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^^^#_  z>.  L  bi    b   Clofk^ 


CONTRIBUTIONS 

TO  THE 

NATURAL  HISTORY 

OF  THE 

LEPIDOPTERA 


OF 


NORTH  AMERICA 


VOL.  IV 

No.  1 


A  REVISION  OF   THE   GENUS 
HYDRIOMENA   HBN. 

BY 

WILLIAM  BARNES.  S.  B.,  M.  D. 

AND 

J.  H.  McDUNNOUGH,  Ph.  D. 


DECATUR,  ILL. 

THE  REVIEW   PRESS 

MAY  Zi.   1917 


Published 

Under  the  Patronage 

of 

Miss  Jessie  D,  Gillett 

Elkhart.  111. 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS  TO 
VOLUME  III 

Page  18.     Phvtometra  curvata  B.  &  McD. 

Sir  George  Hampson  lias  called  our  attention  to  the  fact  that  this 
name  is  probably  a  synonym  of  Antarcliaea  obliqualis  Dyar  described 
from  Mexico  (1912,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  42,  p.  80)  ;  we  agree  with 
this,  but  see  no  reason  to  change  the  generic  reference,  Pliytomctra 
Haw.  in  any  case  having  priority  over  Antarcliaea  Hbn.  if  the  respec- 
tive types  of  the  two  genera  should  prove  congeneric. 

Page  98.     Chlosvne  lacinia  Geyer. 

Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  has  called  our  attention  to  a  valuable 
article  by  W.  II.  Etlwards  on  this  species  in  Can.  Ent.  1893,  p.  286, 
which  we  hatl  ovcrloolved  entirely.  In  this  article  Edwards  first  pro- 
looses  the  names  nigresccns  and  rufescens  which  should  therefore  be 
credited  to  him  and  not  to  Wright  as  we  have  done.  It  would  also 
seem  from  the  article  that  in  New  Me.xico  we  have  a  meeting-point 
of  the  Texan  race  adjutrix  and  the  Arizona  race  crocalc,  a  single  brood 
of  larvae  producing  both  forms ;  this  would  appear  to  be  a  parallel 
case  to  that  of  BasUarchia  astyaiiax  and  B.  arthemis  which  show  all 
manner  of  curious  intergrades  along  the  border  line  where  the  two 
forms  overlap,  I'ic,  Catskill  Mts.  and  northern  New  York  State. 

Page  103.  line  1— Read    RIODINIDAE 
Page  119.     LvcAENA  pardalis  Behr. 

Our  statement  that  the  $  genitalia  resemble  those  of  the  arion 
group  of  blues  and  that  in  consequence  the  species  should  be  referred 
to  the  genus  Lycacna  is  quite  erroneous.  At  the  time  we  had  only  a 
single  i  specimen  which  we  merely  examined  under  the  binocular; 
the  receipt  recently  of  further  specimens  made  it  possible  for  us  to 
remove  the  abdomen  of  this  same  specimen  and  prepare  a  microscopic 
slide  of  the  genitalia ;  to  our  surprise  we  found  them  practically  ident- 
ical with  those  of  icarioidcs  and  we  can  only  ascribe  our  former  serious 
error  to  a  distortion  of  the  genitalia  in  the  dried  specimen.  Pardalis 
should  therefore  be  removed  from  the  genus  Lycaena  as  it  stands  in 


our  New  Check  List  and  placed  next  to  icarioidcs  in  the  genus  Plcbcius 
L. ;  it  is  possibly  a  lowland  race  of  this  species  characterized  by  brown 
ground  color  and  heavy  spotting  on  the  underside  and  it  is  quite  within 
the  bounds  of  probability  that  maricof^a  Reak.  will,  after  all,  take 
precedence  over  the  name  pardalis  as  the  large  black  spots  are  distinctly 
mentioned  in  the  original  description.  Our  San  Francisco  collectors 
should  be  able  to  solve  this  problem  and  discover  whether  the  $  "s 
ever  show  any  traces  of  blue  or  are  constantly  dark  brown. 

Page  128,  line  28 — Omit  and  insert: 

claims  to  have  a  type    6     from  \'ancouvcr  Is.  but  as  the  species  was 

Page  161.     Epipsilia  okakensis  Pack. 

We  were  incorrect  in  stating  that  ohakensis  falls  to  ciiicira  Staud. ; 
Sir  Geo.  Hampson  has  called  our  attention  to  the  fact  that  while 
cincrea  was  diagnosed  in  1861  (Stett.  Ent.  Zeitsch.  p.  369)  it  was  not 
until  1871  (Cat.  Pal.  Lep.  p.  114)  that  the  name  cincrea  was  actually 
given  to  the  Labrador  form  and  that  therefore  okakensis  Pack,  has 
several  years  priority. 

Page  164.     Homohadena  inconstans  Grt. 

Our  statement  that  Grote  originally  referred  this  species  to 
Oncocnemis  was  erroneous;  it  was  described  as  a  Homohadena  (Can. 
Ent.  XV,  28).  This  will  not,  however,  aiJect  the  statements  made  in 
the  remainder  of  our  note. 

Page  172.     Acidalia  persimili.s  Hist. 

On  reviewing  Packard's  description  of  quadrilineata  with  a  view 
to  determining  a  White  Mt.  species  captured  by  ourselves  in  1916  at 
Bretton  Woods,  N.  H.,  we  were  struck  by  the  fact  that  the  description 
did  not  tally  well  with  the  specimen  we  had  recently  compared  with 
the  type  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  Collection  and  on  the  strength  of 
which  we  had  made  pcrsimilis  Hist,  a  synonym ;  this  was  particularly 
the  case  with  regard  to  the  underside  which  calls  for  a  'dark  scalloped 
line  common  to  both  wings  and  situated  half-way  between  the  discal 
dot  and  outer  edge.'  We  wrote  Mr.  Swett  on  the  subject  and  he  was 
kind  enough  to  examine  the  types ;  he  wrote  us  that  of  the  original  type 
series  only  1  $  from  Orono,  Me.,  and  1  $  from  Brunswick,  Me., 
remain  in  the  Packard  Collection  and  that  these  represent  two  species, 
the  former  showing  the  irregular  dark  s.  t.  line  on  the  underside,  the 


latter  having  the  line  straight  and  corresponding  to  Hulst's  persimilis 
concerning  the  identity  of  which  the  original  description  leaves  no  doubt 
(C.  Ent.  XXX,  158).  We  had  evidently  compared  a  specimen  with 
the  Brunswick.  Me.,  type  but  in  view  of  Packard's  statement  in  the 
original  description  we  feel  that  the  type  must  be  restricted  to  the 
Orono,  Me.,  specimen,  the  name  persimilis  Hist,  becoming  valid  for 
the  other  species,  distinguished  by  its  less  angled  secondaries  and  non- 
scalloped  s.  t.  line,  the  cross-lines  also  being  considerably  more  ochreous 
in  this  latter  species  than  in  quadrilineata;  Packard's  figure  in  the 
Monograph  (PI.  X,  Fig.  64)  bears  more  resemblance  to  this  latter 
species  than  to  the  true  quadrilineata.  We  are  now  confronted  with 
the  problem  as  to  which  of  these  two  species  is  represented  by  Walker's 
junctariu  which  we  have  already  referred  to  this  group  (Cont.  Ill,  (1 ) 
p.  41 )  ;  the  description  of  the  type  V  is  very  brief,  but  we  would  note 
that  Walker  uses  the  term  'testaceous'  as  applied  to  the  cross-lines  and 
as  he  uses  the  same  term  in  his  description  of  similaria  which  we  have 
referred  to  crythemaria  Gn.  (Cont.  Ill,  (1)  p.  36)  we  get  a  fairly  clear 
conception  of  his  idea  of  this  color;  it  would  seem  that  the  9  of 
persimilis  Hist,  would  match  the  description  far  better  in  this  respect 
than  the  9  of  quadrilineata  for  which  Walker  would  probably  have 
used  the  term  "fuscous'  as  applied  to  the  lines;  we  believe  therefore 
that  the  correct  usage  will  be  to  apply  juitctaria  Wlk.,  with  persimilis 
Hist,  as  a  synonym,  to  the  one  species,  using  quadrilineata  Pack,  for  the 
other ;  corresponding  changes  should  be  made  in  our  New  Check  List. 

Page  296.     The  localities  for  Fig.  2  and  Fig.  4  should  be  interchanged. 


A  REVISION  OF  THE  GENUS  HYDRIOMENA 
BASED  ON  THE  MALE  GENITALIA 

Mr.  L.  W.  Swctt  in  liis  notes  on  this  genus  (1911,  C.  Ent.  43,  p.  7i; 
1912,  C.  Ent.  44,  p.  225 ;  1915,  C.  Ent.  47,  pp.  9,  58)  has  clone  valuable 
work  in  separating  our  North  American  species,  his  subdivisions  into 
short,  moderate  and  long  palpal  groups  being  a  distinct  advance  over 
anything  heretofore  attempted  in  the  classificatory  line ;  personally  we 
have  never  favored  his  color-pattern  scheme,  it  has  seemed  to  us  too 
artificial  and  we  have  always  had  the  feeling  that  a  number  of  his 
so-called  forms  might,  on  further  study,  prove  to  be  good  races  or  even 
species,  a  theory  which  has  been  amply  borne  out  by  our  studies.  It 
is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  Mr.  Swett's  work  was,  as  he  himself 
states,  more  or  less  unfinished;  his  inability  to  examine  and  compare 
the  i  genitalia  of  the  various  species  involved  has,  we  fear,  led  him 
into  several  rather  serious  errors  which  we  feel  sure  would  have  been 
eliminated  if  he  had  had  the  opportunity  to  work  out  the  structural 
details  of  the  genital  organs. 

We  recently  had  occasion  to  examine  the  genitalia  of  a  number  of 
species  in  this  group  and  the  results  were  so  startling  that  we  decided 
to  extend  our  investigations  to  all  the  species  contained  in  the  genus ; 
we  were  primarily  struck  by  the  excellent  means  of  separation  afforded 
by  the  shape  of  the  Uncus  which  is  all  the  more  important  as,  generally 
speaking,  this  portion  of  the  genitalia  may  be  examined  under  a  strong 
lens  or  binocular  by  simply  removing  a  few  hairs  with  a  fine  brush 
from  the  dorsal  portion  of  the  anal  segment ;  the  necessity  for  breaking 
off  any  portion  of  the  abdomen  and  the  consequent  mutilation  of  choice 
specimens  to  establish  their  identity  is  thus  obviated  and.  while  not 
always  conclusive,  the  general  results  obtained  by  such  an  examination 
are  eminently  satisfactory,  especially  if  taken  in  conjunction  with  the 
palpal  length  of  the  species  in  question. 

In  the  following  notes  we  give  the  result  of  our  investigations,  and 
would  take  this  occasion  to  extend  our  thanks  to  Mr.  Swett  for  his 
hearty  co-operation.  We  are  also  greatly  indebted  to  the  authorities  of 
the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  for  the  loan  of  their  entire 
material  in  this  genus  which,  containing  as  it  does  several  hundred 


specimens  from  the  Hy.  Edwards,  Grossbeck  and  Pearsall  Collections, 
has  proved  of  enormous  value  to  us  in  determining  the  status  of  obscure 
forms. 

We  might  note  that  we  have  found  it  extremely  difficult  to  accur- 
ately identify  some  of  the  older  names,  notably  those  of  Packard,  on 
account  of  the  types  being  almost  invariably  $  's  and  furnished  with 
very  inadequate  locality  labels ;  this,  combined  with  the  fact  that  several 
species  which  show  an  extraordinary  difference  in  the  shape  of  the  S 
Uncus,  are  superficially  extremely  alike,  renders  this  group  one  of  the 
most  perplexing  among  the  Nortli  American  Geometridac. 

We  retain  the  palpal  subdivisions  as  proposed  by  Mr.  Swett  and 
consequently  in  the  main  his  sequence  of  species ;  we  illustrate  our  con- 
ception of  each  species  by  a  half-tone  figure  of  the  insect  in  question 
as  well  as  of  the  S  genitalia ;  in  instances  where  it  has  been  impossible 
to  make  a  slide  we  add  a  text-figure  of  the  Uncus  as  viewed  from  above 
under  a  binocular  microscope ;  we  have  found  the  shape  of  the  Uncus 
remarkably  constant  in  all  species  where  long  series  have  rendered  it 
possible  for  us  to  make  slides  of  several  specimens  as  well  as  to  examine 
the  Uncus  under  the  binocular ;  some  slight  variation  is  naturally  pres- 
ent which  we  shall  comment  on  under  the  various  specific  heads,  but 
wherever  we  have  found  a  marked  difference  we  believe  the  above 
grounds  justify  us  in  treating  it  as  of  specific  value. 

I.     Short  Palpi  Group. 

HvDRiOMENA  FURCAT.\  Thun.     (PI.  I,  Figs.  1-6;  PI.  VII,  Fig.  1). 

An  excellent  figure  of  the  genitalia  of  this  European  species  is 
given  by  Mr.  Pierce  in  'The  Genitalia  of  the  British  Geometridae,'  PI. 
43 ;  we  have  made  slides  of  European  specimens  and  of  numerous 
specimens  from  various  North  American  localities  and  find  them 
practically  identical ;  there  is  considerable  variation  in  the  length  of 
the  lateral  apical  points,  but  this  is  more  apparent  than  real  as  these 
points  show  a  tendency  to  curl  up.  The  species  extends  along  tiie 
Pacific  Coast  from  Alaska  through  British  Columbia,  where  it  is  com- 
mon, (Vancouver  Island,  Kaslo,  Arrowhead  Lake)  down  the  Sierra 
Nevada  range  into  Central  California  (Siskiyou  Co.,  Alameda  Co.)  ; 
it  also  extends  down  the  Rockies  into  Colorado  (Calgary,  Alta. ; 
Banff,  Alta.;  South  Park,  Colo.)  and  we  even  have  single  specimens 
from  the  White  Mts.,  Arizona  and  Provo,  Utah.     The  furthest  point 


8 

eastward  from  which  we  have  received  specimens  is  Hymers,  Out.. 
north  of  Lake  Superior,  but  we  should  not  be  surprised  if  it  were 
found  through  Northern  Quebec  and  Labrador.  As  in  Europe  the 
species  appears  to  be  single  brooded,  occuring  generally  in  July  and 
August,  although  some  of  our  Vancouver  Is.  material  (doubtless  due 
to  the  early  spring)  was  captured  in  late  June;  a  partial  second  brood 
occurs  in  some  of  the  southern  localities  (Alameda  Co.,  Calif.)  in 
October;  we  have  received  small  specimens  from  Mission  San  Jose, 
bred  from  larvae  on  willow,  emerging  in  late  October. 

The  North  American  specimens  before  us  show  either  a  decided 
reddish  or  else  a  smoky  tinge ;  some  are  strongly  and  clearly  marked 
as  in  fuscoundata  Don.  {vide  Seitz,  Palaearct.  Geom.  IV,  PI.  10  k), 
others  are  much  suffused  (obscura  Peyer)  ;  we  have  seen  no  entirely 
green  specimens  corresponding  to  sordidata  Fabr.  although  a  few 
specimens  from  Vancouver  Is.  show  a  slight  greenish  tint  mixed  with 
the  red.  The  American  varieties  listed  by  Mr.  Swett  under  furcata 
(C.  Ent.  43,  p.  82)  must,  we  believe,  with  the  exception  of  pcficlata 
Swett  be  removed  from  this  association  and  treated  (at  least  partially) 
as  good  species.  With  regard  to  periclata  Mr.  Swett  has  examined 
the  type  specimen  and  informs  us  that  the  uncus  is  broken  off  but 
that  the  basal  portion  is  rather  narrow  and  suggests  that  of  furcata  ; 
it  is  evidently  one  of  the  suffused  forms  belonging  to  the  partial  sec- 
ond generation  to  which  we  have  already  referred. 

We  figure  several  of  the  marked  varieties  of  furcata  for  which 
we  believe  European  names  will  for  the  present  suffice ;  distinguishing 
characteristics  may  be  found  in  the  fourth  (postmedian)  dark  band 
of  primaries  which  is  practically  perpendicular  to  inner  margin  from 
vein  6,  becoming  attenuated  to  a  mere  line  below  vein  3  and  generally 
distinctly  crenulate  on  its  outer  edge  in  costal  portion;  the  fifth  dark 
band  (subterminal)  is  well-removed  from  outer  margin  and  strongly 
crenulate  on  outer  edge ;  the  pale  spot  often  present  in  this  band  is 
situated  between  veins  3  and  4  and  is  large,  diffuse  and  not  sliarply 
defined. 

Hydriomen.\  quinouefasciata  Pack.     (PI.  I,  Figs.  7-9;  PI.  VI,  Figs. 

10-11;  PI.  VII,  Fig.  2) 

Among  the  slides  we  made  of  the  preceding  species  we  were  sur- 
prised to  find  a  type  of  Uncus  differing  considerably  from  that  of  fur- 
cata; the  basal  portion  was  much  broader  and  the  central  apical  area. 


9 

instead  of  being  strongly  concave,  was  convex  with  the  lateral  points 
much  less  sharp  than  in  furcata.  We  were  able  to  separate  out  a 
series  of  nine  specimens  in  the  Barnes  Collection,  using  this  feature  in 
the  S  's  as  the  distinguishing  character ;  of  these  seven  were  from 
X'ictoria.  B.  C.  or  its  vicinity,  one  S  was  from  Verdi,  Neva- 
da and  one  9  from  Plumas  Co.,  Calif. ;  there  were  also  five 
specimens  in  the  American  Museum  material,  all  from  the  Hy. 
Edwards  Collection  and  bearing  the  simple  label  'California"  with  the 
exception  of  one  ?  from  Summit,  Sierra  Nevada  Mts.  The  general 
type  of  maculation  of  these  specimens  agrees  so  closely  with  that  of 
furcata  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  point  to  any  one  distinguishing  char- 
acteristic except  that  of  color;  in  all  the  specimens  before  us  the  pale 
areas  are  more  or  less  strongly  sprinkled  with  green,  and  at  times 
heavily  tinged  in  the  median  band  with  ruddy,  some  of  the  specimens 
approaching  much  more  closely  the  European  sordidata  Fabr.  than  any 
of  our  N.  American  forms  of  furcata;  with  regard  to  the  macula- 
tion the  fourth  dark  band  (postmedian)  seems  broader  above  the  inner 
margin  than  is  usually  found  in  furcata;  it  also  shows  a  slight  inward 
angle  on  vein  3  and  above  this  is  less  evenly  crenulate  ;  the  submarginal 
band  is  in  general  slightly  closer  to  the  outer  margin  than  in  furcata; 
these  points,  however,  may  not  be  constant  and  too  great  stress  cannot 
be  laid  on  them.  We  sent  specimens  of  this  species  to  Mr.  Swett 
along  with  typical  furcata  (according  to  genitalia)  and  asked  him  to 
examine  Packard's  types  of  quinqucfasciata  and  viridata  in  the  Cam- 
bridge Museum  and  see  whether  these  names  might  be  applicable  to  this 
new  form ;  unfortunately  both  of  Packard's  types  are  2  's  so  that  it 
is  impossible  to  determine  anything  from  the  genitalia;  however.  Mr. 
Swett,  after  careful  comparison,  has  written  us  that,  although  not  abso- 
lutely identical,  our  species  is  considerably  closer  to  the  types  than  is 
typical  furcata;  he  has  also  sent  us  a  S  specimen  from  Guerneville, 
Calif.,  for  examination  which  he  considers  to  be  viridata  and  the  Uncus 
undoubtedly  agrees  with  that  of  our  form ;  this  would  correspond  to 
our  own  comparisons,  made  however,  at  a  time  when  we  had  not  real- 
ized that  there  were  two  closely  allied  species.  Packard's  types  of 
both  species  came  from  California  (possibly  the  vicinity  of  San  Fran- 
cisco as  they  were  collected  by  Mr.  Behrens)  and  until  material  from 
this  locality  is  available  which  can  be  exactly  matched  with  the  types 
there  will  always  be  an  element  of  doubt  as  to  the  status  of  quinquc- 
fasciata; for  the  present  we  think  it  advisable  to  associate  both  the 


10 

names  quinquefasciata  and  viridata  with  this  species;  viridaia  is  ahnost 
certainly  correctly  applied  and  if  it  be  found  that  the  former  name 
should  be  transferred  to  fiircata  will  then  be  the  proper  one  to  use  for 
this  species.  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  S.  Henshaw  of  the  Cam- 
bridge Museum  we  have  received  photographs  of  the  types  of  these  two 
species  which  we  publish  on  Plate  \l  Figs.  10,  11  ;  the  name  qmiiquc- 
fasciata  we  apply  to  the  form  with  rather  clear  well-defined  bands  com- 
parable to  the  form  fuscoundata  of  fiircata;  ziiidata  is  greener  and 
much  more  suffused  and  indistinct  in  maculation  and  without  the  ruddy 
shades  of  the  former  form. 

Hydriomena  ai.bifasciat.\  Pack.  (PI.  I,  Figs.  10-15;  PI.  VU,  Figs. 

3-4). 

Even  a  casual  glance  at  the  Uncus  of  this  species  shows  that  it 
has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  fuicata  as  listed  by  Mr.  Swett;  in 
common  with  rcflata  Grt.  and  cochizcata  Swett  it  has  a  conical  Uncus 
with  narrow  truncate  apex ;  the  latter  form  shows  distinctions  in  tlie 
penis  armature  from  albifasciata  and  is  therefore  a  distinct  species,  but 
the  former  is  practically  identical  in  genitalia  and  we  consider  that  the 
name  reflate  can  only  be  used  in  a  varietal  sense  for  the  Arizona  race  of 
a  species  which  on  account  of  the  law  of  priority  must  bear  the  name 
albifasciata  Pack,  although  evidently  the  nimotypical  form  is  an  aber- 
rant one. 

The  species  is  easily  separable  from  fiircata  by  the  form  of  the 
postmedian  band  which  is  narrow,  sharply  angled  inwardly  at  the  cell 
and  then  bulging  outwardly;  Mr.  Swett  is  mistaken  in  stating  (C.  Ent. 
XLIII,  78)  that  this  cone-shaped  projection  (as  he  calls  it)  is  not 
found  in  albifasciata,  for  Packard's  figure  of  the  type  distinctly  shows 
it ;  the  pale  patch  in  the  subterminal  band  is  smaller,  whiter  and  is  sit- 
uated between  veins  4  and  5  (not  veins  3  and  4  as  in  fiircata)  with 
frequently  a  short  tail  crossing  into  the  space  between  veins  3  and  4. 
As  already  stated  the  nimotypical  form  with  white  median  band  as 
figured  by  Packard  (Monog.  PI.  VIII,  Fig.  34)  is  rare;  reseda  Swett 
is  clearly  referable  to  this  species  and  represents  a  form  suffused  with 
ruddy;  in  his  description  Mr.  Swett  mentions  particularly  the  white 
tailed  spot  in  the  subterminal  band;  the  early  date  of  capture  (Feb.) 
also  points  to  this  species.  We  have  before  us  a  form  from  Sonoma 
and  Alameda  Cos.,  Calif.,  which  appears  to  be  much  more  of  tlie  normal 
form  in  California   than  any  of  those   forms  to  which   names   have 


11 

already  been  applied  ;  it  is  dull  olive  green,  heavily  suffused  with  smoky, 
the  maculation  being  more  or  less  lost  in  the  dark  shading,  the  median 
area  is  as  dark  as  the  rest  of  the  wing,  the  veins  in  the  subterminal 
area  are  tinged  with  ruddy  and  the  white  subterminal  spot  with  tail  is 
quite  distinct ;  the  average  expanse  is  between  28  and  31  mm. ;  we  pro- 
pose for  this  name  puncticaudata  our  types  being  3  <i  's  froni 
Oakland,  Calif.,  and  Eldridge,  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.,  (Feb.)  and  2  9  's 
from  Eldridge,  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.,  and  Alma,  S.  Clara  Co.,  Calif. 

There  is  still  another  race  foimd  on  Vancouver  Island  in  early 
spring  which  is  much  larger  and  more  clearly  marked  than  pitncticaii- 
data,  of  the  same  size  as  reflata  with  practically  identical  maculation, 
differing  however  in  having  the  ground  color  a  dull  green  (instead  of 
gray)  with  slight  rosy  sprinklings  along  the  veins ;  we  propose  the  name 
VICTORIA  for  this  race,  our  types  being  3  S  's  from  Victoria,  B.  C. 
(Mar.  20)  (Apr.  19  and  29)  and  2  9  's  from  the  same  locality  cap- 
tured on  April  12. 

Typical  reflata  (syn.  abacta  Hist.)  (PI.  I,  Figs.  13,  14)  is  a  large 
dark  gray  form  with  well  defined  purple  brown  bands  and  the  median 
area  sprinkled  with  brown ;  specimens  occur  corresponding  to  albifas- 
ciata  (with  prominent  white  median  band)  and  to  reseda  (suffused 
with  ruddy)  but  we  do  not  believe  names  are  necessary  for  these 
forms ;  we  have  seen  no  greenish  specimens  of  this  race.  The  Uncus 
(PI.  VII,  Fig.  4)  is  rather  stumpier  with  shorter  apical  section  than 
in  albifasciata  but  as  the  remainder  of  the  genital  organs  are  similar 
we  regard  the  variation  as  varietal,  not  specific. 

As  far  as  can  be  judged  from  the  material  before  us  the  species 
occurs  in  the  earliest  days  of  spring,  probably  hibernating  as  a  pupa, 
a  fact  which  in  itself  would  show  a  specific  distinctness  from  f areata; 
we  have  no  record  of  a  second  generation. 

HVDRIOMENA  CGCHIZEATA  Swett.      (PI.  II,  Figs.  1-3;  PI.  VII,  Fig.  5). 

Air.  Swett  kindly  sent  us  photographs  of  the  two  S  types  of  this 
species  which  confirmed  our  own  identification ;  the  species  is  appar- 
ently rather  local  as  both  the  types  and  a  long  series  in  the  Barnes  Col- 
lection were  taken  at  Palmerlee,  Arizona,  the  latter  during  the  month 
of  February;  five  specimens  in  the  Grossbeck  Collection,  originally 
from  Dr.  Barnes,  are  labelled  Redington,  Ariz.  (Jan.,  Feb.) 

The  Uncus  is  very  similar  in  shape  to  that  of  reflata;  the  best  point 
of  distinction  in  the  genitalia  is  found  in  the  armature  of  the  Aedoeagus 


12 

which   in   reflata   has   a   single   stout   central   spine   terminally   whilst 
in  cochiaeata  we  find  three  strong  spines,  two  lateral  and  one  central. 

The  species  is  generally  rather  suffused  in  maculation  but  in  speci- 
mens where  the  postmedian  band  is  clear  it  is  very  characteristic,  being 
strongly  dentate  below  costa  with  two  large  teeth  above  veins  2  and  3; 
we  find  the  same  range  of  variation  as  is  found  in  albifasciafo— 
suffused  smoky  forms,  suffused  greenish  forms,  reddish  forms  and 
white-banded  forms,  one  of  the  original  types  belonging  to  this  latter 
form ;  we  would  restrict  the  name  to  the  type  with  smoky  gray  suffusion 
over  the  wing  and  for  the  rather  rare  white-banded  form,  correspond- 
ing to  nimotypical  albifasciata,  we  propose  the  name  swetti  in  honor  of 
Mr.  Swell  who  has  named  so  many  forms  in  this  variable  group ;  our 
types  are  two    5  's  from  Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

HvDRiOMENA    NUBILOFASCIATA    Pack.     (PI.    II,    Figs.    4-8;    PI.    VII, 

Fig.  6). 

We  have  nothing  to  adil  to  Mr.  Swell's  comments  on  this  species 
except  to  present  a  figure  of  the  Uncus  which  is  rather  intermediate 
in  shape  between  the  fnrcaia  and  the  albifasciata  groups ;  as  Mr.  Swell 
points  out  one  of  the  characteristic  features  of  the  species  is  the  dark 
terminal  band ;  the  various  color  forms  have  been  fully  treated  by  Mr. 
Swell  in  his  notes  (C.  Ent.  43,  p.  79)  ;  we  figure  a  few  of  the  most 
striking  forms  on  Plate  11,  Figs.  4-8. 

Bamvahrata  Stkr.  may  possibly  be  a  synonym  of  this  species ;  we 
have  not  had  the  opportunity  to  examine  the  type  recently,  which  is 
in  very  rubbed  condition,  but  our  notes  would  indicate  that  it  would 
fall  here. 

The  species  flies  in  early  spring;  our  California  specimens  from 
Sonoma  and  S.  Diego  Co.  are  dated  February  and  March;  we  liave 
the  species  also  from  Salem,  Ore.  (Mar.)  and  Palmerlee,  Ariz. 
(April)  ;  Mr.  Swett  records  it  from  British  Columbia. 

Hydriomena  manzanita  Taylor.     (PI.   II,  Figs.   10,   11;   PI.  \TII, 

Fig.  1). 

The  shape  of  the  Uncus  shows  a  close  relationship  to  the  preced- 
ing species,  which  is  further  borne  out  by  the  dark  terminal  band  found 
in  both  manzanita  and  iiiibilofasciata;  however,  in  the  former  species 
this  is  not  prominent  owing  to  the  general  dark  color.     We  only  possess 


13 

the  species  from  British  CoUinibia  but  there  is  a  specimen  in  the  Gross- 
beck  Collection  taken  in  the  Santa  Cruz  Mts.  Calif,  in  March.  Appar- 
ently it  only  flies  in  early  spring. 

With  this  species  we  end  those  members  of  the  short  palpi  group 
in  which  the  Uncus  is  simple  and  more  or  less  broad  at  the  apex ;  the 
remaining  species  in  the  group  show  a  bifurcate  Uncus  and  lead  over 
into  the  moderate  palpi  group  in  which  the  bifurcation  of  the  Uncus  is 
carried  to  a  still  greater  degree.  In  this  present  subdivision  are  several 
apparently  undescribed  forms  with  long  narrow  neck  to  the  Uncus  and 
with  each  fork  narrow  and  straight,  forming  together  a  broad  Y  shaped 
opening ;  we  commence  with  the  description  of  these  species. 

Hydriomena  TUOLUMNE  sp.  nov.     (PI.   II,   Figs.   13,   14;   PI.  VIII, 

Fig.  2). 

Palpi  very  short;  primaries  light  gray  sprinkled  with  smoky  and  shaded 
with  ruddy  brown ;  basal  space  rather  clear  gray  bordered  outwardly  by  a  dark, 
very  oblique  subbasal  line  extending  from  costa  near  base  to  jnst  before  middle 
of  inner  margin,  either  rigidly  oblique  or  with  a  very  slight  incurve  below  cell; 
between  this  subbasal  line  and  the  antemedian  line  is  a  broad  space  shaded 
strongly  with  ruddy  brown  and  crossed  centrally  by  an  oblique,  broad,  dark  band 
forming  slight  outward  angles  in  cell  and  submedian  fold;  the  inner  margin  of 
this  antemedian  space  is  shaded  with  black ;  antemedian  line  narrow,  wavy,  dark, 
slightly  less  oblique  than  subbasal  line,  angled  in  the  submedian  fold;  median 
space  pale  whitish  with  a  slight  ruddy  tinge  and  narrow  discal  streak,  edged 
outwardly  by  a  dark  postmedian  line  which  is  strongly  angled  inwardly  in  cell, 
bent  backward  between  vein  4  and  subtnedian  fold  narrowing  the  median  space 
considerably  and  tending  to  connect  with  antemedian  line  at  this  point,  then 
parallel  to  same  to  inner  margin  at  outer  angle ;  subterminal  space  shaded  with 
ruddy  brown  and  bordered  outwardly  with  a  broad  curved  purplish-black  s.  t. 
band,  narrowing  toward  inner  margin  with  straight  outer  edge;  a  dark  apical 
dash  below  which  are  two  parallel  dark  streaks,  the  lower  extending  from  outer 
edge  of  s.  t.  band  to  postmedian  line ;  terminal  area  pale  with  veins  bordered  on 
each  side  by  short  dark  streaks.  Secondaries  pale  smoky  with  traces  of  a  discal 
dot  and  curved  postmedian  line  showing  through  from  under  side.  Beneath  pale 
smoky,  secondaries  with  discal  dot  and  line  better  defined.    Expanse  28-30  mm. 

Habitat:  Tuolumne  Meadows,  Tuolumne  Co.,  Calif.  (Aug.  8-15)  (6000 
ft.);  So.  Fork,  S.  Bernardino  Mts.,  CaHf.  (Grinnell).  3  <J ,  6  9.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

This  species  is  apparently  confined  to  liigh  altitudes  of  the  Sierras ; 
besides  the  type  series  we  have  a  single    9     from  the  Lake  Tahoe  dis- 


14 

trict.  Our  specimens  are  mostly  rather  worn  but  the  maculation  is 
readily  tlistinguishable.  The  ruddy  suffusion  is  quite  characteristic 
and  very  constant;  with  the  exception  of  the  second  (antemedian)  and 
fifth  ( submarginal )  the  bands  of  the  preceding  group  are  reduced  to 
lines  and  the  maculation  is  very  clean  cut. 

Hydriomena   exculpata    sp.    nov.     (PI.    Ill,    Figs.    1-3;    PI.    VIII. 
Fig.  3.) 

Palpi  rather  longer  than  in  the  preceding  species,  especially  in  the  9  sex  ; 
type  of  maculation  essentially  the  same  but  wing  expanse  considerably  greater ; 
the  subbasal  line  is  heavy,  black,  oblique,  often  slightly  rounded  below  costa ; 
basal  area  pale  gray,  the  space  between  the  subbasal  and  antemedian  lines  is  usu- 
ally of  a  deep  rich  brown,  showing  only  faint  traces  of  a  smoky  waved  ante- 
median band ;  this  brown  color  spreads  over  into  the  central  portion  of  the  pale 
median  space,  at  times  very  markedly  (typical  form);  in  other  specimens  the 
brown  color  is  greatly  reduced  being  coniined  to  the  margins  of  the  cross-lines, 
the  whole  wing  appearing  grayish ;  the  subterminal  and  terminal  areas  are 
strongly  suffused  with  brown;  secondaries  rather  dark  brownish  with  dark  discal 
dot  and  angled  postmedian  line.     Expanse  30-34  mm. 

Habitat:  Ketchikan,  Alaska  (May-July)  5  S,  S  9.  Types.  Coll. 
Barnes. 

Our  types  are  all  of  the  brown-banded  form  and  were  received 
through  the  kindness  of  Messrs.  A.  N.  Avinoff  and  B.  Preston  Clark; 
for  the  gray  form  from  the  same  locality  we  propose  the  name  tribu- 
lata;  a  few  specimens  (mostly  9's)  from  Kaslo,  B.  C,  Crater 
Lake,  Oregon  and  Silverton,  Colo,  we  cannot  separate  from  these  gray 
Alaskan  specimens ;  it  would  seem  as  if  the  species  extended  down  the 
Coast  Range  and  Rocky  Mts.  for  a  considerable  distance  but  series  of 
both  sexes  from  the  southern  localities  will  be  necessary  before  decid- 
ing this  point. 

The  shape  of  the  Uncus  is  very  similar  to  that  of  the  preceding 
species  of  which  we  would  have  considered  it  a  race  were  it  not  for 
the  fact  that  e.rcitlf>ata  shows  a  distinct  lateral  tubercle  or  ridge  at  the 
base  of  the  neck  which  is  also  rather  broader  than  in  tiiohimne.  The 
dates  of  capture  on  our  species  would  seem  to  indicate  a  single  genera- 
tion extending  over  a  considerable  period  of  the  summer. 


15 

IIVDRIOMENA  HENSUAVVI  Swett.      (PI.  II,  Fig.  9;  PI.  \'l,  Fig.  12.) 

The  species  was  unknown  to  us  except  for  a  photograph  of  the 

type  from  Nevada  received  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  S.  Henshaw 

of  the  Cambridge  Museum  of  Comp.  Anatomy ;  in  the  material  sent  by 

the  American   Museum,  however,   we   found 

five   specimens   which   we  think  are   without 

much  doubt  this  species;  one     S     from  the 

Sierra  Nevadas.  Calif,  ex  Hy.  Edwards  Coll. 

is  very  close  to  the  figure  of  type  before  us ; 

1    (J    and  1    9    from  Estes  Park,  Colo.  (June 

''"'■  '  11,    18)    agree   structurally   and   except   in  a 

L'ncus  of  H.  henshaivi  .  .  ...  ,      .  ti     .. 

few  mnior  points  also  in  maculation ;  another 
9  from  Hy.  Edw.  Coll.  is  simply  labelled  'Colorado'.  Unfortunately 
the  abdomen  of  the  type  specimen  is  lost  so  that  we  have  been  unable 
to  confirm  our  identification  by  comparing  the  structure  of  the  Uncus ; 
our  figure,  as  well  as  our  text  figure  of  the  Uncus,  is  that  of  a  Placer 
Co.  Calif,  specimen  which  is  better  marked  than  the  type.  The  forks 
of  the  Uncus  are  rather  more  U  shaped  than  in  the  preceding  species 
but  the  long  narrow  neck  shows  its  close  relationship.  In  the  9  the 
palpi  seem  slightly  longer  than  in  the  (J  .  The  species  is  apparently 
found  only  at  higher  altitudes  in  early  summer. 

HVDRIOMEXA  SHASTA  sp.  IIOV.       (PI.  Ill,   Fig.  4). 

Palpi    apparently    short    and    rather    hairy ;    primaries    rather    unicolorous 
dark  gray  with  median  band  slightly  paler,  the  dark  areas  lightly  sprinkled  with 
whitish  dots;  subbasal  line   (line  1)   dark,  very  strongly  oblique  from  costa  to 
cell,  then  bent  at  almost  right  angles  and  slightly  ovit- 
wardly  oblique  to  inner  margin  one  third  from  base 
where  it  forms  a  small  black  patch ;  band  2  almost 
lost  in  the  general  dark  color  of  the  antemedian  area 
which   is   streaked   with  black  along  inner  margin; 
line  3  slightly  wavy,  in  genera!  rather  evenly  oblique 
from   somewhat  before  middle  of   costa  to  slightly 
P      2  beyond  middle  of  inner  margin;  median  area  much 

Un    s  of  H  Shasta  constricted  between   vein  2  and  inner   margin,  bor- 

dered outwardly  by  line  4  which  forms  an  irregular 
outward  bulge  opposite  cell;  band  5  (submarginaU  broad  but  more  or  less  lost  in 
dark  ground  color,  its  outer  edge  being  scalloped  and  faintly  bordered  by  a  pale 
shade ;  an  oblique  dark  apical  dash,  extending  to  s.  t.  band ;  fringes  long  grayish. 
Secondaries  even  gray  with  concolorous  fringes  and  a  slightly  darker  terminal 
line.  Beneath  rather  even  dark  gray  with  traces  of  small  discal  dots  and  post- 
median  line  on  both  wings.     Expanse  25  mm. 


16 

Habitat:  Mt.  Shasta,  Calif.  (July  17)  (McDunnough)  1  S.  Type, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

The  single  type  was  captured  near  the  timber  line  at  an  altitude 
of  from  7000-8000  ft. ;  its  very  dark  color  is  quite  characteristic  as  is 
also  the  strongly  bent  nature  of  the  subbasal  line ;  the  type  of  Uncus 
is  that  of  the  perfracta-frigidata  group  but  as  far  as  we  can  tell  from 
the  rather  twisted  palpi  they  are  short  rather  than  moderate  and  we 
place  the  species  therefore  next  to  henshazci  Swett. 

Hydriomena  irata  Swett.     (PI.  II.  Figs.  12,  15;  PI.  IV,  Fig.  6;  PI. 

VIII,  Fig.  4). 

This  is  a  good  species  and  easily  distinguished  from  californiata, 
which  it  superficially  resembles,  by  the  shape  of  the  Uncus  as  well  as 
by  the  shortness  of  the  palpi.  From  the  preceding  group  it  is  separated 
by  the  stouter  forks  of  the  Uncus,  the  included  space  being  rather  more 
U  shaped  than  V  shaped. 

The  species  is  apparently  rather  constant  iu  coloration,  judging  by 
our  series  of  twelve  species  and  other  twelve  in  the  Am.  Mus.  material 
which  all  show  distinct  reddish  antemedian  and  postmedian  shading ; 
the  sub-basal  line  is  strongly  bent  in  the  cell  which  serves  to  distinguish 
the  species  both  from  the  preceding  group  and  from  californiata  in 
which  it  is  more  or  less  straightly  oblique.  The  form  niveifascia 
Swett,  described  as  a  variety  of  californiata  (C.  Ent.  48,  p.  249)  prop- 
erly belongs  here  as  an  examination  of  the  Uncus  of  the  unique  S 
type,  kindly  loaned  us  by  Mr.  Swett,  distinctly  shows;  the  palpi  are 
slightly  longer  than  usual  which  doubtless  led  to  the  reference  but 
this  is  a  somewhat  variable  feature  in  the  series  before  us.  We  figure 
the  type  of  this  form  on  PI.  IV,  Fig.  6. 

Most  of  our  specimens  were  captured  in  April  but  we  have  a 
single  specimen  from  Duncans,  Vane.  Is.,  B.  C.  taken  in  September 
which  would  indicate  if  the  label  is  correct  at  least  a  partial  second 
generation ;  we  have  not  seen  the  species  from  other  localities  than 
Vancouver  Island  and  the  northern  Pacific  coast,  a  single  S  in  the 
Barnes  Collection  having  been  captured  at  Ketchikan,  S.  Alaska. 

II.     Moderate  palpi  group. 

The  following  group  of  three  species,  with  which  we  commence 
the  second  group,  frigidata  VVlk.  perfracta  Swett,  and  transfigurata 
Swett,  all  originally  described  from  the  Eastern  States  or  Canada,  are 


17 

very  closely  related  in  the  structure  of  the  Uncus  and  also  in  general 
niaculation.  The  first  two  species  have  been  listed  respectively  as  a 
synonym  and  a  color  form  of  cccrulata  Fabr.  {aiitumiialis  Strom); 
this  species  however  scarcely  occurs  in  North  America  (unless  possibly 
in  Alaska)  and  our  studies  of  the  genitalia  have  shown  us  that  the 
forms  of  the  Eastern  States  at  present  listed  under  this  name  may  really 
be  readily  separated  into  several  distinct  species. 

The  two  latter  of  the  three  species  mentioned  are  apparently  quite 
rare  and  study  of  more  material  and  especially  of  life  histories  may 
cause  some  change  in  our  grouping  but  for  the  present  we  list  each  as 
a  good  species. 

Hydriomena  frigidata  W1U-.     ( PI.  Ill,  Figs.  12-14 ;  PI.  X'lII,  Fig.  5). 

The  species,  as  already  noted,  is  quite  distinct  from  cccrulata 
Fabr. ;  it  is  a  form  of  the  early  spring  ( April-May)  and  can  at  once  be 
separated  by  its  extremely  dark  secondaries  which  have  the  cross-line 
only  faintly  developed ;  the  primaries  are  usually  a  deep  blackish-green 
crossed  by  a  rather  obscure  median  whitish  band,  a  characteristic  of 
which  appears  to  be  that  it  shows  distinct  black  shading  below  the  discal 
streak.  The  Uncus  is  bifurcate  with  long  narrow  neck,  the  bifurca- 
tions forming  more  of  a  U  than  a  V  and  being  rather  short  and  chunky. 

A  form  of  what  we  believe  to  be  this  species  occurs  in  Manitoba 
and  is  characterized  by  the  much  whiter  basal  and  median  areas,  the 
latter  still  showing,  however,  the  blackish  suffusion  below  discal  streak ; 
the  green  of  the  ground-color  is  also  rather  paler ;  we  propose  for  this 
race  the  name  Manitoba,  our  types  being  4  (J ,  1  9  from  Cartwright, 
Man.  (May  25  and  28). 

The  typical  form  appears  wide-spread  in  the  Eastern  and  Middle 
States ;  we  have  seen  specimens  from  New  York  and  New  Jersey  and 
have  series  from  New  Brighton,  Pa.  and  Decatur,  111.;  there  is  also 
a  single  specimen  in  the  American  Museum  from  Blanco  Co.,  Texas 
and  Mr.  Swett  tells  us  that  a  specimen  mentioned  by  Packard  from 
Kentucky  under  calif oniiata  (Monog.  p.  95)  is  probably  this  species. 

Hydriomena  transfigcrata  Swett.     (PI.  Ill,  Fig.  15). 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Swett  we  possess  a  Co-type  of  this 
species;  as  this  is  a  unique  specimen  in  our  collection  we  have  been 


18 

unable  to  make  any  dissections  but  as  far  as  we  can  tell  by  an  exam- 
ination of  the  Uncus  under  the  binocular  the 
species  is  closely  allied  to  frigidata.  We 
note  however  that  the  neck  is  rather  broader 
and  shorter,  the  forks  of  the  bifurcation 
rather  longer  and  there  appears  to  be  a  tuber- 
cle or  ridge  at  the  base  of  the  neck  much  as 
Fic.  3  in  excnlpata;  it  seems  to  us  therefore  that  we 

Uncus  of  H.  transRguraia  g^g  dealing  with  a  distinct  species.  The  gen- 
eral coloration,  while  greenish  as  in  frigidata,  is  much  paler,  the  median 
band  is  broader  at  costa  and  shows  no  trace  (in  our  specimen  at  least) 
of  the  black  discal  shading  of  frigidata.  For  further  details  we  would 
refer  the  student  to  Mr.  Swett's  note  (C.  Ent.  44,  228).  The  species 
occurs  in  early  May  in  Massachusetts;  we  incline  to  think  that  Mr. 
Swett's  mention  of  New  Brighton,  Pa.  (Merrick)  as  a  locality  (1.  c. 
p.  228)  is  incorrect  and  that  the  only  species  occurring  there  is  frigi- 
data; the  Merrick  Collection  (now  incorporated  in  our  own)  contained 
no  transfigurata  but  a  good  series  of  frigidata  and  any  other  specimens 
we  have  examined  from  this  locality  all  proved  to  be  the  latter  species. 

Hydriomena  perfracta  Swett.     (PI.  IV,  Figs.  1,  2;  PI.  VI,  Fig.  13; 
PI.  VIII,  Fig.  6). 

As  already  noted  the  species  was  described  as  a  color  form  of 
ccerulata  Fabr.  {autumiialis  Strom)  although  later  (C.  Ent.  44,  p.  226) 
Mr.  Swett  suggests  that  plnviata  Gn.  may  be  the  more  correct  name 
for  the  North  American  species.     We  entirely 
concur  with  him  in  this  view  but  for  the  pres- 
ent hold  perfracta  distinct   from  pluviata  as 
there  seem  to  be  differences  in  the  shape  of  the 
Uncus  which  place  it  very  close  to  transfigur- 
ata.    The  species  seems  to  be   rare;  besides 
Fic-  ■»  the  type  which  we  figure  (PI.  VI,  Fig.  13)  we 

Uncus  of  H.  terf.acta         j^^^^  ^^^^  ^^g,^  ^  ^jj^gj^    ^     f ^om  the  Catskill 

Mts.  (type  locality)  in  the  American  Museum  material  and  another 
$  in  our  own  collection  from  the  vicinity  of  Calgary,  Alta.  (Dod), 
all  three  specimens  being  practically  identical  in  maculation  and  size. 

We  would  note  that  while  the  maculation  of  both  perfracta  and 
pluviata  is  practically  the  same,  the  former  species  is  much  larger 
(30  mm.)  than  pluviata  which  averages  25  mm.  in  the    S    sex;  the 


_19 

ruddy  shading  on  both  sides  of  the  median  wliitish  area  is  very  bright 
pinkish  whereas  in  those  specimens  of  pluviata  which  show  a  ruddy 
tinge  the  color  is  dull  and  more  generally  suffused  over  the  entire 
wing  surface.  The  time  of  flight  would  appear  to  be  somewhat 
earlier ;  the  Catskill  Mt.  specimens  were  captured  in  late  May  whereas 
pluvxata,  which  is  common  in  the  same  locality,  judging  by  a  long 
series  before  us  from  the  Pearsall  Collection,  is  at  the  height  of  its 
flight  in  mid-June,  continuing  into  July.  Finally  the  Uncus  of  per- 
fracta  examined  under  the  binocular  shows  a  narrow  neck  of  the 
frigidata  type  with  the  forks  distinctly  divergent,  whilst  in  plmiata 
the  neck  is  more  of  the  cacnilata  type  showing  scarcely  any  contraction, 
with  the  lateral  edges  forming  almost  a  straight  line  from  apex  of 
forks  to  base  of  neck.  These  differences  may  or  may  not  prove 
specific  when  more  material  can  be  examined  and  life  histories  studied 
but  for  the  present  no  great  harm  is  done  by  treating  the  two  forms  as 
distinct  species. 

We  have  two  specimens  from  Vancouver  Island,  B.  C.  which 
seem  best  treated  as  a  race  of  this  species  and  for  which  we  propose 
the  name  exasperata  ;  they  are  slightly  smaller  than  typical  pcrfracta 
(28  mm.)  and  are  more  sharply  marked,  the  cross-lines  being  heavy 
and  distinct;  the  whole  of  the  primaries  is  evenly  suffused  with  a 
ruddy  color  giving  the  form  a  great  similarity  to  californiata  Pack, 
from  which  it  may  at  once  be  separated  by  the  shape  of  the  Uncus 
(PI.  VIII,  Fig.  6)  which  is  very  similar  to  that  of  perfracta.  the  forks 
being  rather  chunkier  and  somewhat  shorter  and  the  neck  slightly 
thicker.  Our  types  are  2  i's,  the  one  from  Departure  Bay,  Vane. 
Is.  B.  C.  (July  13),  the  other  from  Wellington,  B.  C.  (June  23)  both 
originally  collected  by  Rev.  G.  W.  Taylor. 

Hydriomena  marinata  sp.  nov.     (PI.  VI,  Fig.  6). 

Palpi  moderate ;  primaries  olive-green  whh  a  very  faint  ruddy  tinge ;  sub- 
basal  line  black,  in  general  oblique  with  a  slight  incurve  in  the  submedian  fold  and 
a  faint  angle  at  times  on  median  vein ;  band  2  broad, 
irregular,  bordered  on  each  side  by  the  green  ground 
color ;  line  3  fine,  dark,  irregularly  oblique ;  median 
area  greenish,  more  or  less  dark  shaded  around  cell 
with  a  fine  dark  discal  streak  narrowed  consider- 
ably at  inner  margin;  line  4  oblique  at  costa.  angled 
inwardly  opposite  cell  followed  by  a  strong  outward 
bulge,  after  which  it  is  irregularly  scalloped  and 
aia  inwardly  oblique  to  inner  margin  :   outer  area   uni- 

colorous  olivaceous  crossed  by  the  usual  broad  dark 
subterminal  band  which  is  connected  with  apex  of  wing  by  a  dark  streak;  dark 


20 

terminal  streaks  on  both  sides  of  veins.  Secondaries  rather  pale  smoky  white 
with  two  rather  distinct  postmedian  parallel  dark  lines  and  a  terminal  dark  line. 
Beneath  much  the  color  of  secondaries  above  with  two  subterminal  lines  on 
primaries  corresponding  to  lines  4  and  5  of  upper  side;  secondaries  with  a  single 
angled  postmedian  line  and  faint  discal  dot.  Expanse  30  mm. 

Habitat:  Type,  Verdi,  Nevada;  Paratype,  Marin  Co.,  Calif.  (Hy.  Edw.) 
2    $.    Type,  Coll.  Barnes;  Paratype,  Coll.  Am.  Mus.  N.  H. 

The  species  is  one  of  those  obscure  greenish  ones  which  we 
should  have  been  inclined  to  associate  with  glaitcata  if  it  had  not  been 
for  its  shorter  palpi  and  the  differently  shaped  Uncus  which  is  very 
close  to  that  of  frigidata  but  considerably  thicker  and  chunkier. 

An  examination  of  the  2  S  types  of  cliiricahitata  Swett  in  the 
Barnes  Coll.  shows  that  tliey  belong  to  two  distinct  species;  we  limit 
the  name  therefore  to  the  type  from  the  Chiricahua  Mts.,  Ariz.,  which 
has  a  very  deeply  bifurcate  Uncus  and  will  deal  with  the  species  in 
more  detail  later  under  the  long  palpi  section ;  the  other  specimen  from 
the  Huachuca  Mts.,  Ariz,  has  a  type  of  Uncus  very  similar  to  that  of 
the  frigidata  group  and  although  the  palpi  are  scarcely  perceptibly 
shorter  than  those  of  the  true  chiricahuata  we  prefer  to  deal  with  it 
for  the  present  in  this  section.  Apart  from  the  difference  in  the  Uncus 
the  two  species  are  so  strikingly  similar  that  with  our  limited  material 
we  find  it  very  difficult  to  point  to  any  definite  means  of  separation  in 
maculation ;  the  basal  and  median  areas  are  rather  paler  in  the  present 
species,  the  former  being  rather  more  extended  than  in  chiricahuata; 
the  secondaries  are  paler  basally  and  on  the  underside  show  no  discal 
dot;  we  describe  the  species  in  detail  as  follows: 

HVDRIOMENA    ARIZONATA    Sp.    UOV.       (PI.    Ill,    Fig.    10). 

Primaries   gray,   shaded   and   sprinkled   with   olivaceous-brown   with   paler 

basal  and  median  spaces  and  heavy  black  cross-lines;  line  1  (subbasal)  strongly 

rounded  outwardly  from  a  point  on  costa  near  base  almost  to  middle  of  inner 

margin ;    band   2   purplish,   irregular,    with    outward 

angles  in  cell  and  submedian   fold,  shaded  on  both 

sides   with   brownish-gray   and   with   a   heavy   black 

mark  just  beyond  it  on  inner  margin;  line  3  rather 

fine,  somewhat  irregularly  oblique,  with  inward  angle 

above  inner  margin ;  median  space  paler,  with  fine 

discal  dot,  bordered  outwardly  by  a  very  irregular 

Pjj,    g  line  (line  4)  which  shows  a  prominent  inward  angle 

Uncus  of  H  arhonaia  opposite  cell,  two  scallops  in  the  interspaces  of  veins 

2-4  and  is  then  bent  strongly  backward  reaching  the 

inner  margin  close  to  line  3  and  narrowing  the  median  space  between  vein  2 

and  inner  margin  to  half  its  width  at  costa ;  a  very  distinct  submarginal  purplish 


21 

band  shaded  on  both  siilcs  with  ohvaceous-brown  and  crossed  by  the  usual 
black  subapical  dashes ;  dark  terminal  dots  on  both  sides  of  veins ;  fringes  smoky 
with  darker  median  line.  Secondaries  pale  smoky  at  base  with  much  heavier 
smoky  shading  terminally,  a  fairly  distinct  angled  postmedian  line,  somewhat 
emphasized  on  the  veins  by  dashes  and  separated  from  the  darker  terminal 
shading  by  a  narrow  pale  band;  fringes  pale,  checkered  with  smoky-bown.  Be- 
neath primaries  pale  smoky  crossed  by  two  sinuous  subterminal  lines  and  shaded 
with  gray  along  costa  and  at  apex;  secondaries  whitish,  sprinkled  lightly  with 
smoky  brown,  with  the  postmedian  line  of  upper  side  very  distinct  and  with 
traces  of  a  paint  parallel  subterminal  line;  terminal  dark  line  on  both  wings; 
fringes  pale,  checkered.  Expanse  11  mm. 

n.\BiT.\T:  Palmerlee.  Ariz.;  Huachuca  Mts.,  Ariz.  3  c5  ■  Types, 
Coll.   Barnes. 

We  have  two  specimens  before  us,  one  a  9  in  the  Barnes  Coll. 
from  Vineyard,  Utah  (Sept.  1),  the  other  a  3  from  Stockton,  Utah 
(Oct.  12)  in  the  American  Museum  material  ex  Coll.  Grossbeck  which 
seem  to  represent  a  new  species,  characterized  by  its  light  gray  color 
and  pale  secondaries,  the  underside  of  which  is  almost  imtnaculate 
white ;  we  also  possess  a  worn  and  stained  3  from  Glenwood  Spgs., 
Colo.  (May  1-7)  which  seems  to  belong  to  the  same  species  and  may 
represent  a  spring  generation.  The  type  of  Uncus  is  essentially  that 
of  the  frigidata  group.  The  following  description  is  drawn  up  from 
the  9  specimen  on  account  of  its  more  perfect  condition ;  we  might 
note  however  that  the  palpi  in  the  9  ,  owing  to  abrasion,  give  the 
appearance  of  being  shorter  than  in  the  S  which  has  the  palpi  in 
good  condition  but  the  wings  rather  worn ;  there  seems,  however,  no 
doubt  as  to  the  specific  oneness  of  the  two  specimens. 

Hydriomena  obliquilinea  sp.  nov.     (PI.  Ill,  Fig.  11). 

Palpi  rather  short;  thorax  dark  gray  with  faint  ochreous  tinge;  primaries 

gray  much  obscured  by  smoky,  especially  in  the  antemedian  and  costal  areas ;  mac- 

ulation  ratlicr  indistinct  with  the  exception  of  an  oblique,  dark,  rather  broad  line 
(line  1)  extending  from  costa  near  base  to  inner 
margin  about  one  third  from  base,  bordered  inwardly 
with  whitish;  a  faint  wavy  median  line  (line  3),  par- 
allel to  this  first  line,  reaches  inner  margin  well 
before  inner  angle,  the  included  space  being  slightly 
darker  than  the  basal  area,  and  crossed  by  an  indis- 
tinct waved  smoky  band,  the  inner  margin  of  wing 
in  this  area  heavily  streaked  with  blackish ;  the 
'"^'  '  median   area   is   defined   outwardly  by   a   dark    line, 

Uncus  of  H.  ohhqmhnca  ^^.^^  ^^^  shaded  inwardly  with  white  at  costa  and 

above  inner  margin,   strongly  oblique  outwardly  to  vein  S  then   indistinct  but 


_^2 

apparently  angled  inward  opposite  cell  and  rounded  outwardly  across  veins  4 
and  3,  then  distinct  to  anal  angle  and  decidedly  crenulate,  the  lower  portion  of 
this  median  area  is  pale,  the  upper  portion,  especially  in  the  broadest  part  oppo- 
site the  cell,  is  shaded  with  smoky  purple ;  two  distinct  black  subapical  streaks 
above  veins  5  and  6;  subterminal  band  defined  by  two  pale  whitish  parallel  lines, 
bent  strongly  outward  at  costa  and  then  parallel  with  outer  margin  and  close  to 
same,  ending  in  a  small  black  spot  just  above  anal  angle;  a  broken  terminal  dark 
line ;  fringes  dusky ;  secondaries  whitish  tinged  with  smoky  with  an  indistinct 
postmedian  line,  bent  inwardly  on  vein  2,  and  a  prominent  dark  terminal  line 
broken  by  a  pale  dot  on  the  veins ;  fringes  pale  with  a  minute  dark  dot  opposite 
the  veins.  Beneath  primaries  pale  smoky  with  maculation  of  upper  side  indis- 
tinctly showing  through ;  secondaries  white ;  fringes  as  above.  E.xpanse  26  mm. 
Habitat:  9,  Vineyard,  Utah  (Sept.  1);  S,  Stockton,  Utah  (Oct.  12). 
1    (5,1    9  .     Type    $ ,  Coll.  American  Museum ;  Type    9  .  Coll.  Barnes. 

Hydriomena  marmorata  .sp.  nov.     (PI.  IV,  Fig.  3;  PI.  VIII,  Fig.  7). 

Among  the  material  sent  by  the  American  Museum  we  found  nine 
specimens  (6  S  ,  3  9  )  all  bearing  the  label  "Sierra  Nevadas,  Calif. 
(Hy.  Edwards)',  which  to  our  mind  represent  a  distinct  species  for 
which  we  propose  the  above  name,  describing  as  follows : 

Palpi  moderate,  tending  to  short  rather  than  long,  blackish;  head  and 
thorax  gray,  sprinkled  and  marked  with  blackish  and  with  a  strong  blackish 
metathoracic  tuft;  primaries  narrow,  elongate,  with  pointed  apex,  dull  gray 
marbled  with  reddish  pink  and  with  the  usual  purplish  lines  and  bands ;  basal 
space  pale  gray  sprinkled  with  black  atoms,  especially  along  inner  margin,  defined 
outwardly  by  line  1  which  is  strongly  outwardly  oblique  from  costa  to  cubital 
vein,  then  angled  and  concave,  but  still  oblique,  to  inner  margin  somewhat  before 
middle;  band  2  broad,  dark,  irregular,  shaded  on  both  sides  with  ruddy-pink  and 
tiiarked  with  a  black  dash  at  inner  margin  ;  the  inner  defining  line  of  the  paler 
median  area  (line  3)  not  well  marked;  this  area  is  narrow,  sprinkled  with  dark 
gray  and  suffused  with  ruddy  below  the  cell,  with  small  dark  discal  dash  ;  the 
outer  defining  line  is  irregular  with  a  strong  inward  bend  opposite  the  cell ; 
beyond  this  is  a  broad  ruddy  area  followed  by  a  broad  purplish  gray  subterminal 
band  crossed  by  the  usual  subapical  dashes;  terminal  area  gray,  sprinkled  with 
darker  gray  and  somewhat  diffused  with  ruddy;  veins  marked  terminally  on 
both  sides  by  blackish  streaks.  Secondaries  rather  pale  smoky  with  more  or 
less  distinct  postmedian  and  subterminal  dark  parallel  lines,  rather  strongly 
angled  on  vein  3.  Beneath  smoky  gray  with  dark  discal  dots  and  two  postmedian 
lines  on  both  wings,  especially  distinct  on  secondaries.     Expanse  32  mm. 

The  types  i  and  9  are  in  the  American  Museum  Collection 
along  with  Paratypes;  through  the  kindness  of  the  authorities  of  the 
Museum  2  3,1  9  Paratypes  are  retained  in  the  Barnes  Collection ; 
Mr.  Swett  has  also  recently  sent  us  a  S  from  California  which  we 
have  made  a  Paratype.     There  is  a  worn    9    from  Provo,  Utah  (July 


23 

23)  amongst  the  Museum  material  which  is  apparently  referable  here 
and  another  rubbed  9  in  the  Barnes  Coll.  from  Redington,  Ariz,  may 
also  possibly  be  found  to  represent  a  form  of  this  species. 

The  species  seems  best  placed  near  perfracta  Swett ;  its  narrow 
pointed  wings  and  peculiar  mottled  appearance  should  render  it  easily 
recognizable. 

We  have  before  us  several  specimens  from  the  Sierra  Nevadas, 
Calif,  which  seem  to  represent  a  new  species;  the  general  appearance 
is  strikingly  close  to  a  \Vestern  race  of  niberata  to  which  we  will  refer 
later  but  tlie  palpi  are  distinctly  shorter  and  the  average  size  somewhat 
smaller.  The  species  is  related  in  shape  of  Uncus  to  the  perfracta 
group  but  the  Uncus  has  a  very  narrow  neck  and  the  bifurcations  are 
short  and  not  widely  separated,  resembling  considerably  the  Uncus 
of  tiioliimne;  we  describe  the  species  as  follows: 

HVDRIOMENA  SIERRAE  sp.  ttov.      (PI.  IV,  Figs.  4,  5;  PI.  VIII,  Fig.  8). 

Primaries  dull  gray,  sprinkled  with  smoky;  space  between  lines  1  (subbasal) 
and  3  (antemedian)  filled  with  dull  reddish-brown  through  which  runs  a  faint 
irregular  smoky  band  shaded  with  black  at  inner  margin  ;  similar  reddish  sliading 
beyond  line  4  (postmedian)  ;  basal  and  median  areas  whitish-gray,  very  slightly 
tinged  with  ruddy,  latter  with  small  discal  dash;  line  1  (subbasal)  black,  thick, 
slightly  rounded  below  costa  and  bent  in  somewhat  in  fold ;  line  3  rather  evenly 
oblique,  slightly  waved ;  line  4  thick  and  outwardly  oblique  below  costa,  bent  in 
opposite  cell  and  then  strongly  bulging  outwardly,  bent  backward  between  veins 
4  and  2,  forming  two  scallops,  and  parallel  to  line  3  from  vein  2  to  inner  margin ; 
subterminal  band  broad,  smoky,  slightly  scalloped  on  both  sides  and  bordered 
by  a  white  line ;  apical  black  streak  and  two  parallel  black  subapical  black  dashes, 
the  lower  one  longer  and  extending  across  subterminal  band  to  line  4 ;  fringes 
checkered  with  blackish  at  ends  of  veins.  Secondaries  rather  pale  smoky  with 
distinct  discal  dot  and  two  darker  lines,  the  one  postmedian,  rather  sharply  bent 
before  vein  3,  the  other  submarginal,  broader  and  more  diffuse ;  fringes  distinctly 
checkered.  Beneath  pale  smoky  with  distinct  discal  dots  and  postmedian  and 
submarginal  lines  on  both  wings.     E.xpanse  26  mm. 

Types,  1  ^,1  9.  Shasta  Retreat,  Siskiyou  Co.,  Calif,  (June  24-30)  (July 
1-7)  (McDunnough).  Paratypes,  4  $,2  9-  Cisco,  Placer  Co.,  Calif.  (June), 
3    $    and  1    9    being  in  the  Collection  of  the  American  Museum, 

With  the  above  species  we  end  the  members  of  the  moderate  palpi 
group  in  which  the  Uncus  is  shortly  bifurcate  with  a  rather  long  narrow 
neck,  the  remaining  members  of  this  group  form  a  subsection  in  which 
the  bifurcations  are  very  deep  and  U-shaped,  thus  eliminating  more  or 


2£ 

less  all  trace  of  the  neck.  Of  this  group  candata  Fabr.  (autumiwlis 
Strom)  is  a  typical  member  but  we  doubt  very  much  if  this  European 
species  can  be  accredited  to  the  North  American  fauna  as  has  generally 
been  done  up  to  the  present.  A  very  good  figure  of  the  c!  genitalia 
is  given  by  Pierce  (Gen.  Brit.  Geom.  PI.  43),  our  own  dissections 
proving  the  accuracy  of  his  figure ;  we  have  found  nothing  among  our 
American  material  to  correspond  with  this  and  while  it  is  possible  that 
candata  may  be  found  in  the  far  north  just  as  is  the  case  with 
Dysstioma  popidata  L.  which  occurs  in  Alaska,  we  think  it  advisable 
to  drop  the  name  for  the  present  from  our  lists. 

As  we  have  already  noted  the  name  autumiialis  has  been  applied 
in  this  country  to  a  conglomeration  of  species  for  which  there  are 
valid  names,  given  principally  by  older  authors ;  we  have  already  separ- 
ated out  fngidata  \\\k.  and  now  treat  of  pluviata  Gn. 

HvDRioMENA  PLUVIATA  Gn.   (divisaria  W'lk. )     (PI.  I\',  Figs.  7.  8; 

PI.  VI,  Fig.  16;  PI.  IX,  Fig.  1). 

Gucnee's  diagnosis  of  this  species  is  sufficient  to  determine  the 
form  with  considerable  certainty;  he  mentions  the  sharper  apex  of 
primaries,  the  more  oblique  first  line,  the  bulging  of  the  median  space 
in  its  central  portion  and  the  paler  hind  wings  as  compared  with 
cccndata,  all  of  which  points  are  found  in  a  species  which  occurs  com- 
monly in  the  Catskill  Mts..  N.  Y.  in  June  and  July  and  extends  through 
the  New  England  States  into  Maine  and  Canada;  from  our  notes  on 
the  type  of  divisaria  Wlk.,  a  sketch  of  the  Uncus  kindly  made  for  us 
by  l\ir.  A.  W.  Baker  of  the  Ontario  Agricultural  College,  Guelph  and 
a  photograph  of  the  type  ( PI.  VI,  Fig.  16)  we  have  little  doubt  that 
Walker's  name  falls  as  synonym  to  Guenee's  older  name.  Besides 
the  points  already  mentioned  the  species  is  characterized  by  its  small 
size  (25-27  mm.),  general  dull  color  with  considerable  tendency  to 
brown  or  ruddy  sufifusion,  a  rather  prominent  incurve  in  the  first  line 
below  the  cell  and  a  very  strong  inward  tooth  in  the  fourth  line  (post- 
median)  in  the  cell,  these  two  last  features  being  not  entirely  constant. 

The  Uncus  in  shape  forms  a  connecting  link  between  the  two 
groups,  the  forks  being  not  so  deep  as  in  cccndata,  leaving  a  short 
broad  neck  visible ;  in  a  long  series  examined  we  found  slight  variabil- 
ity present  in  the  length  of  the  bifurcations  and  consequently  the 
length  of  the  neck,  but  our  figure  seems  to  be  that  of  an  average 
specimen. 


Hydriomena  renunciata  Wlk.     ( PI.  I\',  Figs.  10-14;  PI.  IX,  Fig.  2). 

There  is  another  species  which  occurs  in  the  Eastern  and  New 
England  States  along  with  pliiviaia  and  which  has  invariably  been 
confused  with  the  same  although  they  are  easily  separated  by  even  a 
superficial  examination  of  the  Uncus ;  for  this  species  we  believe  the 
above  name  is  applicable,  judging  by  a  colored  figure  of  the  type  in  the 
British  Museum  which  we  have  received.  It  is  this  species  which 
Packard  figures  in  the  Monograph  on  PI.  VIII,  Fig.  29;  it  is  generally 
rather  larger  than  plH^iata  with  broader  primaries  and  in  general  macu- 
lation  approaches  closer  to  the  European  cocndata  than  does  plniiata; 
the  ground  color  is  rather  dark,  often  quite  blackish  with  an  admix- 
ture of  green  shades  and  the  whitish  median  band  is  of  more  even 
width  throughout  and  often  stands  out  very  prominently  from  the 
darker  surrounding  area. 

The  Uncus  is  still  more  deeply  bifurcate  than  that  of  cartilata 
and  the  neck  is  consequently  practically  eliminated. 

The  species  has  apparently  the  same  range  as  plitviata;  Dr. 
McDunnough  found  it  common,  although  somewhat  worn,  in  the 
White  Mts.,  N.  H.  (Bretton  Woods)  in  mid-July  and  we  have  series 
before  us  from  Northwestern  Ontario  (Hymers),  Digby,  N.  S.,  \'er- 
mont  and  the  Catskills  Mts. 

On  the  northern  Pacific  coast  this  species  is  represented  by  the 
race  columbiata  Tayl.  (PI.  IV,  Figs.  13,  14)  which  is  rather  larger 
and  slightly  more  variegated  in  appearance,  but  has  the  same  type 
of  genitalia ;  we  have,  besides  the  types,  a  long  series  from  Vancouver 
Is.  and  Ketchikan,  Alaska. 

There  is  a  considerable  tendency  toward  melanism  in  the  western 
form,  (PI.  IV.  Fig.  12)  especially  in  those  occurring  inland;  Mr. 
Swett  mentions  this  form  under  the  name  nigresccns  Heune  (C.  Ent. 
44,  p.  228)  from  Saskatchewan  but  of  course  this  name  is  not  applic- 
able; we  propose  therefore  the  name  pernigr.\ta  for  the  suffused 
blackish  form  with  only  traces  of  a  paler  median  area,  our  types  being 
1  (J  ,  2  9  from  Glacier  National  Park,  Montana ;  we  have  made 
Paratypes  of  1  $  ,  \  9  from  Skagit  Basin,  B.  C.  and  1  5  from 
Stickeen  River,  B.  C,  the  two  former  in  the  Collection  of  the  Amer- 
ican Museum;  two  very  similar  specimens  from  the  Sierra  Nevadas, 
Calif.  (Hy.  Edwards)  are  also  in  this  collection. 


26 

Hydriomena  crokeri  Swett.  (PI.  IV,  Fig.  15;  PI.  IX,  Fig.  3). 

We  consider  this  a  good  species  and  not  a  variety  of  the  preceding 
as  Hsted  by  Mr.  Swett;  in  type  of  genitalia  it  is  close  to  columbiata 
Tayl.  but  apart  from  its  yellowish-green  coloration  which  is  very 
constant  in  our  series  of  eight  specimens,  it  may  easily  be  recognized 
by  the  subbasal  line  which  is  very  strongly  bent  outward  below  costa, 
whereas  in  cohtmbiala  this  line  is  generally  quite  rigidly  oblique,  only 
occasionally  showing  a  slight  bend ;  another  feature  is  a  tendency  to 
show  considerable  whitish  shading  in  the  subterminal  dark  band,  which 
when  present  seems  quite  characteristic.  The  Uncus  also  shows  points 
of  distinction,  possessing  a  short  neck  and  being  rather  intermediate  in 
the  shape  of  the  forks  between  columbiata  and  calif orniata.  We  have 
a  single  ?  from  Salem,  Oregon,  our  other  specimens  having  been 
captured  in  the  vicinity  of  Victoria,  B.  C,  in  April  and  May. 

Hydriomena  muscata  sp.  nov.  (PI.  IV,  Fig.  9;  PI.  IX,  Fig.  4). 

We  have  three  S  specimens  from  Eldridge,  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif, 
captured  in  February,  which,  on  account  of  the  similarity  of  Uncus  and 
the  fact  that  the  subterminal  band  shows  white  shading,  may  prove  to 
be  a  southern  race  of  crokeri;  as  however  the  general  appearance  is 
quite  different  we  treat  it  for  the  present  as  a  distinct  species.  The 
primaries  are  dark  mossy  green,  crossed  by  the  usual  dark  bands  and 
with  tlie  median  area  whitish,  strongly  narrowed  toward  inner  margin 
and  with  slight  ruddy  shading  in  the  fold;  the  subbasal  line  is  bent 
below  costa  much  as  in  crokeri;  line  3,  bordering  the  median  area 
inwardly,  is  rather  rigidly  oblique,  being  only  slightly  waved ;  the  sub- 
terminal  band  shows  traces  of  white  shading  which  in  one  specimen 
has  spread  so  as  to  obliterate  entirely  the  central  portion  of  the  band. 
Our  types  in  the  Barnes  Collection  are  the  three  specimens  already 
mentioned. 

Hydriomena  califo'kni.'VTA  Pack.     (PI.  V,  Figs.  1,  2;  PI.  X,  Fig.  2). 

On  a  recent  visit  to  the  Cambridge  Museum  of  Comp.  Anatomy 
we  were  unable  definitely  to  locate  Packard's  type  of  this  species  which 
was  a  specimen  from  California  (Behrens),  no  sex  being  mentioned; 
Mr.  Swett  at  the  time  told  us  that  it  appeared  to  have  been  lost  and 
after  a  careful  study  of  the  original  description  we  both  agreed  to 
accept  his  identification  of  the  species  (C.  Ent.  44,  p.  229)  as  correct. 
Since  then  he  has  written  us  that  he  has  discovered  the  type  in  an  old 


box  of  Peabody  Academy  material,  that  it  is  a  $  markeil  'Behrens,  13' 
and  that  it  does  not  aher  our  conception  of  the  species. 

We  might  note  that  Packard  in  his  Monograph  (where  he  hope- 
lessly confused  several  species  under  the  name  californxata)  states  that 
the  specimen  figured  on  PI.  \'III,  Fig.  30  is  the  normal  form,  another 
specimen  being  figured  as  calif orniata  on  PI.  VIII,  Fig.  33;  these  two 
specimens  differ  considerably  in  the  shape  of  the  subbasal  line  which  in 
Fig.  30  shows  a  rather  strong  bend,  in  Fig.  33  on  the  contrary  being  rig- 
idly oblique ;  the  original  description  is  rather  ambiguous  on  this  point, 
Packard  merely  stating  'an  oblique  black  line  finely  and  acutely  pointed 
on  the  median  vein  goes  obliquely  outwards.'  Our  conception  of  the 
species  is  rather  that  of  the  latter  figure,  which  was  evidently  a  small 
S  ,  Fig.  30  to  our  mind  being  closer  to  irata  Swett  in  some  ways  than 
to  our  notion  of  californiata. 

Apart  from  this  one  point,  which  in  our  series  seems  in  any  case 
somewhat  variable,  we  find  nothing  in  either  of  the  figures  that  would 
cause  us  to  alter  our  previous  determination  of  the  species. 

We  have  a  long  series  from  various  localities  on  Vancouver  Is. 
B.  C.  where  it  appears  to  be  common  but  have  seen  no  Californian 
material ;  some  of  the  9  's  are  rather  difificult  to  separate  from  those  of 
coliimbiata  Tayl.  but  usually  in  the  former  species  band  2  is  less  elbowed 
outwardly  below  the  costa  and  line  4  (postmedian)  more  deeply  exca- 
vated opposite  the  cell ;  generally  the  characteristic  ruddy  tinge  of  the 
antemedian  and  subterminal  areas  is  sufficient  to  identify  the  species. 
The  palpi  are  quite  long  in  the  2  sex,  in  some  specimens  being  only 
very  slightly  shorter  than  in  rubcrala  which  falls  into  the  following 
section. 

The  Uncus  is  very  characteristic,  the  forks  being  deep,  very  stout 
and  more  bent  inward  apically  than  in  the  preceding  species. 

The  species  occurs  on  Vancouver  Is.  in  June  in  contradistinction  to 
irata  which  is  an  early  spring  species  (April)  ;  our  earliest  date  for 
caUformata  is  May  23d,  our  latest  July  20th ;  colmnbiata  appears  to  be 
intermediate  in  time  of  emergence  between  the  two,  our  few  speci- 
mens from  Vancouver  Island  having  been  taken  in  May. 

With  the  preceding  species  we  end  the  second  main  group;  the 
following  section,  consisting  of  the  long  palpi  species,  may  be  sub- 
divided, according  to  the  shape  of  the  Uncus,  into  several  secondary 


28 

groups,  each  of  which  seems  to  bear  more  relation  to  one  of  the  preced- 
ing groups  than  to  the  other  subdivisions  of  its  own  section. 

The  first  subdivision  shows  in  the  shape  of  the  Uncus  great  affinity 
to  califoniiata  Pack.,  in  fact  the  palpi  themselves  are  only  slightly 
longer  than  we  find  in  califoniiata  9  "s  and  the  species  might  almost 
as  well  be  placed  in  the  preceding  section. 

Our  S  material  in  this  group  is  very  limited  and  we  do  not  feel 
at  all  sure  but  that  with  more  material  and  better  knowledge  of  the 
type  specimens  some  of  our  conclusions  may  have  to  be  altered ;  how- 
ever we  give  our  opinions  for  what  they  may  be  worth  and  trust  that 
those  more  favorably  situated  with  regard  to  material  than  we  are  will 
be  spurred  on  to  test  the  correctness  of  these  conclusions. 

III.     Long  Palpi  Group. 

Hydriomena  BisTRiOLATA  Zell.     ( PI.  V,  Figs.  3,  4;  PI.  IX,  Fig.  5). 
The  type  of  this  species  is  a     9     in  the  Zeller  Collection  in  the 

British  Museum;  according  to  Zeller,  Packard  and  Swett  (Can.  Ent. 

47,  p.  59)  there  is  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  a  9  (not  a  5  )  which 
may  be  possibly  considered  a  Paratype  as  it 
bears  a  yellow  label  indicating  that  it  had  been 
examined  by  Zeller;  Packard  figures  a  speci- 
men from  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  which  he  had  com- 
pared with  this  latter  specimen  and  found  to 
agree  (Mon.  Geom.  p.  95,  PI.  VIII,  Fig.  32). 
I'iG.  8  We    have    a    single      $      from    Decatur.    111., 

Uncus  of  H.  bistrioUita  ...  ,,        •  ,      -r*      i         i'      i^  -.1 

which  agrees  well  with  Packard  s  figure  and 
which  we  imagine  therefore  may  be  referred  to  this  species;  it  shows 
only  a  faint  tinge  of  green  on  the  pale  areas  whereas  typical  bistriolata 
is  strongly  suffused  with  this  color,  but  a  series  would  probably  show 
considerable  variation  in  this  respect.  We  figure  the  Uncus,  drawn 
after  an  examination  under  the  binocular,  our  material  not  permitting 
of  any  slides  being  made ;  Mr.  Swett  has  kindly  sent  us  a  sketch  of  the 
Uncus  of  two  <5  "s  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  from  Dallas,  Tex.  (Boll), 
probably  part  of  the  type  lot,  which  agrees  with  our  figure  so  that  we 
imagine  our  identification  is  fairly  certain ;  it  will  be  seen  that  the  fork 
is  very  deep  and  strongly  U  shaped,  each  branch  being  thickened  and 
slightly  bent  inward  toward  apex ;  it  would  seem  to  be  a  further  devel- 
opment of  the  califoniiata  type.     The  species  has  only  been  taken  in 


g9 

early  spring ;  Mr.  Swett  mentions  March  for  the  Texan  specimens  ami 
our  specimen  was  taken  in  early  April  along  with  frigidata  Wlk. 

In  our  Contributions  \'ol.  II,  p.  204  we  referred  to  some  Colorado 
specimens,  identified  for  us  by  Mr.  Swett  as  bistriolata,  as  being  dis- 
tinct from  this  species ;  an  examination  of  the  $  Uncus  of  these 
Colorado  specimens  shows  however  no  point  of  difiference  from  that 
of  our  Decatur  specimen ;  it  would  seem  therefore  that  Mr.  Swett  was 
correct  and  that  we  were  in  error  in  calling  these  a  distinct  species ; 
they  do,  however,  represent  a  distinct  race  characterized  by  the  entire 
lack  of  green  shading,  the  deeper  brown  color  of  the  antemedian  band 
and  the  paler  color  of  the  secondaries ;  the  basal  and  median  areas  of 
primaries  are  also  considerably  suffused  with  light  gray  scaling.  We 
propose  the  name  modestata  for  this  race,  our  types  being  2  ,J ,  2  ? 
from  Glenwood  Spgs.,  Colo,  captured  in  April  and  May,  one  of  the  9 
Paratypes  being  in  the  American  Museum  Collection. 

Hydriomena  chiricahuata  Swett.     (PI.  \',  Fig.  5). 

As  previously  stated  the  type  must  be  limited  to  the  3  specimen 
from  the  Chiricahua  Mts.,  Ariz.  The  type  of  Uncus  is  distinctly  that 
of  bistriolata,  in  fact,  apart  from  the  smaller  size,  which  is  only  natural, 
we  can  see  no  difiference  in  the  structure  of  this  organ  in  the  two 
species ;  it  may  be,  therefore,  that  chiricahuata  is  merely  a  small  Arizona 
race  of  the  preceding  species  but  for  the  present  it  may  be  kept  separate 
until  more  is  known  about  its  life  history  and  time  of  appearance; 
apart  from  the  type  we  have  seen  three  $  specimens  from  Palmerlee. 
Ariz.,  all  undated,  and  2  9 's  from  Yavapai  Co.,  Ariz.  (July  2)  and 
Prescott,  Ariz.  (Sept.  9)  which  seem  referable  here;  I  $  and  2  9  's 
are  in  the  American  Museum  material  ex  Coll.  Grossbeck. 

H\T)RiOMENA  RUBER.\TA  Freycr.     (PI.  V,  Figs.  6-9;  PI.  IX,  Figs.  6,  7). 

The  species  occurs  quite  commonly  in  the  New  England  States 
and  extends  Westward  through  Canada  to  the  Rocky  Mts. ;  we  have 
series  from  Manitoba  and  Alberta  which  show,  besides  the  typical 
form  as  figured  by  Seitz  (Macro.  Pal.  IV,  PI.  10k)  also  the  form 
variegata  Prout ;  it  is  probably  that  the  other  European  forms  also 
occur  as  noted  by  Mr.  Swett  (C.  Ent.  47,  p.  61).  We  have  no  record 
of  the  occurrence  of  the  species  in  British  Columbia,  although  we  have 
a  single    9    labelled  Easton.  Wash. 


30 

The  Uncus  is  strongly  bifurcate  with  a  rather  narrow  short  neck 
but  with  very  stout  forks  which  broaden  apically  giving  a  very  char- 
acteristic appearance;  Mr.  Pierce  has  figured  the  genitalia  (Gen.  Brit. 
Geom.  PI.  43)  and  specimens  from  North  America  which  we  have 
examined  agree  well  with  his  figure ;  there  is  some  slight  variation  in 
the  width  of  the  neck  which  at  times  may  be  very  narrow ;  the  depth  of 
the  forks  is  also  somewhat  variable. 

On  the  East  and  West  slopes  of  the  central  Sierra  Nevada  Mts. 
(Verdi,  Nevada;  Cisco,  Placer  Co.,  Calif.)  we  meet  with  a  race  of 
ruberata  which  has  generally  gone  under  the  name  similaris  Hist,  but 
this  name,  as  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  point  out  (Contr.  Ill, 
p.  176),  has  been  erroneously  applied.  This  race,  (PI.  V,  Figs.  6,  9) 
besides  being  somewhat  smaller,  is  generally  duller  and  more  washed- 
out  in  color,  the  whole  of  the  primaries  having  a  sufifused  grayish 
appearance  without  the  sharp  definition  of  the  typical  form ;  the  forks 
of  the  Uncus  (PI.  IX,  Fig.  7)  are  rather  variable  but  in  general  are 
less  swollen  apically  than  in  Eastern  specimens  and  show  a  tendency 
to  keep  close  together,  making  the  open  V  quite  narrow.  We  propose 
for  this  race  the  name  nevadae,  our  types  being  7  S,  6  9  from 
Verdi,  Nevada  (Jime),  2  5,3?  Paratypes  being  in  the  American 
Museum  Collection.  The  race  shows  the  same  varietal  tendencies 
which  we  find  in  the  nimotypical  form.  We  have  seen  additional  speci- 
mens, rather  better  marked  from  Cisco,  Placer  Co.,  Calif. 

The  two  following  species,  glaucata  Pack,  and  cdenata  Swett, 
have  caused  us  a  great  deal  of  trouble  with  regard  to  their  correct 
identification  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  Holotypes  of  both  species  are 
9  's  whilst  the  type  of  maculation  is  extraordinarily  similar ;  for  a 
considerable  time  we  considered  that  the  two  names  represented  races 
of  a  single  species  which  extends  more  or  less  along  the  whole  Pacific 
Coast ;  the  recent  receipt  of  a  pair  of  specimens  from  the  San  Gabriel 
Mts.,  Calif,  in  which  the  $  Uncus  is  of  an  entirely  different  type  to 
that  of  our  so-called  glaucata  whilst  the  general  maculation  is  astound- 
ingly  close  has  convinced  us  that  we  are  certainly  dealing  with  two 
species,  but  has  also  left  us  in  great  doubt  as  to  how  to  apply  the 
names  correctly;  our  present  usage  is  therefore  more  or  less  tentative 
and  caused  by  a  desire  not  to  augment  the  confusion  already  existing 
by  adding  new  names   which  may  later  prove  to  be  synonyms;  we 


imagine  that  a  careful  study  of  the  types  will  settle  the  question  but 
until  we  are  in  a  position  to  do  this  on  a  future  visit  to  the  New  York 
and  Cambridge  Museums  the  matter  must  remain  in  abeyance. 

Hydriomena  glaucata  Pack.     (PI.  VI,  Fig.  4.) 

The  unique  type    9    from  California  is  figured  in  the  Proc.  Bost. 
Soc.  N.  Hist.  PI.  I,  Fig.  6,  but  owing  to  the  rather  worn  nature  of  the 
specimen  and  the  poor  reproduction  this  figure  is  not  very  satisfactory 
as  a  means  of  absolute  identification ;  we  be- 
lieve, however  that  Mr.   Swett  is  correct  in 
stating  (C.  Ent.  47,  p.  63)  that  the  type  exists 
in  the  Hy.  Edwards  Collection  in  the  New 
York  Museum,  but  we  cannot  agree  with  his 
statements  (C.  Ent.  47,  p.  62)  that  it  is  a  green 
form  of  ruberata;  we  examined  this  specimen 
''"^-  '  a  year  ago  and  thought  at  the  time  we  had 

Uncus  of  H.  glaucata  niatched  it  with  a  series  of  specimens  taken 

in  Sonoma  Co.  in  February,  such  as  we  figure  on  PI.  III.  Figs.  5-7, 
and  which  in  the  type  of  Uncus  corresponds  to  what  we  treat  in  this 
paper  as  edenata  Swett ;  as  however  we  were  unaware  at  the  time  of 
the  existence  of  two  species  with  closely  allied  maculation  we  feel  that 
our  comparison  will  need  careful  revision  before  we  can  consider  that 
glaucata  and  edenata  represent  forms  or  races  of  a  single  species. 

As  already  stated  we  prefer  for  the  present  to  apply  the  name 
glaucata  tentatively  to  the  species  of  which  we  possess  I  S  ,\  9  from 
the  San  Gabriel  Mts.  Calif,  captured  June  29th  by  V.  L.  Clemence  and 
received  by  us  from  Mr.  F.  Grinnell  Jr. ;  we  figure  the  9  which 
matches  Packard's  figure  pretty  well,  being  in  general  however  rather 
darker  (which  may  be  due  to  the  freshness  of  the  specimen)  but  show- 
ing the  greenish  shade  as  mentioned  in  the  description.  The  S  Uncus 
has  a  short,  moderately  narrow  neck  and  very  long  wide-spreading 
forks,  being  closer  to  crokeri  and  muscata  in  this  respect  than  to  any 
other  species  we  know  of,  but  of  course  dififering  widely  from  these  two 
in  length  of  palpi  and  general  maculation. 

Hydriomena  edenata  Swett.     (PI.  Ill,  Figs.  5-9;  PI.  VI,  Figs.  5,  7, 

14;P1.  X,  Fig.  1). 

The  Holotype  of  this  species  is  a  9  from  Eden  Valley,  Monterey 
Co.,  Calif,  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  ex  Coll.  Swett  {vide  C.  Ent.  47, 


p.  59)  and  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  S.  Henshaw  we  are  able  to 
give  a  figure  of  this  type  on  PI.  VI,  Fig.  14;  the  S  specimen  from 
Monterey  Co.  ex  Coll.  Grossbeck,  mentioned  in  the  original  descrip- 
tion is  in  the  American  Museum  and  Mr.  F.  Watson  the  Curator  has 
sent  us  a  sketch  of  the  Uncus  which  corresponds  with  that  figured  by  us 
on  PI.  X,  Fig.  1.  As  may  be  seen  by  a  reference  to  this  figure  it  is 
very  different  from  that  of  the  preceding  species,  the  neck  being 
rather  long  and  narrow,  the  forks  narrow,  compressed  laterally  at 
apex  and  bent  downward  with  a  small  terminal  hook  which  is  quite 
characteristic;  the  depth  of  the  bifurcation  varies  somewhat  but  it  is 
usually  about  equal  to  the  length  of  the  neck. 

If  this  S  is  conspecific  with  the  9  type,  which  it  is  impossible 
for  us  to  determine  at  the  present  moment,  our  identification  may  be 
regarded  as  fairly  safe ;  the  species  appears  to  be  rather  wide-spread 
in  apparently  two  generations  along  the  whole  Pacific  Coast  from 
San  Diego  to  \'ancouver  Is.,  B.  C.  The  typical  form  is  without  green 
shades,  the  antemedian  area  being  shaded  with  warm  brown ;  it  occurs 
ostensibly  in  June  and  our  figure  (PI.  III.  Fig.  8)  of  a  S  from 
Monterey  Co.  we  regard  as  fairly  typical ;  we  have  other  specimens, 
rather  deeper  in  shade,  taken  in  June  in  San  Diego  Co.  Wright  has 
recently  applied  to  two  forms  of  this  species  from  San  Diego  (Ent. 
News,  XXVII,  p.  460)  the  names  olivata  and  pallidata;  we  are  able 
through  the  kindess  of  Mr.  Swett  to  figure  Co-types  of  these  forms  (PI. 
VI,  Figs.  5,  7)  which  appear,  according  to  the  shape  of  the  Uncus,  to 
be  correctly  associated  with  cdenata;  these  Co-types  before  us  were 
captured  in  February  and  March  which  would  point  to  an  early  spring 
generation ;  this  is  corroberated  by  a  series  from  Sonoma  Co.  in  our 
collection,  captured  also  in  February,  three  specimens  of  which  we 
figure  on  PI.  Ill,  Figs.  5-7;  as  already  stated  we  were  inclined  to 
consider  these  as  referable  to  glaucata  but  if  our  present  conception 
of  glaucata  prove  to  be  correct  they  will  probably  represent  a  good  race 
of  edenata  agreeing  as  they  do  in  the  structure  of  the  Uncus. 

Mr.  Swett  mentions  (C.  Ent.  47,  p.  60)  a  large  Vancouver  Is. 
form  as  belonging  to  cdenata;  we  have  before  us  1  5,3  9  of  this 
form,  captured  in  March  and  April,  1  9  ,  which  we  figure,  showing 
considerable  green  tinges,  the  other  three  specimens  being  largely  brown 
with  pale  basal  and  median  areas.  There  is  nothing  in  the  structure 
of  the  Uncus  to  separate  these  B.  C.  specimens  from  those  of  Sonoma, 


33 

Monterey  and  San  Diego  Cos.  but  as  their  large  size  (38  nini.  in  both 
sexes)  is  apparently  constant  we  believe  we  are  justified  in  proposing 
to  use  the  racial  name  grandis,  our  types  being  1  S  from  Duncans, 
B.  C.  (Mch.  24-30)  and  3  9  's  from  Victoria,  B.  C.  (Apr.  8,  13.  16) 
1  9 ,  Paratype  (Victoria,  Apr.  13)  being  in  the  American  Museum 
Collection. 

We  have  before  us  two  specimens  from  Arizona  which  we  discov- 
ered mixed  up  with  a  race  of  speciosata  to  which  we  will  refer  later; 
in  the  S  sex  the  Uncus  is  enormously  forked  with  a  long  thin  neck, 
quite  distinctive  from  any  other  species  we  know.  We  describe  it  as 
follows. 

Hydriomena  furculoides  sp.  nov.     (PI.  V.  Fig.  15). 

Palpi  long,  thin,  purple-brown  tipped  with  ochreous ;  head  and  thorax  pale 
greenish-yellow,  the  latter  with  two  black  spots  on  prothorax  and  one  at  base  of 
primaries;  metathoracic  tuft  tipped  with  black,  abdomen  ochreous.  Primaries 
pale  greenish-white  suffused  with  purplish-brown 
and  crossed  by  bands  of  this  color;  line  l(subbasal) 
line,  bent  strongly  outward  just  below  costa,  then 
perpendicular  to  inner  margin  forming  a  right  angle 
in  the  cell  with  a  slight  inward  bend  in  submedian 
fold ;  band  2  starting  from  a  large  costal  patch,  then 
rather  indistinct  and  more  or  less  fused  with  the 
following  band  owing  to  dark  scaling  in  central 
area  of  wing;  band  3  (antemedian)  bent  outward 
below  costa,  then  rather  straight  and  perpendicular 
to  inner  margin ;  median  space  pale,  slightly 
sprinkled  with  dark  scales  and  with  a  dark  streak 
above  vein  4;  line  4  (postmedian)  bent  out  below 
costa,  then  jagged  and  toothed  to  vein  4  below  which  it  is  more  or  less  obsolete 
as  a  fine  line  close  to  the  subterminal  band ;  snbterminal  space  similar  in  color 
to  median  area ;  subterminal  band  broad,  with  irregular  edges,  approaching  close 
to  outer  margin  at  vein  3 ;  terminal  area  with  very  broad  purplish  streaks  on 
the  veins  which  mostly  connect  with  the  subterminal  band,  leaving  only  small 
terminal  patches  of  the  pale  ground-color  visible  and  a  costal  patch  of  same 
color  just  beyond  s.  t.  band  below  which  is  the  usual  black  streak  ;  fringes  pale 
ochreous,  dotted  with  brown  at  ends  of  veins.  Secondaries  pale  smoky  with 
traces  of  a  discal  dot  and  somewhat  crenulate  postmedian  line.  Beneath  whitish 
with  maculation  of  upper  side  partially  visible ;  secondaries  with  distinct  discal 
dot  and  rather  sharply  angled  postmedian   line.  E.xpanse  30mm. 

Habitat  :  $  Redington,  Ariz. ;  9  Tucson,  Ariz.  1  $ .  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 


Fig.   10 
Uncus  of  H.  furculoides 


34 


The  preceding  species  ends  the  division  of  the  long-palpi  group 
with  bifurcate  Uncus ;  the  following  species  have  a  simple  narrow  point- 
ed Uncus  and  show  great  similarity  in  general  type  of  genitalia  to  the 
albifasciata  group  of  short-palpi  species  where  we  imagine  their  real 
relationship  will  be  found  to  exist. 

Hydriomena  speciosata  Pack.     (Pi.  V,  Figs.  11-14;  PI.  X,  Fig.  3). 

We  have  nothing  further  to  add  to  Mr.  Swett's  treatment  of  this 
species  (C.  Ent.  47,  p.  9)  which  is  readily  recognizable;  the  Uncus  is 
short  with  a  moderately  broad  base  and  the  Aedoeagus  is  armed  with  a 
bunch  of  long  spines. 

We  have  before  us  a  small  series  of  specimens  from  Arizona 
which  appears  to  be  a  race  of  this  species ;  in  general  color  they 
approach  closer  to  the  form  taylori  Swett  than  to  the  typical  form,  one 
of  the  9  's  however  showing  a  considerable  amount  of  green ;  the 
race  is  characterized  by  the  reduction  of  the  cross  bands  4  and  5  (post- 
median  and  subterminal)  ;  tlie  former  is  closer  to  the  latter  than  is  usu- 
ally found  in  the  typical  form,  leaving  the  median  space  broader ;  it  is 
also  rather  evenly  dentate  or  crenulate,  especially  below  the  costa,  a 
feature  which  occasionally  is  found  in  the  type  form  but  which  is 
usually  hidden  in  the  broad  blotches.  The  Uncus  has  the  basal  portion 
rather  less  broad,  the  whole  organ  gradually  and  evenly  tapering, 
whereas  in  the  type  form  the  broad  base  is  rather  sharply  separated 
from  the  narrow  apical  section ;  the  spines  on  the  Aedoeagus  seem  to 
show  a  difTerent  arrangement  but  this  may  not  be  constant  in  a  series 
of  slides.  We  propose  for  this  race  the  name  morosata,  our  types 
being  5  3,3  2  from  Redington,  Arizona,  one  of  the  former  in  the 
Collection  of  the  American  Museum. 

Hydriomena  barnes.^ta  Swett.     (PI.  V,  Fig.  10;  PI.  X,  Fig.  5). 

The  type  of  genitalia  shows  that  this  species  is  correctly  placed 
next  to  speciosata;  the  narrow  portion  of  the  Uncus  is  considerably 
longer  than  in  speciosata  and  the  armature  of  the  Aedoeagus  consists 
of  a  small  patch  of  minute  spines,  otherwise  the  genitalia  are  very 
similar.  The  species  seems  to  be  widely  distributed  in  Southern 
Arizona ;  we  have  it  from  various  localities  in  Cochise  Co.,  from  the 
White  Mts.  and  also  from  Ft.  Wingate,  N.  Mexico,  all  our  dated 
material  having  been  taken  in  June  or  July. 


35 

Hydriomena  regulata  Pearsall.     (PI.  VI,  Fig.  15). 

We  do  not  know  this  species  but  have  received  through  the  kind- 
ness of  the  authorities  of  the  American  Museum  photographs  of  the 
types,  one  of  which  we  publish ;  Mr.  Watson  informs  us  that  these 
types  are  two  9  's,  not  S  's  as  stated  in  the  original  description. 
Judging  by  the  photographs  the  species  must  be  intermediate  between 
siinilaris  Hist,  and  the  Arizona  race  of  spcciosata,  differing  from  both 
apparently  in  the  maculation  of  the  basal  portion  of  the  abdomen ;  on 
account  of  the  obscure  maculation  it  is  rather  difficult  to  place  from 
a  study  of  the  figure  alone  and  we  must  await  the  receipt  of  more 
material  before  definitely  deciding  its  position. 

Hydriomena  similaris  Hist,     (glciiwoodata  Swett.)      (PI.  VI.  Figs. 

1.  2;  Pi.  X,  Fig.  4). 

The  type  of  genitalia  shows  that  the  species  should  be  associated 
with  spcciosata  rather  than  placed  in  the  moderate  palpi  group ;  the 
Uncus  is  considerably  broader  than  in  either  of  the  two  preceding 
species  and  is  merely  bluntly  pointed,  not  tapering  to  a  fine  point;  the 
Aedoeagus  is  very  heavily  armed  with  spines  and  hooks  and  the  prox- 
imal portion  is  drawn  out  to  a  rather  lengthy  point,  a  quite  unique 
feature  in  the  group. 

Our  recently  described  species,  termiiiipunctata,  proves  to  be  a 
race  of  this  species,  characterized  by  its  much  paler  color  and  better 
defined  markings  as  well  as  by  the  strong  whitish  terminal  streaks  of 
secondaries  which  in  the  typical  form  are  merely  very  faintly  indicated. 

We  have  the  type  form  from  Colorado  (Glenwood  Spgs.),  New 
Mexico  (Jemez  Spgs.)  and  Arizona  (Pinal  Mts.)  taken  in  June  and 
July ;  the  race  terminipimctata  from  Stockton,  Utah. 

HYDRIOMENA  CYRIADES  DrUCC.       (PI.  VI,  Fig.  8). 

We  have  already  recorded  what  appears  to  be  this  species  from 
Tucson,  Ariz.  (Contr.  Ill,  p.  23)  ;  if  our  identification  be  correct  the 
species  will  fall  into  this  group  the  Uncus  being  pointed  much  as  in 
speciosata. 

The  remaining  three  species  show  no  very  close  relationship  to 
any  of  the  preceding  groups;  as  they  are  all  found  in  Arizona  it  is 
probable  that  their  affinities  will  be  with  Mexican  species  rather  than 
with  the  more  northern  forms.     In  mcdiodcntata  the  palpi  are  decidedly 


36 


short;  in  the  other  two  species  they  are  moderately  long  but  shorter 
than  in  speciosata. 

Hydriomena  mediodentata  B.  &  Mc.D.     (PI.  VI,  Fig.  3). 

This  obscure  species  has  the  basal  portion  of  the  Uncus  rather 
broad  with  two  stout  curved  hooks,  broaden- 
ening  apically,  projecting  downward  from  its 
under  surface.     Apart  from  the    9    type  and 
g<Y,'-'-''.«':5^  the  single     <J     specimen  mentioned  in  Contr. 

Ill,  22,  we  have  seen  no  other  specimens  of 

Fig.   11 
Uncus  of  H.  mediodentata  the  SpCcicS. 

Hydriomena  costipunctata  B.  &  McD. 

This  species  has  nothing  whatever  to  do 
with  speciosata  as  suggested  by  Mr.  Swett  (C. 
Ent.  47,  p.  10) ;  the  Uncus,  as  may  be  seen 
from  our  drawing,  is  of  a  totally  different 
shape.  We  have  seen  no  material  other  than 
the  types;  our  figure  (Contr.  I,  (5)  PI.  II, 
Fig.  14)  should  render  the  species  easily 
recognizable. 

Hydriomena  magnificata  Tayl.     (PI.  \T,  Fig.  9). 


Flc.    12 
Uncus   of   H.    L'ostit^unctata 


Apart  from  the  type  specimen  we  have 
two  specimens  in  the  Collection  from  Palmer- 
lee,  Ariz.  (April)  one  of  them,  which  we  fig- 
ure, exceptionally  perfect ;  the  Uncus  is  very 
long  and  spoon-shaped. 


Fig.   13 
Uncus  of  //.  niagniticata 


In  conclusion  we  offer  the  following  arrangement  of  the  species  of 
this  group  to  supplant  that  of  our  Check  List. 

Genus  Hydriomena  Hbn. 
*     1     furcata  Thun. 
clutata  Hbn. 
form  fuscoundata  Don. 
form  periclata  Swett. 


37 


2  qiiinquefasciata  Pack, 
form  viridata  Pack. 

3  albifasciata  Pack, 
form  resecta  Szi'ett. 

form  puncticaudata  B.  &  McD. 
a  victoria  B.  &  McD. 
b  reflata  Grt. 
abacta  Hist. 

4  cochizeata  Sivett. 
form  swetti  B.  &  McD. 

5  nubilofasciata  Pack. 

Ibanavahrata  Strkr. 
form  raptata  Sivett. 
form  cupidata  Sivctt. 
form  cumulata  Sivett. 
form  vulnerata  Sxvett. 
form  sparsimacula  Hist. 
?a  scalata  JVarr. 

6  manzanita  Tayl. 

7  tuoluinne  B.  &  McD. 

8  exculpata  B.  &  McD. 
form  tribulata  B.  &  McD. 

9  henshawi  Swett. 
10.    Shasta  B.  6- McD. 
11     irata  Swctt. 

form  niveifascia  Swctt. 
**  12     frigidata  Wlk. 

form  manitoba  B.  &McD. 

13  transfigurata  Swett. 

14  perfracta  Swett. 

a  exasperata  B.  &  McD. 

15  marinata  B.  ^  A/r£>. 

16  arizonata  B.  &  McD. 

17  obliquilinea  B.  &  McD. 

18  marmorata  B.  &  McD. 

19  sierrae  B.  &  McD. 

20  pluviata  Gn. 

divisaria  Wlk. 


38 


21 

remiiiciata  JVlk. 

a  columbiata  Tayl. 

form  pernigrata  B.  &  McD 

22 

crokeri  Swett. 

23 

miiscata  B.  &  McD. 

24 

calif orniata  Pack. 

***  25 

bistriolata  Zell. 

a  modestata  B.  &  McD. 

26 

chiricahuata  Swett. 

27 

ruberata  Frey. 

form  variegata  Front. 

a  nevadae  B.  &  McD. 

28 

furculoides  B.  &  McD. 

29 

glaucata  Fack. 

30 

edenata  Szvett. 

a  olivata  fVgt. 

form  pallidata  H'gt. 

b  grandis  B.  &  McD. 

31 

speciosata  Fack. 

form  agassizi  Swett. 

form  taylori  Swett. 

form  ameliata  Swett. 

a  morosata  B.  &  McD. 

32 

barnesata  Sivett. 

33 

regulata  Fears. 

34 

similaris  Hist. 

glcmvoodata  Swett. 

a  terminipunctata  B.  &  McD. 

35 

cyriades  Druce. 

36 

mediodentata  B.  &  McD. 

37 

costipunctata  B.  &  McD. 

38 

magnificata  Tayl. 

40 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig, 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

IS. 

PLATE  I 

H.  furcata  T/nm.      S      Duncans,  Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 

H.  furcata  Tliun.      9      Wellington,  B.  C. 

H.  furcata  TIntn.  (dark  form)      i      Duncans,  Vane.  Is.,  B.  C, 

H.  furcata  Tliiiii.      $      Hymers,  Ont. 

H.  furcata  Thtin.      $      Calgary,  Alta. 

H.  furcata  Thun.  (dark  form)       $      Shasta  Retreat.  Siskiyou  Co.. 

Calif. 
H.  quinquefasciata  Pack.      $      Victoria,  B.  C. 
H.  quinquefasciata  Pack.      9      Victoria,  B.  C. 
H.  quinquefasciata  form  viridata  Pack.      $      Victoria,  B.  C. 
H.  albifasciata  Pack.      $      San  Gabriel  Mts.,  Calif. 
H.  albifasciata  form  puncticaudata  B.  &  McD.      S  ,  Paratype 

Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 
H.  albifasciata  victoria  B.  &  McD.      <J  ,    Type     Victoria,  B.  C. 
H.  albifasciata  reflata  Grt.      $      Palmerlee,  .\riz. 
H.  albifasciata  reflata  Grt.     (banded  form)       i      Palmerlee,  Ariz. 
H.  albifasciata  victoria  B.  &  McD.      5i   Paratype     Victoria,  B.  C. 


Plate  I 


(Sf>^ 


^TOft^ 


tk.^'f 


k^. 


i     J 


N^ 


^-.  »  -^ 


%|i%i5i(;ss.w 


1 


42 


Fig, 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

15. 

PLATE  II 

H.  cochizeata  Swett      S      Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

H.  cochizeata  Swett      9      Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

H.  cochizeata  form  swetti  B.  &  McD.      $ ,   Type     Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

H.  nubilofasciata  Pack.      S      Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 

H.  nubilofasciata  Pack.      9      Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 

H.  nubilofasciata  form  cumulata  Swett      $      San  Gabriel  Mts ,  Calif. 

H.  nubilofasciata  form  vulnerata  Swett      S      Oakland,  Calif. 

H.  nubilofasciata  form  vulnerata  Swett      9      Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 

H.  henshawi  Swett      $      Deer  Park,  Placer  Co.,  Calif. 

H.  manzanita  Tayl.      3      Duncans,  Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 

H.  manzanita  Tayl.      9      Duncans,  Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 

H.  irata  Swett      S      Victoria,  B.  C. 

H.  tuolumne  B.  &  McD.      S,    Paratype     S.  Bernardino  Mts.,  Calif. 

H.  tuolumne  B.  &  McD.      9,   Type     Tuolumne  Meadows,  Calif. 

H.  irata  Swett      9      Wellington,  B.  C. 


Platk  II 


% 


Kj^. 


<?S4 


-  %' 


^i^{|f 


m^^    ^% 


^^^^^ 


%%^ 


.^ 


;r 


-*j^. 


..y-.J 


'^JT 


s^     ■  V 


44 


PLATE  III 

Fig.     1,  H.  exculpata  B.  &■  McD.      $,    Type     Ketchikan,  Alaska. 

Fig.    2.  H.  exculpata  B.  &  McD.      9,   Type     Ketchikan,  Alaska. 

Fig.    3.  H.  exculpata  form  tribulata    B.  &  McD.      $,   Type     Ketchikan, 

Alaska. 

Fig.    4.  H.  Shasta  B.  &  McD.      $,  Type     Mt.  Shasta,  Calif. 

Fig.    5.  H.  edenata  Swell  (?)       S      Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 

Fig.    6.  H.  edenata  Swett  (?)      S      Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 

Fig.    7.  H.  edenata  Swett  (?)       9      Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 

Fig.    8.  H.  edenata  Swett      S      Monterey  Co.,  Calif. 

Fig.    9.  H.  edenata  grandis  B.  &  McD.      9,   Type     Victoria,  B.  C. 

Fig.  10.  H.  arizonata  B.  &  McD.      $,    Type     Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

Fig.  11.  H.  obliquilinea  B.  &  McD.      9      Type    Vineyard,  Utah. 

Fig.  12.  H.  frigidata  Wlk.      5      Decatur,  111. 

Fig.  13.  H.  frigidata  manitoba  B.  &  McD.      $,   Type     Cartwright,  Man. 

Fig.  14.  H.  frigidata  manitoba  B.  &  McD.      9,    Type     Cartwright,  Man. 

Fig.  15.  H.  transfigurata  Swett      S,  Paratype     Cohasset,  Mass. 


I'LATK     III 


^.iC%^ 


^ii^^ivSg 


-^ 


y^ 


fr') 


u. 


W|«r 


.--J^ 
W 


v-ja%^C^ 


w 


i 


•^^ 


46 


PLATE  IV 

Fig.     1.     H.  perfracta  Swett      $      Calgary,  Alta. 

Fig.     2.     H.  perfracta  exasperata  B.  &■  McD.      $ ,  Type     Departure  Bay, 

Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 
Fig.    3.     H.  marmorata  B.  &  McD.      S.  Type  (Col).  Am.  Mus.)  Sierra 

Nevada  Mts.,  Calif. 
Fig.    4.     H.  sierrae  B.  &  McD.      S,    Type     Shasta  Retreat,  Siskiyou  Co., 

Calif. 
Fig.    5.     H.  sierrae  B.  &  McD.      9 ,  Type     Shasta  Retreat,  Siskiyou  Co., 

Calif. 
Fig.    6.     H.  irata  jorm  niveifascia  Swell      $,  Type    (Coll.   Swett)     Vane.   Is., 

B.  C. 
H.  pluviata  Gn.      $      Catskill  Mts.,  N.Y. 
H.  pluviata  Gn.      9      Catskill  Mts.,  N.Y. 
H.  museata  B.  &  McD.      $,  Type     Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 
H.  renuneiata  Wlk.      S      Bretton  Woods,  N.  H. 
H.  renuneiata  Wlk.      9      Bretton  Woods,  N.  H. 
H.  eolumbiata  form  pernigrata     S ,  Type    Glacier  Park,  Mont. 
H.  renuneiata  eolumbiata  Tayl.      S ,  Type     Wellington,  B.  C. 
H.  renuneiata  eolumbiata  Tayl.      9      Ketehikan,  Alaska. 
H.  erokeri  Swett      9      Victoria,  B.  C. 


Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

15. 

1  Vatic  I\' 


% 


'f 


'"^Mi^^ 


^^.  .-^: 


^^j 


^  ,?'■ 


liW?r^ 


%     ■ 


??«^ 


V/>-^-vt' 


■r 


48 


PLATE  V 

Fig.  1.  H.  calif orniata  Pack.      S      Wellington,  B.  C. 

Fig.  2.  H.  californiata  Pack.      9      Duncans,  Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 

Fig.  3.  H.  bistriolata  Zell.      $      Decatur,  III. 

Fig.  4.  H.  bistriolata  modestata  B.  &  McD.      9,  Type     Glenwood  Spgs., 

Colo. 

Fig.  5.  H.  chiricahuata  Swett      S      Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

Fig.  6.  H.  ruberata  nevadae  B.  &  McD.      $ ,  Type     Verdi,  Nev, 

Fig.  7.  H.  ruberata  Prey.      S      Cartwright,  Man. 

Fig.  8.  H.  ruberata  Prey,  (dull  form)      S      Meach  Lake,  Que. 

Fig.  9.  H.  ruberata  nevadae  B.  &  McD.      9      Paratype    Verdi,  Nev. 

Fig.  10.  H.  barnesata  Swett      S      Paradise,  Ariz. 

Fig.  11.  H.  speciosata  Pack.      S      Wellington,  B.  C. 

Fig.  12.  H.  speciosata  form  taylori  Swett      $      Departure  Bay,  B.  C. 

Fig.  13.  H.  speciosata  morosata  B.  &  McD.      $,  Type     Redington,   Ariz. 

Fig.  14.  H.  speciosata  morosata  B.  &  McD.      9,  Type     Redington,   Ariz. 

Fig.  IS.  H.  furculoides  B.  <S-  MfZ).      $,    Type    Redington,  Ariz. 


Pr.ATE    \' 


%i^    I    -^ 


7 


feS^^ 


Vj;^, 


l^>. 


4^^^Mt^^ 


.-Ir 


50 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

s. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

15. 

Fig. 

16. 

PLATE  VI 

H.  similis  Hist.      £      Jemez  Spgs.,  N.  M. 
H.  similis  Hist.      9      Jemez  Spgs.,   N.  M. 
H.  niediodeiitata  B.  &  McD.      S      Palmerlee,  Ariz. 
H.  glaiicata  Pack.      9      San  Gabriel  Mts.,  Calif. 

H.  edenata  olivata  U'gt.      S,  Cotype  (Coll.  Swett)     San  Diego,  Calif. 
H.  marinata  B.  &  McD.      3,  Type     Verdi,   Nev. 
H.  olivata  forw  pallidata  IVqt.      3 , Cotype  (Coll.  Swett)     San  Diego, 

Calif. 
H.  cyriades  Druce      S      Tucson,  Ariz. 
H.  magnificata  Tayl.      S      Palmerlee,  Ariz. 
H.  quinquef asciata  Pack.      9 ,  Type     (Coll.  Camb.  Mus.  Comp. 

Anat.) 
H.  viridata  Pack.      9.  Type     (Coll.  Camb.  Mius.  Comp.  Anat.) 
H.  henshawi  Sivctt      9,  Type     (Coll.  Camb.  Mus.  Comp.  Anat.) 
H.  perfracta  Swell.      $,  Type     (Coll.  Camb.  Mus.  Comp.  Anat.) 
H.  edenata  Szwtt      9,  Type     (Coll.  Camb.  Mus.  Comp.  Anat.) 
H.  regulata  Pears.      9,  Type      (Coll.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.) 
H.  divisaria  H7*.      5 ,  Type     (Coll.  Ont.  Agr.  Coll.  Guelph) 


Plate  "V^l 


if^'f 


^^cv.^.^ 


m« 


V 


Ti 


52 


PLATE  VII 

Fig.  1.  Male  Genitalia  of  H.  /«rfa/a. Thun.    Wellington,  B.  C. 

Fig.  2.  Male  Genitalia  of  H.  viridata  Pack.    Victoria,  B.  C. 

Fig.  3.  Male  Genitalia  of  H.  albifasciata  victoria  B.  &  McD.    Victoria,  B.  C. 

Fig.  4.  Male  Genitalia  of  H.  albifasciata  reflata  Grt.     Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

Fig.  5.  Male  Genitalia  of  H.  cochiseala  Swett     Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

Fig.  6.  Male  Genitalia  of  H.  nubilofasciata  Pack.     Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 


Plate  VTI 


54 


PLATE  VIII 

Fig.     1.    Male  Genitalia  of  H.  mamaiiita  Tayl.    Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 

Fig     2     Male  Genitalia  of  H.  tuolumne  B.  &  McD.   Tuolumne  Meadows, 

Calif. 
Fig.     3.     Male  Genitalia  of  //.  exculpata  B.  &  McD.     Ketchikan,  Alaska. 
Fig.    4.     Male  Genitalia  of  H.  irala  Szvetl    Victoria,  B.  C. 
Fig.    5.     Male  Genitalia  of  H.  frigidata  Wlk.     New  Brighton,  Pa. 
FiK     6     Male  Genitalia  of  H.  perfracta  exasperata   B.  &  McD.     Wellington, 

B.  C. 
FiK     7     Male  Genitalia  of  H.  marmorala  B.  &  McD.    Sierra  Nevada  Mts., 

Calif. 
Fig.    8.    Male  Genitalia  of  H.  sierrae  B.  &  McD.    Cisco,  Placer  Co.,  Calif. 


IVatk  \'I1I 


56 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

PLATE  IX 

Male  Genitalia  of  H.  phtviata  Gn.    Catskill  Mts.,  N.  Y. 

Male  Genitalia  of  H.  renunciata  IVtk.    Hymers,  Ont. 

Male  Genitalia  of  H.  crokeri  Swett    Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 

Male  Genitalia  of  H.  muscata  B.  &  McD.     Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 

Male  Genitalia  of  H.  bistriolata  modestata   B.   &   McD.    Glenwood 

Spgs..  Colo. 
Male  Genitalia  of  H.  ruberata  Frey.    Cartwright,  Man. 
Male  Genitalia  of  H.  ruberata  nevadae  B.  &  McD.    Cisco,  Placer  Co., 

Calif. 


Plate  IX 


58 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

PLATE  X 

Male  Genitalia  of  H.  cdenata  Swett.     Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 
Male  Genitalia  of  H.  calif orniata  Pack.    Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 
Male  Genitalia  of  H.  si'cciosata  Pack.    Vane  Is.,  B.  C. 
Male  Genitalia  of  H.  similis  Hist.    Jemez  Spgs.,  N.  M. 
Male  Genitalia  of  H.  boniesala  Swett.    White  Mts.,  Ariz. 


ri.ATi:  x 


INDEX 


Page 

abacta  Hist 11 

albifasciata  Pack 10 

arizonata  B.  &  McD 20 

autumnalis  Strom 2■^ 

banavahrata  Stkr 12 

barnesata  SwctI   34 

bistriolata  Zcll 28 

californiata  Paik 26 

chiricahiiata  Swcft   20,  29 

cochizeata  Swctt  11 

coenilata  Fabr 24 

columbiata  Tayl 25 

costipunctata  B.  &  McD 36 

crokeri  Szvelt  26 

cyriades  Druce  35 

divisaria  Wlk 24 

edenata  Swett   31 

exasperata  B.  &  McD 19 

exculpata  B.  S-  McD 14 

frigidata  IVlk 17 

furcata  Thiiii 7 

furculoides  B.  &  McD 3.^ 

fiiscoundata  Don 8 

glaucata  Pack 31 

glenwoodata  Swctt 35 

grandis  B.  &  McD 33 

henshawi  Swell  IS 

irata  Swett  16 

magnificata   Tayl 36 

manitoba  B,  &  McD 17 

manzanita   Tayl 12 

marinata  B.  &■  McD 19 

niarmorata  B.  &r  McD 22 

mediodentata  B.  &■  McD 36 

modestata  B.  &  McD 29 


Page 

morosata  B.  &  McD 34 

muscata  B.  &  McD 26 

nevadae  B.  &  McD 30 

nivei  fascia  Swett 16 

nubilofasciata  Pack 12 

obliquilinea  B.  &  McD 21 

obscura  Peyer  8 

olivata  Wc)t 32 

pallidata  Wgt 32 

perf racta  Swett 18 

periclata  Szvett   8 

pernigrata  B.  &  McD 25 

pluviata  Gn 24 

puncticaudata  B.  &  McD 11 

i|iiinqiiefasciata  Pack 8 

reflata  Grt 11 

regulata  Pears 35 

reminciata   Wlk 25 

resecta  Swett  10 

riiberata  Prey 29 

Shasta  B.  &  McD 15 

sierrae  B.  S-  McD 23 

similaris  Hist 35 

sordidata  Fabr 8 

speciosata  Pack 34 

swetti  B.  &  McD 12 

taylori  Swett  34 

terminipunctata  B.  &•  McD 35 

transfigurata  Swett   17 

tribulata  B.  &  McD 14 

tuolumne  B.  &■  McD 13 

variegata  Prout 29 

victoria  B.  &  McD 11 

viridata  Pack 9 


CONTRIBUTIONS 

TO  THE 

NATURAL  HISTORY 

OF  THE 

LEPIDOPTERA 

OF 

NORTH  AMERICA 


VOL.  IV 
No.  2 


NOTES  .'^^Ti^  NEW  SPECIES 

BY 

WILLIAM  BARNES,  S.  B.,  M.  D. 

AND 

J.  H.  McDUNNOUGH,  Ph.  D. 


DECATUR.  ILL. 

THE   REVIEW    PRESS 

MAT  IS.  1918 


Published 

Under  the  Patronage 

of 

Miss  Jessie  D.  Gillett 

Elkhart,  111. 


61 


NOTES  AND  NEW  SPECIES 

PAPILIONIDAE 

Papilio  troilus  ilioneus  a.  &  S. 

A  study  of  Abbot's  figures  of  this  species  (1797,  Lep.  Ins.  Ga. 
PI.  II)  inclines  us  to  the  belief  that  the  specimen  figured  in  the  upper 
left-hand  corner  on  which  the  text  practically  bases  the  name  ilioncns 
is  that  of  the  southern  race  to  which  the  name  texanus  Ehr.  has  been 
generally  applied.  We  would  call  attention  to  the  large  marginal  spots 
extending  to  the  costa  of  primaries  and  preceded  by  a  partial  row  of 
yellow  spots  and  also  to  the  broad  extent  of  the  greenish  area  on  sec- 
ondaries both  of  which  features  are  characteristics  of  the  southern 
race.  The  description  of  troilus  apparently  applies  to  the  northern 
form  and  certainly  Cramer's  figure  (Pap.  Exot.,  Ill,  pi.  207,  B.  C.) 
does,  so  that  by  using  the  name  troilus  for  this  northern  form  the  name 
ilioneus  A.  &  S.  becomes  applicable  for  the  southern  race  with  texanus 
Ehr.  as  a  synonym. 

Parnassius  clodius  Men. 

The  synonymy  of  this  species  must  be  changed  somewhat  from 
the  conception  given  in  our  Check  List.  Mcnetricsi  Hy.  Edw.  has 
been  listed  by  both  Dyar  and  Skinner  as  published  in  1878;  the  species 
was  published  in  Pac.  Coast  Lep.  No.  22  with  the  date  of  Dec.  18th, 
1876;  as  these  articles  were  issued  as  separates  before  the  completion 
of  the  whole  volume  of  the  Proc.  Calif.  Acad,  of  Science  {z'idc  Strecker, 
Cat.  Lep.  N.  Am.,  1878,  p.  225)  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  No.  22 
appeared  early  in  1877  at  least  a  month  or  so  before  the  publication 
of  W.  H.  Edwards'  Catalogue  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  which  prob- 
ably did  not  appear  much  before  April,  1877,  as  it  is  reviewed  in  the 
Can.  Ent.  for  May  of  that  year.  On  page  12  of  this  catalogue  Edwards 
lists  menetriesi  Hy.  Edw.  and  later  in  the  work  mentions  several  others 
of  Hy.  Edwards'  new  species  from  the  same  paper  so  that  it  is  evident 
that  the  article  in  question  was  known  to  him  before  the  issuing  of  his 
Catalogue.  The  name  baldur  proposed  by  him  in  this  catalogue  for  the 
figures  1-4  of  Plate  IV,  Vol.  I  of  his  Butterflies  of  N.  America  is 
therefore  antedated  by  mcnetricsi  Hy.  Edw.  According  to  the  descrip- 
tion the  name  menetriesi  is  based  on  specimens  in  which  both  sexes 


62 

are  very  similar  in  inaculation ;  the  type  localities  mentioned  are  several 
places  in  the  general  vicinity  of  Lake  Tahoe,  Calif.  (Edw.,  Behr)  and 
Mt.  Nebo,  Utah  (Putnam);  judging  by  series  before  us  the  Utah 
form  is  more  or  less  constant,  i.  e.  S  's  and  9  's  closely  resemble 
each  other,  but  in  the  Sierra  Nevadas  of  California  it  is  only  rarely 
that  we  find  a  9  which  is  not  much  more  heavily  marked  than  the 
S  ;  for  this  reason  we  would  restrict  the  name  mcnctricsi  Hy.  Edw. 
to  the  9  from  Utah,  this  type,  ex  Coll.  Am.  Mus.,  being  figured  by 
Skinner  in  Ent.  News  XXVII,  p.  216,  PI.  XII,  Fig.  3.  If  this  be  done 
the  name  baldur  Edw.  with  lusca  Stichel  as  a  synonym  will  be  appli- 
cable to  the  Sierra  Nevada  race  of  smaller  size  than  typical  clodius 
and  with  reduced  ocelli  on  the  secondaries ;  Edwards'  figure  2  is  exactly 
the  same  thing  as  lusca  Stichel,  having  the  lower  ocellus  reduced  to  a 
black  dot. 

The  synonymy  will  then  stand 
clodius  Men.  Coast  Range  of  Calif. 

a  claudianus  Stichel  Wash. ;  Vane.  Is. 

ab.  altaurus  Dyar  Idaho 

/'  gallatinus  St'ich.  Mont. 

(•  baldur  Edw.  Sierra  Nevadas,  Calif. 

lusca  Stich. 
ab.  lorquini  Obcrth. 
d  menetriesi  Hy.  Edw.  Utah. 

ab.  immaculata  Skin. 
The  race  gallatinus  Stich.,  is  imknown  to  us ;  it  is  based  on  the 
S  and  9  figures  of  clodius  in  Elrod's  Butterflies  of  Montana  (p.  16, 
fig.  15)  and  differs  in  having  in  the  S  sex  the  spot  on  inner  margin 
of  primaries  joined  to  the  costal  spots  by  a  black  band;  this  is  prob- 
ably an  individual  aberration,  the  form  otherwise  being  intermediate 
between  claudianus  and  menetriesi. 


63 


PIERIDAE 

PlERIS    NAPI    FRIGIDA    Scild. 

In  our  Contributions  Vol.  Ill,  p.  58,  we  referred  to  this  race 
as  the  spring  form  of  acadica  Edw.  and  figured  our  conception  of  fri- 
gida  on  PI.  VII,  Figs.  1,  2.  This  identification  was  based  on  two  Lab- 
rador specimens  in  the  Scudder  Collection,  evidently  the  2  $'s  men- 
tioned by  W.  H.  Edwards  in  his  article  on  P.  napi  (1881,  Pap.  I,  pp. 
92/3)  and  with  which  our  figured  specimen  (fig.  1)  agreed  exactly. 

A  recent  visit  to  Cambridge,  combined  with  a  careful  study  of 
Scudder's  original  description  and  the  discovery  in  the  main  collection 
of  a  specimen  under  the  name  frigida  labelled  "Labrador,  Packard", 
has  led  us  to  the  conviction  that  the  2  5  's  in  the  Scudder  collection 
cannot  be  considered  as  types  or  as  even  typical  of  frigida. 

Scudder's  original  description  was  drawn  up  ostensibly  from  2 
S  's  and  2  9  's  collected  on  Caribou  Is.  Straits  of  Belle  Isle  by  Prof. 
A.  S.  Packard ;  it  is  therefore  reasonable  to  suppose  that  the  specimen 
labelled  "Labrador,  Packard"  in  the  main  Cambridge  Collection  is 
at  least  one  of  the  type  lot,  especially  as  it  agrees  far  better  with  Scud- 
der's rather  vague  description  than  do  the  2  cj  's  in  the  Scudder  col- 
lection which  further  show  no  evidence  on  the  label  of  having  been 
received  from  Packard.  This  Packard  specimen  is  labelled  $  but 
seemed  to  us  to  be  a  9  although  the  abdomen  is  so  badly  crushed 
that  with  a  low  power  lens  (the  only  one  available)  it  was  impossible 
to  definitely  determine  the  sex. 

A  study  of  the  original  description  has  shown  several  points  of 
discrepancy  between  the  text  and  the  so-called  frigida  specimens  of 
the  Scudder  collection ;  in  the  first  place  the  under  surface  of  the 
wings  is  given  as  "dirty-white,  tinted  with  very  pale  greenish  yellow" 
whereas  Scudder's  S  's  and  our  series  from  Newfoundland  show  a 
rather  brilliant  yellow  coloration  on  secondaries  and  at  apex  of  pri- 
maries ;  they  further  show  on  upper  side  of  primaries  considerable 
apical  dark  suffusion,  (usually  more  so  than  in  our  figured  $  )  and 
the  9  's  have  the  two  subterminal  round  spots  of  primaries  fairly 
well  developed  ;  none  of  these  latter  points  are  mentioned  in  the  descrip- 
tion and  indeed  the  fact  that  Scudder  compares  frigida  to  olcracea 


64 

would  presuppose  tlie  absence  of  these  characters  unless  specially  men- 
tioned. 

Packard's  Labrador  ?  on  the  other  hand  bears  out  excellently 
the  characters  given  by  Scudder ;  the  underside  is  worn  but  is,  as 
stated,  dirty  white  with  a  yellowish  tinge;  we  imagine  fresher  speci- 
mens will  show  a  coloration  much  as  in  typical  olcracca.  The  bases  of 
the  wings  above  are  heavily  black-shaded,  the  veins  are  also  partially 
outlined  in  black  at  outer  margin  and  there  is  considerable  smoky 
suffusion  on  the  wing  causing  that  "green  appearance"  mentioned 
by  Scudder  and  suggesting  a  bryoniac  form  without  the  two  black 
subterminal  round  spots.  Scudder  lays  a  good  deal  of  stress  in  his 
description  on  wing-shape  of  secondaries  as  compared  with  olcracea 
and  the  fact  that  the  black  costal  edge  of  primaries  extends  in  frigida 
further  around  the  outer  margin  but  we  must  confess  these  are  points 
of  which  we  can  make  nothing  from  a  specific  standpoint. 

In  the  light  of  the  above  remarks  we  believe  we  are  justified  in 
accepting  the  single  9  labelled  "Labrador,  Packard"  as  a  type  (or 
at  least  as  typical)  of  frigida  Scud.,  the  other  three  original  specimens 
having  apparently  vanished  from  Scudder's  ken  before  1881  and  been 
replaced  by  the  2  S's  mentioned  by  him  to  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards  on 
this  date  (Pap.  L  P-  93)  which  seemingly  also  served  for  the  errone- 
ous description  of  frigida  given  in  the  Butt.  New  Eng.  Vol.  H,  p.  1193. 

The  acceptance  of  this  type  of  frigida  will  somewhat  alter  the  con- 
ception of  the  race  and  make  it  much  closer  to  olcracea  Harr.  and 
pscudonapi  B.  &  McD.  with  possibly  borealis  Grt.  as  a  synonym.  We 
must  await  material  from  Labrador  before  definitely  placing  it  but 
would  note  that  Verity's  figure  (Rhop.  Pal.  PI.  XXXH,  Fig.  8)  prob- 
ably approaches  the  true  frigida  very  closely,  although  the  secondaries 
in  this  figure  appear  rather  too  yellow ;  in  the  light  of  this  figure  we 
believe  his  remarks  on  p.  333  to  be  entirely  correct. 

PlERIS    NAPI    MARGINALIS    Scud. 

The  original  description  of  this  race  calls  for  a  S  type  from  the 
Gulf  of  Georgia  and  a  2  specimen  from  Crescent  City,  Calif.,  stat- 
ing that  "males  and  females  are  alike  in  their  markings."  These  speci- 
mens, collected  by  Prof.  Agassiz,  are  in  the  Cambridge  Museum;  the 
so-called  9  from  Crescent  City  proves  to  be  a  $  which  accounts 
for  the  extraordinary  statement  as  to  the  similarity  of  the  sexes;  the 
($     is  simply  labelled  "Washington  Terr.,  Agassiz"  and  was  presum- 


65 

ably  taken  at  Port  Townsend,  at  which  locality  Agassiz  collected  most 
of  his  material  labelled  "Gulf  of  Georgia."  These  two  types  bear 
out  completely  our  remarks  on  the  race  in  our  Contributions  Vol.  Ill 
(2)  p.  58  and  make  it  a  mystery  how  Scudder  could  ever  have  later 
referred  the  form  to  rapae.  Our  remarks  on  pallida  Scud,  in  the  same 
article  are  also  substantiated  by  the  types  which  still  exist  in  the  Cam- 
bridge Museum. 

For  some  reason  or  other  ibcridis  Bdv.  (1869,  Lep.  Cal.  p.  39)  has 
been  omitted  from  all  our  recent  catalogues  and  lists;  the  9  type  is 
figured  by  Verity  (Rhop.  Pal.  PI.  XXXII,  Fig.  43)  and  proves  the 
species  to  be  an  exact  synonym  of  castoria  Reak.  Rcscdac  Bdv.  at 
present  listed  as  a  further  synonym  was  based  on  a  yellowish-colored 
specimen  stated  by  Boisduval  to  be  a  9  but  figured  by  Verity  as  a  5 
(1.  c.  PI.  XXXIII,  fig.  3) ;  we  believe  the  name  should  supplant  flava 
Edw.,  based  on  a  yellowish  9  of  pallida  from  Washington  State ;  the 
difference  between  the  forms  pallida  from  northern  Washington  and 
B.  C.  and  castoria  from  Middle  California,  consisting  as  it  does  in  the 
presence  of  a  dark  subterminal  spot  on  primaries  in  the  $  of  the 
latter  race,  is  so  slight  and  apparently  so  inconstant  that  we  believe 
one  name  for  the  yellow  form  of  both  these  so-called  races  will  suffice ; 
this  yellow  form  also,  we  might  note,  occurs  in  the  spring  races,  niar- 
ginalis  and  I'ciiosa. 

EURYMUS   OCCIDENTALIS    Scud. 

This  species  has  caused  entomologists  a  good  deal  of  perplexity ; 
it  was  originally  described  (1861,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  p.  109)  from 
2  S  ,  3  9  ,  Gulf  of  Georgia  (Agassiz)  ;  Fort  Simpson,  British  Amer- 
ica (W.  H.  Edwards).  Hagen  later  (1882,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.  p. 
164)  gives  further  details  concerning  these  types  and  we  find  that  of 
the  five  original  specimens  1  $  and  2  9  collected  by  Agassiz  near 
Port  Townsend,  Wash.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Georgia  (thus  giving  a  definite 
locality  for  Agassiz's  material  labelled  "Gulf  of  Georgia")  were  in 
the  Cambridge  Museum  and  that  the  other  S  and  9  from  Fort 
Simpson  were  presumably  in  the  W.  H.  Edwards'  Collection.  We 
have  recently  examined  the  types  in  Cambridge  and  concur  absolutely 
with  Dr.  Hagen  (1.  c.  p.  164)  in  referring  the  9  's  to  the  white  form 
of  curytheme  Bdv. ;  the  single  $  specimen  comes  extremely  close  to 
a  specimen  of  chrysomclas  Hy.  Edw.  from  California  labelled  by  Ed- 
wards himself  and  presumably  the  specimen  referred  to  by  Hagen  on 


66 

p.  170  of  his  article;  it  agrees  in  size,  width  of  dark  border,  and  the 
fact  that  the  dark  sufifusion  on  secondaries  extends  over  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  wing.  Henry  Edwards,  basing  his  knowledge  of  occi- 
dentalis  Scud,  on  the  types  in  the  W.  H.  Edwards'  Collection  from 
Mackenzie  River,  {vide  Pac.  Coast  Lep.  p.  125)  considered  chrys- 
ontelas  a  distinct  species;  just  what  species  these  Edwards'  specimens 
represent  it  is  hard  to  say  and  we  have  no  further  note  on  the  speci- 
mens except  that  they  exist  at  Pittsburg  in  the  Carnegie  Museum;  if 
however  Edwards'  figures  of  occidentalis  (Butt.  N.  Am.  I.  Colias,  VII, 
figs.  1-4)  are  drawn  up  from  these  types  then  they  certainly,  as  Hagen 
says  (1.  c.  p.  165)  represent  something  quite  different  from  the  S 
type  in  Cambridge  and  do  not  agree  well  with  Scudder's  original 
description,  notably  in  the  small  amount  of  black  suffusion  on  sec- 
ondaries of  $  ;  Scudder  distinctly  states  that  "grayish  scales  are 
scattered  over  nearly  the  whole  wing,  more  profuse  at  base" ;  the 
interior  margin  of  the  black  terminal  band  also  does  not  coincide 
with  Scudder's  figure  (1.  c.  p.  107)  nor  is  the  color  of  the  underside 
of  secondaries  deep  enough  yellow ;  judging  from  the  mere  figures 
we  should  suggest  that  Edwards'  $  occidentalis  comes  very  close 
to  some  Calgary  specimens  of  interior  before  us  whilst  his  9  is  prob- 
ably referable  to  a  yellow  form  of  Christina  Edw.  In  view  of  the  dis- 
crepancies which  exist  between  Edwards'  figures  of  occidentalis  (pre- 
sumably based  on  his  knowledge  of  the  species  from  his  Mackenzie 
river  types)  and  the  original  description  we  believe  we  are  justified 
in  restricting  the  type  of  this  species  to  the  $  specimen  in  Cambridge 
from  Port  Townsend,  Gulf  of  Georgia  (Agassiz)  which  fully  agrees 
with  Scudder's  diagnosis ;  the  exact  relationship  between  occidentalis 
and  chrysoniclas  will  have  to  be  left  for  discussion  until  such  a  time 
as  good  series  of  occidentalis  in  both  sexes  are  available  from  Port 
Townsend ;  we  might  note  that  the  Vancouver  Is.  form  which  we  have 
been  inclined  to  associate  with  this  name  (1916,  Contr.  Ill,  (2)  pp.  67, 
68)  is  slightly  smaller  than  Scudder's  type  but  otherwise  close  in  gen- 
eral maculation  and  habitus. 

EURYMUS    INTERIOR    Scud. 

Dr.  Hagen  has  already  given  full  details  regarding  the  types  of 
this  species  (1.  c.  p.  159) ;  the  type  at  Cambridge  is  labelled  "Rapids 
of  Saskatchewan"  and  other  specimens  bear  the  label  "Portage."    The 


67 

types  of  latirentina  from  Cape  Breton  Is.  (Thaxter),  also  in  the  Cam- 
bridge Museum,  are  considerably  smaller  than  those  of  interior  and 
show  a  rather  broader  black  border ;  they  appear  to  represent  a  slightly 
modified  racial  form  of  interior. 

EUREMA   LISA    Bdv.    &    LcC. 

In  Dyar's  list  and  in  our  own  Check  List,  following  Godman  and 
Salvin  (Biol.  Cent.  Am.  Rhop.,  II,  162),  this  species  has  been  made 
a  synonym  of  eutcrpe  Men.  (1832,  Bull.  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  Mosc.  199) ; 
this  is  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  these  authors  have  accepted  the 
date  of  the  title  page  (1833)  of  the  Lep.  Am.  Sept.  as  that  of  the  whole 
work  whereas  this  work  was  issued  in  parts  commencing  in  1829 
{vide  Hagen.  Bibl.  Ent.  p.  64).  Scudder  in  the  introduction  to  his 
Historical  Sketch  (p.  98)  states  that  he  has  taken  the  dates  of  those 
of  Boisduval's  works  which  appeared  in  "livraisons"  from  the  official 
literary  bulletin  published  at  that  time  in  Paris  and  that  they  can  be 
relied  on  for  accuracy;  as  he  gives  the  date  of  the  genus  Xaiithidia 
as  1829-30  and  also  mentions  the  genus  Callidryas  (which  appeared  a 
number  of  pages  later)  under  the  same  date  we  may  conclude  that 
the  name  lisa  (Lep.  Am.  Sept.  p.  55)  dates  at  the  latest  from  1830  and 
therefore  has  priority  over  euterpe  Men. 


68 


SATYRIDAE 

Genus  Oeneis. 

Our  grouping  of  the  species  of  this  genus  in  our  Check  List 
was  more  or  less  tentative,  especially  in  the  oeno-semidea  group;  in 
general  we  adhered  to  W.  H.  Edwards'  arrangement  as  expressed  in 
J.  B.  Smith's  list  of  1903,  but  we  felt  that  considerable  study  was 
necessary  before  arriving  at  any  definite  conclusion.  Recently  we  have 
worked  over  the  S  genitalia  of  the  above  mentioned  group,  in  con- 
nection with  a  careful  study  of  Elwes  and  Edwards'  most  excellent 
revision  of  the  genus  (1893,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  IV,  457)  and 
are  glad  to  be  able  to  state  that  our  own  dissections  fully  agree  with 
the  figures  of  the    $    claspers  given  in  the  above  work. 

The  species  which  has  caused  the  most  trouble  to  identify  cor- 
rectly is  oeno  Bdv.,  described  apparently  from  Russian  Lapland  in  the 
Icones  (1833,  p.  196,  PI.  39,  Figs.  4-6)  although  specimens  from  Siberia 
and  Labrador  are  also  mentioned ;  Moeschler,  ( 1863,  Wien,  Ent.  Mon. 
VII,  201),  Scudder  (1865,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  V,  13)  and  Edwards 
(Butt.  N.  Am.  Ill,  Chionobas,  VII)  have  all  treated  this  species  in  great 
detail  and  all  have  expressed  different  opinions  as  to  its  identity ;  Elwes 
has  omitted  the  species  in  his  paper  as  unknown  to  him  as  he  states 
later  (1894,  Can.  Ent.  XXVI,  133).  After  a  careful  study  of  Bois- 
duval's  figures  and  text  we  have  concluded  that  Scudder's  determina- 
tion satisfies  the  requirements  best  and  propose  adopting  it  until  an 
examination  of  Boisduval's  type  specimens  (which  should  be  in  the 
Oberthur  collection)  is  possible;  according  to  this  identification  ocno 
Bdv.  takes  priority  over  crambis  Freyer.  Elwes,  after  a  study  of  the 
type  specimens  and  their  genital  structure  makes  subhyalina  Curt,  and 
assimiiis  Butl.  also  synonymous  with  crambis  which  very  unjustly  calls 
down  the  wrath  of  W.  H.  Edwards  (1894,  C.  Ent.  XXVI,  55)  who 
refuses  to  accept  the  evidence  of  the  genitalia  as  of  any  value  and 
casts  doubts  on  the  authenticity  of  the  type  specimen  of  subhyalina 
ex  Coll.  Oberthur.  In  both  this  paper  and  in  Volume  III  of  his  But- 
terflies of  N.  Am.  (Chionobas  VII)  Edwards  very  emphatically  asso- 
ciates oeno  and  assimiiis  with  a  Colorado  form  which  Elwes  had  al- 
ready shown  to  be  quite  distinct  in  genitalia  from  the  types  of  assimiiis 
and  subhyalina  and  very  closely  approached  to  seniidea.    We  can  see 


69 

no  adequate  reason,  after  summing  up  the  evidence  on  both  sides,  for 
not  accepting  Ehves  and  Edwards'  reference  and  this  course  has  seem- 
ingly been  followed  by  Seitz's  Macrolepidoptera  of  the  World  in  both 
the  Palaearctic  and  Nearctic  volumes.  On  the  face  of  it  oeno  Bdv. 
(1832-33)  would  seem  to  have  the  priority;  Scudder  (Hist.  Sketch, 
140)  gives  the  date  of  publication  for  the  genus  Chionobas  (proposed 
in  the  Icones)  as  probably  late  in  1832;  subhyalina  Curt,  was  published 
in  1835  and  the  other  names  much  later.  Whether  typical  oeno  and 
crambis  (Northern  European  forms)  occur  in  this  country  we  do  not 
know ;  the  common  form  in  Labrador  is  that  figured  by  Edwards  as 
crambis  (Butt.  Ill,  Chionobas  VI) ;  for  the  present  until  good  series 
of  Arctic  material  are  available  we  would  list  the  species  as  follows : 

oeno  Bdv. 

crambis  Frey. 

a  subhyalina  Curt. 

b  assimilis  Butl. 

Katalidin  Newc.  from  Maine  is  very  closely  related  to  the  Lab- 
rador oeno  in  genitalia  and  will  probably  prove  to  be  a  race  of  this 
species;  peartiae  Edw.  (if  our  identification  of  a  single  specimen  from 
the  Arctic  Coast  Plains  in  Coll.  Barnes  be  correct)  is  also  very  close 
in  the  shape  of  the  claspers  but  the  underside  of  the  primaries  is  much 
darker  than  in  oeno  and  it  may  be  kept  separate  until  more  material  is 
available. 

Brucei  Edw.  also  belongs  in  this  group  but  the  apical  portion  of 
the  clasper  is  more  slender  than  in  either  katalidin  or  oeno. 

Semidea  Say  and  beani  Ehves  belong  to  a  group  distinct  from 
the  oeno  group  and  with  them  must  be  associated  the  Colorado  form 
figured  by  Edwards  erroneously  as  oeno  (Butt.  Ill  Chionobas,  PI. 
VII,  Figs.  1-4)  which  Elwes  shows  (1.  c.  PI.  XV,  Fig.  9)  to  have  a  form 
of  clasper  closely  related  to  that  of  semidea  but  with  fewer  and  larger 
teeth  on  the  apical  dorsal  portion;  as  this  character  is  quite  constant 
in  a  long  series  before  us  we  see  no  reason  for  not  regarding  it  as  of 
specific  value  especially  as  the  form  is  easily  separated  from  semidea 
by  the  general  yellower  appearance  of  the  underside.  As  there  is 
apparently  no  name  available  we  describe  the  species  as  follows : 

Oeneis  lucilla  sp.  nov.     (PL  XI,  Figs.  16-18). 

Palpi  black,  fringed  with  white  on  dorsal  side ;  antenna!  knob  ruddy  brown ; 
upper  side  of  wings  dull  immaculate  brown  in     $    with  faint  traces  of  a  broad 


70 

diffuse  sex  mark  in  and  below  the  cell  of  primaries  and  with  the  maculation  of 
underside  of  secondaries  more  or  less  visible  above;  in  ?  often  tinged  with 
yellowish  with  an  occasional  blind  ocellus  in  the  interspace  between  veins  5  and 
6;  fringes  white,  checkered  with  brown.  Beneath  primaries  in  $  slightly  paler 
than  above,  marbled  with  whitish  toward  apex  and  often  with  a  small  white- 
centered  ocellus  subterminally  between  veins  5  and  6  which  in  the  9  is  followed 
at  times  by  similar  ocelli  in  the  interspaces  between  veins  2  and  3,  and  3  and  4; 
the  9  usually  also  shows  a  distinct  yellowish  tinge  over  the  whole  underside 
of  the  wings ;  secondaries  heavily  marbled  with  blackish  intermingled  slightly 
with  whitish  streaks  much  as  in  semidca  but  considerably  paler  and  yellower; 
the  black  curved  median  band  is  generally  almost  lost  in  the  heavy  striations 
but  its  outer  edge  is  faintly  defined  by  the  paler  subterminal  shading;  a  small 
anal  ocellus  is  often  present  preceded  by  a  curved  row  of  small  obsolescent 
ochreous  spots;  terminal  diffuse  dark  patches  mingled  with  whitish;  fringes 
checkered.     Expanse  41  mm. 

Habitat:    Hall  Valley,  Colo.  (July).    6    3,6    9.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Daura  Stkr.  (not  dauria  as  generally  listed)  is  only  known  by  the 
single  9  type  specimen  from  Arizona  in  the  Field  Museum,  Chicago ; 
it  should  probably  be  associated  with  chryxus  but  until  a  series  is  avail- 
able its  status  is  problematic. 

We  figure  the  S  genitalia  of  the  various  species  involved  in  the 
above  notes  as  far  as  possible  on  Plate  XXV. 


71 


NYMPHALIDAE 

Brenthis  HELENA  iNGENS  vaf.  nov.     (PI.  XI,  Figs  5,  6). 

In  the  Yellowstone  Park  there  occurs  a  race  of  Helena  disting- 
uished by  its  large  size  from  the  typical  Colorado  form  (PI.  XI,  Fig. 
7) ;  this  latter  averages  38  mm.  wing  expanse  whilst  the  present  form 
exceeds  40  mm. ;  on  the  underside  the  basal  area  of  secondaries  is  a 
distinct  leathery  brown  color  without  any  purplish  shades,  the  basal 
and  median  rows  of  spots  show  no  trace  of  silver,  being  pale  yellow 
and  in  the  latter  row  the  spot  opposite  the  cell  is  generally  much  less 
prolonged  distally  than  we  usually  find  in  the  nimotypical  form;  the 
spot  between  veins  1  and  2  shows  also  strong  tendency  to  be  cut  com- 
pletely in  two  by  the  black  defining  lines ;  the  marginal  spots  are  large 
and  faintly  silvered.  Our  type  series  consists  of  4  5  's  and  6  5  's,  two 
of  the  latter  from  Sheridan,  Idaho;  three  of  the  Paratypes  are  in  the 
Collection  of  Prof.  E.  T.  Owen  of  Madison,  Wis. 

EUPHYDRYAS    MAGDALENA    Sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XI,    FigS.    1-4). 

$  Primaries  black;  cell  with  a  yellow  triangular  spot  at  base,  another, 
large,  quadrate  in  middle  and  three  conjoined  ones  at  the  distal  end,  all  bor- 
dered with  black  and  separated  from  each  other  by  leathery  brown  spots ;  beyond 
the  cell  is  a  curved  row  of  leathery  brown  spots,  the  costal  one  being  narrow 
and  yellow  and  preceding  this  row  on  inner  margin  is  a  large  quadrate  yellow 
spot;  a  curved  subterminal  row  of  round  yellow  spots,  well  separated  from  each 
other  and  from  the  other  rows  by  the  black  ground  color;  two  terminal  rows 
of  small  leathery  brown  spots,  the  inner  one  lunulate  and  more  or  less  tinged 
with  yellow.  Secondaries  with  three  postmedian  rows  of  spots,  the  middle  one 
being  largely  yellow,  the  other  two  leathery  brown;  a  median  row  of  yellow 
oblong  spots  considerably  tinged  with  brown  and  separated  from  a  yellow  patch 
at  end  of  cell  by  a  leathery  brown  area  which  at  times  extends  upward  to  costa ; 
a  yellow  spot  near  base  of  cell  and  another  above  anal  margin ;  fringes  check- 
ered. Beneath  primaries  leathery  brown,  the  yellow  spots  in  cell  of  upper  side 
only  faintly  repeated  but  the  defining  black  lines  distinct;  two  subterminal 
rows  of  large  pale  yellow  lunules  separated  from  each  other  by  a  heavy  black 
line  extend  across  the  apical  half  of  wing,  bordered  inwardly  and  outwardly 
by  black  lines;  below  vein  3  they  become  indistinct  and  more  or  less  lost  in 
the  reddish  brown  ground  color;  secondaries  with  the  usual  subbasal  and 
median  rows  of  spots  which  are  pale  yellow,  heavily  black-bordered  and  more 
or  less  connected  by  a  yellow  discal  patch ;  a  row  of  large  submarginal  lunules 
bordered  heavily  with  black  and  preceded  by  round  spots  of  a  leathery  brown 


7^ 

color  more  or  less  surrounded  by  pale  yellow;  terminal  and  basal  areas  leathery 
brown  the  latter  shaded  with  yellow. 

2 .  Similar  to  $  in  maculation  but  rather  paler  and  showing  a  tendency 
for  all  the  rows  of  spots  on  secondaries  above  to  become  brown.  Expanse  $ 
32  mm. ;    $    36  mm. 

Habitat:     White  Mts.,  Ariz.    6    $,6    9.     Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  belongs  in  the  anicia-maria  group  and  may  prove  to 
be  a  race  of  either  one  of  these  forms ;  from  anicia  it  is  easily  sepa- 
rated by  the  much  paler  shade  of  the  underside  ground-color  which 
lacks  all  the  red  tints ;  from  both  forms  it  differs  in  the  sharply  defined 
and  black-bordered  submarginal  lunules  on  primaries  above  vein  3 ; 
the  secondaries  show  a  very  clean-cut  maculation  of  a  decided  check- 
er-board pattern,  due  to  the  sharp  black  defining  lines  of  the  various 
bands.  There  is  considerable  variation  in  the  color  and  distinctness 
of  the  red  and  yellow  bands  of  upperside  as  is  usual  in  this  group;  a 
rather  larger  and  brighter  colored  form  of  what  is  seemingly  this 
species,  approaching  very  close  to  maria  on  the  upper  side,  occurs  in 
the  vicinity  of  Pagosa  Springs,  Colo.,  but  further  study  of  more  mate- 
rial and  especially  of  life-histories  will  be  necessary  before  the  range 
of  each  species  can  be  determined  or  indeed  before  we  can  tell  whether 
we  are  dealing  with  good  species  or  mere  races ;  for  the  present  we 
are  content  to  differentiate  the  form  magdalena  which  is  readily  rec- 
ognizable and,  to  judge  by  about  forty  specimens  before  us,  runs  quite 
true  to  type,  at  least  in  its  type  locality. 

Melitaea  hoffmanni  segregata  var.  nov.     (PI.  XI,  Figs.  8-10). 

Typical  hoffmanni  as  figured  by  Holland,  Butt.  Book  PI.  17,  Fig. 
13,  is  distinguished  by  the  post-discal  area  on  primaries  being  largely 
pale  orange  with  the  three  bands  of  spots  ill-defined  and  not  well  sepa- 
rated by  black  lines;  on  the  secondaries  the  three  bands  of  orange 
spots  are  large  and  distinct,  the  inner  one  being  pale  yellowish  and 
composed  of  large  oblong  spots,  especially  in  the  9  {'■idc  PI.  XI, 
Figs.  11,  12). 

In  a  series  of  specimens  from  Crater  Lake,  Oregon,  we  note  a 
decided  deepening  of  the  orange  color,  combined  with  an  extension 
of  the  extradiscal  black  areas,  the  bands  of  spots  being  better  defined 
on  the  primaries,  especially  in  the  9 ,  on  the  secondaries  the  middle 
row  of  the  three  extradiscal  rows  tends  toward  obsolescence  and  the 
inner  one  is  reduced  in  size.     On  the  under  side  of  secondaries  the 


73 

black  edging  to  the  rows  of  spots  is  very  heavy  and  black  spots  are 
usually  visible  in  the  submarginal  orange  row  much  as  in  palla.  Occa- 
sional specimens  approach  the  typical  form  in  maculation  but  the  nor- 
mal form  in  this  region  is  the  dark  one  which  seems  worthy  of  the 
racial  name  we  have  proposed  above ;  our  types  are  6  S's  and  4  9  's 
from  Crater  Lake,  Oregon,  6500  ft.  (July  24-31). 

Melitaea  flavula  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XI,  Figs.  14,  15). 

We  have  had  in  the  collection  for  a  long  time  a  series  of  a  Melitaea 
from  the  Rocky  Mt.  region  which  has  perplexed  us  greatly  to  place 
correctly  and  seemingly  has  caused  others  an  equal  amount  of  trouble 
as  it  has  come  to  us  labelled  acastus,  palla  and  even  gabbi;  from  the 
typical  form  of  all  these  species  it  differs  and  would  seem  to  be  inter- 
mediate between  acastus  and  palla,  approaching  very  close  to  the  Colo- 
rado form  of  the  latter  species.  Acastus  (PI.  XI,  Fig.  13)  is  a  large 
species,  rather  pale  orange-brown  on  the  upper  side  and  especially 
characterized  by  the  pale  creamy,  almost  white  banding  on  the  under- 
side of  secondaries  with  a  light  leathery-brown  basal  area  and  heavy 
black  border  lines;  typical  palla  from  California  is  deep  reddish-brown 
on  the  upper  side,  intermingled  with  a  considerable  amount  of  black ; 
on  the  underside  the  secondaries  have  the  banding  very  pale  yellow 
with  very  deep  leathery  brown  basal  area  and  rather  heavy  black 
bordering  lines;  we  have  Colorado  specimens  from  the  vicinity  of 
Denver  and  Manitou  which  match  up  very  well  with  Californian  speci- 
mens; Wright's  figures  of  these  two  species  (Butt.  W.  Coast,  PI.  XIX, 
Figs.  175,  176)  show  the  distinctions  fairly  well  although  the  color 
has  not  been  very  accurately  reproduced. 

Our  new  form  is  rather  smaller  in  wing  expanse  than  either  of 
the  allied  species,  averaging  35  mm. ;  in  the  color  and  maculation  of 
the  upper  side  it  is  almost  the  exact  counterpart  of  acastus  with  pos- 
sibly a  slightly  greater  amount  of  black  in  the  marginal  area;  the 
underside  of  the  secondaries  is  (as  is  usual  in  the  group)  the  most 
characteristic  portion,  the  pale  banding  being  a  very  decided  yellow, 
slightly  deeper  than  in  palla,  whilst  the  leathery  brown  basal  and  term- 
inal area  is  much  paler  than  we  find  in  the  nimotypical  Californian 
form ;  combined  with  this  is  the  very  fine  nature  of  the  black  bordering 
lines,  especially  those  of  the  broad  median  yellow  band ;  the  orange 
band  of  spots  preceding  the  large  yellow  marginal  lunules  is  rather 
reduced,  leaving  considerable  of  the  yellow  color  visible,  being  in  this 


74 

respect  more  like  acastus  than  palla.  With  the  exception  of  two  speci- 
mens our  type  series  of  13  S  's  bears  no  more  explicit  labelling  than 
the  state  label  "Colorado",  having  been  probably  collected  by  D.  Bruce ; 
these  two  specimens  are  labelled  respectively  Glenwood  Spgs.,  Colo., 
and  Hall  Valley,  Colo.  We  have  the  species  further  from  Utah  (Provo, 
Salt  Lake)  and  also  from  the  Yellowstone  Park  Region.  The  form 
may  prove  to  be  a  race  of  palla  and  with  sufficient  material  from  known 
localities  connecting  links  may  be  found  with  the  Colorado  specimens 
already  mentioned  from  Denver  and  Manitou ;  for  the  present,  how- 
ever, we  see  no  harm  in  treating  it  as  a  separate  species. 


75 


RIODINIDAE 

Apodemia  mormo  DESERTi  var.  nov.     (PI.  XII,  Figs.  1,  2). 

We  have  3  specimens  from  La  Puerta  Valley  before  us  which  are 
distinctive  enough  to  warrant  a  racial  name.  The  head,  patagia  and 
abdomen  are  partially  clothed  with  pale  yellow  hairs,  primaries  from 
base  to  postmedian  band  of  white  spots  pale  orange  (except  at  inner 
margin)  with  the  usual  white  black-bordered  discal  spots;  beyond  this 
postmedian  band  the  wing  is  deep  gray-brown  with  a  very  prominent 
subterminal  row  of  white  spots ;  secondaries  deep  gray-brown,  slightly 
tinged  at  base  with  orange  with  the  white  spots  of  primaries  repeated, 
the  subterminal  ones  being  particularly  well-developed;  beneath  much 
as  in  the  type  form.  This  is  probably  a  desert  race  easily  distinguished 
from  the  type  form  (PI.  XII,  Figs.  3,  4)  by  its  pale  coloration  and 
large  white  subterminal  spots ;  it  is  slightly  smaller  in  size,  the  S  being 
22  mm.  and  the  9  25  mm.  in  expanse.  Our  types  (1  S  ,  2  5  ) 
were  received  from  Mr.  G.  Field  of  San  Diego  who  captured  them 
on  July  Ilth  in  La  Puerta  Valley,  S.  Cahf . ;  we  have  similar  speci- 
mens from  Palm  Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.,  on  the  borders  of  the 
Mohave  Desert. 

Apodemia  multiplaga  Schaus.     (PI.  XII,  Fig.  14). 

This  species,  described  from  Mexico  (1902,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M. 
XXIV,  404)  must  be  added  to  our  N.  Am.  Lists ;  we  have  a  specimen 
from  San  Benito,  Texas,  captured  during  the  latter  half  of  June. 

Genus  Calephelis  G.  &  R. 

We  have  been  greatly  puzzled  by  a  species  from  San  Benito, 
Texas,  of  which  we  have  a  good  series  and  for  which  we  can  find  no 
valid  name. 

It  differs  from  nemesis  Edw.  {australis  Edw.),  (PI.  XII,  Figs. 
8-10)  which  also  occurs  in  the  same  locality,  by  the  fact  that  in  both 
sexes  the  primaries  are  equally  rounded,  not  sharply  pointed  in  the 
$  sex  as  we  find  in  nemesis;  the  S  's  are  difficult  to  separate,  but 
apart  from  the  greater  depth  of  the  brown  ground-color  above  they 
may  be  generally  fairly  readily  distinguished  by  the  fact  that  the  outer 
row  of  black  basal  dots  is  much  closer  to  the  postmedian  silver  line 


76 

than  we  find  in  nemesis,  resembling  in  this  respect  virginietisis  Gray ; 
from  this  latter  species,  however,  with  which  it  also  agrees  in  size  and 
wing  shape,  it  is  readily  separated  by  the  fringes  which  in  I'irginiensis 
(PI.  XII,  Figs.  11-13)  are  entirely  dusky  whilst  in  our  Texan  species 
they  are  checkered  with  white  at  apex  and  inner  angle  of  primaries; 
the  ground  color  is  a  much  deeper,  duller  brown  and  the  black  row 
of  dots  on  the  underside  to  which  we  have  already  referred  is  indis- 
tinctly geminate  whilst  in  virginiensis  it  is  single  and  very  sharply 
defined.  The  species  can  hardly  be  laverna  G.  &  S.  which  is  dififeren- 
tiated  from  virginiensis  by  the  more  pointed  primaries,  nothing,  how- 
ever being  said  concerning  the  fringes;  as  Stichel  (Gen.  Insect.  Riod. 
p.  161 )  makes  it  a  race  of  virginiensis  we  presume  the  fringes  are  simi- 
lar in  both  forms.  We  cannot,  either,  make  it  coincide  with  nilus  Feld. 
or  argyrodines  Butl.  which  Stichel  separates  apparently  in  his  prelim- 
inary remarks  (1910,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitsch.  LV,  pp.  17,  18)  and  in  the 
revision  proper  (1.  c.  p.  162)  treats  as  synonyms,  giving  Texas  as  one 
of  the  localities,  possibly  in  error ;  certainly  Godman  and  Salvin's  fig- 
ures of  argyrodines  (Biol.  Cent.  Am.  Rhop.  Ill,  PI.  44,  Figs.  5,  6)  do 
not  apply  to  our  species. 

We  propose  therefore  the  name  Calephelis  perditalis  (PI.  XII, 
Figs.  5-7)  for  this  species,  our  type  series  (6  $  ,  6  9  )  having  been 
captured  at  San  Benito,  Texas,  in  the  latter  portion  of  July ;  we  have 
also  specimens  from  Brownsville,  taken  in  October,  which  would  indi- 
cate at  least  two  generations  yearly.  We  offer  the  following  key  to 
the  N.  American  species  of  this  puzzling  group: 

A      Size  large,  over  one  inch borealis  G.  &  R. 

A'     Size  small,  less  than  one  inch 

B       Fringes  entirely  dusky virginiensis  Gray 

B'     Fringes  checkered  at  apex  with  white 

C       Primaries  of    S    rounded  as  in    9  .  .perditalis  B.  &McD. 

C     Primaries  of    S    more  pointed  than  in    9   

nemesis  Edw.  {australis  Edw.) 


77 


LYCAENIDAE 

Philstes  glaucon  Edw. 

In  our  notes  on  this  very  puzzling  group  we  have  twice  referred 
to  this  species;  in  Contr.  Ill,  (2)  117  we  observed  that  the  types  were 
not  to  be  found  in  the  W.  H.  Edwards'  Collection  but  that  a  S  and 
9  specimen  existed  in  the  Hy.  Edwards'  Collection  in  the  American 
Museum  which  be  believed  to  be  typical ;  specimens  from  Utah  which 
we  had  compared  with  these  and  which  to  us  at  the  time  seemed  identi- 
cal we  figured  on  PI.  XI,  Figs.  2,  5,  and  later  after  a  study  of  the 
genitalia  (Contr.  Ill,  (4),  215)  we  referred  glaucon  as  the  Great 
Basin  race  of  enoptes. 

On  our  latest  visit  to  New  York,  realizing  from  our  recent  studies 
of  the  group  that  there  were  forms  with  battoides-Vike  genitalia  which 
superficially  could  scarcely  be  definitely  separated  from  ciwptes,  we 
examined  the  genitalia  of  the  S  specimen  which  is  labelled  Lye.  glau- 
con Edw.  in  Hy.  Edwards'  handwriting  and  found  to  our  chagrin  that 
the  genitalia  were  those  of  battoidcs  and  not  of  enoptes  and  that,  if 
this  specimen  was  typical  of  the  true  glaucon,  our  notes  were  in  need 
of  considerable  revision. 

The  first  point  to  be  decided  was  naturally  as  to  whether  this 
S  specimen  was  typical  of  glaucon;  as  we  have  already  remarked, 
the  species  was  described  in  1871  from  2  *  ,  1  9  taken  in  Nevada 
and  sent  by  Hy.  Edwards,  the  description  of  the  $  being  fairly  lengthy, 
of  the  2  merely  a  few  lines,  the  underside  being  dismissed  with  the 
words  "as  on  male".  The  specimen  in  question  bears  three  labels 
besides  the  name  label,  the  first  is  a  small  printed  label  "Nevada",  the 
second  a  circular  one  with  written  number  "251",  and  the  third  the 
American  Museum's  Accession  label  "No.  6122.  Coll.  Hy.  Edwards". 
In  Hy.  Edwards'  original  Catalogue  of  his  Collection  which  is  in  pos- 
session of  the  Museum  and  the  necessary  portions  of  which  Mr.  F.  E. 
Watson  has  kindly  transcribed  for  us,  the  number  "251"  is  apparently 
used  for  several  specimens  referred  to  as  L.  battoides  and  taken  in 
1868-9  in  June  by  W.  T.  Eaves  in  Storey  Co.  and  Bear  Valley ;  Storey 
Co.  is  in  Nevada  and  contains  Virginia  City,  the  Bear  Valley  men- 
tioned being  probably  a  valley  of  that  name  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake 
Tahoe,  Calif. ;  evidently  therefore  our    $    specimen  in  question,  as  it 


bears  the  label  "Nevada",  was  taken  in  the  hills  around  Virginia  City, 
Nevada  in  1868  or  1869  and  could  very  well  have  been  one  of  the  type 
lot  from  which  the  description  in  1871  was  made;  comparing  it  with 
the  description  it  agreed  excellently  in  every  particular  except  that  the 
fulvous  suffusion  on  underside  of  primaries  on  the  two  submarginal 
spots  above  the  anal  angle  was  not  present  and  this,  judging  from  our 
series  of  some  of  the  other  forms,  is  a  variable  feature;  we  would  note 
that  the  fulvous  spots  on  upperside  of  secondaries  are  present,  also 
the  broad  submarginal  fulvous  band  on  underside  with  a  median  row 
of  heavy  spots  as  on  primaries  as  mentioned  in  the  original  description, 
and  finally  that  it  is  distinctly  allied  to  L.  battoides  Behr  as  stated  by 
W.  H.  Edwards. 

As  regards  the  9  specimen  in  the  collection  under  this  name  it 
is  probable  that  it  was  captured  at  a  much  later  date  than  1871  as  it 
bears  a  label  "7116"  and  this  number  is  included  in  a  supplementary 
catalogue  which  we  believe  only  contained  the  most  recent  acquisitions 
to  the  collection ;  in  any  case,  it  is  one  of  those  unfortunate  interme- 
diates which  it  is  almost  impossible  to  place  exactly  and  has  the  median 
row  on  underside  of  secondaries  composed  of  very  small  spots  which 
rather  contradicts  the  original  description.  While  the  S  specimen 
cannot  be  considered  as  a  type,  we  do  think  that  we  are  justified 
in  calling  it  typical  and  until  further  evidence  to  the  contrary  can  be 
produced  it  will  represent  our  idea  of  the  species.  This  specimen, 
which  was  kindly  loaned  to  us  by  the  Museum  authorities,  we  have 
compared  with  the  various  races  in  our  collection  and  find  it  most 
closely  approached  to  centralis  B.  &  McD.  although  not  exact,  this 
latter  race  showing  more  smoky  suffusion  above  anal  angle  of  primaries 
on  underside  and  having  a  deeper  ground  color.  Roughly  speaking 
battoides  Bdv.  with  its  race  orcgoncnsis  B.  &  McD.  may  be  separated 
from  glaucon  Edw.  with  its  forms  intermedia  B.  &  McD.  and  centralis 
B.  &  McD.  by  the  heavy  black  basal  fringe  line  on  underside ;  the  geni- 
talia of  all  of  these  forms  seem  similar  and  it  will  be  a  question  for 
field  workers  to  solve  as  to  whether  we  are  dealing  with  two  species 
or  merely  races  of  a  single  one ;  our  series  of  the  forms  with  narrow 
fringe  line  is  quite  limited  but  we  doubt  if  this  will  prove  a  constant 
means  of  separation  when  more  material  is  available  and  personally 
we  incline  to  the  view  that  glaucon  and  its  related  forms  are  merely 
low  altitude  races  of  battoides  which  is  typically  a  race  of  the  highest 


79 

Sierras ;  the  southern  race,  bernardino  B.  &  McD.  may  be  readily  rec- 
ognized by  its  smaller  size  and  whiter  underside. 

For  the  form  with  cnoptes-like  genitalia  which  we  have  been  erro- 
neously calling  glaucon  and  which  we  figured  in  our  Contributions, 
PI.  XI,  Figs.  2,  5,  a  new  name  will  be  needed  and  we  propose  using 
ancilla;  the  form  is  so  similar  to  the  true  glaucon  in  maculation  as  to 
render  our  misidentification  almost  excusable ;  we  can  point  to  no  obvi- 
ous specific  differences  although  there  is  a  tendency,  especially  in  the 
9 ,  towards  a  rather  rougher  squammation  on  the  underside  and  a 
thickening  of  the  black  basal  fringe  line ;  the  $  's  show  only  traces 
of  fulvous  on  upper  side  of  secondaries ;  we  regard  it  as  a  race  of 
cnoptes  from  which  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  continuous  fulvous 
band  on  the  underside  of  secondaries  which  in  typical  enoptcs  is  always 
broken  into  small  spots ;  the  black  spots  are  also  heavier.  Our  type 
specimens  are  a  series  of  6  3,4  2  from  Eureka,  Utah  (July  1-7) 
two  of  which  are  figured  as  glaucon  on  the  above  mentioned  plate;  we 
also  possess  numerous  specimens  from  other  localities  in  Utah  and 
Colorado. 

We  cannot  agree  with  Mr.  R.  C.  Williams  that  glaucon  Edw.  is 
the  same  species  as  our  spaldingi  (Ent.  News  XXIX,  101)  ;  Edwards 
in  his  description  of  the  underside  of  the  secondaries  of  glaucon  dis- 
tinctly states  that  a  broad  orange  stripe  occupies  the  space  between  the 
two  submarginal  rows  of  spots ;  this  does  not  at  all  apply  to  spal- 
dingi in  which  the  red  area  is  reduced  to  crescent-shaped  spots  and  the 
inner  row  of  spots  is  almost  lacking;  the  median  row  of  spots  is  also 
not  pronounced  enough  to  fit  in  well  with  Edwards'  diagnosis. 


80 


HESPERIIDAE 

Pamphila  horus  Edw. 

This  species  was  placed  in  our  List  next  to  Lcrema  accius  A.  &  S. 
following  the  generally  accepted  idea.  A  recent  examination  of  the 
type  2  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  shows  that  it  has  nothing  in  com- 
mon with  this  species ;  the  stout  antennal  club  with  short  point  at  once 
separates  it  generically  from  accius  which  has  a  rather  slender  club 
with  long  bent  point.  Hants  would  seem  to  be  best  associated,  there- 
fore, with  the  Pamphila  group  of  genera  but  until  the  receipt  of  a  S 
specimen  its  exact  position  is  doubtful.  The  type  is  a  rather  large, 
almost  unicolorous  brown,  specimen,  as  large  as  a  good-sized  attalus 
or  leonardus  $  ,  and  may  be  a  melanic  form  of  some  well-known 
species ;  the  only  traces  of  maculation  are  semihyaline  subterminal 
spots  in  the  interspaces  of  veins  2  and  3,  and  3  and  4  on  the  under- 
side and  the  usual  small  costal  spots,  all  of  which  are  however  very 
obscure. 

Atrytgne  kumskaka  Scud. 

This  species,  described  in  1887  (C.  Ent.  XIX,  45),  has  been 
omitted  from  our  list  and  indeed  from  all  recent  lists  except  Skin- 
ner's Supplement  to  the  Diurnal  Catalogue;  it  is  based  on  specimens 
from  Denison,  Iowa,  misidentified  as  conspicua  Edw.  by  Scudder  in 
his  paper  in  Tr.  Chicago  Acad.  Sci.  I,  336,  on  Iowa  butterflies.  Judg- 
ing by  the  description  the  species  must  be  very  close  to  byssns  Edw. 
which,  however,  we  only  know  from  Florida;  the  $  genitalia  of  this 
species,  viewed  superficially,  also  shows  a  close  resemblance  to  Scud- 
der's  figure  of  this  organ ;  material  from  Iowa,  however,  is  much  to 
be  desired  in  order  to  definitely  establish  the  identity  and  relationship 
of  this  species. 


81 


SATURNIIDAE 

Hemileuca  electra  CLIO  var.  nov.     (PI.  XIII,  F'igs.  1,  2). 

As  compared  with  typical  electra  from  the  San  Diego  region  this 
Arizona  race  differs  as  follows :  the  thorax  and  patagia  are  black, 
the  latter  bordered  with  pale  yellowish  (in  electra  this  whole  area  is 
covered  with  mixed  black  and  pale  yellow  hairs)  ;  with  the  exception 
of  the  pale  median  band  enclosing  the  reniform  the  whole  of  the 
primaries  are  black  (in  electra  there  are  two  whitish  basal  streaks 
and  considerable  pale  subterminal  markings)  ;  the  median  pale  band 
is  much  as  in  typical  electra  but  the  central  pale  lunule  in  the  round 
black  spot  is  rather  narrower  than  usual.  The  secondaries  are  a  rich 
deep  brick-red  much  more  heavily  scaled  and  deeper  in  color  than  in 
electra,  the  9  before  us  showing  considerable  blackish  suffusion 
beyond  the  discal  mark;  in  our  $  specimen  this  mark  is  merely  a 
round  black  patch  without  pale  central  dash,  in  the  9  a  narrow  pale 
central  streak  is  present.  Beneath  the  color  is  much  deeper  than  in 
the  typical  form  and  the  pale  abdominal  rings  are  narrower.  Expanse 
$    52  mm. ;    9    63  mm. 

Habitat:  Kingman,  Ariz.  (Oct.)  1  $,  I  9.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 


82 


ARCTIIDAE 

LITHOSIINAE 

Genus  Illice  Wlk. 

The  species  of  this  genus  offer  in  the  S  genitalia  excellent  points 
of  differentiation  which  can  in  most  cases  be  seen  without  removing 
the  abdomens  as  the  sexual  organs  protrude ;  we  have  made  no  slides 
of  these  organs  but  an  examination  of  the  claspers  under  a  lens  is 
sufficient  to  show  that  there  are  several  distinct  types,  a  study  of  which 
clearly  proves  that  our  present  arrangement  is  faulty. 

We  have  already  (Contr.  Ill,  (3),  157)  separated  tcnuifascia 
Harv.  from  miifascia  G.  &  R.,  placing  the  former  in  the  genus  Oao- 
dania  Dyar  which  at  least  serves  to  call  attention  to  the  protruding 
tuft  of  hair  in  the  $  along  the  anal  margin  of  the  secondaries ;  with 
the  types  of  both  these  species  undiscoverable  there  is  of  course  the 
possibility  of  an  error  of  determination  on  our  part,  but  we  have 
made  our  determinations  fit  as  closely  as  possible  the  rather  inadequate 
original  descriptions  and  must  leave  the  matter  standing  as  it  is  for 
the  present. 

The  clasper  of  uiiifascia  is  strongly  bifurcate,  showing  a  long 
dorsal  and  a  similar  ventral  prong;  we  have  a  series  of  a  form  from 
the  vicinity  of  Brownsville,  Texas,  which  shows  the  same  type  of 
clasper  but  differs  in  maculation  in  having  the  transverse  band  broken 
into  a  small  triangular  costal  spot  and  a  similar  larger  one  on  inner 
margin,  the  apices  tending  to  meet  in  the  center  of  the  wing;  an 
ochreous  streak  along  inner  margin  as  in  itnifascia;  the  ochreous  por- 
tions are  rather  paler  than  in  uiiifascia  and  the  pink  of  the  secondaries 
inclined  toward  flesh-color  with  generally  a  distinct  dark  costo-apical 
spot ;  the  9  's  are  rather  smaller  as  a  general  rule  and  show  a  greater 
tendency  to  have  the  band  complete.  As  the  form  is  quite  readily 
recognizable  and  in  order  to  distinguish  it  from  similar  forms  of  tcnui- 
fascia we  propose  for  it  the  name  of  ruptifascia  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  5), 
considering  it  for  the  present  as  a  race  of  unifascia  (Fig.  4)  ;  our 
types  are  8  S  and  5  9  from  Brownsville  and  San  Benito,  Texas, 
captured  on  various  dates  from  March  to  June,  probably  indicating 
several  generations. 


83 

Kcntuckiensis  Dyar  we  do  not  know  ;  it  was  described  (1904,  Proc. 
Ent.  See.  Wash.,  VI,  198)  as  a  broad-banded  form  of  unifascia  and  as 
such  we  leave  it. 

Perrosea  Dyar,  (1.  c.  p.  198)  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  7)  also  described  as 
a  variety  of  unifascia,  is  a  good  species;  the  clasper  is  broad  at  the 
base,  narrowing  suddenly  into  a  long  slender  prong  bent  inwards 
towards  the  apex  and  touching  that  of  the  opposite  side ;  angclus  Dyar, 
(PI.  XIV,  Fig.  8)  described  as  a  good  species,  (1.  c.  p.  198)  has  a 
very  similar  type  of  clasper  and  may  prove  to  be  a  racial  form,  al- 
though easily  separable  on  maculation  with  its  entirely  ochreous  thorax 
and  broad  band  on  basal  two-thirds  of  inner  margin. 

Barnesi  Dyar  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  10)  is  a  good  species  and  not  a  form 
of  unifascia;  the  clasper  has  a  broad  basal  portion  similar  to  that  of 
perrosea  but  instead  of  being  produced  into  a  long  slender  point  it 
shows  a  long  prong  arising  from  its  dorsal  margin  and  bent  sharply 
downward  with  a  short  tooth  on  the  inner  margin  of  the  prong  near 
the  base ;  the  species  occurs  in  two  color  forms ;  the  typical  form  has 
pink  secondaries ;  for  a  rather  rarer  form  with  yellow  secondaries  we 
propose  the  name  flavula,  our  types  being  3  $  and  1  9  from 
Glenwood  Spgs.,  Colo. 

We  have  4  specimens  before  us  from  Texas  (no  further  locality 
on  label)  which  superficially  in  size  and  maculation  bear  a  close  resem- 
blance to  angelus  but  which  show  a  type  of  clasper  very  similar  to 
barnesi;  the  thorax  is  entirely  yellow,  the  primaries  have  a  broad 
yellow  band  along  inner  margin  and  a  transverse  yellow  postmedian 
band  considerably  narrowed  in  central  portion;  the  secondaries  are 
pink  with  a  smoky  patch  at  apex  descending  to  about  the  center  of 
the  outer  margin ;  there  is  a  slight  trace  of  sexual  hairs  along  the  anal 
margin  in  the  $  but  scarcely  sufficient  to  warrant  placing  the  species 
in  Osodania;  we  propose  the  name  picta  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  11)  for  this 
species,  which  is  probably  confused  in  collections  with  unifascia, 
although  considerably  larger  in  size ;  our  types  are  1  <J  ,  3  9  received 
at  various  times  from  older  collections  which  accounts  for  the  lack  of 
data  on  the  label. 

According  to  the  form  of  the  claspers  we  believe  liberomacula 
Dyar  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  6)  must  be  considered  a  good  species  and  not  a 
form  of  dorsimaciila  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  12)  as  placed  in  our  List;  in 
liberomacula  the  distal  end  of  the  clasper  is  evenly  long  and  narrow. 


84 

ending  in  a  slight  knob  with  a  few  bristles;  in  dorsimacida  the  end  of 
the  clasper  is  decidedly  spoon-shaped  and  terminated  by  a  distinct  spine 
approaching  in  this  respect  faiistinula  Bdv.,  the  clasper  of  which  seems 
to  have  an  identical  shape;  nexa  Bdv.,  which  Williams  claims  (1905, 
Ent.  News,  XVI,  257)  to  be  merely  a  form  of  faiistinula  has  a  decid- 
edly different  form  of  clasper,  more  allied  to  that  of  liberomacula 
but  with  the  narrow  distal  end  shorter  and  the  base  broader.  Stretch's 
figures  (Zyg.  Bomb.  N.  Am.,  PI.  2,  Figs.  10,  11)  should  serve  to 
readily  distinguish  nexa  and  faiistinula  and  we  can  only  conjecture  that 
Williams  either  collected  unknowingly  the  larvae  of  both  species  which 
possibly  show  no  particularly  distinctive  features  or  else  that  his  identi- 
fications of  Boisduval's  species  were  incorrectly  made. 

A  form  of  liberomacula  which  is  seemingly  commoner  than  the 
type  form  and  which  is  distinguished  by  the  presence  of  a  white  streak 
above  the  inner  margin  from  the  base  to  the  postmedian  white  spot, 
is  without  a  name;  we  propose  for  this  form  the  name  basijuncta 
(PI.  XIV,  Fig.  9),  our  type  series  being  numerous  specimens  from  San 
Diego,  Calif. 

ARCTIINAE 

EUBAPHE   LAETA    Guer. 

The  figure  given  of  this  species  (Icon.  Reg.  Anim.  Ins.  PI.  88, 
Fig.  6)  would  seem  to  point  to  the  typical  form  as  being  the  southern 
one,  common  in  Florida,  characterized  by  small  size  and  considerable 
brown  shades  in  the  color  of  the  primaries;  the  northern  race  we  had 
separated  in  our  List  under  the  name  rubropicta  Pack,  based  on  a 
specimen  from  Rangeley,  Me.;  we  have,  however,  recently  seen  the 
type  of  treati  Grt.  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  Coll.  and  believe  that 
this  name  will  take  priority  over  Packard's,  based  as  it  is  on  a  Massa- 
chusetts specimen.  We  could  not  find  the  type  of  rubropicta  at  Cam- 
bridge but  judging  by  material  before  us  from  Maine  the  two  names 
are  synonymous.  The  northern  race  is  larger  and  the  primaries  show 
much  more  of  a  gray  tint  than  we  find  in  the  typical  form;  the  race 
extends  westward  to  northern  Illinois  and  Manitoba. 

EuBAPHE  FRAGILIS  Stkr.      (PI.  XIV,  Fig.   13). 

An  examination  of  the  type  of  this  species  in  the  Field  Museum, 
Chicago,  shows  that  it  agrees  stnicturally  (length  of  palpi)  with  im- 
maculata   Reak.   and   probably   is   merely   the   Colorado    race   of   this 


85 

species ;  some  of  our  Colorado  material  can  hardly  be  separated  from 
Eastern  specimens.  The  species  which  has  been  generally  going  under 
the  name  of  fragilis  has  much  shorter  palpi  and  we  believe  is  a  Colo- 
rado race  of  costata  Stretch  from  Texas,  distinguished  by  the  flesh 
colored  primaries  instead  of  the  mouse  gray  found  in  typical  costata; 
due  to  this  color  the  scarlet  costa  and  discal  spot  are  much  less  notice- 
able, the  latter  in  fact  being  at  times  quite  lacking;  the  secondaries 
are  only  slightly  deeper  in  color  than  the  primaries  so  that  the  whole 
insect  has  a  much  more  unicolorous  appearance  than  costata. 

As  this  form  is  apparently  quite  constant  we  propose  for  it  the 
racial  name  costata  pallipennis  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  14),  our  types  being 
a  series  of  specimens  from  Glenwood  Spgs.,  Colo.  (July). 

DiACRISIA  vagans  Bdv. 

The  synonymy  of  this  species  is  considerably  involved  and  although 
a  number  of  authors  have  attempted  to  elucidate  the  matter,  each 
seems  to  have  arrived  at  a  separate  conclusion.  Vagans  was  described 
by  Boisduval  in  1852  (Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  X,  322)  as  follows:  "Size 
of  the  largest  specimens  of  fuliginosa.  Primaries  and  thorax  yellow- 
ish-gray. Secondaries  black  with  the  fringe  broadly  yellowish-gray. 
Abdomen  blackish-gray.  Beneath  the  four  wings  are  yellowish  gray 
with  a  black  lunule  on  the  disk  of  each.  S  Antennae  rather  strongly 
pectinated."    The  type  locality  was  given  as  Northern  California. 

In  1855  in  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  Ill,  32,  the  name  rufida  is  given 
by  Boisduval  to  a  series  from  California  which  he  intended  to  describe 
and  which  is  here  very  briefly  characterized  as  having  "the  primaries 
of  a  ruddy-brown  with  a  blackish  discal  spot  and  transverse  streak 
(raie  transverse)  ;  the  secondaries  are  blackish  with  ruddy-brown 
fringe;  the  body  is  without  spots,  reddish  like  the  primaries." 

Later  in  1869  (Lep.  de  la  Calif,  pp.  79-80)  Boisduval  goes  into 
further  details  regarding  these  two  species,  giving  the  size  of  nifula 
as  equal  to  that  of  mendica  and  calling  attention  to  the  great  variability 
in  color  in  both  sexes  of  both  species ;  he  quotes  Lorquin  as  stating 
that  the  larvae  are  different  and  separates  the  two  species  on  the 
strength  of  a  bent  extradiscal  line  on  primaries  in  rufula  which  is  lack- 
ing in  vagans. 

In  the  meantime  Packard  (1864,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  Ill,  123) 
had  described  his  punctata  in  his  Synopsis  of  the  Bombycidae  of  North 


86 

America.  Stretch  in  1874  (Zyg.  &  Bomb.  N.  Am.  p.  192)  sinks  both 
rufttla  and  punctata  to  vagans,  caUing  attention  to  the  fact  that  larvae 
producing  $  's  are  differently  colored  from  those  producing  9  's  and 
proving  that  Boisduval's  characteristic  point  of  distinction  for  riifula 
will  not  hold  good  in  a  bred  series;  he  errs  in  quoting  Boisduval  as 
saying  the  size  of  vagans  is  that  of  "very  small  specimens  of  fuligin- 
osa" ;  Boisduval  uses  the  words  "plus  grands"  in  this  connection. 

On  the  strength  of  Stretch's  synonymy  Hy.  Edwards  described 
(1874,  Pac.  Coast  Lep.  27)  Spilosoma  pteridis  from  Vancouver  Island 
as  new  but  later  (1.  c.  p.  43)  states  that  he  and  Stretch  had  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  pteridis  was  a  synonym  of  vagans  Bdv.  which  was 
after  all  distinct  from  the  Central  Californian  rufida  Bdv.  (punctata 
Pack.) 

A  recent  examination  of  the  type  specimens  shows  that  pteridis 
Hy,  Edw.  is  exactly  the  same  thing  as  danbyi  Neum.  described  from 
Victoria,  B.  C.  (1893,  Ent.  News,  IV,  141)  as  a  variety  of  rubra 
Neum.  which  still  further  involves  the  synonymy  as  rubra  has  been 
listed  as  a  good  species  by  both  Hampson  and  Dyar  and  also  in  our 
recent  Hst ;  after  studying  the  types  we  can  see  nothing  except  color 
whereby  to  separate  rubra  and  danbyi  and  believe  they  are  correctly 
listed  as  forms  or  races ;  however,  pteridis  Hy.  Edw.  must  certainly 
take  priority  and  if  Hy.  Edwards'  conclusions  be  followed  then  the 
correct  name  for  this  species  would  be  vagans  Bdv.  This  is  a  matter 
impossible  to  be  determined  by  us  without  a  knowledge  of  the  actual 
type  specimens,  presumably  with  M.  Oberthur  in  Rennes,  France.  The 
size  given  by  Boisduval  for  vagans  rather  contradicts  Edwards'  the- 
ory as  pteridis  is  much  smaller  than  the  largest  fuliginosa;  judging 
by  descriptions  alone  we  incline  to  think  that  vagans  was  originally 
based  on  rather  dark  immaculate  5  's  and  rufida  on  a  9  of  one 
and  the  same  species  and  that  later  (1869)  Boisduval,  having  received 
more  specimens,  tried  to  divide  them  up  between  his  two  so-called 
species  with  rather  indifferent  success  as  he  himself  states  they  may 
be  mere  varieties  of  one  species  and  again  makes  no  mention  of  the 
quite  obvious  difference  in  size  to  be  found  between  pteridis  and 
rufula.  For  the  present  therefore  we  shall  follow  Stretch  in  listing 
vagans  Bdv.  rufula  Bdv.  and  punctata  Pack,  as  referring  to  a  single 
species  which  we  figure  on  PI.  XIV,  Figs.  1  and  3. 


87 

In  ATarch,  1881,  Hy.  Edwards  gives  the  name  proba  (Pap.  I,  39) 
to  the  mountain  form  of  vagans  {punctata)  distinguished  by  "having 
the  secondaries  always  concolorous  with  the  primaries  in  both  sexes 
and  by  the  maculate  band  being  more  broken  up  into  spots."  In  Oct., 
1881,  Butler,  misidentifying  the  9  vagans  as  rubra  Neum.  described 
as  a  new  species  under  the  name  walsinghami  a  single  red  $  from 
Rogue  (not  Rouge  as  given)  River,  S.  Oregon;  our  own  collecting 
experience  in  the  Shasta  region  of  Northern  California  proves  con- 
clusively that  walsinghami  is  nothing  more  than  the  9  of  proba  Hy. 
Edw.;  the  race,  as  stated  by  Hy.  Edwards,  seems  perfectly  constant, 
the  $'s  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  2)  being  dull  ochreous  with  more  or  less 
black  spotting  on  both  wings  and  the  9  's  (PI.  XIV,  Fig.  17)  rather 
bright  crimson  with  very  little  black  on  secondaries. 

Kasloa  Dyar  (1904,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  VI,  18)  would  seem  to 
be  a  northern  race  of  vagans,  characterized  by  the  bright  ruddy  wings 
in  both  sexes;  there  is  considerable  variability  in  the  maculation  of 
secondaries  and  pale  specimens  show  a  close  resemblance  to  proba  Hy. 
Edw.  which,  however,  we  have  never  seen  in  the  $  sex  with  ruddy 
suffusion. 

Bicolor  Wlk.  (1862,  Tr.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  I,  270),  a  species  omitted 
by  Hampson  but  listed  by  Dyar,  seems  correctly  referred  by  the  latter 
to  vagans. 

As  far  as  our  material  permits  us  to  judge,  ptcridis  Edw.  (PI. 
XIV,  Figs.  15,  16)  may  be  se]>arated  from  vagans  and  its  forms,  apart 
from  its  smaller  size,  by  the  fact  that  the  secondaries  in  both  sexes 
are  black  right  up  to  the  base  of  the  fringe,  whereas  in  those  speci- 
mens of  vagans  which  show  black  secondaries  we  find  a  distinct  pale 
marginal  area,  a  fact  which  fits  in  excellently  with  Boisduval's  char- 
acterization "fringes  broadly  yellowish-gray".  In  typical  vagans  the 
$  's  range  in  color  from  yellowish-ochre  to  deep  smoky  brown — we 
have  never  seen  any  red  $  's  nor  had  apparently  Stretch — the  9  's 
from  ruddy-brown  to  bright  brick-red,  the  secondaries  in  both  sexes 
being  more  or  less  heavily  suiifused  with  black;  the  race  proba  Edw. 
has  pale  ochreous  $  's  and  bright  red  9  's  with  secondaries  concol- 
orous with  primaries,  and  the  race  kasloa  Dyar  has  red  wings  in  both 
sexes  with  the  secondaries  showing  all  forms  of  variation  between 
black  and  red  in  which  latter  case  there  is  a  more  or  less  distinct 
maculate  submarginal  black  band. 


In  conclusion  we  offer  the  following  synonymy  to  replace  that 
of  our  List: 

955  vagans  Bdv. 

9      rufiila  Bdv. 

S     punctata  Pack. 

S      bicolor  Walk. 
a     proba  Hy.  Edzv. 

$     walsingbami  Butl. 
b    kasloa  Dyar. 

956  pteridis  Hy.  Edw. 

danbyi  Neum. 
a    rubra  Neum. 

Apantesis  ornata  hewletti  var.  nov.  (PI.  XIII,  Figs.  3,  4). 

We  have  received  from  Miss  Esther  Hewlett  of  Nellie,  San 
Diego  Co.,  Calif.,  specimens  of  an  apparent  race  of  ornata  which  on  ac- 
count of  the  fact  that  it  is  very  liable  to  be  confused  with  gencura  Stkr. 
{incorrupta  Hy.  Edw.)  and  its  forms  seems  worthy  of  being  named. 
It  differs  from  typical  ornata  in  having  the  subbasal  half-band  always 
well  developed ;  as  in  ornata  the  veins  are  only  marked  in  white  along 
the  outer  margin,  vein  1  being  also  slightly  marked  at  base  of  wing. 

The  subbasal  line  is  very  occasionally  met  with  in  ornata  but 
generally  speaking  it  is  entirely  absent  or  confined  to  a  slight  creamy 
mark  on  costa ;  French's  figure  of  his  9  sliastacnsis  (Can.  Ent.,  XXI, 
162)  is  one  of  these  instances ;  the  specimen,  however,  is  in  other 
respects  distinctly  aberrant  and  our  own  collecting  experiences  in  the 
type  locality  show  that  the  normal  form  is  without  this  band ;  the  3  's 
of  sliastacnsis  from  the  same  locality  French  considered  to  belong  to 
geneura  Stkr.  (1.  c.  p.  162)  although  we  are  convinced  that  the  two 
were  merely  sexes  of  one  species ;  these  S  's  were,  according  to 
description,  perfectly  normal  ornata.  We  therefore  do  not  believe 
that  the  name  sliastacnsis,  based  on  an  aberrant  9  from  a  totally 
different  locality,  can  be  applied  to  the  present  form. 

We  have  also  received  larvae  from  Miss  Hewlett  and  these,  al- 
though not  yet  full  grown,  correspond  well  with  Gibson's  description 
of  Stage  VI  of  ornata  larvae  (Can.  Ent.,  XXV,  122).  Miss  Hewlett 
tells  us  that  captured  specimens  are  generally  of  the  form  with  scarlet 
secondaries  whilst  her  bred  specimens  have  almost  invariably  shown 
yellow  secondaries,  due  probably  to  change  in  the  amount  of  moisture 


89 

in  her  breeding  cage  as  compared  with  out-door  conditions.  Our 
types  (  S  and  9  )  are  both  of  the  yellow-winged  form ;  we  do  not 
care  to  propose  a  name  for  the  red-winged  one,  as  both  occur  equally 
frequently  in  nature  in  all  the  forms  of  oniata;  we  also  have  specimens 
from  the  vicinity  of  San  Diego  which  show  the  lining  on  the  veins  as 
in  achaia  G.  &  R.  as  well  as  the  sub-basal  band  of  hczvletti,  an  addi- 
tional proof,  if  necessary,  that  in  Southern  California  we  find  a  race 
of  ornata  with  normally  well-developed  sub-basal  band. 

Pygarctia  eglenensis  Clem. 

This  species  has  generally  been  considered  to  be  the  same  as  inop- 
inatus  Hy.  Edw.  and  placed  by  Hampson  and  Dyar  in  the  genus  Am- 
malo  Wlk.  A  careful  reading  of  Clemens  prefatory  remarks  to  this 
species  (1860,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  Sci.  Phil.  pp.  532-3)  shows  that  the 
anterior  tibia  terminates  "in  front  in  a  rather  long  curved  spine"  which 
at  once  precludes  the  present  association.  We  therefore  in  our  recent 
list  transferred  eglenensis  Clem,  to  Pygarctia  and  left  inopinatus  Hy. 
Edw.  as  the  correct  name  for  eglenensis  Auct. ;  we  have  not  yet  identi- 
fied the  species. 

Halisdota  davisi  Hy.  Edw. 

In  our  list  we  placed  this  as  a  synonym  of  cinctipes  Grt.  but  agree, 
after  seeing  the  type,  with  Rothschild  (Nov.  Zool.  XVI,  282)  and 
Dyar  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  XLII,  52)  that  it  should  be  treated  as 
a  good  species ;  it  is  readily  recognized  by  the  paucity  of  the  macula- 
tion  of  primaries  which  is  usually  reduced  to  the  costal  and  discal 
spots.  Dr.  Dyar  considers  it  an  offshoot  of  undenvoodi  Roths,  but 
we  can  hardly  concur  with  this ;  to  us  it  would  seem  to  be  more  prob- 
ably an  immaculate  form  of  schausi,  the  ground  color  being  similar 
in  both  species.  Dr.  Dyar  lists  the  true  cinctipes  (which  is  a  Cuban 
species)  from  S.  Florida  (Proc.  Wash.  Ent.  Soc.  IV,  452) ;  we  have 
seen  no  Florida  material  of  the  typical  form,  our  only  Miami  speci- 
men being  a  small,  rather  faintly  marked  S  ,  apparently  closer  to 
schausi  insidaris  Roths,  than  to  typical  cinctipes;  however  the  occur- 
rence of  the  typical  form  there  is  very  probably  and  in  any  case  our 
material  is  far  too  scanty  to  warrant  any  definite  statements  regarding 
this  extremely  puzzling  group. 


90 

Arachnis  picta  verna  var.  nov.     (PI.  XIII,  Figs.  5,  6). 

We  have  received  a  series  of  an  Arachnis  from  a  correspondent 
in  Three  Rivers,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.,  which  does  not  exactly  match 
any  of  the  named  species  or  races  of  this  genus.  In  the  S  sex  it  is 
closest  in  maculation  to  maia  Ottol.  (PI.  XIII,  Fig.  7),  the  maculation 
and  color  of  primaries  on  upper  and  under  sides  being  practically 
identical ;  the  secondaries  however  on  the  upper  side  show  none  of 
the  hyaline  nature  so  characteristic  of  the  Coloradan  mam  but  are 
evenly  pink  with  three  broken  rows  of  black  spots  much  as  in  hampsoni 
Dyar ;  the  underside  shows  the  same  white  costal  spots  which  we  find 
in  maia  and  is  otherwise  similar  to  the  upperside  in  markings.  In  the 
S  sex  the  dorsal  dark  gray  markings  are  less  broad  than  in  tnaia 
(Fig.  8)  and  more  as  in  citra,  i.  e.,  the  basal  segments  show  a  narrow 
dark  median  line  broadening  gradually  towards  anal  segment  into  tri- 
angular or  diamond-shaped  patches ;  the  banding  of  the  secondaries 
is  also  more  as  in  citra  for  the  subterminal  blackish  band  is  broken 
into  spots,  not  broadly  continuous  as  in  maia,  and  the  terminal  border 
is  somewhat  reduced.  As  our  series  is  very  constant  in  these  respects 
and  as  we  also  possess  a  single  $  specimen  from  Eureka,  Utah  with 
similar  maculation  we  believe  we  are  justified  in  proposing  the  above 
racial  name  for  this  form  which  we  take  pleasure  in  naming  after  Mrs. 
Verna  Fry,  the  collector ;  the  status  of  the  various  forms  needs  carefully 
working  out  with  due  regard  to  genitalia  and  larvae  before  we  can  know 
whether  we  are  dealing  with  several  species  or  merely  races  of  picta; 
if  citra  should  prove  to  be  a  good  species  our  new  form  will  probably 
become  a  western  race  of  it  characterized  by  the  whiter  coloring  of 
the  bands ;  for  the  present  we  treat  it  as  a  race  of  picta;  our  types  series 
consists  of  3    S  's   and  6    9  's   all  from  the  above  mentioned  locality. 

Apantesis  franconia  Hy.  Edw. 

In  our  recent  List  we  made  this  a  form  of  figurata  Dru.  with 
preciosa  Ni.xon  as  a  synonym ;  in  the  Hy.  Edwards  Coll.  there  is  no 
specimen  marked  "type"  but  under  celia  is  a  specimen  labelled  "Fran- 
conia N.  H.  (Slosson)"  which  may  possibly  be  the  original  type  speci- 
men if  this  is  not  in  Mrs.  Slosson's  Collection.  According  to  this  speci- 
men we  believe  Dr.  Dyar  is  correct  in  listing  franconia  as  a  synonym 
of  celia,  which  leaves  the  name  preciosa  Nixon  for  the  yellow  form  of 
figurata;  celia  may  be  a  small  northern  race  of  figurata,  agreeing  as  it 
does  in  general  type  of  maculation,  but  until  exact  details  concerning 
the  larvae  are  available  any  such  reference  would  be  premature. 


91 


NOCTUIDAE 
AGROTINAE 

ScHiNiA  TERRiFiCA  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  14). 

Fore  tibiae  with  one  large  inner  claw  and  a  couple  of  spines  and  several 
(2-4)  smaller  outer  claws;  head  and  thorax  whitish-ochreous,  the  patagia 
slightly  shaded  with  pale  olivaceous ;  primaries  with  basal  area  light  pink, 
bounded  outwardly  by  the  slightly  deeper  t.  a.  line  which  is  strongly  bulging 
on  median  vein ;  median  space  pale  whitish  ochreous  crossed  by  a  broad  oliva- 
ceous brown  median  shade  which  occupies  most  of  this  space  at  inner  margin 
and  contains  below  costa  a  diffuse  blackish  reniform  spot;  outer  margin  of 
median  space  forms  t.  p.  line  which  is  not  otherwise  indicated,  being  evenly 
sinuate  with  veins  somewhat  dentated  by  white  markings ;  subterminal  space 
pink,  this  color  extending  through  the  terminal  interspaces  to  outer  margin, 
the  veins  themselves  being  broadly  bordered  with  whitish,  giving  a  marked 
striate  appearance ;  fringes  checkered  white  and  olive-brown ;  secondaries  white, 
shaded  with  smoky  at  base  and  along  inner  margin  and  with  a  broad  terminal 
dark  band,  broken  somewhat  by  whitish  shades  with  a  faint  pink  sprinkling ;  a 
large  diffuse  discal  spot.  Beneath  whitish,  shaded  outwardly  with  pink  and 
smoky  and  with  large  discal  spots  on  all  wings.    Expanse  33  mm. 

Habitat:     Colorado   (Oslar,  Bruce).     4^,1     $.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

This  species  has  been  for  years  in  our  collection  under  the  name 
of  gloriosa  Stkr. ;  a  recent  study  of  the  type  (which  we  figure  on  PI. 
XVIII,  Fig.  15)  shows  that  this  latter  species  is  very  closely  related 
to  sanguinea  Geyer  of  which  it  may  be  merely  a  form  or  race;  our 
Colorado  species  is  a  much  paler  and  more  diffusely  marked  form. 

Hemigrotella  gen.  nov.  (Type  HemigrotcUa  argenteo-striata  sp. 
nov.). 
Palpi  oblique,  short,  heavily  scaled ;  squammation  of  head  and  thorax 
smooth,  scaly;  front  somewhat  roundedly  protuberant  but  without  tubercle; 
fore  tibia  with  strong  terminal  claw,  unspined ;  mid  tibia  with  inner  row  of 
large  spines;  hind  tibia  with  single  spine  between  the  spurs;  venation  normal; 
primaries  long,  narrow,  costal  and  inner  margins  subparallel. 

H.    ARGENTEOSTRIATA    sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XVII,    Fig.    15). 

Palpi,  head  and  thorax  white,  patagia  tinged  with  yellow ;  abdomen  light 
gray ;  primaries  yellow-ochre  with  a  silver  costal  stripe  narrowing  towards 
apex  and  three  broad  silver  stripes,  one  from  base  to  middle  of  wing  below 
cell,  the  second  from  cell  to  near  outer  margin,  the  third,  smaller,  triangular, 


92 

below   apex   of   wing ;    fringes   white ;   secondaries   white,   tinged    with   smoky, 
especially  in    9.    Beneath  silvery-white.     Expanse  24  mm. 

Habitat:  Palm  Spgs.,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  (Mch.,  Apr.).  8  $.3  9. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Grotella  spaldingi  B.  &  McD.     (PI.  XVII,  Fig.  16). 

We  have  before  us  long  series  of  this  species  from  Pahn  Springs, 
Riverside  Co.,  CaHf.,  and  Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif. ;  there  is  a  ten- 
dency in  the  Californian  form  to  show  a  distinct  checkering  in  the 
fringes  which  in  our  typical  Utah  series  is  lacking;  this  feature  is 
however  not  constant  as  a  number  of  our  Olancha  specimens  are  en- 
tirely without  it  and  cannot  be  separated  from  the  Utah  form.  We 
figure  a  specimen  with  the  checkered  nature  of  tlie  fringes  well  defined. 

EUXOA    CINNABARINA    sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XV,    Fig.    1). 

Head  and  thorax  rich  cinnamon-brown,  collar  crossed  by  a  pale  band 
above  base ;  primaries  cinnamon-brown  with  the  median  space  deeper  in  color 
than  remainder  of  wing;  subcostal  and  median  veins  outlined  in  white  to  end 
of  cell,  the  angle  between  them  at  base  of  wing  more  or  less  filled  with  whitish, 
vein  1  faintly  white  marked;  basal  half  line  indicated  by  a  whitish  streak  on 
costa ;  t.  a.  line  blackish,  regularly  dentate,  slightly  outwardly  obHque,  bordered 
inwardly  at  costa  with  whitish,  which  is  continued  across  wing  as  a  paler  brown 
shade  than  ground  color ;  orbicular  obliquely  oval,  outlined  in  yellowish  and 
black  and  filled  with  brown;  reniform  lunate,  similar  to  orbicular  in  color  with 
slight  whitish  filling  in  lower  portion;  claviform  a  small  dark  loop;  t.  p.  line 
dark,  dentate,  bent  out  below  costa,  incurved  below  cell,  bordered  at  costa 
by  a  white  line  outwardly  continued  faintly  across  wing  by  a  yellowish  shade ; 
s.  t.  line  distinct,  irregular,  pale  yellowish;  slightly  shaded  inwardly  by  smoky; 
a  black  broken  terminal  line ;  fringes  ruddy  at  base,  paler  outwardly.  Second- 
aries light  smoky  with  pale  fringes  and  a  rather  well-marked  discal  lunule. 
Beneath  whitish  ochreous,  tinged  with  pinkish  along  costa  of  both  wings, 
broadest  on  secondaries ;  a  discal  spot  on  all  wings,  that  of  primaries  more 
or  less  surrounded  by  smoky  shading;  abdomen  ochreous  above,  pinkish  be- 
neath.   Expanse    $    33  mm. ;    9    41  mm. 

Habitat:  $  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.  (Aug.);  9  Nellie, 
S.  Diego  Co.,  Calif.   (July).    3    5,    1    9. 

This  handsome  species  belongs  close  to  divcrgens  but  is  readily 
recognized  by  the  bright  cinnamon  color  of  the  primaries;  it  lacks  the 
black  basal  dash  of  divergens  Wlk. 

Agrotis  fortiter  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XV,  Fig.  4). 

Palpi,  head,  thorax,  and  primaries  deep  unicolorous  purple-brown,  the 
latter  slightly  shaded  with  grayish ;  maculation  very  obscure,  t.  a.  line  indicated 


93 

by  a  few  black  dots  on  veins ;  t.  p.  line  rather  better  defined,  bent  outward  below 
costa,  incurved  in  fold  with  black  dots  on  veins  just  beyond  it  giving  a  dentate 
appearance;  reniform  and  orbicular  obsolescent;  terminally  the  veins  are  finely 
black-lined ;  an  ochreous  line  at  base  of  fringes.  Secondaries  white  basally 
with  broad  smoky  terminal  shading  and  pale  ochreous  basal  fringe-line.  Be- 
neath primaries  smoky  gray,  rather  irridescent  basally,  with  curved  black  post- 
median  line ;  secondaries  hyaline  white  broadly  sprinkled  with  smoky-brown 
along  costa,  this  portion  crossed  by  a  continuation  of  the  dark  line  of  primaries. 
Expanse  35  mm. 

Habitat:  Stockton,  Ut.  (Spalding)  (July  30);  Glenwood  Spgs.,  Colo. 
(July  8-15).    2    5.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Closely  resembles  exculpairix  Dyar  but  differs  in  lacking  the  dis- 
tinctly black  front  of  this  species,  the  head  and  thorax  being  concolor- 
ous ;  the  veins  are  also  much  less  distinctly  outlined  in  black ;  in  respect 
to  the  concolorous  nature  of  the  front,  it  agrees  with  corrodcra  Sm. 
but  the  primaries  show  none  of  the  red-brown  coloring  of  this  species 
nor  the  heavy  black  veining. 

Anytus  connecta  Sm. 

This  species,  described  as  a  Polia  and  placed  in  our  list  in  the 
genus  Eumichtis,  must  be  transferred  to  the  genus  Anytus  as  the  mid 
tibiae  are  rather  feebly  spined  and  the  hind  tibiae  show  constantly  a 
single  spine  between  the  spurs;  the  species  is  well  figured  by  Smith 
(Tr.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  XVII,  PI.  Ill,  Fig.  2)  and  while  allied  to  discors 
Grt.  should  be  readily  recognizable  by  the  large  pale  orbicular  and 
the  white  shading  beyond  the  t.  p.  line  above  the  inner  margin;  the 
type  locality  is  Glenwood  Spgs.,  Colo.,  and  besides  specimens  from 
there  which  we  have  compared  with  the  type  in  the  National  Museum 
we  have  series  from  Eureka,  Utah,  and  Palmerlee,  Ariz. ;  cupola  Hamp. 
described  from  material  from  Eureka,  Utah,  (Ann.  Mag.  N.  Hist.  (8) 
XII,  590)  may  prove  to  be  a  synonym  but  without  a  knowledge  of  the 
type  we  are  unable  to  definitely  place  this  species. 

Pronoctua  pyrophiloides  peabodyae  Dyar. 

This  form  was  described  in  a  paper  entitled  "List  of  Lepidoptera 
taken  at  Williams,  Ariz."  from  a  single  9  with  pinkish  ground  color 
instead  of  the  gray  color  of  Californian  specimen;  Dr.  Dyar  men- 
tions also  a  S  taken  at  Bluflf,  Utah.  Both  these  specimens  are  marked 
"type"  in  the  National  Museum,  but  it  seems  well  to  restrict  the  type 
to  the     9     specimen  from  Arizona  as  the     S     is  very  worn  and  the 


94 

pinkish  color  is  doubtless  due  to  discoloration,  as  a  careful  examina- 
tion showed  us  traces  of  the  original  gray  ground  color  on  a  small 
section  of  the  primaries. 

Protagrotis  EXTENSA  Sm.     (PI.  XV,  Fig.  2). 

This  species,  at  present  listed  under  the  genus  Lupcrina,  should 
be  transferred  to  the  genus  Protagrotis  Hamp.  as  the  hind  tibiae  show 
a  single  spine  between  the  upper  and  lower  pairs  of  spurs.  The  species 
is  closely  related  to  nh<eivenosa  Grt.  but  lacks  the  white  veins  of  pri- 
maries and  is  generally  deeper  in  color. 

HADENINAE 

SCOTOGRAMMA    FULGORA    sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XVI,    Fig.    9). 

Head  and  thorax  deep  gray,  collar  tipped  with  white  and  crossed  by  a 
black  line ;  patagia  with  well  defined  black  line  near  upper  margin ;  primaries 
dark  smoky  gray;  a  slight  black  dash  at  base;  t.  a.  line  obsolescent,  geminate, 
thrice  dentate,  preceded  above  inner  margin  by  an  oblique  smoky  shade ;  clavi- 
form  prominent,  large,  outlined  in  black  and  filled  with  smoky ;  orbicular  a 
decumbent  oval,  outlined  in  white;  reniform  moderate,  filled  with  a  smoky 
shade  in  lower  portion,  incompletely  outlined  in  white  and  black  toward  costa ; 
t.  p.  line  obsolescent,  geminate,  sinuate ;  s.  t.  line  prominent  white,  forming  a 
distinct  W  mark  on  veins  3  and  4,  angled  outwardly  below  costa  and  bent  out 
on  vein  1  to  outer  margin,  preceded  by  dark  streaks  in  central  portion ;  ter- 
minal dark  broken  lunulate  line ;  fringes  smoky-gray  cut  by  paler  opposite  the 
veins.  Secondaries  whitish  with  a  broad  smoky  terminal  suffusion  and  veins 
outlined  in  smoky ;  fringe  pale  with  central  dusky  line.  Beneath  primaries 
smoky,  sprinkled  with  white  along  costa  and  outwardly  with  prominent  dark 
discal  lunules ;  secondaries  whitish,  heavily  sprinkled  with  smoky  especially 
along  costa  and  outer  margin.    Expanse  27  mm. 

Habitat:     Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,   Calif.    (Apr.)     1     $.    Type,  Coll.   Barnes. 

The  species  has  probably  been  confused  with  hadcniformis  Sm. 
but  differs  structurally,  this  latter  species  possessing  a  lunulate  frontal 
prominence  with  large  central  tubercle,  whereas  our  species  has  merely 
a  rounded  protuberance  as  in  trifolii.  We  have  three  other  specitnens 
collected  by  O.  Poling  in  Southern  Utah. 

PoLiA  IMPOLITA  Morr. 

The  identity  of  this  species  has  been  for  years  more  or  less  of  a 
puzzle ;  in  our  list  we  followed  Hampson,  placing  the  species  in  Scoto- 
gramma,  but  it  was  unknown  to  us  at  the  time.  The  species  was  de- 
scribed from  a  single  specimen  received  from  Prof.  Belanger  of  Quebec 


95 

and  recently  through  the  kind  offices  of  Mr.  G.  Maheux,  Provincial 
Entomologist  of  Quebec,  we  have  been  able  to  trace  this  type  in  the 
Collection  of  Laval  University,  Quebec,  and  have  received  a  photograph 
of  the  same.  It  turns  out  to  be  the  same  species  as  cristifera  Wlk. 
and  the  name  must  therefore  be  removed  from  Scotogramma  and  sunk 
as  a  synonym  of  this  earlier  name. 

POLIA    SUBJUNCTA    G.    &    R. 

This  species  has  a  very  wide  range  extending  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific  and  from  British  Columbia  on  the  north  to  Southern 
California  in  the  south;  it  is  not  surprising,  therefore,  that  several 
more  or  less  well  defined  races  can  be  separated ;  one  of  the  best 
marked  of  these  we  have  received  from  Southern  California,  it  differ- 
ing from  the  typical  form  of  the  Atlantic  States  in  the  general  much 
lighter  and  grayer  color  and  the  almost  entire  absence  of  the  carneous 
shades,  especially  beyond  the  reniform ;  above  the  basal  streak  and 
beyond  the  claviform  the  reddish  shade  still  persists,  but  the  general 
impression  is  that  of  a  distinctly  gray  species.  We  propose  the  racial 
name  eleanora  for  this  form,  our  type  series  consisting  of  2  3  and 
6  9  from  Nellie,  Palomar  Mt.,  S.  Diego  Co.,  Calif.  We  figure  the 
form  on  PI.  XVI,  Fig.  1. 

POLIA    HANHAMI    B.    &    McD. 

In  Central  and  Southern  California  this  species  assumes  quite  a 
different  aspect  from  that  of  the  typical  Vancouver  Is.  form  (PI.  XVI, 
Fig.  6) ;  in  the  Calif ornian  race  (Fig.  5)  the  ground  color  of  pri- 
maries is  a  pale  flesh-color  and  the  rather  heavy  blackish  suffusion  in 
the  median  and  terminal  spaces  is  greatly  reduced,  the  dark  median 
shade  and  the  black-filled  lower  portion  of  reniform  show  very  clearly 
in  consequence;  this  latter  has  a  couple  of  whitish  dots  on  each  side 
of  the  black  filling  but  there  is  no  trace  of  any  white  suffusion  beyond 
the  reniform  as  is  often  seen  in  the  typical  form.  We  propose  the 
racial  name  semicarnea  for  this  form,  our  type  series  consisting  of 
4  S  and  3  9  from  Camp  Baldy,  S.  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif.  (June- 
July)  ;  we  also  have  the  species  from  Middle  Calif,  and  Nellie,  San 
Diego  Co.,  Calif. 

POLIA  PULVERULENTA   Sm.      (PI.   XVI,   Figs.  2,   3). 

Through  the  kindness  of  Prof.  H.  T.  Fernald  of  Amherst,  Mass., 
we  have  received  a  photograph  of  the  unique  type  of  this  species  con- 


96 

tained  in  Mrs.  Fernald's  Collection,  now  in  the  possession  of  the 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  College;  the  species  is  a  good  one  and  not 
a  form  of  assimilis  as  listed ;  it  is  one  of  those  northern  forms  which 
extend  across  the  entire  continent  and  is  apparently  commoner  on 
the  Pacific  coast  than  in  the  east ;  we  have  a  series  of  specimens  from 
Ketchikan,  Alaska,  and  have  seen  several  from  the  vicinity  of  Vic- 
toria, B.  C. ;  it  is  also  reported  from  various  localities  in  the  Canadian 
Rockies  and  from  Winnipeg,  Man.  Mr.  Wolley-Dod's  remarks  in 
the  Report  of  the  Ent.  Soc.  Ont.  for  1910,  p.  110  concerning  the  species 
are  perfectly  correct  and  it  was  due  to  the  fact  that  our  attention  was 
called  to  this  note  by  Mr.  E.  Blackmore  of  Victoria  that  we  were 
spared  from  describing  the  Pacific  coast  specimens  as  a  new  species. 
The  $  genitalia,  while  essentially  of  the  same  general  type,  show 
sufficient  difference  from  assimilis  in  the  finer  detail  to  leave  no  doubt 
as  to  its  specific  distinctness ;  our  series  shows  considerable  variation 
in  the  size  and  shape  of  the  spots  and  in  the  distinctness  of  the  macu- 
lation ;  we  figure  a  couple  of  specimens  to  illustrate  this. 

Epia  amabilis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  4). 

Head  and  thorax  deep  smoky  gray,  collar  crossed  by  a  black  line ;  pro 
and  mesothoracic  tufts  tipped  with  black;  primaries  deep  gray;  basal  half-line 
geminate,  inner  line  black,  broken,  outer  one  gray,  indistinct ;  t.  a.  line  out- 
wardly oblique,  geminate,  almost  rigid,  inner  line  gray,  outer  black ;  t.  p.  line 
rather  squarely  exserted  around  cell,  strongly  incurved  in  the  submedian  fold, 
geminate,  inner  line  black,  outer  gray,  slightly  crenulate ;  median  space  below 
cell  black  shaded,  obscuring  a  small  black  claviform,  orbicular  large,  round, 
pale  with  darker  central  area ;  renif orm  moderate,  lunate,  edged  with  white 
and  then  with  black,  most  prominently  on  inner  side ;  s.  t.  line  pale,  arising 
from  a  dark  costal  shade  and  edged  inwardly  with  smoky,  forming  a  small  W 
mark  on  veins  3  and  4,  preceded  by  short  black  dashes ;  terminal  dark  crenulate 
line;  fringes  dusky.  Secondaries  dark  smoky,  paler  basally  with  dark  discal 
lunule.  Beneath  smoky,  both  wings  paler  basally,  secondaries  most  promin- 
ently so ;  discal  dot  on  all  wings ;  postmedian  dark  line  on  secondaries.  Ex- 
panse 29  mm. 

Habitat:  Loma  Linda,  S.  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif.  1  $  Type,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  species  is  allied  to  niinorata  Sm.  but  differs  from  the  type, 
with  which  we  recently  compared  it,  by  the  lack  of  brown  shades  on 
primaries  and  the  more  strongly  incurved  nature  of  the  t.  p.  line  below 
cell. 


97 

Nephelodes  demaculata  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XV,  Fig.  3). 

Head  and  thorax  deep  ochreous,  at  times  tinged  with  purplish ;  primaries 
deep  ochreous,  in  some  specimens  with  a  decided  violaceous  tinge ;  the  macu- 
lation  is  of  the  usual  type  but  so  obscured  as  to  be  practically  obsolete;  the 
t.  p.  line  is  the  best  defined  due  to  the  paler  character  of  the  subterminal  and 
terminal  areas  which  further  show  the  veins  outlined  in  dusky;  the  outer  half 
of  the  median  area  is  often  the  darkest  portion  of  the  wing;  secondaries  deep 
smoky  with  pale  fringes.  Beneath  light  ochreous  with  faint  discal  dots  and 
obscure  postmedian  line.     Expanse  38  mm. 

Habitat:  Plumas  Co.,  Calif.  (Aug.-Sept.)  7  S,  1  9.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  peculiar  coloration  of  this  species,  which  resembles  that  of 
some  of  the  Agropcrina  group,  should  readily  distinguish  it  from  pec- 
titiata  Sm.  with  which  it  agrees  in  antenna!  structure;  the  lack  of 
maculation  is  also  characteristic;  in  none  of  our  specimens  is  the  reni- 
form  distinct  but  in  a  few  it  can  just  be  traced  as  a  faint  palish  patch. 

Xylomyges  cognata  Sm.     (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  10). 

We  have  already  had  occasion  (Contrib.  II  (1),  16,  PI.  VII, 
Figs.  13-15)  to  comment  on  the  variability  of  this  species;  it  was 
described  from  three  S  specimens  from  Vancouver  Is.,  B.  C,  Oregon 
and  Colorado  (Bruce),  this  last  specimen  being  in  the  collection  of  the 
National  Museum  and  marked  "type" ;  we  have  seen  no  other  Colo- 
rado material  besides  this  type,  but  specimens  from  Vancouver  Is. 
which  we  compared  with  it  agree  so  that  this  form  may  be  regarded 
as  typical;  Smith's  figure  of  the  species  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  XXI, 
PI.  V,  Fig.  3)  also  agrees  with  our  figures  13  and  14.  With  regard 
to  this  latter  specimen  it  bears  the  label  "Calgary,  Alta."  but  is  prob- 
ably a  portion  of  the  material  distributed  by  Neumoegen  labelled 
indiscriminately  "Ft.  Calgary,  Brit.  Columbia"  or  "N.  W.  B.  C,"  and 
which  was  mostly  collected  by  Danby  in  the  Kootenay  District  of 
British  Columbia;  Mr.  Wolley  Dod  states  that  the  species  never  has 
been  taken  at  Calgary,  Alta. 

We  have  recently  received  more  material  of  the  California  form 
(which  we  figured  previously  in  Fig.  15)  froin  Eldridge,  Sonoma  Co. ; 
it  diflfers  from  the  typical  form  in  the  even  olivaceous  gray  colora- 
tion of  the  primaries  with  obscure  maculation ;  it  is  also  considerably 
smaller  in  size.  As  it  seems  perfectly  constant  in  these  characteristics 
we  propose  for  it  the  name  minorata  (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  11),  our  types 


98 

being  5    £,2    9    from  the  above  mentioned  locality ;  it  also  occurs  in 
a  very  slightly  different  form  in  Southern  California. 

Along  with  minorata  we  received  a  series  of  a  closely  allied  species 
which  has  possibly  been  confused  with  cognata  but  for  which  there 
appears  to  be  no  name  available ;  we  describe  it  as  follows : 

Xylomvges  februalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  12). 

Collar  and  thorax  with  thick  vestiture  composed  of  whitish  scales,  vari- 
ably and  contrastingly  mixed  with  black;  a  black  transverse  line  across  collar; 
primaries  white  suffused  with  black  (at  times  largely  black)  and  shaded  with 
olivaceous  ochreous,  especially  at  base  of  wing  and  around  reniform;  macula- 
tion  much  as  in  cognata  but  better  defined;  subbasal  line  geminate,  crenu- 
late,  white  filled,  followed  below  cubital  vein  by  a  broad  blackish  shade 
connecting  it  with  t.  a.  line;  subbasal  space  largely  dark,  distinctly  olivaceous 
ochreous  along  inner  margin;  t.  a.  line  geminate,  prominently  white-filled, 
irregularly  dentate;  claviform  variable  in  size,  usually  large,  outlined  in 
black,  filled  with  olivaceous;  orbicular  inconspicuous,  large,  oval,  outlined 
in  black,  white  filled;  reniform  large,  broad,  irregularly  lunate,  whitish, 
shaded  with  olivaceous  in  lower  portion  and  with  central  dark  lunula;  median 
shade  broad,  dark,  outwardly  oblique  to  base  of  reniform,  then  angled,  narrow, 
dentate  and  parallel  to  t.  p.  line,  the  median  space  beyond  it  largely  olivaceous; 
t.  p.  line  strongly  crenulatc,  broadly  geminate,  white  filled,  well  bent  out  beyond 
reniform,  then  inwardly  oblique  and  closely  approached  to  median  shade;  s.  t. 
line  whitish,  irregular,  slightly  dentate  on  veins  3  and  4,  preceded  by  black 
shades  and  followed  by  a  black  suffusion  which  occupies  the  whole  terminal 
area  except  at  apex  of  wing  which  is  pale;  a  narrow  white  terminal  line; 
fringes  dark,  cut  by  white  opposite  veins.  Secondaries  whitish,  slightly  sprinkled 
with  smoky  and  with  a  prominent  dark  discal  dot  and  terminal  line ;  a  faint 
curved  median  line.  Beneath  primaries  pale  with  traces  of  a  dark  postmedian 
line  bent  slightly  at  costa ;  secondaries  much  as  above,  rather  paler  with  stronger 
maculation.    Expanse  37  mm. 

Habitat:  Eldridge,  Sonoma  Co.,  Calif.  (Feb.)  8^,  2  9.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  species  is  readily  separated  from  the  form  minorata  which 
occurs  with  it  by  the  larger  size,  the  much  more  contrasted  maculation 
and  the  strikingly  black  and  white  thoracic  vestiture;  from  typical 
cognata  which  it  more  nearly  approaches  it  may  be  quickly  distin- 
guished by  the  entirely  blackish  terminal  area  of  primaries ;  the  macu- 
lation, especially  the  t.  p.  line,  is  better  defined,  this  line  being  more 
strongly  and  evenly  crenulate  above  the  inner  margin  than  in  cognata. 
The  $  genitalia  are  very  similar  but  there  are  minor  points  of  dis- 
tinction which  point  to  specific  distinctness;  in  cognata  the  terminal 


99 

area  of  the  claspers  is  deeply  and  triangularly  excavated,  leaving 
sharp  dorsal  and  ventral  teeth  or  spines;  in  our  species  these  spines 
are  much  smaller  and  the  triangular  excavation  less  prominent ;  the 
harpe  is  also  more  slender  and  rather  longer  than  in  cognata.  There 
is  considerable  variation  in  the  amount  of  black  shading  on  the  pri- 
maries, a  few  specimens  before  us  being  very  strongly  suffused  witli 
this  color  with  almost  no  olivaceous  shading. 

CiRPHis  INCOGNITA  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVII,  Figs.  6,  9). 

Head  and  thorax  light  ochreous,  collar  rather  pinkish  in  color  and  crossed 
by  two  or  three  dark  lines,  patagia  with  a  few  dark  scales ;  primaries  ochreous, 
sprinkled  faintly  with  dark  dots  and  with  faint  brownish  lines  on  each  side  of 
the  veins  and  in  the  center  of  each  interspace  beyond  the  cell;  the  veins  them- 
selves beyond  the  cell  are  faintly  white ;  a  dark  streak  extends  along  the  median 
vein  from  base  of  wing  to  t.  p.  line,  containing  a  small  white  spot  or  comma 
mark  with  dark  central  dot  at  lower  angle  of  cell ;  t.  p.  line  a  curved  series 
of  black  dots  at  times  very  well  marked  and  joined  to  form  a  dentate  line ;  a 
faint  trace  of  the  dark  subapical  triangular  shade ;  terminal  line  of  dark  dots ; 
fringes  with  palish  basal  line.  Secondaries  in  both  sexes  shiny  white  with 
faint  dark  terminal  dots,  not  reaching  inner  angle.  Beneath  primaries  and 
costa  of  secondaries  pale  smoky;  remainder  of  secondaries  whitish;  terminal 
dark  dots  to  both  wings.     Expanse  30  mm. 

Habitat  :     Brownsville,  Texas.    6    S ,   6    9 .     Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

This  is  the  species  we  figured  in  Contr.  II,  (1),  PI.  IX,  Fig.  14 
as  doubtfully  texana  Morr. ;  it  having  been  proved  by  an  examination 
of  the  type  that  texana  is  correctly  referred  to  ligata  by  Hampson  it 
remained  to  find  a  name  for  our  Brownsville  species  which  we  have 
been  unable  to  do;  by  Hampson's  keys  it  would  fall  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  latiuscida  H.  S.  but  is  certainly  not  this  species,  being  much 
paler  in  color  without  any  ruddy  tinges,  with  pure  white  secondaries 
and  of  much  smaller  size;  it  would  seem  to  be  closer  to  punctifera 
Moesch.  which  Hampson  lists  as  a  synonym  of  latiuscida  but  which 
from  the  description  has  white  secondaries.  It  also  bears  quite  a 
resemblance  to  the  figure  of  cinereicollis  Wlk.  given  by  Hampson 
(Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  B.  M.,  V,  PI.  93,  Fig.  18)  but  lacks  the  black  streak 
below  base  of  cell  of  this  species. 

The  9  's  are  usually  better  marked  than  the  $  's,  at  times  showing 
traces  of  a  punctiform  t.  a.  line,  forming  a  slight  outward  angle  in  sub- 
median  fold ;  the  genital  tufting  of  the    $    is  ochreous. 


100 

CUCULLIINAE 

CoPicucuLLiA  BASiPUNCTA  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  5). 

Palpi  and  head  deep  gray  sprinkled  with  white;  antennal  region  with  two 
dark  transverse  lines;  tegulae  white  with  dark  line  at  base  and  a  faint  one 
near  tips  which  are  also  blackish ;  patagia  and  thorax  gray,  former  with  a  dark 
line  near  posterior  margin;  metathoracic  tuft  large,  black;  abdomen  pale 
ochreous.  Primaries  blue-gray  with  the  usual  strigate  appearance  caused  by 
the  veins  being  faintly  outlined  in  black ;  a  distinct  black  dot  at  base  of  wing 
below  costa ;  t.  a.  line  arising  from  a  small  dark  costal  patch,  indistinct  in  costal 
region  with  prominent  outward  tooth  below  cell  and  a  smaller  tooth  at  inner 
margin,  heavily  marked  in  black  and  preceded  by  some  black  shading ;  orbicular 
and  reniform  included  in  a  dark  costal  shade,  former  round,  with  pale  center, 
ringed  with  white  and  black,  reniform  large  with  pale  central  lunule,  similarly 
outlined  to  orbicular ;  t.  p.  line  faint,  pale,  crenulate,  bent  outward  below  costa, 
then  subparallel  to  margin,  marked  inwardly  in  submedian  fold  and  at  inner 
margin  by  black  spots,  the  former  preceded  by  a  prominent  white  streak  con- 
necting it  with  the  tooth  of  the  t.  a.  line;  faint  pale  streaks  between  the  veins 
terminally  and  a  dark  blotch  above  inner  angle  drawn  rearward  to  a  point 
which  almost  touches  t.  p.  line ;  fringes  alternately  pale  and  dark.  Secondaries 
shiny  white  with  veins  slightly  outlined  in  dark.  Beneath  primaries  pale  gray 
with  darker  costa  and  fringes,  latter  checkered  basally  with  white ;  secondaries 
as  above.     Expanse  35  mm. 

Habitat:  Palm  Spgs.,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  (Mch.)  1  S.  Type,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

This  very  distinct  species  should  be  easily  recognized  by  the 
pure  white  secondaries,  the  basal  black  dot  and  the  white  quadrate 
patch  in  the  submedian  fold. 

Oncocnemis  primula  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVII,  Fig.  3). 

Head  and  thorax  a  delicate  flesh  color,  a  transverse  dark  band  on  tegulae, 
patagia  with  two  black  spots  and  a  larger  black  spot  on  mesothorax  centro- 
dorsally;  squammation  largely  hairy.  Primaries  flesh-color,  the  median  area 
largely  suffused  with  black  on  which  background  a  small  round  orbicular  with 
central  black  dot  and  a  very  large,  almost  quadrate,  reniform  stand  out  sharply; 
slight  dark  basal  shading;  t.  a.  line  upright,  black,  irregular;  t.  p.  line  gem- 
inate, costal  portion  lost  in  black  shading,  lower  portion  inwardly  oblique  and 
dentate ;  slight  black  subterminal  spotting  consisting  of  a  costal  blotch,  a  slight 
patch  around  vein  3  and  another  at  anal  angle ;  fringes  concolorous,  with 
incomplete  row  of  dark  basal  dots.  Secondaries  in  both  sexes  white  with  a 
geminate  black  dot  at  anal  angle  which  in  the  9  shows  traces  of  being 
continued  toward  costa  as  a  dark  s.  t.  line.  Beneath  white  with  maculation  of 
upper  side  partially  visible.    Expanse  31  mm. 

Habitat:  Palm  Spgs.,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  (Mch.)  1  ^,1  $.  Types. 
Coll.  Barnes. 


101 

Closely  allied  to  flagrantis  Sm.,  differing  in  the  larger  size,  brighter 
cx)loration,  and  white  secondaries  in  both  sexes. 

Graptolitha  puella  Sm. 

The  acquisition  recently  of  the  co-type  of  this  species  from  the  Doll 
Collection  shows  that  the  figure  given  in  Hampson's  Cat.  Lep.  Het. 
Brit.  Mus.  PI.  CII,  Fig.  30,  is  very  faulty,  much  too  pale  and  apt  to 
give  an  entirely  erroneous  impression  of  the  species ;  it  is  only  fair, 
however,  to  Sir  Geo.  Hampson  to  state  that  the  species  was  unknown 
to  him  and  his  figure  is  merely  a  reproduction  of  a  colored  drawing 
of  the  type  in  the  National  Museum  which  was  evidently  poorly  exe- 
cuted;  Smith's  original  photograph  (Tr  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  XXVII,  PI. 
IV,  Fig.  25)  gives  a  much  better  idea  of  the  species  and  shows  it  to 
be  extremely  close  to  what  we  described  later  from  Kerrville,  Texas, 
as  laccyi  (Contr.  II,  (3),  p.  Ill),  in  fact  they  are  so  close  that  we 
should  be  inclined  to  consider  the  two  names  as  synonymous  if  it 
were  not  for  the  widely  separated  type  localities,  the  two  specimens 
of  pnclla  being  labelled  California;  of  course  there  is  the  possibility 
that  this  label  is  erroneous  as  many  of  the  older  collectors  (from  one 
of  whom  these  type  specimens  apparently  came)  were  careless  in 
their  data,  but  lacking  at  the  present  time  sufficient  material,  we 
believe  it  safer  to  associate  the  two  names  closely  and  leave  the  matter 
of  their  identity  or  distinctness  to  be  settled  when  more  material  is 
available. 

EUROTYPE   ANCEPS    Steph. 

In  111.  Brit.  Ent.  Haust.,  Ill,  31,  PI.  26,  Fig.  2,  Stephens  describes 
and  figures  a  species  which  he  doubtfully  calls  polymita  Linn. ;  in  his 
Cat.  Lep.  Brit.  Mus.  1850,  p.  285,  he  proposes  the  name  anceps  for 
the  same  species,  having  evidently  recognized  that  it  was  not  the 
true  polymita  and  lists  it  as  doubtfully  North  American.  Sir  Geo. 
Hampson  to  whom  we  referred  the  matter,  writes  us  that  Stephens 
figure  agrees  exactly  with  the  type  of  aciitiss-ima  Grt.  and  we  thor- 
oughly concur  with  him  in  this  reference.  As  Stephens'  name  has 
priority  the  synonymy  of  the  species  must  be  changed  as  follows : 
anceps  Steph. 

polymita  Steph.  {nee  Linn.) 
acutissima  Grt. 
form  confragosa  Morr. 
medialis  Grt. 


102 

CONISTRA   SIDUS   Gn. 

In  our  recent  List  we  followed  Hampson  in  making  ivalkcri  Grt. 
a  synonym  of  sidus  Gn.  and  listing  vinulenta  Grt.  as  an  aberrational 
form.  We  believe,  however,  after  a  study  of  the  original  descriptions 
that  it  will  be  more  correct  to  list  vinulenta  as  the  synonym  and  walkeri 
as  the  form. 

Guenee  in  his  description  gives  the  color  of  sidus  as  even  brick- 
red  with  a  yellow  reniform  which  he  remarks  will  probably  also  be 
white  in  some  specimens  as  in  the  European  satellitia;  Grote's  descrip- 
tion of  vinulenta  was  based  on  a  red  specimen  with  white  reniform 
as  a  reference  to  his  description  and  the  colored  figure  given  clearly 
shows;  the  difference  between  the  two  is  therefore  merely  a  slightly 
different  shade  of  the  reniform  which  scarcely  warrants  a  name  in  our 
opinion.  There  is  no  type  of  vinulenta  labelled  as  such  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Academy  where  the  type  should  be,  but  there  is  an  old  speci- 
men with  a  label  "No.  239"  which  agrees  excellently  with  Grote's 
figure  and  which  is  probably  the  original  type  specimen. 

Walkeri  is  based  on  an  ochreous-brown  specimen  rather  suffused 
with  smoky,  the  color  probably  being  due  to  the  fact  that  the  speci- 
men had  hibernated,  as  we  have  noticed  that  nearly  all  specimens 
taken  in  early  spring  lack  the  brilliant  color  of  those  of  the  fall ;  no 
type  is  marked  as  such  at  Philadelphia  but  there  is  in  the  series  a  speci- 
men on  an  old  pin  without  a  label  which  agrees  so  well  with  Grote's 
figure  that  it  could  very  well  be  considered  the  original  of  it ;  the  name 
walkeri  may  be  used  for  the  dull  ochreous  form  of  sidus  with  suffused 
and  indistinct  maculation  but  we  can  see  nothing  in  either  Grote's 
figures  or  the  presumable  types  to  warrant  specific  separation. 

CONISTRA    GRAEFIANA    Grt.       (PI.    XV,    Fig.    16). 

This  species  should  be  removed  from  the  synonymy  of  indirecta 
Wlk.  in  our  list ;  our  error  was  due  primarily  to  an  apparent  mix-up 
in  the  British  Museum  series  as  the  specimens  figured  by  Hampson 
(Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  VI,  PI.  CVI,  Figs.  27,  28)  as  indirecta  Wlk.  and 
moffatiana  Grt.  and  based  seemingly  on  type  material  certainly  re- 
present but  one  species  and  Hampson  in  his  text  had  already  referred 
graefiana  to  indirecta  Wlk.  (Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  VI,  466). 


103 

The  original  descriptions  of  graefiana  (Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  II,  89) 
and  moffatiana  (Bull.  Geol.  Surv.  VI,  581)  and  especially  the  latter 
give  us  a  good  clue  as  to  what  the  true  graefiana  really  is ;  the  figure 
of  this  latter  species  in  Grote's  111.  Essay  PI.  Ill,  Fig.  38,  is  erroneous 
and  correctly  referred  to  moffatiana  by  Hampson,  as  this  is  one  of 
Mr.  Moffat's  specimens  on  which  Grote  based  his  later  name,  stating 
at  the  time  that  graefiana  can  always  be  distinguished  by  its  "yellow 
ground  color,  red  lines  which  are  also  straighter  and  perhaps  thicker, 
as  well  as  the  paler  hind  wings" ;  the  original  description  of  graefiana 
bears  out  these  distinctions  excellently.  It  is  possible  that  the  true 
type  is  in  the  Graef  Coll.  at  the  Brooklyn  Inst.;  the  British  Museum 
type,  if  it  agrees  with  Hampson's  figure  of  indirecta,  must  be  spurious. 
We  figure  both  species,  our  figure  of  indirecta  (PI.  XV,  Fig.  17)  being 
of  a  specimen  we  compared  in  1913  with  Walker's  type. 

HOMOGLAEA   VARIEGATA    Sp.    nov.       (PI.    XV,    Fig.    7). 

Palpi  and  front  heavily  clothed  with  pinkish  brown  hairs ;  thorax  hairy, 
brown ;  primaries  deep  ochreous  heavily  black-sprinkled  leaving  the  ground 
color  only  visible  along  the  costa,  between  the  geminate  portion  of  t.  a.  and  t.  p. 
lines  and  slightly  in  the  cell  and  subterminally ;  basal  half  line  black,  indistinct; 
t.  a.  line  geminate,  slightly  outwardly  oblique,  crenulate,  filled  with  ochreous; 
orbicular  obliquely  oval,  large,  partially  outlined  in  orange;  reniform  upright, 
narrowly  figure-of-eight-shaped,  black-filled,  the  outer  edge  rather  rigid  and 
outlined  in  pale  ochreous  followed  by  an  orange  line  which  extends  around 
the  entire  spot ;  a  dark  indefinite  median  shade-line  subparallel  to  t.  a.  line ; 
veins  beyond  reniform  slightly  outlined  in  ochreous ;  t.  p.  line  geminate,  gently 
sinuate  and  finely  crenulate,  filled  with  pale  ochreous,  followed  by  a  broad 
dark  shade  band  limited  outwardly  at  costa  by  a  dark  dash  slightly  shaded 
with  orange ;  beyond  this  is  a  paler  s.  t.  area  containing  minute  black  dots 
representing  s.  t.  line,  followed  by  dark  terminal  shading ;  fringes  dark  with 
orange-ochreous  basal  portion,  forming  a  distinct  pale  crenulate  line.  Secon- 
daries dark  smoky  with  paler,  slightly  pinkish  fringes.  Beneath  primaries  smoky 
with  distinct  pinkish  shades  along  costa  and  terminally;  secondaries  paler,  pink 
shaded  with  prominent  dark  discal  dot  and  postmedian  line.     Expanse  40  mm. 

Habitat  :     Palmerlee,  Ariz.     2    S .    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

In  one  $ ,  which  we  have  made  a  Paratype,  the  ground  color  is 
a  pale  pinkish  ochreous  with  obsolescent  maculation ;  enough  remains 
of  the  spots,  the  costo-apical  dash  and  the  s.  t.  line  to  show  that  the 
two  specimens  belong  to  a  single  species  which  doubtless  shows  great 
variability  as  regards  the  ground  color  and  distinctness  of  maculation. 


104 

ACRONYCTINAE 

Trachea  rubiginosa  Wlk. 

Sir  Geo.  Hampson  informs  us  that  this  species,  listed  by  us  in 
the  genus  Oligia,  is  in  all  probability  a  synonym  of  Trachea  binotata 
Wlk.,  being  another  of  those  cases  in  which  Walker  described  the 
same  specimen  twice  under  different  names.  Rubiginosa  was  described 
from  a  S  from  Vancouver  Is.  presented  by  Dr.  Lyall  (Cat.  Lep.  P.. 
M.  XXXII,  674)  and  binotata  a  few  pages  previously  (1.  c.  p.  663) 
from  a  specimen  from  the  same  source  and  locality  so  that  there  is 
every  reason  to  believe  that  Hampson  is  correct,  especially  as  nothing 
in  the  description  contradicts  this  association. 

Trachea  monica  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XV,  Fig.  9). 

Very  similar  to  susqucsa  Sm.  (Fig.  8)  of  which  it  may  be  possibly  a  race; 
the  general  ground  color  of  the  primaries  is  much  deeper  with  less  of  the 
light  brown  shades;  the  pale  areas,  on  the  contrary,  beyond  the  reniform  and 
claviform  are  paler,  almost  whitish  and  the  veins  3,  4,  6  and  7  are  better  out- 
lined terminally  with  white;  the  maculation  is  similar,  but  more  indistinct; 
the  general  squammation  of  the  wing  is  rougher;  secondaries  rather  heavily 
and  evenly  sprinkled  with  smoky  over  a  white  ground;  on  the  underside  the 
discal  spot  which  is  quite  prominent  in  susquesa  is  reduced  to  the  merest 
dot  and  there  is  no  postmedian  line ;  the  excavation  of  the  outer  margin  at  vein 
5  appears  also  to  be  rather  smaller;  the  wing  expanse  (34  mm.)  is  distinctly 
larger. 

Habitat:     Redington,  Ariz.    2    $.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Trachea  serrula  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  7). 

S  antennae  distinctly  serrate  and  fasciculate;  head  and  thorax  dark 
gray,  peppered  with  white;  primaries  similar  in  color  with  slight  pale  ochreous 
shades  beyond  reniform  and  claviform  and  a  rather  indistinct  maculation  with 
the  exception  of  a  black  basal  streak  and  a  large  claviform,  outlined  in  black 
and  extending  across  the  whole  median  space;  t.  a.  line  scarcely  traceable,  in 
general  slightly  oblique  and  irregular;  t.  p.  line  obscure,  bent  outward  below 
costa  to  just  beyond  reniform  and  then  inwardly  oblique,  passing  very  close 
to  lower  end  of  reniform,  orbicular  dark,  oval,  partially  outlined  with  white; 
reniform  figure-of-eight-shaped,  outlined,  especially  in  lower  portion,  with 
black  and  followed  by  a  palish  shade  occupying  the  betid  of  the  t.  p.  line;  s.  t. 
line  close  to  outer  margin,  obscure,  best  marked  by  white  dentate  streaks  on 
veins  3  and  4  and  6  and  7;  terminal  space  somewhat  darker  than  subterminal 
one;  fringes  dark,  spotted  with  ochreous  at  end  of  veins;  secondaries  strongly 
excavated  at  vein  5,  whitish  in  $  with  veins  and  outer  border  sprinkled  with 
smoky,  in  9  largely  smoky.  Beneath  pale,  more  or  less  sprinkled  with  smoky, 
especially  primaries,  with  small  discal  dot  on  each  wing.     Expanse  30  mm. 

Habitat:  Palm  Spgs.,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  7  S,  2  9.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 


105 

The  species  belongs  in  tlie  binotata  group  and  is  closely  allied  to 
susquesa  Sm.,  but  differs  in  the  distinctly  serrate  antennae  and  the 
course  of  the  t.  p.  line  which  is  less  bent  around  cell  and  more  closely 
approximate  to  reniform;  the  color  also  is  dark  gray  instead  of 
brownish. 

Agroperina  popofensis  Sm. 

This  species,  described  as  a  Luperina  (1900,  Proc.  Wash.  Acad. 
Sci.  II,  492),  should  be  transferred  to  the  genus  Agroperina;  an  ex- 
amination of  the  type  shows  it  to  be  very  close  to  indela  Sm.  of  which 
it  is  probably  only  a  northern  race ;  we  have  a  series  from  Kodiak, 
Alaska. 

ACRONYCTA    ARIOCH    Stkr. 

In  our  notes  concerning  this  species  in  Contr.  Ill  (3),  166,  we 
have  made  a  rather  grave  error,  confusing  the  species  evidently  with 
A.  gasta  Stkr.;  it  is  this  latter  species  which  resembles  so  closely  A. 
megacephala  from  Europe  as  to  lead  to  our  suggestion  that  the  speci- 
men serving  as  type  bore  a  wrong  locality  label.  A.  arioch,  which  is 
related  to  oblinita  A.  &  S.  should  be  reinstated  on  our  lists,  whilst 
gasta  may  be  dropped ;  the  type  specimen  was  received  by  Strecker, 
according  to  information  received  from  Mr.  Wm.  Gerhard  of  the 
Field  Museum,  from  a  Chicago  collector,  Paul  Vollbrecht,  a  German 
by  birth,  who  might  accidentally  have  mixed  a  European  specimen 
with  those  collected  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago  by  himself. 

Merolonche  dolli  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  6). 

S  antennae  lamellate;  head  and  thorax  hairy,  dark  gray;  collar  with  a 
central  black  vertical  line ;  thorax  with  two  central  dark  lines,  upper  and  lower 
edges  of  patagia  black ;  primaries  dark  gray,  heavily  black  shaded ;  a  minute 
black  dash  on  costa  at  base  followed  outwardly  by  a  pale  patch  representing 
the  filling  of  an  obsolete  subbasal  line;  a  distinct  black  basal  dash  below  median 
vein  reaching  to  t.  a.  line ;  this  hne  geminate,  very  distinct  due  to  the  pale  fill- 
ing, with  three  prominent  outward  angles,  below  costa,  below  median  vein 
and  above  inner  margin ;  median  space  largely  blackish  with  a  pale  oblique 
costal  patch,  descending  between  the  spots  almost  to  t.  p.  line ;  orbicular  small, 
round,  white  centered ;  reniform  obscured  by  black  shades,  rather  broadly 
lunate ;  t.  p.  line  very  distinctly  dentate,  geminate,  pale-filled,  bent  out  around 
cell  and  incurved  in  fold ;  s.  t.  line  represented  by  a  few  intravenular  dark 
marks  on  a  paler  ground  color ;  secondaries  dull  smoky  with  whitish  fringes. 


106 

Beneath   primaries   smoky,   secondaries   whitish   with    smoky   sprinkling   and   a 
small  discal  dash.    Expanse  37  mm. 

Habitat:     Central  Park,  L.  I.,  N.  Y.   (April)   2  S-    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

We  recently  received  the  types  with  other  Noctuid  material  from 
the  Doll  Collection  and  take  pleasure  in  naming  the  species  after  this 
well  known  collector;  we  believe  the  species  has  been  known  to  East- 
ern collectors  for  some  time  but  there  seems  to  be  no  available  name, 
and  it  is  the  first  Eastern  record  for  a  species  of  this  genus.  In 
appearance  it  superficially  resembles  a  dark  Acronycta  distans  Grt. 
but  the  hairy  nature  of  the  palpal  and  thoracic  vestiture  as  well  as  a 
reduced  proboscis  render  the  reference  to  Mcrolonche  advisable;  the 
antennae  resemble  those  of  spinea  Grt.  with  the  slight  lateral  projec- 
tions reduced  to  mere  stubs,  giving  a  distinctly  lamellate  appearance. 

Leucocnemis  variabilis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVII,  Figs.  13,  14). 

9 .  Primaries  dark  gray  sprinkled  with  white  and  shaded  slightly  with 
ochreous;  t  a.  and  t.  p.  lines  wanting;  orbicular  a  long  decumbent  oval,  white 
with  dark  center;  reniform  small,  irregular,  whitish;  claviform  indistinct,  out- 
lined in  dark,  longer  than  orbicular;  s.  t.  line  close  to  edge  of  wing,  white, 
very  irregularly  dentate,  preceded  below  apex  by  several  blackish  streaks ;  a 
white  terminal  line  followed  by  a  black  line  at  base  of  fringes;  these  are  long, 
whitish  with  the  terminal  portion  checkered  with  black.  Secondaries  pale 
smoky  ochreous.  Beneath  pale,  primaries  tinged  with  smoky  along  costa  and 
outer  margin. 

S .  Much  paler  than  9  as  a  rule,  almost  whitish  with  obsolete  macula- 
tion.     Expanse  20  mm. 

Habitat:     Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif.     11    ^,16    9.      Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  extraordinarily  variable;  our  description  is  drawn 
up  from  a  well  marked  9  but  we  have  all  manner  of  intergrades  to 
almost  immaculate  white  specimens  with  the  merest  traces  of  dark 
shades ;  in  general  the  S  's  are  decidedly  paler  and  more  immaculate 
than  the  9  's  and  of  the  series  before  us  only  one  5  specimen 
shows  a  maculation  in  agreement  with  the  above  description.  The 
palest  specimens  still  show  traces  of  the  dark  terminal  spots  on 
fringes  and  a  slight  dark  apical  shade. 

Stilbia  apposita  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVI,  Fig.  8). 

Head  and  thorax  dark  gray,  the  latter  with  small  divided  mesothoracic 
tuft  tipped   with  blackish;  abdomen  smooth,  smoky  ochreous;  primaries  dark 


107 

gray  slightly  suffused  with  ochreous  in  the  submedian  fold  and  heavily  shaded 
with  blackish  in  costo-median  and  subterminal  areas;  t.  a.  line  geminate,  black, 
partially  white-filled,  irregularly  dentate  with  outward  angle  on  cubital  vein 
and  inward  tooth  in  the  fold ;  orbicular  obscure,  round,  largely  lost  in  the  dark 
costal  shading;  renifomi  conspicuous,  whitish,  with  central  lunate  dark  streak; 
t.  p.  line  obscure,  oblique  at  costa  followed  by  whitish  shading,  bent  around 
reniform  and  almost  touching  it  with  inward  curve  in  the  fold  and  outward 
tooth  on  vein  1 ;  s.  t.  line  defined  by  dark  shading  in  s.  t.  area,  inwardly  oblique 
from  apex  to  vein  6,  bulging  outwardly  across  veins  3-5,  curved  inward  in  the 
fold  and  bent  outward  above  inner  margin ;  apical  area  white-shaded ;  a  ter- 
minal dark  line ;  fringes  smoky,  deeper  basally.  Secondaries  smoky-ochreous 
with  heavy,  broad,  smoky  outward  border  partially  broken  by  ochreous  shades 
in  extreme  terminal  area;  traces  of  a  curved  t.  p.  line  preceding  this  border; 
a  heavy  dark  terminal  line ;  fringes  pale  at  base  followed  by  a  smoky  area, 
the  tips  being  whitish.  Beneath  primaries  smoky,  sprinkled  lightly  with  whitish 
and  with  a  round  pale  discal  spot ;  secondaries  paler  than  above.  Expanse 
28  mm. 

Habitat:     Prescott,    Arizona    (June,    Sept.)    2     9.     Types,   Coll.   Barnes. 

The  lack  of  definite  structural  characters  would  seem  to  place 
the  species  in  Stilbia;  in  maculation  it  seems  fairly  close  to  the  type 
of  the  genus,  anomala  Haw. 

ACOPA    BISTRIGATA    Sp.    HOV.       (PI.    XVII,    Fig.    18). 

$  antennae  thick,  serrate  and  fasciculate ;  proboscis  wanting ;  front  rather 
roughly  prominent ;  thoracic  vestiture  rough,  scaly,  mixed  brown  and  white ; 
abdomen  grayish,  untufted  ;  legs  heavily  clothed  with  thick  brown  hairs;  pri- 
maries short,  broad,  light  brown,  shaded  with  paler,  basal  area  darker ;  t.  a. 
line  broad,  white,  straight  to  submedian  fold,  then  with  a  prominent  outward 
tooth  above  vein  1 ;  a  broad  white  discal  dash  continued  by  a  white  line  to  inner 
margin,  subparallel  to  t.  a.  line;  a  white  line  at  apex  of  wing  preceded  by  a 
large  dark  brown  patch ;  a  ruddy  brown  broken  terminal  line ;  secondaries 
pinkish-brown.  Beneath  primaries  smoky,  tinged  with  ruddy  with  a  white 
dash  at  apex  and  another  a  short  distance  from  it  on  costa,  the  area  between 
being  brownish ;  secondaries  pale,  sprinkled  with  ruddy-brown  with  a  brown 
apical  patch  and  traces  of  a  curved  postmedian  line.     Expanse  21  mm. 

Habitat:  Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz.  (Aug.);  Huachuca  Mts.,  Ariz. 
(Aug.)  2    $ .    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  reference  to  Acopa  is  not  very  satisfactory  although  it  runs 
out  to  this  genus  by  Hampson's  key;  the  heavy  hairy  clothing  of  the 
legs  and  the  general  appearance  point  to  a  new  genus,  but  we  are  loath 
at  the  present  time  to  create  a  new  one,  and  place  it  provisionally  here. 


108 

Namangana  viridescens  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XV,  Fig.  12). 

$  antennae  rather  broad,  ciliate  and  fasciculate;  palpi  ascending,  deep 
chocolate  brown,  rimmed  with  ochreous  at  end  of  2nd  joint;  front  smooth, 
roughly  clad  with  long  chocolate-brown  hairs;  head  and  thorax  with  rough 
squammation  of  hair-like*  scales,  emerald-green  with  slight  brown  admixture, 
ochreous  at  base  of  antennae;  patagia  partially  chocolate-brown,  broadly  ringed 
with  ochreous ;  primaries  deep  black-brown  strongly  suffused  with  emerald- 
green;  basal  line  curved,  geminate,  green-filled;  t.  a.  line  rather  irregular,  in 
general  upright,  green-filled;  claviform  very  large,  outlined  in  green,  open 
above  and  below,  dark  filled;  reniform  rather  obscure  and  much  as  orbicular 
in  size,  partially  outlined  and  filled  with  green;  t.  p.  line  green-filled,  arising 
from  a  green  costal  patch  above  reniform,  bent  strongly  out  just  below  costa 
to  well  beyond  reniform,  then  parallel  to  outer  margin  with  slight  inward  tooth 
in  submedian  fold;  s.  t.  line  poorly  defined,  whitish,  preceded  by  broad  green 
lunules  in  central  portion  of  wing;  terminal  area  green  with  brown-lined  veins 
and  terminal  interspaceal  blackish  triangular  spots;  fringes  pale,  cut  with  black- 
ish opposite  the  spots.  Secondaries  brownish  ochreous  along  inner  margin ; 
traces  of  a  pale  postmedian  curved  line  and  a  pale  terminal  line  between  vein 
3  and  inner  angle  with  dark  lunules  at  edge  of  wing;  fringes  ochreous  cut  by 
smoky  patches.  Beneath  primaries  smoky-brown,  tinged  with  ochreous  on  costa 
and  fringes  with  traces  of  a  postmedian  dark  line;  secondaries  pale  ochreous, 
sprinkled  with  brown  with  large  brown  discal  spot  and  distinct  curved  crenu- 
late  postmedian  line;  fringes  on  both  wings  ochreous  cut  with  brown.  Ex- 
panse 40  mm. 

Habitat:  $  Chiricahua  Mts.,  Arizona  (Sept.),  9,  S.  W.  Arizona. 
1    ^ ,  1    9 .    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  generic  reference  is  provisional ;  it  is  impossible  to  follow  out 
the  species  in  Hampson's  key  as  the  thoracic  vestiture  is  disarranged 
in  our  speciinens  and  all  marked  structural  features  are  lacking;  in 
any  case  at  the  best  Hampson's  finer  subdivisions,  based  on  the  diver- 
gent nature  of  the  thoracic  tufting,  are  extremely  difficult  to  compre- 
hend and  we  are  not  at  all  convinced  that  he  has  correctly  diagnosed 
all  our  North  American  species.  To  our  mind  the  present  species  is 
related  to  a  group  of  species  consisting  of  sniaragdina  Neum.,  marina 
Sm.,  laetabilis  Sm.  and  canoa  Barnes ;  all  these  show  a  rounded  frontal 
prominence  smoothly  clothed  with  closely  appressed  scales,  diflfering 
in  this  respect  from  viridescens  but  resembling  it  in  general  habitus, 
smooth  abdomen  and  lack  of  further  definite  structural  characters. 
These  four  species  were  placed  by  Hampson  in  the  genera  Trachea, 
Cerma,  Amiana  and  Namangana  but  with  the  exception  of  laetabilis 
were  unknown  to  him  at  the  time;  laetabilis  is  obviously  incorrectly 
placed  (owing  to  a  wrong  conception  of  Dyar's  genus  Amiana  which 


109 

falls  near  Lithacodia)  and  we  placed  it  in  our  list  provisionally  in 
Nantangana  which,  as  we  have  already  had  occasion  to  remark,  is 
more  or  less  of  a  dumping  ground  for  species  with  uncertain  rela- 
tionships. Possibly  some  of  Dr.  Dyar's  new  Mexican  genera  will  prove 
to  be  the  final  resting  place  for  these  troublesome  species  but  until  we 
have  had  the  opportunity  of  examining  his  types  we  are  uncertain 
even  of  this. 

EuTRicopis  NEXiLis  Morr. 

This  species,  which  occurs  in  Colorado  and  the  Pacific  Northwest, 
shows  typically  on  the  underside,  apart  from  the  ordinary  pale  median 
spots,  considerable  whitish  shading  on  the  secondaries  at  the  base 
and  costo-apically ;  we  have  a  series  of  specimens  from  the  southern 
Sierras  which  entirely  lack  this  pale  shading  with  the  exception  of  a 
few  pale  hairs  basally ;  the  secondaries,  roughly  speaking,  show  a  deep 
pink  costal  half  and  a  black  inner  half,  the  pink  portion  extending 
about  half  way  down  outer  margin ;  there  is  a  rather  broad  black 
marginal  line  on  both  wings  below  and  the  fringes  of  primaries  on 
upper  side  are  prominently  white  with  a  dark  apical  spot ;  otherwise 
we  can  see  no  marked  difTerence  in  maculation  between  the  forms 
which  we  consider  racial;  for  the  Californian  form  we  propose  the 
name  subcolorata,  our  types  being  8  5,3  9  from  Tuolumne 
Meadows,  Calif.  (July) ;  we  also  have  specimens  from  Mineral  King, 
Tulare  Co.,  CaHf.  (July). 

Annaphila  astrologa  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XIX,  Fig.  11). 

Pectus  and  base  of  palpi  white ;  upper  side  of  palpi  black ;  thorax  scaled 
with  black  and  white  and  with  a  few  reddish-colored  hairs ;  abdomen  blackish, 
ringed  with  pale  ochreous  inter-segmentally ;  primaries  largely  blackish;  t.  a. 
line  geminate,  filled  with  white,  slightly  oblique  with  prominent  outward  angle 
below  cell ;  orbicular  obscure,  round,  outlined  in  black,  crossed  by  a  dark  median 
line,  subparallel  to  t.  a.  line ;  reniform  oval,  white,  dark  centered,  attached 
outwardly  to  the  broadly  white-shaded  t.  p.  line  which  starts  from  a  white  spot 
on  costa,  forms  a  small  loop  at  upper  end  of  reniform  followed  by  a  much 
larger  one  crossing  vein  4,  bends  strongly  inward  below  cell  forming  two 
slight  teeth  and  then  bulges  outward  to  inner  margin ;  s.  t.  space  slightly  shaded 
with  blue-white ;  s.  t.  line  white,  faint,  irregular,  close  to  outer  margin.  Sec- 
ondaries with  central  area  orange,  basal  area  black  with  slight  orange  shades ; 
a  broad  black  outer  border  into  which  the  orange  color  bulges  roundedly 
opposite  cell ;  a  very  faint  trace  of  a  black  discal  dot  or  else  none  at  all. 
Beneath  primaries  orange  crossed  by  broad  black  median  and  subterminal  bands 
the   latter   strongly   broadened   at   costa ;   terminal   area   white-shaded ;   a    faint 


110 

discal  dot ;  secondaries  orange  with  narrow  antemedian  black  curved  line,  small 
discal  dot  and  broad  black  outer  border,  interrupted  terminally  by  whitish 
ochreous  shading,  broadest  and  most  distinct  at  apex;  fringes  dusky,  slightly 
marked  with  white  on  secondaries.    Expanse  21  mm. 

Habitat:  Redington,  Ariz.;  S.  Ariz.  (Poling);  Ariz.  4  5.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

We  figured  this  species  as  divinula  Grt.  in  our  Contributions, 
Vol.  I,  No.  4,  PI.  XXV,  Fig.  10;  it  differs  however  from  this  Cali- 
fornia species  (PI.  XIX,  Fig.  13)  in  its  larger  size  and  lack  of  prom- 
inent black  discal  streak  on  secondaries  above  and  on  all  wings  beneath 
besides  other  minor  details  of  maculation. 

PSEUDACONTIA    MODESTELLA    sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XVI,    Fig.    13). 

Very  similar  to  groteana  Dyar  (Fig.  14)  but  smaller  in  size  and  deeper 
in  color,  the  whole  wing  being  deep  black-brown  without  any  gray  shading 
and  with  all  the  maculation  except  the  t.  p.  line  obsolete ;  the  t.  p.  line  as  in 
groteana  with  the  white  shade  above  inner  margin  slightly  more  conspicuous; 
fringes  unicolorous  blackish  without  the  checkered  terminal  area  of  groteana. 
Beneath  blackish,  primaries  with  a  white  spot  beyond  the  cell  and  another 
below  it  on  inner  m.irgin ;  secondaries  with  two  superimposed  white  spots  at 
end  of  cell  and  a  sma'l  one  above  anal  angle.    Expanse  19  mm. 

Habitat:  Camp  Baldy,  S.  Bern.  Mts.,  Calif.  (July)  1  ^,5  9.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

ERASTRIINAE 

Oruza  albocostaliata  Pack. 

As  Dr.  Dyar  has  pointed  out  (1914,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
XLVII,  379)  this  species  should  be  removed  from  the  genus  Eleo- 
nectyptera  as  listed  by  us  (No.  3457)  and  placed  in  the  genus  Oruza 
Wlk.  to  precede  Cobubatha  Wlk. 

A  second  species  closely  related  to  the  above  and  unfortunately 
very  similar  in  name  is  albocostata  Druce  (1899,  Biol.  Cent.  Am. 
Het.,  II,  537,  PI.  99,  Fig.  8)  of  which  we  have  several  specimens  from 
Arizona ;  in  Druce's  species  the  white  costal  streak  is  rather  narrower, 
especially  toward  apex  of  wing,  the  discal  mark  is  usually  faint  and 
when  present  is  a  distinct  lunule,  not  a  round  dot  as  in  albocostaliata; 
the  subterminal  line  is  also  not  so  sharply  defined.  This  species  should 
be  added  to  our  list. 


Ill 

OzARBA  NEBULA  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  5). 

Primaries  pinkish-gray  suffused  with  olivaceous  in  the  outer  portion  of 
median  area  and  the  costal  portion  of  the  subterminal  area ;  t.  a.  line  geminate, 
pink-filled,  upright,  with  an  outward  bulge  in  the  submedian  fold ;  median 
shade  dark,  outwardly  oblique  from  costa  to  a  point  on  the  submedian  fold 
close  to  t.  p.  line,  then  bent  slightly  inward  and  again  bulging  outwardly  to 
inner  margin ;  t.  p.  line  geminate,  pink-filled,  outwardly  oblique  to  vein  7,  con- 
cave to  vein  5,  forming  two  short  teeth  on  veins  5  and  7,  then  straight  and 
slightly  inwardly  oblique  to  inner  margin;  reniform  a  narrow  oblique  oval, 
outlined  in  white  and  situated  close  to  t.  p.  line,  the  intermediate  portion  filled 
with  pinkish ;  beyond  the  teeth  of  the  t.  p.  line  two  olivaceous-brown  streaks, 
the  upper  one  broader  and  heavier;  several  white  points  on  costa  beyond  t.  p. 
line  with  olivaceous  shading  beyond  them ;  s.  t.  line,  faint,  pale,  in  general  par- 
allel to  outer  margin;  a  faint  pale  terminal  line;  fringes  purplish  with  pale 
pink  apex.  Secondaries  pale  smoky.  Beneath  primaries  dark  smoky,  secon- 
daries paler  with  small  discal  dot  and  traces  of  curved  postmedian  line.  Ex- 
panse 15  mm. 

Habitat:     Winnfield,  La.   (June  16-23).     1     <J .     Type,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Besides  the  type  we  have  three  worn  specimens,  two  labelled 
"Texas",  the  other  Chokoloskee,  Fla.  The  species  is  closely  related 
to  aeria  Grt.  and  fannia  Druce  but  the  small  size  and  white-outlined 
reniform  should  distinguish  it ;  apparently  in  some  collections  it  has 
been  placed  under  aetheria  Grt.  as  one  of  our  specimens  is  so  labelled. 

Chamyris  sirius  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVII,  Fig.  17). 

Very  close  superficially  to  cerintha  in  maculation  but  differing  in  the 
following  points;  the  base  of  the  collar  is  very  distinctly  white-banded  which 
is  only  very  occasionally  the  case  in  cerintha;  the  basal  white  area  on  pri- 
maries juts  further  out  into  the  following  dark  space  along  the  median  vein; 
the  orbicular  and  reniform  are  more  definitely  outlined  in  black  and  the  greenish 
or  purplish  waved  lines  between  them  are  less  suffused  and  form  four  quite 
distinct  lines  on  inner  margin ;  the  t.  p.  line  is  shaded  outwardly  with  dark 
brown  for  its  whole  length  and  the  crenulations  of  the  s.  t.  line  are  deeper ;  the 
size  is  smaller.    Expanse  25  mm. 

Habitat  :     Kerrville,  Texas.     1    $ ,  2    9 .    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Genus  Cryphia  Hbn. 

This  monotypical  genus  is  based  on  the  species  nana,  figured  in 
the  Zutr.  Exot.  Schmett.  Figs.  53-54  from  Georgia.  Following  Grote 
and  Smith  (who  however  had  never  satisfactorily  identified  it)  the 
species  has  been  generally  listed  in  our  North  American  catalogues 
under  Bryophila  or  Jaspidia.  Hampson  (1910,  Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  Brit. 
Mus.,  X,  552)  on  the  strength  of  a  single  Alabama  specimen  in  the 


112 

Grote  collection,  has  referred  the  species  to  the  genus  Lithacodia 
Hbn. ;  we  have  before  us  a  specimen  of  the  species  identified  by  Hamp- 
son  as  nana  but  doubt  greatly  the  correctness  of  this  determination ; 
to  our  mind  the  reference  of  actheria  Grt.  as  a  synonym  of  nana,  as 
given  in  our  Check  List,  seems  more  probably;  of  course  it  will  be 
impossible  ever  to  be  absolutely  certain  concerning  the  identity  of 
the  species,  but  we  would  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  t.  p.  line 
in  Hubner's  figure  is  represented  as  being  squarely  exserted  around 
the  cell,  which  certainly  fits  actheria  of  which  we  figure  a  specimen 
(PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  4)  which  has  been  compared  with  Grote's  type 
and  marked  "exact".  We  see,  therefore,  no  reason  for  changing  the 
conception  of  the  species  as  given  in  our  list  in  which  Crypliia  Hbn. 
supercedes  Hyperstrotia  Hamp.,  both  genera  being  based  on  the  same 
species ;  the  venation  as  given  in  Hampson's  diagnosis  is  correct,  veins 
7,  8  and  9  of  primaries  being  stalked,  10  and  11  free  and  no  accessory 
cell. 

Two  closely  allied  species,  flavigiittata  Grt.  and  sccta  Grt.,  have 
been  included  in  Eustrotia  by  Hampson  presumably  because  a  small 
accessory  cell  is  present  although  a  note  under  the  latter  species  calls 
attention  to  a  variability  in  the  venation  of  the  specimens  under  this 
name  in  the  British  Museum  collection.  Typically  we  find  that  in 
Eustrotia  vein  7  is  connate  with  8  and  9  from  the  angle  of  the  acces- 
sory cell,  10  being  free  from  its  upper  corner ;  we  have  examined  two 
specimens  of  ftaviguttata  and  six  specimens  of  secta  (1  $  ,  S  9  )  and 
find  that  in  all  cases  vein  7  is  distinctly  stalked  with  8  and  9,  an  acces- 
sory cell  being  present  but  reduced  in  size.  The  stalked  nature  of 
vein  7  combined  with  the  general  maculation  certainly  points  toward 
an  association  with  the  genus  Crypliia  from  which  indeed  the  venation 
only  differs  in  the  presence  of  the  small  accessory  cell ;  as  this  however 
is  apparently  constant  and  would  represent  a  more  primitive  type 
according  to  Hampson  (1.  c.  p.  2 )  we  propose  the  generic  term  Pro- 
TOCRYPHiA  for  these  two  species,  specifying  secta  Grt.  as  type  of  the 
genus. 

Several  species  have  been  mixed  under  the  name  sccta  in  our 
collections,  which  probably  accounts  for  Hampson's  remark  concern- 
ing the  variability  of  the  venation;  the  true  secta  (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  7) 
is  readily  recognized  by  the  presence  of  a  large  dark  patch  at  the 
center  of  the  inner  margin;  both  Grote's  original  diagnosis  and  his 


113 

type  specimen  agree  in  this  respect.  We  have  before  us  specimens 
(2  5,4  9  )  of  a  very  similar  species  which,  however,  is  at  once 
distinguished  by  the  even  gray  color  of  the  primaries  with  no  dark 
blotch  on  inner  margin ;  the  venation  also  is  constantly  different,  there 
being  no  accessory  cell,  7,  8  and  9  stalked,  10  free  but  very  closely 
approached  to  11  for  a  short  distance  beyond  its  point  of  origin;  it 
is  a  true  Cryphia  and  apparently  unnamed ;  we  describe  it  as  follows : 

Cryphia  pervertens  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  8). 

Primaries  rather  dark  gray,  variably  shaded  with  lighter  gray,  maculation 
obscure;  t.  a.  line  straight  to  cubital  vein  then  slightly  angled  and  somewhat 
inwardly  oblique,  preceded  by  faint  dark  blotch  on  costa ;  median  shade  out- 
wardly oblique  from  center  of  costa  to  inner  margin  close  to  t.  p.  line ;  reniform 
small,  narrow,  partially  outlined  in  whitish  with  two  superimposed  black  dots 
in  center,  the  upper  one  often  obsolete ;  t.  p.  line  squarely  exserted  around 
cell,  bent  inward  in  submedian  fold;  s.  t.  line  faint,  irregular,  preceded  below 
costa  by  a  darker  shade ;  terminal  broken  dark  line.  Secondaries  deep  smoky. 
Expanse  19  mm. 

Habitat:  New  Brighton,  Pa.  (June-July),  Big  Indian  Valley,  Catskill 
Mts.,  N.  Y.  (July).    2    $,  A    9.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

A  third  species,  similar  in  venation  to  pervertens  but  which  accord- 
ing to  our  dated  material  is  on  the  wing  a  month  later  than  this  species 
we  characterize  as  follows : 

Cryphia  villificans  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  9). 

Primaries  deeper  in  color  than  pervertens  with  more  contrasted  colora- 
tion, the  inner  side  of  t.  a.  line  and  outer  edge  of  t.  p.  line  being  more  or  less 
relieved  by  white  shading ;  maculation  very  similar  to  that  of  pervertens  but 
t.  a.  line  with  stronger  angle  on  cubitus  and  more  oblique  lower  half;  lower 
portion  of  median  area  partially  brown-shaded,  approaching  seeta  Grt.  in  this 
respect  somewhat;  a  whitish  apical  oblique  shade;  s.  t.  line  more  irregular 
than  in  preceding  species. 

Habitat:  New  Brighton,  Pa.  (July-Aug.)  ;  Essex  Co.,  N.  J.  (July).  5  9. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  identified  by  Hampson  as  nana  is  without  a  name  if 
our  conception  of  Hubner's  species  be  accepted  as  correct ;  it  corre- 
sponds fairly  well  structurally  with  the  definition  of  Lithacodia  except 
that  the  front  is  prominently  bulging  and  not  smooth  as  in  our  other 
North  American  species ;  this  would  throw  it  according  to  Hampson's 
keys  into  Bryocodia  Hamp..  but  as  it  appears  to  have  little  similarity 


114 

to  the  species  included  under  this  generic  head  by  Hampson  we  describe 
it  as  a  Lithacodia  in  which  genus  it  appears  at  least  fairly  at  home. 

LiTHACODIA    INDETERMINATA    Sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XVIII,    Fig.    3). 

Metathorax  with  prominent  scale  tuft;  abdomen  with  large  tufts  on  4th 
and  5th  segments ;  primaries  deep  dark  gray  scarcely  relieved  by  paler  shading, 
with  obscure  maculation ;  t.  a.  line  obscurely  geminate,  poorly  defined  and 
rather  irregularly  dentate  in  costal  half,  strongly  inwardly  oblique  below  cell 
and  quite  prominently  black;  a  broad  oblique  costal  patch  in  median  area  rather 
paler  than  the  ground  color  followed  by  a  narrow  dark  shade  which  connects 
with  a  small  loop-like  reniform,  defined  in  black  and  open  toward  costa,  con- 
nected by  a  fine  black  line  along  vein  3  with  t.  p.  line ;  below  this  a  faint  ruddy 
shade  stretching  across  t.  p.  line;  a  faint  black  line  from  angle  of  t.  a.  line 
through  submedian  fold  but  not  reaching  t.  p.  line ;  this  line  obscure,  geminate, 
crenulate,  outwardly  bulging  to  vein  3  then  curved  sharply  inward  and  again 
straight  below  fold  to  inner  margin ;  beyond  t.  p.  line  at  costa  a  slightly  darker 
patch  defined  below  by  a  distinct  short  black  line  extending  between  t.  p.  and 
s.  t.  lines;  s.  t.  line  pale,  obscure,  irregular,  rather  prominently  bulging  across 
veins  3  and  4;  faint  broken  dark  terminal  line;  secondaries  smoky.  Beneath 
primaries  smoky,  secondaries  paler  with  distinct  discal  dot  and  faint  post- 
median  curved  line.     Expanse  19  mm. 

Habitat  :     Winnfield,  La.     1     2 .     Type,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  resembles  somewhat  a  Sarrothrips,  the  primaries  being 
rather  broad  with  the  costal  and  inner  margins  semiparallel. 

HOPLOTARACHE    ALBIOCULA    sp.    HOV.       (PI.    XVII,    Fig.    12). 

Palpi  white  laterally;  front  and  thorax  with  an  admixture  of  white  and 
black  scaling,  the  former  with  a  raised  circular  process  with  tubercle  on  its 
lower  margin,  abdomen  smoky  gray,  untufted;  primaries  pale  ochreous,  heavily 
suffused  with  blackish  in  median  and  subterminal  areas ;  basal  area  pale  with 
a  fine  black  basal  streak  connecting  with  a  long  ill-defined  claviform  outlined 
in  black  and  filled  with  white  and  continued  by  a  white  line  to  s.  t.  line ;  t.  a. 
line  marked  by  an  oblique  dark  streak  from  costa  and  a  dentate  mark  at  inner 
margin ;  median  space  largely  dark  except  between  the  spots  and  beyond  the 
reniform;  both  spots  prominent,  white,  the  orbicular  decumbent,  oval,  the 
reniform  large,  rounded ;  t.  p.  line  not  defined ;  s.  t.  line  commencing  as  an 
oblique  dark  streak  from  apex  and  continued  as  a  diffuse  dark  shade  parallel 
to  outer  margin  with  a  small  outward  bend  at  inner  margin ;  the  terminal  area 
more  or  less  pale  with  slight  dark  shading ;  fringes  sharply  black  and  white 
checkered.  Secondaries  smoky  with  veins  partially  lined  with  black  and 
blackish  fringes  slightly  pointed  with  white.  Beneath  pale  smoky  with  dark 
checkered  fringes;  traces  of  a  diffuse  s.  t.  line  on  primaries  and  a  large  discal 
spot  on  secondaries.    Expanse  22  mm. 

Habitat:     Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif.     1    ?.    Type,  Coll.  Barnes. 


115 

The  species  according  to  Hampson's  key  would  fall  into  the  above 
genus,  although  totally  dissimilar  to  the  other  species  placed  here. 
Superficially  it  bears  considerable  similarity  to  our  Leucocnemis  vari- 
abilis but  is  darker  and  heavier  marked.  Possibly  its  nearest  ally  is 
Paracretonia  aleptivoides  B.  &  McD.  a  desert  species  from  the  same 
general  region. 

Tarache  CORA  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVII,  Figs.  19,  20). 

$ .  Front  and  collar  white ;  thorax  largely  purple-brown,  the  patagia 
shaded  with  white ;  abdomen  dull  ochreous ;  primaries  with  hyaline  fovea  at 
base ;  costal  edge  to  near  apex  broadly  white,  narrowing  beyond  cell ;  remainder 
of  wing  purple-brown,  shaded  with  olivaceous  just  below  the  white  area  which 
is  crossed  by  two  yellow  outwardly  oblique  bands,  dividing  the  wing  into  three 
equal  parts,  the  border  line  between  the  light  and  dark  areas  of  wing  forming 
a  slight  angle  where  the  inner  yellow  band  touches  it ;  above  inner  margin 
beyond  fovea  some  slight  pale  marks  indicate  the  t.  a.  line ;  reniform  round, 
partially  projecting  into  white  costal  area  and  outlined  in  blackish;  t.  p.  line 
only  distinct  above  inner  margin  as  a  waved  white  line  margined  inwardly 
by  olivaceous  which  is  preceded  by  some  bluish-white  scaling;  subterminal 
area  shaded  with  bluish-white;  terminal  area  white,  broadest  above  anal  angle, 
narrowed  to  a  point  some  distance  below  apex,  bisected  by  a  pale  yellow  shade ; 
terminal  dark  dots  on  apical  portion  of  outer  margin ;  fringes  white  with  a 
slight  apical  dark  shade  and  a  larger  one  opposite  cell ;  secondaries  hyaline 
whitish,  shaded  along  outer  margin  with  brownish ;  fringes  with  basal  half 
pale  brownish,  outer  portion  white.  Beneath  primaries  smoky  brown  with  cell 
ochreous;  secondaries  paler  than  above  with  faint  dark  discal  dash.  Expanse 
25  mm. 

$ .  Larger  than  S  with  basal  half  of  primaries  white,  crossed  by  a 
broad  sinuate  yellow  band  originating  in  a  purple-brown  costal  blotch  and 
preceded  by  a  bluish-gray  costo-basal  round  spot  and  similar  shading  along 
inner  margin ;  orbicular  a  small  round  blue-gray  spot ;  reniform  a  similar 
larger  spot  partially  encircled  with  white;  a  faint  gray  shade  between  spots; 
outer  area  of  wing  purple-brown  shaded  with  olivaceous  and  blue  gray  with 
large  triangular  white  costo-apical  spot ;  a  strongly  sinuate  t.  p.  band  bends 
around  reniform,  largely  olivaceous,  bordered  outwardly  with  blackish  and 
arising  from  a  blackish  blotch  on  costa;  irregular  bluish-white  shading  sub- 
terminally;  terminal  area  and  fringes  as  in  S  except  latter  have  slight  dark 
shade  above  anal  angle.  Secondaries  pale  smoky,  darker  outwardly.  Beneath 
primaries  smoky  with  palish  costo-apical  patch ;  secondaries  creamy  with  small 
discal  dash.     Expanse  28  mm. 

Habitat  :  3 ,  Baboquivera  Mts.,  Ariz. ;  9  Redington,  Ariz.,  Paradise, 
Ariz.     1    $.5    9.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

We  are  not  sure  that  our  $  and  9  represent  the  sexes  of  a 
single  species,  but  judging  by  the  sexual  diflferences  found  in  allied 


116 

species  {lucasi  Sm.,  tctragona  Wlk.)  we  should  not  be  surprised  to 
find  our  reference  correct ;  the  S  resembles  lanceolata  Sm.  but  may 
be  distinguished  by  the  basal  fovea ;  veins  3  and  4  of  secondaries  are 
stalked  in  both  sexes. 

CATOCALINAE 

CaENURGIA    TRIANGULA    sp.    HOV.       (PI.    XV,    Fig.    13). 

Head  and  thorax  light  purplish-gray ;  primaries  with  the  cell,  costal  region 
to  t.  p.  line  and  inner  margin  purplish  gray;  reniform  narrow,  gray,  slightly 
oblique,  continued  by  an  oblique  broader  band  of  similar  color  bordered  finely 
with  white  to  a  point  above  anal  angle ;  the  large  triangular  basal  area  formed 
by  this  band,  the  cubital  vein  and  vein  1  is  deep  black  brown,  its  lower  margin 
straight  and  bordered  by  a  fine  whitish  line;  before  reniform  and  near  base 
of  wing  just  above  inner  margin  slight  blackish  streaks ;  t.  p.  line  white,  rigid, 
from  a  point  on  costa  before  apex  to  near  inner  margin  where  it  connects 
with  the  upper  border  line  of  the  pale  band  joining  the  reniform  with  the 
anal  angle  thus  forming  at  this  point  a  sharp  acute  angle ;  this  angle  as  far  as 
vein  3  is  filled  with  a  triangular  patch  of  black-brown ;  between  veins  3  and  4 
from  their  point  of  origin  to  t.  p.  line  is  a  pale  brown  shade  and  between  veins  4 
and  6  in  the  space  between  reniform  and  t.  p.  line  a  quadrilateral  black-brown 
patch  above  which  the  costal  region  is  purple-gray;  s.  t.  space  light  brown 
bordered  outwardly  by  a  blackish  s.  t.  line,  rigid,  parallel  to  t.  p.  line  and  some- 
what diffuse  below  apex ;  terminal  space  purplish-gray  bordered  by  a  fine  dark 
terminal  line ;  fringes  dusky.  Secondaries  smoky  crossed  by  a  pale  postmedian 
band  somewhat  bent  above  anal  angle ;  a  darker  subterminal  shade  and  dark 
terminal  line.  Beneath  light  smokj'  ochreous  with  traces  of  paler  postmedian 
band  on  both  wings.    Expanse  28-30  mm. 

Habitat  :  Redington,  Ariz. ;  Palmerlee,  Ariz. ;  Santa  Catalina  Mts.,  Ariz. 
6    5,6    9 .    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  allied  to  infcrcalaris  Grt.  (PI.  XV,  Fig.  14),  but 
has  a  much  longer  triangular  black  basal  patch,  the  lower  margin  of 
which  is  straight  and  not  curved  up  near  base  as  in  Grote's  species ; 
the  paler  area  separating  the  two  dark  patches  beyond  the  reniform 
is  confined  to  the  area  between  veins  3  and  4  in  our  species  whereas 
in  intercalaris  it  extends  between  veins  3  and  5  and  is  much  paler  in 
color ;  various  other  points  of  distinction  may  be  noted  from  our  illus- 
trations. We  also  figure  (PI.  XV,  Fig.  15)  diagonalis  Dyar  which 
we  are  not  convinced  is  specifically  distinct  from  intercalaris. 

DoRYODES  BiSTRiALis  Geycr.     (PI.  XVII.  Figs.  4,  5). 

In  sorting  over  our  material  of  this  genus  we  were  struck  by  the 
fact  that  specimens   from  the   Northern   Atlantic  and   New   England 


117 

States  were  invariably  larger  and  darker  than  those  from  southern 
localities ;  as  there  appeared  to  be  two  races  or  possibly  species  involved 
it  was  necessary  if  possible  to  ascertain  to  which  form  Geyer's  name 
was  applicable.  The  species  was  figured  in  the  Zutraege,  IV,  Figs. 
775-6  but  unfortunately  in  the  text  the  only  locality  given  is  "North 
America" ;  from  the  figure  it  is  impossible  to  ascertain  the  minute 
details,  but  we  would  note  that  the  size  of  the  figure  is  distinctly  smaller 
than  that  of  the  New  York  and  Maine  specimens ;  it  might  also  be 
noted  that  a  large  proportion  of  Hubner's  North  American  material 
came  from  Georgia  (presumably  from  Abbot's  collecting)  so  that 
there  would  be  nothing  out  of  the  way  in  selecting  this  state  as  the 
home  of  the  species. 

Acutaria  H.  S.  was  figured  in  the  Samml.  Eur.  Schmett.,  VI,  74, 
Fig.  447,  as  a  European  species  and  as  we  have  no  access  at  present 
to  this  work  we  have  been  forced  to  rely  on  Guenee's  description  and 
figure,  drawn  up  from  two  Georgia  specimens  (Sp.  Gen.,  X,  233,  PI. 
17,  Fig.  6)  ;  this  figure  is  also  poor  but  the  size  is  small  as  was  to  be 
expected  from  the  locality  given  for  the  specimens.  Hampson  in  his 
Cat.  Lep.  Phal.  B.  M.,  XIII,  p.  114,  figures  the  large  northern  form 
as  bistrialis,  having  no  southern  material  before  him  except  Floridan 
material  which  he  has  referred  to  spadaria  Gn.,  his  diagnosis  of  this 
latter  species  corresponding  with  our  own  identification  from  a  series 
from  Everglade,  Fla. ;  we  imagine  therefore  that  we  are  safe  in  fol- 
lowing Hampson's  citation  of  diz'isa  Wlk.  and  promptella  Wlk.  to 
spadaria  Gn.  especially  as  the  size  given  by  Walker  for  his  types 
distinctly  points  to  their  being  large  forms. 

As  far  then  as  our  present  knowledge  goes  we  must  apply  the 
name  bistrialis  Geyer  with  synonym  acutaria  H.  S.  to  the  small  southern 
form  which  in  the  S  's  averages  a  wing  expanse  of  30  mm.  and  in 
the  9  's  about  34  mm.  We  have  the  form  from  as  far  north  as 
Southern  Pines,  N.  C.  (figured  by  us  as  bistrialis,  Contr.  I,  (5)  PI. 
VIII,  Fig.  19)  and  from  various  Florida  localities  (Ft.  Myers,  Dade 
City,  Glenwood)  ;  we  imagine  the  Everglade  specimens  listed  in  Gross- 
beck's  List  of  Florida  Insects  (Bull.  Am.  Mus.,  37,  p.  66)  under 
bistriaria  should  be  referred  to  spadaria;  all  our  specimens  collected 
at  the  same  time  were  this  latter  species. 

For  the  larger  northern  form  we  propose  the  racial  name  grandi- 
PENNis  (PI.  XVII,  Figs.  1,  2),  our  type  series  consisting  of  7     S's 


118 

from  Long  Is.,  N.  Y.,  Kittery,  Me.,  Elizabeth  and  Anglesea,  N.  J.; 
the  average  expanse  in  the  $  's  is  34  mm.  and  of  the  9  's  37  mm. ; 
the  race,  besides  being  larger,  is  deeper  ochreous  with  less  of  the 
purplish  suffusion  found  in  the  smaller  southern  specimens  and  the 
dark  streak  from  base  of  wing  is  usually  quite  broad  with  the  upper 
and  lower  silver  borderings  overlapping  well  at  end  of  cell ;  in  size 
and  general  appearance  it  looks  closer  to  spadaria  (PI.  XVII,  Figs. 
7,  8)  than  to  bistrialis.  We  figure  our  conception  of  all  the  species 
and  add  the  description  of  what  appears  to  be  a  good  species,  as  far 
as  species  go  in  this  genus. 

DORYODES   TENUISTRIGA    sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XVII,    FigS.    10,    11). 

Thorax  pale  pinkish-gray;  primaries  pale  olive-ochreous,  broadly  shaded 
along  costa  and  inner  and  outer  margins  with  pale  purplish ;  two  faint  dots  in 
the  cell;  a  narrow,  dark,  olive-brown  striga  below  median  vein  narrowing  at 
end  of  cell  and  curving  upward  to  below  apex  bordered  by  a  silver  streak  on 
upper  side  to  end  of  cell  and  on  under  side  from  apex  to  vein  3,  a  faint  dark 
s.  t.  line  near  outer  margin  not  reaching  below  submedian  fold.  Secondaries 
whitish.  Beneath  primaries  smoky,  secondaries  whitish  with  smoky  costa.  Ex- 
panse   S    33  mm.,    9    41  mm. 

Habitat:  San  Benito,  Texas  (Mch.-Apr.)  ;  Brownsville,  Texas  (Mch.). 
2    5,1    9.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  may  be  distinguished  from  spadaria  Gn.  by  the  paler 
ground  color  and  the  narrower  black  striga,  especially  noticeable  at 
end  of  cell  where  the  two  silver  streaks  slightly  overlap;  the  apex 
of  primaries  seems  also  less  pointed  in  the    S     sex. 

EREBINAE 

Drasteria  graphica  Hbn. 

The  type  locality  of  this  species  which  is  figured  in  Hiibner's 
Zutrage  I,  Figs.  11-12,  is  given  as  Georgia;  both  the  locality  and  the 
figure  point  strongly  to  graphica  being  the  same  species  as  capiticola 
Wlk.,  given  specific  rank  in  our  List  and  figured  in  both  sexes  by  us 
(Contr.  Ill,  (3)  PI.  XIII,  Figs.  7,  8) ;  capiticola  (not  capticola  as  we 
have  listed  it)  will  sink  therefore  to  graphica  and  for  the  northern 
form  from  New  Jersey  and  Long  Island  localities  which  has  commonly 
been  known  as  graphica  we  will  apparently  need  a  name.  This  race 
of  graphica  (PI.  XIX,  Figs.  1,  2),  as  we  consider  it,  is  distinguished 
by  the  fact  that  the  primaries  in  both  sexes  are  practically  similarly 
marked,  the    9    showing  none  of  the  obsolescence  of  markings  char- 


119 

acteristic  of  the  southern  graphka;  the  white  dots  of  the  subterminal 
Hne  are  less  prominent  in  the  northern  form  and  the  two  teeth  of  the 
extracelkilar  patch  are  generally  much  more  pronounced ;  the  yellow 
color  of  secondaries  is  slightly  paler  and  shows  less  of  the  inclina- 
tion towards  orange  that  we  find  in  graphka.  We  propose  the  name 
ATLANTiCA  for  this  racc,  our  types  (3  $ ,  2>  ?  )  having  been  cap- 
tured at  Rock  Beach,  L.  I.,  on  June  9th  by  Mr.  J.  Doll.  This  race 
should  not  be  confused  with  the  very  similar  species,  occulta  Hy.  Edw. 
(Fig.  3),  which  also  occurs  at  Lakehurst,  N.  J.,  and  the  vicinity  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  and  which  is  rather  larger,  much  deeper  purplish  in 
color  of  primaries  with  a  broader  terminal  area  and  with  heavier 
black  banding  on  secondaries ;  we  figure  both  species  which  illustrates 
the  diflferences  better  than  a  description. 

Syneda  abrupta  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XIX,  Figs.  12,  14). 

$.  Head  gray;  thorax  an  admixture  of  ochreous  and  gray  scaling  with  a 
longitudinal  black  streak  on  each  tegula  and  black  shading  on  the  patagia ; 
primaries  with  basal  area  lilac-gray  crossed  near  base  by  a  geminate  black 
subbasal  line,  not  reaching  inner  margin,  and  defined  outwardly  by  a  broadly 
geminate  t.  a.  line,  black,  irregular,  filled  in  with  brown  and  with  prominent 
outward  bulges  in  the  cell  and  again  in  subraedian  fold ;  median  area  whitish 
ochreous,  paler  inwardly  and  rather  shiny,  crossed  outwardly  by  a  geminate 
brown  line  arising  from  a  diffuse  smoky  area  on  costa  above  reniform  which 
is  itself  dark  smoky,  its  basal  edge  formed  by  a  straight  white  streak,  its  outer 
edge  very  irregularly  dentate  and  outlined  with  white,  this  color  also  extending 
along  veins  3  and  4  to  t.  p.  line;  beyond  reniform  the  sinus  formed  by  the  t.  p. 
line  is  filled  with  brownish  shading;  t.  p.  line  as  usual  strongly  bent  around 
cell  with  small  tooth  just  below  costa  and  more  prominent  one  on  vein  6, 
bluntly  protruding  between  veins  3  and  4,  straight  from  base  of  vein  3  to  inner 
margin ;  s.  t.  space  largely  smoky ;  terminal  space  lilac-gray  defined  inwardly  by 
a  slightly  paler,  obscure,  very  waved  s.  t.  line,  strongly  bulged  outwardly  below 
costa  and  at  vein  3;  dark  crenulate  terminal  line;  fringes  checkered,  white  and 
smoky.  Secondaries  with  basal  half  rather  hyaline,  slightly  smoky,  with  dark 
lunule  and  broad  outer  smoky  band  broken  by  a  pale  spot  on  outer  margin 
between  veins  2  and  3 ;  fringes  checkered.  Beneath  whitish  hyaline,  primaries 
with  large  dark  discal  lunule  in  a  diffuse  dark  spot  and  broad  outer  border, 
secondaries  with  smaller  lunule  and  narrow  subterminal  dark  band,  the  mar- 
ginal area  being  white  with  slight  dark  spot  between  veins  3  and  4. 

9.  Median  area  darker  than  in  $,  with  more  lilac-gray  shading; 
secondaries  with  basal  area  scarcely  paler  than  marginal  band ;  beneath  more 
obscure  with  pale  marginal  area  of  secondaries  generally  obscured  with  smoky. 
Expanse  41  mm. 

Habitat:  Huachuca  Mts.,  Palmerlee,  Ariz.;  Jemez  Spgs.,  N.  M.;  2  $, 
3    ?.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 


120 

The  species  is  closely  allied  to  sabulosa  Hy.  Edw.  but  differs 
among  other  things  in  the  more  contrasted  maculation,  especially  the 
pale  median  area  and  the  white  markings  around  reniform;  sabulosa 
is  listed  at  present  in  the  genus  Cissusa  Wlk.  (type,  spadix  Cram.) 
but  cannot  stay  there  on  account  of  the  scaly  nature  of  the  thoracic 
vestiture;  for  the  present  we  place  both  species  in  Syneda  and  must 
await  Sir  Geo.  Hampson's  revision  of  the  Erebin'ae  (Noctuinae)  for 
the  correct  location. 

Syneda  tejonica  Behr.     (PI.  XIX,  Figs.  5,  6). 

A  good  deal  of  confusion  exists  concerning  the  identity  of  this 
species,  described  in  1870  (Tr.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Ill,  26)  from  three 
species  from  Ft.  Tejon,  Calif.,  which  locality  we  have  recently  discov- 
ered to  be  in  San  Bernardino  Co.  The  description,  mainly  in  Latin, 
is  not  very  lucid  and  the  fact  that  the  types  are  destroyed  does  not 
tend  to  improve  the  situation ;  however,  there  is  one  feature  of  the 
diagnosis  which  eliminates  practically  all  of  our  identified  Synedas 
from  consideration,  viz,  that  Behr  distinctly  states  that  the  under  side 
of  all  wings  is  -ivhitc  (subtus  alae  omnes  candidae)  more  or  less  tinged 
with  orange;  the  only  two  species  known  to  us  to  which  this  could 
possibly  apply  are  Drastcria  mirifica  Hy.  Edw.  and  the  species  listed 
as  Syneda  perfecta  Hy.  Edw.  A  foot  note  by  Behr  further  elucidates 
the  situation  as  he  states  that  "the  species  varies  in  the  coloration  of 
the  hind  wings,  which  are,  in  two  specimens,  nearly  white  with  only 
a  slight  orange  tinge  about  disc  and  margin."  This  at  once  eliminates 
mirifica  and  points  strongly  towards  perfecta  as  it  is  well-known  that 
the  S  's  of  this  species  have  the  secondaries  largely  white  whilst  in 
the  $  's  they  are  orange.  We  have  before  us  a  series  of  specimens 
from  Loma  Linda,  San  Bernardino,  Co.,  Calif.,  which  complies  with 
Behr's  diagnosis  in  every  respect,  showing  the  pale  violet  median  and 
terminal  areas  of  primaries,  the  white  wings  in  S  and  the  orange 
ones  in  9  and  the  white  under  side  in  both  sexes,  although  we  might 
note  that  in  the  9  the  orange  suffusion  is  at  times  extended  so  as 
to  almost  cover  the  entire  wings ;  we  believe  without  question  that 
these  represent  the  true  tejonica  Behr.  As  compared  with  perfecta  Hy. 
Edw.  they  are  so  close  that  we  should  hesitate  to  even  give  the  two 
names  racial  value ;  however,  as  the  name  perfecta  was  based  on  Ari- 


121 

zona  specimens,  for  the  present  it  may  be  well  to  consider  it  as  applying 
to  an  Arizona  race  of  tejonica  which  latter  name  has  well-established 
priority. 

Syneda  pulchra  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XIX,  Fig.  4). 

Head  and  thorax  gray,  tegulae  with  darker  lateral  stripes;  primaries 
with  basal  area  black-brown  slightly  sprinkled  with  gray,  this  area  bordered 
by  a  darker  t.  a.  line,  irregular  in  course  with  a  prominent  inward  angle  below 
median  vein,  followed  by  a  rounded  bulge  and  then  bent  strongly  backward 
to  inner  margin ;  median  space  ochreous,  grayish-brown  at  costa  and  inner 
margin  and  crossed  outwardly  by  a  geminate  brown  line;  reniform  a  dark 
lunate  blotch  bordered  inwardly  by  an  ochreous  line;  t.  p.  line  as  usual 
bent  strongly  outwardly  beyond  cell,  forming  prominent  angles  on  veins  3,  4 
and  6,  bent  backward  below  vein  3  to  its  base  then  rounded  and  rather  irregular 
to  inner  margin;  beyond  the  reniform  some  white  shading  especially  on  veins 
3  and  4;  subterminal  space  black-brown  bordered  by  a  pale,  quite  regular  s.  t. 
line,  parallel  to  outer  margin  with  slight  inward  bend  in  submedian  fold  and 
preceded  in  costal  area  by  black  dashes  bordered  outwardly  by  a  dark  line 
arising  from  an  apical  dark  streak;  terminal  area  violet-gray  with  marginal 
dark  crenulate  line;  fringes  smoky  spotted  at  base  with  gray.  Secondaries 
vermilion  with  a  faint  dark  discal  lunule,  a  narrow  postmedian  dark  band 
curving  downward  at  vein  2  to  anal  angle,  where  it  is  thickest,  and  median  and 
costal  dark  blotches  on  outer  margin,  fringes  pinkish  tinged  with  smoky 
opposite  blotches.  Beneath  pinkish,  primaries  with  postmedian  dark  band, 
forming  a  heavy  triangular  dark  blotch  on  costa  of  primaries,  heavy  disca! 
lunule  and  traces  of  apical  and  median  dark  shading  along  outer  margin; 
secondaries  as  above.     Expanse  34  mm. 

Habit.at:  Palm  Spgs.,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  (Mch.)  1  $.  Type,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

Obviously  allied  to  tejonica  Behr  but  differing  in  the  course  of 
t.  a.  and  s.  t.  lines  and  the  ochreous  median  band ;  the  S  secondaries 
are  also  vermilion  instead  of  white  with  pinkish  shading.  In  view 
of  the  fact  that  these  features  are  usually  constant  in  the  group  and 
that  our  new  species  comes  from  a  desert  region  we  venture  to  describe 
from  a  single  specimen. 

Syneda  hudsonica  G.  &  R.     (PI.  XIX,  Figs.  7,  8). 

This  species  is  well-figured  by  Grote  on  PI.  Ill,  Figs.  7,  8  of  Proc. 
Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  IV  (1865);  its  range  is  probably  over  the  whole  of 
northern  Canada  from  Hudson  Bay  to  Alaska  and  down  the  Rockies 
at  higher  altitudes  into  Colorado  and  Utah ;  we  have  typical  speci- 
mens from  Field,  B.  C,  and  Glacier  National  Park,  Mont. ;  specimens 
from  the  southern  portion  of  Colorado  and  Utah  have  been  given 


122 

the  name  scposita  Hy.  Edw.  but  this  is  apparently  only  a  race  with 
slightly  yellower  secondaries  and  rather  more  brown  shades  on  pri- 
maries of     $    sex. 

In  southern  Manitoba  we  meet  with  a  race  (PI.  XIX,  Figs.  9,  10) 
of  the  same  species  which  is  characterized  by  the  pale  gray  color  of 
primaries  and  by  the  obsolescence  of  the  maculation  in  the  9  sex, 
the  primaries  at  times  being  almost  uniform  gray;  the  s.  t.  line  of 
primaries  is  also  generally  not  so  markedly  crenulate  and  the  color  of 
secondaries  is  a  pale  ivory;  just  as  in  the  type  form  the  median 
pale  band  may  or  may  not  show  brown  shading  outwardly.  We  pro- 
pose for  this  race  the  name  heathi,  our  type  series  (2  3,3  $  ) 
having  been  captured  at  Cartwright,  Man.  (June)  by  the  late  Mr. 
E.  F.  Heath;  we  have  other  specimens  from  Winnipeg  and  Miniota, 
Man.,  and  from  various  Saskatchewan  localities. 

HYPAENINAE 

Hemeroplanis  scopulaepes  Haw. 

Sir  Geo.  Hampson  has  called  our  attention  to  the  genus  Scopelo- 
pus  Steph.  (1830,  111.  Brit.  Ent.  Haust.  HI,  p.  124),  erected  for  the 
species  inops  Steph.  which  name  Stephens  proposed  to  replace  scopu- 
laepes Haw.  ( 1809,  Brit.  Ent.  No.  260) ;  stating  that  the  species  is 
probably  a  native  of  Georgia  and  erroneously  included  among  the 
British  Lepidoptera  by  Haworth ;  from  the  generic  and  specific  descrip- 
tions there  seems  no  doubt  but  that  the  name  was  applied  to  what 
is  now  listed  as  Pleonectyptera  pyralis  Hbn.  which  names,  both  generic 
and  specific,  will  have  to  fall.  Apparently,  however,  both  Scopclopus 
Steph.  and  Pleonectyptera  Grt.  are  synonyms  of  Hemeroplanis  Hbn. 
(1816,  Zutr.,  I,  23,  Fig.  127;  1825,  Verz.  p.  259)  based  on  the  single 
species  pyralis  Hbn.  {pyraloides  Hbn.)  The  generic  name  Hemero- 
planis has  probably  been  sunk  as  a  homonym  of  Hemcroplanes  Hbn. 
(1820,  Verz.  p.  133) ;  we  believe  according  to  the  latest  rulings  that 
both  names  are  valid  but  in  any  case  Hemeroplanis  Hbn.  has  priority 
as  the  whole  Vol.  I  of  the  Zutrage  was  completed  in  1818  and  the  plate 
containing  Hemeroplanis  pyralis  was  probably  issued  in  1816;  generic 
names  based  on  figures  in  the  Zutrage  are  considered  by  some  authors 
as  non  descr.  but  Rule  79  of  Banks  and  Caudell's  Code  distinctly  per- 
mits of  their  acceptance  and  we  see  no  reason  for  not  following  this. 


123 

There  seems  also  to  be  no  reason  for  changing  the  original  name  as 
given  by  Havvorth  and  the  synonymy  will  therefore  stand  : 
Hemeroplanis  Hbn. 

Scopelopus  Steph. 

Pleonectyptera  Grt. 
scopulaepes  Haw. 

pyralis  Hbn. 

inops  Steph. 

irrecta  Wlk. 

ftoccalis  Zell. 

Mycterophora  rubricans  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVIII,  Figs.  1,  2). 

Palpi  long,  porrect,  blade-like;  $  antennae  strongly  bipectinate,  2 
simple;  thorax  and  both  wings  pale  ochreous,  heavily  sprinkled  and  shaded 
with  fuscous  and  with  a  distinct  pinkish  suffusion  over  the  whole  wings ;  macu- 
lation  variably  distinct  due  to  the  greater  or  less  amount  of  fuscous  shading; 
t.  a.  line  rather  closer  to  base  than  usual,  dark,  irregular,  with  an  inward  angle 
on  median  vein ;  a  broad  dusky  median  shade  rounded  outwardly  below 
costa,  preceded  in  the  cell  by  a  small  dark  dot  representing  the  orbicular  and 
followed  by  a  small  dark  lunule  with  pale  center  in  the  place  of  the  reniform; 
t.  p.  line  dark,  single,  strongly  bent  outward  below  costa  to  beyond  cell,  then 
inwardly  oblique  and  wavy,  in  general  parallel  to  outer  margin ;  s.  t.  line  faintly 
represented  by  a  diffuse  ochreous  shade-line  preceded  and  followed  by  heavier 
fuscous  shading;  a  more  or  less  broken,  dark,  crenulate  terminal  line;  fringes 
concolorous,  slightly  checkered  with  pinkish  opposite  veins  and  cut  by  a  median 
smoky  line.  Secondaries  similar  to  primaries  in  maculation  without  the  basal 
line;  a  large  dark  discal  lunule  resting  on  the  median  shade.  Beneath  pale 
smoky  with  pinkish  fringes  and  faint  traces  of  the  maculation  of  the  upper 
side.    Expanse    $    26  mm.,    2    24  mm. 

Habitat:  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.,  5  5,8  2.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  allied  to  monticola  Hist,  and  may  possibly  prove  to 
be  identical  with  it;  this  latter  species  possesses,  however,  none  of 
the  ruddy  shading  which  is  characteristic  of  our  species  and  from  our 
notes  on  Hulst's  type  would  seem  to  dififer  somewhat  in  minor  details 
of  maculation. 

Genus  Parahvpenodes  gen.  nov.     (Type  P.  qnaJralis  sp.  nov.). 

Proboscis  greatly  reduced ;  labial  palpi  long,  upturned,  second  joint  blade- 
like, far  exceeding  front,  heavily  and  smoothly  scaled,  third  joint  almost  as 
long  as  the  second,  thread-like,  acuminate;  $  antennae  heavily  ciliate;  front 
rough-scaled ;  legs  normal ;  primaries  with  10  veins,  3,  4  and  5  separate   from 


124 

around  lower  end  of  cell,  6  from  below  apex  of  cell,  7  and  10  from  a  point 
at  apex  of  cell,  8  and  9  absent,  11  free  from  about  middle  of  cell ;  secondaries 
with  3  and  4  from  a  point  at  end  of  cell,  5  parallel  to  4  from  below  middle 
of  discocellulars,  6  and  7  slightly  stalked. 

P.  QUADRALis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  6). 

Primaries  dull  ochreous  gray,  shaded  with  deep  smoky ;  t.  a.  line  single, 
dark,  irregular,  arising  from  small  dark  costal  blotch,  bent  inward  below  costa 
with  prominent  outward  bulge  in  the  submedian  fold ;  t.  p.  line  single,  dentate, 
squarely  exserted  around  cell,  then  strongly  inwardly  oblique  to  a  point  on 
the  middle  of  inner  margin;  at  the  end  of  cell  a  square  blackish  patch,  the 
most  prominent  feature  of  the  maculation ;  subterminal  area  dark  smoky,  the 
terminal  area  pale  grayish,  the  difference  between  the  two  shades  defining 
the  s.  t.  line  which  is  in  general  parallel  to  outer  margin  with  a  slight  bulge 
opposite  cell;  outer  margin  slightly  crenulate  with  dark  terminal  line;  fringes 
dull  ochreous,  cut  with  smoky.  Secondaries  deep  smoky  with  traces  of  a  darker 
oblique  line  crossing  from  costa  near  apex  to  inner  margin  above  anal  angle. 
Beneath  smoky,  secondaries  paler  in  basal  area  with  traces  of  a  curved  post- 
median  line.     Expanse  18  mm. 

Habitat:  St.  Therese  Isl.,  St.  Johns'  Co.,  Que.  (July).  3  $.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes,  Paratype,  Coll.  W.  Chagnon. 

We  can  find  neither  a  generic  nor  a  specific  term  applicable  to  this 
species.  In  Schaus'  recent  revision  of  the  Hypeninae,  to  which  the 
species  evidently  belongs,  no  mention  is  made  of  any  genus  with  veins 
8  and  9  of  primaries  lacking;  we  risk  therefore  the  description  of 
both  genus  and  species  which  should  be  readily  recognizable  super- 
ficially by  its  general  Episcuxis-Wkt  appearance  and  the  square  dark 
patch  at  end  of  cell.  We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  Chagnon  of  St. 
Johns,  Que.,  for  the  specimens ;  a  Paratype  remains  in  his  collection. 

Genus  Epizeuxis  Hbn. 

Schaus,  in  his  "Revision  of  the  Subfamily  Hypeninae"  (1916, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  p.  359)  gives  the  type  of  this  genus  as 
aemnla  Hbn.  and  the  original  reference  as  "Verz.,  1816,  p.  346";  this 
date  is  obviously  wrong  as  may  be  seen  by  referring  to  Sherbom's 
article  on  the  dates  of  Hubner's  Verzeichniss  (Ann.  Mag.  N.  H.,  1912, 
Jan.)  ;  according  to  this  article  page  346  was  not  issued  until  1826; 
Schaus  further  ignores  Grote's  fixation  of  the  type  as  cah'arialis  D.  & 
S.  in  1874  (BufT.  Bull.,  II,  47).  The  generic  term  Epizeuxis  was  how- 
ever used  by  Hubner  long  before  it  appeared  in  the  Verzeichniss;  in  the 
Zutraege  Exot.  Schmett.  he  uses  it  in  connection  with  our  N.  Ameri- 


125 

can  species  lituralis  (1.  c.  Figs.  19,  20)  and  this  portion  of  the  publi- 
cation was  probably  issued  considerably  before  1818;  as  this  is  a  very 
clear  case  of  the  usage  of  a  generic  term  along  with  a  single  specific 
name,  we  hold  that  the  genus  was  originally  monobasic  with  lituralis 
Hbn.  as  type  of  the  genus,  Hubner's  later  action  in  the  Verzeichniss 
being  merely  an  extension  of  the  generic  conception  to  include  other 
species  which  he  considered  congeneric. 

Our  usual  conception  of  the  genus  as  given  in  Smith's  revision  of 
Deltoid  Moths  (1895,  Bull.  48  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.)  and  as  followed 
by  Dyar  and  Schaus  must  be  changed.  Epizeuxis  Hbn.  will  supplant 
Zanclognatha  Led.  as  used  in  our  lists  and  for  the  genus  to  which 
the  name  Epizeuxis  has  been  usually  attached  we  must  seek  a  new 
name;  Helia  Gn.  cannot  be  used  as  it  is  preoccupied  by  Hclia  Hbn. 
(Verz.,  259)  and  Grote's  term  Pseudaglossa  (Buff.  Bull.,  II,  47)  we 
believe  will  fall  to  Camptylochila  Steph.  (1834,  111.  Brit.  Ent.  Haust., 
IV,  p.  21)  proposed  for  two  species,  nndulalis  and  bistrigalis,  presum- 
ably British,  but  which  Stephens  later  (1850,  Cat.  Lep.  Brit.  Mus.,  p. 
303)  lists  as  North  American;  judging  by  Wood's  figures  of  both 
species  (Ind.  Ent.,  PI.  27,  Figs.  77^  and  774)  and  Stephens"  figure 
of  the  latter  species  (1.  c.  PI.  2)Z,  Fig.  3)  we  believe  that  undulalis  is 
aemula  Hbn.  and  bistrigalis  will  fall  to  lubricalis  Geyer.  With  un- 
dulalis {aemula)  as  type,  the  genus  Camptylochila  can  be  employed 
in  precisely  the  same  sense,  therefore,  as  Epizcuxis  as  used  by  Schaus 
and  for  those  who  desire  fine  distinctions  Grote's  Pseudaglossa  may 
still  be  used  for  the  lubricalis  group  as  has  been  done  by  Schaus  (1.  c. 
p.  360)  who  separates  the  two  in  his  key  on  antennal  differences. 
We  are  indebted  to  Sir  Geo.  Hampson  for  first  calling  our  attention 
to  Stephens'  generic  name.  In  going  over  the  species  of  this  genus  we 
have  come  across  a  group  of  four  closely  allied  species  for  which 
apparently  only  two  names  are  available ;  of  these  four  the  first  named 
and  best  known  species  is  rotundalis  Wlk.  {borealis  Sm.)  (PI.  XVIII. 
Fig.  10)  a  deep  purple-brown  species  with  indistinct  maculation ;  in 
well-marked  specimens  the  lines  are  rather  broad,  blackish,  the  t.  a. 
upright  and  the  t.  p.  only  slightly  bent  inward  at  costa  and  practically 
parallel  to  outer  margin ;  the  renif  orm  and  orbicular  are  never  prom- 
inent and  the  under  side  of  secondaries  is  pale  smoky  with  obscure 
discal  spot  and  dark  postmedian  and  subterminal  lines. 

A  second  species  is  forbesi  Frch.  (1895,  Bull.  111.  Sta.  Lab.  N. 
Hist.,  IV,  8)  of  which  merrickalis  Sm.  must  be  made  a  synonym; 


126 

French's  description  is  very  clear  and  applies  exactly  to  Co-types  of 
merrickalis  before  us  as  well  as  to  a  long  New  Brighton  series ;  in 
his  revision  Smith  sank  forbcsi  to  rotundalis  and  later  probably,  re- 
cognizing the  differences  as  specific  but  overlooking  French's  name, 
redescribed  the  species.  Forbesi  (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  11)  is  a  much  bet- 
ter marked  species  than  rotiindaUs;  the  t.  p.  and  s.  t.  lines  are  marked 
at  costa  with  ochreous  streaks,  the  former  is  much  more  strongly  bent 
outward  below  costa  and  more  irregularly  dentate ;  the  secondaries 
are  paler  on  both  sides  with  two  distinct  dark  cross-lines  and  a  pale 
s.  t.  line  in  the  broad  dark  marginal  border. 

The  two  other  forms  before  us  have  received  Mss.  names  from 
Smith  and  we  have  Co-types  in  our  collection;  the  names  however 
have  never  been  published  as  far  as  we  can  ascertain ;  using  Smith's 
names  we  therefore  present  here  the  characteristic  features  of  each 
species. 

C.  JULIA  sp.  nov.  (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  13)  is  close  to  rotundalis  but  aver- 
ages rather  larger  and  is  slightly  paler  with  faint  pale  dots  on  costa 
at  the  inception  of  the  lines;  the  t.  a.  is  bordered  inwardly  by  a  faint 
pale  line,  the  t.  p.  is  bent  more  strongly  outward  beyond  the  cell  and 
the  reniform  is  represented  by  a  distinct  pale  dot;  beneath  a  very 
characteristic  feature  is  the  pale  basal  area  of  secondaries  with  the 
dark  discal  dot  preceded  half  way  to  base  of  wing  by  a  small  dark  dot; 
there  is  a  distinct  broad  postmedian  line  and  pale  s.  t.  line.  Four  of 
Smith's  Co-types  before  us  are  from  New  Brighton,  Pa. ;  we  have 
other  specimens  from  the  same  locality  as  well  as  from  Manchester, 
N.  H.,  and  Decatur,  111. 

C.  DiMiNUENDis  sp.  nov.  (PI.  XVIII,  Fig.  12)  is  the  smallest  of  the 
four  species,  averaging  18  mm.  wing  expanse  and  is  at  once  recogniz- 
able by  the  ochreous  orbicular  and  reniform,  the  former  a  mere  dot, 
the  latter  small  but  distinct ;  the  color  is  even  purple-brown  with  no 
ochreous  shades  along  costa ;  the  t.  p.  line  black,  irregular,  well  bent 
out  at  costa  and  incurved  in  fold ;  the  under  side  is  rather  even  dull 
smoky  with  base  of  secondaries  paler  with  small  discal  dot  and  post- 
median  line.  We  have  before  us  a  long  series  from  New  Brighton, 
Pa.,  including  five  of  Smith's  Co-types;  we  also  have  the  species  from 
Pittsburg,  Pa.  (  9  Co-type),  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  Douglas  Lake, 
Michigan. 


127 

Renia  nemoralis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XV,  Figs.  10,  11). 

Head,  thorax  and  primaries  a  distinct  reddish-brown  somewhat  shaded 
with  smoky,  giving  rather  a  purplish  hue  along  costa  and  subterminally ;  a 
faint  basal  curved  half-line;  t.  a.  line  dark,  even,  slightly  rounded  outwardly 
with  minute  angle  at  costa ;  orbicular  a  round  orange  spot,  poorly  defined  by 
black;  reniform  orange,  narrowly  lunate  with  central  upper  and  lower  black 
dots  often  joined  by  a  dark  line;  a  median  dark  shade  crossing  the  reniform; 
t.  p.  line  bent  outward  at  costa,  then  evenly  crenulate  and  parallel  to  outer 
margin ;  s.  t.  line  faint,  ochreous,  irregular,  preceded  by  dark  shading ;  a  broken 
dark  terminal  line.  Secondaries  smoky,  paler  basally  with  dark,  slightly  crenu- 
late median  line,  sharply  angled  near  inner  margin,  shaded  outwardly  by  pale 
ochreous ;  a  faint  dark  s.  t.  line  most  distinct  at  inner  margin  where  it  is  shaded 
slightly  with  ochreous.  Beneath  smoky  brown,  basal  half  of  wings  pale  with 
smoky  sprinkles,  primaries  with  discal  dash,  rather  distinct  straight  postmedian 
line  and  faint  s.  t.  line,  defined  at  costa  by  several  ochreous  dots ;  secondaries 
with  large  prominent  discal  streak,  a  curved  crenulate  postmedian  line  and  a 
faint  pale  s.  t.  line ;  dark  marginal  line  to  both  wings.     Expanse  28  mm. 

Habitat:  Long  Is.,  N.  Y.  (Aug.);  Nueces  Riv.,  Texas.  2  $,2  9. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

We  have  had  the  upper  wings  of  a  specimen  from  Elizabeth, 
N.  J.,  in  the  collection  for  some  time  awaiting  further  material,  so 
imagine  the  species  will  occur  in  most  of  the  Eastern  States.  This 
species  has  probably  been  confused  with  factiosalis  Wlk.  but  differs 
in  its  much  larger  size,  a  red-brown  color  in  both  sexes  (factiosalis 
is  smoky  brown  in  S  )  and  more  sharply  angled  median  line  on  sec- 
ondaries ;  it  differs  from  larvalis  Grt.  with  which  it  agrees  in  size,  by 
the  more  regular  t.  a.  line. 


128 


NOTODONTIDAE 

Heterocampa  cubana  Grt.     (PI.  XX,  Fig.  14). 

We  have  received  several  specimens  of  this  species  from  Venice, 
Fla. ;  it  is  a  new  addition  to  our  North  American  fauna.  The  species 
is  allied  to  varia  Wlk.  but  lacks  the  white  subapical  shade ;  the  course 
of  the  t.  p.  line  is  also  somewhat  different  and  the  median  line  makes 
a  sharp  outward  angle  above  the  inner  margin.  It  is  this  species  which 
is  reported  in  Lepidoptera  p.  109  by  Mr.  Bonniwell  as  a  peculiar  form 
of  H.  varia. 


129 


LYMANTRIIDAE 

Olene  vagans  B.  &  McD.     (PI.  XX,  Figs.  8,  9). 

In  the  summer  of  1917  whilst  on  a  collecting  trip  in  Maine,  Dr. 
McDunnough  took  two  Olenc  larvae  from  an  apple  tree  at  Packard's 
Camp,  Sebec  Lake;  at  the  same  place  on  a  hazel  bush  he  also  took  a 
single  larva  which  was  distinct  from  the  preceding  although  closely 
related.  In  the  course  of  time  the  first  two  hatched  into  a  S  and  9 
of  the  above  species;  the  other  larva  produced  a  S  (PI.  XX,  Fig.  7) 
which  on  returning  home  and  comparing  with  the  material  in  the 
collection  we  decided  must  be  willingi  which  we  had  treated  in  our 
revision  as  a  race  of  vagans  but  which  in  the  light  of  the  larval  dis- 
tinctions must  be  regarded  as  a  distinct  species. 

Numerous  S  specimens  of  Olene  taken  at  light  at  Sebec  Lake 
were  carefully  worked  over  and  separated,  using  the  bred  material 
as  a  basis;  we  found  that  with  the  exception  of  rubbed  specimens 
(which  are  very  difficult  to  place  correctly)  the  majority  of 
the  S  specimens  could  be  fairly  readily  referred  to  either  the 
one  form  or  the  other  by  taking  into  account  a  combination  of 
the  following  features:  (1)  vagans  has  a  rather  darker  color  with 
the  cross  lines  more  evident  and  with  a  tendency  for  the  t.  a.  and  t.  p. 
lines  to  approach  each  other  quite  closely  at  the  inner  margin;  (2) 
the  dark  band  following  the  t.  p.  line  in  vagans  is  quite  well  defined 
outwardly  by  an  irregular  white  s.  t.  line  terminating  in  a  distinct  white 
spot  above  inner  margin  and  showing  slight  dark  transverse  dashes 
below  costa;  in  willingi  the  s.  t.  area  is  very  poorly  defined  and  the 
white  spot  is  far  less  noticeable;  (3)  the  reniform  is  more  distinctly 
white  shaded  in  vagans  than  in  willingi. 

With  regard  to  the  9  's  we  are  unable  to  give  any  comparisons, 
as  the  only  9  secured  was  the  one  bred  from  apple;  we  beheve 
however  on  the  strength  of  this  specimen  that  our  9  types  of  vagans 
belong  to  another  species  and  that  the  name  must  be  restricted  to 
the  $  type  figured  in  our  Contributions,  Vol.  II,  (2)  PI.  Ill,  Fig.  1 ; 
we  figure  the  correct  9  (PI.  XX,  Fig.  9),  and  a  comparison  of 
this  figure  with  those  on  PI.  Ill,  Figs.  2  and  4  of  the  revision  will 
show  the  marked  diflferences;  it  may  be  that  our     9     Co-type  should 


130 

be  referred  to  willingi  but  until  the     9     of  this  has  been  bred  it  is 
impossible  to  make  any  definite  statements. 

With  regard  to  the  larvae,  our  figures  on  Plate  V,  Figs.  5  and  6 
of  the  revision  are  correct ;  we  would  call  attention  to  the  distinct 
diflferences  in  the  dorsal  tufts  which  are  clearly  visible  in  the  photo- 
graphs. In  the  text  (pp.  63  and  64)  instead  of  "segment  11"  should 
be  substituted  "segment  11"  and  we  would  point  out  that  there  actually 
is  in  willingi  a  small  dorsal  hair  pencil  arising  out  of  the  raised  tuft 
on  this  segiTient  but  the  hairs  forming  it  are  very  apt  to  be  rubbed 
off  when  the  larvae  crawls  around  and  it  is  only  in  freshly  moulted 
individuals  that  it  is  clearly  visible.  We  append  a  description  of  both 
larvae  drawn  up  from  the  living  specimens : 

O.  VAGANS  (mature  larva). 

Head  black.  Body  dull  gray-black  marbled  with  white  with  coral-colored 
eversible  glands;  two  anterior  and  two  posterior  lateral  black  hair  pencils; 
eighth  abdominal  segment  (seg.  11)  with  a  dorsal  tuft  of  black  hair  surrounded 
at  the  base  by  white  feathery  hairs;  subdorsal  rosettes  of  similar  white  hair  on 
meso-  and  metathorax  and  on  abdominal  segments  5-7;  first  four  abdominal 
segments  with  heavy  light-brown  dorsal  tufts  intermingled  sparsely  with  white; 
lateral  rosettes  of  short  white  plumed  hairs  on  all  the  segments;  subspiracular 
tufts  of  long  white  plumed  hair,  each  tuft  with  a  central  black  plumed  hair 
which  is  occasionally  double;  on  the  meso-  and  metathorax  the  number  of 
black  hairs  is  normally  2-3. 

O.  WILLINGI  (mature  larva). 

Head  black.  Body  and  lateral  black  hair  pencils  as  in  the  preceding; 
8th  abdominal  segment  with  a  fine  black  hair  pencil  arising  out  of  the  dorsal 
tuft;  the  dorsal  tufts  on  abdominal  segments  1-4  are  mouse  gray  without  an 
admixture  of  white  hairs  except  that  they  are  bordered  laterally  by  the  usual 
white  rosettes  which  occur  further  on  the  meso-  and  metathorax  and  on 
abdominal  segments  5-7;  the  prothoracic  hairs  are  quite  characteristically  tinged 
with  ochreous;  the  lateral  and  subspiracular  ttifts  are  pale  gray,  the  hairs 
being  much  less  plumed  than  in  the  preceding  species;  the  central  black  hair 
is  also  merely  barbed,  not  plumed. 

The  distinctions  in  the  color  and  quality  of  the  hair  can  be  readily 
seen  in  the  cocoons  which  are  formed  of  the  larval  hairs  loosely  spun 
together;  that  of  vagans  is  much  deeper  in  color  and  lacks  the  slight 
ochreous  tinge  found  in  willingi  cocoon. 

With  regard  to  our  figures  in  the  revision  on  Plate  III,  we  might 
say  that  the  type   (Fig.   1)   does  not  show  the  close  approximation 


131 

of  the  t.  a.  and  t.  p.  lines  often  found  and  which  may  be  seen  in  the 
bred  specimen  we  figure  in  this  present  paper  (PI.  XX,  Fig.  8)  ;  it 
does  however  distinctly  show  the  well-defined  s.  t.  area  and  there 
is  no  doubt  as  to  the  determination  of  our  Maine  series;  the 
specimen  from  Hymers,  Ont.,  (Rev.  Fig.  9)  should  probably  be 
referred  to  vagans  as  a  dark  form;  note  the  approximation  of 
the  lines  and  the  distinct  white  area  around  the  reniform.  With 
regard  to  grisea  B.  &  McD.  our  type  series  from  Utah  seems  to  agree 
with  willingi  rather  than  vagans,  and  we  propose  for  the  present 
treating  the  two  as  races  of  one  species ;  as  the  name  grisea  has  page 
priority  the  species  will  be  known  by  this  name  with  zvillingi  as  a 
northern  race.  The  Manitoba  specimen  figured  as  grisea  (Rev.  Fig.  3) 
we  regard  as  rather  doubtfully  placed;  it  may  represent  a  new  form 
but  until  the  larva  is  known  nothing  definite  can  be  said. 

Generally  speaking  vagans   seems   to   show   a  relationship   with 
basiflava  whilst  grisea  var.  zvillingi  tends  more  towards  atomaria. 


132 


LASIOCAMPIDAE 

DicOGASTER  CORONADA  Barnes. 

The  receipt  of  two  Lasiocampid  larvae  feeding  on  oak  from  Para- 
dise, Ariz.,  which  we  succeeded  in  breeding  through  into  the  3  and 
9  of  the  above  species  proves  that  our  description  of  the  larva  pub- 
Hshed  in  the  revision  (Contr.  I,  (2),  p.  16,  1911)  was  erroneous; 
the  larval  notes  published  under  coronada  should  possibly  be  referred 
to  Quadrina  diacoma  Grt.  which  appears  to  occur  in  the  same  gen- 
eral locality  but  of  this  we  have  no  definite  knowledge.  We  offer 
the  following  description  of  the  true  coronada  larva. 

Head  large,  blackish,  brown  at  the  extreme  sides  with  white  cen- 
tral line  and  white  clypeus  with  central  dark  line;  three  outcurved 
white  lines  on  each  cheek;  whole  head  covered  with  long  brownish 
hairs.  Body  broad  and  rather  flat  with  strongly  developed  lateral 
tubercles  on  anterior  segments,  very  similar  to  those  found  in  Tolype 
larvae;  clothed  with  sparse  rather  short  deep  brown  hairs  shading 
into  white  laterally;  color  deep  velvety  black-brown  with  very  faint 
pale  dorsal  stripe ;  prothoracic  shield  largely  whitish ;  posterior  margin 
of  segments  rather  broadly  whitish  narrowing  laterally ;  a  broken  pale 
ochreous  supra-spiracular  stripe  consisting  of  two  distinct  portions 
on  each  segment,  an  anterior  straight  short  stripe  and  a  posterior 
larger  oblique  patch  situated  directly  above  the  spiracle  which  is  pale 
with  a  faint  light  patch  below  it.  Each  abdominal  segment  is  sub- 
divided into  four  subsegments,  the  fourth  one  containing  subdorsally 
two  minute  orange  dots  on  each  side ;  anal  plate  whitish ;  legs  reddish ; 
prolegs  pale,  tinged  with  pink;  under  side  pale  whitish  ochreous. 
Breadth  of  head  7  mm.    Length  at  rest  70  mm.    Width,  12  mm. 

Tolype  lowriei  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XX,  Figs.  10,  11). 

Palpi  black  at  sides;  front  white  with  an  admixture  of  black  hairs; 
thorax  pure  white,  the  tufting  deep  brown,  heaviest  on  metathorax,  the  an- 
terior portion  often  covered  by  the  white  thoracic  hairs ;  abdomen  light  blue- 
gray  dorsally,  shading  into  white  laterally;  primaries  white,  banded  with  light 
blue-gray  with  the  veins  outlined  in  white;  basal  area  gray-shaded  followed 
by  an  upright  band  of  white,  enclosing  a  narrow  gray  line ;  median  band  gray, 
the  inner  edge  straight,  the  outer  slightly  angled  below  costa  gently  concave 
between  veins  4  and  6  and  then  practically  straight  to  inner  margin ;  follow- 
ing the  median  band  is  a  prominent  broad  white  area  bounded  outwardly  by 


133 

an  oblique  dark  shade  band  from  costa  near  apex  and  more  or  less  rigid  with 
a  slight  outward  bend  at  inner  margin;  this  pale  area  is  crossed  by  an  obso- 
lescent oblique  gray  line ;  subterminal  area  beyond  oblique  shade  and  terminal 
area  slightly  paler  blue-gray ;  s.  t.  line  broad,  distinct,  white,  bent  inward  and 
forming  more  or  less  of  a  white  blotch  between  veins  5  and  6  and  slightly 
accentuated  on  veins  2  and  3;  a  white  terminal  line;  fringes  blue-gray,  paler 
outwardly;  secondaries  white  crossed  by  a  broad  subterminal  smoky  band, 
narrowing  toward  costa  and  slightly  angled  at  vein  4;  slight  smoky  shading 
above  inner  margin  toward  base  of  wing.  Beneath  much  as  above  with  the 
maculation  less  distinct,  the  subterminal  dark  band  of  primaries  strongly 
marked.     Expanse    S    35  mm.,    9    43  mm. 

Habitat:     Santa  Cruz  Mts.,  Calif.    4    $,4    $.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

This  species  was  bred  by  Miss  Elizabeth  Lowrie  and  her  sister 
from  eggs  laid  by  a  captured  9  ,  taken  at  Mt.  Heimon  in  the  Santa 
Cruz  Mts.  at  an  elevation  of  400  ft.,  the  larva  feeding  on  pine ;  it  is 
the  first  recorded  Tolype  species  from  California  and  appears  suffi- 
ciently distinct  to  warrant  a  name;  we  take  much  pleasure  in  naming 
it  after  the  collectors  who  have  been  instrumental  in  supplying  many 
an  interesting  specimen  to  our  collection.  The  species  is  allied  to 
minta  Dyar  from  Florida  but  is  larger  with  a  much  more  regu- 
lar outer  edge  to  the  median  gray  band.  The  larva,  according  to 
Miss  Lowrie,  is  gray-brown  with  a  black  transverse  mark  on  3rd 
body  segment  containing  two  yellow  dots,  beneath  whitish,  tinged  with 
yellow  mesially  and  with  central  diamond-shaped  black  patches;  from 
an  alcohol  specimen  kindly  forwarded  us  it  would  seem  as  if  the 
larva  showed  a  series  of  broad,  dark,  dorsal  diamond-shaped  patches, 
more  or  less  connected,  and  a  waved  dark  stigmatal  hne,  but  these 
points  may  have  been  accentuated  by  the  preserving  fluid. 


134 


GEOMETRIDAE 

HEMITHEIINAE 

Racheospila  irregularia  sp.  nov. 

Palpi  and  front  dull  red-brown ;  a  white  fillet  between  antennae  edged 
posteriorly  with  red ;  collar  and  thorax  green ;  abdomen  green  dorsally  with 
four  large  raised  white  spots  ringed  with  red,  anal  segment  white,  beneath 
white;  legs  white,  fore  coxae  green-tinged.  Primaries  bright  green  with  nar- 
row white  costa ;  t.  a.  line  white  with  prominent  outward  angle  in  submedian 
fold ;  t.  p.  line  very  irregular  and  strongly  dentate,  straight  from  costa  to  above 
vein  4,  strongly  bent  outward  across  veins  3  and  4  with  teeth  on  the  veins,  bent 
back  sharply  to  the  submedian  fold  with  tooth  on  vein  2  and  then  perpendicular 
to  inner  margin;  a  small  black  discal  dot;  a  narrow  red  terminal  line  broken 
by  white  dots  at  ends  of  veins;  fringes  white,  faintly  red-tinged  opposite  veins. 
Secondaries  similar  in  maculation  to  primaries  with  the  same  irregular  t.  p. 
line.  Beneath  whitish  slightly  green-tinged  with  faint  red  terminal  line.  Ex- 
panse 19  mm. 

Habitat;     Brownsville,  Texas  (May,  June).    2    2.     Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Belongs  in  Section  II  of  Racheospila  as  defined  by  Prout ;  appar- 
ently related  to  texana  Hist,  but  with  much  smaller  discal  dots  and 
more  irregular  t.  p.  line. 

Nemoria  aemularia  sp.  nov. 

Palpi  ochreous  tinged  with  ruddy ;  front  dull  pinkish-red  with  white  inter- 
antennal  fillet ;  thorax  and  collar  green ;  abdomen  with  basal  segments  green, 
terminal  segments  whitish,  with  a  narrow  broken  dorsal  line  of  ruddy-brown 
in  the  S  and  a  broad  band  of  same  color  in  ?  which  practically  displaces 
all  the  green  color;  abdomen  beneath  and  legs  pale  ochreous;  primaries  pale 
blue-  or  yellow-green,  heavily  and  roughly  striate  with  pale  creamy,  veins 
outlined  in  creamy ;  costa  cream  colored,  ruddy  at  extreme  base ;  t.  a.  line 
faint,  creamy,  rounded,  partially  hidden  by  the  striations ;  t.  p.  line  broad, 
creamy,  almost  parallel  to  outer  margin ;  fringes  creamy  with  slight  yellow 
tinge ;  secondaries  similar  to  primaries  in  maculation.  Beneath  whitish,  partly 
hyaline.     Expanse    $    23  mm.,    9    25  mm. 

Habitat:  Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz.;  Palmerlee,  Ariz.  5  S,  4  9. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  hardly  a  typical  Nemoria,  the  9  palpi  being  longer 
than  usual  and  more  as  in  Racheospila;  as  however  it  appears  to  be 
otherwise  obviously  related  to  viridicaria  Hist,  and  caenilescens  Prout 
we  place  it  in  this  genus.  Its  yellow-green  coloration  with  veins  out- 
lined more  or  less  in  ochreous  is  characteristic. 


135 

Nemoria  punctularia  sp.  nov. 

Palpi  pale  ochreous,  tinged  with  reddish,  3rd  joint  largely  reddish ;  front 
dull  reddish,  dotted  anteriorly  with  white;  white  fillet  between  antennae  bor- 
dered posteriorly  with  red;  collar  and  thorax  green;  abdomen  dorsally  largely 
light  brown  with  dark  purple  blotches  at  base  and  on  3rd  and  4th  segments, 
each  with  a  slight  sprinkling  of  white  scales  forming  a  more  or  less  evident 
small  central  patch;  laterally  the  abdomen  is  tinged  with  green  shading  into 
white,  beneath  white;  legs  ochreous  tinged  with  ruddy;  primaries  bright  green, 
evenly  sprinkled  with  fine  white  dots,  costa  narrowly  white  with  red  shading 
at  base;  faint  white  t.  a.  line,  outwardly  oblique;  t.  p.  line  white,  faint,  almost 
straight  across  wing;  a  prominent  purple-brown  discal  dot;  fringes  pale  with 
slight  ruddy  shading  near  apex.  Secondaries  similar  to  primaries  in  macula- 
tion  but  the  cross-lines  curved ;  discal  dot  present.  Beneath  pale  greenish  white 
with  ochreous  costa.    Expanse  27  mm. 

Habitat:  San  Francisco,  Calif.  (  5  )  ;  Camp  Baldy,  S.  Bern.  Mts.,  Calif. 
(June-July)   (?).    1    3.  2    5.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Very  similar  in  maculation  to  darwiniata  Dyar  but  with  large 
discal  spots ;  the  abdominal  maculation  is  peculiar,  the  prominent  white 
spots  with  narrow  red  border  of  Jariciniata  being  modified  into  pur- 
plish blotches  with  small  white  center,  segment  II  being  brownish, 
not  green. 

ACIDALIINAE 

ACIDALIA    BUCEPHALARIA    sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XXIII,    Fig.    2). 

Primaries  even  dark  ochreous,  very  slightly  speckled  with  black;  cross 
lines  well  defined,  blackish;  t.  a.  line  single,  bent  outward  below  costa,  then 
inwardly  oblique  to  inner  margin,  a  small  discal  dot,  usually  quite  distinct,  fol- 
lowed by  a  slightly  waved  dark  line  in  general  parallel  to  outer  margin ;  a  rather 
heavier  and  more  strongly  waved  s.  t.  line,  parallel  to  the  preceding;  faint 
traces  of  a  pale  line  in  the  terminal  space  preceded  by  smoky  shading;  a  faint 
dark  dotted  fringe  line;  secondaries  with  the  lines  of  primaries  continued  with 
the  exception  of  the  t.  a.  line  and  with  the  discal  dot  usually  represented  by  a 
small  dark  dot  in  the  median  line.  Beneath  paler  than  above  with  similar  macu- 
lation, the  t.  a.  line  of  primaries  being  however  lacking,  the  other  lines  very 
distinct  as  is  usually  the  case  with  the  discal  dots.    Expanse  24  mm. 

Habitat  :     Tuolumne  Meadows,  Calif.     13    5,8    ? .     Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  very  close  to  sideraria  Gn.,  agreeing  in  antennal 
structure  but  entirely  lacking  all  trace  of  the  ruddy  terminal  shading 
found  in  this  species ;  the  under  side  also  is  much  paler  ochreous  and 
more  heavily  marked.  In  connection  with  the  generic  name  Acidalia 
Tr.  (1825)  we  would  note  that  we  are  aware  that  this  is  preoccupied 


136 

by  Acidalia  Hbn.  (1818,  Verz.,  p.  31)  but  are  not  certain  as  to  the 
correct  name  to  be  used  in  its  place;  it  is  very  possible,  according 
to  Messrs.  Prout  and  Hampson,  that  Scapula  Schr.  (which  in  any  case 
has  priority  and  for  which  the  correct  type  is  said  to  be  ornata  Scop.), 
should  be  employed. 

LARENTIINAE 

LiTHOSTEGE    FUSCATA    Grossb. 

After  a  careful  study  of  the  type  from  Colton,  Calif.,  in  Rutgers 
College  Collection  and  a  comparison  with  several  specimens  taken 
with  us,  we  cannot  find  any  distinct  characteristics  that  would  sepa- 
rate this  from  rotmtdata  Pack. ;  the  wings  are  rather  more  suffused 
with  gray  than  is  the  case  with  Packard's  type  specimen  from  San 
Diego,  Calif.,  but  only  slightly  more  so  than  in  the  type  specimen  of 
ariconata  Grt.  in  the  Brooklyn  Inst.  Coll.  which  is  listed  as  a  synonym 
of  rotundata;  we  can  make  absolutely  nothing  of  the  supposed  differ- 
ence in  the  course  of  the  three  subterminal  white  lines  on  which 
Grossbeck  lays  stress.  We  have  a  good  series  of  specimens  from 
Arizona  localities  as  well  as  from  various  S.  Californian  localities  as 
far  north  as  the  San  Bernardino  region  and  find  that  there  is  as 
much  variation  between  specimens  from  any  one  locality  as  there  is 
between  the  types  of  rotundata  Pack.,  arisonata  Grt.  and  fuscata  Grt. 
The  name  fuscata  may  be  retained  for  the  suffused  forms  if  desired 
but  we  cannot  see  that  it  is  entitled  to  specific  rank. 

Stam NODES  DECEPTivA  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIII,  Fig.  1). 

Front,  thorax  and  abdomen  light  fuscous,  tinged  with  pink  between  the 
antennae  and  at  base  of  collar ;  primaries  deep  orange  with  basal  third  of  costa 
gray-black ;  a  large,  broadly  triangular  spot  of  same  color  on  costa  beyond 
middle  and  a  smaller  narrower  one  before  apex ;  apical  third  of  outer  margin 
gray  black  with  irregular  inner  edge  closely  approached  to  apex  of  costal  tri- 
angle ;  fringes  dusky,  cut  with  white.  Secondaries  orange  with  gray-black 
markings  as  follows;  a  basal  spot,  the  basal  half  of  costa  which  is  joined  to 
two  spots  in  the  cell,  a  large  oblong  patch  on  costa  near  apex,  a  larger  patch 
above  inner  margin  joined  at  its  extremities  to  the  margin  and  enclosing  a  spot 
of  orange  color,  a  smaller  lunate  patch  above  anal  angle  and  a  slight  irregular 
band  on  central  portion  of  outer  margin;  fringes  dusky  partially  cut  with 
white.  Beneath  primaries  as  above  but  costa  pale  ochreous,  this  color  enclosing 
the   outer  triangular  spot ;   secondaries   pale  ochreous   with   blackish   markings 


137 

of  upper  side  repeated,  with  pink  shading  at  base  of  wing  and  a  broken  pink 
band  centrally  in  the  postmedian  pale  area.     Expanse  24  ram. 

Habitat:  Paradise,  Cochize  Co.,  Ariz,  (June,  Aug.).  2  $.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

A  very  striking  species,  allied  to  fervifactaria  Grt.  but  differing  in 
the  maculation  of  the  secondaries. 

EUSTROMA    FASCIATA    sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XXI,    Fig.    1). 

Primaries  with  the  basal  area  whitish,  sprinkled  with  brown,  crossed  by 
a  fine  brown  rounded  basal  line  and  bordered  outwardly  by  a  broad  deep  choc- 
olate brown  band  which  tends  to  suffuse  over  the  whole  basal  area;  this  band 
is  followed  by  a  broad  upright  white  ante-median  band,  faintly  brown  sprinkled, 
the  inner  edge  of  this  band  is  gently  rounded  at  costa  and  is  rather  even  with- 
out prominent  angles  (in  the  9  there  is  a  small  projection  in  the  cell)  the  outer 
edge  is  regularly  dentate  and  curved  slightly  inward  at  costa;  median  area 
deep  chocolate  brown,  shaded  with  pale  in  costal  portion  around  a  small  discal 
dot  and  crossed  by  two  waved  dark  lines,  parallel  above  inner  margin,  diverg- 
ing in  the  cell  and  approaching  each  other  again  at  costa ;  outer  border  of  median 
space  with  prominent  bulges  between  veins  2  and  3  and  3  and  4  and  a  slight 
inner  angle  on  vein  1 ;  subterminal  and  terminal  spaces  largely  whitish,  lightly 
sprinkled  with  brown  with  a  fairly  evident  crenulate  pale  s.  t.  line,  shaded 
inwardly  with  brown  which  forms  a  distinct  patch  at  costa;  a  dark  brown 
subapical  patch  and  a  slight  oblique  apical  streak;  terminal  broken  dark  line. 
Secondaries  whitish,  lightly  brown-sprinkled  with  a  fairly  evident  median  dark 
line  bent  rather  sharply  at  vein  4  and  heaviest  above  inner  margin ;  faint  traces 
of  a  pale  s.  t.  line,  shaded  inwardly  with  brown.  Beneath  pale  with  the  macula- 
tion of  upper  side  partially  showing  through,  a  pale  broken  s.  t.  line  on  primaries 
and  a  distinct  discal  dot  on  all  wings.    Expanse    5    34  mm.,    9    i7  mm. 

Habitat  :  $,  9 ,  Ketchikan,  Alaska  (June,  July)  ;  9 ,  Cowichan  Lake, 
Vane.  Is.,  B.  C.  (June).    1    5,3    9.     Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  allied  to  mihilata  Pack.  (Fig.  2)  but  has  the  ante- 
median  white  band  with  much  more  regular  edges  and  less  bent  in  at 
costa;  there  is  also  no  trace  of  yellow  shading;  various  other  minor 
points  of  distinction  are  best  brought  out  by  our  figure ;  the  3  geni- 
talia offer  no  point  of  distinction  from  that  of  nnbilata  as  far  as  we 
can  see;  the  species  should  be  readily  recognized  by  the  contrasting 
nature  of  the  alternate  brown  and  white  bands. 

Dysstroma  mulleolata  Hist.     (PI.  XXI,  Figs.  7,  8). 

In  our  notes  on  truncata  and  its  forms  (1917,  Contr.  Ill  (4), 
227-30)  we  accepted  tentatively  Mr.  Swett's  determination  of  this  forni 
which  we  considered  a  race  of  truncata  but  which  Mr.  Swett  treated 


138 

as  a  good  species  (1917,  C.  Ent.  XLIX,  68).  Recently  we  examined 
the  so-called  "Type"  at  Rutgers  College  which  as  we  have  already 
noted  (1.  c.  p.  229)  is  labelled  "Washington  Terr." ;  this  type  proves 
to  be  not  what  we  figured  (1.  c.  PI.  21,  Figs.  4,  5),  but  a  similarly 
colored  form  of  citrate  L.  (according  to  our  genitalic  slides)  which 
Mr.  Swett  in  his  paper  (1.  c.  p.  65)  has  called  punctum-notata  Haw. 
and  which  is  quite  common  on  Vancouver  Is.  in  August ;  the  speci- 
men bears  out  the  original  description  excellently  except  that  the 
locality  is  wrong  and  the  size  given  (lJ/2-1^  in.)  is  considerably  too 
large;  in  the  same  paper  however  (1881,  Bull.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.  IV, 
26-8)  we  find  a  similar  discrepancy  in  the  size  of  another  described 
species,  Cidaria  nocticolata  {moHtanata  Pack.),  which  certainly  does 
not  expand  to  1%  in.,  and  further  would  note  that  the  type  of  semi- 
atrata,  listed  as  from  Colorado  also  bears  a  label  "W.  T."  in  the  Hulst 
Coll.  It  would  seem  then  that  this  particular  paper  abounds  in  inac- 
curacies and  we  believe  that  until  further  evidence  to  the  contrary  be 
produced  it  will  be  best  to  accept  this  specimen  in  the  Hulst  Coll. 
as  the  type  of  mulleolata  and  transfer  the  name  to  citrata  L.  For 
the  large  truncata  form  Mr.  Swett  has  already  in  our  opinion  given 
us  sufficient  names  (1.  c.  pp.  69-70)  ;  sobria  Swett,  being  the  first  on 
the  list,  may  be  used  for  the  race  collectively.  A  reference  to  our 
figures  will  show  how  extremely  close  the  two  species  are  superficially. 
The  above  mix-up  is  only  a  further  illustration  of  how  extremely 
necessary  it  is  to  have  an  accurate  knowledge  of  type  sp)ecimens  before 
attempting  to  revise  a  group. 

Dysstroma  brunneata  Pack.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  9). 

After  a  careful  study  of  the  type  and  a  comparison  with  it  of 
specimens  from  Ketchikan,  Alaska,  we  believe  the  species  distinct 
from  either  truncata  or  citrata  and  very  closely  related  to  kasloata 
Tayl. ;  the  genitalia  of  our  Ketchikan  species  (which  we  consider 
identical  with  brunneata)  shows  an  entire  lack  of  spines  to  the  Aedoe- 
agus.  We  have  a  single  S  from  Nepigon,  Ont.,  which  we  also 
incline  to  place  here,  showing  that  the  species  extends  across  the  entire 
continent  in  northern  latitudes. 

Genus  Hydriomena  Hbn. 

We  have  recently  received  a  number  of  specimens  belonging  to 
this  genus  taken  by  our  collector  in  the  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare 


139 

Co.,  Calif.,  at  an  altitude  of  about  8000  ft. ;  these  meadows  are  situ- 
ated on  the  Eastern  side  of  the  Sierras,  south  of  Mt.  Whitney  near 
the  headwaters  of  the  south  branch  of  the  Kern  River  and  proved  to 
be  an  excellent  collecting  ground. 

Superficially  all  the  specimens  appeared  very  similar  but  an  exam- 
ination of  the  structure  of  the  S  antennae  and  uncus  showed  clearly 
that  three  species  were  represented,  all  belonging  to  the  short-palpi 
group.  Apparently  they  are  races  of  species  described  from  more 
northern  localities  to  judge  by  the  similarity  of  the  structural  details 
but  as  they  present  quite  a  distinct  appearance  we  believe  that  racial 
names  are  warranted.  The  three  species  with  which  we  associate 
our  new  forms  are  hcnsliawi  Swett,  sha^ta  B.  &  McD.  and  irata  Swett ; 
the  first  named  may  be  separated  by  the  thin  $  antennae  which  are 
scarcely  thicker  than  in  the  9  sex ;  shasta  has  very  thick  $  antennae, 
strongly  laterally  compressed  and  with  the  segmental  incisions  rather 
deeply  cut  so  that  the  lower  surface  is  distinctly  serrate  in  appearance ; 
in  irata  the  antennae  are  rather  thinner  than  in  shasta  but  still  more 
serrate ;  the  differences  in  the  shape  of  the  Uncus  have  been  already 
illustrated  by  us  in  our  Revision  of  the  genus.  We  describe  the  new 
races  as  follows. 

Hydriomena  henshawi  expurgata  var.  nov.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  6). 

Typical  henshawi  is  more  or  less  entirely  suffused  with  dull  gray  pre- 
senting quite  a  unicolorous  appearance;  the  present  race  is  much  more  con- 
trastingly and  brightly  marked ;  the  basal  and  median  areas  are  pale  with  a 
slight  ochreous  tinge  and  the  antemedian  and  subterminal  blue-gray  bands 
stand  out  sharply  and  brightly ;  the  pale  median  area  is  bordered  on  both 
sides  by  distinct  ruddy  shades,  especially  toward  the  inner  margin,  and  there 
is  a  certain  amount  of  ruddy  shading  terminally  and  beyond  the  pale  basal 
area,  these  shades  serving  to  accentuate  the  blue-gray  bands  already  mentioned. 

Habitat:  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.  (8000  ft.).  3  ^,6  2. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Hydriomena  shasta  borussata  var.  nov.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  5). 

Larger  and  much  paler  than  our  unique  type  of  shasta;  primaries  whitish, 
lightly  sprinkled  with  smoky  atoms  with  the  dark  cross  lines  and  bands  rather 
contrasted ;  subbasal  line  outwardly  oblique  with  prominent  outward  angle  in 
cell  and  inward  angle  in  submedian  fold ;  antemedian  band  prominent,  dark, 
dentate;  the  border  lines  of  the  broad  pale  median  area  improminent,  edged 
faintly  with  a  ruddy  suffusion ;  subterminal  band  broad  except  at  inner  angle, 


140 

followed  by  a  prominent  oblique  dark  apical  dash  surrounded  by  slight  ruddy 
shading.     Expanse  32  mm. 

Habitat:  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.  (July).  1  S,  1  9. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  description  is  drawn  from  the  9  specimen,  the  $  being 
rubbed  and  generally  duller  in  color  as  far  as  can  be  determined. 

Hydriomena  irata  quaesitata  var.  nov.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  4). 

Dull  gray  with  the  bright  ruddy  shades  of  the  typical  form  only  very 
faintly  indicated  in  the  ante-median  area ;  lines  as  in  the  type  form,  well  defined ; 
median  area  broad.     Expanse  35  mm. 

Habitat:  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.  (July).  2  S.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

Spargania  bellipicta  Warr.     (syn.  S.  illustrata  B.  &  McD.). 

This  species,  described  in  1901  from  Golden,  Colo.  (Nov.  Zool. 
VIII,  468),  was  overlooked  by  us  in  preparing  our  Check  List;  from 
the  description  there  seems  little  doubt  that  we  redescribed  the  species 
under  the  name  illustrata  in  1917  (Contr.  Ill,  (4)  p.  230). 

EuPHYIA    UNANGULATA    Haw.       (PI.    XXI,    Fig.    3). 

We  have  received  two  specimens  of  what  seems  to  be  undoubtedly 
this  species  from  Ramparts,  Alaska ;  the  species  is  generically  distinct 
from  alternata  Mull,  (sociata  Bork.)  the  areole  of  the  primaries  being 
double  whereas  in  this  latter  species  it  is  single;  it  may  be  separated 
from  intermediata  Gn.  (lacustrata  Auct.)  which  it  agrees  with  gen- 
erically by  the  presence  of  a  dark  terminal  band  on  both  sides  of  sec- 
ondaries, this  band  in  intermediata  being  broken  up  into  several  waved 
lines.  The  species  must  again  be  included  on  our  lists ;  we  omitted 
it  from  our  Check  List  as  the  records  had  evidently  been  based  on 
specimens  of  alternata;  we  figure  one  of  the  specimens  which  is  not  in 
the  best  of  condition. 

Xanthorhoe  salvata  Pears. 

In  his  description  of  this  supposedly  new  species,  Mr.  Pearsall 
entirely  overlooked  the  fact  that  the  antennal  structure  of  his  species 
agreed  with  that  of  the  European  abrasaria  H.  S. ;  on  the  strength 
of  this  and  because  the  general  description  pointed  strongly  in  this 
same  direction  we  recently  listed  salvata  as  a  race  of  abrasaria,  giving 
however  trilineata  Warr.  priority.     An  examination  of  the  type  has 


141 

shown  us  the  correctness  of  our  identification ;  iiow  Mr.  Pearsall  ever 
came  to  associate  this  Colorado  race  with  incursata  Hbn.  as  he  evi- 
dently did,  judging  by  his  paper,  must  remain  a  mystery;  it  exactly 
resembles  a  large  specimen  of  the  common  form  of  abrasaria  found 
in  the  White  Mts.,  N.  H.,  and  to  which  the  name  congregata  Wlk. 
applies.  The  tnie  incursata  (or  at  least  a  very  closely  allied  race  of 
the  same)  occurs  in  this  country  at  high  altitudes  in  the  Canadian 
Rockies ;  we  have  a  series  from  Laggan  and  Banff. 

Genus  Nasusina  Pears.     (PI.  XV,  Fig.  7). 

Following  a  discussion  by  Grossbeck  (1908,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc. 
XVI,  21)  of  the  genus  GymnosccUs  Mab.  and  the  species  included 
in  it  by  Hulst  in  which  the  variability  of  the  number  of  pairs  of  spurs 
on  the  hind  tibiae  was  pointed  out  Pearsall  ( 1908,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  344) 
erected  the  genus  Nasusina  for  seven  species  which  he  claimed  all 
possessed  a  similar  nose-like  frontal  prominence;  he  designated  as 
type  the  species  inferior  Hist.  The  choice  of  inferior  as  the  type 
of  the  genus  is  singularly  unfortunate  as  this  species  does  not  possess 
the  cone-like  prominence  found  in  gypsata  Grt.  and  its  allies  as  has 
been  already  noted  by  Grossbeck  in  the  above  mentioned  article ;  in  this 
species  however  the  front  is  distinctly  roundedly  bulging,  being  con- 
siderably raised  between  the  eyes,  and  is  covered  with  a  closely 
appressed  thick  mat  of  scales  giving  a  very  distinctive  appearance 
quite  in  contrast  to  what  is  found  in  typical  Eupithecia  species  where 
we  have  a  flat  sloping  front  with  merely  a  terminal  tuft  of  scales 
protruding  between  the  palpi.  We  think  therefore  that  the  genus 
will  hold,  but  so  far  as  our  investigations  go  should  be  made  to  include 
only  three  species,  viz,  inferior  Hist.,  minufa  Hist,  and  vaporata  Pears. 
Of  these  last  two  species  vaporata  was  described  as  a  Eupithecia  but 
has  exactly  the  same  style  of  raised  front  as  inferior,  our  own  opinion 
regarding  this  species  being  confirmed  by  Mr.  F.  E.  Watson  who  has 
kindly  examined  the  type  specimens  for  us;  minuta  Hist,  has  been 
included  in  Mabille's  genus  Gymnoscelis  on  the  strength  of  the  single 
pair  of  spurs  on  the  hind  tibiae;  this  genus,  based  on  the  European 
species  pumilata  Hbn.,  is  however  characterized  by  Meyrick  as  pos- 
sessing a  similar  cone  of  scales  on  the  front  to  that  of  Eupithecia  ( 1892, 
Tr.  Lond.  Ent.  Soc.  p.  65)  and  Rebel  (Spuler,  Schmett.  Eur.  II.  68) 
notes  the  fact  that  veins  6  and  7  of  secondaries  are  always  unstalked ; 


142 

as  minuta  shows  these  veins  stalked  as  in  Eupithecia  and  differs  fur- 
ther from  the  characterization  of  Gymnoscclis  in  its  frontal  structure 
we  believe  this  genus  should  be  dropped  and  minuta  included  in 
Nasusina,  the  spurs  of  the  hind  tibiae  having  already  been  shown  to 
be  a  variable  feature  although  in  this  one  species  apparently  constantly 
single.  In  the  three  species  noted  the  palpi  are  short,  rather  laterally 
compressed  with  the  second  joint  heavily  tufted  with  scales  on  its 
dorsal  surface. 

The  following  species,  included  up  to  now  under  Nasusina,  all 
agree  in  showing  a  cone-like  protuberant  front  projecting  between 
the  eyes  with  closely  appressed  scaling  and  with  the  under  surface 
more  or  less  hollowed  out  so  as  to  partially  contain  the  roUed-up 
proboscis ;  the  palpi  also  differ  from  the  type  found  in  Nasusina  in 
being  more  compressed  laterally  with  much  closer  appressed  scaling 
and  with  little  or  none  of  the  dorsal  tufting  found  in  both  that  genus 
and  in  Eupithecia;  on  the  other  hand  at  the  base  of  the  palpi  on  the 
under  side  the  scaling  is  more  prominent  ( PI.  XV,  Fig.  6 )  : 

gypsata  Grt. 

leucata  Hist. 

remorata  Grossb. 

discoidalis  Grossb. 

artestata  Grossb. 

desperata  Hist. 

mellisa  Grossb. 

insipidata  Pears. 
Of  these  eight  species  the  only  one  unknown  to  us  and  of  which 
we  do  not  possess  a  specimen  compared  with  the  type  is  artestata 
Grossb.  and  we  presume  that  Grossbeck  was  correct  in  placing  it, 
although  the  type  at  Philadelphia  must  be  examined  to  make  this  cer- 
tain;  opinata  Pears,  we  believe  better  placed  in  Eupithecia;  the  front 
is  only  very  slightly  bulging  but  has  a  scale  tuft  which  probably  misled 
Pearsall  into  placing  the  species  in  Nasusina;  the  palpi  are  also  dor- 
sally  tufted  and  the  species  would  in  some  ways  appear  to  lead  over 
from  Nasusina  to  Eupithecia;  nivcifascia  Hist,  is  distinctly  a  Eupi- 
thecia and  superficially  somewhat  similar  to  perbrunneata  Tayl. 

As  it  seems  advisable  to  separate  this  group  from  the  main  bulk 
of  the  genus  Eupithecia  we  propose  for  it  the  generic  name  Proeella, 
designating  gypsata  Grt.  as  type;  the  main  characters  of  the  genus 


143 

we  have  already  given  but  would  note  further  that  the  venation  is 
that  of  Eupithecia  and  that  the  upper  pair  of  spurs  on  the  hind  tibiae 
may  be  present  or  wanting;  in  remorata  we  find  the  greatest  develop- 
ment of  the  frontal  prominence  but  in  the  other  species  it  is  also  readily 
recognizable ;  we  would  however  warn  against  mistaking  the  conical 
scale  tuft  found  generally  in  the  genus  Eupithecia  for  the  frontal  pro- 
tuberance of  Prorella,  this  latter  being  actually  a  portion  of  the  chit- 
inous  membrane  and  as  well  defined  in  denuded  specimens  as  in  those 
fully  scaled.  It  is  possible  that  ravocostaliata  and  its  allies  must  also 
be  referred  here  as  they  show  a  somewhat  similar  frontal  projection, 
but  further  study  of  the  whole  Eupithecia  group  will  be  necessary 
before  this  is  done. 

Nasusina  insipidata  Pears.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  4). 

In  our  recent  Check  List  we  placed  this  species  as  a  synonym  of 
incllisa  Grossb.,  our  knowledge  of  the  species  being  based  on  the 
Co-type  from  California  in  the  American  Museum;  we  recently  ex- 
amined the  type  from  Las  Vegas,  N.  M.,  in  the  National  Museum 
and  we  believe  that  this  represents  a  species  distinct  from  mellisa 
(PI.  XXII,  Fig.  3)  and  is  not  the  same  thing  as  the  New  York  Co-type; 
it  has  a  darker  ground  color  with  none  of  the  ochreous  shading  found 
in  mellisa  and  with  apparently  a  smaller  discal  dot.  Until  good  series 
of  both  these  species  are  available  for  study  it  would  be  wise  to  keep 
them  apart.    We  figure  our  conception  of  both  species. 

Eupithecia  mendicata  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  2). 

Confused  with  Nasusina  vaporata  Pears.  (Fig.  1)  is  another  small 
species  from  the  same  locality  which  may  be  separated  primarily  on 
the  frontal  structure.  We  have  already  dealt  with  the  structure  of 
vaporata;  in  the  new  species  the  front  is  typically  Eupitheciid  i.  e. 
sloping,  non-protuberant  and  ending  in  a  tuft  of  conical  scaling;  the 
palpi  are  also  somewhat  longer  than  in  vaporata  and  project  slightly 
beyond  the  front.  Under  the  above  name  we  describe  the  species  as 
follows : 

Primaries  dull  gray  shaded  along  outer  margin  with  smoky;  the  sub- 
basal,  antemedian  and  postmedian  lines  are  distinct,  dark  and  parallel,  being 
inclined  sharply  outwardly  below  costa,  then  angled  or  rounded  and  inwardly 
oblique,  parallel  to  outer  margin,  to  inner  margin;  the  median  space  formed  by 
the  two  latter  lines  is  crossed  by  two  further  faint  wavy  lines  and  contains  a 
rather  prominent  dark  discal  dot;  there  are  also  several  faint  lines  preceding 


144 

the  antemedian  and  one  following  the  postmedian  line ;  along  the  costa  the 
main  lines  are  generally  accentuated  by  slight  dark  blotches ;  through  the  darker 
terminal  space  are  traces  of  a  pale  waved  s.  t.  line ;  a  heavy  blackish  terminal 
line  broken  by  pale  dots  on  the  veins.  Secondaries  with  the  lines  of  primaries 
continued,  the  postmedian  being  especially  heavy  and  preceded  by  a  minute 
discal  dot.  Beneath  primaries  darker  than  above  with  traces  of  the  same 
maculation  but  much  fainter  and  confined  largely  to  the  outer  area;  secondaries 
paler  than  above  with  dark  basal  area,  well  defined  discal  dot  and  postmedian 
line  and  dark  subtemiinal  one.    Expanse  13-14  mm. 

Habitat:  San  Diego,  Calif.  (Apr. -May).  3  5 ,  2  $.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

One  9  Co-type  is  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Museum, 
this  specimen  having  been  included  by  Pearsall  as  a  Co-type  of  vapor- 
ata;  apart  from  the  frontal  structure  the  species  may  be  recognized 
by  the  larger  discal  dot  of  primaries  and  the  paler  color  with  better 
defined  ante-  and  postmedian  lines. 

EUPITHECIA    MISERULATA    Grt. 

There  seems  to  be  no  end  gained  in  disputing  the  identity  of  this 
species  as  determined  by  Pearsall  and  Grossbeck  (Ent.  News,  XIX, 
312)  and  we  agree  in  applying  the  name  to  the  species  with  heavily 
fasciculate-ciliate  antennae.  Regarding  the  synonymy  we  are  rather 
in  doubt ;  nehulosa  Hist,  was  described  from  speciinens  from  N.  Y., 
Texas  and  N.  J. ;  the  type  from  N.  J.  is  a  9  in  the  Philadelphia 
Academy  Coll.  and  is  probably  miscrulata;  the  N.  Y.  and  Texan 
specimens  are  in  the  Hulst.  Coll.  the  latter  being  in  very  poor  con- 
dition ;  under  these  circumstances  we  believe  the  holotype  should  be 
restricted  to  the  N.  Y.  specimen  as  was  virtually  done  by  Grossbeck 
(Ent.  News,  XVIII,  343).  This  specimen  is  one  of  those  forms  with 
rather  evident  brown  band  following  the  postmedian  line  and  with 
darker  median  area  than  usual  and  equals  grossbeckiata  Swett ;  know- 
ing how  close  some  of  the  Eupithccia  species  run  to  each  other  we 
are  in  doubt  as  to  whether  nebttlosa  may  not  eventually  prove  a 
good  species  but  our  material  at  present  is  totally  inadequate  to  decide 
the  question  and  we  suggest  for  the  present  listing  nehulosa  (gross- 
beckiata) as  a  form  of  niiserulata  rather  than  making  it  an  exact  syn- 
onym in  order  that  this  possibly  distinctive  feature  may  not  be  totally 
lost  to  sight. 

Plumbaria  Hist,  based  on  a  single  9  from  Washington,  D.  C, 
in  the  National  Museum  seems  to  be  nothing  but  a  9  miserulata 
and  must  be  added  to  the  synonymy. 


145 

EUPITHECIA    PERFUSCA    Fllst. 

This  species  was  limited  by  Taylor  to  the  one  represented  by  the 
type  9  from  Utah  in  the  National  Museum  (C.  Ent.  XL,  58)  which 
he  and  Dr.  Dyar  seemed  to  regard  as  conspecific  with  an  obscurely 
marked  species  common  at  Kaslo  and  Wellington  B.  C.  After  a  study 
of  this  type  we  are  in  some  considerable  doubt  as  to  whether  this 
identification  is  correct;  the  type  is  a  very  immaculate  specimen  with 
less  rounded  apex  of  primaries  and  a  distinct  black  band  on  the  abdo- 
men and  runs  closer  to  slocaiiata  Tayl.  than  anything  else  we  know 
of ;  more  study,  especially  of  Utah  material,  will  be  necessary  to  settle 
the  status  of  perfusca;  the  whole  group  is  one  of  the  most  difficult 
of  this  difficult  genus. 

EuPITHECIA    ANNULATA    Hlst.       (PI.    XXII,    Fig.    9). 

The  species  was  described  from  a  single  specimen  of  doubtful 
locality,  probably  California;  a  study  of  the  type  at  Rutgers  College 
has  convinced  us  that  the  species  is  the  same  as  that  described  later 
by  Pearsall  as  limnata  from  Vancouver  Is.  material. 

EuPITHECIA    FLEBILIS    Hlst. 

This  species  from  Alaska  and  lagganata  Tayl.  are  very  closely 
related  and  in  fact  a  comparison  of  the  types  failed  to  show  us  any 
marked  points  of  distinction ;  in  view  however  of  the  wide  divergence 
of  the  type  localities  it  might  be  well  to  keep  the  two  names  separate 
until  longer  series  establish  firmly  their  exact  relationship.  We  figure 
the  type  of  lagganata  Tayl.  (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  5). 

EuPITHECIA  FORTUNATA  Pears.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  6). 

We  believe  this  name  must  fall  to  obumbrata  Tayl. ;  the  type 
localities  Golden,  Colo.,  and  Victoria,  B.  C,  are  wide  apart  but  the 
species  with  its  dark  secondaries  marked  much  as  the  primaries  is 
easily  recognized  and  rather  striking ;  it  is  apparently  a  northern  species 
extending  down  the  Rockies  and  the  Pacific  Coast. 

EuPITHECIA  FAsciATA  Tayl.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  7). 

This  name  will  fall  to  catskillata  Pears,  which  has  a  couple  of 
years  priority;  two  of  the  types  from  Ottawa  and  N.  J.  are  before 
us  and  we  have  seen  the  third  type  from  Mass.  in  Coll.  Swett ;  they 


146 

are  conspecific;  we  have  also  compared  the  type  with  Pearsall's  type 
series  of  catskillata  so  feel  reasonably  sure  of  the  correctness  of  our 
reference. 

EUPITHECIA    CALIFORNIATA    Gumpp. 

This  name  was  given  by  Gumppenberg  (1888,  Nov.  Act.  Halle 
52,  p.  174)  for  a  supposed  variety  of  misendata,  based  on  three  speci- 
mens from  California  mentioned  by  Packard  in  his  Monograph,  p. 
54,  under  miscrulata;  these  three  specimens  which  represent  the  types 
of  californiata  have  been  found  by  Mr.  Swett  in  the  Packard  collec- 
tion ;  they  have,  however,  nothing  to  do  with  misendata  but  are  very 
closely  related  to  rotnndopuncta  Pack. ;  they  seem  to  have  more  pointed 
wings  and  a  smaller  discal  dot  but  more  study  with  better  preserved 
material  will  be  necessary  before  the  exact  dififerences  can  be  pointed 
out. 

EUPITHECIA  ADORN  ATA  Tayl.      (PI.   XXII,   Fig.   10). 

This  species  will,  we  believe,  fall  to  obscurior  Hist. ;  this  latter 
species  was  described  (Tr.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  XXIII,  271)  from  speci- 
mens from  California  and  Colorado;  in  the  Rutgers  Coll.  the  type 
is  labelled  "Colorado  (Bruce)"  and  we  would  make  this  specimen 
the  holotype;  we  have  no  record  of  the  existence  of  any  other  type 
in  other  collections.  Taylor's  adornata  was  described  from  Calgary 
specimens  and  we  have  compared  one  of  the  Co-types  with  the  type 
of  obscurior  and  believe  them  to  represent  the  same  species.  We  might 
note  in  this  connection  that  the  type  specimen  of  nimbicolor  Hist,  from 
Calgary  greatly  resembles  a  rather  suffused  obscurior,  but  without 
comparing  further  material  we  would  hesitate  to  call  them  identical; 
they  should  however  be  placed  next  each  other  in  our  lists;  another 
very  close  ally  is  incresata  Pears,  described  from  Princeton  Summit 
and  Skagit  Basin,  B.  C. ;  it  shows  the  same  brownish  basal  and  s.  t. 
shades  but  is  rather  duller  in  maculation. 

EuPiTHECiA  PERiLLATA  Pears.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  11). 

A  study  of  types  proves  this  species  the  same  as  behrensata  Pack. ; 
the  type  of  this  latter  at  Cambridge  is  a  rather  worn  specimen  with 
the  cross-lines  indistinct  whereas  Pearsall's  type  shows  the  lines  fairly 
clearly,  but  sufficient  of  the  lines  can  be  traced  on  Packard's  type  to 


147 

make  the  reference  fairly  certain ;  we  might  note  that  the  discal  dot 
varies  considerably  in  size  in  the  three  specimens  we  possess  from  San 
Bernardino  Co.,  Calif. 

EuPiTHECiA  cLASsicATA  Pears.  (syn.  E.  penumbrata  Pears.)  (PI. 
XXII,  Fig.  8). 
The  species  classicata  was  described  from  a  single  male  from 
the  Huachuca  Mts.,  Ariz.,  the  type  being  now  in  the  Coll.  Am.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist,  ex  Coll.  Grossbeck ;  penumbrata  was  described  several  years 
later  as  a  Eucymatoge  from  two  specimens,  a  9  from  Palmerlee,  Ariz., 
the  Holotype,  which  is  also  in  the  Am.  Mus.  Coll.  ex  Coll.  Pearsall 
and  a  S  from  Redington,  Ariz.,  in  the  Barnes  Coll  labelled  "Co-type," 
which  we  figure.  The  type  of  classicata  is  in  very  poor  condition,  but 
as  far  as  can  be  told  represents  a  rather  dwarfed  $  of  penumbrata; 
Mr.  F.  Watson  has  kindly  examined  the  venation  of  the  type  for  us 
and  reports  that,  although  somewhat  torn  at  this  point  by  the  spread- 
ing needle,  the  specimen  appears  to  show  two  accessory  cells,  which 
would  throw  it  into  Eucymatoge  as  defined  by  Hulst.  Pearsall  evi- 
dently later  considered  the  two  names  to  be  synonyms  as  the  type 
of  penumbrata  bears  a  label  in  his  handwriting  "Is  this  a  synonym  of 
E.  classicata?"  and  a  "Yes"  written  diagonally  across  it;  our  own 
comparison  of  our  Co-type  with  the  types  in  New  York  failed  to 
show  any  definite  points  of  distinction,  and  we  beheve  the  above  syn- 
onymy should  be  accepted;  the  species  however,  according  to  Mr. 
Prout,  is  better  placed  in  the  genus  Eupitliecia,  belonging  to  a  small 
group  with  double  accessory  cell,  which  includes  atiticaria  Wlk.  and 
graefi  Hist. 

Eucymatoge  spermaphaga  Dyar. 

This  recently  described  species  (1917,  Insec.  Ins.  Menstr.,  V,  68) 
is  apparently  the  one  listed  by  the  Rev.  G.  VV.  Taylor  as  togata  Hbn. 
(1909,  C.  Ent.,  XLI,  428).  The  larva  of  this  European  species  has 
similar  food-plants  to  that  of  spermaphaga,  viz.  the  cones  of  various 
pine  and  fir  species,  and  it  will  be  interesting  to  determine  whether 
any  specific  differences  exist  sufficient  to  warrant  the  retention  of 
Dyar's  name.  As  to  the  generic  reference  Dyar  has  probably  fol- 
lowed Hulst  who  cites  togata  as  the  type  of  Eucymatoge ;  European 
authorities  (Rebel,  Prout.,  etc.),  however,  agree  that  the  presence  of 
a  double  areole  on  the  primaries  is  not  of  generic  value  in  this  case 
and  the  species  should  be  listed  under  Eupitliecia. 


148 

GEOMETRINAE 

Macaria  unipunctaria  Wgt.     (PI.  XXI,  Figs.  10,  11). 

We  have  recently  received  through  the  kindness  of  E.  P.  Van 
Duzee  a  photograph  of  the  Paratype  of  Melanolophia  unipunctaria 
Wgt.  described  recently  in  the  Ent.  News,  1916,  XXVII,  p.  458;  the 
species  is  quite  misplaced  in  the  genus  Melaiiolophia  and  belongs  in 
the  granitata  group  of  Macaria  being  very  close  to  succosata  Zell. 
which  was  described  ostensibly  from  Massachusetts  material  received 
from  Packard.  We  have  never  seen  any  Eastern  material  that  would 
correspond  with  Zeller's  diagnosis,  so  cannot  give  the  points  of  dis- 
tinction ;  we  would  however  call  attention  to  the  large  red-brown  costal 
spot  beyond  t.  p.  line  common  to  both  species.  Besides  a  9  from 
the  type  locality  we  have  specimens  of  unipunctaria  from  Monachee 
Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.,  and  various  points  in  the  Santa  Catalina 
Mts.  of  Arizona ;  the  species  is  probably  a  pine  feeder.  The  $  an- 
tennae we  should  characterize  as  serrate  and  fasciculate  rather  than 
pectinate;  the  serrations  are  slightly  shorter  than  in  multilineafa  Pack, 
but  larger  than  in  the  Vancouver  Is.  form  of  dispuncta  Wlk. 

Macaria  adonis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  12). 

Antennae  in  $  serrate  and  fasciculate,  in  9  simple ;  palpi,  head  and 
collar  bright  orange,  abdomen  pale  ochreous  with  a  double  row  of  black  dorsal 
dots;  thorax  and  primaries  mouse  gray,  the  latter  somewhat  shaded  with 
whitish  on  inner  half  of  wing;  three  prominent  black  costal  spots  giving  rise 
to  the  ordinary  dark  lines,  the  second  line  rather  closer  to  the  first  than  to 
the  third  (postmedian),  these  two  being  rather  faint,  slightly  bent  outward 
below  costa,  then  straight  across  wing ;  the  postmedian  line  is  prominently 
angled  on  vein  6,  then  indistinct,  broken  and  parallel  to  the  other  lines,  all 
three  showing  under  a  lens  traces  of  olivaceous  scaling;  beyond  the  t.  p.  line 
the  outer  area  is  bright  cinnamon-brown  with  the  exception  of  an  apical  gray 
patch  and  a  smaller  costal  triangular  patch  adjacent  to  t.  p.  line ;  at  times  a 
faint  gray  s.  t.  line  may  be  traced  through  the  brown  area  arising  from  the 
apical  gray  patch ;  a  broken  terminal  dark  line ;  fringes  dusky,  deepest  in  the 
subapical  excision,  with  a  small  pale  area  at  apex  of  wing.  Secondaries  simi- 
lar to  primaries  with  the  basal  area  rather  paler,  the  two  outer  lines  continued 
across  wings,  the  outer  being  wavy ;  a  small  discal  dot ;  outer  margin  crenu- 
late,  distinctly  angled  at  vein  4.  Beneath  whitish,  shaded  with  light  brown 
especially  on  outer  area,  the  lines  of  upper  side  reproduced ;  discal  dots  on 
all  wings,  most  distinct  on  secondaries.     Expanse  31-34  mm. 

Habitat:  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.  5  3,9  9.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 


149 

The  species  belongs  in  the  bicolorata  group  but  we  know  of  no 
name  applicable  to  it;  it  is  extremely  handsome  and  should  be  easily 
recognized  from  our  figure. 

Phasiane  hebetata  Hist.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  13). 

In  our  Contributions  Vol.  Ill  (3)  p.  181,  we  called  attention  to 
the  poor  condition  of  the  type  9  at  Rutgers  and  expressed  the 
opinion  that  hebetata  would  probably  prove  to  be  a  poorly  marked  form 
of  decorata  Grossb.  A  further  study  of  the  type  and  comparison 
with  more  material  proved  conclusively  to  us  that  this  reference  was 
erroneous;  we  believe  now  that  hebetata  is  the  same  species  as  our 
ponderosa  form  demaculata  (Contr.  Ill,  (4)  p.  235) ;  the  heavily 
sprinkled  under  side  with  tinges  of  ochreous  along  costal  border  of 
primaries  and  the  large  discal  dot  of  secondaries  are  characteristic ; 
besides  a  specimen  which  we  figure  which  agrees  absolutely  with  the 
type,  we  have  a  Colorado  $  of  the  heavily  marked  form  ponderosa. 
The  synonymy  would  therefore  stand 

hebetata  Hist. 

demaculata  B.  &  McD. 

form  ponderosa  B.  &  McD. 
Decorata  Grossb.  must  be  reinstated  as  a  good  species  and  not  a 
form  of  hebetata. 

Itame  sericeata  Hist.     (PI.  XXI,  Figs.  16,  17,  19,  20). 

This  species  was  described  (1898,  C.  Ent.  XXX,  191)  from 
several  specimens  from  Colorado  Desert  (Edw.)  and  Arizona 
(Kunze) ;  in  Ent.  News  XVIII,  149,  Grossbeck  refers  the  2  5  types 
in  the  Hulst.  Coll.  to  correllata  Hist.;  Dr.  Dyar  (Ent.  News  XVIII, 
205)  on  the  strength  of  a  type  from  Prescott,  Ariz.,  in  the  National 
Museum  objects  to  this  reference  and  Grossbeck  (1907,  Tr.  Am.  Ent. 
Soc.  XXXIII,  341),  after  having  seen  a  specimen  agreeing  with  the 
National  Museum  type,  refers  1  9  type  (Colorado  Desert)  to  cor- 
rellata, but  keeps  the  other  (Senator,  Ariz.)  as  a  good  species,  not- 
ing however  later  on  (1909,  Ent.  News,  XX,  354)  that  sericeata  Hist, 
falls  as  a  synonymy  of  colata  Grt. 

The  type  of  this  latter  species  is  a  9  from  Tucson,  Ariz.,  in 
the  Brooklyn  Inst.  Coll. ;  we  have  examined  this  type  carefully  as 
well  as  the  two  types  in  the  Hulst  Coll.  representing  respectively  cor- 
rellata  and    sericeata    and    fail    to    find    specific    diflferences;    colata 


150 

and  sericeata  are  based  on  9  specimens  and  both  show  a  straighter 
t.  p.  line  with  very  little  bend  in  the  submedian  fold  as  com- 
pared with  correllata,  based  on  a  5  specimen ;  this  difference 
we  believe  to  be  sexual  and  not  specific  and  not  even  entirely  constant 
in  either  sex,  as  a  long  series  before  us  from  Vineyard,  Utah,  shows 
considerable  variation  in  the  course  of  this  t.  p.  line  in  both  sexes; 
we  believe  we  are  correct  in  referring  both  sericeata  and  correllata 
as  synonyms  of  colata  Grt. 

We  figure  a  pair  of  specimens  from  Utah  which  agree  with  the 
types  of  correllata  and  colata  respectively,  and  also  a  pair  from  Mon- 
achee  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.,  which  shows  a  still  greater  curve 
in  the  t.  p.  line  and  probably  represents  the  form  of  the  High  Sierras. 

Itame  simpliciata  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  15). 

Front  whitish,  thorax  and  primaries  whitish  to  pale  mouse  gray,  evenly 
sprinkled  with  brown  atoms;  t.  a.  line  obscure,  strongly  angled  outwardly  be- 
low costa,  then  slightly  incurved  to  inner  margin ;  t.  p.  line  prominent,  almost 
upright,  with  a  small  outward  tooth  on  vein  5  and  an  outward  bend  above  inner 
margin,  accentuated  by  a  dark  spot  above  vein  5  and  more  heavily  marked 
in  the  submedian  fold,  followed  except  at  costa  by  a  dark  shade;  s.  t.  line  only 
marked  for  a  short  distance  below  costa  by  a  dark  shade-line ;  fringes  pale 
outwardly,  darker  at  base.  Secondaries  smoky,  whitish  along  inner  margin 
with  smoky  speckles,  fringes  white  outwardly.  Beneath  primaries  smoky  brown 
with  the  apex  broadly  light  gray;  secondaries  light  gray  sprinkled  with  brown 
and  with  an  obscure  curved  brown  postmedian  line.     Expanse  24  mm. 

Habitat:     Paradise,  Arizona   (Mch.  Apr.)     2    $.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  allied  to  pallipennata  B.  &  McD.  but  is  more  even 
in  color  with  a  straighter  t.  p.  line  and  no  postmedian  line  on  upper 
side  of  secondaries. 

Plataea  trilinearia  astrigaria  var.  nov.     (PI.  XX,  Fig.  1). 

Median  area  of  wing  pale  olivaceous  bordered  by  white  bands  as  in  the 
type  form;  remainder  of  wing  very  pale  olivaceous,  scarcely  darker  than 
the  white  bands  in  consequence  of  which  these  latter  are  very  improminent; 
s.  t.  line  faint,  white,  just  perceptible  on  the  slightly  darker  ground ;  an  oblique 
white  discal  streak ;  fringes  white  with  very  prominent  blackish  streaks  opposite 
the  veins.  Secondaries  white,  slightly  peppered  with  dusky  atoms.  Expanse  5 
36  mm.,    9    33  mm. 

Habitat:     Olancha,   Inyo  Co.,  Calif.     1     $,    \     9.    Types,  Coll.   Barnes. 

A  very  striking  race  easily  recognizable  by  its  pale  coloration  and 
entire  lack  of  white  marks  on  the  veins ;  it  may  prove  to  be  a  good 
species  but  for  the  present  we  treat  it  as  a  desert  race  of  trilinearia. 


151 

Plataea  calcaria  Pears. 

Apicrcna  calcaria  Pears.,  1911,  C.  Ent.  XLIII,  205  (  9  ). 

Plataea  triangulata  B.  &  McD.,  1916,  Contr.  Ill,  (1),  27,  PI.  Ill, 
Fig.  18.     (5). 

The  receipt  of  several  more  specimens  of  both  sexes  from  Palm 
Spgs.,  Calif.,  and  also  of  a  5  from  Yuma  Co.,  Ariz.,  convinces 
us  that  our  triangulata  is  merely  the  2  sex  of  Pearsall's  calcaria 
of  which  we  have  recently  examined  the  type;  the  sexual  difference 
is  striking  but  the  agreement  in  structure  of  the  two  sexes  makes 
the  reference  certain.  We  can  see  no  reason  for  retaining  the  genus 
Apicrena  Pears. ;  the  venation  is  that  of  Plataea  with  which  genus  it 
also  agrees  in  the  shortly  pectinate    9    antennae. 

Glaucina  puellaria  Dyar.     (PI.  XXII,  Figs.  12,  13). 

The  types  are  several  9  's  in  the  National  Museum  from  vari- 
ous southern  Arizona  localities ;  they  appear  to  be  conspecific  although 
a  Co-type  sent  us  years  ago  by  Dr.  Dyar  from  Catalina  Spgs.,  Ariz. 
(Schwarz)  represents  an  entirely  different  species,  being  a  9  Syn- 
glochis  perumbraria  Hist. ;  the  2  i  's  mentioned  by  Dr.  Dyar  in  his 
description  as  being  doubtfully  identical  we  believe  to  be  something 
else  and,  as  these  are  provided  with  type  labels  and  might  lead  to  con- 
fusion later,  we  hereby  restrict  the  type  of  puellaria  to  the  9  from 
S.  Arizona,  Poling.  We  believe  the  species  will  prove  to  be  synony- 
mous with  escaria  Grt. ;  the  markings  and  color  of  primaries  agree 
exactly  with  a  specimen  (also  from  S.  Arizona,  Poling)  which  we 
have  compared  with  the  $  type  in  the  Brooklyn  Inst.;  the  under 
side  of  both  wings  shows  a  broad  darkish  marginal  band  in  the  puel- 
laria types  but  we  believe  this  is  merely  a  9  characteristic.  In  our 
Contributions  (Vol.  Ill  (3)  183)  we  were  inclined  to  associate  error- 
aria  Dyar  with  escaria  Grt.  but  believe  now  that  the  species  is  valid ; 
at  that  time  our  notion  of  puellaria  was  taken  from  the  S  specimens 
instead  of  the  true  9  types.  Erroraria  (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  14),  the 
type  being  a  9  from  Hot  Springs,  Ariz.  (Schwarz),  is  very  similar 
to  puellaria  (escaria)  in  maculation  but  the  color  of  primaries  is  paler, 
approaching  fawn-gray,  and  the  secondaries  have  a  whiter  basal  area ; 
the  type  shows  a  whitish,  subcrenulate  s.  t.  line  which  is  obsolete  in 
the  two  co-types  from  Tucson,  Ariz. ;  we  have  not  yet  definitely  identi- 
fied   S  's  of  erroraria. 


152 

The  group  is  a  difficult  one  and  will  require  further  study,  but 
we  are  reasonably  sure  of  our  reference  of  puellaria  Dyar  to  escaria 
Grt. 

Glaucina  simularia  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  14). 

Thorax  and  primaries  deep  smoky ;  t.  a,  line  indistinct,  sharply  angled 
outwardly  below  cubitus ;  a  slight  black  streak  in  cell ;  median  shade  and  t.  p. 
line  close  together  and  parallel,  arising  from  apical  portion  of  costa  and 
strongly  inwardly  oblique,  the  former  broad,  smoky,  bent  outward  below  costa, 
then  oblique  and  slightly  crenulate  with  a  faint  inward  angle  in  submedian 
fold ;  t.  p.  Une  narrow,  oblique  at  costa,  slightly  bulging  at  vein  6,  then  curving 
obliquely  backward  to  submedian  fold  where  it  bends  outward  and  continues 
less  obliquely  to  inner  margin  just  beyond  its  center;  it  is  followed  by  a 
distinct  light  brown  shade-band ;  subterminal  area  shaded  with  blackish  and 
white  and  bounded  outwardly  by  a  white  s.  t.  line,  in  general  parallel  to  t.  p. 
line ;  fringes  dark  with  white  basal  line.  Secondaries  heavily  sprinkled  with 
smoky  and  with  a  deeper  smoky  terminal  border,  containing  a  white,  slightly 
irregular  s.  t.  line  parallel  to  outer  margin ;  fringes  as  on  primaries.  Beneath 
heavily  peppered  with  smoky  with  traces  of  the  subterminal  markings  of  upper 
side  on  both  wings;  secondaries  with  small  discal  dot.    Expanse  28  mm. 

Habitat  :  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Calif.  1  9 .  Type,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  species  is  closely  allied  to  hulstinoides  Grossb.  but  is  larger, 
darker-winged  and  the  lateral  rim  of  the  frontal  prominence  is  not  so 
well  defined.  Both  species  show  distinct  pectinate  antennae  in  the 
9  sex  which  may  eventually  lead  to  their  separation  from  the  genus 
Glaucina  to  which  in  maculation  they  show  no  very  great  affinity.  The 
tibial  spine  on  our  species  is  small  and  might  easily  be  overlooked. 

Pterotaea  obliviscata  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  21). 

Very  similar  to  memoriata  Pears.  (PI.  XXI,  Fig.  18)  but  paler  in  color 
without  the  ochreous  tinge  of  this  species ;  the  maculation  is  very  obscure,  but 
in  general  similar  to  that  of  memoriata ;  the  s.  t.  line  is  better  defined,  irregular, 
distinctly  dentate,  the  whole  terminal  area  being  paler  then  the  s.  t.  area  and 
without  the  heavy  dark  shades  at  apex  and  ana!  angle  with  a  pale  space  be- 
tween veins  3  and  4  which  characterizes  memoriata;  there  is  a  distinct  row  of 
terminal  blackish  interspaceal  dots  on  both  wings  (lacking  in  Pearsall's  species) 
and  usually  a  small  but  fairly  clear  discal  dot.  Beneath  both  wings  are  whit- 
ish with  generally  a  small  discal  dot  and  dotted  terminal  line.     Expanse  23  mm. 

Habitat:  Paradise,  Arizona  (May,  Aug.,  Sept.)  7  3,  4  9.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 


153 

As  the  species  is  difficult  to  describe  we  give  figures  of  both 
species  which  should  show  the  salient  points  of  distinction  better  than 
a  mere  description;  we  have  a  good  series  of  mcmoriata  before  us 
and  the  differences  seem  perfectly  constant;  both  species  occur  in  the 
same  locality  and  are  alike  in  structure. 

Cleora  (Selidosema)  dionaria  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XX,  Fig.  6). 

Primaries  whitish,  rather  heavily  sprinkled  with  smoky  and  with  a  yellow- 
ish tinge  on  the  veins  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  cross-lines;  four  obscure 
equidistant  smoky  patches  on  costa  giving  rise  to  cross-lines  of  which  the  first 
is  obsolescent,  outwardly  rounded  and  closely  approached  to  the  second  at 
inner  margin ;  the  second  corresponds  to  the  ordinary  t.  p.  line,  is  not  very 
distinct,  inwardly  oblique  and  slightly  dentate ;  the  third  is  bent  out  below  costa 
forming  an  angle  in  which  a  discal  ringlet  rests,  then  irregular  to  inner  margin 
and  approximate  to  t.  p.  line;  the  fourth  or  t.  p.  line  is  the  most  distinct  of 
all,  evenly  dentate,  rounded  outwardly  below  costa,  then  oblique  inwardly  to 
inner  margin  above  which  it  forms  a  rather  prominent  inward  excavation  with 
an  outward  angle  on  vein  1 ;  following  it  is  a  slight  brownish  shade,  most 
distinct  on  the  veins ;  s.  t.  line  obscure,  pale,  dentate,  preceded  by  smoky  shade ; 
a  black  scalloped  terminal  line,  accentuated  at  base  of  scallops  by  a  dark  dot; 
secondaries  similar  to  primaries  in  color,  with  a  distinct  dentate  t.  p.  line  and 
a  somewhat  larger  discal  ringlet.  Beneath  silky  whitish,  costa  of  primaries 
pale  ochreous,  blotched  with  smoky;  faint  discal  ringlets  and  dark  terminal 
line  to  both  wings. 

9 .  Whiter  than  the  $  with  prominent  discal  ringlet  on  secondaries. 
Expanse    $    40  mm. ;    2    45  mm. 

Habitat:     Palmerlee,  Ariz.    4    $,    \     9.     Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Very  similar  to  grisearia  Grt.  but  larger,  less  contrasted  in  colora- 
tion and  with  a  discal  ringlet  on  secondaries  instead  of  a  dot ;  it  is  also 
allied  to  fiirfuraria  Hist,  but  separated  readily  by  the  ringlet;  the  S 
shows  no  hair-pencil  on  the  hind-tibia. 

Cleora  porcelaria  Gn. 

This  species,  which  was  not  definitely  recognized  by  either  Pack- 
ard or  Hist.,  was  doubtfully  placed  as  a  synonym  of  umbrosaria  Hbn. 
by  Hulst  in  Dyar's  List  (p.  325)  and  this  reference  was  followed  by 
ourselves  in  our  recent  Check  List.  The  types  are  stated  to  be  3  $ 
in  Coll.  Paris  Museum  and  Boisduval ;  M.  Oberthur  states  (fit.  Lep. 
Comp.,  VII,  274)  that  no  specimen  exists  in  his  collection  ex  Coll. 
Boisduval  and  we  were  unable  on  our  last  visit  to  Paris  to  find  any 
type  specimens  there  so  that  we  must  conclude  that  the  types  are 
probably  lost. 


154 

Guenee  in  his  description  separates  porcelaria  (not  porccllaria  as 
usually  written)  from  his  gnophnria  by  the  fact  that  the  discal  ringlet, 
so  prominent  in  this  latter  species,  is  reduced  to  a  simple  curved  dash 
(un  simple  trait  arque)  ;  he  further  mentions  particularly  a  fovea 
(vesicule)  at  the  base  of  primaries  which  forms  on  the  under  side  a 
small  rounded  depression  (une  petite  fossette  arrondie). 

These  two  features  lead  us  to  believe  that  without  much  doubt 
Guenee  had  before  him  specimens  of  what  is  listed  at  present  as 
indicataria  Wlk. ;  this  species  distinctly  resembles  iimbrosaria  {gno- 
pliaria)  in  type  of  maculation,  but  has  the  ringlet  reduced  to  a  curved 
dash  and  further  shows  a  very  prominent  fovea  at  the  base  of  pri- 
maries. As  Guenee  ascribes  the  name  porcelaria  to  Abbot  (presum- 
ably according  to  an  unpublished  figure),  we  may  take  it  that  the 
type  locality  was  Georgia ;  in  this  case  filaria  Wlk.  and  maestosa  Hist. 
{vide  B.  &  McD.  Contr.,  Ill,  (3),  185)  become  synonyms  of  porce- 
laria and  the  name  indicataria  Wlk.  may  be  employed  for  the  northern 
race  common  in  the  New  England  States  and  Canada  if  it  be  so 
desired. 

As  regards  gnopharia  Gn.  and  iimbrosaria  Hbn.  we  believe,  as 
far  as  we  can  judge  from  the  rather  poor  figures  given,  that  they 
are  synonyms;  Guenee's  idea  of  iimbrosaria  with  uniform  dark  gray 
under  side  and  no  subterminal  band  does  not  coincide  with  Hubner's 
figure  in  our  copy  of  the  Sammlung  Ex.  Schmett. 

Philtraea  elegantaria  paucimacula  var.  nov.  (PI.  XX,  Fig.  3). 
The  typical  form  of  this  species  (Fig.  2),  has  the  black  markings 
on  both  sides  of  the  t.  a.  and  t.  p.  lines  and  within  the  circular  reniform 
yellow  spot  very  heavy,  the  latter  being  almost  entirely  black  filled; 
the  typical  species  occurs  in  the  mountain  ranges  of  Pima  Co.,  Ariz. 
In  the  eastern  portion  of  its  range  the  species  assumes  a  somewhat 
different  aspect,  showing  a  marked  reduction  of  black  spotting,  espe- 
cially noticeable  within  the  reniform  ring  where  the  spots  are  usually 
mere  dots  and  the  center  is  white;  as  this  difference  seems  entirely 
constant  we  propose  the  above  racial  name,  our  type  series  being 
2  ,J  ,  5  2  from  San  Benito,  Texas  (Mch.)  ;  we  also  have  the  race 
from  Greenville,  Miss.,  and  it  extends  west  through  New  Mexico  (Ft. 
Wingate,  Jemez  Spgs.)  to  the  eastern  border  of  Arizona  (White  Mts.)  ; 
the  Ft.  Wingate  specimens  are  slightly  better  marked  than  our  types, 
but  eastern  Arizona  ones  show  even  less  markings;  it  may  be  that 
semi-desert  conditions  are  responsible  for  the  lack  of  maculation. 


155 

Plagodis  KUETZiNGARiA  Pack.     (PI.  XXIII,  Fig.  3). 

We  already  (Contr.  Ill,  (4)  p.  249)  have  had  occasion  to  refer 
to  this  species  and  its  involved  synonymy;  on  a  recent  visit  to  Cam- 
bridge we  went  over  the  specimens  of  this  species  contained  in  the 
Packard  collection  and  found  that  of  the  original  type  specimens  only 
the  single  specimen  from  Maryland  was  present  and  this  did  not  agree 
well  with  either  the  description  or  the  figure  given  (PI.  XI,  Fig.  44). 
A  visit  to  the  collection  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History 
proved,  however,  that  there  still  existed  in  the  Harris  Collection  the 
specimen  labelled  "Cambridge  May  6,"  "Coll.  Harris,"  and  as  this 
agrees  well  with  Packard's  figure  we  propose  that  it  be  made  the  holo- 
type  of  the  species.  Of  the  other  specimens  mentioned  from  Albany 
(Lintner)  Ithaca  (Comstock)  and  New  York  (Grote)  we  have  no 
record ;  it  may  be  that  they  may  still  be  found  in  the  respective  collec- 
tions; Morrison's  Cambridge  specimen  is  probably  destroyed. 

Purpuraria  Pears,  we  believe  will  prove  a  distinct  species  from 
kuetsingaria  as  thus  limited;  the  group  seems  to  be  an  involved  one 
and  until  careful  comparisons  of  S  genitalia  can  be  made  we  prefer 
not  to  make  too  definite  statements. 

GoNODONTLS?  siMPLicius  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XX,  Figs.  4,  5). 

Palpi  moderate,  porrect;  $  antennae  bipectinate  to  near  apex,  9  an- 
tennae faintly  serrate;  head,  thorax,  abdomen  and  wings  pale  grayish  ochreous, 
the  latter  heavily  sprinkled  with  blackish  dots  which  thicken  in  the  subterminal 
area  forming  an  irregular  blackish  band  bordered  outwardly  by  a  pale  s.  t.  line 
beyond  which  the  terminal  area  is  paler  than  remainder  of  wing;  a  discal  dot 
on  both  wings,  largest  on  primaries;  the  t.  p.  line  is  generally  wanting,  but 
in  some  instances  is  present,  slightly  crenulate,  outwardly  oblique  from  costa 
to  vein  6  then  bent  and  parallel  to  outer  margin ;  fringes  pale  ochreous.  Be- 
neath considerably  paler  than  above  but  similar  in  maculation.  In  the  9  the 
abdomen  projects  considerably  beyond  the  secondaries  with  protuberant  ovi- 
positor and  the  wings  are  rather  stumpy  looking,  giving  the  appearance  of 
being  slightly  aborted.    Expanse  35  mm. 

Habitat:  Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif.  (June  ).  8  5,8  ?.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  generic  reference  is  doubtful  and  the  species  possibly  might 
better  be  referred  to  Mcris  Hist. ;  the  venation  appears  to  agree  with 
Hulst's  definition  of  this  genus,  veins  10,  11  and  12  anastomosing; 
the  hind  tibiae  in  the  5  are  without  hair  pencil  and  we  can  see  no 
fovea  at  base  of  primaries ;  the  species  resembles,  however,  cctrapclaria 


156 

Grossb.  so  closely  that  we  feel  it  should  be  placed  next  this  species; 
from  cctrapclaria  it  differs  by  its  much  smaller  size  and  generally 
more  slender  build ;  the  9  has  a  much  longer  abdomen  which  pro- 
trudes well  beyond  the  secondaries  and  from  what  can  be  seen  of  the 
t.  p.  line  it  appears  to  be  more  crenulate  in  our  new  species. 

Synaxis  triangulata  B.  &  McD. 

This  recently  described  species  (Contr.  Ill,  (1)  2>i)  was  placed 
by  us  in  Sabulodes  from  a  single  9  specimen ;  the  receipt  of  a  5 
from  Kerrville,  Texas,  which  has  pectinate  antennae  renders  the  re- 
moval from  this  genus  necessary ;  the  antennae  of  the  9  ,  as  noted 
in  our  original  description,  are  distinctly  bidentate  and  although  the 
S  antennae  are  much  more  strongly  pectinate  than  in  fnscata  Hist, 
or  jubararia  Hist,  the  reference  to  the  genus  Synaxis  is  the  most  satis- 
factory we  know  of  at  the  present  time,  the  palpi  being  distinctly 
shorter  than  we  find  in  members  of  the  genus  Phcrne  and  Epiplaly- 
metra. 

Stenaspilates  metzaria  Dyar. 

This  name  is  based  on  a  rather  dark  gray  $  from  Clarcmont, 
Calif.,  of  the  species  apapinaria  Dyar,  described  the  year  previous  from 
ochreous  9  specimens  from  San  Diego,  Calif. ;  as  in  the  whole 
Stciiaspilatcs  group  there  is  a  great  variety  of  color  exhibited  in  this 
species,  the  S  's  ranging  from  dark  gray  to  dark  ochreous,  the  9  's 
being  more  constantly  deep  ochreous.  If  desired,  the  name  metzaria 
may  be  used  for  the  color-form  of  apapinaria  as  noted. 

Sabulodes  accentuata  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIII,  Fig.  4). 

Thorax  and  wings  pale  to  deep  ochreous,  the  primaries  striate  in  appear- 
ance and  crossed  by  two  rather  broad  smoky  lines,  the  t.  a.  line  outwardly 
oblique  from  costa  to  lower  portion  of  cell,  then  slightly  angled  and  almost 
straight  to  inner  margin ;  t.  p.  line  from  costa  near  apex,  very  slightly  sinuate, 
almost  rigidly  oblique,  accentuated  on  the  veins  by  black  dots,  continued  across 
secondaries  as  a  straight  line,  similarly  dotted  on  the  veins.  Beneath  silky 
ochreous  with  maculation  of  upper  side  showing  through;  fringes  rather  deeper 
in  color  with  distinct  black  dots  at  end  of  veins.     Expanse  39  mm. 

Habitat:     Flagstaff,   Arizona    (May).       4     $.    Types,  Coll.   Barnes. 


157 

Destutia  sericeata  B.  &  McD. 

We  find  on  going  over  our  collection  that  this  species  recently 
described  by  us  (1917,  Contr.,  Ill  (4)  261)  is  closely  related  to  the 
species  now  listed  as  Phcngommataca  dissimilis  Hist. ;  typical  dis- 
similis  from  Glenwood  Spgs.,  Colo.,  is  without  cross  lines  and  of  a 
rather  deeper  yellow  shade  than  sericeata  but  we  have  specimens  from 
Jemez  Spgs.,  N.  Mex.,  showing  traces  of  lines  which  have  a  similar 
course  to  those  of  our  species  although  not  so  clearly  defined.  Both 
species  are  without  the  tibial  hair-pencil,  a  feature  which  led  Hulst 
to  place  dissimilis  in  the  genus  Phcngomntataea  where  it  is  clearly  mis- 
placed;  we  believe  they  would  be  better  placed  in  Grossbeck's  genus 
Destutia  which  differs  from  Sabidodes  in  the  lack  of  this  tibial  hair 
pencil;  they  may  prove  to  be  merely  races  or  seasonal  forms  of  one 
species. 


158 


MEGALOPYGIDAE 

Megalopyge  lapena  Schaus. 

In  Can.  Ent.  1913,  p.  185,  we  recorded  the  above  species  from 
Arizona ;  recently,  together  with  Dr.  Dyar,  we  compared  one  of  our 
y\rizona  specimens  with  Schaus'  type  in  the  National  Museum  and 
noted  that  they  were  not  identical ;  in  the  type  S  there  is  a  distinct 
small  brown  patch  on  primaries  at  end  of  cell  at  the  origin  of  vein 
5  which  in  our  Arizona  specimens  (PI.  XX,  Fig.  12)  is  reduced  quite 
constantly  to  a  small  dark  dot  which,  together  with  the  subapical  spot, 
is  rather  darker  brown  than  the  basal  patch ;  Druce's  figure  of  lapena 
in  Biol.  Cent.  Am.  Het.  PI.  86,  Fig.  13,  does  not  bring  out  very  clearly 
the  nature  of  the  discocellular  patch  which  is  really  much  better  defined 
than  in  the  copy  before  us.  For  our  Arizona  form,  which  we  treat 
as  a  race  rather  than  a  species,  we  propose  the  name  heteropuncta, 
our  types  being  3  S  from  Chiricahua  Mts.,  Ariz.  (Aug.)  and  2  $ 
from  Palmerlee,  Ariz.,  and  Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz. 


159 


PYRALIDAE 

PYRAUSTINAE 

Syngamia  florepicta  Dyar. 

The  species  was  described  (1914,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XLVII,  392) 
from  Mexico  and  was  later  listed  (1917,  Insec.  Ins.  Menstr.,  V,  71) 
from  the  United  States.  There  seems  little  doubt  that  the  name  is 
a  synonym  of  talis  Grt.  (No.  4936  of  our  list) ;  the  description  agrees 
perfectly  with  a  specimen  we  have  compared  with  Grote's  type  in  the 
British  Museum.  The  species  is  rather  widely  distributed  throughout 
the  Gulf  States. 

ISCHNURGES    CHROMAPHILA    Dyar. 

If  Dr.  Dyar's  record  of  this  species  from  Arizona  (1917,  Insec. 
Ins.  Menstr.,  V,  72)  is  based  on  correctly  identified  material  then 
cliroinafliila  becomes  a  synonym  of  roscopcnnalis  Hist.  (No.  5053 
of  our  list)  ;  the  species  was  described  from  material  from  N.  Carolina 
and  Arizona  and  we  have  specimens  from  both  localities  which  we 
cannot  separate  either  in  structure  or  maculation ;  our  long  Arizona 
series  shows  considerable  variation  in  the  amount  of  pink  shading 
beyond  the  cell  on  primaries.  We  see  no  adequate  reason  for  remov- 
ing the  species  from  the  genus  Diascmia  at  present  as  the  maxillary 
palpi  are  certaintly  not  filiform  althougli  not  very  markedly  tufted. 

LOXOSTEGE    ANARTALIS    Grt. 

In  our  Collection  there  have  been  several  species  included  under 
this  one  name;  typical  auartalis  (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  15)  was  described 
from  Soda  Springs,  Siskiyou  Co.,  Calif.,  and  is  characterized  by  the 
deep  black  border  of  secondaries  preceded  by  a  broad  band  of  creamy 
white  with  the  basal  area  blackish ;  beneath  both  wings  show  a  broad 
black  border.  Hulst's  description  of  lulualis  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc, 
XIII,  150)  applies  exactly  to  this  form  and  although  we  restricted 
the  name  to  the  type  specimen  from  Anticosti  Island  (Contr.  Ill,  (3) 
191)  this  action  of  ours  may  not  hold  if  the  specimen  does  not  agree 
with  the  diagnosis.  We  have  several  specimens  from  Manitoba  and 
Alberta  (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  17)  which  differ  from  typical  anarlalis  at  the 
first  glance  by  lacking  the  broad  white  area  of  secondaries  which  is 


160 

reduced  to  a  narrow  dull  gray  band  preceded  by  a  dotted  blackish 
line,  the  whole  basal  area  being  deep  smoky ;  the  outer  band  is  less 
intensely  black  and  narrower.  Beneath  there  is  none  of  the  prom- 
inent black  marginal  banding  of  anartalis,  both  wings  being  pale  whitish 
ochrcous  with  slightly  darker  terminal  area ;  the  primaries  show  small 
orbicular  and  reniform  marks  and  there  is  a  trace  of  a  dotted  post- 
median  line  crossing  both  wings ;  the  fringes  are  pale  smoky  basally, 
whitish  outwardly  and  there  is  a  broken  dark  terminal  line  to  both 
wings.  The  coloration  of  the  upper  side  of  primaries  is  rather  vari- 
able, being  deep  smoky-black  more  or  less  shaded  and  suffused  with 
white  scaling  giving  a  grayish  appearance  basally  and  subterminally ; 
the  maculation  is  similar  to  that  of  anurtalis  but  the  orbicular  and 
reniform  are  smaller  and  generally  better  defined  and  the  median  area 
often  considerably  darker  than  the  rest  of  the  wing.  We  regard  this 
form  as  specifically  distinct  from  anartalis  and  propose  the  name 
ALBERTALis  for  the  species ;  our  type  $  is  without  a  label  but  probably 
from  the  same  locality  as  our  9  type  which  was  taken  at  Gleichen, 
Alta.  (July)  by  Mr.  Wolley-Dod;  we  have  other  specimens  from 
Beulah  and  Miniota,  Manitoba,  and  a  single  Alaskan  $  which  pre- 
sumably belongs  here  but  which  has  the  whole  basal  half  of  secondaries 
much  paler. 

In  Utah  we  meet  with  another  form  (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  16)  in  which 
the  secondaries  are  entirely  blackish  with  a  trace  of  a  pale  s.  t.  band 
confined  to  the  central  portion  of  the  wing  and  quite  improminent. 
Beneath  both  wings  are  much  darker  than  in  albcrtalis,  being  gray 
quite  heavily  sprinkled  with  smoky,  the  maculation  being  otherwise 
as  in  this  species.  The  primaries  above  are  quite  similar  to  those  of 
albcrtalis  but  slightly  darker  in  tone.  For  this  form  we  propose 
the  name  saxicolalis,  our  type  being  a  $  from  Stockton,  Utah 
(May)  ;  besides  this  specimen  we  have  four  other  worn  ones  taken  at 
Eureka,  Utah,  in  April  and  May. 

LoxosTEGE  TERPNALis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  20). 

Palpi,  head  and  thorax  clothed  with  mixed  black  and  white  scales ;  pri- 
maries with  a  general  dark  bluish-gray  appearance  caused  by  heavy  white 
scaling  over  a  blackish  ground  color,  shaded  with  white  broadly  before  t.  a. 
line  and  beyond  t.  p.  line  as  well  as  along  outer  margin  except  at  apex ;  t.  a. 
line  rather  regularly  outcurved;  t.  p.  line  arising  from  slight  blotch  on  costa, 
squarely  exserted  around  the  cell  and  finely  crenulate  with  a  prominent  tooth 
above  vein   1 ;  some  apical  dark  shading  continued  as  a  fine  line  across  wing 


161 

and  broadening  at  inner  margin ;  a  faint  terminal  dark  line ;  fringes  checkered 
black  ?.nd  white  at  base,  paler  outwardly  with  dark  central  line.  Secondaries 
light  brownish  with  small  dark  discal  dot,  traces  of  a  curved  postmedian  line 
and  a  rather  heavy  subtenninal  shade  line;  fringes  pale  with  dark  basal  and 
median  lines.  Beneath  pale  brownish,  primaries  with  orbicular  and  reniform 
marked  in  black  and  the  t.  p.  line  of  upper  side  fairly  distinctly  outlined; 
secondaries  paler  and  less  maculate  than  above.    Expanse  22  mm. 

Habitat:  Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif.  (Apr.  June)  2  9.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

Allied  to  allectalis  Grt.  and  lepidalis  Hist,  but  with  the  bulge  of 
the  t.  p.  line  closer  to  outer  margin  than  in  either  of  these  two  species. 

Lo.XOSTEGE    UNILINEALIS    sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XXIV,    Fig.    I). 

Primaries  pale  creamy  white  slightly  sprinkled  with  smoky  and  with  a 
single  dark  line  starting  from  costa  near  apex,  gently  rounded  and  then  rigidly 
oblique  to  just  beyond  the  middle  of  inner  margin ;  a  faint  dark  terminal  line ; 
fringes  pale  with  faint  smoky  median  line.  Secondaries  whitish,  slightly  smoky 
outwardly  with  tenninal  line  and  fringes  as  on  primaries.  Beneath  primaries 
pale  smoky  with  the  maculation  of  upper  side  partially  developed;  secondaries 
white.     Expanse  14  mm. 

Habitat:     Redington,  Ariz.     1    $■    Type,  Coll.  Barnes. 

This  small  species  is  placed  in  the  genus  Loxostege  on  account 
of  the  conically  protuberant  front;  if  the  frontal  structure  did  not 
disagree  we  should  be  inclined  to  place  it  in  Edia  Dyar  (Titanio)  along 
with  the  bclialis  group  although  even  here  it  would  be  aberrant.  The 
proboscis  is  reduced  and  concealed  by  the  palpi  which  are  rather  shorter 
than  usual  in  the  genus. 

Loxostege  parvipicta  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIII,  Fig.  10). 

Palpi  and  front  whitish;  thorax  pale  yellow  with  a  central  pinkish-purple 
stripe ;  primaries  pale  yellow  crossed  by  two  curved  parallel  bands  of  pinkish- 
purple;  costa  to  first  line  of  a  similar  color;  a  large  round  pinkish-purple 
discal  dot;  secondaries  white  in  5,  in  9  shaded  with  pinkish  terminally. 
Beneath  primaries  largely  pinkish  with  pale  yellow  terminal  area,  secondaries 
as  above.    Expanse  13  mm. 

Habitat:     Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif.     3     3,2     9.     Types,  Coll.   Barnes. 

Belongs  in  the  vibicalis  group  but  has  a  rather  more  prominent 
frontal  protuberance  than  usual. 

Titanic  subargentalis  sp.  nov. 

Vestiture  of  palpi  and  head  very  shaggy,  composed  of  mixed  black  and 
white  hairs.     Primaries  blackish  with  indistinct  maculation  very  similar  to  that 


162 

of  Orenaia  trivialis  B.  &  McD. ;  some  whitish  scattered  scaling  at  base  and 
in  cell  and  a  better  defined  s.  t.  band  of  whitish  scales  becoming  obsolete  towards 
apex  of  wing.  Secondaries  deep  smoky  with  darker  shade  near  outer  margin 
between  veins  2  and  3  outlined  outwardly  partially  by  a  paler  shade.  Beneath 
silvery  with  a  slight  smoky  tinge,  primaries  with  discal  dash  and  faint  s.  t. 
line;  secondaries  with  discal  spot  (which  appears  closer  to  base  of  wing  than 
usual  owing  to  the  shortness  of  the  cell)  and  a  curved  dark  indistinct  s.  t. 
line  bent  downward  at  anal  angle ;  fringes  on  both  wings  smoky.  Expanse 
20  mm. 

Habitat:  Nebraska  Hill  near  Tolland,  Gilpin  Co.,  Colo.  (July  5).  1  $. 
Type,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  specimen  was  sent  us  by  Prof.  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell  through 
whose  kindness  we  are  permitted  to  retain  it.  It  is  in  rather  poor 
condition  and  we  should  have  hesitated  to  describe  it  if  it  had  not 
been  for  the  structural  characters  and  the  characteristic  under  side 
which  should  render  the  species  recognizable ;  from  trivialis  it  may 
be  separated  by  the  very  hairy  palpi  which  in  trivialis  are  smooth 
scaled.  It  is  probably  a  day  flyer,  our  specimen  having  been  captured 
sitting  on  the  flower  of  Silene  acaulis. 

Phlyctaenia  angu.stalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  19). 

Primaries  long,  narrow,  light  mouse  gray  somewhat  darker  in  costal  area ; 
maculation  rather  indistinct ;  t.  a.  line  black,  inwardly  oblique  with  a  prom- 
inent outward  tooth  in  the  cell,  preceded  on  inner  margin  by  a  slight  white 
dash  and  dark  spot ;  t.  a.  line  gently  rounded  and  slightly  dentate  from  costa 
to  vein  4,  sharply  bent  inward  to  beyond  reniform  with  slight  outward  tooth 
in  fold  and  then  parallel  to  t.  a.  line  to  inner  margin ;  beyond  the  t.  p.  line 
is  a  pale  shade,  narrower  in  costal  portion,  broad  above  inner  margin  and 
defined  slightly  outwardly  by  a  darker  line;  a  dark  subapica!  shade;  veins 
apically  partially  outlined  in  black;  reniform  narrow,  indistinct,  partially  out- 
lined in  black,  pale  filled ;  terminal  dark  dots  not  reaching  anal  angle ;  fringes 
dusky,  slightly  white-spotted.  Secondaries  hyaline  smoky  with  curved  post- 
median  dark  line,  prominently  dentate  below  costa;  a  triangular  smok>'  shade 
on  outer  margin  between  veins  2  and  4;  terminal  dark  dots  on  veins,  most 
distinct  on  the  dark  patch ;  fringes  smoky,  cut  by  a  pale  median  line.  Beneath 
smoky  with  a  dark  reniform  mark  on  primaries  and  dentate  postmcdian  line 
crossing  both  wings ;  terminal  dark  dots,  most  prominent  on  secondaries.  Ex- 
panse 34  mm. 

Habitat:  La  Puerta  Valley,  S.  Calif.  (March).  2  $,2  9.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

The  large  size  and  long,  narrow  primaries  render  the  species  easily 
distinguishable ;  it  belongs  in  the  itysalis  group. 


163 

Phlyctaenia  berberalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  2). 

Primaries  pale  ochreous  sparsely  dusted  with  fuscous,  maculation  fairly 
distinct;  t.  a.  line  single,  black  with  prominent  tooth  in  the  cell  and  slight 
inward  bend  in  the  submedian  fold ;  orbicular  a  small  round  spot  filled  with 
the  pale  ground  color;  reniform  medium-sized,  lunate,  pale-centered;  four 
or  five  minute  dark  costal  spots  between  reniform  and  apex;  t.  p.  line  single, 
dentate,  with  large  inward  loop  below  the  cell  to  base  of  vein  2,  terminal 
dotted  line;  fringes  pale.  Secondaries  pale  smoky  with  traces  of  discal  dot 
and  bent  postmedian  line  and  distinct  terminal  dotted  line.  Beneath  primaries 
pale  smoky  with  traces  of  the  maculation  of  upper  side  visible,  secondaries 
paler  with  discal  dot  and  postmedian  line  better  defined  than  on  upper  side; 
terminal  dotted  line  on  both  wings.     Expanse  18-22  mm. 

Habitat:  Loma  Linda,  S.  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif.  (May,  June,  Sept.). 
3    5,7    9.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Closely  allied  to  ivashingtonalis  Grt.  but  duller  in  color  and  with- 
out the  brown  patch  above  the  reniform ;  it  is  paler  than  indistinctalis 
Warr.  with  better  defined  maculation.  There  are  apparently  two 
generations,  the  September  specimens  being  much  smaller  than  the 
spring  ones. 

Pyrausta  ochreicostalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIII,  Fig.  8). 

Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  ochreous ;  primaries  ochreous  along  costa  and 
through  the  cell,  remainder  of  wing  deep  blue-gray  caused  by  white  scaling 
over  a  blackish  ground ;  whitish  shading  through  the  submedian  fold  to  t.  p. 
line ;  veins  lined  with  white ;  t.  a.  line  only  marked  by  a  white  dash  on  inner 
margin  preceded  by  a  slight  dark  spot ;  t.  p.  line  far  out,  gently  rounded  from 
costa  to  vein  2  then  curved  strongly  towards  base  of  wing  and  again  straight 
to  inner  margin  near  t.  a.  line,  shaded  outwardly  by  a  white  line  broadest  below 
costa;  a  terminal  white  line  and  slight  dark  dots  at  ends  of  veins;  fringes 
pale  ochreous.  Secondaries  hyaline  whitish  shaded  with  smoky  outwardly,  with 
smoky  postmedian  wavy  line  angled  sharply  at  vein  2  near  outer  margin  and 
not  continued  to  inner  margin ;  terminal  broken  dark  line ;  fringes  pale.  Be- 
neath primaries  pale  smoky  with  t.  p.  line  and  pale  shade  at  costa  more  or 
less  defined ;  secondaries  whitish  with  dark  costal  postmedian  mark.  Expanse 
18  mm. 

Habitat:  Palm  Spgs.,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  (Apr.)  2  $.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  species  is  closely  allied  to  linealis  Fern,  differing  in  the  ochre- 
ous shades  along  costa  and  in  the  cell ;  it  is  not  quite  a  typical  member 
of  the  genus  Pyrausta  as  the  front  is  sloping  and  slightly  raised  above 
the  level  of  the  eyes  terminally  without  forming  the  distinct  conical 
protuberance  of  Loxostegc ;  it  belongs  in  a  group  with  linealis  Fern., 


164 

napaealis  Hist.,  sartoralis  B.  &  McD.,  pilatcalis  B.  &  McD.,  and  pos- 
sibly a  few  other  species  which  for  the  present  we  place  in  Pyrausta 
until  a  satisfactory  revision  of  this  unwieldy  genus  can  be  made. 

Pyrausta  zonalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  10). 

Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  brown,  palpi  beneath,  a  lateral  line  above  each 
eye  and  the  segmental  incisions  white ;  primaries  with  sharply  pointed  apex, 
deep  smoky  brown  with  indistinct  maculation,  reniform  and  orbicular  marked 
by  indistinct  dark  shades ;  t.  p.  line  minutely  waved,  fairly  distinct,  far  out, 
evenly  rounded  from  costa  to  vein  3  where  it  bends  in  and  then  runs  straight 
again  to  inner  margin ;  fringes  pale  smoky,  dotted  near  base  by  prominent  dark 
spots.  Secondaries  dull  smoky  with  traces  of  a  postmedian  line  angled  at 
vein  2  and  fringes  as  on  primaries.  Beneath  light  smoky  with  maculation  of 
upper  side  partially  visible.    Expanse,  15  mm. 

Habitat:  Palm  Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  (March).  1  5,  3  9. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Closely  allied  to  napaealis  Hist,  but  much  smaller,  with  less  dis- 
tinct maculation  and  with  no  white  terminal  shade  on  primaries. 

Pyrausta  pythialis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXHI,  Fig.  7). 

Palpi,  head  and  thorax  ochreous-brown  with  a  slight  pinkish  tinge;  base 
of  palpi  and  line  above  each  eye  white;  abdomen  ochreous  at  base,  other  seg- 
ments smoky,  ringed  with  pale  ochreous ;  primaries  deep  pink  with  a  bright 
yellow  patch  at  base  of  wing  on  inner  margin  extending  from  base  to  t.  a. 
line  which  line  is  fragmentary,  yellow-bordered  and  denticulate ;  orbicular  and 
reniform  obscure,  small,  fuscous  spots;  t.  p.  line  originating  in  a  well  defined 
triangular  costal  patch,  obscure,  yellow,  bent  well  inward  below  cell  and  then 
perpendicular  and  somewhat  waved  to  inner  margin ;  terminal  area  and  fringes 
bright  yellow.  Secondaries  smoky  with  central  portion  of  outer  margin  nar- 
rowly bright  yellow,  the  inner  edge  of  this  area  distinctly  dentate ;  a  faint, 
pale,  straight  s.  t.  line  from  lower  edge  of  this  yellow  area  runs  toward  costa 
but  does  not  reach  beyond  vein  6;  fringes  bright  yellow.  Beneath  primaries 
smoky  with  pale  yellow  costo-apical  triangular  patch,  outer  margin  and  fringes ; 
secondaries  pale  smoky,  darker  in  costal  area  with  dentate  curved  postmedian 
line  and  pale  yellow  outer  margin  and  fringes.     Expanse  17  mm. 

Habitat:  Cartwright,  Man.  (Heath);  Aweme,  Man.  (Criddle)  (June). 
8    S.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

This  species  is  seemingly  related  to  acrionalis  Wlk.  but  has  a 
slightly  more  bulging  front  than  this  species,  somewhat  similar  to  that 
found  in  the  Unealis  group.  We  have  been  unable  to  find  any  name 
to  fit  the  species  and  venture  to  describe  it  as  new ;  if  we  have  over- 
looked an  older  name  no  doubt  some  kind  friend  will  call  our  atten- 
tion to  the  matter. 


165 

Pyrausta  inveterascalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIII,  Fig.  6). 

Very  similar  to  the  preceding  species  but  slightly  smaller,  the  ground 
color  of  primaries  dull  vinous,  the  basal  yellow  shade  lacking,  the  terminal 
yellow  area  confined  to  the  fringes  and  a  narrow  terminal  line  on  the  wing 
itself;  the  yellow  triangular  costal  patch  present  but  duller  in  color;  lines  about 
the  same  in  their  general  course.  Secondaries  smoky,  entirely  without  the  yel- 
low terminal  area  and  with  pale  smoky  fringes;  postmedian  line  similar  to 
that  of  preceding  species  but  rather  better  defined.  Beneath  primaries  deep 
smoky  with  pale  yellow  costo-apical  patch  and  similarly  colored  fringes  which 
show  a  distinct  broken  dark  line  at  base;  secondaries  pale  hyaline,  smoky  out- 
wardly and  along  costa  with  traces  of  a  postmedian  line.     Expanse  15  mm. 

Habitat:     New  Brighton,  Pa.   (June).    2    $.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Besides  the  types  we  have  two  other  worn  specimens  from  the 
same  locaHty,  one  labelled  " angiistalis"  which  is  a  Western  species 
fully  twice  the  size  and  without  the  pale  fringes  of  primaries. 

Pyrausta  tuolumnalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIII,  Fig.  11). 

Base  of  palpi  and  pectus  white;  palpi  and  thorax  mixed  black  and  ochre- 
ous;  abdomen  black  with  white  scaling  and  segmental  incisions  marked  in 
white ;  primaries  dark  blue-gray  suffused  in  basal  and  subterminal  areas  with 
rather  ruddy  brown,  contrasting  considerably  with  the  median  and  terminal 
spaces ;  t.  a.  line  obscure,  dark,  incurved  at  inner  margin ;  orbicular  and  reni- 
form  slight  dark  blotches;  t.  p.  line  single,  dark,  rather  distinct,  rounded  out- 
wardly below  costa  and  bent  strongly  inward  in  submedian  fold,  then  per- 
pendicular to  inner  margin;  space  between  reniform  and  t.  p.  line  filled  by  a 
yellow  patch ;  a  smaller  triangular  yellow  patch  beyond  t.  p.  line  at  costa  which 
is  more  or  less  distinctly  continued  by  a  fine  yellow  line,  bordering  t.  p.  line 
outwardly  to  inner  margin;  fringes  dusky  tipped  with  whitish.  Secondaries 
blackish,  crossed  by  a  broad  postmedian  band  of  pale  creamy  color;  a  dark 
tenninal  line;  fringes  with  basal  half  dusky,  outer  half  white.  Beneath  creamy 
with  the  maculation  distinctly  defined  in  black;  on  primaries  reniform,  orbicular 
and  claviform  are  represented  by  dark  spots,  the  latter  being  an  elongate  dash ; 
t.  p.  line  fine  black,  sinuate ;  a  dark,  subterminal,  somewhat  broken  band,  con- 
tinued across  secondaries  which  show  as  well  a  dark  median  line  and  small  discal 
dot ;  fringes  as  above.     Expanse  IS  mm. 

Habitat:     Tuolumne  Meadows,  Calif.     10    5,   5    9.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  resembles  closely  ochosalis  Dyar  in  type  of  maculation, 
but  should  be  recognized  by  the  cream-colored  band  on  secondaries. 

Pyrausta  merrickalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  9). 

Palpi  brown  laterally,  ochreous  at  base  and  on  upper  surface ;  head  rough 
scaled,  ochreous ;  thorax  and  primaries  deep  brown,  the  lines  on  latter  very 
obscure,  blackish ;  t.  a.  line  outcurved,  t.  p.  line  slightly  irregular  in  upper  half 


166 

and  subparallel  to  outer  margin,  bent  in  strongly  below  cell,  with  slight  traces 
of  ochreous  shading  outwardly  most  marked  at  costa;  orbicular  and  reniform 
obscure  dark  spots,  with  faint  ochreous  dash  between  them ;  secondaries  and 
fringes  deep  smoky.  Beneath  primaries  much  as  above  with  the  ochreous 
costal  spot  distinct ;  secondaries  paler,  with  traces  of  a  bent  postmedial  line 
tinged  outwardly  with  ochreous  and  a  dark  discal  spot.     Expanse  13  mm. 

Habitat:  New  Brighton,  Pa.  (July  9-26)  (F.  Merrick).  5  S-  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  very  closely  related  to  xanthocrypta  Dyar  from  S. 
Calif,  and  Mexico  but  is  smaller  and  much  deeper  in  the  color  of  both 
wings. 

Pyrausta  emigralis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  7). 

Pectus  and  base  of  palpi  whitish  ochreous;  palpi  outwardly  smoky,  upper 
surface  ochreous;  head  ochreous;  thorax  and  wings  deep  black-brown  with 
very  obscure  markings,  the  most  prominent  features  being  an  ochreous  dash 
between  two  dark  shades  representing  the  ordinary  spots  and  a  curved  row 
of  ochreous  dots  delineating  the  t.  p.  line  outwardly  and  strongly  bent  inward 
in  submedian  fold ;  the  t.  a.  and  t,  p.  lines  are  scarcely  visible  as  slightly  darker 
shade-lines.  Secondaries  deep  unicolorous  brown.  Beneath  deep  black  on 
both  wings  with  an  ochreous  dash  on  costa  near  apex.     Expanse  19-20  mm. 

Habitat:     Palmerlee,  Ariz.     5    $,2    5.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Also  a  close  ally  of  xanthocrypta  but  the  dotted  nature  of  the 
ochreous  t.  p.  shading  and  the  almost  unicolorous  dark  under  side 
should  separate  it  easily.  These  three  species,  xanthocrypta  Dyar, 
merrickalis  B.  &  McD.  and  emigralis  B.  &  McD.  form  a  group  that 
we  place  for  the  present  in  the  genus  Pyrausta,  following  Dyar,  but 
which  seems  to  have  no  particular  resemblance  to  any  of  the  other 
N.  American  species  included  in  this  genus. 

We  have  a  species  very  similar  in  general  appearance  to  the 
preceding  group  but  differing  structurally  in  having  a  rudimentary 
proboscis  which  is  entirely  hidden  between  the  palpi ;  for  this  reason 
we  incline  to  place  it  in  Dyar's  new  Schoenobiid  genus  Loxotegopsis 
(Ins.  Ins.  Menst.  V,  84)  with  which  it  agrees  well  structurally;  it 
is  apparently  widely  spread  throughout  the  west,  but  we  can  find  no 
name  applicable,  and  describe  it  as  follows : 

Loxotegopsis  curialis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  8). 

Palpi  brown  laterally,  ochreous  above ;  head  ochreous ;  thorax  and  pri- 
maries deep  brown  with  obscure  maculation;  t.  a.  and  t.  p.  lines  darker,  obscure, 
the    former   bent   outwards,   the   latter  irregular   and   parallel    to   outer   margin 


167 

in  upper  half,  strongly  bent  inward  in  submedian  fold  and  then  perpendicular 
to  inner  margin ;  outwardly  this  line  is  bordered  with  ochreous,  forming  a  more 
or  less  obvious  blotch  on  costa;  orbicular  and  renifomi  obscure,  blackish  with 
an  ochreous  streak  between  them;  fringes  dusky.  Secondaries  pale  smoky 
basally,  darker  terminally  with  indistinct  curved  dark  postmedian  line  and 
large  discal  spot.  Beneath  pale  smoky,  darker  in  the  9  's,  with  the  maculation 
of  upper  side  faintly  repeated  and  the  discal  spots  forming  more  or  less  obvious 
ringlets.     Expanse  20-25  mm. 

Habitat:  Eureka,  Utah  (July)  (Spalding),  type;  Redington,  Ariz.,  Pal- 
merlee,  Ariz.;  Camp  Baldy,  S.  Bern.  Mts.,  Calif.  7  5,  2  9.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  species  is  almost  an  exact  counterpart  of  xantliocrypta  in 
maculation  but  the  palpi  are  somewhat  longer  and  the  proboscis  obso- 
lete; we  cannot  but  feel,  however,  that  there  is  probably  a  close  rela- 
tionship between  the  two  species  and  that  the  present  arrangement 
which  would  place  them  in  different  subfamilies  is  quite  artificial ; 
it  is  very  probable  that  the  conception  of  the  Schoenobiinae  must  be 
somewhat  revised  and  that  it  will  be  impossible  to  place  all  genera 
under  this  group  simply  because  they  show  a  reduced  proboscis. 

NOCTUELIA    RUFOFASCIALIS    Stcph. 

This  name  which  was  proposed  for  fascialis  Haw.  (ncc  Hiibner ) 
(1834,  111.  Brit.  Ent.  Haust.,  IV,  33)  must  supercede  thalialis  Wlk. ; 
the  species  is  figured  by  Wood  (Ind.  Ent.  PI.  27,  Fig.  790)  and  is 
credited  correctly  to  N.  America  by  Stephens  in  his  List  Lep.  Brit. 
Mus.,  1850,  p.  309;  Sir  Geo.  Hampson  tells  us  that  Haworth's  speci- 
men exists  in  the  British  museum  labelled  "fascialis  n.  sp.  I  bought 
this  from  Mr.  Knight  as  British"  and  that  it  is  undoubtedly  the  same 
species  as  thalialis. 

NocTUELiA  MINIMA  Dyar. 

This  species,  described  in  Ins.  Insc.  Menst.,  V,  132,  is,  to  judge 
by  the  description,  the  same  as  Pyrausta  conimortalis  Grt.  (C.  Ent., 
XIII,  232)  ;  the  reference  to  Noctuclia  rather  than  to  Pyrausta  seems 
preferable. 

NOCTUELIA    PALMALIS    Sp.    nOV.       (PI.    XXIII,    Fig.    5). 

Palpi  white  at  base,  gray  laterally;  head  and  thorax  dark  gray  mixed 
with  white  and  ruddy  scaling;  primaries  ruddy  brown  scaled  with  white  at  base 
and  broadly  on  outer  side  of  t.  a.  line  and  inner  side  of  t.  p.  line;  t.  a.  line 
upright,  t.  p.  line  slightly  irregular,  nearly  perpendicular  from  costa  to  vein  5, 


168 

bent  back  at  right  angles  as  far  as  the  cell  and  then  slightly  outwardly  oblique 
to  inner  margin  just  before  anal  angle ;  fringes  smoky.  Secondaries  pale  ruddy, 
deeper  in  9  than  $,  shaded  with  smoky  outwardly  with  traces  of  a  dotted 
s.  t.  line.    Beneath  pale  ruddy  with  dusky  fringes.     Expanse  15-16  mm. 

Habitat:  Palm  Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  (March).  1  5,  2  2. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Allied  to  puertalis  B.  &  McD.  but  ruddier  in  color  with  a  differ- 
ently formed  t.  p.  line. 

NOCTUELIA    VIRULA    sp.    HOV.       (PI.    XXIII,    Fig.   9). 

Palpi  white  below,  brownish  above ;  head  and  thorax  red-brown  with 
white  lines  above  eyes  and  along  margin  of  patagia ;  primaries  olivaceous  brown 
with  a  slight  ruddy  tinge;  a  white  shade  at  base  above  inner  margin;  t.  a.  line 
far  out,  rigidly  inwardly  oblique,  blackish,  bordered  broadly  outwardly  with 
white;  t.  p.  line  black,  starting  from  costa  near  apex,  perpendicular  to  vein 
4,  bent  backward  sharply  to  near  t.  a.  line  and  then  outwardly  oblique  to  anal 
angle,  the  portions  of  the  line  above  and  below  the  prominent  bend  shaded  in- 
wardly with  white;  a  fine  white  terminal  line;  fringes  light  brown  in  basal 
half,  white  outwardly.  Secondaries  in  3  pure  white  with  faint  terminal 
brown  dots,  in  $  with  a  continuous  brown  terminal  line  and  dusky  fringes 
on  both  wings.     Beneath  primaries  smoky,  secondaries  white.     Expanse  12  mm. 

Habitat:  Palm  Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  CaUf.  (March).  3  S,  3  9. 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Closely  allied  to  bnbubattalis  Hist,  but  smaller  and  easily  dis- 
tinguished by  the  white  secondaries. 

CoRNiFRONS  ACTUALis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  18). 

Head  white;  thorax  white  peppered  with  black,  patagia  black-bordered; 
primaries  white  suffused  with  dark  gray  in  lower  half  of  wing  and  subtermin- 
ally;  t.  a.  line  very  oblique,  arising  from  middle  of  costa,  with  prominent  tooth 
in  the  cell  and  a  distinct  tooth  at  inner  margin;  reniform  a  small  obscure  dark 
shade;  t.  p.  line  arising  nearer  apex  than  usual,  angled  outwardly  on  vein  7, 
then  crenulate  and  curving  gently  backward  to  vein  3  where  it  again  juts 
sharply  outward,  forms  two  teeth,  and  curves  back  to  inner  margin;  in  the 
upper  half  of  the  wing  it  is  preceded  by  a  broad  white  area,  and  beyond  it 
except  at  apex  (which  is  white)  the  subterminal  area  is  largely  gray;  terminal 
area  narrowly  white;  dark  terminal  line;  fringes  pale,  smoky  at  tips.  Sec- 
ondaries whitish,  shaded  with  smoky  outwardly  with  traces  in  central  area 
of  a  dark  curved  s.  t.  line  opposite  which  is  a  very  distinct  dark  terminal  line 
which  fades  considerably  toward  apex  and  inner  margin;  fringes  white,  tipped 
with  smoky  opposite  dark  portion  of  terminal  line.  Beneath  primaries  pale 
smoky,  secondaries  white.    Expanse  28  mm. 

Habitat:  S,  Loma  Linda,  S.  Bernardino  Co.,  Calif.  (Mch.)  ;  9,  Palm 
Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.   (Mch.)     1     S,    I     9.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 


169 

The  species  belongs  in  the  same  section  with  phasma  Dyar,  the 
frontal  prominence  being  distinctly  blade-shaped  and  the  corneous 
plate  with  small  lateral  projections.  The  very  oblique  nature  of  the 
t.  a.  line  and  the  point  of  origin  of  the  t.  p.  line  near  apex  are  char- 
acteristic features. 

NYMPHULINAE 
Cataclysta  (Elophila)  fulicalis  Clem. 

In  reading  over  Dr.  Dyar's  recent  Notes  on  N.  Am.  Nymphulidae 
(1917,  Ins.  Ins.  Menstr.  V,  75)  we  noted  that  Dyar's  conceptions  of 
fulicalis  Clem,  and  conftisalis  Wlk.  seemed  to  be  just  the  reverse  of  our 
own  and  a  recent  visit  to  Washington  confirmed  this  opinion ;  the 
series  in  the  museum  under  fulicalis  is  what  we  have  called  confusalis 
Wlk.  based  on  a  specimen  which  we  had  compared  with  the  type  {vide 
Contr.  II,  (5)  p.  215) ;  the  type  of  fulicalis  is  not  labelled  as  such  at 
Philadelphia  but  the  series  under  this  name,  which  very  possibly 
includes  the  type  specimen,  is  certainly  not  fulicalis  of  Dr.  Dyar ; 
Clemens'  description  is  fortunately  very  clear;  he  distinctly  mentions 
the  narrow  dark  line  on  the  secondaries  which  Dr.  Dyar  claims  is 
absent,  and  in  his  description  of  the  primaries  states  that  the  oblique 
ochreous  band  is  margined  along  the  discal  nervure  on  both  sides  with 
fuscous,  no  mention  being  made  of  a  discal  spot ;  there  seems  therefore 
little  doubt  that  fulicalis  Dyar  is  confusalis  Wlk.  and  confusalis  Dyar 
equals  fulicalis  Clem.  Regarding  Lederer's  species  cited  by  Dr.  Dyar 
in  the  synonymy,  we  prefer  to  say  nothing  as  without  a  definite  knowl- 
edge of  the  type  specimens  neither  his  descriptions  nor  his  figures 
can  be  of  much  use;  we  might  note,  however,  that  Lederer  himself 
was  inclined  to  associate  his  opulentalis  with  fulicalis  Clem,  and  not  his 
angulatalis;  if  Dr.  Dyar's  references  are  correct  angulatalis  will  have 
priority  over  confusalis  Wlk.;  the  type  of  angulatalis  is  a  single  S 
from  the  Kaden  Coll.  but  we  have  no  record  as  to  where  this  collection 
now  is;  the  Felder  Coll.  which  should  contain  the  types  of  opulentalis 
is  at  Tring  Museum  but  we  do  not  know  whether  these  particular 
types  still  exist  in  it. 

HyDROPIONEA    FENESTRALIS    B.    &    McD. 

Dr.  Dyar  has  referred  this  species  to  Clupeosoma  but  Sir  Geo. 
Hampson  informs  us  that  the  correct  genus  is  Hydropionea  Hamp. 
(1917,  Am.  Mag.  N.  Hist.  (80)   XX,  p.  275) ;  a  comparison  of  the 


170 

types  has  proved  to  both  Dr.  Dyar  and  ourselves  that  the  species  is 
not  synonymous  with  lavinia  Schaus  as  claimed  by  Dr.  Dyar  (Ins.  Ins. 
Menst.  V,  79). 

Hydropionea  eumoros  Dyar. 

This  species  is  the  same  as  oblcclalis  Hist,  at  present  listed  under 
Loxostege  but  properly  referable  to  the  same  genus  as  fenestralis  B.  & 
McD.     Dyar's  name  becomes  a  synonym. 

CRAMBINAE 

Crambus  oslarellus  Haim. 

It  was  an  error  on  our  part  to  cite  this  species  (Contr.  Ill,  (3) 
191)  as  a  synonym  of  carpenterellus  Pack.  It  is  a  good  species  and 
may  be  distinguished  from  carpenterellus  by  the  less  angled  nature  of 
the  subterminal  white  line  which  is  gently  rounded  opposite  the  cell 
and  not  sharply  angled  as  in  carpenterellus ;  the  white  costal  spot  pre- 
ceding this  line  is  larger  in  carpenterellus  and  the  tooth  on  inner  side 
of  the  white  basal  streak  is  more  prolonged  along  the  vein ;  the  outer 
margin  is  also  slightly  more  bulging;  our  figure  (1.  c.  PI.  XIV,  Fig.  18) 
represents  oslarellus. 

Crambus  bartellus  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  3). 

Palpi  and  head  white,  the  former  brown  laterally;  primaries  white, 
shaded  with  brown;  the  basal  half  of  wing  entirely  white  with  some  slight 
pale  brown  shading  in  the  cell  at  base  and  along  vein  1 ;  a  broad  dentate 
brown  median  band  with  prominent  outward  angles  in  the  cell  and  below 
median  vein  shaded  with  blackish;  outer  half  of  s.  t.  area  brown-shaded;  s.  t. 
line  fine,  brown,  prominently  bent  outward  opposite  cell  and  with  slight  inward 
angle  above  inner  margin,  partially  separated  from  subterminal  brown  shading 
by  a  white  line,  especially  distinct  at  costa ;  terminal  area  white,  with  outward 
brown  shading  cut  by  the  pale  veins;  fringes  brown,  slightly  cut  by  white  and 
with  distinct  white  basal  line;  secondaries  pale  smoky  with  indistinct  dark  s.  t. 
line.  Beneath  pale  smoky,  veins  of  primaries  marked  with  white  terminally, 
secondaries  as  above.    Expanse  22  mm. 

Habitat:  Tuolumne  Meadows,  Calif.  (Aug.).  3  $.  Tv-pes,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

Closely  related  to  oregonicus  Grt.  of  which  it  may  be  merely  a 
race  with  the  white  areas  greatly  extended;  its  white  color  with  con- 
trasting brown  bands  should  make  it  easily  recognizable. 


171 


Crambus  ericellus  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  4). 

$.  Palpi  smoky,  tinged  with  white;  thorax  and  primaries  brown,  the 
latter  faintly  black-sprinkled  and  shaded  with  gray  broadly  along  inner  margin 
and  beyond  cell  (this  shade  being  at  times  very  noticeable,  at  others  more 
or  less  obsolescent)  ;  median  and  subterminal  dark  cross-lines  are  more  or  less 
present  (at  times  very  distinctly),  subparallel,  rounded  strongly  outwardly  below 
costa,  then  inwardly  oblique  and  forming  an  angle  above  submedian  fold ;  above 
inner  angle  three  or  four  terminal  dark  dots;  fringes  gray  with  a  shiny  basal 
line;  secondaries  even  smoky  with  paler  fringes  cut  near  the  base  by  a  darker 
line.     Beneath  unicolorous  smoky.     Expanse  26  mm. 

Habitat:  Tuolumne  Meadows,  Calif.  (July,  Aug.)  15  S.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  species  is  allied  to  undatus  Grt.  in  type  of  maculation  but 
lacks  the  white  streak  through  the  cell  and  the  prominently  metallic 
fringes;  we  have  a  9  from  the  same  locality  which  we  are  inclined 
to  refer  here  which  is  much  smaller,  grayer,  with  more  pointed  apex 
of  primaries  and  without  the  cross-lines. 

Crambus  modestellus  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  5). 

Thorax  and  primaries  light  gray,  under  the  lens  with  a  peculiar  rough 
scaly  appearance;  traces  of  a  white  streak  through  the  cell  most  prominent 
beyond  the  cell  in  subterminal  area;  two  yellowish  brown  cross  lines  medianly 
and  subterminally,  subparallel,  the  inner  bent  sharply  out  below  costa  then 
angled  and  inwardly  oblique  with  a  distinct  sharp  tooth  below  cell ;  the  outer 
gently  bulging  below  costa  and  slightly  crenulate,  bulging  again  above  inner 
margin,  bordered  outwardly  narrowly  with  white;  a  very  fine  dark  terminal 
line;  fringes  gray  slightly  white-shaded  at  base.  Secondaries  smoky  with  paler 
fringes.     Beneath  smoky,  fringes  of  secondaries  white.     Expanse  25  mm. 

Habitat:     Kerrville,  Tex.       2$.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Allied  to  ccelliis  but  larger,  more  even  gray  and  with  the  apex 
of  primaries  less  falcate. 

Crambus  angulatus  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  15). 

Primaries  whitish,  sprinkled  with  light  brown,  at  times  very  heavily ;  a  fine 
dark  brown  line,  starting  just  beyond  middle  of  costa,  projects  very  sharply 
outward,  forming  an  acute  angle  in  the  subterminal  area  and  then  runs  obliquely 
to  middle  of  inner  margin  with  a  slight  tooth  at  lower  angle  of  cell  above  which 
it  is  rather  heavier  than  elsewhere ;  a  brown  s.  t.  line  forming  a  prominent  bulge 
in  upper  half  of  wing  which  nearly  attains  outer  margin,  an  inward  angle  on 
vein  2  and  a  less  prominent  bulge  above  inner  margin  ;  this  line  is  bordered 
outwardly  by  a  fine  white  line  following  which  is  brown  shading,  most  prom- 
inent along  costa  and  in  lower  portion  of  wing ;  a  slight  white  triangular  patch 
on  costa  beyond  s.  t.  line;  outer  margin  slightly  bulging  below  vein  3  with  two 


172 

or  three  black  dots  on  this  section ;  fringes  pale  basally  with  the  portion  opposite 
the  black  dots  shiny;  a  dark  median  line  and  the  extreme  tips  brownish.  Sec- 
ondaries whitish  (at  times  pale  smoky)  with  a  brownish  marginal  line,  diffuse 
at  apex.  Beneath  primaries  pale  brownish,  secondaries  whitish.  Expanse  14-15 
mm. 

Habitat:     San  Diego,  Calif.   (July-Aug.)       7    $.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

We  employ  one  of  W.  D.  Kearfott's  Mss.  names  as  specimens 
have  possibly  been  distributed  under  this  name. 

Thaumatopsis  actuellus  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  6). 

3  antennae  unipectinate.  Primaries  light  brown  with  a  broad  white 
streak  from  base  of  wing  through  the  cell  to  the  outer  margin  above  which 
the  costal  area  is  deep  brown ;  veins  as  well  as  a  streak  through  the  submedian 
fold  outlined  in  dark  brown  partially  covered  with  white  scaling.  Secondaries 
deep  black-brown  with  paler  fringes.     Beneath  smoky.     Expanse  20-25  mm. 

Habitat:  Lakeland,  Fla.  (May);  St.  Petersburg,  Fla.  (Nov.);  Stemper, 
Fla.  (July)  ;  Southern  Pines,  N.  C.  (Aug.).     1    $,3    9.    Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

Very  similar  to  pectinifcr  Zell.  from  Texas  but  in  this  species 
the  white  streak  does  not  extend  beyond  the  cell. 

Platytes  puritellus  Kft.     (syn.  dinephei.alis  Dyar). 

This  species,  of  which  the  two  9  types  are  before  us  (not  $ 
and  9  as  erroneously  listed  in  the  original  description,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.  35,  p.  393)  has  been  redescribed  recently  by  Dr.  Dyar 
(1917,  Ins.  Insc.  Menst.  V,  85)  under  the  name  dinephelalis;  we 
possess  a  $  specimen  which  we  have  compared  with  the  type  in  the 
National  Museum. 

Platytes  damon  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Figs.  13,  14). 

$ .  Antennae  lamellate,  rather  thick  and  strongly  compressed  laterally, 
palpi  long,  porrect,  covered  with  mixed  brown  and  white  hairs ;  thorax  and 
primaries  rather  a  bright  brown,  the  latter  with  the  main  veins  marked  in 
white  and  those  beyond  the  cell  blackish  with  narrow  white  edging  on  both 
sides ;  two  white  streaks  through  the  cell  as  well  as  one  in  the  submedian 
fold  all  partially  black  sprinkled ;  a  more  or  less  complete  submarginal  white 
line  sprinkled  with  black  scales  and  a  prominent  white  line  at  base  of  fringes 
bordered  outwardly  by  a  narrow  brown  line  beyond  which  the  fringes  are  dusky. 
Secondaries  deep  smoky  with  somewhat  paler  fringes  which  show  an  ochreous 
basal  line.  Beneath  light  smoky  with  a  prominent  white  line  at  base  of  fringes. 
Expanse  15-17  mm. 


173 

9 .  Much  paler  than  the  $ ,  almost  yellowish  with  the  white  markings 
on  the  veins  more  extended ;  the  secondaries  are  whitish  with  a  faint  brownish 
border;  fringes  whitish.    Expanse  18-20  mm. 

Habitat:     San  Diego,  Calif.     13    i,   6    2.     Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

The  practical  absence  of  the  proboscis  would  place  the  species 
in  the  Australian  genus  Ubida  Wlk.  according  to  Hampson's  key  but 
we  prefer  for  the  present  to  place  it  in  Playtcs  with  which  it  agrees 
in  all  other  respects.  We  employ  an  Mss.  name  given  by  W.  D.  Kear- 
fott  and  found  on  specimens  in  his  Pyralid  collection  recently  acquired 
by  us ;  the  name  has  never  been  published  but  specimens  may  have 
been  distributed  and  our  use  of  the  same  name  will  obviate  any  change 
in  nomenclature. 

MACROTHECINAE 

Alpheias  transferens  Dyar. 

This  recently  described  species  (Ins.  Ins.  Menstr.  V,  82)  is  the 
one  figured  by  us  in  Contr.  I  (5)  PI.  Ill,  Figs.  10,  13,  under  the 
erroneous  name  of  ponda  Dyar;  it  is  not  vicarilis  Dyar  as  Dr.  Dyar 
suggested  (Ins.  Ins.  Menstr.  I,  22)  which  species  is  probably  a  syn- 
onym of  baccalis  Rag.  according  to  our  notes  on  the  type  in  Paris. 

The  following  two  species  appear  to  be  new. 

Macrotheca  bilinealis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  11). 

Thorax  and  primaries  even  gray,  the  latter  crossed  by  two  black  distinct 
lines,  the  inner  about  the  middle  of  wing,  almost  rigidly  perpendicular  to  inner 
margin  with  ver>'  slight  angle  below  the  cell,  the  outer  near  margin  of  wing, 
oblique,  subparallel  to  outer  margin ;  faint  dark  fringe  dots  and  a  minute  obsolete 
discal  dot.     Secondaries  pale  smoky.     Expanse  18  mm. 

Habitat:  Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz.  (June)  2  $.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

Macrotheca  angulalis  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  12). 

Primaries  gray,  heavily  suffused  with  black,  especially  in  median  area  and 
shaded  broadly  but  faintly  with  ochreous  along  inner  margin ;  two  heavy  black 
cross-lines,  the  inner  forming  a  very  prominent  outward  angle  in  the  cell  and 
bordered  inwardly  with  a  fine  white  line;  the  outer  slightly  irregular,  sub- 
parallel  to  outer  margin ;  a  dark  discal  streak  and  a  black,  somewhat  inter- 
rupted terminal  line;  secondaries  pale  smoky.  The  5  is  more  obscured  with 
smoky  with  less  distinct  maculation.     Expanse  19  mm. 

Habitat:  $  Tehachapi.  Kern  Co.,  Calif ;  9  Camp  Baldy,  S.  Bern.  Mts., 
Calif.    1    S,   I    9 .     Types,  Coll.  Barties. 


174 
PHYCITINAE 

MiNEOLA    CALIGINELLA    Hlst. 

The  so-called  type  in  Rutgers  College  Coll.  is  labelled  "California" 
and  is  probably  spurious ;  there  is  however  a  9  from  Arizona  in  the 
series  with  Hulst's  label  caliginella  and  this  is  so  close  to  a  San  Diego 
specimen  of  caliginoidella  Dyar  that  we  should  hesitate  to  separate 
the  two;  both  Ragonot  and  Hulst  in  their  revisions  list  comptella 
Rag.  from  Calif,  as  a  synonym,  the  former  mentioning  the  fact  that 
the  $  (presumably  of  comptella)  shows  a  strong  tooth  at  the  base 
of  the  antenna ;  this  of  course  separates  the  species  structurally  from 
caliginoidella  Dyar  which  is  without  a  tooth ;  if  we  regard  this  Arizona 
V  as  the  true  type  it  remains  to  be  seen  whether  comptella  is  really 
a  synonym  of  caliginella  or  whether  we  have  two  species  represented, 
with  the  possibility  of  caliginoidella  being  a  synonym  of  Hulst's  species. 
Until  Ragonot's  type  has  been  carefully  examined  and  a  series  of  both 
sexes  of  caliginella  from  Arizona  has  been  obtained  we  must  leave 
the  matter  in  abeyance. 

PiNIPESTIS   ALBOVITELLA    Hlst. 

The  type  locality  given  in  the  original  description  is  Hot  Springs, 
N.  Mex.  (Aug.),  but  the  type  in  the  Hulst  Coll.  bears  the  label  "Colo. 
(Bruce)";  it  agrees  well  with  Hampson's  figure  in  Ragonot's  Mono- 
graph (PI.  50,  Fig.  3)  and  also  with  the  description,  so  we  suppose  it 
is  another  case  of  careless  labelling  and  that  the  specimen  may  be 
accepted  as  the  original  type. 

Tacoma  texanella  Hlst. 

We  have  already  noted  (Contr.  HI,  (3)  193)  that  the  type  of 
this  species  and  that  of  dulciella  Hlst.  showed  great  similarity ;  a  fur- 
ther examination  leads  us  to  the  belief  that  the  two  names  refer  to  but 
one  species,  texanella  having  priority. 

HOMOEOSOMA  impressale  Hlst. 

Attention  has  already  been  called  (Contr.  HI  (3)  200)  to  the 
mix-up  in  the  types  of  this  species ;  the  true  type  from  Nevada  is 
probably  a  specimen  in  the  Hulst  collection  labelled  uncanalis;  it 
agrees  in  markings  and  locality  label  with  the  original  description 
and  is  the  species  figured  by  Ragonot  as  uncanale  on  PI.  XXXHI, 
Fig.  18,  of  his  Monograph ;  of  course  it  cannot  possibly  be  imcanale, 


175 

which  is  a  dull  gray  species  allied  to  clongelluin  Dyar;  the  type  of 
uncanah-  is  presumably  a    2    in  the  Hulst  Coll.  from  Custer  Co.,  Colo. 

Tlascala  oregonella  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  16). 

Very  similar  to  umhripcnnis  Hist,  from  Colorado  but  duller  in  color  with- 
out the  shiny  appearance  and  with  the  secondaries  of  a  paler  smokier  shade 
without  the  brown  tints  of  Hulst's  species;  primaries  with  the  basal  area  con- 
siderably gray-sprinkled ;  t.  p.  line  distinct,  gray,  bent  abruptly  outward  at  vein 
5 ;  terminal  space  gray  shaded.  Beneath  primaries  dull  smoky  with  traces 
of  a  pale  costo-apical  spot  bordered  by  black;  secondaries  pale  smoky  with 
darker  costa ;  distinct  pale  basal  fringe  line.     Expanse  27  mm. 

Habitat:  Crater  Lake,  Oregon  (July  16-23)  (McDunnough).  2  ,J ,  2  9 . 
Types,  Coll.  Barnes. 

This  may  simply  be  a  race  of  timbripcnnis  but  the  above  mentioned 
points  of  distinction  seem  constant  enough  to  warrant  a  name;  the 
species  was  taken  among  some  low  scrub  pines  at  an  altitude  of  over 
8000  ft.  and  probably  is  a  pine  feeder. 

Melitara  parabates  Dyar.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  21). 

This  species  (Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XLIV,  322)  must  be  added  to 
our  lists;  we  have  a  long  series  from  various  Arizona  localities;  it  is 
allied  to  dentata  Grt.  but  is  narrower  winged,  grayer  and  has  a  shorter 
tooth  in  the  t.  p.  line  opposite  cell. 

Olyca  ponderosella  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXII,  Fig.  22). 

$  antennae  ciliate ;  palpi  largely  blackish,  sprinkled  with  white  especially 
at  base;  basal  tuft  black  with  white  sprinkles;  front  largely  whitish;  thorax 
deep  gray  sprinkled  with  whitish ;  primaries  deep  gray  with  heavy  white 
sprinkling ;  the  cross  lines  obscure  in  S ,  better  defined  in  9  ;  t.  a.  line  up- 
right, dentate,  with  prominent  tooth  below  cell,  t.  p.  line  obsolete  at  costa,  very 
oblique  inwardly  in  lower  portion,  approximate  to  t.  a.  line  on  inner  margin 
where  the  two  lines  are  obscured  by  a  diffuse  dark  shade ;  a  black  basal  streak 
extending  along  the  fold  to  margin,  usually  broken  in  median  area,  a  heavy 
black  streak  in  outer  half  of  cell  and  all  veins  beyond  cell  distinctly  lined 
with  black,  the  heavy  streak  of  cell  being  continued  more  faintly  above  vein 
S  by  a  streak  similar  to  those  on  the  veins.  Secondaries  hyaline  white,  slightly 
smoky  outwardly  in    2 .     Expanse  37-42  ram. 

Habitat:  Palm  Spgs.,  Riverside  Co.,  Calif.  (Apr.).  5  $,  3  9.  Types, 
Coll.  Barnes. 

The  species  is  superficially  similar  to  Cactobrosis  strigalis  B.  & 
McD.  but  is  heavier  and  less  smooth  in  maculation ;  the  distinct  tufting 
at  base  of  palpi  and  on  3rd  joint  separate  it  generically  from  this 
species. 


176 

ANERASTIINAE 

Altoona  ardiferella  Hist. 

There  appears  to  be  an  unfortunate  niix-up  in  the  types  of  the 
species;  the  species  was  described  as  Altoona  ardiferella  (Ent.  Am. 
IV,  118)  from  material  from  Texas  (no  further  data  given)  ;  Ragonot 
in  his  List  of  N.  Am.  Phycids  (Ent.  Am.  V,  116)  transfers  it  to 
Zophodia;  Hulst  in  his  revision  (Tr.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  XVII,  208)  again 
places  it  in  Altoona,  listing  it  from  Texas  and  N.  Mex.  and  disagreeing 
with  Ragonot  on  the  ground  that  the  species  shows  an  "entire  absence 
of  tongue";  Ragonot  in  his  Monograph  figures  the  species  (PI.  XXIV, 
Fig.  14)  placing  it  in  Tolima  in  an  addenda  to  Vol.  II.  In  Dyar's 
Catalogue  Hulst  places  the  species  in  Saluria  giving  its  distribution 
as  Texas,  Colo.,  N.  Mex.,  Cal.;  Dyar  (Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  VI,  159) 
makes  nigromaculcUa  Hist,  a  synonym  and  places  it  in  the  genus 
Pectinigeria  Rag. 

In  the  Hulst  collection  the  so-called  type  of  ardiferella  is  labelled 
Colo.  (July)  and  is  probably  spurious  as  it  does  not  agree  well  with 
the  description ;  the  only  Texas  specimen  is  in  a  small  series  imder 
the  label  nigroniaculella  and  is  a  specimen  of  Zophodia  dilatifasciella 
Rag. ;  the  description  fits  this  specimen  rather  better  than  it  does  the 
Colorado  "type",  especially  the  statement  regarding  the  presence  of  a 
basal  dash,  but  in  view  of  Hulst's  definite  remark  that  the  tongue  is 
entirely  lacking  we  hardly  thing  it  wise  to  accept  this  as  type.  Rag- 
onot's  figure  seems  quite  accurate  but  we  doubt  if  this  equals  nigro- 
maculcUa Hulst ;  it  is  possible  that  the  true  type  was  lent  Ragonot 
to  figure  and  never  returned,  but  until  the  Ragonot  collection  can  be 
carefully  examined  we  imagine  the  identity  of  ardiferella  will  remain 
doubtful;  in  any  case  it  seems  hardly  wise  to  accept  any  specimen  in 
the  Hulst  Coll.  as  type ;  for  the  present  we  believe  that  Ragonot's 
figure  must  be  considered  as  typical.  On  the  strength  of  a  very  similar 
species  of  which  both  sexes  are  before  us  and  which  Dr.  Dyar  has 
been  calling  ardiferella  Hist,  we  believe  that  this  group  will  fall  into 
the  genus  Parramatta  Hamp.  (1901,  Rag.  Mon.  Phyc,  II,  366).  The 
S  's  are  without  any  antennal  tuft  and  vein  10  of  primaries  is  widely 
separated  from  8  and  9.    Our  new  species  we  describe  as  follows : 


177 

Parramatta  placidella  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XXIV,  Fig.  17). 

$  antennae  untufted,  ciliate;  palpi  long,  porrect,  blackish  laterally,  mixed 
dorsally  with  white  scales;  thorax  largely  whitish  with  faint  ochreous  tint; 
primaries  whitish,  lightly  sprinkled  with  black  atoms ;  a  faint  black  dash  at 
base  below  which  is  an  orange  ochreous  patch  on  inner  margin  extending 
nearly  to  t.  a.  line  and  continued  beyond  the  t.  a.  line  as  a  broad  band  which 
at  times  extends  across  the  entire  median  space  but  is  generally  confined  to 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  t.  a.  line;  this  line  white,  rounded  outwardly, 
not  distinct  at  costa  where  it  merges  into  the  ground  color,  followed  by  a 
distinct  triangular  black  spot  in  the  cell  which  does  not  touch  costa  but  is  at 
times  connected  with  it  by  a  fine  black  line  bordering  the  t.  a.  line;  this  cellular 
black  patch  rests  on  the  ochreous  shade  already  mentioned ;  preceding  the  t.  a. 
line  on  inner  margin  is  a  slight  intensification  of  the  black  sprinkling  forming 
a  darker  shade  but  no  distinct  spot ;  discal  spots  black,  superimposed  but  the 
upper  one  generally  obsolete ;  t.  p.  line  white,  bordered  inwardly  with  black 
and  followed  outwardly  by  slight  black  shading,  arising  from  center  of  an 
oblique  black  patch  on  costa,  bulged  outwardly  opposite  the  discal  spot  and 
with  small  inward  angle  in  the  fold ;  an  incomplete  terminal  dotted  line ;  fringes 
pale  inwardly,  smoky  outwardly.  Secondaries  whitish,  in  2  tinged  with 
smoky.  Beneath  primaries  smoky  with  whitish  apical  patch  preceded  by  a 
dark  streak;  secondaries  as  above.     Expanse  19  mm. 

H.\BITAT:  Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif.  (June).  1  5,4  9.  Types,  Coll. 
Barnes. 

The  species  is  much  paler  than  ardifcrella,  especially  in  the  median 
area;  we  have  several  specimens  from  Stockton,  Utah,  one  of  which 
has  been  labelled  "ardifcrella"  by  Dr.  Dyar. 


178 


AEGERIIDAE 

Gaea  palmi  Beut.     (PL  XX,  Figs.  13,  15). 

This  species  was  described  in  the  genus  Scsia  (Synanthedon) 
ostensibly  from  two  $  's  (Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  I,  126)  ;  the  receipt 
recently  of  a  series  of  both  sexes  from  Kingman,  Arizona,  some  of 
which  were  taken  in  copula,  shows  that  Beutenmuller  had  mistaken  the 
sex  and  that  the  types  were  two  9  's.  The  color  of  fresh  S  's  is 
glossy  blue-black,  the  brown  color  mentioned  in  the  description  being 
due  to  the  f)oor  condition  of  the  types,  one  of  which  is  before  us. 
The  S  is  totally  different,  displaying  a  remarkable  sex  dimorphism, 
in  view  of  which  fact  we  believe  that  the  following  description  of 
this  sex  may  be  of  value : 

i  .  Antennae  strongly  serrate  and  fasciculate ;  palpi  rather  long,  slightly 
upturned,  3rd  joint  porrect,  long,  pointed;  pectus  and  under  side  of  palpi  white, 
3rd  joint  fuscous;  head  mixed  black  and  ochreous;  thorax  black  with  a  cen- 
tral and  two  lateral  pale  ochreous  stripes;  abdomen  grayish-ochreous,  anal  tuft 
blackish  edged  laterally  with  ochreous;  legs  pale  smoky  ochreous,  coxae  black- 
ish ;  wings  opaque,  primaries  smoky  with  an  orange  tinge,  a  heavy  black  discal 
dot  followed  by  a  small  orange  spot  and  sometimes  preceded  by  a  dash  of  the 
same  color;  fringes  dusky;  secondaries  bright  orange  at  the  base,  shaded  broadly 
with  smoky  outwardly ;  a  small  discal  dot ;  fringes  dusky  with  a  faint  pale  basal 
line.    Beneath  much  as  above  but  primaries  showing  rather  more  orange  shading. 

As  veins  3  and  4  of  the  secondaries  are  connate  we  believe  the 
species  should  be  removed  from  Synanthedon  and  placed  in  the  genus 
Gaea;  a  proboscis  is  present  but  apparently  rather  reduced  and  gen- 
erally hidden  by  the  palpi ;  the  species  was  collected  during  the  early 
part  of  October. 


179 


COSSIDAE 

Genus  Heterocoma  gen.  nov.   (type  H.  albistriga  sp.  nov.). 

Palpi  minute,  upturned,  hairy;  $  antennae  bipectinate,  9  serrate;  thorax 
and  abdomen  clothed  with  long  hair;  proboscis  absent;  hind-tibiae  with  two 
pairs  of  well-developed  spurs ;  venation  much  as  in  Comadia  but  without  the 
cellula  inirusa  on  both  wings;  veins  6  and  7  of  secondaries  well  stalked. 

H.  ALBISTRIGA  sp.  nov.     (PI.  XX,  Figs.  16,  17). 

Thorax  light  silvery  gray,  mesothorax  crossed  by  a  curved  black  line  and 
tipped  posteriorly  with  black;  abdomen  smoky,  paler  laterally  and  on  anal  seg- 
ment; primaries  light  gray,  non-striate,  costa  white  with  numerous  small  dark 
strigae;  vein  1  streaked  with  white  to  subterminal  area;  an  outwardly  oblique 
white  streak  at  end  of  cell  extending  a  short  distance  along  vein  3 ;  a  faint  white 
incomplete  s.  t.  line  parallel  to  outer  margin ;  near  base  of  wing  between  cubital 
vein  and  vein  1  two  short  ochreous  upright  dashes;  an  incomplete  and  indis- 
tinct ochreous  band  at  end  of  cell  crossing  the  white  streak  and  ending  at 
vein  1 ;  fringes  concolorous,  paler  outwardly.  Secondaries  deep  smoky.  Be- 
neath smoky,  costa  paler  with  dark  dashes;   fringes  whitish  outwardly. 

5 .     Generally  whitish  with  obsolescent  maculation.    Expanse  30  mm. 
Habitat  :     Paradise,    Cochise    Co.,    Arizona.     2     $      1      $ .     Types,    Coll. 
Barnes. 


180 


PLATE  XI 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig.. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

15. 

Fig. 

16. 

Fig. 

17. 

Fig. 

18. 

Eiiphydryas  magdalena  B.  &  McD. 
Euphydryas  magdalena  B.  &  McD. 
Euphydryas  magdalena  B.  &  McD. 
Euphydryas  magdalena  B.  &  McD. 
Brenthis  helena  ingens  B.  &  McD. 

Brenthis  helena  ingens  B.  &  McD. 


T>'pe,     S       White  Mts.,  Ariz. 
$       White  Mts.,  Ariz. 
S       White   Mts.,   Ariz. 
Paratype,    9       White  Mts.,  Ariz. 
Type,   $         Yellowstone  Pk., 
Wyo. 
Paratype,     $       Yellowstone   Pk., 
Wyo. 
Brenthis  helena  Edw.       $       Silverton,  Colo. 
Melitaea  hoffmani  segregata  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    $      Crater  Lake, 

Ore. 
Melitaea  hoffmani  segregata  B.  &  McD.       Type,     9        Crater    Lake, 

Ore. 
Melitaea  hoffmani  segregata  B.  &  McD.       $       Crater  Lake,   Ore. 
Melitaea  hoffmani  Behr       $       Nevada  Co.,  CaHf. 
Nevada  Co.,  Calif. 
Glenwood    Spgs.,    Colo. 
Paratype,     $       Colo.    (Bruce). 
Paratype,     $       Colorado. 
Type.    $       Hall  Valley,  Colo. 
Paratype,    S       Hall  Valley,  Colo. 


Melitaea  hoffmani  Behr       9 

Melitaea  acastus  Edw.       S 

Melitaea  flavula  B.  &  McD. 

Melitaea  flavula  B.  &  McD. 

Oeneis  lucilla  B.  &  McD 

Oeneis  lucilla  B.  &  McD 

Oeneis  lucilla  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    9       Hall  Valley,  Colo. 


Pr.ATK    XI 


f^* 


'1 


182 


PLATE  XII 


Fig.     1.    Apodcmia  monno  dcserti  B.  &  McD.     Type,    S 
2.    Apodemia  mormo  deserii  B.  &  McD.    Type,    9 


Fig, 

Fig, 
Fig 
Fig 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig 
Fig. 
Fig, 
Fig, 
Fig, 
Fig 
Fig, 


La  Puerta  Valley, 
Calif. 

La  Puerta,  Valley, 
Calif. 


Apodcmia 
Apodcmia 
Calcphclis 
Calcphelis 
Calephelis 
Calcphelis 
Calephelis 
Calcphelis 
Calephelis 
Calcphelis 
Calephelis 
Apodemia 


mormo  Feld.  $  Eureka,  Utah. 
mormo  Feld.  5  Eureka,  Utah. 
pcrdilalis  B.  &  McD.     Type,    S       San  Benito,  Texas. 

Paratype,    $       San  Benito,  Texas. 
Type,    9        San  Benito,  Texas. 
San  Benito,  Texas. 
Brownsville,  Texas, 
San  Benito,  Texas. 
$        Fort  Myers,  Fla. 
9       Vicksburg,  Miss. 
9        Fort  Myers,  Fla. 
9        San  Benito,  Texas. 


pcrditalis  B.  &  McD, 
perditalis  B.  &  McD, 
nemesis  Edw.       $ 
nemesis  Edw.       9 
nemesis  Edw.       9 
virginiensis  Gray 
virginicHsis  Gray 
virginiensis  Gray 
multiplaga  Schaus 


Plate  XII 


184 


PLATE  XIII 

Fig.  1.  Hemileuca  elect ra  clio  B.  &  McD.  Type,  S  Kingman,  Ariz. 
Fig.  2.  Hemileuca  electro  clio  B.  &  McD.  Type,  ?  Kingman,  Ariz. 
Fig.    3.     Aparxtesis  ornata  hczvletti  B.  &  McD.       Type,    9       Nellie,    S.    Diego, 

Co.,  Calif. 
Fig.    4.    Apaniesis  ornata  hewletti  B.  &  McD.       Type,    9       Nellie,    S.    Diego 

Co.,  Calif. 
Fig.     5.    Arachnis  picta  verna  B.  &  McD.     Type,   $       Tulare  Co.,  Calif. 
Fig.    6.    Arachnis  picta  verna  B.  &  McD.     Type,   9       Tulare  Co.,  Calif. 
Fig.     7.     Arachnis  picta  maia  Ottol.        $       Colo.   (Bruce). 
Fig.    8.    Arachnis  picta  tnaia  Ottol.       9       Salida,  Colo. 


Plate  XIII 


■>  5" 


^^ 


0^  ''^^I^ 


^^^ 


186 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

15. 

Fig. 

16. 

Fig. 

17. 

PLATE  XIV 

Diacrisia  vagans  Bdv.       3       Stanilaus  Co.,  Calif. 

Diacrisia  vagans  proha  Hy.  Edw.       $       Truckee,  Calif. 

Diacrisia  vagans  Bdv.       9       California. 

mice  unifascia  G.  &  R.       V       Kerrville,  Texas. 

mice  unifascia  ruptifascia  B.  &  McD.       Paratype,   $         Brownsville, 

Texas. 
mice  libcromactila  Dyar       S        San  Diego,  Calif. 
mice  pcrrosca  Dyar       S        San  Diego,  Calif. 
mice  angelus  Dyar       S        Babaquivera  Mts.,  Ariz. 
mice  libcrumactila   i.   basijuncta  B.  &  McD.         Paratype,     $  San 

Diego,  Calif. 
mice  barnesi  Dyar       S       Gltnwood  Spgs.,  Colo. 
mice  picta  B.  &  McD.     Type,    5       Texas. 
mice  dorsiinacula  Dyar       <5        San  Diego,  Calif. 
Eubaphe  fragiUs  Stkr.       $        So.  Utah. 

Eubaphe  costata  pallipennis  B.  &  McD.       $       Glenwood  Spgs.,  Colo. 
Diacrisia  ptcridis  Hy.  Edw.       S       Wellington,  B.  C. 
Diacrisia  ptcridis  Hy.  Edw.       S       Duncans,  Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 
Diacrisia  vagans  proba  Hy.  Edw.       9       Plumas  Co.,  Calif. 


Tr.ATE  XI\' 


188 


PLATE  XV 

Fig.     1.    Euxoa  cinnabarina   B.  &  McD.       Paratype,   S  Monachee   Mdws., 

Calif. 
Protagrotis  extcnsa  Sm.       $       Colo.  (Bruce). 

Nephelodes  deniaculata  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,   $       Plumas  Co.,  Calif. 
Agrolis  fortiter  B.  &  McD.    Type,    9       Stockton,  Utah. 
Polia   hanhami  scmicarnea   B   &   McD.     Type,   $       Camp   Baldy,    S. 

Bern.  Mts.,  Calif. 
Polia  hanhami  B.  &  McD.       $       Duncans,  Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 
Homoglaea  variegata  B.  &  McD.    Type,   $       Palmerlee,  Ariz. 
Trachea  susqucsa  Sm.        $        San  Diego,  Calif. 
Trachea  monica  B.  &  McD.     Type,   3       Redington,  Ariz. 
Rcnia  nemoralis  B.  &  McD.    Type,   S       Long   Is.,    N.   Y. 
Renia  nemoralis  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    9       No  locality. 
Namangana  viridesccns  B.  &  McD.     Type,   S       Chiricahua  Mts.,  Ariz. 
Caenurgia  triangula  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    $       Redington,  Ariz. 
Cacnurgia  intercalaris  Grt.        $        Paradise,  Ariz. 
Caenurgia  diagonalis   Dyar       9        Redington,  Ariz. 
Conistra  graefiana  Grt.       9       Concord,  Mass. 
Conistra  indirecta  Wlk.        9       Canada. 


Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7 

Fig. 

8 

Fig. 

9 

Fig. 

10 

Fig. 

11 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14 

Fig. 

15 

Fig. 

16 

Fig. 

17. 

Plate  X\' 


190 


PLATE  XVI 

Fig.     1.     Polia  subjuncta  elcanora  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,   9       Nellie,  S.  Diego 

Co.,  Calif. 
Polia  pulverulenta  Sm.       5       Ketchikan,  Alaska. 
Polia  pulverulenta  Sm.       $       Ketchikan,  Alaska. 
Epia  ainabitis  B.  &  McD.     Type,   2       Loma  Linda,  Calif. 
Copicucultia  basipuncta  B.  &  McD.    Type,   $       Palm  Spgs.,  Calif. 
Merolonchc  dolli  B.  &  McD.     Type,    S       Central  Park,  L.  I. 
Trachea  scrnila  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,   S       Palm  Spgs.,  Calif. 
Stilbia  apposita  B.  &  McD.     Type,    2        Prescott,  Ariz. 
Scotogramma  fulgora  B.  &  McD.     Type,   $     Olancha,  Inyo  Co.,  Calif. 
Xylomyges  cognata  Sm.       $       Victoria,  B.  C. 

Xylomyges  cognata  minorata  B.  &  McD.    Type,   S       Eldridge,   Son- 
oma Co.,  Calif. 
Xylomyges  fcbrualis  B.  &  McD.     T)!)^    $        Sonoma  Co.,  Calif. 
Pseudacontia  modestella  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    9     Camp  Baldy,  Calif. 
Pseudacontia  groteana  Dyar       9       Paradise,  Ariz. 


Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

'latic  X\'I 


192 


PLATE  XVII 

Doryodcs  histrialis  grandipennis  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    S 

Doryodcs  histrialis  grandipennis  B.  &  McD.        Ty-pe,    5  Anglesea, 

N.  J. 
Oncocncmis  primula  B.  &  McD.     Type,    5        Palm  Spgs.,  Calif. 
Doryodcs  histrialis  Geyer       $       Dade  City,  Fla. 
Doryodcs  histrialis  Geyer       9       Ft.   Myers,  Fla. 
Cirphis  incognita  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    $       Brownsville,  Tex. 
Doryodcs  spadaria  Gn.       S        Everglade,  Fla. 
Doryodcs  spadaria  Gn.        9        Everglade,  Fla. 
Cirphis  incognita  B.  &  McD.     Paratype.    5       Brownsville,  Tex. 
Doryodcs  tcnuistriga  B.  &  McD.     Type,    3        San  Benito,  Tex. 
Doryodcs  tcnuistriga  B.  &  McD.     Type,    9       Brownsville,  Tex. 
Hoplotarache   albiocula   B.    &   McD.    Type,   9       Olancha,    Inyo    Co., 

Calif. 
Lcucocncmis  variabilis  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    $       Olancha,  Calif. 
Lcucocncmis  variabilis  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    9        Olancha,  Calif. 
HemigrotcUa  argcnteostriata  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    $       Palm   Spgs., 

Calif. 
Grotella  spaldingi  B.  &  McD.       9       Palm   Spgs.,   Calif. 
Chamyris  sirius  B.  &  McD.     Type,    5        Kerrville,  Tex. 
Acopa   histrigata   B.  &   McD.     Type,    5        Paradise,   Ariz. 
Tarach-e  cora  B.  &  McD     Type,    $        Babaqiiivera    Mts.,    Ariz. 
Fig.  20.     Tarachc  cora  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,   9       Paradise,   Ariz. 


Fig. 
Fig. 

1. 
2 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

15. 

Fig. 

16. 

Fig. 

17. 

Fig. 

18. 

Fig. 

19. 

Plate  XVII 


194 


Fig. 

1 

Fig. 

2 

Fig. 

3 

Fig. 

4 

Fig. 

5 

Fig. 

6 

Fig. 

7 

Fig. 

8 

Fig. 

9 

Fig. 

10 

Fig. 

11 

Fig. 

12 

Fig. 

13 

Fig. 

14 

Fig. 

15 

PLATE   XVIII 

Myctcrophora  ruhricans  B.  &  McD.     Paratypc,    $       Monachee  Mdws., 

Calif. 

Myctcrophora  rubricans  B.  &  McD.     Parat.vpe,    2       Monachee  Mdws., 

Calif. 

Lithacodia   indctcnninata    B.    &    McD.     Type,    9       Winnfield,    La. 

Crypliia  nana  Hbn.       9       S.  Pines.  N.  C. 

Ocarba  nebula  B.  &  McD.     Type,    $       Winnfield,  La. 

Parahypcnodcs  quadralis  B.  &  McD.     Type,    $       St.  Johns  Co.,  Que. 

Protocryphia  sccta  Grt.       9       Decatur,  111. 

Cryphia  pcrvcrtcHs  B.   &  McD.     Type,    9        New   Brighton,   Pa. 

Cryphia  villificans  B.  &  McD.     T>-pe,    9        New  Brighton,  Pa. 

Camptylochila  rotundalis  Wlk.       $       Chicago,   111. 

Cainptylochila  forbesi   Frch.        $       New   Brighton,    Pa. 

Camptylochila  diminucndis  B.  &   McD.        $       New   Brighton,   Pa. 

Camptylochila  julia  B.  &  McD.        $       New  Brighton,  Pa. 

Schinia  tcrrifica  B.  &  McD.     Type,    $       Colorado   (Oslar). 

Schinia  gloriosa  Stkr.    Type,    9       San  Antonio,  Tex. 


Plate  X\'II1 


If- 


196 


Fig. 
Fig, 


Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

PLATE  XIX 

Drasieria  graphka  atlantica  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    $       Rock  Beach, 

L.  I. 

Drasteria  graphica  atlantica  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    ?        Rock  Beach, 

L.  I. 

Drasteria  occulta  Hy.   Edw.       5       Lakehurst,   N.  J. 

Syneda  pulchra  B.  &  McD.    Type,   S       Palm  Spgs.,  Calif. 

Syneda  tejonica  Behr       $       Loma  Linda,  Calif. 

Syneda  tejonica  Behr       $       Loma  Linda,  Calif. 

Syneda  hudsonica  G.  &  R.       $       Field,  B.  C. 

Syneda  hudsonica  G.  &  R.       9       Glacier  Park,  Mont. 

Syneda  hudsonica  heathi  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    9       Cartwright,  Man. 

Syneda  hudsonica  heathi  B.  &  McD.     Type,    S       Cartwright,  Man. 

Annaphila  astrologa  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    9       Arizona. 

Syneda  abrtipta  B.  &  McD.     Type,    S       Palmerlee,  Ariz, 

Annaphila  divinula  Grt.        9        San  Diego,  Calif. 

Syneda  abrupta  B.  &  McD.     Type,    9       Jemez   Spgs.,  N.  M. 


Tl.ATE    XIX 


198 


PLATE  XX 

Fig.     1.  Plataca  trilinearia  astrigaria  B.  &  McD.     Type,    $       Olancha,  Calif. 

Fig.     2.  Philtraea  clegantaria    Hy.  Edw.       S       Babaquivera   Mts.,   Ariz. 

Fig.    3.  Philtraea  clegantaria   paticimacula    B.    &    McD.     Paratype,    9        San 

Benito,  Tex. 

Fig.    4.  Goiwdontis  (?)  simplicitis  B.SiMcD.    Paratype,   $       Olancha,    Calif. 

Fig.     5.  Gonodontis  (?)  simplicius  B.  &McD.    Type,   9       Olancha,  Calif. 

Fig.    6.  Cleora  dionaria  B.  &  McD.     Type,   $       Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

Fig.     7.  Olene  willingi  B.  &  McD.       $       Sebec  Lake,  Me. 

Fig.    8.  Olene  vagans  B.  &  McD.       $       Sebec  Lake,  Me. 

Fig.    9.  Olene  vagans  B.  &  McD.       9       Sebec  Lake,  Me. 

Fig.  10.  Tolype  lowriei  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    3       Santa  Cniz  Mts.,  Calif. 

Fig.  11.  Tolype  lowriei  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    9       Santa  Cruz  Mts.,  Calif. 

Fig.  12.  Megalopyge  lapcna  heteropuncta  B.  &  McD.       Type,   $       Chiricahua 

Mts.,  Ariz. 

Fig.  13.  Gaea  palmi  Beut.       $       Kingman  Ariz. 

Fig.  14.  Heterocampa  cuhana  Grt.       5       Venice,  Fla. 

Fig.  15.  Gaea  palmi  Beut.        9        Kingman,  Ariz. 

Fig.  15.  Heterocoma  aJbistriga  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    $       Paradise,  Ariz. 

Fig.  17.  Heterocoma  albistriga  B.  &  McD.    Type,   9       Paradise,  Ariz. 


Plate  XX 


200 


PLATE  XXI 


Fig.     1.    Eustroma  fasciata  B.  &  McD.     Type,    ?       Cowichan  Lake,  Vane.  Is., 

B.  C. 
Eustroma  nubilata  Pack.       9       Wellington,  B.  C. 
Euphyia  unangutata  Haw.       S       Ramparts,  Alaska. 
Hydriomena  irata  quaesitata   B.    &    McD.       Type,   $  Monachee 

Mdws.,  Calif. 
Hydriomena  shasta  brunneata    B.    &    McD.       Type,   3  Monachee 

Mdws.,  Calif. 
Hydriomena  hensliawi  expurgata   B.  &  McD.       Type,   3        Monachee 

Mdws.,  Calif. 


Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Pig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6 

Fig. 

7. 

Pig. 

8 

Fig. 

9 

Fig- 

10 

Fig. 

11 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig- 

13 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

IS 

Fig- 

16 

Fig. 

17 

Fig- 

18 

Fig. 

19. 

Pig. 

20 

Fig. 

21. 

Dysstroma  mulleolata  Hist. 
Dysstroma  mulleolata  Hist. 
Dysstroma  brunneata  Pack 
Macaria  unipunctaria  Wgt. 
Macaria  unipunctaria  Wgt. 


B.  C. 


Duncans,  Vane.  Is., 

Wellington,  B.  C. 

Ketchikan,  Alaska. 

Redington,  Ariz. 

Deer    Park    Spgs.,    Lake    Tahoe, 
Calif. 
Macaria  adonis  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    S       Monachee   Mdws.,   Calif. 
Phasiane  hebetata  Hist.       S       Yosemite,  Calif. 
Glaucina  simularia  B.  &  McD.    Type,    9       Monachee  Mdws.,  Calif. 
Itame  simpliciata  B.  &  McD.    Type,   $       Paradise,  Ariz. 
Itaine  colata  Grt.       S       Vineyard,  Utah. 
Itame  colata  Grt.       9       Vineyard,  Utah. 
Pterotaea  mcmoriata  Pears.        5       Paradise,  Ariz. 
Itame  colata  Grt.       $       Monachee  Mdws.,  Calif. 
Itame  colata  Grt.       9       Monachee  Mdws.,  Calif. 
Pterotaea  ohliviscata   B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    $       Paradise,   Ariz. 


Plate  XXI 


202 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

S. 

F.g. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

IS. 

Fig. 

16. 

Fig. 

17. 

Fig. 

18. 

Fig. 

19. 

Fig. 

20. 

Fig. 

21. 

Fig. 

22. 

PLATE  XXII 

Nasusina  vaporata  Pears.       $       Loma  Linda,  Calif. 

Eupithecia  mcndkata  B.  &  McD.     Paratype.    $       San  Diego,  Calif. 

Prorella  mcllisa  Grossb.        9        Kingman,  Ariz. 

Prorella  insipidata  Pears.        9        Prescott,  Ariz. 

Eupithecia  lagganata  Tayl.     Type,   S       Laggan,  Alta. 

Eupithecia  obumbrata  Tayl.       S       Vane.  Is.,  B.  C. 

Eupithecia  fasciata  Tayl.     Type,    2       Ottawa,  Canada. 

Eupithecia  penumbrata  Pears.     Cotype,    $       Redington,  Ariz. 

Eupithecia  annulata  Hist.       S       Wellington,  B.  C. 

Eupithecia  adornata  Tayl.     Cotype,   $       Calgary,  Alta. 

Eupithecia  behrcnsata  Pack.        $       Loma  Linda,  Calif. 

Claucina  cscaria  Grt.       $        Paradise,  Ariz. 

Glaucina  cscaria  Grt.        9       Babaquivera  Mts.,  Ariz. 

Claucina  crroraria  Dyar.       9       Wenden,  Yuma  Co.,  Ariz. 

Loxostcge  anar talis  Grt.        9        Siskiyou  Co.,  Calif. 

Loxostcge  saxicolalis  B.  &   McD.     Type,    $        Stockton,   Utah. 

Loxostege  albertatis   B.   &   McD.     Type,    9       Red   Deer  River,   Alta. 

Cornifrons  actualis   B.   &   McD.     Type,    S       Loma   Linda,   Calif. 

Phlyctaenia  angustalis  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,    9       La  Puerta  Valley, 

Calif. 
Loxostcge  tcrpnalis  B.  &  McD.     Ty-pe,    9       Olancha,  Calif. 
Melitara  parabates  Dyar       $       Gila  Co.,  Ariz. 
Olyca  ponderosella  B.  &  McD.     Type,    9       Palm  Spgs.,  Calif. 


Plate  XXII 


#^f  ^>^,   ^^"^ 


^^^ 


'7 


^^^T^,^^""^  ^^^ 


T'lTfiiiiii  irnrmiiM 


204 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

PLATE  XXIII 

Siamnodcs  deceptiva   B.   &  McD.     Type,   S       Paradise,   Ariz. 
Acidalia  bucephalaria  B.   &   McD.     Paratype,   $       Tuolumne   Mdws., 

Calif. 
Plagodis  kuelsingaria  Pack.       S       Newton,  Mass. 
Sabulodcs  acccntuata  B.  &  McD.    Type,   S       Flagstaff,  Ariz. 
Noctuclia  (lalmalis  B.  &  McD.     Type,    9       Palm   Spgs.,  Calif. 
Pyransta  invctcrascalis  B.  &  McD.     Type,   $        New  Brighton,  Pa. 
Pyransta  pythialis  B.  &  McD.     Type,    $       Cartwright,  Man. 
Pyrausta  oclireicoslalis  B.  &  McD.     Type,   $       Palm  Spgs.,  Calif. 
Nociuelia  virula  B.  &  McD.     Type,   $       Palm   Spgs.,  Calif. 
Loxostcgc  parvipicta  B.   &   McD.     Type,    $       Olancha,   Calif. 
Pyrausla  tuolumnalis  B.   &   McD.     Paratype,   $       Tuolumne   Mdws., 

Calif. 


Plate  XXI IT 


206 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

IS. 

Fig. 

16. 

Fig. 

17. 

PLATE  XXIV 

Loxostege  unilinealis  B.  &  McD.    Type,   $       Redington,  Ariz. 
Phlyclaenia  berberalis  B.  &  McD.    Type,   9       Loma  Linda,  Calif. 
Crambus  bartcllus  B.  &   McD.     Type,   $       Tuolumne   Mdws.,   Calif. 
Crambus  ericellus  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,   S       Tuolumne  Mdws.,  Calif. 
Crambus  nwdestelhis  B.  &  McD.    Type,   S       Kerrville,  Tex. 
Tlwumatopsis  actuellus  B.  &  McD.    Type,   $       Lakeland,  Fla. 
Pyrausta  cmigralis  B.  &  McD.       S       Palmerlee,  Ariz. 
Loxotegopsis  curialis  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,   S       Eureka,  Utah. 
Pyrausta  merrickalis  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,   S       New  Brighton,  Pa. 
Pyrausta  zonalis  B.  &  McD.     Type,    9       Palm  Spgs.,  Calif. 
Macrotheca  bilinealis  B.  &  McD.     Type,   $       Paradise,  Ariz. 
Macrotheca  angulalis  B.  &  McD.     Type,   9       Camp  Baldy,  Calif. 
Platytes  damon  B.  &  McD.     Paratype,   $       San  Diego,  Calif. 
Platytes  damon  B.  &  McD.     Type,    9       San  Diego,  Calif. 
Crambus  angulatus  B.  &  McD.     Type,   $       San  Diego,  Calif. 
Tlascala  oregonella  B.  &  McD.    Type,   $       Crater  Lake,  Ore. 
Parramatta   placidella   B.    &    McD.     Paratype,    9       Olancha,    Calif. 


Plate  XXIV 


:^-*«^ 


6 


208 


Fig 

1. 

Fig 

2. 

Fig 

3. 

Fig 

4. 

Fig 

5. 

Fig 

6. 

Fig 

7. 

PLATE  XXV 

Genitalia  of  Oeneis  katahdin  Newc. 
Genitalia  of  Oeneis  brticei  Edw. 
Genitalia  of  Oeneis  semidea  Say. 
Genitalia  of  Oeneis  bcani  Edw. 
Genitalia  of  Oeneis  lucilla  B.  &  McD. 
Head  of  Prorclla  gypsata  Grt. 
Head  of  Nasiisina  inferior  Hist. 


T'l.ATn  XXV 


INDEX 


Page 

abrupta  B.   &  McD 119 

acastus  Edw 73 

accentuata  B.  &■  McD 156 

actualis  B.  &  McD 168 

actuellus  B.  &  McD 172 

actuaria  H.  S 117 

acutissima  Grt 101 

adonis  B.  &  McD 148 

adomata  Tayl 146 

aemularia  B.  &  McD 134 

aetheria  Grt 112 

albertalis  B.  &  McD 160 

albiocula  B.  &  McD 114 

albocostaliata  Pack 110 

albocostata  Druce  110 

albostriga  B.  &  McD 179 

albovitella  Hist 174 

amabilis  B.  6-  il/fD 96 

anartalis  Grt 159 

anceps  Steph 101 

ancilla  B.  &  McD 79 

angelus  Dyar  83 

angulalis  B.  &  McD 173 

angulatus  B.  &  McD 171 

angustalis  B.   &  McD 162 

annulata  Hht 145 

apposita  B.  &  McD 106 

ardiferella  Hist 176 

argenteostriata  B.  &  McD 91 

arg>-rodines  Bull 76 

arioch  Stkr 105 

arizonata  Grt 136 

assimilis  Bull 68 

astrigaria  B.  &  McD 150 

astrologa  B.  &  McD 109 

atlantica  B.  &  McD 119 

baldiir  Edw 61 

barnesi  Dyar   83 

bartellus  B.  &  McD 170 

basijuncta  B.  &  McD 84 

basipuncta  B.  &■  McD 100 

battoides  Behr 77 


Page 

beani  Edw 60 

behrensata  Pack 146 

bellipicta  IVarr 140 

berberalis  B.  &  McD 163 

bicolar  IVlk 87 

bilinealis  B.  &  McD 173 

binotata  IVlk 104 

bistrigalis  Gcyer   116 

bistrigalis  Steph 125 

bistrigata  B.  &  McD 107 

borealis  Grt 64 

borealis  G.  &  R 76 

borrusata  B.  &  McD 139 

brunneata  Pack 138 

bucephalaria  B.  &  McD 135 

calcaria  Pears 151 

Calepbelis  G.  &  R 75 

caliginella  Hist 174 

californiata  Gummp 146 

Camptylochila   Steph 125 

capiticola  IVlk 118 

catskillata   Pears 145 

celia  Saund 90 

centralis  R  cS- MfD 78 

chromaphila  Dyar   159 

chrysomelas  Hy.  Edw 65 

cinctipes  Grt 89 

cinnabarina  B.  &  McD 92 

classicata  Pears 147 

claudianus  Stich 62 

clio  B.  &  McD 81 

clodius  Men 61 

cognata  Sm 97 

colata  Grl 149 

commortalis  Grt 167 

confusalis  Wlk 169 

connecta  Sm 93 

cora  B.  &  McD 115 

coronada  Barnes 132 

correllata  Hist 149 

costata  Stich 85 

crambis  Frey   68 


Page 

cristifera  IVlk 95 

Cryphia  Hbn HI 

cubana   Grl 128 

cupola  Hainp 93 

curialis  B.  &  McD 166 

damon  B.  &  McD 172 

danbyi  Neum 86 

daura  Stkr 70 

davisi  Hy.  Edw 89 

deceptiva  B.  &  McD 136 

decorata  Grossb 149 

demaculata  B.  &  McD 97 

deserti  B.  &  McD 75 

diagonalis  Dyar   116 

diminuendis  B.   &  McD 126 

dinephclalis  Dyar  172 

dionaria  B.  &  McD 153 

discors  Grl 93 

dissimilis  Hlsi 157 

divinula  Grt HO 

dolli  B.  &  McD 105 

dorsimacula  Dyar 83 

eglenensis  Clem 89 

cleanora  B.  6- MfZ? 95 

electra  Wgt ' 81 

emigralis  B.  &  McD 166 

Epizeuxis  Hbn 124 

ericellus  B.  &  McD 171 

erroraria  Dyar 151 

escaria  Grt 151 

eiimoros  Dyar   170 

cuterpe  Men 67 

expurgata  B.  &  McD 139 

extensa  Sni 94 

fasciata  B.  &  McD 137 

fasciata  Tayl 145 

faustinula  Bdv 84 

februalis  5.  <&■  MfD 98 

f enestralis  B.  &  McD 169 

figurata  Dru 90 

filaria  Wlk 154 

flaviguttata  Grt 112 

flavula  B.  &  McD.  (Illice) 83 

flaviila  B.  &  McD.  (Melitaea)..  73 

flebilis  Hist 145 

florepicta  Dyar   159 

f orbesi   Frch 125 

fortiter  B.  <S-  iWcZ? 92 


Page 

fortunata  Pears 145 

fragilis  Stkr 84 

f ranconia  Hy.  Edw 90 

frigida  Scrid 63 

fulgora  B.  &  McD 94 

fulicalis  Clem 169 

fuscata  Grossb 136 

gallatinus  Stick 62 

gasta  Stkr 105 

glaucon  Ediv TJ 

gloriosa  Stkr 91 

graefiana  Grt 102 

grandipennis  B.  &  McD 117 

graphica  Hbn 118 

grisea  B.  &  McD 131 

grossbeckiata  Swctt 144 

hanhami  B.  &  McD 95 

heathi  B.  &  McD 122 

hebetata  Hist 149 

helena  Edw 71 

Hemeroplanis  Hbn 122 

Hemigrotella  S.  <5- MfD 91 

heteropuncta  B.  &  McD 158 

Heterocoma  B.   &  McD 179 

hewletti  B.  &  McD 88 

hoffmanni  Behr 72 

horus  Edw 80 

hudsonica  G.  &  R 121 

Hyperstrotia  Hamp 112 

iberidis  Bdi' 65 

ilioneus  A.  &  S 61 

Illice  Wlk 82 

illustrata  B.  &  McD 140 

immaculata  Reak 84 

impolita  Morr 94 

impressale  Hist 174 

incognita  B.  &  McD 99 

incresata  Pears 146 

indeterminata  B.  &  McD 114 

indicataria   IVlk 154 

indirecta  IVlk 102 

inferior  Hist 141 

ingens  B.  &  McD 71 

inopinatus  Hy.  Ediv 89 

insipidata  Pears 143 

intercalaris  Grt 116 

interior  Scud 66 

intermedia  B.  &  McD 78 


Page 

inveterascalis  B.  &  McD 165 

irregularia  B.  &  McD 134 

Julia  5.  &  McD 126 

kasloa  Dyar  87 

katahdin  Newc 69 

kentiickiensis  Dyar 83 

kumskaka  Send 80 

kuetzingaria  Pack 155 

laceyi  B.  &  McD 101 

laeta  Gucr 84 

lagganata  Tayl 145 

laurentina  Scud 67 

liberomacula  Dyar  83 

limnata  Pears 145 

lisa  Bdv.  &  Lee 67 

lituralis  Hbn 1-25 

low  riei  B.  &  McD 132 

lucilla  B.  &  McD 69 

magdalena  B.  &  McD 71 

marginalis  Scud 64 

maria  Skin 72 

mellisa  Grossh 143 

niemoriata  Pears 152 

mendicata  B.  &  McD 143 

menetriesi  Hy.  Edzv 61 

merrickalis  B.  &  McD 165 

merrickalis  Siii 125 

metzaria  Dyar  156 

minima  Dyar  167 

minorata  B.   &  McD 97 

minuta  Hist 141 

misenilata   Grt 144 

modestella  B.  &  McD 110 

modestellus  B.  &  McD 171 

mofFatiana  Grt 102 

monica  B.  &  McD 104 

mormo  Fcld 75 

mulleolata  Hist 137 

multiplaga  Scltaus 75 

mna.  Hbn Ill 

napi  Linn 63 

Nasusina  Pears 141 

nebula  B.  &  McD Ill 

nehulosa  Hist 144 

nemesis  Edzv 75 

nemoralis  B.  &  McD 127 

ncxa  Bdz' 84 

nexilis  Morr 109 


Page 

nimbicolor  Hist 146 

oblectalis  Hist 170 

obliviscata  B.  &  McD 152 

obscurior  Hist 146 

obumbrata  Tayl 145 

occidentalis  Settd 65 

ochreicostalis  B.   &  McD 163 

occulta  Hy.  Edv.' 119 

Oeneis  Hbn 68 

oeno  Bdv 68 

opinata  Pears 142 

oregonella  B.  &  McD 175 

orcgonensis  B.  &  McD 78 

oniata  Pack 88 

oslarcllus  Haiin 170 

palla  Bdi' 73 

pallipennis  B.  &  McD 85 

palmalis  5.  &  McD 167 

palmi  Beut 178 

parabates  Dyar   175 

Parabypenodes  B.  &  McD 123 

parvipicta  B.  &  McD 161 

paucimacula  B.  &  McD 154 

peabodyae  Dyar 93 

peartiae  Ed'iSi 69 

penumbrata  Pears 147 

perditalis  B.  &  McD 76 

perfecta  Hy.  Edw 120 

perfusca  Hist 145 

perillata  Pears 146 

perrosea  Dyar   83 

pervertens  B.  &  McD 113 

picta  B.  &  McD 83 

picta  Pack 90 

placidella  B.  &  McD 177 

plumbaria  Hist 144 

ponderosa  B.  &■  McD 149 

ponderosella  B.  &  McD 175 

popofensis  Sm 105 

porcelaria  Gn 153 

preciosa  Nixon   90 

primula  B.  &  McD 100 

proba  Hy.  Edw 87 

Prorella  B.  &  McD 142 

Protocryphia  B.  &  McD 112 

pteridis  Hy.  Edxi.' 86 

puella  Sni 101 

puellaria  Dyar   151 


Page 

inilclira  B.  &  MiD 121 

pulverulenta  Sm 55 

punctata  Pack 85 

punctularia  B.   &  McD 135 

pliritellus  Kft 1"' 

purpuraria  Pears 15j 

pyralis  Hbn 122 

pythialis  B.  &  McD 164 

qtiadralis  B.   &  McD 124 

qiiacsitata  B.   &  McD 140 

resedae  Bdv 65 

rotundalis  Wlk 125 

rotundata  Pack 136 

rubiginosa  Wlk 104 

rubra  Neum 86 

rubricans  B.  &  McD 123 

rubropicta  Pack 84 

rufofascialis  Stcf'h 167 

rufula  Bdv 85 

ruptifascia  B.  &  McD 82 

sabulosa  Hy.  Edii' 120 

salvata  Pears 140 

saxicolalis  B.  &  McD 160 

Scopclopus  Stcpli 122 

scopulaepes  Haw 122 

secta  Grt 112 

segregata  B.  &  McD 72 

semicarnea  B.  &  McD ?5 

semidea  Say  69 

seposita  Hy.  Edit' 122 

sericeata  B.  &  McD 157 

sericeata  Hht 149 

serrula  B.  &  McD 104 

shastaensis  Frch 88 

sidus  Gn H'2 

simpliciata  B.  &  McD 150 

simplicius  B.  &  McD 155 

simularia  B.  &  McD 152 

sirius  B.  &  McD HI 

spadaria  Gn 117 

spaldingi  B.  &  McD.  (Grotella)  92 


Page 

spaldingi  B.  &  McD.   (Philotes)  79 

spcrmaphaga  Dyar  147 

subargentalis  B.  &  McD 161 

subcolorata  B.  &  McD 'i'9 

subhyalina  Ciirt 68 

subjuncta  G.  &  R 95 

tejonica  Behr  120 

tenuifascia  Harv 82 

tenuistriga  B.  &■  McD 118 

terpnalis  B.  &  McD 160 

terrificaS.  &  MeD 91 

texanella  Hist 174 

thalialis  Wlk 167 

transferens  Dyar 173 

treati  Grt 84 

triangula  B.   &  McD 116 

triangulata  B.  &  McD.  (Plataea)  151 

triangulata  B.  &  McD.  (Synaxis)  156 

troilus  Linn 61 

tuolumnalis  B.  &  McD 165 

unangulata  Haza 140 

uncanale  Hist 174 

undalis  Sicpli 125 

unitascia  G.  &  R 82 

unilinealis  B.  6r  McD 161 

unipunctaria   Wgt 148 

vagans  B.  &  McD 129 

vagans  Bdv 85 

vaporata  Pears 141 

variabilis  B.  &  McD 106 

variegata  B.  &  McD 103 

vema  B.  &  McD 90 

villificans  B.  &  McD 113 

vinulenta  Grt 102 

virginiensis  Gray 76 

viridescens  B.  &  McD 108 

virula  B.  &  McD 168 

walkeri  Grt 102 

walsinghami  Butl 87 

wiUingi  B.  &  McD 129 

zonalis  B.  &  McD 164 


CONTRIBUTIONS 

TO  THE 

NATURAL  HISTORY 

OF  THE 

LEPIDOPTERA 

OF 

NORTH  AMERICA 


VOL.  IV 

No.  3 


NOTES  AND  NEW  SPECIES 

BY 

WILLIAM   BARNES,  S.  B.,  M.  D. 

AND 

AUGUST  BUSCK 

MAILED  MARCH  8,  1920 


211 


NOTES  AND  NEW  SPECIES 
TORTRICIDAE 

Amorbia  synneuraxa,  n.  sp.    PI.  XXXI,  Fig.  3. 

Labial  palpi  light  yellow,  slightly  brownish  exteriorly.  Face,  head  and  thorax 
light  straw-yellow.  Forewings  light  straw-yellow  with  a  small  faint  light  red- 
dish brown  dash  on  the  middle  of  costa,  directed  outAvardly,  and  with  a  similarly 
colored  very  faint  dash  on  apical  third  of  costa.  Hindwings  pale  straw-colored. 
Abdomen  light  yellow  with  whitish  underside.  Legs  pale  yellow.  Underside 
of  wings  unicolored  light  yellow.  The  female  has  both  pairs  of  wings  a  shade 
darker  tlian  the  male,  but  is  identical  in  markings. 

Alar  expanse  :     S    20-24  mm. ;    9    26  mm. 

Habitat:     Redington  and  Babaquivera  Mts.,  Arizona. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Banies;  cotypes  in  U,  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22634). 

This  species  is  similar  to  Amorbia  emigratella  Busck,  especially 
in  the  males,  but  is  without  the  dark  costal-apical  edging  of  the  hind- 
wings  found  in  that  species,  and  the  markings  of  the  forewings  are 
much  paler.  The  female  dififers  from  any  described  species  of  the 
genus  by  having  veins  7  and  8  of  the  forewings  united  as  in  the  male, 
not  stalked  as  is  the  normal.  The  Californian  Amorbia  cuneana  Wal- 
singham,  is  very  variable  in  color,  but  is  much  larger  and  even  the 
palest  male  of  that  species  is  darker  ochreous  than  those  of  the  present 
species.  The  male  genitalia  of  this  genus  are  very  uniform  with  but 
slight  specific  modification,  but  A.  synneurana  has  the  costa  of  the 
harps  somewhat  arched,  not  straight,  and  the  center  of  the  transtilla 
is  much  less  spined  than  in  A.  cuneana  Wlshm.,  it  also  has  a  very 
dififerent  armature  of  the  penis  from  this  species  (see  PI.  XXXI,  Fig. 
1  and  3). 

Sparganothis  machimiana,  n.  sp.     PI.  XXVIII,  Fig.  2. 

Labial  palpi  light  ochreous,  suffused  with  dark  fuscous  exteriorly  and  with 
dark  fuscous  terminal  joints.  Face  naked.  Head  and  thorax  light  ochreous 
brown.  Forewings  light  ochreous  brown,  evenly  sprinkled  with  single  scales  of 
darker  brown  and  dark  fuscous;  a  faint  series  of  small  blackish  dots  along  the 
costal  and  terminal  edges;  a  conspicuous  small  black  round  dot  at  the  end  of 
the  cell;  cilia  ochreous.  Hindwings  light  brownish  fuscous  with  paler  cilia; 
underside  with  very  faint  transverse  blackish  striation.  Abdomen  ochreous 
fuscous  above,  yellowish  on  the  underside.  LefTS  ochreous  with  dusky  tarsal 
joints. 


212 

Alar  expanse:     21-26  mm. 

Habitat  :     Paradise,  Cochise  Co.  and  Palmerlee,  Arizona. 
Type  and  cotypcs  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22635). 

Sparganothis  umbrana,  n.  sp.     PI.  XX\'III,  Fig.  3. 

Labial  palpi  dark  reddish  brown.  Face  naked.  Head  and  thorax  light 
reddish  brown.  Forewings  light  ochreous  with  golden  and  greenish  iridescence 
and  with  dark  brown  markings;  an  ill-defined,  narrow,  reddish  brown  fascia 
from  before  the  middle  of  costa  to  just  beyond  the  middle  of  dorsum;  an  apical 
dark  brown  area  occupies  the  outer  third  of  the  wing  and  is  sharply  outlined 
against  the  lighter  ground  color  of  the  basal  two-thirds,  which  terminates  before 
apical  third  of  costa  and  bulges  outwards  shortly  below  the  costa  into  the 
darker  apical  part  of  the  wing;  a  small  reddish  brown  spot  on  the  fold  near 
the  base.  Cilia  light  ochreous.  Hindwings  dark  fuscous  brown  with  light 
ochreous  cilia.  Abdomen  dark  ochreous  with  lighter  underside.  Legs  ochreous 
with  tarsal  joints  faintly  annulated  with  fuscous. 

Alar  expanse  :    22-24  mm. 

Habitat  :     Denver,  Colorado.     Oslar,  collector. 

Type  and  cotypcs  in  Collection  Barnes;  cot\pcs  in  U.  S.  National  Aluseum 
(No.  22636). 

A  somewhat  variable  species,  closely  allied  to  the  very  variable 
Californian  species  5".  scuccionana  Walsingham,  which  I  consider  only 
a  variety  of  riidana  Walsingham  and  of  the  iminaculate  incoiiditana 
Walsingham ;  in  a  very  large  series  before  me  these  forms  grade  into 
each  other  so  completely,  that  I  can  only  consider  them  all  one  species, 
as  many  genitalia  slides  of  the  various  forms  seem  to  support.  The 
present  species  differs  in  having  much  longer  labial  palpi  than  the 
Californian  species,  which  must  bear  the  first  Walsingham  name,  in- 
coiiditana. 

Platynota  iridana,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  reddish  brown,  mottled  with  black.  Head  and  thorax  reddish 
brown.  Forewings  of  the  female  reddish  brown  with  a  darker  brown  indistinct, 
outwardly  oblique  facia  from  before  the  middle  of  costa  to  before  tomus ; 
another  blackish  brown  fascia,  broad  on  the  apical  third  of  costa  becomes 
attenuated  and  stops  before  it  reaches  tornus ;  on  both  sides  of  this  last  dark 
fascia  are  narrower  light  reddish  outwardly  oblique  and  curved  fasciae  which 
are  heavily  overlaid  with  iridescent  and  silvery  scales ;  extreme  terminal  edge 
and  apex  dark  brown ;  at  the  end  of  the  cell  a  conspicuous  black  dot.  In  the 
males  the  costal  fold  reaches  to  apical  third  of  costa,  broad  on  basal  half  and 
narrow  outwardly;  basal  two-thirds  of  the  wing  heavily  overlaid  with  dark, 
blackish   brown    scales,   contrasting   with   a   light   ochreous   transverse   space  at 


^3 

apical  fifth,  which  is  overlaid  with  iridescent  scales;  lerniiiial  edge  dark  reddish 
hrown.  Hindwinps  in  both  sexes  light  reddish  brown.  Abdomen  light  golden 
brown  with  golden  ochreous  underside.  Legs  light  ochreous,  dnsted  with  dark 
brown. 

Alar  expanse:      $     14  mm. ;     9     15-17  mm. 

Habitat  :     St.   Petersburg,   Florida. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  oot.\pes  in  U,  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22637). 

Nearest  to  the  larger  and  ligliter  coloretl  Plalynota  tnctaUica  W'al- 
singham. 

PlATYNOTA  VIRIDANA,  11.  sp.     PI.  XX\'III.  Fig.  4. 

Labial  palpi  light  greenish  yellow,  heavily  sprinkled  with  blackish  fuscous 
scales.  Head  and  thorax  greenish  yellow,  face  and  patagia  heavily  overlaid 
with  blackish  fuscous.  Forewings  light  yellow  with  a  green  lustre,  sparsely 
overlaid  with  darker  ochreous  and  light  brown  scales ;  a  well  defined,  outwardly 
oblique,  blackish  fuscous  fascia  from  middle  of  costa  to  apical  third  of  dorsum 
contains  a  number  of  reddish  and  brown  scale?;  a  similarly  colored  triangular 
costal  spot  at  apical  third ;  terminal  edge  and  apex  broadly  blackish  fuscous 
with  a  reddish  brown  line  along  the  extreme  edge ;  cilia  ochreous ;  costal  fold 
in  the  male  very  small  and  not  firmly  pressed  down,  covering  only  basal  sixth 
of  costa.  Hindwings  dark  fuscous  with  cilia  lighter.  Abdomen  and  legs  ochre- 
ous  fuscous. 

Alar  expanse:     17  mm. 

Habitat:     Dewey,  Arizona. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22638). 

Platynota  chiquitana,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi,  head  and  thorax  blackish  brown.  Forewings  dark  brown  with 
outer  half  lighter  yellowish  brown  especially  in  the  males;  costal  fold  of  the 
male  short  and  narrow,  reaching  only  one-fourth  of  the  costa;  a  blackish  brown, 
outwardly  oblique,  fascia  from  the  middle  of  costa  to  apical  third  of  dorsum 
becomes  indistinct  and  suflFused  on  its  lower  half,  but  is  edged  along  its  entire 
basal  side  with  minute  tufts  of  raised  scales;  similar  small  tufts  of  black  scales 
are  found  in  two  series  across  the  apical  part  of  the  wing,  starting  on  either 
side  of  an  obscure  dark  brown  triangular  costal  spot  at  apical  third;  additional 
small  tufts  of  scales  are  scattered  on  apical  part  of  the  wing;  terminal  edge 
dark  reddish  brown  with  small  raised  scale  tufts.  Cilia  golden  brown.  Hind- 
wings  dark  reddish  brown.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous  with  yellowish  brown  under- 
side.   Legs  blackish  brown. 

Alar  expanse  :     12-16  mm. 

Habitat:     San  Diego  and  Loma  Linda,  San    Bern.  Co.,  California. 


214 

Type  and  cotvpes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22639). 

An  inconspictioiis  species,  mainly  distinguished  stiperficially  by 
its  small  size. 

TORTRIX   PERONEANA,  n.   sp. 

Labial  palpi  reddish  ochreous.  Face  and  head  dark  ochreous.  Collar  dark 
reddish  brown.  Thorax  light  yellow.  Forewings  light  yellow,  slightly  suffused 
with  reddish  scales,  especially  on  outer  half  and  along  costa;  a  short  dark  brown 
line  from  just  before  the  middle  of  costa  is  directed  towards  tornus  but  stops 
at  the  end  of  the  cell  and  forms  a  right  angle  with  a  similar,  inwardly  directed 
line  from  apical  fourtli  of  costa;  costal  edge  narrowly  reddish  brown  except 
within  the  triangle  formed  by  these  two  lines;  terminal  edge  and  cilia  dark 
reddish  fuscous.  Male  without  costal  fold.  Hindwings  light  reddish  fuscous 
with  white  cilia.  Abdomen  light  yellow.  Legs  yellow  shaded  exteriorly  with 
brown. 

Alar  expanse:     18-19  mm. 

Habitat  :     Palmerlee,  Cochise  Co.,   Arizona. 

Type  and  cotvpes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  .S.  Xalional  Museum 
(No.  22640). 

A  striking  species  of  the  quercifoliaiia  and  scmicirculana  group, 
easily  recognized  by  its  simple  pattern. 

The  venation  of  the  female  of  this  species  is  normal  with  veins 
3  and  4  of  the  hindwings  connate ;  the  males  have  these  veins  dis- 
tinctly separate,  tho'  approximate,  a  tentlency  foimd  in  several  species 
of  the  family  and  indicating  that  this  character.  3  and  4  of  hind- 
wing  separate  or  connate,  must  be  used  with  considerable  circum- 
spection in  the  generic  division  of  the  family,  more  so,  probably,  than 
has  been  the  case. 

TORTRIX  CARNANA,  n.  sp.     PI.  XXVIII,  Fig.  1. 

Labial  palpi  light  reddish  brown.  Face  and  head  deep  reddish  brown. 
Thorax  reddish  brown ;  patagia  tipped  with  white.  Forewings  white  with  vivid 
reddisli  brown  markings;  basal  fourth  reddish  brown  except  along  dorsal  edge; 
a  broad  reddish  brown  fascia  from  tlie  middle  of  costa,  outwardly  projected  to 
the  end  of  the  cell,  reaches  nearly  across  tlie  wing  to  the  fold;  the  white  apical 
third  of  the  wing  outside  this  fascia  is  faintly  suffused  with  red  except  on  a  pure 
white  costal  streak  immediately  beyond  the  fascia.  Cilia  white.  Hindwings 
pale  nisty  red.     Underside  of  both  wings  liglit  golden  red  with  the  white  costal 


215 

marking  of  tlie  forewing  sliowing  tliroiigli.  Abdomen  reddish  brown  with 
whitish  base  and  underside.     Legs  white,  strongly  suFEiised  with  red  exteriorly. 

Alar  expanse  :     26-29  mm. 

Habit.\t:     Camp  Baldy,  San.  Bern.  Mts..  California. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  V.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22641). 

A  very  striking  species,  not  easily  confnsed  with  any  describeil 
species  bitt  probably  nearest  to  T".  Tiridana  Dyar. 

TORTRIX   DtMORPH.WA,  n.   sp. 

Labial  palpi,  face,  head  and  thorax  light  canary  yellow.  Forewings  light 
canary  yellow  with  blackish  fuscous  markings;  in  the  female  the  dark  markings 
are  confined  to  a  short,  inwardly  directed,  diflfused  dorsal  streak  just  before 
tornus  and  sometimes  a  scattering  of  black  scales  along  the  terminal  and  dorsal 
margins;  in  the  male  there  is  an  oblique  blackish  fascia  from  middle  of  costa  to 
just  before  tornus,  interrupted  on  the  middle  of  the  wing  by  the  ground  color; 
there  is  also  a  well  defined  blackish  costal  spot  at  apical  fourth.  Cilia  whitish. 
Hindwings  and  cilia  white.  Abdomen  whitish  ochreous.  Legs  light  ochreous, 
shaded  exteriorly  with  brown. 

Alar  expanse:     21-24  mm. 

Habitat:  Duncans,  Vancouver  Is.  Hanhani  coll.;  Victoria,  British  Co- 
lumbia. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cot\-pes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22642). 

Allied  to  T.  demcnsiana  Fernald,  but  broader  winged  and  distin- 
guished by  the  dark  markings  of  the  forewings. 

TORTRIX  INVID.'\N.A,  n.  sp.     PI.  XXXI,  Fig.  9. 

Labial  palpi  dirty  white,  shaded  exteriorly  with  black;  terminal  joint  black. 
Face,  head  and  thorax  dirty  white  with  a  few  single  black  scales;  patagia 
strongly  speckled  with  black.  Ground  color  of  the  forewings  white  with  gray 
and  black  markings;  basal  fourth  thickly  overlaid  with  gray  and  black  trans- 
verse striation  except  on  dorsal  edge;  on  the  middle  of  costa  is  a  sharply  limited 
black  spot,  from  which  an  outwardly  oblique,  strongly  angulated  fascia  of  gray 
and  black  scales  runs  to  the  dorsum  just  before  tornus;  at  apical  fourth  of 
costa  is  a  large  rectangular  black  and  gray  spot  with  a  minute  costal  dash  of  the 
ground  color  in  the  center;  beyond  this  are  two  thin  blackish  lines  across  the 
wing,  the  first  tenuinating  in  a  large  ill  defined  gray  spot  above  tornus,  the  outer 
just  before  apex  is  continued  into  a  series  of  black  dashes  along  terminal  and 
tomal  edge  and  beyond  and  along  dorsal  edge  between  the  fascia  and  the  basal 
part.  Cilia  dirty  while.  Hindwings  light  fuscous  with  the  edges  slightly 
darker  and   with  a  thin    fuscous  line  in  the  dirty   white  cilia,  parallel   with  the 


216 

edge.  Abdomen  fuscous  vvitli  whitish  underside.  Legs  dirty  vvliite,  shaded  with 
fuscous  exteriorly. 

Alar  expanse  :     19-22  mm. 

H.'VBiT.vT:  Duncans,  Vancouver  Is.  Hanham  coll.;  Victoria,  British  Co- 
lumbia. 

Type  and  cotypcs  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22643). 

Allied  to  and  with  strong  general  resemblance  to  Tortrix  dissitana 
Grote,  but  without  the  solid  black  triangular  markings  on  the  terminal 
edge  of  this  species. 

Peronea  m.\ximan.\,  n.  sp.     PI.  XXXII,  Fig.  1. 

Labial  palpi  wliite,  mottled  exteriorly  with  black  scales.  Face,  head  and 
thorax  whitish  fuscous,  sparsely  sprinkled  with  single  black  scales.  Forewings 
whitish  gray  with  a  faint  bluish  tint  and  irregularly  sprinkled  and  strigulated 
with  darker  gray  and  black  scales;  costal  edge  with  irregularly  placed  blackish 
brown  geminate  dashes ;  terminal  edge  w  ith  a  scalloped  blackish  brown  mar- 
ginal line,  at  basal  third  of  costa  is  an  outwardly  directed  transverse  blackish 
fuscous  fascia,  sometimes  faintly  indicated.  A  somewhat  more  distinct  irregu- 
lar transverse  dark  shade  across  the  end  of  the  cell  from  the  middle  of  costa 
is  also  variable  in  the  different  specimens,  but  is  at  least  always  indicated  by  a 
dark  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell,  containing  two  short  longitudinal  black  streaks ; 
a  small  blackish  dot  on  the  fold  near  the  base.  Hindwings  light  shining  fus- 
cous with  darker  fuscous  irregular  transverse  striation  whicli  is  more  pro- 
nounced on  the  underside;  underside  of  forewings  dark  fuscous  with  whitish 
costal  edge  on  which  several  dark  costal  dashes  show  conspicuously.  Abdomen 
dark  fuscous  with  yellowish  anal  tuft.    Legs  dirty  ochreous  white. 

Alar  expanse  ;     28-30  mm. 

Habit.-\t  ;  Vancouver  Is.  Hanham  coll.;  Victoria.  British  Columbia.  A 
J.  Crocker  coll. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes ;  cotxpes  in  U.  S,  National  Museum 
(No.  22644). 

A  striking  species  nearest  allied  to  Peronea  ferrug'uugnttata  Fer- 
nald.  A  series  of  specimens  from  the  same  locality  but  smaller  (22-27 
mm)  seeiTi  to  grade  right  into  the  larger  form,  which  I  have  made  the 
type  and  I  am  unable  to  separate  them,  at  least  for  the  jjresent. 

Peronea  fuscana,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  whitish  on  their  inner  side,  dark  fuscous  exteriorly.  Face, 
head  and  thorax  dark  fuscous.  Forewings  dark  fuscous  with  a  few  scattered 
brown  scales  and  with  black  markings;  base  of  costa  broadly  black;  a  black 
rectangular  triangle,  consisting  of  two  costal  spots  and  an  intermediate  spot 
below  and  between  these,  closely  connected  around  a  small  dot  of  the  ground 


217 

color  at  apical  third ;  a  small  black  dot  on  the  fold  near  the  base ;  faint  blackish 
brown  transverse  striation  on  apical  third  of  the  wing;  cilia  dirty  white.  Hind- 
■\vinf;s  light  shiny  fuscous  with  whitish  cilia.  Abdomen  ochreous  fuscous  with 
lit;hter  underside.    Legs  ochreous  fuscous  with  blackish  shading  e.\tcrior!y. 

Alar    expanse:     16   mm. 

H.'VBiT.AT :     Aweme,  Manitoba,  Criddle  coll. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22645). 

A  dark  inconspicuous  species  of  the  Snbnh'ana  group. 

Perone.\  stadi.^na,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  yellowish  white  on  the  inner  side,  mottled  with  reddish  brown 
exteriorly.  Face,  head  and  thorax  light  reddish  brown.  Forewings  light  red- 
dish brown  with  a  dark  brown  triangle,  enclosing  a  small  triangular  spot  of  the 
ground  color  on  apical  tliird  of  costa ;  a  faint  dark  brown  striation  on  basal 
third  of  the  wing;  apical  third  rather  heavily  overlaid  with  dark  brown;  a  small 
black  dot  on  the  middle  of  the  cell  and  a  similar  dot  at  the  end  of  the  cell,  con- 
taining a  few  white  scales;  a  small  black  dot  on  the  fold  near  base;  all  of  these 
black  spots  consist  of  raised  scales;  the  extreme  terminal  edge  of  the  wing 
dusted  with  black;  cilia  light  fuscous.  Hindwings  dark  brownish  fuscous  with 
yellowish  cilia.  Abdomen  fuscous  above,  underside  light  ochreous.  Legs  light 
ochreous;  tarsal  joints  shaded  exteriorly  with  brown. 

Alar  expanse:     15-17  mm. 

H.\BITAT :     Ottawa,  Canada.     C.  H.  Young  coll. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22646). 

Apparently  a  not  very  variable  species,  near  P.  viburnana  Clem- 
ens in  color,  but  smaller  and  witli  the  costal  triangle  less  extensive. 


218 


PHALONIIDAE 

IIv-TEROSIA   PERSIMCTANA.  n.   sp.      PI.   XXVIII,   Fig.   5. 

Labial  palpi  whitish  gray,  sprinkled  with  dark  brown  scales.  Head  and 
thorax  whitish  gray  sprinkled  with  brown.  Forewings  without  costal  fold  in  the 
male;  the  white  ground  color  thickly  and  evenly  dusted  with  gray,  black  and  light 
fawn  colored  scales  so  as  to  appear  gray  to  the  unaided  eye ;  from  the  middle 
of  costa  to  near  base  of  dorsum  runs  a  dark  gray  narrow^  fascia,  ill  defined  out- 
wardly, but  sharply  outlined  basally  by  a  line  of  white  scales;  a  large  blackish 
brown  transverse  spot,  undulated  in  outline  toward  the  base  and  outwardly 
curved  toward  apex  reaches  from  apical  fourth  of  costa  to  tomus  and  is  edged 
outwardly  by  a  line  of  pure  white  scales;  an  indistinct  triangular  dark  gray 
area  before  tomus  is  emphasized  by  a  lighter  gray  edge  toward  the  base  of  the 
wing;  cilia  white  with  base  and  tips  brown.  Hindwings  whitish,  heavily  but 
indefinitely  mottled  with  transverse  gray  strialion,  which  is  more  pronounced  on 
the  underside ;  cilia  white  dotted  with  brown.  Underside  of  forewings  light 
brown  with  the  outer  curved  white  line  and  the  dark  subapical  spot  of  the  upper 
surface  clearly  indicated.  Abdomen  li.ght  grayish  brown.  Legs  whitish,  dusted 
with  brown. 

Alar  e,\p.".nse  :     25-27  mm. 

H.\r.iTAT :     Paradise,   Cochise  Co.,   Arizona. 

Type  and  cutvpes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22647). 

Nearest  to  //.  tcnninaua  Busck,  but  ver_v  distinct  from  any  of  our 
described  species  of  the  gentis  by  its  soft  gray  color  and  the  externally 
white  edged  dark  apical  sjiot. 

HVSTEROSIA  CANARIANA,  n.  sp.      PI.  XXVIII,  Fig.  6. 

Labial  palpi  light  yellow,  mottled  externally  with  brown.  Face,  head  and 
thorax  light  yellow.  Forewings  pale  canary  yellow,  overlaid  with  darker  yel- 
low scales  and  with  reddish  brown  and  blackish  markings;  costal  fold  of  the 
male  blackish  brown,  reaching  to  basal  third;  a  series  of  faint,  equidistant,  light 
brown  dots  along  costal  edge  beyond  the  fold ;  an  inwardly  oblique  blackish 
brown  streak  across  the  base  of  the  cell;  a  small  black  spot  at  the  end  of  the 
cell  and  a  reddish  brown  streak,  mixed  with  black  scales  across  the  tip  of  the 
wing  from  apical  fourth  to  tornus.  Cilia  reddish  white.  Hindwings  light  fus- 
cous with  faint  transverse  darker  striation.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous  with  yellow 
anal  tuft.     Legs  light  ochreous. 

Alar  expanse:     19-23  mm. 

Habit.'m:     White  Mountains,  Arizona. 

Type  and  cotvpes  in  Collection  Barnes ;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22648). 


219 

Nearest  to  //.  anicoalbida  Walsingham.  but  darker  yellow  with 
darker  markings  and  at  once  distinguislied  from  it  by  the  dark  hind- 
wings. 

HvsTEROSiA  KMLviPLiCANA  Walsingham.     PI.  XXXII,  Fig.  10. 

1879,  111.  I.ep.  Met.  Brit.  Mus..  Vol.  IV,  p.  25,  PI.  LXVI,  Fig.  2,  3. 
n.  syns : 

Hysterosia  aegrana  Walsingham. 

1879,  111.  Lep.  Het.  Brit.  Mus.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  26,  PI.  LXVI,  Fig.  4. 

Hysterosia  homonana  Kearfott. 

1907,  Can.  Fnt.,  \'ol.  XXXIX,  p.  84. 

Hysterosia  komouana  Kearfott. 

1907,  Can.  Ent.,  XXXIX,  p.  121. 

A  very  large  and  perfect  series  from  the  type  locality  of  Wal- 
singham's  species  show  sufficient  variation  in  the  ground  color  of  the 
forewings  to  indicate  that  the  two  names  fiilviplicana  and  aegrana 
apply  to  only  one  species  of  which  the  males  normally  are  the  larger 
and  white,  while  the  females  are  ochreous  and  much  smaller,  but  both 
sexes  vary  and  intergrade  to  some  extent  and  enough  to  account  for 
Walsinghani's  description  and  figures  of  the  supposed  two  species. 

Lord  Walsingham  evidently  had  some  suspicion  of  this,  but  his 
short  series  did  not  enable  him  to  connect  the  extremes  in  coloration 
and  size.  In  spite  of  considerable  collection  in  the  type  region  only 
one  species  of  this  genus  has  been  turned  up  and  only  one  seems  to 
occur  there. 

Kearfott's  two  names  Hysterosia  homonana  and  H.  komonana 
apply  to  small  varieties  of  male  specimens  of  this  same  species  as  his 
types  prove ;  genitalia  slides  of  cotypes  of  both  his  species  have  been 
made  and  are  found  to  be  alike  and  identical  with  those  of  f tiki plic ana 
Walsingham. 

The  synonymy  is  augmented  by  the  names  refuga  Meyrick  and 
fermcntata  Meyrick,  supplied  with  the  idea  of  supplanting  Kearfott's 
"nonsense  "  names. 

It  is  further  added  to  by  Lord  Walsinghani's  identification  of  the 
European  Hysterosia  inopiana  Stephens,  from  California,  which  in 
our  opinion  was  based  on  a  female  of  the  variable  fnlviplicana,  this 
European  name  should  be  discontinued  in  our  North  American  List 


220 

except  as  a  synonym  of  fitk'ipUcana  as  H .  inopiana  Walsingham,  not 
Stephens. 

In  most  species  of  Lepidoptera  the  female  is  larger  than  the  male 
in  alar  expanse  and  the  opposite  condition  in  this  species  is  noteworthy, 
though  found  in  several  others.  It  does  not  hold  for  the  other  species 
of  the  genus.  In  the  oecophorid  genus  Scmioscopis  it  is  the  condition 
found  in  all  the  species,  that  the  males  run  considerably  larger  than 
the   females. 

ITy.sterosia  terminana  Busck. 

1907.  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  .Soc,  XV,  p.  33. 
n.  syn. 

Hystcrosia  nicrrickaiia  Kearfott. 

1907,  Can.  Ent.,  XXXIX.  p.  59,  121. 

These  two  names  ])ul)lished  with  short  intervals  stand  for  the  same 
species  and  mcrrickana  must  sink  as  a  synonym. 

Hy.sterosia  baracana  Busck. 

1907,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  XV,  p.  38. 
n.  syn : 

Hystcrosia  tiscana  Kearfott. 

1907,  Can.  Ent.,  XXXIX,  p.  123. 

Hystcrosia  vigilans  Meyrick. 

1912,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.,  XLVIII,  p.  35. 

Kearfott's  name  H .  tiscana,  published  a  few  months  after  Hystc- 
rosia baracana.  falls  as  a  synonym  for  it  and  witli  it  Meyrick's  substi- 
tute for  Kearfott's  name. 

I  [vsTF.KosiA   cautwuigiitana  Kearfott. 

1907.  Can.  Ent.,  XXXIX,  p.  123. 

This  name  has  been  placed  wrongfully  as  a  .synonym  of  H. 
villana  Busck.  and  should  he  resurrected  as  a  valid  species.  The  gen- 
italia of  this  genus  are  remarkably  uniform  and  difficult  to  dififerentiate, 
but  exhibit  good  characters,  however  small,  in  the  form  of  the  trans- 
tilla  and  the  armature  of  the  penis. 


221 

Phai.onia  marloffiana  Busck. 

1907,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  XV,  p.  26. 
new  syn : 

Phalonia  nonlavana  Kearf. 

1907,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  XXXIII,  p.  85. 

This  synonymy  and  that  of  the  two  Hystcrosia  species,  presented 
in  this  paper  was  realized  and  admitted  by  Mr.  Kearfott  during  his 
visit  at  the  National  Museum  shortly  after  their  publication,  but  was 
not  published  In'  our  late  friend,  as  intended,  before  his  untimely 
demise. 


222 


COSMOPTERYGIDAE 

PSACAPHORA   EDITIIEI.LA,  II.   sp.      I'l.   XXVIII,   Fig.   11. 

Labial  palpi  light  whitish  straw  colored  with  anterior  edge  purplish  black. 
Face,  head  and  thorax  shiny  purplish  black;  antennae  purplish  black.  Fore- 
wings  shining  golden  red  with  bronzy  black  and  metallic  golden  markings ;  ex- 
treme base  of  wing  black,  which  color  is  continued  narrowly  on  the  costal  edge 
to  basal  fourth  and  broadly  along  the  dorsal  edge  to  basal  third;  the  outer  half 
of  the  dorsal  part  of  this  area  is  heavily  irrorated  transversely  with  metallic  gold 
and  terminates  in  a  tuft  of  raised  scales;  near  the  end  of  this  black  area  is  a 
blunt  irregular  extension  upwards  into  the  cell,  so  strongly  overlaid  with  metallic 
golden  scales  as  to  obscure  the  black  entirely  in  certain  lights  and  appear  solid 
gold;  a  similarly  colored  elongate  spot  on  outer  half  of  the  cell;  an  elongate 
black,  golden  irrorated  spot  on  the  end  of  the  fold,  but  not  touching  the  dorsal 
edge,  terminates  in  a  tuft  of  raised  scales  and  has  a  large  spur  upwards  over 
the  end  of  the  cell ;  the  tufts  of  raised  scales  have  the  lower  scales  pure  white  and 
when  the  tufts  are  pressed  down  in  setting  the  specimen  these  scales  protrude 
and  form  small  white  spots  at  the  edge  of  the  black  and  golden  areas;  just 
beyond  apical  fourth  is  a  conspicuous  white  costal  dash  and  beyond  this  the 
costal,  apical  and  terminal  edges  are  deep  black,  heavily  overlaid  with  metallic 
golden  scales.  Cilia  bronzy  black.  Hindwings  and  cilia  bronzy  black.  Abdomen 
Mack.    Legs  black  with  the  ends  of  the  joints  white. 

Alar  expanse:     16-17.5  mm. 

H.\BiTAT:     Chimney  Gulch,  Golden,  Colorado.     Oslar  coll. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cot\pes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22649). 

A  very  brilliant  moth,  typical  of  the  genus  and  nearest  to  P.  piir- 
piiricUu  Busck,  but  easily  distinguished  by  the  lighter  color,  different 
pattern  and  striking  metallic  golden  wings. 

Named  in  honor  of  Miss  Edith  Horstmann. 

.Stagmatopiiora  vvvattella,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  white  with  base  of  second  joint  and  with  base  and  a  broad 
annulation  on  terminal  joint  black.  Face  and  head  white.  Thorax  black.  Fore- 
wings  black  with  a  strong  purplish  sheen  and  with  silvery  white  markings;  an 
outwardly  oblique  white  streak  from  basal  fourth  of  costa  reacliing  to  the  fold; 
a  similar  but  smaller  streak  on  the  middle  of  costa  and  a  semicircular  white 
costal  spot  at  apical  fourth;  a  silvery  white  spot  on  the  middle  of  dorsal  edge, 
connected  by  white  scales  with  another  white  spot  at  apical  fourth  of  dorsum; 
a  few  scattered  white  scales  at  apex.  Cilia  blackish  fuscous.  Hindwings  dark 
blackish   bmun   with   a   stron.^   purple   sheen;   cilia   blackish    fuscous.      Abdomen 


223 

blackish  brown  with  silvery  underside.  Legs  black  with  broad  white  bars  and 
tarsal  annulation. 

Alar  expanse:     13-16  mm. 

H.^BITAT:  Pales  Park  and  Edgebrook,  Chicago,  Illinois.  A.  K.  Wyatt 
coll. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotype  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  226S0). 

Named  in  honor  of  the  collector.  Very  close  and  similar  in  color 
and  ornamentation  to  Stagmatophora  sexnotclla  Chambers  and  easily 
confused  with  this  species,  but  somewhat  larger  and  differing  in  the 
more  extended  white  markings,  in  the  connected  dorsal  spots  and  in 
the  much  darker  hindwings. 


224 


GELECHIIDAE 

ISOPHRICTIS  ACTIELLA,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi,  face,  head  and  thorax  white.  Forewings  dark  brownish 
fuscous  with  a  greenish  sheen;  a  broad  longitudinal  spindle-shaped  white  streak 
on  the  middle  of  the  wing  from  base  to  the  end  of  the  cell;  an  outwardly  oblique 
white  costal  streak  before  the  cilia,  meeting  a  similar  opposite  dorsal  streak  in 
a  sharp  angle ;  three  white  costal  dashes  and  five  nearly  confluent  dorsal  pencils 
beyond  these  first  streaks;  a  deep  black  basal  line  at  base  of  apical  cilia;  cilia 
white  with  three  parallel  black  lines  beyond  the  black  base.  Hindwings  silvery 
fuscous.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous.  Legs  dark  fuscous  with  narrow  white  annu- 
lations  at  the  end  of  the  joints. 

Alar  expanse:     10-11  mm. 

Habitat:     San  Diego,  California. 

Type  and  cotvpcs  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  L'  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22651). 

A  small  strongly  marked  species,  nearest  Isopliriclis  (Paltodora) 
canicostella  Walsingham,  which  differs  in  the  white  costa  and  other 
details  of  the  pattern. 

All  the  American  species  hitherto  placed  in  the  genus  Paltodora 
IMeyrick  must  be  transferred  to  the  genus  Isophrictis  Meyrick  (  Ent. 
ATo.  Mag.,  \'ol.  LIII,  p.  113,  1917).' 

Epithectis  citrinella,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  light  yellow  with  a  broad  black  annulation  on  the  middle  of 
terminal  joint.  Face,  head  and  thorax  light  yellow ;  base  of  patagina  black. 
Forewings  light  lemon  yellow ;  base  of  costal  edge  black ;  a  black  costal  spot  at 
basal  fourth  and  another  just  beyond  the  middle;  a  small  black  spot  on  dorsal 
edge  at  the  end  of  the  fold  and  three  small  black  dots  along  the  terminal  edge. 
Cilia  dusky.  Hindwings  light  silvery  fuscous.  Abdomen  yellow  with  dusky 
annulations     Legs  yellow  with  black  bars  on  the  front  tibiae. 

Alar  expanse:    8-10  mm. 

Habitat  :     Palmerlee,  Arizona. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypcs  in  LI.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22652). 

Closest  and  quite  similar  to  E.  saniidersclla  Chambers,  but  with 
the  forewings  lighter  yellow,  with  no  black  markings  except  those  men- 
tioned above,  and  with  yellow  thorax. 


225 


Telphusa  baldiana,  n.  sp. 

Labia!  palpi  whitish,  heavily  sprinkled  with  fuscous  and  black  scales  espe- 
cially on  outer  surface;  terminal  joint  with  an  ill  defined  broad  black  annula- 
tion  around  the  middle  and  another  just  before  the  tip.  Face  whitish.  Head 
and  thorax  light  fuscous,  each  scale  tipped  with  white.  Forewings  bluish  white, 
overlaid  with  fuscous,  black  and  brown  scales;  a  rather  well  defined  outwardly 
oblique  fasciae  of  black  raised  scales  from  near  the  base  of  costa  to  basal  fourth 
of  dorsum;  an  ill  defined  light  fuscous  spot  on  the  middle  of  costa;  an  ill  de- 
fined transverse  shade  of  fuscous  over  the  end  of  the  cell,  edged  exteriorly  by  a 
narrow  nearly  unniottled  white  fascia;  at  the  end  of  the  cell  a  short  transverse 
streak  of  black  and  brown  raised  scales,  tip  of  the  wing  well  overlaid  with  fus- 
cous; a  short  longitudinal  black  line  on  the  end  of  veins  5  and  6.  Cilia  light 
fuscous.  Abdomen  light  ochreous  fuscous.  Legs  light  ochreous  with  ill  defined 
fuscous  bars  and  annulations. 

Alar  expanse  :     19-21   mm. 

Habitat  :     Camp  Baldy,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  California. 

Type  and  cotypcs  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  -S.  Nationrd  Museum 
(No.  22653). 

The  largest  described  North  American  species  of  the  genus  and 
easily  distinguished  by  the  deep  black  basal  fascia. 

Aristotelia  monilella,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  white,  second  joint  with  an  indistinct  brown  annulation  near 
the  tip,  terminal  joint  with  two  broad,  blackish  brown  annulations.  Face,  head 
and  collar  yellowish  white.  Thorax  golden  brown.  Forewings  light  golden 
brown;  at  basal  fourth  an  outwardly  oblique  white  transverse  streak,  attenu- 
ated towards  dorsum  and  not  quite  reaching  the  dorsal  edge;  on  the  middle  of 
the  costa  is  an  equilateral  triangular  white  spot  and  at  apical  fourth  an  in- 
wardly directed  triangular  white  spot;  all  of  these  white  spots  are  marginal 
and  continued  across  the  wing  by  black  and  metallic  blue  scales  and  terminate 
on  the  dorsal  edge  in  small  white  spots;  apical  and  terminal  edges  broadly 
velvety  black  with  conspicuous  tufts  of  metallic  blue  scales  around  the  margin. 
Cilia  dark  brown  with  white  tips.  Underside  of  both  wings  brown  and  both 
with  a  large  white  spot  at  apical  fourth.  Abdomen  black,  each  joint  tipped  with 
silvery  white.     Legs  dark  brown  with  white  bars  and  tarsal  annulations. 

Alar  expanse  :     12-13  mm. 

Habitat:     Southern  Pines,  North  Carolina. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22654). 

Very  close  to  Aristotelia  clegantella  Chambers  and  to  A.  argeiiti- 
fera  Busck  and  rivalling  them  in  exquisite  beauty,  but  easily  distin- 
guished from  either  by  the  different  pattern. 


226 

Aristotelia  lindanella,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  white,  second  joint  slightly  shaded  exteriorly  with  reddish 
brown ;  terminal  joint  with  two  anniilations  and  extreme  tip  black.  Face,  head 
and  thorax  light  yellow.  Forewings  yellowish  white ;  extreme  base  of  costa 
black;  at  basal  third  a  broad  blackish  brown  transverse  fascia,  slightly  nearer 
base  at  costa  than  on  the  dorsal  edge;  at  apical  third  is  a  similar  broader  fascia, 
strongly  overlaid  with  brick-red  on  the  dorsal  half  and  touching  on  the  dorsal 
edge  a  third  broad  fascia  across  the  tip  of  the  wing,  which  is  nearly  all  brick 
red  with  only  the  costal  end  blackish  brown;  tip  of  the  wing  white  with  a  few 
scattered  brown  scales.  Cilia  white.  Hindwings  light  whitish  fuscous.  Abdo- 
men yellowish  with  silvery  underside.  Legs  white  with  dark  brown  bars  and 
nearly  black  tarsal  joints. 

Alar  expanse:     10-11   mm. 

Habitat:  Loma  Linda,  San  Bernardino  Co,  and  Olancha,  Inva  Co.,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22655). 

Nearest  to  Aristotelia  bifasciella  Busck,  but  smaller  with  straighter 
fasciae  and  at  once  distinguished  by  the  yellow  head  and  the  brick-red 
shading  on  the  wings. 

Anacampsis  psoraliei.i.a,  n.  sp.    PI.  XXVIII,  Fig,  10. 

Labial  palpi  and  tongue  light  golden  ochreous.  Face,  head  and  thorax 
olivaceous  blackish  brown.  Forewings  nearly  iinicolorous  blackish  brown  with 
apical  fourth  a  shade  lighter;  the  two  shades  are  faintly  but  sharply  defined  by 
a  transverse  line,  which  is  slightly  but  sharply  outwardly  curved  and  pointed 
on  the  middle ;  four  hardly  perceptible  darker  brown  spots,  one  near  the  base, 
one  on  the  middle  of  the  cell,  one  at  the  end  of  the  cell  and  one  on  the  middle 
of  the  fold.  Cilia  dark  brown.  Hindwings  dark  olivaceous  brown  with  the  cilia 
a  shade  lighter.  Abdomen  blackish  brown  with  light  yellowish  underside.  Legs 
yellowish  shaded  exteriorly  with  brown. 

Alar  expanse  :     18-21  mm. 

Habitat:     Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

Food   plant :     Psoralca  argol'liyUj. 

Bred  by  Dr.  A.  W.  Lindsey. 

Type  and  cotype  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotype  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22656). 

Allied  to  A.  liipinrlla  Busck,  Ijut  larger  and  differing  in  the  light 
yellow  labial  palpi. 


227 

Anacampsis  i.ACTiLUSOciiKELi.A  Chambers. 

Gelechia  lacteusochrcUa  Chambers,  1875,  Cinn.  Quart.  Jour.,  Vol. 

11,  p.  244;  Busck,  1903,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  XXV,  p.  897; 

Barnes,  1917.  List  Lep.  Bor.  Am.,  No.  6329. 

This  name,  which  for  nearly  half  a  century  has  been  on  our  list 
as  unrecognized,  we  now  apply  to  a  small  inconspicuous  species  of 
Anacampsis  from  Riverside,  Calif.,  and  South  California,  which  agrees 
well  with  Chambers'  description,  incomplete  as  it  is.  The  species  is 
nearest  A.  crescentifascicUa  Chamb.  and  A.  argyrothamniella  Busck, 
and  good  series  are  fotmd  so  labelled  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  and 
in  collection  Barnes. 

EUCORDYLEA  ELUCIDEM.A.  n.  Sp. 

Second  joint  of  labial  palpi  blackish  brown  with  a  large  ill-defined  white 
annulation  below  the  middle ;  terminal  joint  black  with  two  narrow  diffused 
white  annulations,  one  at  base  and  one  on  the  middle  and  with  extreme  tip 
white;  brush  on  the  inner  side  of  second  joint  in  the  male  large,  dirty  yellowish 
white ;  this  brush  is  not  found  in  the  females.  Antennae  black  with  narrow 
white  annulations.  Face  and  head  yellowish  white,  sprinkled  witli  fuscous. 
Thorax  dark  fuscous.  Forewings  light  gray  with  three  ill-defined  and  obscure 
blackish  dashes  on  costa,  one  at  basal  fourth,  one  on  the  middle  and  one  at 
apical  third ;  these  black  dashes  are  edged  with  white  and  are  faintly  continued 
across  the  wing,  the  first  as  an  outwardly  oblique  narrow  and  broken  fascia, 
the  two  others  straight  across  the  wing;  each  of  these  fascia  is  emphasized  by 
tufts  of  raised  black  scales,  edged  with  white,  two  of  which  on  each  fascia  are 
larger  and  more  persistent  in  the  flown  specimen  than  the  other  markings. 
Cilia  light  fuscous.  Hindwings  light  fuscous;  in  the  males  with  a  large  expan- 
sive bright  yellow  hairtuft  at  base.  Abdomen  ochreous  above  with  fuscous 
underside.     Legs  ochreous  white  barred  and  annulated  with  black. 

Alar  expanse:     11-13  mm. 

Habitat:     San   Diego,   California.     June. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22657). 

The  genus  Eucordylca  Dietz  was  erected  on  the  peculiar  labial  tuft 
and  has  been  known  hitherto  only  from  a  few  males.  The  females  are 
now  found  to  have  palpi  as  normal  in  the  genus  Recurvaria  with  which 
Eucordylea  is  identical  in  venation.  I  postpone  until  a  revision  of  the 
family  the  decision  whether  or  not  the  genus  Eucordylea  can  be  log- 
ically maintained. 


228 

Gf.i.ixhia  spilosella,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  with  well  developed  furrowed  brush,  whitish  fuscous,  mot- 
tled with  dark  fuscous  and  black.  Face  ochreous  fuscous.  Head  and  thorax 
dark  fuscous.  Forewings  dark  fuscous  minutely  irrorated  with  black,  extreme 
tip  of  each  scale  being  black;  a  prominent  blackish  brown  spot  on  the  middle 
of  the  cell  and  another  similar  spot  obliquely  below  it  on  the  fold,  both  partly 
edged  with  light  brown  scales;  a  small  light  brown  spot  on  the  end  of  the  cell 
contains  one  or  sometimes  two  small  black  spots ;  a  very  faint,  hardly  discern- 
able  lighter  fuscous  transverse  shade  across  the  wing  at  apical  fourth,  some- 
times accentuated  by  a  faint  ochreous  costal  spot;  a  few  black  dots  along  the 
terminal  edge  before  the  lighter  fuscous  cilia.  Hindwings  brownish  fuscous 
Abdomen  dark  fuscous  with  basal  joints  velvety  ochreous  above.  Legs  dark 
fuscous  with  narrow  ochreous  tarsal  annulations. 

Alar  expanse :    20-21  mm. 

H.'\bitat:     San   Diego,  California. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22658). 

Gei.echia  retiniella.  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  white.  Face  and  head  white.  Thorax  light  yellow.  Fore- 
wings  white,  heavily  overlaid  with  light  ochreous  scales,  which  only  leaves  the 
white  ground  color  exposed  on  a  very  diffused  outwardly  oblique  fascia  from 
basal  fourth  of  costa  to  basal  third  of  dorsum,  on  a  similarly  ill-defined  trans- 
verse fascia  across  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  on  a  somewhat  better  defined 
transverse  fascia  at  apical  fourth.  Cilia  whitish  fuscous.  Hindwings  silvery 
fuscous.    Abdomen  ochreous.     Legs  dark  ochreous  with  white  annulations. 

Alar  expanse:     18-21  mm. 

Habitat  :     Verdi,   Nevada. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22659). 

Described  from  a  series  placed  by  the  late  Win.  Kearfott  under 
this  name;  the  specimens  are  in  rather  poor  condition,  but  the  species 
is  so  strikingly  different  from  any  described  N.  Am.  species  that  it  is 
deemed  well  to  record  it  especially  as  specimens  probably  have  been 
named  for  collectors.  The  light  ochreous  color  with  the  transverse 
white  fascia  suggest  somewhat  the  genus  Evetria  (Retiiiia). 
Gelechia  xanthophilella,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  light  yellow-,  terminal  joint  sprinkled  with  black  anteriorly. 
Face  and  head  yellowish  white.  Thorax  light  yellow ;  patagina  black.  Fore- 
wings  light  yellow  with  a  blackish  brown  longitudinal  streak  through  the  middle 
of  the  wing  from  base  to  the  middle  of  the  cell,  whence  it  bends  obliquely  up- 
wards to  the  middle  of  costa;  costal  edge  above  this  line  sprinkled  with  black; 
an  ill-defined,   irregular  blackish  brown   fascia  at  apical  third  contains  a  short 


229 

black  transverse  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell.  Cilia  yellowish  white.  Hindwings 
silvery  white  with  jellowish  cilia.  .-Vbilomen  light  silvery  yellow.  Legs  silvery 
yellow  with  dark  tarsal  nnnulations. 

Alar  expanse:     11-14  mm. 

Habitat:     Olancha.  Inya  Co.,  and  La  Puerta  Valley,  California. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Biirnes ;  cotypcs  in  U.  S.  National  Musenm 
(No.  22660). 

A  bright  easily  recognized  little  species  allied  to  Gclecliia  abdom- 
inella  Busck  and  G.  coticola  P.usck. 

Gei.echia  benitella,  n.  sp. 

Second  joint  of  labial  palpi  light  yellow,  terminal  joint  blackish  brown  with 
extreme  base  and  tip  yellow.  Face  and  head  light  yellow.  Thorax  dark  black- 
ish brown  with  a  broad  central  longitudinal  yellow  stripe.  Forewings  dark 
purplish  brown;  a  light  yellow  streak  from  basal  fifth  of  costa  curves  down- 
wards and  outwards  along  the  fold  and  then  upwards,  ending  at  the  end  of  the 
cell ;  it  is  partially  edged  with  black  scales ;  a  light  yellow  triangular  costal  spot 
at  apical  fourth.  Cilia  purplish  fuscous.  Hindwings  light  fuscous.  Abdomen 
dark  fuscous  with  yellowish  base  and  underside.  Legs  purplish  black  with  nar- 
row yellow  tarsal  annulations.  Venation  typical ;  hindwings  with  3  and  4  con- 
nate, 6  and  7  closely  approximate. 

Alar  expanse  :     12-13  mm. 

Habitat  :     San  Benito,  Texas. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes  ;  cotypes  in  V.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22661). 

Probably  nearest  to  Gclecliia  inacqualis  Busck.  The  pattern  re- 
minds somewhat  of  Tclphitsa  longifasciclla  Clemens. 

Gelechia  rectistrigeli,a,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  long,  thin,  second  joint  but  slightly  thickened  by  a  short  even 
brush,  furrowed  in  its  entire  length;  terminal  joint  nearly  as  long  as  second, 
white  sprinkled  with  black  and  brown  scales.  Lower  part  of  face  whitish,  upper 
part  of  face  and  head  light  ochreous.  Thorax  white  evenly  sprinkled  with  dark 
brown.  Forewings  white  with  the  venation  nearly  perfectly  outlined  by  thin 
dark  brown  lines;  on  the  middle  of  costa  a  narrow  blackish  brown  edge,  ter- 
minating at  apical  third  in  a  small  whitish  dash ;  on  the  end  of  the  cell  a  small 
round  black  dot.  Cilia  light  reddish  fuscous,  sprinkled  with  black.  Hindwings 
dark  fuscous  with  ochreous  fuscous  cilia.  Abdomen  light  ochreous  with  whitish 
underside.  Legs  whitish,  heavily  shaded  exteriorly  with  black ;  tarsi  black  with 
very  narrow  ochreous  annulations  at  the  base  of  the  joints. 

Alar  expanse  :    20  mm. 

Habitat:    West  Riverside,  California. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22662). 


230 


Of  the  group  strigella  Busck  and  figurella  Busck,  and  intermediate 
in  size  and  pattern  but  very  distinct  from  either. 

Gelechia  psiloptera,  n.  sp. 

Second  joint  of  labial  palpi  light  yellow,  much  sprinkled  with  black  ex- 
teriorly ;  terminal  joint  black  with  a  few  scattered  yellow  scales.  Face,  head 
and  thorax  shiny  blackish  brown  with  a  purple  sheen.  Forewings  to  the  naked 
eye  shiny  blackish  brown,  nearly  black;  under  a  lens  it  is  seen  that  the  black 
tipped,  closely  applied  scales  have  light  yellow  bases  and  that  the  wing  thereby 
is  finely  dusted  with  yellow;  at  apical  third  is  a  small  indistinct  and  diffused 
yellowish  costal  spot,  an  inconspicuous  purplish  black  spot  at  the  end  of  the 
cell,  another  on  the  middle  of  the  cell  and  a  third  below  this  latter  on  the  fold; 
in  some  specimens  these  spots  are  hardly  discernible  or  absent.  Cilia  blackish 
fuscous.  Hindwings  dark  fuscous  with  cilia  a  shade  lighter.  Abdomen  blackish 
brown.     Legs  light  brown  with  dusky  tarsi. 

Alar  expanse:     16-17  mm. 

Habitat  :     Meach  Lake,  Ottawa  Co.,  Quebec,  Canada. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22663). 

A  shiny  nearly  black  species  with  rather  narrow  pointed  wings. 

DiCHOMERIS  MOLLIS,  n.  sp. 

Tuft  on  second  joint  of  labial  palpi  well  developed,  pointed,  ochreous  on 
the  inner  side,  blackish  brown  exteriorly  except  for  a  thin  w4iite  line  on  the 
upper  edge;  terminal  joint  ochreous  with  white  base  and  with  a  longitudinal 
black  line  in  front.  Face,  head  and  thorax  ochreous  fuscous.  Forewings  light 
ochreous  fuscous  sprinkled  with  black ;  costal  edge  narrowly  and  faintly  touched 
with  brick  red  ;  a  small  inconspicuous  second  discal  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell 
white,  edged  with  black;  a  similar  even  less  conspicuous  dot,  consisting  of  a  few 
scales  on  the  middle  of  the  cell;  a  very  faint  row  of  black  dots  on  the  terminal 
edge,  which  is  slightly  darker  than  the  rest  of  the  wing;  cilia  ochreous  fuscous 
mixed  with  black.  Hindwings  light  fuscous  with  ochreous  fuscous  cilia.  Abdo- 
men ochreous  fuscous  above,  underside  blackish  with  a  central  longitudinal 
broad  ochreous  line.  Legs  blackish  fuscous  on  their  outer  surfaces,  light 
ochreous  on  their  inner  side. 

Alar  expanse :     19-21  mm. 

Habitat:     Redington,  Arizona. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  N;itional  Museum 
(No.  22664). 

This  is  very  close  to  and  may  prove  merely  a  western  variety  of 
D.  georgicUa  Walker  (roseocostella  Walsingham),  but  the  tuft  on  the 
labial  palpi  is  longer  and  more  pointed  and  the  forewings  are  nar- 
rower and  more  imiformly  colored  than  in  the  eastern  species. 


231 


OECOPHORIDAE 

Agonopteryx  callosei.la,  n.  sp.    PI.  XXXVIII,  Fig.  4. 

Labial  palpi  with  well  developed  brush,  decreasing  in  length  towards  base 
and  apex:  terminal  joint  slightly  thickened  with  scales  anteriorly;  light  ochreous; 
second  joint  shaded  exteriorly  with  black;  terminal  joint  with  a  faint  annula- 
tion  on  the  middle  and  with  extreme  tip  black.  Face  light  ochreous.  Head  and 
thorax  reddish  ochreous.  Forewings  reddish  ochreous,  sparsely  sprinkled  with 
black;  first  and  second  discal  spots  small,  deep  black;  n  faint  small  blackish 
cloud  anterior  to  and  above  second  discal  spot;  a  faint  row  of  terminal  black 
dots;  cilia  reddish  ochreous  with  a  purple  sheen.  Hindwings  light  ochreous 
fuscous  with  whitish  fuscous  cilia.  Abdomen  ochreous  with  four  longitudinal 
rows  of  black  dots  on  the  underside.  Legs  ochreous  with  ill-defined  black  tarsal 
anniilations. 

Alar  expanse:     19-23  mm. 

Habitat:  San  Diego,  San  Bernardino  Co.  and  Monachee  ^feadows 
(8000'),  California. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22665). 

Agonopteryx  ptele.^e.  n.  sp.     PI.  XXVIII.  Fi,cr.  13,  PI.  XXXVIII, 

Fig.  1. 

Brush  on  second  joint  of  labial  palpi  largest  in  the  middle,  shorter  towards 
base  and  apex,  furrowed,  light  ochreous,  sprinkled  with  black  and  brown  ex- 
teriorly; terminal  joint  ochreous  with  broad  ill-defined  black  annulation  before 
the  tip.  Face  light  silvery  ochreous.  Head  reddish  ochreous.  Thorax  dark 
ochreous,  mottled  with  brown  and  black  scales;  extreme  posterior  tip  black. 
Forewings  light  ochreous  brown  with  black  markings ;  extreme  dorsal  base 
whitish  ochreous,  broadly  edged  with  black;  a  series  of  ill-defined  black  dots 
on  costal  edge  from  base  to  apical  third;  at  apical  third  a  large  blackish  ill- 
defined  spot,  reaching  down  to  the  end  of  the  cell;  an  indistinct  series  of 
terminal  black  dots  along  the  edge;  first  and  second  discal  spots  small,  black, 
the  latter  obscured  in  the  large  costal  spot;  cilia  ochreous  brown;  the  entire 
wing  and  especially  the  costal  edge  with  a  roughened  aspect,  because  the  scales 
are  slightly  raised,  not  firmly  pressed  down  as  is  normal  in  the  genus.  Hind- 
wings  light  ochreous  fuscous;  base  and  cilia  a  shade  lighter  than  the  rest 
of  the  wing.  Abdomen  light  ochreous  brown  with  two  ill-defined  longitudinal 
rows  of  black  scales  on  the  underside.  Legs  ochreous  brown,  barred  and  an- 
nulated  with  blackish  brown. 

Alar  expanse:     20-22  mm. 

Habitat:     Decatur,  Illinois. 

Food  plant :     Ptelea  trifuliata. 


232 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypcs  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22666). 

Bred  in  a  fine  large  series  from  Hoplree  together  with  A.  nlgri- 
notella  Biisck,  by  Dr.  J.  H.  McDiinnough. 

The  species  reminds  by  the  roughened  scales  of  A.  scabclla  Zel- 
ler  and  is  nearest  to  this  species,  but  easily  distinguished  from  all 
described  N.  Am.  species  by  the  striking  black,  nearly  circular  costal 
spot. 

Agonopteryx  terinella,  n.  sp.    PI.  XXVIII,  Fig.  15. 

Second  joint  of  labial  palpi  with  moderate  evenly  rounded  divided  brush ; 
light  ochreous  sprinkled  with  black  exteriorly ;  terminal  joint  slightly  thickened 
with  scales,  light  ochreous  with  two  pale  blackish  brown  broad  annulations  at 
base  and  around  middle  and  with  extreme  tip  black.  Face  silver}'  ochreous. 
Head  and  thorax  light  ochreous.  Forewings  light  ochreous,  sprinkled  with 
blackish  brown ;  the  scarcely  paler  ochreous  basal  and  costal  area  is  limited  by 
a  dark  brown  shade;  on  the  middle  of  the  cell  are  two  obliquely  placed  small 
blackish  brown  dots ;  a  similar  second  discal  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell  is 
preceded  by  a  small  dusky  area  on  the  upper  part  of  the  cell ;  a  series  of  obscure 
small  brown  costal  spots  and  a  more  pronounced  and  better  defined  row  of 
terminal  marginal  spots.  Cilia  light  ochreous.  Hindwings  pale  ochreous  fuscous 
with  whitish  ochreous  cilia.  Abdomen  ochreous  fuscous  above;  underside  ochre- 
ous with  two  longitudinal  rows  of  black  dots. 

Alar  expanse:    23-24  mm. 

Habitat:     Silverton,  Colorado 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22667). 

Agonopteryx  blaceli.a,  n.  sp.     PI.  XXXVIII,  Fig.  2. 

Brush  on  second  joint  trumpet  shaped,  gradually  larger  towards  apex; 
light  ochreous  gray,  dusted  with  black  exteriorly;  terminal  joint  light  ochreous 
with  two  ill-defined  black  annulations,  one  near  base  and  one  near  apex  and 
with  extreme  apex  black.  Face  silvery  ochreous.  Head  and  thorax  blackish 
fuscous,  the  latter  with  a  small  posterior  bifid  tuft  of  raised  scales.  Fore- 
wings  dark  ochreous  fuscous,  slightly  sprinkled  with  single  black  scales;  dorsal 
half  of  extreme  base  whitish  ochreous,  edged  exteriorly  with  black;  a  series 
of  small  ill-defined  black  dots  on  basal  third  of  costa ;  two  obliquely  placed 
small  tufts  of  black  scales  on  the  middle  of  the  cell,  the  outer  one  edged  with 
a  few  yellowish  scales,  followed  by  a  cloudy  area  at  the  upper  edge  of  the  cell, 
somewhat  darker  than  the  rest  of  the  wing;  second  discal  spot  indistinct,  white, 
circular  and  edged  with  black  scales ;  midway  between  first  and  second  discal  spot 
a  minute  yellowish  dot;  a  faintly  indicated  series  of  blackish  dots  around  apical 
and  terminal  edge ;  sometimes  a  small  faint  dark  cloud  before  tornus ;  cilia 
concolorous    with    the    wing.      Hindwings    shiny    light    ochreous    fuscous    with 


233 

whitish  fuscous  cilia.  Abdomen  dark  fuscous  above;  underside  light  ochreous 
with  four  longitudinal  rows  of  black  dots,  which  are  more  or  less  confluent 
in  the  males.     Legs  light  ochreous,  shaded  Exteriorly  with  blackish  brown. 

Alar  expanse  :     19-24  mm. 

Habit.\t:     Shasta  Retreat  and  Truckee,  California. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22068). 

Agonopteryx  latipalpella,  n.  sp. 

Second  joint  of  labial  palpi  with  strong,  evenly  rounded,  divided  brush; 
light  ochreous,  sprinkled  with  single  black  scales;  apical  joint  heavily  thick- 
ened with  scales  nearly  to  the  tip,  light  ochreous  with  an  ill-defined  black 
annulation  at  base  and  a  similar  one  on  the  middle.  Face,  head  and  thora.x 
ochreous  fuscous.  Collar  narrowly  black.  Forewings  light  fuscous  ochreous, 
sparsely  sprinkled  with  black;  extreme  base  light  ochreous,  edged  with  black; 
the  light  shade  continues  faintly  along  the  costa,  hardly  paler  than  the  rest 
of  the  wing;  a  series  of  black  cloudy  costal  spots;  a  small,  easily  obliterated, 
white  first  discal  spot  with  a  more  persistent  black  basal  edge;  a  larger  round 
white  second  discal  dot  encircled  by  black  scales;  cilia  ochreous.  Hind  wings 
ochreous  fuscous  with  lighter  ochreous  cilia.  Abdomen  fuscous  above,  under- 
side ochreous  with  two  black  longitudinal  lines. 

Alar  expanse  :     17-19  mm. 

Habitat:     Brownsville  and  San  Benito,  Texas. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  Xalional  Museum 
(No.  22669). 

Depressaria  groteella  Robinson. 

1870,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  IX,  p.  157,  PI,  I,  Fig.  10. 

Depressaria  synitnochlota  Meyrick. 

1918,  Exot.  Micros.  Vol.  II.  p.  223. 

The  larva  of  Depressaria  groteella  Robinson  feeds  on  Corylus  and 
has  apparently  been  redescribed  by  Meyrick  as  D.  symmochlota.  A 
bred  series  from  Sebec  Lake.  Maine,  exhibits  some  variation  especially 
in  size  and  in  the  more  or  less  obscure  angulated  thin  fascia  across  the 
veins  of  the  forewings  but  agrees  in  every  detail  with  Meyrick's  de- 
scription and  his  name  may  with  advantage  be  placed  as  a  synonym 
of  Robinson's  species  provisionally  at  least  until  an  examination  of  the 
unique  type  in  England  can  be  made. 

We  take  occasion  to  point  out  the  inconvenience  of  descriptions 
from  single  specimens  of  American  Microlepidoptera  by  European 
authors,   such  as  those  by   Mr.   Meyrick   in   the   same  paper    (Exot. 


234 

Micros,  \'ol.  II,  ]i.  Z2.\  1918)  of  two  I'frprcssaria  from  Colorado. 
Everybody  knows  that  iIktu  are  additional  undescribed  species  of 
Dcprcssaria  in  Colorado  and  the  merest  beginner  can  easily  describe 
such  from  stray  specimens  in  his  possession ;  such  descriptions  how- 
ever are  not  advancing  our  knowledge,  but  retarding  it.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  determine  such  a  species  with  certainty  from  even  the  best 
description  in  a  group  of  so  many  and  so  closely  similar  species  as 
Agotiopteryx  and  Dcprcssaria,  at  least  not  without  a  most  careful 
figure  of  the  moth  and  its  genitalia,  and  our  exact  knowledge  of  such 
insect  is  therefore  suspended  until  someone  can  go  to  England  and 
compare  specimens  with  the  unicjue  type  in  !\lr.  Meyrick's  private 
collection. 

This  kind  of  work  was  excusable  and  even  defensible  fifty  years 
ago,  when  the  American  fauna  was  little  known  and  when  every  au- 
thorative  determination  extended  our  knowledge  of  geographical  dis- 
tribution, if  nothing  more.  It  may  again  become  of  value,  when  the 
fauna  eventually  shall  be  so  well  known  as  it  is  in  Europe,  when  any 
deviating  variety  described  can  easily  be  recognized  and  assigned  to 
its  proper  position  as  species  or  variety  as  the  case  may  be,  but  at  the 
present  time,  when  we  are  struggling  with  many  as  yet  unrecognized 
described  species  and  are  trying  to  acquire  sound  knowledge  of  our 
fauna  through  the  collection  of  large  series  and  careful  breeding,  any 
stray  description  from  "Colorado,  7000  feet,  one  specimen,"  is  a  hind- 
rance pure  and  simple  to  our  knowledge,  not  an  advance  as  a  descrip- 
tion should  be. 

Colorado  has  an  area  of  over  100,000  square  miles,  more  than 
England  and  .Scotland  together,  and  it  has  a  thousand  ditTerent  locali- 
ties of  7000  feet  altitude.  Mow  would  Mr.  Meyrick  consider  a  locality 
for  a  new  species  given  as ;  Great  Britain,  without  indication  whether 
it  came  from  Cornwall  or  Aberdeen  ?  It  is  a  regrettable  fact  that  the 
most  of  the  "unrecognized"  species  in  our  American  lists  and  empty 
spaces  in  our  American  collections  are  no  longer  those  of  Chambers, 
whose  many  insufficiently  described  species  hitherto  have  been  our 
main  difficulty,  but  are  those  of  our  eminent  colleague  in  England, 
whose  genius  and  indefatigable  diligence  has  advanced  the  knowledge 
of  the  world's  inicro-fauna  more  than  any  other  past  or  present  worker 
and  to  whom  the  American  student  otherwise  is  greatly  indebted  for 
his  continued  liberal  assistance. 


235 

We  have  siuli  profound  and  often  expressed  admiration  for  our 
eminent  English  friend  that  we  trust  no  offense  can  be  provoked  b)' 
our  earnest  desire  not  to  see  him  spasmodically  descend  to  the  level 
of  his,  often  undeservedly,  abused  countryman,  Francis  Walker,  and 
without  his  excuse. 
BoRKHAUSENiA  HAVDENELLA,  Chambers.     PI,  XXXVIII,  Fig.  5. 

Blepharocera  Iiaydenella,  Chambers. 

1877,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Ill,  p.  145. 

Chambersia  liaydeiiclla,  Riley. 

1908,  Busck,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus..  Vol.  XXXV,  p.  187. 

1917,  Barnes,  List  Lep.  Bor.  Am.,  No.  6503. 

This  species  which  has  remained  unrecognized  since  its  descrip- 
tion in  1877  from  a  unique  specimen  from  Colorado  in  spite  of  consid- 
erable effort  to  place  it,  is  now  definitely  determined  and  we  are  able 
to  dispose  of  the  long  standing  empty  generic  name  Chambersia  Riley. 
The  credit  for  this  interesting  identification  is  entirely  due  to  our 
friend  Dr.  J.  H.  McDunnough.  who  collected  and  determined  three 
male  specimens  at  Silverton,  Colorado.  We  have  carefully  gone  over 
the  generic  and  specific  characters  and  find  it  to  be  a  very  distinct  spe- 
cies of  the  genus  Borkhausenia. 

It  is  generically  identical  in  all  respects  with  the  Australian  genus 
Crossophora  Meyrick,  which  was  separated  from  Borkhausenia  only 
by  the  somewhat  longer  ciliation  of  the  male  antennae,  a  character 
also  found  in  our  N.  Am.  B.  ascriptrlla  Rusck  and  as  already  stated 
(Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Vol.  XXX\',  p.  204.  1908)  a  character  which 
can  not  be  maintained  as  of  generic  value. 


236 


STENOMIDAE 

The  family  Stenomidae  is  the  prevalent  family  of  Microlepidop- 
tera  in  Central  and  South  America  and  comprises  there  many  hun- 
dred species  of  remarkable  specific  diversity  in  color,  size  and  shape, 
but  with  little  generic  differentiation. 

North  of  the  Rio  Grande  the  family  is  represented  only  by  the 
few  species  tabulated  below. 

The  family  can  be  recognized  by  the  following  characters:  Labia! 
palpi  long  recurved,  second  joint  smooth,  terminal  joint  pointed.  Male 
antennae  ciliate,  female  antennae  simple ;  no  pecten  on  first  antennal 
joint.  Forewings  with  12  veins  (sometimes  11  by  veins  2  and  3 
united)  ;  apical  veins  separate  (in  one  small  central  American  genus 
8  and  9  stalked) ;  7  separate  to  termen  or  apex  (in  one  south  American 
genus,  Gonioterma,  vein  8  also  to  termen)  ;  2-3  and  4  variable  in  posi- 
tion, sometimes  even  within  the  species,  separate,  connate  or  stalked ; 
2  and  3  sometimes  coincident.  Hindwings  broader  than  the  forewings 
with  rounded  termen ;  6  and  7  stalked ;  3  and  4  connate,  stalked  or  co- 
incident ;  5  approximate  to,  connate  or  stalked  with  4.  Posterior  tibiae 
hairy  above.  Male  genitalia  with  peculiar  spatulate,  forked  hairs,  so 
far  as  I  know,  not  found  in  any  other  family  of  Microlepidoptera. 

The  male  genitalia  of  the  Microlepidoptera  present  most  val- 
uable characters  for  the  classification  and  each  family  type  of  these 
organs  can  rarely  be  confused  with  those  of  any  other  family.  Nor- 
mally the  genus  is  also  well  characterized  by  the  genitalia  and  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  groups  (Coleophoridae  and  Sesiidac),  in  which  a 
remarkable  uniformity  is  found,  the  specific  identity  is  nearly  always 
clearly  expressed  in  the  male  genitalia,  if  nowhere  else  then  in  the 
armature  of  the  penis.  Several  hundred  slides  made  during  the  last 
year  by  Mr.  Carl  Heinrich  and  myself  prove  beyond  adventure,  that 
we  shall  eventually  be  able  to  determine  with  certainty  any  Micro- 
lepidopteron  (possibly  with  the  above  mentioned  few  group  excep- 
tions) by  its  genitalia  alone. 

The  specific  characters  in  these  organs  are  commonly  so  striking 
as  to  afford  much  easier  and  surer  differentiation  between  closely 
allied  species  than  the  wing  coloration  and  this  fact  makes  the  geni- 


237 

talia  of  particular  value  in  the  determination  of  the  specific  identity  or 
non-identity  of  closely  allied  forms  in  different  continents  or  faunal 
areas,  and  of  the  various  forms  in  species,  which  exhibit  great  variety 
in  color  and  wing  pattern.  Differences  of  opinion  as  to  the  identity  or 
non-identity  of  such  forms  may  at  once  be  changed  from  individual 
speculation  to  scientific  certainty  by  a  comparison  of  the  male  genitalia 
of  the  forms  in  question.  The  structure  of  the  male  genitalia  is  nor- 
mally too  intricate  for  successful  photographic  reproduction  and  really 
satisfactory  figures  must  be  drawn  under  the  specialists'  close  super- 
vision ;  but  in  very  many  cases  can  the  species  be  definitely  recognized 
from  a  good  photograph  of  its  male  genitalia  alone  and  it  has  been 
deemed  worth  while  to  so  illustrate  in  this  paper  examples  of  various 
forms  in  the  different  micro-families  in  the  hope  to  stimulate  further 
study  and  more  perfect  illustration  of  these  absorbingly  interesting 
organs,  which  will  give  much  new  light  and  aid  to  the  proper  classifi- 
cation of  the  Microlepidoptera. 

We  like  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  Lord  Walsingham  first 
used  these  organs  for  specific  differentiation  in  the  present  family 
thirty  years  ago  (Insect  Life,  Vol.  II,  1889)  and  that  his  few  simple 
genitalia  characters  then  given  for  his  new  species  in  the  genus 
Stenoma  enable  their  recognition. 

Incidentally  it  may  be  stated  that  the  genus  Mcncsta  Clemens, 
which  Walsingham  at  that  time  considered  allied  to  Stenoma  and  the 
relationship  of  which  has  since  been  in  dispute  and  of  some  uncer- 
tainty, due  to  the  reduced  and  superficially  Stcnomid-Wkt  venation,  is 
conclusively  proven  by  its  genitalia  not  to  be  a  Stenomid  but  a  Gelechid. 

Only  two  genera  of  this   family  is  at  present   recognized   from 
North  America  north  of  Mexico ;  they  may  be  separated  as  follows : 
Forewings  with   11  veins;  2  and  3  coincident:   Hindwings,  with  7  veins; 

3  and  4  coincident Mcitcsloinorpha   Walsingham 

Forewings  with   12  veins;  Hindwings  witli  8  veins Stenoma  Zeller 

Genus  Menestomorph.\  Walsingham. 

1907,  Proc.  U.  -S.  Nat.  Museum,  \"ol.  NNXIII,  p.  214. 

Type  :   :!/.  oblongata  Wlsm. 

Forewings  with  11  veins;  7  to  apex;  2  and  .3  coincident,  stalked 
with  4.    Hindwings  with  7  veins ;  3  and  4  coincident,  connate  with  5. 

Only  one  species  is  at  present  recognized. 


238 

^Ienestomorpiia  oblongata  Walsingliam.    PI.  XXX,  Fig.  8. 

Reared  from  Cynipid  gall  on  Oak,  Fort  Grant,  Arizona. 
Genus  Stenoma  Zeller. 

1839,  Isis,  p.  195. 

Type :  5".  litura,  Zeller. 

Forewings  with  12  veins ;  7  to  terincn  or  apex ;  2  and  3  separate, 
connate  or  stalked ;  4  free.  Hindwings  with  8  veins ;  3  and  4  connate 
or  stalked ;  6  and  7  stalked. 

The  species  at  present  recognized  in  North  America  may  be  sep- 
arated as  follows : 

Forewings  not  unicolored  1 

Forewings  unicolored  or  nearly  so,  with  only  second  discal  spot  darker      7 

1  Uncus  simple    2 

Uncus  forked 6 

2  Forewings  with  costa  white 3 

Forewings  with  costa  not  white Iiumilis  Zeller 

3  Forewings  with   faint  longitudinal  ochreous  lines crumbitclla  Wlsm. 

Forewings  without  longitudinal  lines 4 

4  Forewings  with  pronounced  black  second  discal  spots ircnc  Busck 

Forewings  without  defined  spot  at  end  of  cell 5 

5  Forewings  with  dorsal  dark  area  interrupted  at  apical  tliird ;  left  clasp- 

ing organ  of  $  genitalia  forked schlaegeri  Zeller 

Forewings  with  dorsal  dark  area  continued  beyond   apical  third ;  left 

clasping  organ  of    3    genitalia  simple lindseyi  Busck 

6  Forewings  narrow,  pointed;  termen  very  oblique:  Hindwings,  triangu- 

lar pointed    furcata  Wlsm. 

Forewings  broader,  rounded;  termen  less  oblique;  Hindwings  rounded 

algidclla  Walker 

7  Ground  color  of  forewings  white 8 

Ground  color  not  white 9 

8  Forewings  pure  white  with  black  second  discal  spots vcstalis  Zeller 

Forewings  yellowish  white  without  discal  spots thomasi  Busck 

9  Forewings  dark  brown    dccoraseUa  Busck 

Forewings  grayish  or  ochremis  stone  colored 10 

10  Forewings  ochreous unij^unctclta  Clemens 

Forewings  grayish    11 

11  Forewings  with  apex  pointed;  with  single  black  dot  at  the  end  of  the 

cell   mistrella  Busck 

Forewings  with  apex  rounded;  with  two  black  dots  at  end  of  cell 12 

12  Occurring  in  Eastern  or  Central  States qucrciella  Busck 

Described  from  California osscclla  Wlsm. 


239 

This  last  species,  5".  osseella  IValsingham,  is  known  only  from  the 
two  female  types  in  Zeller's  collection,  now  in  the  British  Museum, 
supposed  to  have  come  from  California.  By  the  description  it  cannot 
be  differentiated  froin  the  eastern  S.  qiierciclla  Busck,  and  it  may  ulti- 
mately prove  that  this  name  is  a  synonym  of  osseella,  but  to  this  date 
no  specimen  of  querciella  has  been  received  from  California;  in  fact, 
tho  very  considerable  collecting  has  been  done  of  late  years  on  the 
west  coast  no  species  of  Stenonia  has  been  obtained  west  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  and  the  family  is  apparently  not  represented  there.  I  am 
therefore  inclined  to  doubt  the  locality  given  to  the  Zeller  specimens, 
which  may  prove  to  come  from  central  or  South  America. 

All  the  North  American  species  of  Stenoma  may  readily  be  deter- 
mined by  their  striking  characters  of  the  male  genitalia  shown  on 
plates  XXIX  and  XXX. 

Stenoma  lindseyi,  n.  sp.    PI.  XXIX,  Fig.  2. 

Closely  allied  to  and  very  similar  in  size  and  color  to  Stenoma  schlaegeri, 
of  which  it  is  the  western  representative;  but  the  forewings  are  somewhat 
longer,  narrower  and  more  pointed  and  the  dark  dorsal  area,  which  in  schlaegeri 
is  interrupted  by  white  shortly  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing,  is  continued  to 
tornus.  Hindwings  of  the  males  dark  brownish  or  blackish  fuscous,  very  con- 
siderably darker  than  those  of  schlaegeri.  The  genitalia  of  the  male  are  nearest 
to  those  of  schlaegeri,  asymmetrical  and  with  uncus  simple  as  in  this  species, 
but  with  the  left  antlerlike  organ  hooked,  not  forked  and  with  a  differently 
shaped  oedeagus. 

Alar  expanse  :    25-28  mm. 

Habitat:     Paradise  and  White  Mts.,  Arizona;  Fort  Wingate,  New  Mexico. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22670). 

Named  in  honor  of  Dr.  A.  W.  Lindsey,  who  in  many  ways  has 
materially  assisted  in  the  preparation  of  this  paper  and  who  has  been 
good  enough  to  draw  the  genitalia  for  this  family,  which  were  found 
to  be  uiisuited  for  photographic  reproduction. 

Stenoma  irene,  n.  sp.    PI.  XXVIII,  Fig.  7.  9;  PI.  XXX,  Fig.  I. 

Labial  palpi  white,  slightly  shaded  with  dark  fuscous  exteriorly.  Face  and 
head  white.  Thorax  dark  fuscous  with  a  proportionately  large  bluish  black 
rounded  posterior  tuft.  Forewings  of  the  females  white  with  the  extreme  base 
of  dorsal  edge  dark  fuscous,  a  conspicuous  deep  black  short  transverse  streak 
on  the  end  of  the  cell;  a  faint,  ill-defined  fuscous  shade  below  this  to  tornus; 
a   very   faint  narrow  transverse,  outwardly  curved,    fuscous   line  across  apical 


240 

part  of  the  wing;  in  some  specimens  a  cloudy  spot  on  the  middle  of  dorsum 
Cilia  white.  The  males  have  entire  basal  fifth  of  the  wing  blackish  brown  and 
have  besides  the  pattern  of  the  female  additional  cloudj-  ill-defined,  more  or 
less  transverse  areas  on  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  across  apical  third;  also 
an  interrupted  line  of  small  black  marginal  dots.  Hindwings  light  whitish  fus- 
cous. Anterior  legs  dark  brown  on  their  outer  side ;  other  legs  white  with  dusky 
tarsi. 

Alar  expanse  :     19-20  mm. 

Habitat  :     Brownsville  and  San  Benito,  Texas. 

Type  and  cotvpes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22671). 

Intermediate  in  color  between  S.  algidella  Walker  and  5".  vcslalis 
Zeller,  smaller  than  either,  and  differing  from  both  in  the  single  simple 
uncus  and  by  the  dark  basal  area  of  the  forcwings  in  the  male. 

Named  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Winifred  Irene  Lindscy. 
Stenoma  thomasi,  n.  sp.    PI.  XXX,  Fig.  5. 

Labial  palpi,  face,  head,  thorax  and  forewings  yellowish  creamy  white 
without  any  markings.  Hindwings  pale  yellowish  white  with  cilia  pure  wliite. 
Abdomen  creamy  white.    Legs  white  with  dusky  tarsal  joints. 

Alar  expanse:     21-24  mm. 

Habitat:  Palmerlee,  Paradise  and  H\iachuca  Mts.,  Arizona;  .Mbuqucrque, 
New  Mexico. 

Type  and  cotypcs  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22672). 

Nearest  in  size  and  color  to  Stenoma  crambitella  Walsingham,  but 
without  the  indistinct  longitudinal  markings  and  the  minute  second 
discal  spot  of  this  species;  also  very  distinct  in  the  male  genitalia; 
(compare  Figs.  5  and  7,  PI.  XXX);  the  attenuated  cleft  uncus  dis- 
tinguishes this  species  from  all  described  North  American  species  of 
the  genus. 


241 


ETHMIIDAE 

The  North  American  species  of  this  family  have  been  carefully 
studied  anew  with  the  advantage  of  very  large  series  of  nearly  all  of 
them;  several  were  hitherto  known  from  a  few  or  single  representa- 
tives. All  but  one  of  the  described  species  are  figured  on  Plates  XX\'I 
and  XXVII.  We  are  under  obligation  to  Rev.  Joseph  de  Gryse  of 
Staunton,  \'irginia,  for  the  drawings  which  are  photographed  on  Plate 
XXVI.  The  genitalia  are  shown  on  Plates  XXXI\',  XXXV  and 
XXXVI. 

The  value  of  the  genitalia  in  this  family  was  first  demonstrated 
by  Dr.  Harrison  G.  Dyar  in  his  revisional  paper  (Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc, 
\'ol.  X.  p.  202-208,  1902)  and  his  descriptions  of  these  organs  readily 
enable  the  recognition  of  most  of  the  species.  A  few  species,  sus- 
pected by  him  to  be  synonyms,  have  proven  to  be  so  by  further  study 
and  the  synonymy  is  given  below. 

The  genitalia  of  this  family  demonstrates  clearly  the  value  as 
well  as  the  limitations  of  photographic  reproduction  of  these  organs. 
Some  species  exhibit  an  extraordinary  diversity  of  these  structures, 
which  can  readily  be  recognized  from  a  photograph,  while  other  un- 
doubtedlv  distinct  species  have  attained  or  retained  a  most  remarkable 
similarity  in  these  highly  developed  structures,  which  is  apt  to  confuse 
in  a  study  of  the  photographs  if  not  accompanied  by  a  careful  com- 
parison of  the  actual  organs  under  the  microscope. 

Ethmi.\  .\RCTOST.\riiYLELLA  Walsingham.     PI.  XXVI,  Figs.  10-11-12; 

PI.  XXXIV,  Fig.  6. 

1880,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  88. 
n.  syns : 

Ethinia  obscitrcUa  Ceutenmuller. 

1888,  Ent.  Amer.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  29. 

Etitinia  mcdiella  Busck. 

1913,  Jour.  Ent.  &  Zool.,  Vol.  V,  p.  99. 

Large  series  clearly  indicate  that  these  names  stand  only  for  va- 
rieties of  one  species,  which  grade  into  each  other.     The  genitalia  are 


242 

identical   (PI.  XXXIV,  Fig.  6).     The  names  may  with  atlvantage  be 
retained  for  the  extreme  varieties. 

Ethmia  DiSLOSTKifiELLA  Chambers.     PI.  XXVI.  Fig.  14;  PI.  XXVII. 
Fig.  10;  PI.  XXXIV,  Fig.  9. 

1877,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  122. 
n.  syn: 

Ethmia  subcaerulea  Walsingham. 

1880,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  p.  89. 

Very  large  series  of  discostrigella  show  considerable  variation  and 
all  gradations  to  the  form  described  by  Walsingham  are  found.  The 
genitalia  are  identical. 

Ethmia  apicipunctella  Chambers.     PI.  XXVI,  Fig.  15 ;  PI.  XXXVI, 

Fig.  7. 

1875.  Can.  Ent.,  Vol.  VII,  p.  8. 
n.  syn : 

Ethmia  zavalla  Busck. 

1915.  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XVII,  p.  84. 

PI.  XXVI,  Fig.  15;  PI.  XXXVI,  Fig.  7. 

Large  series  prove  this  synonym  beyond  question.     The  genitalia 
of  the  species  are  shown  on  PI.  XXXVI,  Fig.  — . 
Ethmia  hagenella  Chambers.     PI.  XXVII,  Figs.  7,  8;  PI.  XXXV, 

Fig.  4. 

1878,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  IV,  p.  80. 
n.  syn : 

Ethmia  josephinella  Dyar. 
1902,  Jour.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc,  X,  p.  205. 

The  two  forms  of  pattern  grade  into  each  other  and  represent 
only  one  species;  the  genitalia  are  shown  PI.  XXXV,  Fig.  4. 

Ethmia  geranella.  n.  sp.  PI.  XXVII,  Fig.  3;  PI.  XXXIV,  Fig.  7. 
Labial  palpi  whitish  gray,  sprinkled  with  black;  second  joint  with  a  broad 
ill-defined  black  annulation  near  the  tip;  terminal  joint  with  a  narrow  ill-defined 
annulation  near  the  base  and  another  near  apex.  Face  and  head  whitish 
strongly  overlaid  with  black  and  dark  brown  scales.  Thorax  blackish  with  a 
few  white  scales  intermixed  and  with  the  tips  of  patagia  white.  Forewings 
narrow,  apex  pointed,  termen  very  oblique;  bluish  white  overlaid  with  dark 
brown  scales;  a  broad  longitudinal  streak  through  the  middle  of  the  wing  from 


243 

base  to  apex  of  black,  brown  and  yellow  scales  is  interrupted  at  the  end  of  tlie 
cell  by  an  oblique  pure  white  dash;  cilia  bluish  white,  mixed  with  gray  and  black. 
Hindwings  fuscous  white  with  purer  white  cilia.  Abdomen  whitish  fuscous. 
Legs  blackish,  sprinkled  with  white  ami   with  narrow  white  tarsal  annulations. 

Alar  expanse :     21-22  mm. 

Habitat  :     La  Puerta  Valley,  South  California. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22673). 

Very  similar  and  closely  allied  to  the  eastern  Etiimia  viacelhosi- 
ella,  Busck,  with  same  pattern  less  boldly  outlined,  differing  in  the 
whitish  hindwings  and  the  smaller  size.  The  male  genitalia  also  show 
good  distinguishing  characters  (PI.  XXXIV,  Fig.  7). 


244 


COLEOPHORIDAE 

COLEOPHORA    KEARFOTTELLA,    11.    sp. 

Labial  palpi  without  projecting  tuft,  smooth;  both  joints  somewhat  thick- 
ened with  scales ;  terminal  joint  blunt,  white.  Antennae  vvitli  basal  joint  en- 
larged with  heavy  scaling  and  the  following  two  joints  also  somewhat  thick- 
ened, white  with  black  annulations.  Face  silvery  white.  Head  light  golden 
ochreous.  Thorax  white.  Forewings  light  golden  ochreous,  the  color  becoming 
gradually  deeper  towards  apex,  which  is  golden  brown ;  a  broad  margin  along 
costa  from  base  to  beyond  apical  fifth  silvery  white;  dorsal  edge  from  base 
to  cilia  narrowly  silvery  white;  a  thin  silvery  white  line  along  the  fold  from  base 
to  the  middle  of  the  wing;  the  space  between  these  latter  two  white  lines  is  very 
pale  golden  yellow;  dorsal  cilia  whitish;  apical  cilia  golden  ochreous.  Hind- 
wings  light  silvery  fuscous.  Abdomen  dusky  white  above,  silvery  white  on  the 
underside.     Legs  white. 

Alar   expanse:     11-12   mm. 

Habitat:     Essex  Co.,  N.  Jersey. 

Foodplant :    Salix. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotypes  in  \J.  S,  National  Museum 
(No.  22674). 

Named  in  honor  of  our  late  friend  W.  D.  Kearfott,  who  bred  this 
interesting  species  and  had  it  set  apart  as  probably  new. 

The  case  is  curiously  made  of  silk  and  budscales  of  the  foodplant 
into  a  rough,  irregular,  very  deceiving  cover,  nearly  as  broad  as  long, 
somewhat  flattened  and  with  the  edges  of  the  budscales  protruding; 
mouth  at  a  very  oblique  angle,  nearly  horizontal.  The  species  is  near 
to  Coleophora  cretaticostclla,  Clemens,  but  of  a  darker,  more  reddish 
yellow  color  and  at  once  distinguished  by  its  case ;  it  resembles  also 
the  Californian  C.  accordclla.  Walsingham,  but  is  much  smaller  and 
paler. 

B.ATRACiiEDRA  KNABi  Walsingham.     PI.  XXXVII,  Fig.  4. 

1909  and  1914,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Vol.  IV,  pp.  9  and  320     PI.  I,  Fig.  8. 

1912,  Busck.  Smithsonian  Misc.  Coll ,  Vol.  LIX,  p.  2. 

This  interesting  and  striking  species,  known  hitherto  from  the 
unique  female  type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  from  Cordova,  Mexico, 
has  been  recognized  in  good  series  of  both  sexes  from  Brownsville, 
Texas,  and  from  Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Arizona.  Specimens  in  U.  S. 
National  Museum  and  in  Collection  Barnes. 


245 


HELIODINIDAE 

Heliodines  ciccella,  n.  sp. 

Labial  palpi  golden  yellow  with  dusky  tip.  Face  and  head  dark  purplish 
brown.  Antennae  brown.  Collar  yellowish.  Thorax  dark  lead  color.  Fore- 
wings  light  golden  reddish  ochreous;  six  nearly  equidistant  metallic,  silvery  blue 
costal  spots;  the  first  at  extreme  base,  all  edged  basally  with  black;  the  middle 
pair  connected  or  nearly  so  with  black  scales  on  their  lower  edge ;  the  outer 
pair  likewise  connected  by  a  line  of  black  and  sometimes  with  the  metallic 
color  partly  fused;  five  very  uneven  metallic  dorsal  spots;  the  first  narrow 
along  basal  fifth  of  dorsum,  narrowly  edged  above  with  black;  the  second 
small,  round,  edged  basally  with  black  and  with  a  few  black  scales  on  its  outer 
side;  the  third  and  largest  elongate,  occupies  the  middle  of  dorsum  and  is  edged 
with  black  basally;  the  fourth  at  base  of  cilia  similar  to  but  a  little  larger  than 
the  second  and  also  edged  with  black  basally;  the  fifth  a  narrow  silvery  line 
along  terman  edged  above  with  black;  on  the  middle  of  the  cell  is  a  narrow 
longitudinal  silvery  spot,  enlarged  upward  basally  and  sometimes  connected 
with  the  third  costal  spot.  Cilia  dark  greenish  fuscous.  Hindwings  blackish 
brown  with  a  purple  sheen.  Cilia  blackish  fuscous.  Abdomen  and  legs  dark 
purplish  brown. 

Alar  expanse:     16-17  mm. 

Habitat:     Palmerlee,  Arizona. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Rarues ;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No   22675). 


246 


PLUTELLIDAE 

Plutfxla  armoraciae  Busck. 

1913,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIY.  p.  219. 
n.  syn : 

Plutella  monocldora  Meyrick. 

1914,  Exot.  Micros.  I,  p.  228. 

Suspecting  that  Mr.  Meyrick  might  have  redescribed  the  Colorado 
horseradish  pest  as  P.  monochlora,  the  writer  sent  him  cotypes  of 
P.  armoraciae  in  1914  for  comparison  with  the  unique  type  of  mono- 
chlora, described  from  Colorado.  5000  feet  alt. 

Mr.  Meyrick  immediately  recognized  it  as  his  species  and  wrote 
me  to  that  effect.  It  is  due  to  an  oversight  on  the  writer's  part,  that 
the  two  names  were  placed  separately  in  Barnes'  List  Lep.  Bor.  Am. 
as  Nos.  7676  and  7682. 

Harpipteryx  xylostella  Linne.    PI.  XXYIII,  Fig.  12. 

This  well  known  European  species  has  been  identified  from  North 
Eastern  United  States  and  has  been  bred  by  Mr.  S.  A.  Shaw  at  Hamp- 
ton, New  Hampshire,  from  Honeysuckle  (Loniccre) ,  the  same  food- 
plant  as  recorded  in  Europe. 

The  species  is  close  to  and  nearly  identical  in  the  pattern  of  the 
forewing  to  our  western  //.  dcntifcrella  Walsingham,  but  is  at  once 
distinguished  from  it  by  the  dark  brown  hindwings.  The  shape  of 
the  harps  in  the  male  genitalia  of  xylostella  is  somewhat  more  elongate 
oval  with  the  costal  and  dorsal  margins  nearly  parallel,  while  in  denti- 
fcrclla  these  organs  are  ovate  and  broader;  otherwise  the  structures 
are  very  similar,  compare  Figs.  1  and  2,  PI.  XXXIX.  //.  fnistrella 
Walsingham  and  H.  canariella  Walsingham,  must  be  considered  only 
forms  of  H.  dentifcrella;  the  genitalia  in  the  three  forms  are  identical; 
but  the  names  may  with  advantage  be  retained  for  the  different  ex- 
treme wing-patterns,  tho  somewhat  intermediate  varieties  occur. 


247 

Trachoma  falciferella  Walsingham. 

1881.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  307. 
n.  .syn : 

Cerostoma  ordiiialis  Meyrick. 

1914,  Exot.  Micros.  I,  p.  227. 

A  large  series  of  Trachoma  falciferella  from  Mt.  Shasta  and  from 
Wellington,  Brit.  Col.,  in  all  stages  of  preservation  show  a  consider- 
able variation  in  markings  and  will  easily  inclnde  Meyrick's  ordinal'is, 
described  from  a  single  specimen  from  Wellington,  Brit.  Col. 


248 


ELACHISTIDAE 

COELOPOETA    BALDELLA,   n.    sp. 

Palpi,  head  and  thorax  white.  Antennae  white  witli  black  annulations. 
Forewings  white  more  or  less  suffused  with  golden  ochreous  and  in  some  speci- 
mens dark  brown,  scattered  scales,  mostly  on  the  outer  half  of  the  wing.  Some 
specimens  are  nearly  unmottlcd  white  except  for  a  small  suffused  area  below  the 
end  of  the  cell  on  which  the  darker  scales  persist.  Cilia  white  sprinkled  with 
ochreous.  Hindwings  and  cilia  white  on  the  upper  surface.  Underside  of  both 
wings  dark  fuscous,  contrasting  strongly  with  the  white  upper  surface  of  the 
male.     Legs  white  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous.     Abdomen  silvery  white. 

Alar  expanse,  10-14  mm. 

Habitat:     Camp  Baldy,  Bernardino  Co.,  California. 

Type  and  cotypes  in  Collection  Barnes;  cotvpes  in  U.  S.  National  Museum 
(No.  22676). 

A  very  large  series,  more  than  one  hundred  specimens,  shows  this 
species  to  be  very  close  to  the  type  of  the  genus  Coelopocta  gliitinosi 
Walsingham,  but  much  lighter  in  color  than  the  large  series  of  cotypes 
sent  to  the  National  Museum  by  Lord  Walsingham.  The  description 
of  C.  glntinosi  however  would  include  the  present  species  and  it  is  pos- 
sible that  Lord  Walsingham  had  a  mixed  series  before  him.  Exam- 
ination of  the  genitalia  prove  these  to  be  of  a  simple  primitive  type 
without  much  specific  differentiation  but  sufficient  to  indicate  that  the 
two  species  are  distinct  and  not  merely  varieties. 

The  genus  Coelopoeta  is  intermediate  between  Elacliista  Auct 
and  Cygnodia  Herrick-Schaefifer,  correlated  with  or  derived  from  the 
latter. 


250 


PLATE  XXVI 

Fig.  I.  Ethmia  albitogata  Wlsm. 

Fig.  2.  Ethmia  coquillcttcUa  Busck. 

Fig.  3.  Ethmia  umbrimarginclla   Busck. 

Fig.  4.  Ethmia  hisscnclla   Busck. 

Fig.  5.  Ethmia  albistrigclla  Wlsm. 

Fig.  6.  Ethmia  monachclla  Busck. 

Fig.  7.  Ethmia  caliginosella  Busck. 

Fig.  8.  Ethmia  fuscipcdella  Wlsm. 

Fig.  9.  Ethmia  inonticola  Wlsm. 

Fig.  10.  Ethmia  arctostafihylclla   mediella   Busck. 

Fig.  11.  Ethmia  arclostaphylella   Wlsm. 

Fig.  12.  Ethmia  arctostaphylella   obscurelia   Beut. 

Fig.  13.  f.tlimia  semitenebrella   Dyar. 

Fig.  14.  Etiiinia  discoslrigella   Cham. 

Fig.  IS.  Etiimia  apiciftvncteUa   Cham. 

Fig.  16.  Ethmia  pratticlh   Busck. 

Fig.  17.  Tamarrlia  delliclla  Fern. 

Fig.  IS.  Tamarrlia  hittcnctla   Busck. 


I'l.ATF.    XWI 


<K 


13 


14 


IS 


^<% 


18 


252 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig- 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

IS. 

PLATE  XXVII 

Elhmia  imicelliosicHa   Busck.       S  .      Plummcr's   Id.,   Md. 

Elliiiiia  iiiaccllwsiclln   Busck.       9.      Plummcr's   Id.,   Md. 

Etlnnia  gerancHa  B.  &  B.     Cotype    $.      La  Puerta  Valley,  S.  Cal. 

Etlimia  >narnwrea  Wlsm.     Chimney  Gulch,  Colo. 

Ethmia  semiliigens  2ell. 

Ethmia  7nirusella   Cham.       9  ■      Aweme,   Man. 

Etlimia  hagenclla  Cham.     Burnet   Co.,  Tex. 

Ethmia  Iiagenella   joscphinclla   Dyar.     Mesilla,    N.    M. 

Etlimia  seniiomhra    Dyar.     Cotype.     Brownsville,    Tex. 

Ethmia  discostrigella    snhcacrulca    Wlsm.     Cotype.     Blue    Lake,    Lake 

Co.,'  Cal.   (Wlsm..   1871.) 
Elhmia  zcllericlla  Cham.       S .      Decatur,   III. 

Etlimia  confusella  Wlk.     San   Francisco   Mts.,   San   Domingo.  W.   I. 
Ethmia  corancUa   Dyar.      $.      Kerrville,  Tex. 
Ethmia  longimacittella   Cham.       9.      Montreal. 
Ethmia  apicipunrtrlla   Cham.       9.      San   Benito,   Tex. 


I'l.ATK    X.W'll 


254 


PLATE  XXVIII 

Fig.     1.     Tortrix  carnana  B.  &  B.     Cotype    $■     Camp  Baldy,   San  Bernardino 

Mts,  Cal. 
Spargaiwlhis  macliimiana  B.  &  B.     Type    9 .     Paradise,  Ariz. 
Sparganothis  umhrana  B.  &  B.     Type     $.      Denver,  Colo. 
Platynota  viridana  B.  &  B.     Type    $.     Dewey,  Ariz. 
Hysterosia  perspicuana   B.    &   B.     Type     9 .     Paradise,    Cochise    Co., 

Ariz. 
Hysterosia  ranariana  B.  &  B.     Type     S.      Wliite   Mts.,   Ariz. 
Stenoma  Irene  B.  &  B.     Cotype     $ .      San  Benito,  Tex. 
Batrachcdra  knabi  Wlsm.      9 .     Kerrville.  Tex. 
Stenoma  irene   B.  &  B.     Type     $.      Brownsville,   Tex. 
Anacampsis  psornlielh  B.  &  B.     Type     3.      Sioux  City,  la. 
Psacaphorcj  cdithella    B.    &    B.     Type      S .      Chimney    Gulch,    Golden, 

Colo. 
Harpiptcryx  xylostella   Linn.   European.     U.    S.   N.   M. 
Agonopteryx  pteleac  B.  &  B.     Cotype     $.     Decatur,   111. 
Heliodines  eiccella  B.  &  B.     Cotype.     Palmerlee,  Ariz. 
Agonopteryx  terinella  B.  &  B.     Cotype.     Silverton,  Colo. 


Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10 

Fig. 

11. 

Fig. 

12. 

Fig. 

13. 

Fig. 

14. 

Fig. 

15. 

I'l.ATI.    X.W    111 


1 

"^■^i. -«■■■■■■ 

m 

^ 

%w 

256 


PLATE  XXIX 

Male  eenitalia 


Fig.  1.  Stenoma  schlaegeri  Zell. 

Fig.  2.  Stenoma  tindseyi  B.  &  B. 

Fig.  3.  Stenoma  unifunciclla  Clem. 

Fig.  4.  Stenoma  algidella  VVlk. 

Fig.  S.  Stenoma  querciella   Hiisck. 

Fig.  6.  Stenoma  deeorella  Busck. 


I'lATK     XXIX 


258 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

PLATE  XXX 

Male  genitalia 

Stenoma  Irene  B.  &  B. 
Stciwiiia  huinitis  Zell. 
Stenoma  furcaia  WIsm. 
Stenoma  vestalis  Zell. 
Stenoma  thomasi  B.  &   B. 
Stenoma  misirella   Busck. 
Stenoma  crambitella  VVlsra. 
Menestomorpha  oblongata   Wlsm. 


Plate  XXX 


/J^ 


U\iM 


'^'^'^l.M^JI'' 


260 


PLATE  XXXI 

Male  genitalia 


Fig.  1.  Amorhia  cuncana  Wlsm. 

Fig.  2.  Sparganotliis  xanthoides  Wlk. 

Fig.  3.  Amorbia  synncurana  B.  &  B. 

Fig.  4.  Sparganotliis  inconditanii   Wlsm. 

Fig.  5.  Sparganotliis  sulphnreana   Clem. 

Fig.  6.  Tortrix  quercifoliana  Fern. 

Fig.  7.  Adoxopliyes  furcatana  Wlk. 

Fig.  8.  Cacoecia  persicana  Fitch. 

Fig.  9.  Tortrix  iiividana  B.  &  B. 


Ti.ATi:   XXXl 


k«2(Mfc^«»st:4^^ 


\ 


iT^ 


./ 


262 


Fig. 

I. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10. 

PLATE  XXXII 

Male  genitalia 


Peronea  maximana  B.  &  B. 
Peronea  fcrrugana   Schiff. 
Tortricodes  fragariana  Busck. 
Tortricodes  basiplagana  Wlsm. 
Plialonia  iitigustana  Clem. 
Tortrix  dissitaiia  Grt. 
Peronea  cervinana  Wlsm. 
Plialonia  dorsimaculana  Rob. 
Peronea  nivisellana   Wlsm. 
Hysterosia  fulviplicaiia  Wlsm. 


I'l.ATK    XXXII 


U,^  \\  'A.     4. 


■  ^-  — ■^ii^ 


^ 


264 


PLATE  XXXIII 

Male  s;enitalia 


Fig.  1.  Olethreutcs  pennundana  Clem. 

Fig.  2.  Olethreutcs  ferrifcrrana  Wlk. 

Fig.  3.  Ancylis  nubitana  Clem. 

Fig.  4.  Eucosma  virginiana  Busck. 

Fig.  S.  Eucosma  crambitana  Wlsm. 

Fig.  6.  Eucosma  sandicgo  Kearf. 

Fig.  7.  Eucosma  affcctalis  Hulst. 


I'l.ATF.    XXX  III 


s 


^Kk 

■"^ 


266 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2, 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

PLATE  XXXIV 

Male  genitalia 

Ethmia  alhitogata  Wlsm. 

Ethmia  macellwsiclla   Busck. 

Ethmia  semitcnehrcUa   Dyar. 

Ethmia  semilugens  Zell. 

Ethmia  coquilettella  Busck. 

Ethmia  arctostaphylella   obscurclla   Beut. 

Ethmia  geranella  B.  &  B. 

Ethmia  albistrigclla   Wlsm. 

Ethmia  discostrigeUa  Cham. 


Plate  XXXIV 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

268 


PLATE  XXXV 

Male  genitalia 


Ethniia  montkola  Wlsni. 
Ethmia  zeltcricUa  Cham. 
Ethmia  caliginosclta  Busck. 
Ethmia  hagenella  Cham. 
Ellimia  lassciiella  Busck. 
Etluiiia  fuscipedella   WIsm. 


Pi. ATI.   XXXV 


270 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

Fig. 

9. 

Fig. 

10 

PLATE  XXXVI 

Male  genitalia 


Elhmia  longimaculella  Cham. 
Ethmia  coranclla  Dyar. 
Ethmia  monachella  Biisck. 
Ethmia  mirusella  Cham. 
Ethmia  marmorea  Wlsm. 
Etliviia  scmiombra  Dyar. 
Ethmia  apicipunctella  Cham. 
Tamarrha  bittenella   Busck. 
Ethmia  umbrimarginella  Busck. 
Tamarrha  delliella   Fern. 


Plate  XX.WI 


272 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

PLATE  XXXVII 

Male  genitalia 

Trichostobas  parvtda  Hy.  Edw. 
Scythris  eboraccnsis  Zell. 
Gnorimoschcina  gallaesolidaciinis  Riley. 
Batrachcdra  knabi  Wlsm. 
Gnorimoschcina  busckiella   Kearf. 
Dichomcris  vcntrellus  Fitch. 
Gelcchia  flurialella  Busck. 


Pi.ATi.:  XXXVII 


^d-^ 


274 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

PLATE  XXXVIII 

Male  genitalia 

Agonoptcryx  ptelcac  B.  &   B. 
Agonopteryx  blacclla  B.  &  B. 
Borkhauscnia  pseudosprettclla  Stainton. 
Agonopteryx  callosella  B.  &  B. 
Borkliausenia  liaydeiiella  Cham. 
Oecophora  neivmanclla   Clem. 
Semioscopis  merriccella   Dyar. 
Semioscopis  packardella  Clem. 


I'l  ATI-:  XXX\  111 


\) 


yi-  ym  ^,^  ; .. 


A  4 


>:^ 


I 


^> 


^-^ 


ft* 


^ 


276 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

Fig. 

8. 

PLATE  XXXIX 

Male  genitalia 


Harpipteryx  canariella  Wlsm. 
Harpipteryx  xylostella  Linn. 
Mieza  basistriga  B.  &  McD. 
Miesa  atrolinea  B.  &  McD. 
Mieza  pnpula  Hbn. 
Yponomeuta  mullipxinctclta  Clem. 
Bucculatrix  crescentella  Braiin. 
F.permenia  imperialetla  Busck. 


Plate  XXXIX 


27! 


Fig. 

1. 

Fig. 

2. 

Fig. 

3. 

Fig. 

4. 

Fig. 

5. 

Fig. 

6. 

Fig. 

7. 

PLATE  XL 

Male  genitalia 

Dorata  lincata  Wlsm. 
Scardia  anatoiitclla  Grt. 
Phyllonorycta  fitchclla  Clem. 
Gracilaria  rlwifrnctella  Cham. 
Camerarta  hamadryadclla  Clem. 
Acrolophus  plumifrontcllus  Clem. 
Acrolophu.t  quadrelhi.f  B.  &  McD. 


1*1, ATE    XL 


V       3 


s 


k 


'  'v,      ^ 


[v'# 


INDEX 


Page 

actiella  B.  &  B 224 

aegrana   IVlsin 219 

affectalis    Hist.,    Eucosma,    pi. 

XXXIII,   f.  7. 

Agonopteryx    231 

albistrigella    Wlsin.,    Ethmia,    pi. 

XXVI,  f.  5;  pi.  XXXIV,  f.  8. 
albitogata    IVlsin.,    Ethmia,    pi. 

XXVI,  f.  1;  pi.  XXXIV,  f.  1. 

algidella   Wlk 238 

Amorbia     211 

Anacampsis    226 

anatomella  Crt.,  Scardia,  pi.  XL, 

f.  2. 
angustana    Clem..    Plialonia,    pi. 

XXXII,   f.  5. 

apicipunctella  Cham 242 

arctostaphylella  IVlsin 241 

Aristotelia  225 

annoraciae   Busck    246 

atrolinea  B.  &  McD.,  Mieza,  pi. 

XXXIX,  f.  4. 

baldella  B.  &  B 248 

baldiana  B.  &  B 225 

baracana  Busck  220 

basiplagana    IVlsin.,   Tortricodes, 

pi.  XXXII,  f.  4. 
basistriga  B.  &  McD.,  Mieza,  pi. 

XXXIX,  f.  3. 

Batrachedra    244 

benitella  B.  &  B 229 

liittenella    Busck.   Tamarrha,    pi. 

XXVI,  f.  18;  pi.  XXXVI,  f.  8. 

blacella   B.    &  B 232 

Borkhausenia   235 

busckiella    Kearf.,    Gnorimorsch- 

ema,  pi.  XXXVII,   f.  5. 
caliginosella    Busck,    Ethmia,    pi. 

XXXV,   f.  3. 

callosella  B.  &  B 231 

canariana  B.  &  B 218 

canariella  Wlsm 246 

carnana  B.  Sr  B 214 


Page 

cartwrightana  Kcarf 220 

cervinana     Wlsm.,     Peronea,    pi. 
XXXII,    f.  7. 

Chambersia  235 

chiquitana  B.  &  B 213 

ciccella  B.  &  B 245 

citrinella  B.  fr  B 224 

Coelpoeta    248 

Coleophora    244 

Coleophoridae   244 

coquillettella   Busck,   Ethmia,   pi. 

XXVI,  f.  2;  pi.  XXXIV,  £.  5. 
coranella    Dyar,    Ethmia,     pi. 

XXVII,  f.  13;  pi.  XXXVI,  f.  2. 

Cosmopterygidae    222 

crambitella    Wlsm 238 

crescentella    Braun,    Bucciilatrix, 

pi.  XXXIX,  f.  7. 
cuneana    Wlsm.,    .Amorbia,    pi. 

XXXI,  f.    1. 

decorasella  Busck  2.38 

delliella    Fern.,    Tamarrha,    pi. 
XXVI,  f.  17;  pi.  XXXVI,  f.  10. 

dentiferella   Wlsm 246 

Depressaria  233 

Dichomeris    230 

dimorphana  B.  &  B 215 

discostrigella  Cham 242 

dissitana     Crt..     T  o  r  t  r  i  x,     pi. 

XXXII,  f.  6. 
dorsimaculana  Rob..  Phalonia,  pi. 

XXXII,  f.  8. 
eboracensis   ZclL,    Scythri?,    pi 

XXXVII,   f.  2. 

edithella  B.  &  B 222 

Elachi.stidae   248 

elucidella  B.  •.'r  B 227 

Epithectis   224 

Ethmia   241 

Ethmiidae    241 

Eucordylea    227 

falciferella  Wlsm 247 


Page 
ferriferrana     iVlk.,    Oletlirciites, 

pi.  XXXIII,  f.  2. 
ferrugana    Scliiff.,    Peronea,    pi. 

XXXII,   f.  2. 
fitchella  Clem.,  Phyllonorycta,  pi. 

XL,  f.  3. 
fluvialella    Busck,    Gelecliia,    pi. 

XXXVII,  f.  7. 
fragariana     Busck,     Tortricodes, 

pi.  XXXI,   f.  3. 

frustrella  IVlsin 246 

fiilviplicana  Jl'tsni 219 

furcata  M'ls)n 238 

furcatana   I'Vlk.,  Adoxoplives,  pi. 

XXXI,  f.  7. 

fuscana  B.  &  B 216 

fuscipedella    Wlsm.,    Etlimia,    pi. 

XXXV,   f.  6. 
gallaesolidaginis  Riley,  Gnorimo- 

schema,  pi.  XXXVII,  f.  3. 

Gelechia   228 

Gelechiidae    224 

geranella  B.  &  B 242 

groteella   Rob 233 

hagenella  Chain 242 

hamadryadella  Clou.,  Cameraria, 

pi.  XL.  f.  S. 

Harpipteryx    246 

liaydenella  Cham 235 

Heliodines  245 

Heliodinidae  245 

homonana  Kearf 219 

humilis  Zell 238 

Hysterosia    218 

imperialella     Busck,     Epermenia, 

pi.  XXXIX,  f.  8. 
inconditana  IVlsiii..  Sparganotliis, 

pi.  XXXI,  f.  4. 

invidana  B.  &  B 215 

Irene  B.  &■  B 239 

iridana  B.  I'r  B 212 

Isophrictis   224 

josepliinelia  Dyar  242 

kearfottella   244 

knabi 244 

koinonana  Kearf 219 

lacteiisochrella  Cham 227 

la=;sendla     Busck,     Etlimia.     pi. 

XXXV,  f.  5. 


Page 

latipalpella  B.  &  B 233 

lindanella  B.  &  B 226 

lindseyi  B.  &  B 239 

lineata    Wlsm.,    Dorata,    pi.    XL, 

f.   1. 

litura  ZcU 238 

longimaculella  Cham.,  Etlimia,  pi. 

XXVII.  f.  14;  pi.  XXXVI,  f.  1. 
macelhosiella  Busck,  Etlimia,  pi. 

XXVII,   ff.   1,  2;  pi.  XXXIV, 

f.  2. 

machimiana    211 

marloffiana  Busck  221 

niarmorea    Wlsm.,    Ethmia,    pi. 

XXVII,  f.  4;  pi.  XXXVI,  f.  5. 

maximana  B.   &  B 216 

mediella  Busck    241 

Menestomorplia  237 

merriccella  Dyar,  Semioscopis,  pi. 

XXXVIII,  "f.  7. 

mcrrickana  Kearf 220 

miriisella     Cham..     Etlimia,     pi. 

XXVII,  f.  6;  pi.  XXXVI,  f.  4. 

mistrella  Busck   238 

mollis  B.   A-  B 230 

monachella    Busck,    Ethmia,    pi. 

XXVI,  f.  6;  pi.  XXXVI,  f.  3. 

monilella   B.   Sr   B 225 

miitii'chliira   Meyr 246 

monlicola     ll'lsm.,    Etlimia,    pi. 

XXXV,  f.  1. 
niultipimctella  Clem..  Yponomeu- 

ta,  pl.   XXXIX,   {.  6. 
iiewmanella  Clem..  Oecopliora,  pl. 

XXXVIII,   f.  6. 
nivi.sellana    Wlsm.,    Peronea.    pl. 

pl.  XXXII,  f.  9. 

nonlavana  Kearf 221 

nubilana    Clem..    A  n  c  y  I  i  s.    pl. 

XXXIIt,   f.  3. 

oblongata  Wlsm 238 

obsciirella  Bent 241 

Oecopboridae   231 

ordinalis  Meyr 247 

osseella  Wlsm 238 

packardella    Clem.,    Semioscopi.s, 

pl.  XXXVIII,  f.  8. 
parvtila  Hy.   F.d-w..  Tricbostobas, 

pl.  XXXVII,   f.   I. 


Page 
permiindana    CL'iii..    Olethreutes, 

pi.  XXXI 11,  f.  1. 

I'cronea    -!() 

peroneana  /i.   cr  B iH 

persicana     Fitcli,     Cacoecia,     pi. 

XXXI,  f.  8. 

perspicuana  B.  &  B 218 

Phalonia    221 

Plialoniidae  218 

I'latynota  212 

pliimifrontellus     Clem..     Acrolo- 

plius,  pi.  XL,   f.  6. 

Plutella    246 

Plutellidae  246 

Psacaphora    222 

pseudosprettella     Staiiit.,     Bork- 

hausenia,   pi.   XXXVIII.    t.   3. 

psiloptera  B.  &■  B 230 

psoraliella  B.   &■  B 226 

pteleae  B.  &  B 231 

pupula  Hbn.,  Mieza,  pi.  XXXIX, 

f.  5. 
quadrellus   B.   &  McD..  Acrolo- 

phus,  pi.  XL,  f.  7. 

([iierciella  Busck   238 

cpiercifoliana   Fern.,   Tortri.x.    pi. 

XXXI,  f.  6. 

rectistrigella  B.  &  B 229 

retiniella  B.  &  B 228 

rhoifructella     Cham.,    Gracilaria, 

pi.  XL,  f.  4. 
sandiego     Kearf.,    Eucosma,     pi. 

XXXIII,   f,   6. 

schlaegeri  Zcll 238 

semihigens     ZclL,     Ethmia,     pi. 

XXVII,  f.  5;  pi.  XXXIV.  f.  4. 
semiombra    Dyar,    Ethmia,    pi. 

XXVII,  f.  9;  pi.  XXXVI.  f.  6. 
semitenebrella  Dyar.,  Ethmia,  pi. 

XXVI.  f.  13;  pi.  XXXIV,  f.  3. 


Page 

Sparganothis   211 

spilosella  B.   &  B 2m 

stadiana  B.  &  B 217 

-Stagmatophora    222 

Stenoma   238 

Stenomidae   236 

subcaerulea  Wlsm 242 

sulphureana  Clou.,  Sparganothis, 

pi.  XXXI,   f.  5. 

symmochlota  Meyr 233 

synneurana  B.   &  B 211 

Telphusa    225 

terinella  B.  c'r  B 232 

terminana  Busck  220 

thomasi  B.  &  B 240 

tiscana  Kearf 220 

Tortricidae    211 

Tortrix     214 

Trachoma    247 

umbrana  B.  cr  B 212 

umbrimarginella    Busck.    Ethmia, 

pi.  XXVI,  f.  3;  pi.  XXXVI,  f, 

9. 

iinipunctclla  Clem 238 

ventrellus   Pitch.   Dichomeris.   pi. 

XXXVII,   f.  6. 

vestalis  Zcll 238 

'cigilans  Meyr 220 

virginiana    Busck.    F.uonsma.    pi. 

XXXTII,  f.  4. 

viridaiia  B.  &■  B 213 

wyattella  B.  &  B 222 

xanthoides     VVlk..     Sparganothis, 

pi.  XXXI.   f.  2. 

xanthophilella   B.   <'r   B 228 

xylostella  Linn 246 

r.avalla   Busck 242 

zclleriella     Cham..     Ethmia,    pi. 

XXXV,    f.    1. 


CONTRIBUTIONS 


NATURAL  HISTORY 


OF  THE 

LEPIDOPTERA 


NORTH  AMERICA 


VOL.   IV 
No.  4 


THE  PTEROPHORID^  OF  AMERICA, 
NORTH  OF  MEXICO 

BY 

WILLIAM  BARNES,  S.  B.,  M.  D. 

AND 

A.  W.  LINDSEY,  M.  S.,  Ph.  D. 


DECATUR,  ILL. 

THE  REVIEW  PRESS 

AUGUST  31,  1931 


281 


THE   PTEROPHORIDAE   OF  AMERICA,   NORTH 
OF   MEXICO 

For  twenty-three  years  the  Ftcrophoridac  of  North  America  have 
received  no  more  attention  than  the  occasional  description  of  ntvf 
species  or  the  publication  of  a  few  biological  notes.  In  fact  the  pioneer 
work  on  this  very  interesting  family,  Fernald's  "Pterophoridae  of 
North  America",  has  remained  the  only  work  available  for  the  identi- 
fication of  our  species.  Since  its  publication  in  1898  many  new  species 
have  inevitably  been  discovered,  with  the  result  that  this  excellent 
paper  is  now  entirely  inadequate  for  the  proper  study  of  our  fauna. 
Unhappily,  too,  many  new  synonyms  have  been  made,  and  the  old 
synonymy,  hallowed  by  years  of  use,  has  proven  to  be  erroneous  in 
several  instances.  Through  spontaneous  interest  in  these  insects  and 
a  realization  of  their  incomplete  and  imperfect  classification,  we  were 
led  over  a  year  ago  to  commence  this  revision.  In  the  course  of  our 
studies  we  have  investigated  one  point  after  another  until  our  task 
has  exceeded  our  wildest  anticipation,  but  we  have  fortunately  suc- 
ceeded in  verifying  all  but  a  very  few  of  the  important  questions  which 
have  come  up.  Of  the  resources  which  have  enabled  us  to  do  this 
we  will  speak  in  detail. 

The  types  of  North  American  species  are  included  in  seven  col- 
lections, viz.,  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  British  Museum,  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  (Cam- 
bridge Museum),  the  personal  collections  of  Mr.  Edward  Meyrick, 
Marlborough,  England,  and  of  Mr.  Fordyce  Grinnell,  Jr.,  now  in  the 
Southwest  ]\Iuseum  at  Los  Angeles,  and  last,  but  most  important  of 
all,  the  Fernald  collection,  made  by  Prof.  C.  H.  Fernald  of  Amherst, 
Mass.  Of  these  we  have  studied  in  person  the  material  from  the 
National  and  Cambridge  Museums,  and  the  Fernald  and  Grinnell  col- 
lections. The  last  contains  the  types  of  Grinnell's  species.  Fernald's 
collection  is  very  rich  in  types,  including  Fitch's  Pterophoridae,  "para- 
types"  of  most  of  Walsingham's  North  American  species,  all  of  Fish's 
types  and  those  of  Fernald's  own  species.  The  American  Museum 
refuses  to  risk  types  in  shipment,  so  Mr.  Frank  E.  Watson  has  kindly 
compared  specimens  for  us  with  the  types  of  Grossbeck's  species.    We 


282 

understand  that  the  collection  contains  ])aratypes  of  others,  but  since 
we  have  not  examined  these  we  prefer  to  reserve  comment  upon  them. 

In  the  British  Museum  are  the  types  of  the  few  species  which 
Walker  described  from  this  continent,  in  addition  to  Lord  Walsing- 
liam's  collection,  which  contains  his  own  types  and  some  of  Zeller's. 
Mr.  Meyrick  has  very  kindly  visited  the  Museum  in  our  behalf  and 
compared  specimens  with  all  of  these  types.  We  are  indebted  to  him 
also  for  making  comparisons  with  the  types  in  his  own  collection,  and 
for  the  gift  of  a  paratype  of  Ptcrophorus  citrites,  which  we  had  been 
unable  to  place. 

These  comparisons  have  enabled  us  to  establish  beyond  doubt  the 
identity  of  all  species  occurring  in  North  America,  with  the  exception 
of  those  described  in  Europe  by  the  older  writers,  Linnaeus,  Haworth, 
Huebner,  and  Denis  and  Schiffermuller,  and  a  very  few  whose  types 
we  have  not  located.  I'^ortunately  the  latter  class  includes  only  two  or 
three  species  about  which  there  can  be  no  reasonable  doubt. 

We  wish  to  express  our  gratitude  to  those  men  whose  assistance, 
either  privately  or  as  the  officials  of  museums,  has  enabled  us  to  lay 
a  foundation  of  such  gratifying  soundness  for  our  revision. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  paper  we  have  concluded  to  illustrate 
only  the  primaries  of  the  insects,  solely  for  the  reason  that  it  is  im- 
possible to  secure  sufficient  magnification  of  an  entire  specimen  and 
at  the  same  time  retain  such  depth  of  focus  as  is  necessary  to  produce 
a  photograph  with  satisfactory  definition.  In  the  case  of  Trichoptiliis, 
PteropJwrus,  Platyptilia,  and  the  few  species  of  other  genera  whose 
secondaries  show  characters  of  specific  value,  we  illustrate  these  wings 
as  well,  but  we  have  been  forced  to  omit  the  bodies,  even  though  in 
a  number  of  species  they  are  very  distinctively  marked.  The  illus- 
tration of  genitalia  has  also  been  curtailed  as  much  as  possible,  but 
we  are  able  to  give  notes  or  a  figure  of  at  least  part  of  the  genitalia 
of  all  species  except  T.  pygmaeus  Wlsm.,  P.  wilUamsi  Grin.,  rhodo- 
dactyla  D.  &  S.,  xylopsamma  Meyr.,  0.  baroni  ¥\s\\,  citrites  Meyr. 
and  iiiiicolor  B.  &  McD.  The  value  of  the  genitalia  is  limited,  and 
in  many  cases  where  we  have  made  a  figure  from  a  single  slide  we 
cannot  say  that  the  figure  will  be  more  than  a  possible  help  in  the 
identification  of  the  species. 

In  the  figures  of  genitalia  will  be  found  some  points  which  may 
need  explanation.    We  have  drawn  these  structures  as  opaque  objects. 


283 

This  means  that  not  only  the  heavily  chitinized  structures  normally 
shown  in  such  drawings  are  treated  as  opaque,  but  also  the  thin  mem- 
brane which  closes  the  twelfth  segment  and  reaches  the  anal  opening. 
X'isible  through  the  various  parts  are  a  number  of  structures,  of  which 
we  represent  only  the  hidden  portion  of  the  oedeagus  and  the  long 
hair-tuft  on  the  claspers,  when  present.  The  latter  is  represented 
by  fine  broken  lines,  and  its  point  of  attachment  by  heavy  dots.  The 
outlines  indicated  by  heavy  lines  are  mostly  definite,  free  margins. 
We  have  departed  from  this  usage  in  a  few  cases  to  show  heavy  areas 
of  chitin  which  are  conspicuous  and  distinctive,  as  in  Ada'ma  amhrosiae 
Murt.  The  claspers  in  this  family  are  often  thin,  more  or  less  inflated 
sacs,  which  become  flattened  in  mounting  and  exhibit  two  outlines  of 
approximately  the  same  shape,  the  inner  representing  the  actual  inner 
surface  of  the  clasper.  The  harpe  is  developed  only  on  the  left  valve, 
and  is  usually  rather  simple.  Near  its  base,  and  often  embracing  it, 
the  lower  margin  of  the  valve  is  often  folded,  forming,  apparently,  the 
sacculus  of  Pierce's  works.  On  the  right  valve  there  is  frequently 
a  slight  ridge  which  is  probably  a  rudiment  of  the  harpe.  In  Oidae- 
matophonis  mizar  B.  &  L.  this  bears  a  small  transverse  lobe  which 
may  be  the  ampulla  of  Pierce.  In  the  thin  membrane  which  connects 
the  bases  of  the  valves  and  closes  the  twelfth  segment  there  is  devel- 
oped an  area  of  chitinization  which  becomes  thicker  as  it  approaches 
the  opening  through  which  the  oedeagus  projects,  and  forms  a  free, 
forked  organ  of  n:ore  or  less  complex  shape  which  embraces  this 
opening.  This  structure  appears  to  be  homologous  with  the  juxta  of 
Pierce.  Its  connections  are  not  clear  to  us,  but  it  extends  very  defin- 
itely, decreasing  in  strength,  in  most  of  our  slides  toward  the  ventral 
extremity,  and  exhibits  definite  lateral  margins  which  we  represent 
by  heavy  lines,  although  they  are  continuous  with  the  membrane  men- 
tioned. A  few  slides  show  what  appears  to  be  a  ruptured  connection 
between  the  base  of  the  fork  and  the  inner  face  of  the  valves.  Such 
apparent  connections  are  indicated  by  dotted  lines.  In  Plafyptilia  the 
juxta  is  not  so  developed,  but  the  oedeagus  projects  through  an  open- 
ing in  the  posterior  membrane  whose  sides  are  produced  more  or  less 
as  slender  lobes.  The  oedeagus  has  a  ventral  process  near  its  base 
by  which  it  appears  to  be  attached  near  the  base  of  this  opening.  It 
probably  moves  in  an  arc  whose  center  is  this  attachment.  The 
gnathos  is  apparently  not  chitinized ;  other  structures  require  no  re- 
marks.    We  are  at  a  loss  to  explain  the  remarkable  development  of 


284 

the  genitalia  in  some  species  of  Adaina  and  in  Oidacmatophonis  mono- 
dactyliis  Linn. 

Before  taking  up  the  systematic  treatment  of  these  families  a 
word  regarding  their  relationship  may  not  be  amiss.  By  early  writers 
both  Pteroplioridae  and  Alncitidae  (better  known  as  Orncodidac) 
were  placed  at  the  end  of  the  order,  a  procedure  from  which  Meyrick 
first  departed  by  proposing  the  position  which  they  have  since  occu- 
pied. Speaking  of  the  Pteroplioridae  (Gen.  Ins.  c,  1.)  he  says:  "The 
family  is  an  aberrant  group  of  the  Pyralidina,  with  some  relation  to 
the  Oxychirotidac,  Orncodidac  and  Pyraustidac,  but  no  close  or  obvi- 
ous connection  with  any  of  these,  the  indications  of  affinity  being 
merely  general."  Some  writers  regard  the  Pteroplioridae,  Alncitidae, 
and  presumably  the  Oxychirotidac  as  an  independent  superfamily.  We 
prefer  to  treat  them  as  members  of  the  Pyraloidca.  We  consider 
the  two  families  together  because  the  presence  of  only  one  Alucitid  in 
our  fauna  renders  that  family  too  small  for  separate  treatment,  and 
this  is  its  closest  relationship. 


285 


FAMILY  PTEROPHORIDAE 

Phalacnac  Alucitac  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  X,  I,  542,  1758  (in  part). 

Pterophorae  Hucbner,  Tentamen,  1806. 

Pterophorites  Latreille,  Consid.  Gen.  370,  1810  (in  part). 

Duponchel,  Cat.  Meth.  380,  1845. 
Alucitadae  Samouelle,  Ent.  Comp.  255,  1819  (in  part). 

Alucitac  Hiiebner,  Verz.  bek.  Schmett.  428.  1825  (in  part,  Intcgrae  +  Trifidae). 
Alucitidac  Stephens,  Cat.  Brit.  Ins.  II.  229,  1829  (in  part). 

Westwood,  Mod.  Class,  Ins.  II,  413,  1840  (in  part). 
Ptcroplioridac  Zeller,  Isis  X,  756,  1841  (in  part,  Ptcraphoridae  proprii). 

Wallengren,  Skand.  FjSd.  1859. 

Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  1880  (in  part,  ex.  Clirysocorys). 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1890,  483. 

Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Meyrick,  Handbook,  429,  1895. 

Tutt,  Pter,  Brit.  14,  1896. 

Femald,  Pter,  N.  A.   1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  441,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  1910. 

Spuler,  Schmett,  Eur.  II,  317  ,1910. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  3,  1913. 

Fracker,  Class,  Lep.  Larvae  94,  1915. 

Mosher,  Class  Lep.  Pupae  70,  1916. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Ocelli  sometimes  present  but  never  very  easily  seen.  Proboscis  well  devel- 
oped. Maxillary  palpi  absent.  Labial  palpi  variably  developed,  sometimes  very 
small.  Primaries  with  vein  A  simple  (or  shortly  forked,  fide  Meyrick),  Mj 
and  M.,  very  weak  or  absent;  R.,  often  absent;  R.„  R^,  R^  and  R.  frequently 
stalked  (the  first  almost  obsolete  in  Marastnarcha  cervinicolor).  Primaries 
with  a  single  cleft  and  secondaries  with  two  in  all  but  one  species  of  our  fauna. 
Secondaries  with  a  conspicuous  double  row  of  black  scales  on  under  surface 
along  cubital  stem.  Veins  Mj  and  M„  very  faint.  All  parts  of  these  insects  arc 
more  or  less  elongate  and  slender,  and  in  resulting  delicacy  they  rival  the  crane- 
flies.  The  legs  are  provided  with  two  pairs  of  spurs  on  the  hind  tibiae  and  a 
terminal  pair  on  the  middle  tibiae.  The  fore  and  mid  tibiae  also  have  bushy 
scale  tufts  in  some  species. 

."Vs  pointed  out  by  Meyrick,  the  black  scales  on  the  under  surface 
of  the  secondaries  are  an  absolute  character  for  the  Pterophoridae. 
With  the  exception  of  our  one  species  of  Agdistis  the  North  Ameri- 
can Pterophoridae  may  be  placed  at  once  by  the  cleft  wings,  without 
reference  to  other  structures. 


286 


As  to  the  internal  classification  of  the  family,  we  must  depart 
from  the  customary  arrangement.  The  presence  of  two  anal  veins  in 
the  secondaries  of  Aciptilia,  Pselnophorus,  Adaiua  and  Oidacmato- 
phorus  definitely  groups  these  four  genera,  while  those  remaining  are 
characterized  by  the  presence  of  only  one  anal  in  the  secondaries, 
Agdistis  alone  excepted.  It,  however,  is  at  once  segregated  by  its  en- 
tire wings.  On  this  basis  Spuler  divides  the  Pterophoridae  into  three 
sub-families,  the  Agdistinae,  Platyptiliinae  and  Pterophorinac.  In  our 
opinion  these  divisions  are  scarcely  necessary  to  a  convenient  classi- 
fication, but  they  are  tenable.  The  last  would  become  the  rather 
clumsy  word  Oidacmatophorinac  according  to  our  revised  nomencla- 
ture. 

Which  of  the  two  higher  groups  should  stand  next  to  Agdistis  in 
a  linear  series,  seems  to  us  largely  a  matter  of  personal  opinion,  for 
each  is  more  highly  developed  in  some  particulars  than  the  other.  We 
prefer  to  begin  with  the  complete  Platyptiliid  series,  inserting  Oidae- 
matophorus  and  allied  genera  before  Agdistis  because  of  their  posses- 
sion of  two  anal  veins,  as  already  mentioned.  This  arrangement  results 
in  the  least  possible  deviation  from  that  now  in  use,  since  it  involves 
change  of  position  in  the  cases  of  Exelastis,  Marasmarcha  and  Stcn- 
optilia  alone. 

The  following  diagram  expresses  our  views  on  the  phylogeny  of 
the  genera : 
Triclwptilus 


Ptcrophonis       Exelastis 


Aciptilia 


Adaina 


Platyptilia 

Marasmarcha 

Pselnophorus 

Oidaematophoriis 

Stenoptilia 

Agdistis 

287 

W'itliin  the  genera  the  difficuhies  of  the  systematist  multiply. 
Many  species  are  vei"y  close,  especially  in  Platyptilia,  and  can  be  sepa- 
rated only  by  careful  study.  In  this  one  genus  the  genitalia  are  of 
no  assistance,  but  in  the  others  they  are  usually  helpful.  We  have 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  one  trouble  in  the  past  has  been  the  failure 
of  the  student  to  observe  closely  the  more  minute  features  of  these 
insects,  and  the  placing  of  undue  emphasis  on  the  pattern  of  the  wings. 
In  Oidacmatopliorus  characters  found  in  palpi  and  legs  often  serve  to 
separate  closely  related  species,  while  we  have  found  that  the  pattern 
of  the  primaries  is  subject  to  such  great  variation  that  it  is  difficult 
to  point  out  single  features  for  the  separation  of  many  species.  The 
remarkable  fragility  of  specimens,  once  they  have  been  dried,  results 
in  many  lacking  parts  which  might  place  them  readily.  The  only 
remedy  for  this  is,  of  course,  careful  collecting  and  abundant  material. 
It  is  hopeless,  without  an  extensive  knowledge  of  the  family,  to  attempt 
to  identify  many  of  the  sad  specimens  which  seem  to  be  all  too  numer- 
ous in  collections. 

Too  little  work  of  a  scientific  nature  has  been  done  on  the  early 
stages  to  enable  us  to  make  generalizations  of  value,  so  we  refer  our 
readers  to  the  notes  given  under  various  species. 

The  larvae  of  some  species  bore  in  the  stems  of  plants,  but  in 
most  of  those  whose  habits  are  known  they  are  external  feeders  on 
leaves  or  flowers.  The  pupae  are  naked,  attached  to  a  button  of  silk 
at  the  caudal  end  only. 

We  have  adapted  a  portion  of  the  key  to  the  genera  given  by 
Meyrick  in  the  Genera  Insectorum  to  the  uses  of  this  paper,  following 
the  Comstock-Needham  nomenclature,  and  have  drawn  our  notes  on 
genera  largely  from  the  same  source. 

Key  to  the  Genera 

1.  Wings  entire  Agdistis 

Wings  cleft,  the  primaries  bifid,  secondaries  trind  2 

2.  Primaries  with  vein  R,  absent   3 

Radius  of  primaries  with  all  five  branches  9 

3.  Primaries  with  CUj  absent  (only  two  veins  in  second  lobe),  deeply  cleft 

and  with  very  slender  lobes   4 

CUj  present,  primaries  cleft  much  less  than  one-half  their  length 5 

4.  Primaries  with  vein   R^  present    Trichoptilus 

Primaries  without  R^  Acintilia 

5.  Branches  of  radius  of  primaries  free Oidaematophorus 

Some  branches  of  radius  stalked  6 


288 

6.     R     and   R,  of  primaries   short   stalked,   R.^   stalked   with   R^,   R^  absent 

Pselnophorus 

R.^  free,  R.,  and  R^  stalked   (sometimes  only  connate?) 7 

7.  Secondaries  with  a  tuft  of  black  scales  near  tip  of  third  feather 

Pterophonis 

No  such  tuft  8 

8.  Secondaries  with  only  two  veins  in  the  second  lobe Adaina 

With  three  veins  9 

9.  Fringes  of  inner  margin  of  third  lobe  of  secondaries  with  a  few  black 

scales  (sometimes  faint  in  our  species)    Exelastis 

These  fringes  without  black  scales  Marasmarcha 

II).     R„  R^  and  R^  stalked   Pterophorus 

All  branches  of   radius  separate   10 

11.     Secondaries  usually  with  black  scales  in  fringes  of  inner  margin.     Anal 

angles  of  both  lobes  of  primaries  usually  prominent Platyptilia 

Without  black  scales.     Anal  angles  marked,  but  very  retreating. .  Stenoptilia 

Genus  Trichoptilus  Walsingham. 

Haplotype  Trichoptilus  pygmacus  Wlsm. 

Trichoftilus  Walsingham,  Pter,  Cal.  Ore.  62,  1880.    Pyijmaetis  sole  species. 

Mcyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1886,  7,  1886. 

Id.,  op.  cit.,  484,  1890. 

Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  Bor.  Am.  88,  1891. 

Tutt,  Pter,  Brit.  77,  1891. 

Hofmann,   Deutsch.,  Pter,,  49,   145,   1895. 

Meyrick,  Handbook,  430,  1895. 

Fernald,  Pter,  N.  A.  13,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  441,  19(12. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  36,  1905. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1907,  472,  1908. 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.,  C,  3,  4,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  3,  1913. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  434,  1915. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Bucklcrki    Tutt,    Ent.    Rec.    XVII,    i7,    1905.      Orthotype   Pterophorus   patudnw 

Zell. 
Stangeia  Tutt,  Brit.  Lep.  V,  492,  1906.    Haplotype    siccliota. 

Id.,  Ent.  Rec.  XX,  53,  footnote,  1908.  Cites  siccliota  as  type. 
Forehead  without  tuft;  ocelli  obsolete.  Labial  palpi  moderate,  ascending. 
Second  joint  with  a  terminal  tuft  beneath  in  some  species;  third  joint  variable 
in  length,  slender.  Fore  wings  cleft  from  before  middle,  both  lobes  slender, 
tapering,  without  anal  angle;  Cu„  absent  or  stalked  with  M.,;  Cu,  absent;  M^ 
and  M  scarcely  traceable,  short;  R.  long,  R.,  absent,  R,.  absent  nr  stalked  with 
R  ,  R    separate  or  stalked  with  R^.     Secondaries  trifid,  third  feather  usually  with 


289 

a  black  scale  tuft  in  the  cilia  of  the  inner  margin.     Vein  Cu.,  from  middle  of 
cell,  Cug  absent.     (See  pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  1.) 

Like  all  previous  writers,  we  liave  been  unable  to  examine  tbe 
structures  of  pygmaeus,  the  genotype.  We  have  seen  two  specimens 
of  this  species,  however,  and  a  careful  comparison  with  the  other 
species  regarded  as  congeneric  leads  us  to  believe  that  the  ordinary 
use  of  the  genus  is  correct. 

Key  to  the  Species 

1.  Abdomen  with  parallel  longitudinal  stripes.    Third  feather  of  secondaries 

without  black  scale  tuft  in  cilia  parvulus 

Abdomen  otherwise.     Tuft  present    2 

2.  Antennae  longitudinally  striped  above  3 

Antennae  brown  and  white  dotted  above  4 

3.  Second  joint  of  palpi  with  long  apical  tuft  below.     Hind  tibiae  with  two 

straight  dorsal  stripes  before  first  spurs  calif ornicus 

Second  joint  of  palpi  without  tuft.     Stripes  of  hind  tibiae  in  part  spiral, 
and  anastomosed  distally   defectalis 

4.  Size  small,  about  10  mm.  expanse.    Colors  pale,  whitish pygmaeus 

Much  larger,  rarely  under  14  mm.    Colors  darker,  brownish lobidaclyhis 

1.     Triciioptilus  parvulus  n.  sp. 

Head  brown;  palpi  oblique,  slender,  exceeding  vertex,  brown  with  white 
dorsal  and  ventral  lines ;  antennae  lacking.  Thorax  brown.  Legs  white  with 
brown  stripes,  tarsi  of  first  two  pairs  lacking.  Brown  stripes  of  hind  legs  lost 
in  broad  brown  bands  at  bases  of  spurs.  Spurs  white  with  a  brown  stripe.  First 
pair  inserted  just  beyond  middle  of  tibia  and  reaching  end  of  joint;  terminal 
pair  equal  in  length  to  first  joint  of  tarsus.  Tarsus  whitish,  first  joint  brown 
above  except  near  base,  remainder  brown-tipped.  Abdomen  brown  with  a  pair 
of  whitisli  subdorsal  stripes,  two  lateral  on  each  side,  one  ventro-lateral  and 
a  mid  ventral  pale  area  which  forms  a  stripe  near  base,  bears  a  few  ventral 
brown  dots  near  middle,  and  is  completely  divided  by  a  brown  line  toward 
outer  end. 

Primaries  dull,  dark  brown,  paler  at  the  base  and  with  some  ochreous 
scales  on  the  lobes.  First  lobe  crossed  by  a  whitish  band  about  one-third  from 
apex,  and  with  a  few  pale  scales  indicating  the  usual  band  about  twice  as  far 
from  apex.  Apical  portion  with  whitish  scales.  Second  lobe  similar,  without 
whitish  scales  in  terminal  area  and  with  the  outer  pale  band  nearer  apex. 
Fringes  cnncolorous.  with  a  few  whitish  hairs  in  groups  along  inner  margin, 
and  numerous  large  Mack  scales.  Of  the  latter  there  are  six  tufts  in  the  some- 
what damaged  fringes  along  the  inner  margin  of  the  first  lobe  of  the  type,  a 
series  on  the  costal  margin  of  the  second  lobe,  broken  at  the  outer  white  band, 
and  five  tufts  on  the  inner  margin.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes  also  dark 
brown,  the  third  feather  without  dark  scales  in  the  dorsal  cilia.     Expanse  10  mm. 

Described  from  one  specimen  : 

Holotype   ?  ,  Vernon  ph.,  La.,  May,  G.  Coverdalc,  in  coll.  Barnes. 


290 

This  species  is  the  most  highly  specialized  of  our  fauna,  according 
to  Mr.  Meyrick's  views  on  the  phylogeny  of  the  genus,  because  of 
the  complete  absence  of  the  scale  tuft  in  the  fringes  of  the  secondaries. 
This  structure  is  present  in  all  of  our  other  species,  though  Mr.  Mey- 
rick  records  its  absence  from  some  of  the  exotic  forms,  and  its  absence 
in  this  case  removes  all  hesitation  which  we  have  felt  about  describing 
from  a  single  poor  specimen.  The  parallel  stripes  of  the  abdomen  are 
also  strikingly  different  from  anything  else  which  we  have  examined. 

2.     Triciioptilus  defectalis  Walker.  PI.  XLI,  fig.  1.  PI.  XLIX,  fig.  9. 

Ptcrophorus  defectalis  Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  943,  1864. 

Pterophorus  congrualis  id.,  op.  cit.  943-4,  1864. 

Ptcrophorus  oxydactylus  id.,  op.  cit.  944,  1864. 

Aciptilia  haivaiicnsis  Butler,  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (S)  Vll,  408,  1881. 

TrichoptUus  ochrodactylus  Fish,  Can.  Ent.  XIII,  142,  1881. 

Femald,  Pter,  N.  A.,  IS,  pi.  V,  ff.  13,  14,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.,  441,  1902. 
TrichoptUus  coinpsocharcs  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  16.  1886. 
Trichoptiltis  ccntctcs  id.,  op.  cit.  16,  1886. 

Walsinghani,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  494,  1891. 

Id.,  op.  cit.  1897. 

Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  XXXVII,  135,  1917. 
TrichoptUus  ralumensis  Pagenstecher,  Zoologica  XXIX,  239,  19(T0. 
Triciioptilus  OA'ydactylus  Walsinghani,  Faun.   Haw.  I,  471,   1907, 
TrichoptUus  coiigi'iialis  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1907,  473,  IWS. 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.,  C,  5,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  4,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
TrichoptUus  defecluHs  Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.,  C,  5,  1910. 

Fletcher,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.  (2,  Zool.)  XIII.  312,  1910. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  434,  1915. 
Bucklcria  defectalis  Fletcher,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.  (2,  Zool.)  XIII,  398,  1910. 
Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  light  brownish  ochreous.  Posterior  end  of 
thorax  whitish,  abdomen  often  with  divergent  light  and  dark  dashes  on  part  of 
the  segments  above.  Antennae  white  above  with  a  longitudinal  brown  line. 
Third  joint  of  palpi  tipped  with  wliite  and  in  some  .specimens  touched  with 
brown  on  the  sides.  Legs  brown  and  white  striped,  oflfering  the  distinctive 
feature  noted  in  the  key. 

Primaries  light  ochreous-brown,  the  first  lobe  more  brownisli  and  crossed 
by  the  two  ordinary  bands  which  are  scarcely,  if  at  all,  paler  than  the  ground 
color.  Second  lobe  hardly  darker  than  the  discal  area  and  with  the  bands 
scarcely  indicated.  Fringes  brown,  containing  some  whitish  hairs  and  black 
scales  in  cleft  on  each  lobe  and  several  tufts  of  black  scales  on  the  inner  mar- 
gin, the  last  at  tlie  apex  and  the  preceding  one  followed  by  a  pencil  of  white 


291 

hairs.  On  the  costal  margin  of  the  second  lobe  toward  its  apex  the  fringes 
are  white  tipped.  Secondaries  dark  brown,  fringes  concolorous,  containing  a 
tuft  of  black  scales  beyond  middle  of  inner  margin  of  third  feather.  Expanse 
13  to  15  mm. 

Distribution:  If  the  synonymy  here  adopted  is  correct,  this 
species  occurs  on  every  continent  except  Europe,  and  on  numerous 
islands,  inchiding  the  East  and  West  Indies  and  Hawaii.  It  is  repre- 
sented in  coll.  Barnes  by  a  series  from  Florida  containing  twenty 
specimens  from  Chokoloskee,  without  dates,  and  one  from  St.  Peters- 
burg, taken  in  October.  We  have  verified  the  identification  of  Arizona 
specimens  in  the  National  Museum.  The  type  of  ochrodactylus  is 
labelled  Texas. 

The  synonymy  of  this  species  is  presented  as  it  appears  in  the 
Biologia.  It  has  largely  been  worked  out  by  Mr.  Meyrick,  to  whose 
experience  and  judgment  we  defer  in  adopting  it,  for  we  have  not 
been  able  to  examine  material  from  the  numerous  foreign  type-locali- 
ties. The  names  which  chiefly  concern  a  student  of  the  North  Ameri- 
can fauna,  in  that  they  take  priority  over  the  sole  name  based  upon 
North  American  material,  were  described  from  the  following  locali- 
ties:  dcfcctalis  from  Sierra  Leone  and  the  Congo,  congrualis  from 
India  and  China,  oxydactylus  from  Ceylon  and  haivaiiensis  from  the 
island  Maui  of  the  Hawaiian  group.  The  types  of  all  four  are  in  the 
British  Museum,  and  in  addition  paratypes  of  ccntctcs  and  compso- 
charcs.  The  types  of  Meyrick's  species  are  in  his  own  collection  and 
that  of  ralumcnsis  Pag.  in  "Mus.  Dahl"  according  to  the  Biologia.  The 
type  of  ochrodactylus  Fish  is  in  the  Fernald  collection  at  Amherst, 
Mass.  We  have  seen  this  type,  and  find  it  to  be  in  fairly  good  condi- 
tion, excepting  the  loss  of  the  abdomen. 

The  "Lepidopteronnn  Catalogus"  gives  as  a  biological  reference 
"Fletcher,  Spol.  Zeyl.  6  (21)  p.  28  (biol.),  t.  A.  f.  8  (1909)."  We 
are  not  familiar  with  this  article  and  know  nothing  else  of  the  early 
stages. 

3.     Triciioptilus  californicus  Walsingham,   PI.   XLI,  fig.   3.     PI. 

XLIX,  fig.  8. 
Aciftilns?  californicus  Walsingham.  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  60,  pi.  2,  f.  9,  1880. 
Trichoptilus  californicus  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  7,  1886. 
Pterophorus  californicus,  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.,  88,  1891. 
jTrichoptilus  lobidactylus  Fernald,  Pter,  N.  A.  IS,  1898  (in  part). 
Id.,  op.  cit.  pi.  VII,  fig.  12-14,  1898  (  3  gen.) 


292 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  441,  1902  (in  part). 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List,  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  5,  1910  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  4,  1913  (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDimnoiigh,  Check  List  ISO,  1917  (in  part). 

Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  XXXVII,  135,  1917  (in  part). 
Trichoptilus  wrightii  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  314,  1908. 
XTrichoptilus  lobidaclylus  race  ivrighti  Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150. 

1917, 
Head  and  thorax  brown,  the  posterior  end  of  both  thorax  and  patagia 
white  or  whitish.  Antennae  white  above  with  a  fine  dark  longitudinal  stripe. 
Second  joint  of  palpi  with  tuft  below  at  distal  end  as  noted  in  key,  sometimes 
rubbed  off  in  poor  specimens ;  color  same  as  head,  white  below.  Third  joint 
slender,  moderately  long,  dark  at  the  side  and  light  above  and  below.  Abdomen 
brownish  above  with  divergent  light  and  dark  stripes  on  the  first  few  segments 
and  parallel  stripes  on  the  last  two  or  three.  Legs  brown  and  white  striped 
as  in  defectalis,  the  hind  pair  differing  in  that  the  two  brown  stripes  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  tibiae  before  the  first  pair  of  spurs  are  separate  and  straight, 
not  in  part  spiral  and  joined  near  their  distal  end. 

Primaries  concolorous  with  anterior  part  of  thorax,  varying  from  light 
ochreous  to  a  dull  brown.  First  lobe  darker,  the  transverse  bands  marked  dis- 
tinctly with  white  scales  on  the  costa,  these  usually  continued  from  second  band 
to  apex.  The  primaries  are  otherwise  as  in  defectalis  with  two  exceptions 
The  costal  fringes  of  the  second  lobe  are  not  white  tipped  near  the  apex,  and 
the  white  hairs  in  the  fringes  of  the  inner  margin  are  grouped  in  two  rather 
conspicuous  patches.  The  secondaries  arc  a  darker,  more  dull  shade  of  brown, 
each  feather  usually  with  a  few  dark  scales  in  the  apical  fringes.  The  third 
feather  has  the  tuft  of  black  scales  on  the  inner  margin  well-developed,  and  the 
fringes  preceding  it  often  contain  noticeable  white  hairs.  At  the  apex  of  this 
feather  the  fringes  are  usually  white:  otherwise  they  are  concolorous  with  the 
wing.    Expanse  14-18  mm. 

Although  the  superficial  appearance  is  not  very  different  from 
tliat  of  defectalis  Wlk.  the  male  genitalia  (plate  XLIX,  fig.  8)  are 
much  nearer  to  those  of  lobidactylns  Fitch  in  form.  The  narrow  valves 
at  once  separate  the  species  from  defectalis,  in  which  they  are  very 
broad. 

Distribution :  We  have  seen  no  specimens  of  this  genus  from 
British  Columbia,  but  think  it  probable  that  those  recorded  in  the 
B.  C.  Check,  List  as  lobidactylus  are  this  species.  Calif ornicus  occurs 
throughout  California,  whence  we  have  specimens  taken  in  various 
])laces  in  IMay,  Aug.,  Sept.,  and  Oct.  In  the  Barnes  collection  there 
are  also  specimens  from  Utah,  Aug. ;  Colo.,  Ariz.,  Se])t. ;  and  Fla.  May. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 


293 

This  species  was  described  from  specimens  taken  in  Mendocino, 
Shasta  and  Colusa  counties,  Cal.  The  types  are  in  the  British  IMuseum, 
and  three  paratypes  in  the  Fernald  collection.  Our  attention  was  first 
drawn  to  the  distinctness  of  the  species  from  lobidactylus,  of  which 
it  had  long  been  recorded  as  a  synonym,  by  the  discovery  that  all  of 
our  Calif ornian  specimens  had  striped  antennae,  in  marked  contrast 
to  the  dotted  antennae  of  the  latter  species.  Lord  Walsingham  both 
described  and  figured  the  species  with  dotted  antennae,  but  in  sending 
material  to  Mr.  Meyrick  for  comparison  with  the  type  we  called  his 
attention  to  this  feature,  and  he  noted  that  they  are  striped  in  the  types. 
This  is  true  also  of  the  paratypes  in  the  Fernald  collection.  In  the 
Grinnell  collection  of  Pterophoridae  as  sent  to  us  for  examination 
there  were  no  types  of  Trkhoptilus  zvrightii,  but  in  Mr.  W.  S.  Wright's 
material  we  found  two  specimens  from  the  type  locality  which  were 
true  californicHS.  Since  we  have  seen  only  this  species  from  the  entire 
state  of  California,  we  feel  that  Mr.  Grinnell  was  probably  guilty  of 
an  oversight  in  describing  his  species  with  "barred"  antennae. 

4.     Trichoptilus  pvgmaeus  Walsingham. 

TrichoMilus  pygmaeus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  64,  pi.  Ill,  f.  IS,  1880. 
Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  7,  1886. 
Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 
Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  14,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  441,  1902. 
B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  19(^)6. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  5,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  4,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISU,  1917. 

Since  we  have  seen  only  two  specimens  of  pygmaeus,  one  a  para- 
type,  we  reproduce  the  original  description : 

"Very  small  and  slender. 

"The  head  pale  fawn-colour,  with  some  erect  scales  above  and  behind  the 
eyes ;  antennae  slightly  pubescent  spotted  alternately  with  fawn-brown  and  white 
above;  the  palpi  projecting  nearly  the  length  of  the  head  beyond  it,  whitish, 
touched  with  pale  fawn-colour. 

"Fore  wings  cleft  slightly  more  than  half  tlieir  length,  very  pale  fawn- 
colour,  dusted  with  fuscous-brown  scales  along  the  costa,  especially  above  the 
base  of  the  fissure,  also  towards  the  base  of  the  dorsal  margin.  The  two  slender 
lobes  diverge  considerably,  and  are  barred  before  and  beyond  their  middles 
more  or  less  distinctly  with  white,  which  extends  tlirough  the  otherwise  pale 
fawn-coloured  cilia  on  both  sides;  along  the  base  of  these  intermediate  fawn- 


294 

coloured  cilia  are  some  scattered  fuscous-brown  scales,  two  darker  tooth-like 
projections  almost  fuscous  appearing  on  the  dorsal  margin  of  the  second  lobe. 

"Hind  wings  pale  greyish  brown ;  the  cilia  cinereous,  internipted  with 
white  behind  and  at  the  points  of  the  lobes.  The  third  segment  has  long  ciner- 
eous cilia,  interrupted  with  white  at  the  apex;  slightly  beyond  the  middle  of  its 
dorsal  margin  is  a  very  small  square  projecting  tooth  of  fuscous  scales,  pre- 
ceded by  a  scarcely  conspicuous  white  dash  in  the  cilia. 

"The  legs  are  white,  dotted  and  barred  above  with  fawn-brown ;  the  spurs 
white,  the  joints  above  them  being  thickly  clothed  with  fawn-brown  scales, 
from  amongst  which  project  some  few  almost  erect  white  ones. 

"Abdomen  whitish,  faintly  touched  with  pale  fawn-colour  at  the  sides  and 
above  posteriorly. 

"Expanse  scarcely  10  millims." 

The  type  series  included  three  specimens  taken  "near  Millville,  in 
Shasta  County,  California,  on  the  11th  of  July,  1871."  Two  are  now 
in  the  British  Museum  and  the  remaining  paratype  in  the  Fernald 
collection.  It  agrees  very  closely  with  the  description.  The  second 
specimen  which  has  been  before  us  is  in  the  National  Museum.  It 
lacked  the  abdomen  and  was  slightly  more  grayish  than  Walsingham's 
figure,  but  we  found  no  reason  to  doubt  that  it  was  true  pygmaciis. 
This  specimen  was  labelled  "Washington,  D.  C.  July,"  so  careful  col- 
lecting may  prove  the  species  to  be  much  more  common  and  wide- 
spread than  it  seems. 

In  common  with  other  writers,  we  have  had  no  opportunity  to 
study  the  structures  of  the  species  so  as  to  settle  definitely  the  status 
of  the  genus  of  which  it  is  the  type,  but  the  paratype  which  we  have 
seen  appears  to  substantiate  the  customary  usage. 

5.     Trichoptilus  lobidactylus  Fitch.     PI.  XLI,  fig.  2.     PI.  XLIX, 
fig.  7. 

Ptcyophonis  lobidactylus  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Agr.  Soc.  XIV,  847,  1854. 

Id.,  1st.  Rept.  Ent.  N.  Y.  143,  1854. 

Morris,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  A.  54,  1860. 

Walker,  List  Lcp.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  940,  1864. 

Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 
Aciplilus  lobidactylus  Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  389,  1882  (morph.). 

Id.,  op.  cit.  404,  1882  (biol.). 
Trichoptilus  lobidactylus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  15,  1898  (in  part). 

Dyar,  Psyche  VIII,  249,  1898  (biol.). 

Fernald,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  441,  1902  (in  part). 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  5,  1910  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  4,  1913  (in  part). 


295 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917  (in  part). 

Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII,  135,  1917  (in  part). 

McDunnough,  Can.  Ent.  LII,  88,  pi.  II,  f.  1,  1920  (biol.). 
Trhiwftilus  lobidactyla  Dyar,  Ent.  Rec.  XI,  140,  pi.  I,  f.  1,  1899  (Lar^'s). 

Head  brown  with  a  white  line  over  eyes.  Antennae  blackish  below,  al- 
ternately black  and  white  spotted  above.  Palpi  with  second  joint  whitish,  brown 
tipped,  and  with  a  terminal  tuft  projecting  below  tliird,  which  is  white  above 
and  at  its  base  below,  otherwise  brown.  Thorax  brown,  posteriorly  fawn  with 
some  white  scales.  Patagia  concolorous,  whitish  tipped.  Abdomen  mixed  fawn 
and  brown.  Dorsal  surface  with  divergent  white  dashes,  edged  with  dark 
brown,  on  alternate  segments.  Ventral  surface  with  ventral  and  ventro-lateral 
white  stripes  edged  with  dark  brown  lines,  the  intervening  spaces  mixed  fawn 
and  brown  with  some  white  patches.  Legs  brown  and  white  striped  as  in  cali- 
fornicus. 

Vestiture  of  primaries  a  mixture  of  bright  brown,  blackish  and  white 
scales,  the  first  usually  predominating  and  the  last  very  scanty.  First  lobe  with 
two  transverse  pale  bands,  sometimes  white  and  sometimes  partly  obsolete. 
Costal  fringes  often  white  from  outer  band  to  apex.  Second  lobe  with  the 
bands  not  more  than  indicated  by  a  few  white  scales.  Fringes  of  mixed  brown, 
black  and  white  hairs  containing  a  few  black  scales  in  the  cleft.  Inner  margin 
of  first  lobe  also  with  a  dark  preapical  pencil,  sometimes  preceded  and  followed 
by  white.  Inner  margin  of  wing  with  clusters  of  black  scales  and  three  white 
patches;  apex  of  second  lobe  with  a  black  pencil  and  some  white  hairs.  Sec- 
ondaries dark  coppery  brown  with  gray  brown  fringes.  Third  feather  with 
black  scales  and  white  hairs  at  apex,  the  latter  sometimes  lacking,  and  with  a 
large  triangular  black  scale  tuft  in  fringes  of  inner  margin  beyond  middle,  pre- 
ceded by  variably  conspicuous  pale  hairs.     Expanse  IS  to  20  mm. 

Fitch's  type  has  been  destroyed.  The  pin  and  type  label  remain 
in  the  Fernald  collection,  with  the  added  notation  of  its  loss. 

Lobidactyliis  was  described  presumably  from  New  York  sjieci- 
mens.  Its  range  has  been  extended  to  include  all  of  the  northern 
United  States  in  various  works,  but  the  elimination  of  caHfoniicits 
from  the  synonymy  curtails  this  range  extensively.  It  is  in  the  Barnes 
collection  from  Ontario  (July),  N.  H.,  N.  J.  (June  &  July),  and 
Meach  Lake.  Ottawa  Co..  Que.  From  the  last  named  locality  we  have 
a  small  series,  apparently  reared,  of  very  dark  specimens.  In  the 
National  Museum  there  are  specimens  from  W.  Va.  and  <  )hio,  the 
latter  state  being  the  most  westerly  locality  of  which  we  know.  Gross- 
beck's  Florida  records  probably  refer  partly  to  this  species,  since  the 
food  plant  is  mentioned,  but  the  Barnes  &  McDunnough  specimens 
mentioned  are  certainly  calif  or  nicus. 


296 


SiS 


Prof.  Fernaltl  records  the  food  plant  as  Solidago  canadoi 
(Pter.  N.  A.  16).  Dr.  Dyar  (Psyche  VIII,  249)  gives  a  description 
of  the  larva  and  pupa  from  material  taken  in  Van  Cortlandt  Park,  New 
York  City,  and  reared  on  Solidago  sp.  Dimniock's  papers  give  no  fur- 
ther information  beyond  some  morphological  data  and  the  locality 
Massachusetts.  In  Dr.  McDunnough's  paper  descriptions,  which  we 
quote  below,  of  the  full  grown  larva  and  of  the  pupa  are  given,  and 
a  figure  of  the  latter.  The  larva  is  here  noted  as  feeding  "on  the 
terminal  buds  of  a  Solidago  species".    The  descriptions  are  as  follows : 

"Lar\'a  ( full-grown).  —  Head  ochreous.  Body  cylindrical,  green,  with 
slightly  darker  mediodorsal  line,  due  to  the  dorsal  vessel  showing  through  the 
integument,  and  containing  on  each  segment  centrally  a  minute  black  dot ;  sev- 
eral other  similar  black  points  are  scattered  with  more  or  less  regularity  over 
the  integument,  the  most  constant  being  a  single  one  midway  between  tubercles 
II  and  HI  and  another,  rather  linear  in  shape,  before  the  spiracle.  Subdorsally 
there  is  a  series  of  large,  brownish,  rectangular,  chitinous  patches  extending 
across  the  major  portion  of  each  segment  and  containing  tubercles  I  and  II 
which  are  represented  by  two  long  brownish  setae,  arising  from  the  centre  of 
each  patch,  very  glutinous,  swollen  irregularly  several  times  during  their  length 
and  club-shaped  at  their  tips;  the  posterior  portion  of  each  patch  contains  two 
minute,  whitish  club-shaped  setae.  Tubercle  III  is  represented  on  the  abdom- 
inal segments  by  a  single  long  brownish  seta,  a  short  anterior  whitish  one  and 
a  mimite  posterior  hair  ( ?  Ill  a  of  Dyar).  Tubercle  IV  +  V,  directly  below 
the  spiracle,  consists  of  an  anterior  shorter  and  a  posterior  longer  clubbed  white 
seta  arising  from  a  brownish  base;  there  are  usually  also  two  further  minute 
white  clubbed  hairs  situated  respectively  on  the  ventral  and  on  the  posterior 
margins  of  this  dark  base.  Ventral  to  the  tubercles  and  on  the  posterior  margin 
of  each  segment  are  generally  several  minute  white  clubbed  hairs.  A  single 
white  unclubbed  hair  arising  from  a  dark  base  and  surrounded  by  other  minute 
hairs  probably  represents  tubercle  VI  and  two  or  three  small  hairs  at  the  base 
of  the  prolegs  constitute  tubercle  VII. 

"On  the  thoracic  segments  the  dorsal  setae  show  some  variation  from  that 
normally  found  on  the  abdominal  segments:  on  the  mesothorax  tubercle  I  +  II 
consists  of  two  long  setae  and  one  minute  white  one  whilst  on  the  metathorax 
only  a  single  long  dorsal  hair  is  found.  On  both  segments  tubercle  III  shows 
two  long  setae.  The  prothorax  has  a  row  of  six  long  hairs  along  the  anterior 
margin  with  a  second  row  of  six  immediately  behind  these;  the  dorsal  area 
corresponding  to  the  prothoracic  plate  is  covered  with  fine,  minute,  white,  clubbed 
hairs.  Ventrad  and  anterior  to  the  spiracle  is  a  tubercle  bearing  three  hairs. 
All  spiracles  pale,  brown-ringed.     Length  10  mm. 

'The  arrangement  of  tubercular  hairs  as  listed  above  differs  in  several 
points  from  Dr.  Dyar's  figure  of  the  fifth  abdominal  segment  of  this  species 
(1899,  Ent.  Rec.  XI,  pi.  I,  f.  1)  but  this  is  in  the  main  due,  I  believe,  to  slight 
inconsistencv  in  the  number  of  sm.all  white  secondary  hairs  which  may  occur 


297 

on  each  primarj'  tubercle;  Dr.  Dyar's  figure  accentuates  these  secondary  hairs, 
giving  the  impression  that  they  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  primary,  dark  ones, 
which  was  far  from  the  actual  case  in  all  specimens  examined  by  me. 

"Pupa  (Fig.  1).— Rather  bluntly  tnmcate  at  apex  with  four  short  horns 
arising  from  the  base  of  the  antennal  and  eye-sheaths  and  a  distinct  sub-dorsal 
ridge  extending  as  far  as  fourth  abdominal  segment.  Colour  green,  with  the 
horns  and  surrounding  area  extending  over  the  prothorax  vinous  pink;  a  large, 
pink,  dorsal  patch  is  also  present  on  each  of  the  third  and  fourth  abdominal 
segments  (not  segments  4-S  as  stated  by  Dr.  Dyar).  The  wing-cases  are  darker 
green  than  the  remainder  of  the  pupal  integument  and  possesses  three  more  or 
less  complete  parallel  rows  of  minute  white  clubbed  hairs;  the  sheaths  of  the 
legs  and  mouth  parts  are  not  very  clearly  differentiated  and  are  well  sprinkled 
with  minute  white  warts  on  lenticles,  particularly  numerous  on  the  eye  caps. 
The  tubercular  setae  of  the  larval  stage  are  present,  tubercles  I  and  II  being 
situated  on  the  subdorsal  ridge  and  particularly  prominent  on  the  pink-coloured 
segments.  The  prothoracic  plate  and  the  dorsal  portions  of  the  other  thoracic 
segments  are  heavily  sprinkled  with  small  white  lenticles;  these  lenticles  on  the 
abdominal  segments  are  generally  restricted  to  the  area  contiguous  to  the  tuber- 
cular setae,  this  area  being  bounded  posteriorly  by  a  row  of  four  or  five  short 
white  clubbed  hairs  placed  at  regular  intervals.  The  cephalic  portion  of  the 
modified  tenth  abdominal  plate  contains  a  cluster  of  minute  pinkish  hairs 
and  the  cremaster  is  composed  of  a  larger  cluster  of  similarly  coloured,  glut- 
inous hairs." 

Genus  Pterophorus  Geoffrey. 
Logotype  Alucita  didactyla  Linn. 

Pterophorus  GeofEroy,  Hist.  Nat.  Ins.  II,  90,  1762. 

Fabricius,  Syst.  Ent.  671,  1775  (in  part). 

Latreille,  Consid.  Gen.  442,  1810.    Cites  didactylus  as  type. 
Oxyptilus  Zeller,  Isis  X,  765,  1841. 

Wallengren,   Skand.   Fjad.   14,   1859. 

Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIII,  335,  1867. 

Jordan,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  VI,  121,  1869. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  8,  1886. 

Id.,'  op.  cit.  485,  1890. 

Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  60,  1891. 

Meyrick,  Handbook  431,  1895. 

Hofmann.  Deutsch.  Pter.  49,  119,  1895. 

Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  16,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  441,  1902. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905.    Cites  pilosellae  Zell.  as  type. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  6,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars.  17,  5,  1913. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  435,  1915. 


298 

Mosher,  Class.  Lep.  Pupae  70,  1916. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917. 
Cappcria  Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  37,  1905.     Orthotype  heterodactyla  de  Vill. 
Geina  Tutt,  Brit.  Lep.  V,  411,  1906.    Orthotype  didactylus  Linn. 
Crombrugghia  Tutt,  op.  cit.  449,  1906.    Orthotype  distans  Zell. 

Forehead  smooth,  witliout  tuft  in  our  species:  oceUi  obsolete.  Labial 
palpi  moderate,  oblique;  second  joint  with  a  ventral  apical  tuft  in  only  one 
North  American  species;  third  joint  moderate.  Tibiae  thickened  with  scales 
at  bases  of  spurs.  Primaries  bifid,  cleft  from  about  middle;  M,,  and  Cu^  stalked, 
connate  with  Cu^ ;  R^^  from  below  angle  of  cell,  R.,  and  R^  stalked  with  R^  or 
R.  and  R  coincident;  Rj  free.  Secondaries  trifid,  third  segment  with  a  well 
developed  tuft  of  black  scales  in  the  fringes  of  the  inner  margin:  Cu„  from 
middle  of  cell;  Cu^  from  near  angle;  R.  to  apex.     (See  pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  2.) 

Although  the  type  of  Pterophorus  was  fixed  as  didactyla  in  1810, 
no  subsequent  writer  with  whose  work  we  are  famiHar  has  recognized 
the  genus  as  identical  with  Oxyptihis  Zell.  The  attempt  of  Lord 
Walsingham  and  Mr.  Durrant  (Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XXIII,  41,  1897)  to 
fix  the  type  of  Alucita  Linn,  gives  us  the  first  summary  by  modern 
writers  of  the  history  of  Pterophorus.  In  this  suminary  it  is  stated 
that  Lamarck  (Syst.  An.  sans  Vert.  288,  1801)  fixed  the  type  as 
pentadactylus.  The  International  Rules  do  not  permit  us  to  recognize 
this  fixation,  which  is  thrown  out  by  Walsingham  and  Durrant  for 
other  reasons.  Latreille's  citation  of  didactylus  is  overlooked,  appar- 
ently because  it  has  no  bearing  on  Alucita.  On  p.  42  we  find  the  state- 
ment that  Wallengren  (Skand.  Fjar.  20,  1859)  "cited  monodactylus 
Linn,  as  the  type  of  Pterophorus  (Geoffr.)  auct."  The  authors  accept 
this  as  the  true  type  of  Pterophorus  on  the  basis  that  didactylus  Geofif. 
was  an  incorrect  identification  of  monodactylus  Linn.  Opinion  14  of 
the  International  Rules  deals  with  a  similar  case  and  thereby  validates 
the  acceptance  of  didactylus  Linn,  as  type  of  Pterophorus  Geoflf.  The 
genus  has  commonly  been  used  as  limited  by  Walsingham  and  Dur- 
rant, but  Mr.  J.  W.  Tutt  (Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905)  claims  that 
Geoffrey  himself  fixed  the  type  as  pentadactyla  Linn.  We  think  that 
no  other  writer  has  taken  this  view  of  Geoffrey's  work,  though  some 
have  accepted  pentadactyla  as  type  of  this  genus  through  Lamarck's 
supposed  fixation.  Curtis  (Brit.  Ent.,  Lep.  I,  161,  1827)  actually 
cited  this  species  as  type  but  his  action  was  rendered  invalid  by  that 
of  Latreille. 

We  follow  Meyrick's  synonymy.  Geina  Tutt  is,  of  course,  a  syno- 
nym of  Pterophorus.    We  are  not  familiar  with  the  types  of  Capperia 


299 

and  Crontbrugghia  in  nature  but  from  Tutt's  remarks  we  judge  these 
genera  to  be  of  the  same  character  as  numerous  others  of  his,  and 
tlierefore  happily  suppressed.  We  regard  a  genus  as  a  systematic  unit, 
not  a  biological  division,  and  feel  that  when  it  loses  its  value  for  classi- 
fication it  has  lost  its  right  to  exist. 

The  male  genitalia  in  this  genus  show  two  forms  of  harpes,  the 
one  long,  heavily  chitinized  and  curved,  the  other  weak  and  mem- 
branous. In  our  species  and  in  the  four  European  species  which  we 
have  seen,  ri:;.,  didactylus,  hicracii,  pilosellae  and  parvidactylns,  those 
species  which  have  the  terminal  tuft  on  the  second  joint  of  the  palpi 
are  furnished  with  the  second  type,  and  those  which  lack  this  tuft 
have  strong  genitalia.  These  characters  apparently  divide  the  genus 
into  two  well  marked  groups,  but  we  do  not  regard  them  as  worthy  of 
generic  rank. 

Key  to  the  Species 

1.  Second  joint  of  palpi  with  a  distal  tuft  projecting  beneath  third.  .rfc/fUt'iirtVui 
Palpi  slender ;  second  joint  without  tuft 2 

2.  Median  spurs  of  hind  tibiae  attached  three-fifths  or  more  of  length  of 

joint  from  its  base  ^ 

These  spurs  very  close  to  middle  of  tibia  4 

3.  Dorsal   surface  of  abdomen  with  divergent  white  lines   reaching   from 

front  to  hind  margins  on  several  segment?,  widening  behind ningoris 

White  lines  on  dorsal  surface  of  abdomen  obsolete  at  least  anteriorly, 
usually  limited  to  a  few  scales  in  posterior  margins  of  segments.  A 
much  darker  species  raptor 

4.  Light   brown;    abdomen    without    contrasting   pure    white    marks   above 

pcriscelidttctylus 

Ven'  dark  brown;  abdomen  with  some  pure  white  above  except  in  dark- 
est   specimens    ^ 

5.  Fourth   abdominal   segment  brown   above,   the   adjacent   segments   with 

white   marks    tenuidactylus 

Fourth  segment  white  above,  others  white  marked cygnus 

1.     Pterophorus   periscelidactvlus    Fitch.     PI.   XLI,    fig.   4.      PI. 

XLIX,  fig.  5. 
Pterophorus   periscelidactylus   Fitch,   Trans.   N.   Y.    Agr.    Soc.   XIV,   843,    1854 
(biol.). 

Id..  1st.  Rept.  Ent.  N.  Y.  139,  1854  (biol.). 

Morris,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  A.  54,  1860. 

Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  940,  1864. 

Riley,  1st  Mo.  Rept.  137,  pi.  II,  ff.  15,  16,  1869  (biol). 

Id.,  Am.  Ent.  II,  234,  f^g.  148,  1870. 

Id.,  3rd.  Mo.  Rept.  65,  fig.  27,  1871  (biol.). 


300 

Packard,  Guide  356,  1872, 

Saunders,  Can.  Ent.  V,  99,  fig.  15,  1873. 

Rogers,  Can.  Ent.  VII,  217,  1875. 
Oxyptilus  periscelidaclylus  Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXXII,  178,  1871. 

Id.,  Verh.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien  XXIII,  319,  1873. 

Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  25,  pi.  II,  £.  5,  1880. 

Riley,  Supp.  Mo.  Rept.  58,  1881. 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  390,  1882. 

Id.,  op.  cit.  403,  1882. 

Saunders.  Can.  Ent.  XIX,  27,  1887. 

Id.,  Ins.  Inj.  Fruits  268,  1889. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35,  U.  S.  N.  M.  136,  1889. 

Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 

Dyar,  Psyche  VII,  253,  1895. 

Comstock,  Manual  238,  1895. 

Smith,  Econ.  Ent.  318,  1896. 

Truman,  Ent.  News  VIII,  28,  1897. 

Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  17,  pi.  II,  ff,  3,  4;  pi.  V,  ff.  1,  2,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  441,  1902. 

Holland.  Moth  Book  416,  fig.  237,  1903. 

Osborn,  Jn.  Econ.  Ent.  II,  15,  1909. 

Meyrick.  Gen.  Ins.  C,  7,  1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  85,  1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  7,  1913. 

Fracker,  Class.  Lep.  Larvae  95,  1915. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 

Britton,  Ins.  Conn.  103,  1920. 
General  color  light  brown,  the  head,  thorax  and  abdomen  somewhat  paler, 
the  last  with  creamy-white  dashes  above  and  mostly  whitish  below.  Antennae 
white,  dark  below  and  with  a  row  of  connected  dark  dots  above.  Palpi  white, 
light  brown  at  the  sides.  Legs  white,  the  first  two  pairs  striped  with  dark 
brown,  their  tarsi  with  brown  shading  on  one  side  of  all  but  the  second  joint. 
Hind  pair  with  brown  tufts  at  bases  of  spurs  and  brown  annuli  on  the  tarsi. 
First  spurs  attached  near  middle  of  tibia  and  reaching  to  its  end. 

Primaries  with  two  white,  diagonal,  subparallel  bands  across  first  lobe,  the 
basal  one  broader  and  less  regular  tiian  the  outer.  These  are  continued  across 
second  feather,  where  they  converge  toward  inner  margin.  Enclosed  space  on 
both  lobes  somewhat  darker  than  rest  of  wing.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  sHght 
whitish  patch,  then  by  a  short  transverse  brown  dash.  At  two-fifths  from  base 
of  wing  is  a  whitish  spot,  more  or  less  vague.  Fringes  creamy  white,  slightly 
darker  in  cleft,  where  they  contain  brown  scales.  At  apex  of  both  lobes  and 
anal  angle  of  first  they  are  marked  by  dark  pencils  of  hair,  and  before  anal 
angle  of  second  lobe  a  broader  brown  patch  preceded  at  some  distance  hy  two 
small  tufts  of  dark  brown  scales  and  some  scattered  white  scales.  First  two 
featlicrs  of  hind  wings  dull  brown  with  lighter  fringes,  the  third  light  brown 
at  base  and  tip,  white  between,  fringes  as  on  other  lobes,  but  containing  a  large 


301 

tuft  of  dark  brown  scales  at  the  outer  end  on  both  costal  and  inner  margins. 
Some  specimens  are  darker  and  of  a  duller  shade  of  brown.  Expanse  16-20  mm. 
Distribution:  Quebec  to  New  Jersey,  west  to  Manitoba,  South 
Dakota  and  Mo.  Fernald  arlds  Texas  but  we  are  unable  to  verify 
this.  The  specimens  which  we  have  were  taken  in  June  with  the 
exception  of  a  single  one  without  locality  which  bears  an  August  date 
label.  There  are  Mo.  specimens  in  the  Cornell  collection  dated  May, 
and  New  York  specimens  dated  July.  The  species  was  described  from 
New  York,  and  a  reared  specimen  in  coll.  Fernald  among  Fitch's 
material  is  probably  the  type,  though  it  does  not  bear  Fernald's  type 
label. 

The  early  stages  have  been  considered  in  a  number  of  papers. 
Riley's  third  report  gives  a  good  account  of  the  habits  of  the  insect, 
and  both  this  and  Saunder's  "Insects  Injurious  to  Fruits"  describe 
the  early  stages  in  part.  Dyar's  paper  in  Psyche,  vol.  VII,  and 
Fracker's  are  the  only  papers  known  to  us  which  give  any  information 
of  value  on  the  structure  of  the  larva.  Fernald's  monograph  of  the 
family  contains  the  following  description  of  larva  and  pupa : 

"Larva. — Length,  about  12  mm.  Head  yellow,  with  the  mouth  parts  brown. 
Body  pale  greenish  yellow,  deeply  constricted  between  the  segments.  Each 
segment  has  a  transverse  row  of  ten  moderately  sized  tubercles,  from  each  of 
which  arises  a  cluster  of  from  six  to  twelve  long,  whitish,  diverging  hairs, 
besides  which,  scattered  over  the  surface,  arc  short  hairs  which  are  enlarged 
at  the  tip.    Legs  yellow,  long  and  slender. 

"Pupa. — Length,  11  mm.  Diameter,  2  mm.  Front  obliquely  truncated, 
with  two  irregular  ridges  extending  up  over  the  truncate  part  and  along  the 
dorsum  on  either  side  of  the  median  line,  diverging  toward  the  meta-thorax, 
where  they  terminate  in  a  pair  of  flattened,  sharp-pointed  projections,  about 
as  high  as  two-thirds  of  the  diameter  of  the  pupa.  The  ridges  are  higher,  and 
toothed  on  the  top  of  each  segment.  On  the  first  five  abdominal  segments 
there  is  a  row  of  short  spines  on  each  side,  in  line  with  the  abdominal  projec- 
tions. These  spines  incline  forward,  and  on  the  posterior  side  is  a  small  tooth 
and  two  short  diverging  club-shaped  bristles.  The  pupae  attach  themselves  by 
a  cluster  of  fine  hooks  at  the  end  of  the  abdomen  to  a  button  of  silk  spun  by 
the  caterpillar  before  pupating.    The  pupal  stage  lasts  about  a  week." 

2.     Pteropiigrits  tenuidactvlus  Fitch.     PI.  XLI,  fig.  5.     PI.  XLIX, 
fig.  1. 

Ptcrophorus  tcnuidactylus  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Agr.  Soc.  XIV,  848,  1854. 
Id.,  1st  Rept.  Ent.  N.  Y.  144,  1854. 
Morris,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  A.  54.  1860. 
Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  940,  1864. 


302 

O.ryl^lilus  nigrocUiatus  Zeller,  Verb.  z-b.  Ges.  Wicn  XXIII,  332,  1873. 

Walsingham.  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  31,  pi.  II,  f.  8,  1880. 

Dimmock,  Psycbe  III,  403,  1882. 

Packard,  Kept.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.  326,  1886  {fide  Hy.  Edw.). 

Ply.  Edwards,  Bull.  35,  U.  S.  N.  M.  136,  1889. 

Saunders,  Ins.  Inj.  Fruits  314,  1889  (bio!.). 

Packard,  5tb  Kept.  U.  S.  Ent.  Com.  851,  1890. 
Oxyl^tUus  tcnuidaciylus  Murtfeldt,  Am.  Ent.  Ill,  235,  1880. 

Fernald.  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 

Dyar,  Psyche  VIII,  249,  1898  (biol.). 

Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  20,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  442,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII,  923,  1904,   (bid). 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  50,  1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  See.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Forbes,  Psyche  XVI,  136,  1909. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  7,  1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  85,  1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  8,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917. 

Britton,  Ins.  Conn.  103,  1920. 
■\0.ryplilus  dclavarims  Forbes,  Rept.  Ent.  II!.  XIV,  91,  1885  (biol.). 

Very  dark  brown,  with  a  coppery  tinge.  Antennae  white,  dotted  witli 
brown  above.  Palpi  white  with  lateral  brown  stripes,  the  third  joint  sometimes 
entirely  brown.  Thorax  wliite  behind.  Legs  white,  first  and  second  pairs 
striped  with  dark  brown  except  tarsi,  which  are  touched  with  brown  on  one 
.side  of  each  joint.  Hind  legs  as  in  pcriscelidactylns  but  with  dark  brown  mark- 
ings. Abdomen  brown,  with  diverging  pairs  of  white  stripes  on  t!ie  third  seg- 
ment. Fourth  segment  entirely  brown  above,  fifth  mostly  white,  due  to  the 
extension  of  stripes  similar  to  those  on  the  third.  Beneath,  the  abdomen  is  more 
licaviiy  marked  with  white,  tlie  fourth  segment  almost  entirely  wliite. 

Primaries  with  a  fine  transverse  white  line  across  outer  !ialf  of  both  lobes. 
First  lobe  willi  a  broader  stripe  basad  of  tliis.  Second  lobe  with  this  stripe 
represented  Ijy  a  small  white  patch.  Fringes  and  secondaries  as  in  (icriscelidac- 
tylus  but  much  darker.     Exp.  13-17  mm. 

Fernald's  figuies  of  genitalia  under  this  name  appear  to  l)e!ong 
to  the   following  species. 

Distribution:  Quebec  to  W.  Va.,  west  to  Vancouver  Id.  (Day), 
Tex.  and  Cal.    Ma)-  to  Aug. 

Tlicre  are  three  specimens  in  the  Fernald  collection  among  Fitch's 
material.  tv,-o  of  which  bear  P'ernald's  type  labels.  One  of  these  is 
fragmentary  and  the  other  a   9   in  good  condition. 


303 

We  have  examined  over  forty  specimens  in  the  Barnes  collection 
and  smaller  series  in  various  other  collections,  among  which  were 
many  bred  specimens.  The  species  is  remarkably  constant  in  super- 
ficial appearance,  probably  due  to  its  general  darkness,  for  the  white 
markings  are  greatly  reduced  in  the  darker  examples.  The  one  dark 
segment  of  the  abdomen,  preceded  and  followed  by  white  marks,  is 
usually  characteristic,  though  we  have  seen  cases  of  obsolescence  of 
these  white  marks. 

Tcnuidactyliis  has  been  reared  from  the  buds  of  blackberry  by 
several  entomologists.  Dyar  (Psyche  VIII)  gives  a  description  of 
the  larva  and  pupa,  while  S.  A.  Forbes  (111.  Rept.)  and  Saunders  give 
similar  data  and  some  remarks  on  the  habits  of  the  larva.  According 
to  Dyar  the  larvae  feed  on  the  buds  of  blackberry,  which  they  mimic 
closely,  and  in  B.  C.  on  thimble-berry,  Ritbus  imtkamis.  There  is  a 
specimen  in  the  Fernald  collection  which  is  labelled  as  having  been 
reared  from  a  larva  boring  in  the  stem  of  a  species  of  Solidago.  We 
have  checked  this  identification  carefully,  and  cannot  account  for  such 
a  strange  difference  in  both  habit  and  food  plant  if  the  record  is  cor- 
rect. One  Wisconsin  specimen  in  the  National  Museum  was  reared 
from  strawberry. 

Dyar's  description  of  larva  and  pupa  is  as  follows : 

"Head  green,  7  mm.  wide.  Body  pale  green,  with  a  faint  sub-dorsal  white 
band.  Warts  i  and  ii  imited,  bearing  about  ten  setae  with  simple  ends;  iii 
with  six  setae;  a  small  wart  behind  it  with  two  setae  (iiia) ;  iv  -1-  v  with  two 
large  setae  and  several  small  ones;  a  single  seta  behind  this  (iiib)  ;  vi  with 
a  distinct  tubercle,  but  somewhat  confused  among  the  secondary  hairs;  vii  of 
three  large  setae  with  several  shorter  ones ;  secondary  hairs  scattered  over  the 
body,  and  these  as  well  as  some  shorter  ones  from  the  warts  have  swollen  or 
cleft  tips. 

"Pupa.  Slender,  tapering  behind,  fastened  by  the  cremaster.  A  row  of 
sub-dorsal  tubercles  bearing  four  spines  in  a  fan-like  arrangement,  continued 
as  a  carinated  ridge  on  the  thorax.  Thorax  widened,  the  cases  produced  into  a 
point  along  the  abdomen.  Two  slight  points  above  the  eyes.  Whitish  green, 
cases  more  greenish.  There  are  several  spines  on  the  thorax,  and  some  fine, 
soft  hairs  on  abdomen  laterally.     Another  pupa  was  light  purplish  brown. 

"On  the  buds  of  blackberry  (Rubus),  Keene  Valley,  N.  Y.,  June.  Found 
with  Batalis  basilaris  Zell.,  but  more  closely  resembles  the  blackberry  buds  than 
this  Tineid  does." 


304 

3.  Pterophorus  cygnus  n.  sp.    PI.  XLIX,  fig.  2. 
fOxyptilus  tenuidactylus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  pi.  VI,  ff.  4-6,  1898(?). 

We  are  unable  to  point  out  any  superficial  differences  between  cygmis 
and  tenuidactylus  except  in  the  abdomen,  hence  the  description  of  the  latter 
species  will  answer  almost  completely  for  this.  The  hind  legs  of  the  unique 
t>-pe  are  unfortunately  lacking,  but  in  species  otherwise  so  close  we  think  it 
unlikely  that  they  would  show  any  marked  difference.  The  abdomen  differs 
from  that  of  tenuidactylus  in  that  every  segment  is  marked  more  or  less  with 
white  above,  including  the  fourth.  This,  together  with  the  third  and  fifth,  is 
heavily  marked.  Beneath,  the  fourth  segment  bears  two  white  dashes,  while 
the  others  are  mostly  brown.     Expanse  13  mm. 

Described  from  one  male,  (holotype)  taken  at  Iowa  City,  la.,  July  2, 
1918,  by  A.  W.  Lindsey,  and  now  in  coll.  Barnes. 

In  the  male  genitalia  differences  are  found  in  the  uncus,  vinculum 
and  valves  as  shovvn  in  the  figures.  The  oedeagus  was  lost  in  making 
tlie  slide.  Fernald's  figures  agree  except  in  the  shape  of  the  vinculum. 
Since  Fernald  removed  the  entire  abdomen  for  study,  we  are  unable 
to  check  this  by  superficial  characters. 

4.  Pterophorus  raptor  Meyrick.     PI.  XLI,  fig.  6.     PI.  XLIX,  fig.  3. 

Oxyptilus  raptor  Meyrick,  Trans.   Ent.  Soc.  Loud.   1907,  478,  1908. 
Id.,  Gen.   Ins.  C,  7,   1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars   17,  8,   1913   (in  part). 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,   1917   (in  part). 

The  original  description  is  as  follows : 

"9.  19  mm.  Palpi  whitish,  spotted  with  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  brown 
mixed  with  dark  fuscous,  segmental  margins  mixed  with  white.  Legs  white, 
lined  and  banded  with  dark  fuscous.  Forcwings  cleft  from  beyond  middle, 
segments  narrow,  first  pointed,  second  somewhat  dilated,  its  apex  long,  acute, 
termen  concave ;  ferruginous-fuscous,  irrorated  with  dark  fuscous ;  a  small  dark 
fuscous  spot  on  base  of  cleft;  first  segment  crossed  by  two  inwardly  oblique 
whitish  bars  at  1/3  and  2/3,  former  rather  broad,  latter  slender;  a  similar  bar 
crossing  second  segment  at  2/3;  cilia  dark  fuscous,  on  costa  more  blackish, 
and  barred  with  whitish  on  costal  markings,  beneath  apex  with  two  whitish 
bars,  on  termen  of  second  segment  whitish  except  toward  angles,  on  dorsum 
mostly  whitish  with  dark  fuscous  bars  before  and  beyond  cleft,  and  a  dark 
fuscous  patch  towards  tornus.  Hind-wings  cleft  firstly  from  2/S,  secondly 
from  1/4,  segments  very  slender;  dark  fuscous,  third  segment  brownish- 
ochreous  from  base  to  near  2/3  and  at  apex ;  cilia  fuscous,  both  margins  of 
third  segment  with  a  patch  of  blackish  scales  extending  from  before  2/3  of 
segment  to  5/6. 

"Colorado,  U.  S. ;  one  specimen." 


305 

With  a  series  of  eleven  specimens  of  both  sexes  before  us  we 
are  unable  to  add  to  this  description  except  by  noting  the  position  of 
the  first  pair  of  spurs  on  the  hind  tibiae  in  contrast  to  the  preceding 
species,  as  noted  in  the  key.  Our  specimens  are  from  Denver,  Chimney 
Gulch  and  South  Park,  Colo.,  taken  by  Oslar.  Only  two  are  dated, 
one  June  23  from  Chimney  Gulch  and  one  Aug.  19  from  South  Park. 
We  have  seen  a  single  9  labelled  Hessville,  Ind..  Sept.  8.  which  was 
submitted  by  Mr.  A.  K.  Wyatt  for  identification. 

5.     Pterophoku.s  NiNGORis  Walsingham.    PI.  XLI,  fig.  7.    PI.  XLIX, 

fig.  6. 
Ox-yft'ltts  ningoris  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  26,  pi.  II,  f.  6,  1880. 

Fernald.  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  20,  pi.  VI,  ff.  1-3,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  442,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII,  923,  1904  (biol.). 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  SO,  1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  7,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  8,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917. 

Britton,  Ins.  Conn.  103,  1920. 
%Oxyptilus  nigoris  Murtfeldt,  Proc.  Nat.  Sci.  Club,  13,  1896. 
Oxyptilus  hernardinus  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  315,  1908. 
Oxyptilus  raptor  Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  8,  1913  (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917  (in  part). 
General  color  dull  brown  with  a  grayish  cast,  due  to  the  presence  of  true 
brown  only  at  the  tips  of  the  scales.  Head  with  a  few  whitish  scales.  Antennae 
light  spotted  above,  otherwise  dark.  Palpi  rather  long  and  slender,  oblique, 
dark  brown  with  both  joints  white-tipped.  Fore  and  middle  legs  white  striped 
with  brown,  the  tarsi  largely  brown  on  their  inner  surface.  Hind  legs  pure 
white  with  the  usual  bands  at  the  bases  of  tlie  spurs  and  on  the  joints  of  the 
tarsi.  Tibiae  also  with  an  incompletely  spiral  brown  line  preceding  spurs. 
First  spurs  attached  about  three-fifths  from  base  of  tibia  and  reaching  its  tip. 
Abdomen  with  many  white  scales  and  a  pair  of  subdorsal  stripes  made  up  of 
divergent  dashes  on  e.ich  segment.  Beneath  mostly  white,  due  to  anastomosis 
of  longitudinal  white  stripes. 

Fore  wings  usually  with  a  somewhat  hoary  appearance,  sometimes  accen- 
tuated by  the  presence  of  white  and  fuscous  scales,  particularly  along  the  costa. 
First  lobe  crossed  by  the  usual  two  lines,  the  outer  slender,  the  inner  broad. 
Both  arc  continued  on  the  second  lobe,  but  are  ven,'  variable,  sometimes  exten- 
sive and  sometimes  greatly  reduced.  The  outer  line  reaches  the  anal  angle  in 
well  marked  specimens.     Cleft   preceded  by  a   few   white  scales,  and  disk  with 


306 

two  vague  whitish  spots,  one  near  inner  margin  about  one-third  from  base 
and  one  beyond  it  in  cell.  These  wings  are  cleft  from  about  the  middle,  and 
the  lobes  are  somewhat  narrow,  so  that  in  general  appearance  the  species  looks 
like  a  Trichoptitus.  Fringes  fuscous  at  apex,  becoming  white  toward  base  of 
cleft  and  containing  brown  scales  in  cleft.  Second  lobe  with  tufts  of  fuscous 
scales  at  apex,  anal  angle,  and  along  inner  margin.  Outer  margin  with  fringes 
partly  white,  inner  with  fuscous  fringes  between  last  two  tufts.  Secondaries 
brown,  similar  to  primaries,  with  gray-brown  fringes.  Third  lobe  somewhat 
paler,  white  beyond  middle,  with  large  tuft  of  blackish  scales  in  fringes  of 
outer  third.     Expanse  18-20  mm. 

Distribution:  California:  we  have  specimens  from  Tulare  and 
San  Bernardino  counties  and  Lake  Tahoe.  Part  of  the  type  series  was 
taken  in  Oregon.  Mr.  G.  O.  Day  sent  in  one  9  labelled  Cowichan 
Lake,  Vane.  Id.,  and  the  B.  C.  Entomological  Society  records  the  spe- 
cies from  the  mainland.  The  specimens  which  we  have  examined  were 
taken  from  the  eighteenth  of  Jime  to  the  end  of  July.  The  Connecticut 
record  is  probably  based  on  a  misidentification. 

Dyar's  account  of  the  life  history  is  as  follows: 

"Seven  specimens,  June  25,  27,  29,  August  3.  The  young  larvae  were 
found  webbing  the  heads  and  deforming  the  leaves  of  a  wooly  herbaceous  plant 
with  milky  juice,  Hicrachim  albiflorum.  The  larvae  were  very  small  but  made 
a  great  showing  as  the  whole  head  of  the  plant  is  webbed  and  distorted,  the 
leaves  cnunplcd  and  the  flower  shoot  does  not  grow  up  as  it  normally  would. 

"Larva. — Head  small,  bilobed,  pale  honey  yellow,  mouth  pointed.  Body 
robust,  tapering  a  little  at  the  ends,  feet  normal,  slender,  dilated  at  the  ends  as 
usual  in  the  Pterophoridae.  Primary  hairs  simple,  coarse,  white,  i  and  ii 
closely  approximated,  the  tubercles  black ;  iii  single,  iv  and  v  closely  approxi- 
mated, vi  single,  the  tubercles  brownish  ringed.  Numerous  small  secondary 
hairs  all  over,  white,  short,  broadly  clavate  tipped.  Olivaceous  green,  the  food 
dark;  skin  densely  covered  with  minute  black,  flat  granules;  spiracles  black 
ringed.     Later  there  is  a  deep  brown  spot  on  tubercle  i   +  ii. 

"Pupa. — Attached  by  the  anal  extremity,  free ;  pale  yellow,  the  tubercles 
like  those  of  the  larva,  the  dorsal  ones  colored  red.  The  young  larva  is  with- 
out the  capitate  secondary  hairs." 

We  have  at  hand  a  specimen  compared  by  Mr.  Meyrick  with 
Walsingham's  type  in  the  British  Museum,  the  specimens,  four  in 
number,  which  Walsingham  placed  in  the  Fernald  collection,  and  a 
specimen  personally  compared  with  Grinnell's  series  of  bernardinus, 
and  are  thus  able  to  establish  beyond  reasonable  doubt  the  identity 
and  synonymy  of  this  easily  recognized  species.  In  Grinnell's  col- 
lection we  foimd  a  series  of  five  specimens  over  this  name  which  were 
apparently  those  referred  to  in  his  description.     None  of  these  was 


307 

labelled  type,  so  we  selected  the  best  and  supplied  it  with  a  type  label 
bearing  a  note  of  the  circumstance.  We  are  not  acquainted  with  the 
European  teticrii  with  which  Walsingham  compares  his  species,  and 
so  must  accept  his  decision  that  they  are  distinct. 

6.     Pterophorus  delawaricus  Zeller.     PI.  XLI,  fig.  8.     PI.  XLIX, 

fig.  4. 
Oxyptilus  delawaricus  Zeller,  Verh.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien  XXIII,  320,  1873. 

Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  29,  pi.  II,  f.  7,  1880. 

Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,   1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  19,  pi.  VI,  ff.  7,  8,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  442,  1902. 

Dyar.  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXV,  397,  1902  (biol.). 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  7,  1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  85,  1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  7,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Oxyptilus  bernardinus  form  finitimus  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  315,  1908. 
Oxyptilus  raptor  Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  8,  1913  (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917  (in  part). 
Bright  golden  brown,  about  the  same  color  as  pcriscclidactylus.  Antennae 
white  with  brown  spots  above.  Palpi  brown  at  the  sides,  the  vestiture  of  the 
second  joint  produced  into  a  point  below  which  almost  reaches  tip  of  third. 
Legs  brown  and  white  striped,  fore  and  middle  tarsi  with  each  joint  partly 
brown  on  one  side.  Hind  legs  banded  and  striped  as  in  the  preceding  species. 
Abdomen  with  diverging  white  dashes  above  and  some  white  scales  in  the 
posterior  half  below. 

Wings  marked  as  in  raptor,  from  which  they  differ  conspicuously  in  color. 
Expanse  13-20  mm. 

Distribution:  N.  J.  to  ^Mass.  and  Quebec.  S.  Cal.  to  B.  C.  Early 
Tune  to  early  Aug.  We  have  seen  a  single  speciinen  from  \'an- 
couver  Id. 

This  is  the  only  North  American  species  belonging  to  the  group 
characterized  by  the  tufted  second  papal  joint  and  weak,  membra- 
nous claspers. 

Zeller  described  this  species  from  a  single  male  from  the  Dela- 
ware River  which  should  now  be  in  the  British  jMuseum.  Unfor- 
tunately we  had  not  yet  placed  the  species  when  we  submitted  speci- 
mens to  Mr.  Meyrick  for  comparison  with  the  types  in  that  institution, 
but  from  Walsingham's  notes  in  the  "Pterophoridae  of  California  and 
Oregon"  we  feel  that  its  identity  is  sufficiently  well  established.     The 


308 

single  specimen  mentioned  in  Grinnell's  description  of  bcrnardinus  and 
named  fiititimus  was  found  to  be  without  a  label  in  the  Grinnell  col- 
lection, though  placed  in  the  series  of  bernardinus.  We  labelled  this 
specimen  type.  It  was  so  badly  rubbed  that  comparison  was  difficult, 
but  left  no  doubt  that  it  is  the  same  as  the  species  figured  by  Walsing- 
ham  under  the  name  dclawaricus.  As  to  the  identity  of  the  eastern  and 
western  insects,  we  have  felt  some  doubt.  We  have  only  two  speci- 
mens from  the  east,  both  taken  at  Essex  Co.  Park,  N.  J.,  by  W.  D. 
Kearfott,  June  30  and  July  15.  One  is  a  male,  and  we  are  unable  to 
find  specific  differences  between  its  genitalia  and  those  of  western 
specimens.  Our  western  series,  including  eleven  specimens,  comes 
from  British  Columbia  and  Washington.  These  specimens  are,  on 
the  whole,  larger  and  brighter  than  the  two  from  New  Jersey,  but 
in  the  Fernald  collection  we  find  these  conditions  reversed.  We  are 
therefore  disposed  to  believe  that  Walsingham  and  Zeller  were  right 
in  their  reference  of  the  Californian  species  to  delaiivricits.  It  is  quite 
likely  that  the  species  will  be  found  in  intervening  territory,  either  in 
the  States  or  in  a  northward  curve  in  Canada,  to  connect  the  isolated 
localities  which  we  are  now  able  to  give. 

Dyar's  notes  on  the  early  stages  are  puzzling  to  us,  and  we  believe 
that  they  cannot  refer  to  the  true  dclawaricus.  Our  notes  on  the 
National  Museum  material  do  not  mention  his  specimens  in  detail, 
but  record  no  true  dchri^'aricns.  All  Colorado  specimens  which  we 
listed  were  tcnuidactylits.  .Since  dclawaricus  has  tufted  palpi  and  weak 
genitalia,  we  should  expect  its  early  stages  to  be  decidedly  ditlerent 
from  pcriscclidactylus,  which  belongs  in  the  other  group,  and  think 
that  Dyar's  notes  refer  either  to  raptor  or  another  species.  His  re- 
marks on  the  adult  suggest  pcriscclidactylus,  though  he  makes  them 
in  contrasting  with  that  species. 

We  have  examinetl  several  European  species  belonging  to  this 
group  and  concluded  that  dclaicaricns  is  distinct   from  them. 

Genus  Platyptilia  Huebner. 

Logotype  Aluciia  gonodactyla  D.  &  S. 

Phityflilia  Huebner,  Verz.  bek.   Schmett.  429,   1826. 
Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  9,   1886. 
Id.,  op.  cit.  485,  1890. 
Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 


309 

Meyrick,  Handbook  432,   1895. 

Hofmaim,  Deutsch.  Pter.  48,  60,   1895. 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  22,   1896. 

Femald,  Pter.  N.  A.  22,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  442,  1902. 

Tiitt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905,  cites  gonodaclyla  D.  &  S.  (mcgadactyla 
Hbn.)  as  type. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  9,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  10,  1913. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  437,   1915. 

Mosher.  Class.  Lep.   Pupae  70,   1916. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   ISO,   1917. 
§Amplyptilia  Huebner,  Verz.  bek.  Schmett.  430,  1826. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905,  cites  acanthodactyla  Hbn   as  type. 
Ainhlyptilia  Huebner,  Verz.  bek.  Schmett.,  Anz.  72,  1827. 

Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  48,  82,  1895. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905,  cites  acanthodactyla  as  type. 

I\Ie\Tick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  9,  1910. 
XPlatyptilus  Zeller,  Isis  X,  764,  1841.     New  name  for  Platyptilia  Hbn. 

Wallengren,  Skand.  FjSd.  11.  1859. 

Zeller,  Stett,  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIII,  331,  332,  1867. 

Jordan,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  VI,  120,  1869. 

Walsingham,  Pter,  Cal.  Ore.  3,  1880. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905,  cites  gonodactyla  D.  &  S.  as  type. 
WCnaemidophorus     Wallengren,     Skand.     Fjad.     10,     1859.     Haplotype     rhodo- 
dactyla  D.  &  S. 

Jordan,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  VI,  120,  1869. 

Tutt,  Pter,  Brit.   18,   1896. 

Id.,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905. 
tAmblyptilus  Wallengren,  Skand.   Fjad.    13,   1859.     New   form   for  Ambtypiilin 
Hbn. 

Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIII,  331,  335.  1867. 

Jordan,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  VI,  121,  1869. 

Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  21,  1880. 
Sochchora  Walker,  List  Lep.   Ins.  B.  M.  XXX.  952,   1864.     Haplotype  5'.  don- 
atclla  Wlk. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  36,  1905. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  436,  1915. 
tCncmidophorus  Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIII,  332,  1865. 
Eucnacmidophortis  Wallengren,  Ent.  Tidsk.  II,  96,  1881.     New  name  for  Cnae- 
midophorus  Wallengren,  preoccupied. 

Hofmann,  Deutsch,  Pter.  48,  57,  1895. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  26,  1905. 


310 

Cilbcrtia  Walsingham,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XXVII,  259,   1891.     Orthotype  G.  eques 
Wlsm. 
Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  36,  1891. 
Crocydoscclus  Walsingham,   Trans.    Ent.    Soc.    Lond.   35,    1897.     Orthotype   C. 
fcrruginea  Wlsm. 
Tutt,  Ent.  Rec  XVII,  36,   1905. 
Gillmeria  Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  27,  1905.     Orthotype  ochrodactyla  D.  &  S. 
Frcdericina  id.,  loc.  cit.     Orthotype  cdodactyla  D.  &  S. 

Front  with  a  prominent  scale  tuft  in  some  species,  usually  with  at  least 
a  moderate  tuft.  Palpi  short,  scarcely  exceeding  front,  to  long;  second 
joint  obhque,  third  porrect.  Tibiae  sometimes  with  slight  scale  tufts.  Fore 
wings  cleft  not  more  than  one-third  their  length,  anal  angle  evident  on 
both  lobes,  in  some  species  prominent  and  in  some  retreating.  Vein  Cu,.  well 
before  angle,  Cu^  near  angle.  R^,  R.,  and  R-  separate,  R„  and  R^  stalked. 
Hindwings  trifid,  third  segment  with  black  scales  or  scale  tuft  in  fringes  of 
inner  margin  in  most  species.  Vein  Cu.,  from  middle  of  cell,  CUj  from  near 
angle.     (See  pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  3). 

As  noted  by  Meyrick  in  the  Genera  Insectorinn  this  genus  ap- 
proaches Stcnoptilia  closely.  In  some  of  the  species  which  we  include 
here  the  black  scales  are  lacking,  and  we  retain  them  in  Platyptilia 
only  because  they  seem  generally  closer  to  the  characteristic  species 
of  that  genus.  Referring  again  to  Meyrick  in  this  connection,  we 
quote  his  statement  that  "as  the  two  types  are  really  quite  distinct 
and  in  general  easily  separable  on  a  comparison  of  all  the  characters, 
it  is  desirable  to  keep  them  separate." 

We  are  not  adopting  the  grouping  proposed  for  this  genus,  based, 
so  far  as  it  concerns  us,  on  the  scale  tuft,  because  it  is  likely  to  prove 
too  confusing  in  the  separation  of  the  North  American  species. 

The  identification  of  these  insects  is  by  no  means  easy,  though 
some  of  the  species  are  well  marked  and  may  be  recognized  without 
trouble.  Others  are  difficult  to  place,  even  with  an  abundance  of 
material  and  authentic  specimens  at  hand.  Of  these  we  can  only 
say  that  careful  study  of  the  superficial  characters  has  led  us  to  believe 
that  the  species  which  we  retain  are  all  valid,  with  possibly  one  or  two 
exceptions.  Unfortunately  the  genitalia  are  of  no  assistance  in  such 
cases,  for  throughout  the  genus  they  seem  to  differ  in  proportion  to 
the  other  characters.  Keying  such  a  genus  has  naturally  been  a  try- 
ing task,  and  unsatisfactory  in  its  results,  but  we  feel  that  the  key 
which  we  present  will  suffice  for  the  identification  of  most  material. 


311 

Key  to  the  Species 

1.  Frontal  tuft  as  long  as  eye  or  longer,  conical  2 

Frontal  tuft  usually  distinctly  shorter  and  more  blunt.  Doubtful  speci- 
mens may  be  placed  by  presence  of  dark  triangle  on  primaries  before 
cleft     4 

2.  Tuft  longer  than  palpi  albcrtae 

Tuft  not  longer  than  palpi.  Faint  dark  scale  tuft  in  fringes  of  inner 
margin  of  third  feather,  or  scattered  dark  scales .3 

3.  Scale    tooth    near   middle    of    feather;    no    other   dark    scales   present 

pallidactyla 

Scale  tooth  near  end  of  feather;  sometimes  not  evident Carolina 

4.  Palpi  short,  slightly  exceeding  front.    Third  feather  with  a  weak  scale 

tuft   near   middle    tesseradactyla 

Palpi  distinctly  exceeding  front  or  species  otherwise  different 5 

5     Third  feather  of  secondaries  with  a  well  marked  tuft  of  dark  scales  in 
fringes  of  inner  margin,  usually  with  scattered  black  scales  preceding  it      C 
This  tuft  entirely  absent  or  faint,  and  of  very  slender  scales,  rarely  pre- 
ceded by  other  dark  scales  16 

6.  Scale  tuft  at  middle  of  margin   7 

Scale  tuft  beyond  middle  (in  some  cases  scarcely  beyond,  beginning  at 
middle)     9 

7.  Color  more  or  less  tawny.     Second  joint  of  hind  tarsi   scarcely  dark 

tipped.     Wings  usually  warm  brown  8 

Color  gray-brown.  Second  joint  of  hind  tarsi  as  deeply  dark  tipped  as 
those   following    zvilHamsii 

8.  Scale  tuft  strong,  triangular,  sometimes  prolonged carduidactyla 

Scale  tuft  weaker,  scarcely  triangular,  sometimes  very  faint  or  even 
absent    pcrcnodactyla 

9.  Scale  tuft  within  distal  third  of  feather 10 

Scalt  tuft  farther  from  end  of  feather  13 

10.  Brown,  conspicuously  marked  with  white.    Third  feather  of  secondaries 

chiefly  white  except  opposite  scale  tooth rhododactyla 

Not  such  species  11 

11.  Abdomen  evenly  colored  or  with  faint  parallel  stripes;  a  variable  num- 
ber of   segments   with   single  dorsal   dots   on   hind   margins.     A   small 

species    crcniilata 

Abdomen  with  oblique  stripes  and  rough  vestiture 12 

12.  Size  usually  large,   19-31   mm.     Grayish   with  conspicuous  dark  markings. 

Scales  in  tuft  of  about  equal  length  throughout cdwardsii 

Size  moderate,  20  mm.  Dark  gray  with  the  markings  scarcely  darker. 
Scales  in  tuft  becoming  more  or  less  perceptibly  shorter  outward,  tuft 
therefore    slightly    triangular    auriga 

13.  First  lobe  of  primaries  beyond  base  of  cleft  with  a  triangular  pale 
brown  spot  resting  on  cleft  with  apex  on  costa.  Scale  tuft  about  two- 
thirds    from    base    marmarodactyla 

Triangle  vague  or  absent.     Tuft  just  beyond  middle 14 


312 

14.  Wings  in  general  warm  brown   acanthodactyta 

Wings  of  colder  shades;  grayish  or  black  and  white 15 

15.  Contrastingly   black   and   white.     Abdomen   distally   white   above   and 

below     P'^" 

Rarely  with  contrasting  black  and  white  areas;  the  white  always  suf- 
fused and  powdery.    Abdomen  without  the  white  areas punctidactyla 

16.  With  a  few  slender  dark  scales  very  faintly  indicating  a  scale  tuft  near 
end  of  third  feather  of  secondaries,  scarcely  visible  to  the  naked  eye 
and   occasionally   lacking.     A  large  species  with   the  dark   areas  gray. 

Expanse  27  mm.  or  over albidorsclla 

Dark  scales  scattered  or  absent.     If  grayish,  size  usually  less  than  26 
mm 1' 

17.  Triangular  patch  at  base  of  cleft  well  marked  and  usually  conspicu- 
ously darker  than  wing   1^ 

Triangular  patch  never  well  developed,  usually  not  indicated 22 

18.  Size  large,  expanse  about  35  mm grandis 

Smaller,  less  than  30  mm 19 

19.  Hind  tibiae  with  dark  areas  in  the  form  of  more  or  less  definite  annuli 

at  bases  of  spurs ;  sometimes  entirely  pale 20 

Hind  legs  more  evenly  suffused  with  dark  shades  or  inwardly  dark  and 
outwardly    pale    21 

20.  Pale  areas  brownish  white  to  buff  white   fragilis 

Pale  areas  white  to  pale  gray   albida 

21.  Brown,  only  the  dark  brown  triangular  patch  conspicuous.  Fresh  speci- 
mens with  a  powdering  of  bluish  scales  on  the  primaries.    Outer  margin 

of  second  lobe  evenly  rounded,  anal  angle  retreating alhiciliata 

Ground  color  buff.     Triangular  patch  brownish  black.     Outer  margin 
of  second  lobe  slightly  wavy,  with  a  median  prominence.     Anal  angle 

more    prominent    ortUocarfi 

General  color  more  grayish  shastac 

22.  Costal  lobe  of  primaries  with  a  conspicuous  oblique  black  dash,  .fctrodactyla 
Without  such  a  dash   ii 

23.  Inner  margin  of  primaries  with  two  clusters  of  dark  scales  in  fringes 

below  base  of  cleft  macii 

Fringe  of  this  margin  without  such  marks  2-1 

24.  Primaries  with  two  brown  and  two  whitish  transverse  bands  of  about 
equal  width  on  first  lobe  or  darker  and  with  a  faint  scale  tuft  at  middle 

of  third  feather  of  secondaries  albicans 

Only  one  narrow  pale  transverse  band,  if  any 25 

25.  Costal  fringes  of  primaries  pale   (subapical) xylopsamma 

Costal  fringes  dark   26 

26.  With  a  dark  dot  before  base  of  cleft  27 

Without  such  a  dot   albiilliala 


313 

27.  With  a  pale  longitudinal  dash  near  costa  of  primaries  above  base  of 
cleft  in  most  specimens.  Costa  usually  darker  before  cleft.  Subterm- 
inal  pale  line  on  first  lobe  usually  traceable.     Two  spots  or  a  transverse 

line  before  cleft  in  many  specimens   schwarzi 

Costa  more  evenly  colored.    Subterminal  line  rarely  faintly  marked.    A 
single  heavy  spot  before  cleft   modesta 

1.     Platyptilia  rhododactyla  D.  &  S.    PI.  XLIII,  fig.  3. 
Alucita  rhododactyla  Denis  &  SchifTermueller,  Wien.  Verz.  146,  1776. 
Ptcrophonis  rhododactylus  Fabricius,  Mant.  Ins.  II,  258,  1787. 

Porritt,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XII,  88,  1875  (biol.). 
Cmicmidophorus  rhododactylus  Wallengren,  Skand.  Fjad.  1(1.  1859. 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  19,  1896  (biol.). 
Platyptilus  rhododactylus  Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  928,  1864. 
Eucncmidophorus  rhododactylus  Hofmann,  Deutsch,  Pter.  58,  1895   (biol.). 
Platyptilia  rhododactyla  Meyrick,  Handbook  435,  1895. 

Dyar,  Ent.  Rec.  XI,  140,  pi.  I,  f.  4,  1899  (larva). 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  10,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  11,  1913. 
Bright  brown,  thorax   white  behind.     Antennae  dotted   with  dark  brown 
and  white  above.     Palpi  short,  scarcely  exceeding   front.     Legs  white,  femora 
brown,   tibiae  with  brown   tufts,   joints  of  hind  tarsi   brown  tipped.     Abdomen 
without  marks. 

Primaries  crossed  by  an  oblique  white  band  just  before  cleft.  This  band 
widens  or  turns  outward  near  inner  margin,  which  it  does  not  always  reach. 
First  lobe  with  a  slight  whitish  dash  near  apex.  Disk  with  vague  white  spots, 
one  near  inner  margin  one-third  from  base,  and  one  in  cell  near  middle  of 
wing.  Transverse  line  bordered  inwardly  opposite  cleft  by  a  dark  brown  dash 
preceded  by  an  area  slightly  darker  than  the  ground  color.  Costa  with  a  few 
white  scales.  Outer  margin  with  a  dark  terminal  line,  fringes  whitish  with 
small  tufts  of  brown  scales  in  their  base  at  apex  of  both  lobes  and  anal  angle 
of  first,  and  a  broad  tuft  at  anal  angle  of  second,  gray  brown  opposite  all  tufts 
and  in  cleft.  Hind  wings  also  brown,  but  of  a  duller  shade  than  primaries. 
Third  feather  white  in  basal  tw-o-thirds  with  some  brown  scales.  Fringes  gray- 
brown,  with  white  scales  along  inner  margin  and  at  apex  of  third  feather, 
and  a  large  tuft  of  brown  scales  preceding  apex.     Expanse  about  22  mm. 

We  have  been  unable  to  examine  the  male  genitalia  of  this  species, 
for  our  series  includes  only  four  females. 

Distribution:  Europe.  The  only  North  American  specimens 
which  we  have  seen  are  the  series  reared  by  Miss  Murtfeldt  at  Kirk- 
wood,  ^lo.  Whether  the  species  is  actually  established  on  this  con- 
tinent or  not,  we  are  unable  to  say.  The  series  mentioned  is  dated 
]\Tay  and  June  of  several  years.    We  have  two  of  the  specimens  from 


314 

the  Kearfott  collection,  one  from  Dr.  W.  T.  M.  Forbes  from  the 
Murtfeldt  collection  at  Cornell,  and  a  single  European  specimen  ob- 
tained through  Mr.  Busck.  The  Cornell  collection  contains  thirteen 
other  specimens  from  Miss  Murtfeldt  and  the  Fernald  collection  one. 

The  life  history  of  the  species  has  been  described  in  a  number 
of  places.  We  reproduce  the  descriptions  of  larva  and  pupa  given 
by  Porritt  in  the  Ent.  Mo.  Mag. : 

Larva:  "Length  about  half  an  inch,  and  of  tolerable  bulk  in  proportion: 
body  cylindrical  and  strongly  attenuated  towards  the  extremities;  is  consid- 
erably retractile,  and  when  at  rest  has  a  dumpy  appearance;  the  head  is  small, 
globular,  smooth  and  shining,  about  the  same  width,  or  perhaps  ver>-  slightly 
narrower,  than  the  second  segment ;  the  segmental  divisions  are  distinctly 
marked;  the  skin  soft,  but  has  a  slightly  rough  appearance,  and  is  sparingly, 
though  conspicuously,  clothed  with  short  hairs. 

"The  ground-colour  is  a  rather  bright  greenish-yellow,  in  some  specimens 
yellowish-green;  the  head  is  grayish,  with  the  cheeks  and  mandibles  shining 
black.  A  very  conspicuous  purple  stripe  forms  the  medio-dorsal  line, — from 
the  2nd  to  6th  segment  this  stripe  appears  as  composed  of  round  purplish  marks 
joined  at  the  segmental  divisions,  consequently  the  stripe  is  rather  broad ;  on 
the  remaining  segments  it  is  much  narrower  and  more  uniform,  but  equally 
distinct ;  the  sub-dorsal  and  spiracular  lines  are  yellow,  but  only  faintly  indi- 
cated; the  segmental  divisions  are  also  yellow.  The  ventral  surface  and  prolegs 
are  uniformly  dingy  green  or  yellowish,  according  to  the  ground  of  the  dorsal 
surface ;  legs  black  and  shining. 

"The  larvae  were  found  feeding  on  wild  rose,  beneath  the  leaf  overlapping 
the  rosebud,  eating  into  the  unexpanded  bud  from  the  side ;  others,  however, 
were  found  feeding  in  similar  positions  at  the  tips  of  the  young  shoots.  When 
full-grown  those  that  have  been  feeding  on  the  buds  affix  themselves  to  the  side 
of  the  leaf  close  by  the  bud,  and  draw  the  leaf  and  the  bud  together  by  means 
of  a  few  silken  threads;  the  others  draw  together  in  a  similar  way  several 
leaves  at  the  end  of  the  young  shoot. 

"The  pupa  is  about  three-eighths  to  half-an-inch  in  len.gth ;  pale  green, 
the  wing-cases  whitish,— the  eye-  antenna-  and  leg-cases,  also  the  edging  of  the 
wing  cases,  smoky-black." 

Tutt,  in  the  Pterophorina  of  Britain,  quotes  these  descriptions 
with  a  very  few  additions. 

2.     Platyptilia  marmarodactyla  Dyar.     PI.  XLI,  fig.  9.     PI.   L, 

fig.  10. 
Platvplilia  marmarodaclyla  Dyar,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  442,  1902. 

Id,,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  V,  296,  1903. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  13,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 


315 

Platyptilia  pasadencnsis  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  317,  1908. 
Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  13,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 

In  general  brownish-gray,  with  faint  transverse  whitish  lines  on  the  pri- 
maries, producing  a  wavy  appearance.  Head  and  thorax  with  scales  pale  edged, 
the  latter  with  a  velvety  black  area  behind,  followed  by  a  broad  white  margin. 
Abdomen  with  some  whitish  scales.  Antennae  slightly  paler  below  than  above, 
palpi  moderate,  oblique,  exceeding  the  short  blunt  frontal  tuft.  Legs  whitish, 
with  dark  bands  and  stripes  on  fore  and  mid  tibiae.  Hind  tibiae  entirely  dark. 
All  tarsi  with  dark  annuli. 

Primaries  narrow,  both  lobes  crossed  near  outer  margin  by  a  slender, 
wavy  white  line.  The  terminal  area  is  marked  with  white  scales.  Transverse 
line  preceded  by  a  dark  triangle  whose  base  rests  on  the  costa,  and  followed 
by  a  dark  costal  dot ;  in  second  lobe  preceded  by  a  dark  shade.  A  dark  trans- 
verse line  before  the  cleft  is  connected  to  a  dark  costal  triangle,  and  the  space 
between  this  and  the  similar  outer  mark  is  pale  brownish  buff.  This  pale  mark, 
roughly  triangular,  is  a  convenient  distinguishing  feature  of  the  species.  From 
the  apex  of  the  outer  dark  triangle  a  dark  line  usually  projects  into  the  pale 
area.  Outer  margin  crenulate.  Fringes  greyish,  with  scattered  black  scales 
in  cleft  and  along  inner  margin,  and  a  basal  row  of  similar  scales  on  the  outer 
margin.  Secondaries  grey-brown,  fringes  concolorous,  with  scattered  black 
scales  on  inner  margin  of  third  feather  and  a  tooth  of  black  scales  at  two- 
thirds  from  base,  usually  more  or  less  triangular,  but  variable.  Expanse 
16-19  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  are  quite  different  from  those  of  the  species 
to  which  marmarodaciyla  seems  most  closely  related.  The  narrovir, 
regular  claspers  can  readily  be  examined  in  situ  under  a  binocular. 

Distribution:  Colo.,  S.  Cal.,  Ariz.,  N.  M.  We  have  a  series  of 
over  one  hundred  specimens  from  San  Diego,  Cal.,  taken  from  late 
in  April  to  early  June,  and  late  in  October.  From  other  California 
localities  we  have  specimens  taken  in  March,  June,  July  and  August; 
from  Arizona,  April  and  July,  and  from  Colorado  in  July.  New 
Mexico  is  one  of  the  type  localities. 

Of  the  three  cotypes  submitted  to  us  in  the  National  Museum 
material,  two  from  Las  Vegas  Hot  Springs,  N.  M.,  Aug.,  were  found 
to  represent  our  conception  of  this  species.  The  third,  from  the  Santa 
Rita  Mts.,  Ariz.,  May  26,  1898,  belongs  to  crcmdata  B.  &  McD.,  and 
bears  our  label  to  that  effect.  The  type  S  of  pasadencnsis  Grinnell 
from  Pasadena,  Cal.,  July,  proved  to  be  easily  referable  to  this  species. 

We  know  nothing  of  the  early  stages,  except  that  a  label  was 
pinned   into   the   National   Museum   series  saying  that  the   species   is 


316 

destructive  to  the  flowers  of  white  sage.     This  may  or  may  not  apply 
to  this  species,  since  the  label  was  not  attached  to  a  specimen. 

3.     Platyptilia  cri:ni:lata  Barnes  &  McDunnough.    PI.  XLI,  fig.  15. 

PL  L,  f^g.  5. 
Platyptilia  crenulata  Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  Lep.  N.  A.  II,  185, 
pi.  Ill,  f.  8,  1913. 
Id.,  Check  List  150,   1917. 
Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII,  135,  1917. 

Brownish  gray  in  general  appearance,  thorax  behind  and  base  of  abdomen 
whitish.  Abdomen  more  tawny,  with  whitish  scales  and  black  dorsal  dots  in 
posterior  margins  of  some  segments.  Palpi  and  antennae  concolorous  with 
liead,  second  joint  of  the  former  with  a  slight  scale  tuft  projecting  beneath 
the  rather  prominent  third  joint.  Fore  and  mid  tibiae  brown  and  white  striped, 
not  banded  as  in  marmarodactyla:  tarsi  dark  on  one  side.  Hind  legs  evenly 
drab. 

Primaries  tawny  gray  at  base,  becoming  darker  outward,  more  or  less 
marked  with  brown  and  whitish  scales.  A  vague  dark  triangle  on  costa  before 
cleft,  apically  produced.  First  lobe  crossed  by  a  white  line  at  its  outer  third, 
whence  a  heavy  dark  dash  and  a  dark  costal  shade  run  toward  base,  the  latter 
containing  a  smaller  dash.  Tlie  region  into  which  these  dashes  run  is  pale,  as 
in  marmarodactyla,  but  less  conspicuous.  Terminal  area  with  some  whitish 
scales.  Second  lobe  with  whitish  scales  and  a  vague  indication  of  a  white  line. 
Fringes  whitish  to  grayish  tawny,  with  black  scales  along  inner  margin  and  a 
basal  row  on  tlie  conspicuously  wavy  outer  margin.  Secondaries  gray-brown 
with  concolorous  fringes.  Inner  margin  of  third  lobe  with  scattered  black 
.scales  and  a  variable  tuft  just  before  apex.     Expanse  9-16  mm. 

The  form  of  tiie  male  genitalia  shows  that  this  species  is  more 
closely  related  to  pitnctidactyla  than  to  marmarodactyla,  and  this  is 
born  out  by  a  close  examination  of  the  superficial  characters.  In  gen- 
eral habitus,  however,  it  agrees  rather  better  with  the  latter  species. 

Distribution :  Described  from  a  series  of  six  specimens,  a  type 
i  and  five  "cotypes",  from  Ft.  Myers,  Chokololcskee  and  Everglade, 
Fla..  taken  in  April  and  May.  We  are  able  to  add  Arizona  and  south- 
ern California  to  its  range,  and  it  probably  occurs  in  the  intervening 
Gulf  States.  We  have  but  one  Californian  specimen  from  San  Diego, 
and  one  from  Yuma  Co.,  Ariz.,  May.  The  cotype  of  marmarodactyla 
which  belongs  here  was  taken  in  the  Santa  Rita  Mts.,  Ariz.,  in  May. 
A  superficial  examination  of  the  genitalia  of  this  specimen,  which  is 
now  before  us,  proves  beyond  a  doubt  that  we  are  right  in  separating 
it   from  the  remaining  cotypes. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  early  stages. 


317 

4.     Platyptilia  punctidactyla  Haworth.     PI.  XLI,  fig.  10,  11.     PI. 

L,  fig.  13. 
Alucita  punctidactyla  Haworth,  Lep.  Brit.  479,  1812. 
Alucita  cosmodactyta   Huebner,   Samttil.   Eur.    Schmett.,   Aluc.   pi.   VII,    £f.   35, 

36,    1823. 
Alucita  ulodactyla  Zetterstedt,  Ins.  Lapp.  1012,  1840. 

Platyptilus  cosnwdactylus  Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  929,  1864. 
Phityf'tilus  cosmodactyliis  van  stacliydalis  Frey,  Mitt.   Schweiz,   Ent.   Ges.   III. 
290,  1870. 

Id.,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXXII,  125,  1871. 
Amblypiilus  cosmodactyliis  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  23,  pi.  II,  £f.  2,  4,  1880. 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  403,  1882. 
%Amblyptilia  cosmodaotyla  Hofmann,  Deiitsch  Pter.  85,  1895. 
Amhlyptilia  cosmodactyla  id.,  op.cit.  89,  1895  (biol.). 
Amblyptilia  punctidactyla  Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  57,  1896  (bio!.). 
Platyptilia  cosmodactyla  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep,  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Mevrick,  Handbook  433,  1895. 

Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  25,  pi.  IX,  ff.  1-3,  1898. 

Dyar,  Proc.  Wash.  Acad.  II,  499,  1900. 

Fernald,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  442,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXV,  399,  1902  (biol.). 

Id.,  op.  cit.  XXVII,  922,  1904   (biol.). 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  50,  1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  12,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917. 

Britton,  Ins.  Conn.  103,  1920. 
Amhlyptilia  cosmodactyla  ab.  nivca  Bankes,  Ent.  Rec.  XVIII,  39,   1906. 
Platyptilia  monticola  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  316,  1908. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Platyptilia  punctidactyla  Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  10,  1910. 

Head  and  thorax  clothed  with  black  tipped  grayish  scales  Antennae  dark 
above  and  light  below,  the  dark  area  evidently  made  up  of  connected  spots. 
Frontal  tuft  rather  short,  bluntly  conical,  surpassed  by  the  third  joint  of  the 
concolorous  palpi.  Legs  blackish,  with  white  scales  intermixed,  and  sometimes 
with  imperfect  white  stripes  on  the  fore  and  middle  tibiae  and  annulate  tarsi. 
Thorax  in  well  marked  specimens  black  behind  with  a  white  W  mark.  Abdomen 
very  variable  in  North  American  specimens,  sometimes  with  a  rather  evenly 
colored  vestiture  of  mixed  white,  tawny  and  blackish  scales,  sometimes  with  a 
mid  dorsal  stripe,  as  in  European  specimens,  made  up  of  paired  curved  whitish 
dashes  on  the  several  segments,  their  convex  sides  together  and  the  included 
space  darker. 

Primaries  brownish  gray  to  olive-black  with  a  very  variable  superficial 
white  irroration.  Costa  with  white  dots  on  a  blackish  ground,  running  from 
base   to  cleft.     A  black  triangle,   paler  on   the   costa,   reaches   just  beyond  base 


318 

of  cleft.  In  some  specimens  this  is  reduced  or  obscured  by  white  scales,  leav- 
ing a  black  transverse  line  before  cleft.  Beyond  this  triangle  the  first  lobe 
is  tawny  or  whitish,  often  suffused  with  gray,  and  blends  into  a  dark  shade 
which  precedes  the  usual  transverse  white  line.  Terminal  area  more  or  less 
white-irrorate,  apex  strongly  produced,  acute.  Second  lobe  with  the  transverse 
line  and  dark  shade  in  well  marked  specimens ;  sometimes  even  grayish.  Fringes 
white  to  dark  graj',  with  tufts  of  black  scales  along  inner  margin  and  a  basal 
crenulate  row,  sometimes  cut  with  white,  on  outer  margin.  Secondaries  brownish 
gray,  fringes  concolorous.  Third  feather  with  black  scales  along  inner  mar- 
gin, a  large  triangular  scale  tooth  just  beyond  middle  preceded  and  followed 
by  whitish  fringes,  and  a  small  tuft  at  apex.     Expanse  20-23  mm. 

We  have  a  series  from  Crater  Lake,  Oregon,  Aug.  1-7,  reared  by  Dr. 
McDunnough  from  "Castillcia  or  Orthocarpus  sp."  Most  of  these  specimens 
are  of  a  very  uniform  dull  gray  with  white  irroration  obscuring  all  marks,  and 
very  evenly  colored  abdomens.  In  the  same  series,  however,  we  find  specimens 
which  afford  us  our  best  comparison  with  material  from  Europe.  The  species 
is  extremely  variable  with  us,  and  usually  much  less  olivaceous  than  the  Euro- 
pean examples  which  we  have  seen,  tending  to  black  and  white. 

Distribution :  Vancouver  Is.  to  Manitoba,  south  to  N.  111.,  Colo, 
and  S.  Cal.,  May  to  August.  Alaska,  June,  in  National  Museum.  Dyar 
also  records  it  from  Kadiak  in  July.  Europe.  The  Connecticut  record 
is  possible  but  seems  doubtful. 

The  life  history  has  been  worked  out  by  various  European  ento- 
mologists. The  food  plants  on  that  continent  are  recorded  as  Aqni- 
Icgia  and  Gerantum  {fide  Tutt)  and  Prey  says  that  he  has  reared  many 
from  larvae  living  in  the  seed  capsules  of  the  former.  His  var.  stachy- 
dalis  was  described  from  specimens  reared  from  Stachys  syhatica. 
Tutt  expresses  doubt  that  the  Stachys-ieeding  species  is  the  same  as 
that  on  Aquilcgia.  He  regards  the  latter  as  probably  cosmodactyla 
Hbn.  and  the  former  as  punctidactyla  Haworth.  We  follow  Meyrick's 
synonymy,  and  arc  unable  to  say  that  our  North  American  species  is 
distinct  from  a  specimen  of  cosmodactyla  Hbn.  from  continental 
Europe,  though  they  are  not  an  exact  match  in  any  case.  To  this  con- 
fusion we  must  add  Dr.  McDunnough's  record  of  "Castillcia  or  Ortho- 
carpus"  as  food  plant  in  Oregon,  and  Dyar's  Colorado  record  of  a 
larva  on  Lonicera  involucrata!  We  have  no  mention  of  Dyar's  speci- 
men in  our  notes  on  the  National  Museum  material,  and  so  cannot 
check  the  identification,  but  since  his  is  the  only  description  of  a  North 
American  larva  known  to  us  which  is  even  possibly  this  species,  we 
reproduce  it : 


319 

"Larva.— Head  round,  vertically  bilobed  posteriorly,  pale  testaceous.  Body 
cylindrical,  normal,  green,  a  dull  crimson  dorsal  line  with  a  small  oblique 
subdorsal  dash  on  joint  6  and  a  dash  on  joints  5  to  12;  a  white  subdorsal  line 
from  joint  2  posteriorly  to  13  anteriorly  and  a  broken  subdorsal  one  the  larger 
anterior  part  on  each  segment  oblique.  Tubercles  small,  hairs  single,  i  and  ii 
separate,  iv  and  v  approximate,  v  anterior  and  dorsal  to  iv.  On  thorax  ia  + 
ib,  iia  +  iib,  iv  +  v,  numerous  fine,  short,  secondary  hairs,  shorter  and  easily 
differentiated  from  the  primary-  ones,  bulbous  tipped.  Hairs  all  white,  not 
long,  inconspicuous. 

"The  larva  was  found  resting  on  the  red  fruit  bract  of  Loniccra  mvolu- 
crata,  and  was  not  observd  to  feed,  being  matured  and  pupating  immediately. 
Apparently  the  larvae  do  not  eat  the  leaves,  but  more  probably  the  flowers. 
Found  at  Pine  Grove,  Platte  Canyon,  altitude  about  7000  feet." 

A  number  of  pupa  cases  in  the  Barnes  collection  from  Crater 
Lake,  Ore.,  show  the  following  characters :  Thorax  slender,  cylindri- 
cal, obliquely  truncate  in  front,  with  two  low,  dorsal  ridges  running 
back  from  the  head.  These  are  more  prominent  on  the  angle  of  the 
thorax,  and  at  their  posterior  ends  opposite  ends  of  wing-cases,  form 
prominent  leaf-like  projections.  They  are  continued  on  the  remaining 
abdominal  segments  by  rows  of  low  compressed  tubercles,  acutely 
produced  in  front  and  less  so  behind.  Below  the  spiracles  is  a  short 
ridge  bearing  two  small  setae  on  each  segment.  The  sheaths  of  the 
appendages  are,  of  course,  disarranged,  but  they  show  a  rather  long 
projection  beyond  the  thorax.  The  pupa  cases  are  pale,  with  a  reddish 
tinge  about  the  thorax.  They  are  marked  by  longitudinal  brown  lines 
on  the  abdomen  and  two  oblique  lateral  lines  on  each  side  of  the 
thorax.  We  are  unable  to  distinguish  them  from  a  European  pupa- 
case  of  cosmodactyla. 

We  accept  Meyrick's  arrangement  of  the  synonymy  as  far  as 
European  names  are  concerned.  There  seems  to  be  some  doubt  that 
pimctidactvla  is  the  oldest  name,  so  we  follow  Hagen's  dates  for 
Maworth's  work.  We  found  the  type  of  monticola  Grinnell,  now  in 
the  Southwest  Museum,  to  be  a  very  poor  S  specimen,  scarcely  rec- 
ognizable in  this  difficult  group,  and  at  first  referred  it  to  marmaro- 
dactyla  Dyar.  A  study  of  the  genitalia  in  situ  showed  us  that  it  did 
not  belong  there,  and  subsequent  careful  examination  of  the  super- 
ficial characters  convinced  us  that  it  was  this  species. 


320 

5.     Platyptilia  pica  Walsingham.    PI.  XLI,  fig.  12. 
Amhlyttilus  pica  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  21,  pi.  II,  f.  1,  1880. 
Platyptilia  pica  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  24,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  442,  1902. 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  SO,  1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  13,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnotigh,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Head  and  thorax  clothed  with  white  scales  more  or  less  heavily  mixed 
with  tawny  and  brown.  Thorax  white  behind,  with  two  heavy  black  dashes. 
Antennae  whitish,  black  dotted  above.  Palpi  concolorous,  third  joint  exceeding 
the  short  frontal  tuft.  All  tibiae  and  tarsi  black  and  white  banded,  the  front 
and  middle  tibiae  with  also  a  black  stripe. 

Primaries  white  to  well  beyond  base  of  cleft,  followed  by  a  black  shade 
which  terminates  at  the  usual  transverse  white  lines  on  the  two  lobes.  Costa 
black  with  white  spots,  and  with  a  heavy  black  triangle  before  cleft.  Disk  with 
a  black  spot  at  one-fourth  from  base  near  inner  margin,  a  few  black  dots  near 
middle  of  this  margin,  and  a  black  spot  at  middle  of  cell.  Terminal  area  brown- 
ish with  white  scales  which  sometimes  cover  the  darker  color.  Apex  produced, 
acute;  fringes  of  outer  margin  grayish,  their  bases  black  and  white  checkered; 
in  cleft  blackish,  and  along  inner  margin  whitish  with  black  tufts.  Secondaries 
gray-brown  with  concolorous  fringes.  Inner  margin  of  third  lobe  with  scat- 
tered black  scales  before  middle,  a  large  triangular  tooth  beyond  and  a  small 
tuft  at  apex,  the  tooth  preceded  and  followed  by  paler  fringes.  Expanse 
17-24  mm. 

The  abdomen  offers  the  only  constant  distinguishing  feature.  Its  upper 
surface  is  marked  with  a  large  white  triangle  on  each  segment,  apex  forward, 
and  tlie  last  few  segments  are  almost  entirely  white.  Beneath  it  is  broadly 
white  on  its  distal  half.  In  some  specimens  which  we  refer  here  the  upper 
surface  almost  lacks  white,  but  the  under  surface  retains  its  white  patch. 

The  male  genitalia  are  as  in  the  preceding  species  (see  pi.  L, 
fig.  13). 

This  description  is  of  typical  pica.  The  species  varies  with  a  grad- 
ual increase  in  the  number  of  tawny  and  blackish  scales  in  the  white 
areas,  which  may  be  so  numerous  as  to  give  the  insect  the  appearance 
of  piiiictidactyla.  We  are  inclined  to  believe  that  the  two  are  good 
species,  but  our  material  is  scanty  (eleven  specimens)  and  all  from 
one  locality,  so  we  recognize  the  possibility  that  pica  may  be  merely  a 
form  of  punctidactyla.  Meyrick  says  in  a  letter  of  July  17,  1920,  that 
"Scotch  examples  recently  stated  to  be  this  are,  I  think,  only  vars.  of 
punctidactyla;  the  true  pica  seems  to  be  a  good  species." 


321 

An  interesting  and  valuable  piece  of  biological  work  for  the  ento- 
mologists of  British  Columbia  lies  in  the  breeding  of  these  species.  By 
that  alone  can  we  arrive  at  really  satisfactory  conclusions  concerning 
their  relationship. 

Distribution :  Wellington,  B.  C,  May  to  August.  The  types 
were  taken  at  Crescent  City,  N.  Cal..  and  are  in  the  British  Museum. 
The  National  Museum  collection  contains  typical  pica  from  Mt.  Rainier 
and  Seattle,  Wash.     We  have  seen  one  specimen  from  Vancouver  Is. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  early  stages. 

6.     Platvptilia  aca.ntthodactyla  Huebner.     PI.  XLI,  fig.  13.     PI. 
L,  fig.  13a. 

iPtcrophorus  calodactylns   Fabricius    (not   D.   &   S.),   Mant.   Ins.   II,  258,   1787 

(fide  Mcyyick). 
Alucila  acanthodactyla  Huebner,   Samml.  Eur.   Schmett.,  Aluc.  pi  V,   ff.  23,  24, 

1804-18. 
Platyptilus  acanlhodactylus  Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  929,  18(4 
Amhlyptilia  calminthcu  Frey,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XLVII,  16,  1886. 
Ptcrophorus  acanlhodactylus  Porritt,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XXIII,  132,  1886  (biol.). 
Amhlyptilia  acanthodactyla  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,   1891. 

Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  85,  1895  (bio!.). 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit  53,  1896  (biol.). 
Amhlyptilia  acanthodactyla  var.  tetralicclla  Hofmann,  Deutsch,  Pter.  86.  1895. 
Platyptilia  acanthodactyla  Meyrick,  Handbook  433.   1895. 

Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  25,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

Kearfott,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXIII,  167,  pi.  VIII,  f.  16.  1907. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep  Cat.  pars   17,   12,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Genera!  color  dull  brown.  Antennae  with  alternate  light  and  dark  spots 
above  in  some  specimens,  usually  uniform  dull  brown.  Palpi  and  frontal  tuft 
concolorous,  the  latter  short,  surpassed  by  third  joint  of  former.  Legs  whitish 
with  dark  bands  on  tibiae  and  tarsi;  front  and  middle  tibiae  also  striped;  hind 
pair  mostly  brown.  Abdomen  in  poor  condition  in  our  series,  in  one  specimen 
brown  with  a  faint  trace  of  a  dorsal  stripe  similar  to  tliat  of  pnnctidactyla. 
Thorax  white  behind,  with  two  dark  brown  dashes. 

Costa  of  primaries  dotted  with  white  to  the  brown  triangle  before  cleft. 
Disk  in  some  specimens  with  traces  of  the  wavy  white  marks  found  in  pnnc- 
tidactyla and  with  the  usual  vague  dark  spots  near  inner  margin  and  in  cell. 
Both  lobes  with  a  heavy  transverse  white  line  preceded  by  a  dark  brown  shade. 
Between  this  shade  and  tlie  dark  triangle  the  wing  is  more  or  less  tinged  with 
tawny,   containing  a   small  dark  dash  on  the  first  lobe.     Terminal  area  tinged 


322 

with  gray.  Outer  margin  crenulate,  apex  of  first  dots  acute,  produced.  Fringes 
grayish  witli  paler  bases,  including  tufts  of  dark  scales  on  inner  margin  and 
a  basal  row  on  outer,  sometimes  cut  with  white.  Secondaries  as  in  punctidac- 
tyla.     Expanse  18-22  mm. 

Male  genitalia  as  in  punctidaclyla  (see  plate  L,  fig.  13),  with  the 
uncus  slightly  more  slender. 

Distributions:  Europe.  We  have  ten  specimens  from  Carmel, 
Cal.,  taken  in  April  and  two  from  the  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Cal.,  taken 
in  June  and  July.  The  species  is  in  the  Fernald  collection  labelled 
West  Farms,  N.  Y. 

The  early  stages  have  been  studied  in  Europe,  and  the  following 
description  of  the  larva  is  given  by  Porritt. — After  noting  that  the 
larva  is  very  like  that  of  punctidactyla  he  writes :  "As  in  that  species 
there  are  two  distinct  forms,  and  intermediate  varieties  occur  partaking 
more  or  less  of  each  of  these  extreme  forms : — 

"Var.  1  has  the  ground  color  deep  purple;  head  yellowish-grey,  or  yel- 
lowish-brown, marked  on  the  crown  and  sides  with  black,  the  mandibles  brown ; 
medio-dorsa!  stripe  smoke-coloured ;  sub-dorsal  lines,  and  another  line  of  equal 
width  below  it,  white,  but  interrupted  and  not  very  conspicuous;  and  below 
these  is  another  scarcely  so  pale  line  along  the  spiracles ;  hairs  and  the  distinct 
tubercles  white.  Ventral  surface  and  prolegs  greenish-olive,  anterior-legs  shin- 
ing black,  ringed  with  paler. 

"Var.  II  has  the  ground  color  bright  pale  green;  head  as  in  Var.  I;  the 
pulsating  dark  smoky  vessel — in  some  specimens  tinged  with  pink  anteriorly — 
forms  the  dorsal  stripe:  sub-dorsal  lines  indistinct,  whitish;  below  these  is 
another  line,  but  much  interrupted  and  broken  into  short  lengths ;  there  are 
no  lines  along  the  spiracular  region ;  hairs  and  tubercles  white.  Ventral  sur- 
face and  prolegs  of  the  bright  green  of  the  dorsal  area,  the  legs  shining  black, 
ringed  with  white." 

Tutt  vv'rites  briefly  of  the  pupa  as  follows : 

"The  pupa  appears  to  vary  in  ground  colour  to  the  same  extent  as  the 
larvae,  the  ground  colour  varying  from  pale  green  to  dark  purple,  but  getting 
darker  in  the  paler  forms  just  before  emergence.  In  this  species,  as  in  the 
next,  [punctidactyla]  the  antennae  cases  are  quite  detached,  and  these,  with 
the  two  curious  curved  protuberances  specially  characteristic  of  this  genus 
[AmhlyptUia],  give  it  a  very  strange  and  curious  appearance." 

Tutt  and  Hofmann,  in  summarizing  the  biological  knowledge  of 
the  species,  both  mention  Stachys,  Ononis,  Geranium  and  Pelargonium 
as  food-plants,  and  Hofmann  adds  Salvia,  Euphrasia,  Bartsia,  Mentha 
and  a  few  others.  It  is  mentioned  as  feeding  on  the  buds  of  most  of 
tliese,  and  in  one  case  on  leaves. 


323 

7.     Platyptilia  tesseradactyla  Linn.    PI.  XLI,  fig.  17.    PI.  L,  fig.  8. 

Alucita  tesseradactyla  Linnaeus,  Faun.  Suec.  370,  1761. 
Ptcrophorus  tcsscradactybis  Fabricius,  Mant.  Ins.  II,  259,  1787. 
Pteroplwrus  fischeri  Zeller,  Isis  X,  781,  1841. 
Platyptilus  fischeri  Gartner,  Wien.  ent.  Mon.  VI,  331,  1862. 
Platyptilia  tesseradactyla  Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  33,  pi.  VIII,  ff.  8,  9,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.,  XXVII,  923,  1904. 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  50,  1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  85,   1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  13,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
^Platyptilia  tessaradactyla  Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  64,  75,  1895  (biol.). 

Vestiture  of  brownish  gray  scales,  mixed  and  overlain  with  whitish 
scales.  Antennae  dotted  with  white  above.  Palpi  small,  so  that  they  appear 
scarcely  to  exceed  the  front.  Legs  whitish  tinged  with  brown  on  one  side. 
Abdomen  with  white  scales  in  posterior  margins  of  segments.  Thorax  white 
behind. 

Primaries  rather  evenly  grayish,  the  markings  produced  by  variation  in 
the  mixture  of  white  scales,  and  therefore  powdery  and  indefinite.  Costa 
darker,  dotted  with  white,  with  the  usual  dark  triangle,  sometimes  very  vague, 
before  cleft.  This  contains  two  dark  dots  connected  by  a  transverse  shade, 
variably  distinct,  just  before  cleft.  Outer  transverse  white  line  present,  incom- 
plete on  second  lobe.  Sometimes  with  a  vague  dark  dot  in  cell  and  blotch  near 
middle  of  inner  margin.  Fringes  whitish  with  gray  tips,  with  dark  tufts  at 
apex  and  anal  angle  of  each  lobe,  two  on  inner  margin,  and  a  basal  row  of 
dark  scales  along  outer  margin.  Secondaries  brownish  gray,  fringes  slightly 
paler  with  dark  scales  at  tip  of  each  lobe  and  a  weak  tuft  of  approximately  equal 
dark  scales  just  beyond  middle  of  inner  margin  of  third  lobe,  sometimes  pre- 
ceded by  scattered  scales.  Expanse  16-20  mm. 
The  male  genitalia  are  very  simple. 

Distribution :  Europe.  Quebec  to  N.  Y.  and  Pa.,  Colo.  We 
have  a  series  from  New  Brighton,  Pa.,  taken  in  May  (Merrick),  one 
from  Durham,  N.  H.,  and  a  single  $  from  Silverton,  Colo.,  taken 
early  in  August.  There  are  New  York  specimens  taken  in  April  and 
May  in  the  Cornell  collection  and  two  Mass.  specimens  in  the  Fernald 
collection.  In  the  last  there  is  also  one  specimen  from  Marshall's 
Pass.,  Colo.,  taken  July  15,  1888.  Dyar  lists  it  from  the  Kootenai 
District,  B.  C. 


324 

European  specimens  in  our  possession  are  more  brownish  and 
contrasty  than  North  America,  but  they  show  no  definite  superficial 
dififerences,  and  the  genitalia  are  the  same  in  specimens  from  both 
continents. 

Under  the  synonym  fischcri  Gartner  gives  an  account  of  the  early 
stages  which  we  translate  as  follows : 

The  egg  is  pale  green,  polished  and  elongate-spherical,  and  the  larva  in 
its  first  stage  (zartesten  Alter)  cream-wliite  with  separate  hairs,  black  head, 
similar  cervical  and  anal  shields;  later  (in  September)  it  bears  dorsal  and 
lateral  rows  of  red-brown  dots  and  after  hibernation  (middle  of  March)  it 
has  become  stout,  without  having  increased  much  in  length.  Head,  cervical  and 
anal  shields  dark  brown,  dorsal  stripe  carmine-red,  made  up  of  three-cornered 
spots;  similar  but  finer  subdorsal  and  lateral  stripes.  The  ground-color  of  the 
body  yellowish,  belly  reddish.  In  its  adult  state  the  larva  is  small  before  and 
behind,  cylindrical  in  the  middle ;  the  small  head  black ;  the  cream-white  cer- 
vical shield  bears  a  small  black  shield-shaped  spot  (?  Schildfleck),  which  is 
divided  with  light  (shades)  ;  the  color  of  the  body  is  dark  red-brown,  the 
back  has  on  each  segment  a  white  spot  with  two  pairs  of  black  spots,  of  which 
the  posterior  is  widely  separated ;  there  are  also  such  spots  on  the  sides,  upon 
which  stand  pale  hairs;  anal  shield  and  claws  (!)  dark  brown.  In  addition 
the  larvae  vary  frequently  in  the  shade  of  its  color. 

The  slender  pupa  is  tapered  behind,  the  head  brownish  dark  gray,  which 
color  extends  over  the  thorax.  Eyes  dark,  with  the  point  of  the  head  between 
them.  On  the  sides  of  the  back  the  color  of  the  body  is  ivory  yellow  (bein- 
gelb),  the  row  of  dorsal  spots  and  the  lateral  arched  design  darker;  above  the 
cremaster  is  a  long,  thickly  ciliated,  somewhat  projecting  point..  The  wing 
cases  are  light  greenish,  the  projecting  leg-cases,  which  are  free  for  three  and 
one-half  segments,  brownish;  before  the  hairy  cremaster,  ventrad,  are  two 
points.     The  older  the  pupa,  the  more  brownish-gray  mottled  it  is. 

The  food  plant  given  by  Gartner  is  Gnaphalinm  dioicum  L.,  to 
which  Hofmann  adds  G.  arcnarimn. 

8.      Pl..\TVPTILIA  CARDUIDACTYL.\  Riley.     PL  XLIII,  fig.  1. 

Ptcrophoriis  carduidactylus  Riley.  Mo.  Rcpt.  I,  180,  pi.  II,  If.  13,  14,  1869  (bio!,). 

Id.,  op.  cit.  Ill,  67,  187i. 

Murtfeldt,  Am.  Ent.  Ill,  235,  1880. 
Ptatyptilus  carduidactylus  Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXXII,  179,  1871. 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  403,  1882. 

Id.,  op.  cit.  413,  1882. 
tPlatyftilia  cardui  Zeller,  Verb.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien  XXIII,  318,  1873. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.   Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  438,   1915. 
Platyptilus  cardui  Walsingham,  Pter,  Cal.  Ore  7,  pi.  I,  f.  6,  1880. 

Kellicott,  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  IV,  47,  1882  (biol.). 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  U.  S.  N.  M.  35,  136,  1889. 


325 

Pterophorus  cardui  Riley,  Index  to  Mo.  Rept.  83,  1881. 

tPlaiyptilia  cardiiidactyla  Fcmald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N,  A.  26,  pi.  II,  ff.  1,  2;  pi.  VII,  ff.  8-11,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  443,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII,  923.  1904. 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  50,  1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,   Gen.   Ins.  C,   11,   1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  85,  1912. 

Meyrick,   Wagner's  Lep.   Cat.  pars   17,   13,   1913. 

Barnes  &   McDunnough,  Check  List   150,   1917. 
PlatyptiUa  hesperis  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  316,  1908. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  15,  1913, 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Brownish  buff,  thorax  whitish  behind.  Antennae  dotted  with  brown  above. 
Frontal  tuft  moderate,  blunt,  surpassed  by  third  joint  of  oblique  palpi.  Front 
and  middle  legs  brownish  inside,  dark  without,  the  tarsi  distinctly  pale.  Hind 
tibiae  with  two  broad  brown  bands ;  tarsi  with  at  least  the  second  joint  entirely 
whitish. 

Primaries  with  the  costa  dark  brown  dotted  with  white  as  far  as  the  usual 
brown  triangle,  which  is  much  the  darkest  part  of  the  wing.  Disk  with  blotches 
near  inner  margin  at  about  one-fourth  and  three-fifths  from  base,  and  a  spot 
in  cell.  The  heavy  triangle  contains  a  dark  transverse  dash  before  cleft  which 
is  visible  only  in  paler  specimens.  Beyond  triangle  there  is  a  transverse  line 
of  ground  color,  often  obsolete  except  on  costa;  both  lobes  thence  pale  brown, 
crossed  by  a  vague  light  Hne  toward  outer  margin ;  terminal  area  usually  with 
some  hoary  scales.  Fringes  grayish-buff  with  a  row  of  brown  scales  in  base 
along  outer  margin,  gray  tufts  at  apices  and  anal  angles,  and  two  dark  brown 
scale  tufts  on  inner  margin.  Apex  acute,  moderately  produced.  Secondaries 
gray-brown,  fringes  slightly  paler  with  short  dark  scales  at  apices  of  first  two 
lobes.  Fringes  of  inner  margin  of  third  lobe  with  a  prominent  triangular 
tooth  of  dark  brown  scales  at  middle,  its  point  perhaps  slightly  before  middle 
of  lobe.  This  tooth  is  preceded  and  followed  by  a  variably  complete  row  of 
short,  dark  scales,  and  the  lobe  is  whitish  before  it.    Expanse  20-27  mm. 

The  species  varies  to  a  duller  brown,  sometimes  with  a  purplish  tinge, 
and  reduced  contrasts.  Darker  specimens  show  some  superficial  whitish  ves- 
titure. 

Male  genitalia  as  in  pcrcnodactyla  Wlsm.   (see  plate  L,  fig.  14). 
Distribution:  Laborador    (Aug.)   to  D.  C.    (May),  west  to  the 
Pacific   Coast.     We   have   it    from   various   localities   taken   in   every 
month  from  May  to  September,  inclusive. 

Riley,  in  his  initial  paper  on  the  species,  gives  an  interesting 
account  of  the  early  stages.  According  to  this  account  the  larvae 
are  gregarious,  living  in  webbed  heads  of  common  thistles.     Eight  to 


326 

twelve  are  said  to  live  together,  and  different  stages  may  be  found 
in  one  group.  The  pupal  instar  lasts  one  week.  Riley  apparently  did 
not  learn  the  stage  of  hibernation,  and  we  are  unable  to  supply  this 
information.     He  describes  the  larva  and  pupa  as  follows: 

"Larva. — Average  length  0.60.  Largest  in  the  middle  of  body,  tapering 
thence  each  way.  Color  light  straw-yellow — greener  when  young.  Somewhat 
darker,  partly  translucent,  dorsal,  subdorsal  and  stigmata!  lines.  Two  lateral 
rows  of  black  spots,  the  lower  spots  rather  smaller  and  placed  behind  the  upper 
ones.  A  third  row  above  these,  and  others  along  the  back,  but  so  small  that 
they  are  generally  imperceptible  with  the  naked  eye,  except  on  the  thoracic 
segments,  being  especially  distinct  on  segment  2.  Head  small,  black,  sometimes 
inclining  to  brown.  Cervical  shield  black,  divided  longitudinally  in  the  middle 
by  a  higher  line.  Caudal  plate  also  black.  Segment  11,  besides  the  spots  above 
mentioned,  has  two  transverse  black  marks,  the  posterior  one  the  largest. 
Thoracic  legs  black,  the  others  of  the  same  color  as  the  body." 

"Pupa. — Average  length  0.45.— Soft,  dull  yellow,  with  a  lateral  dusky  line, 
each  side  of  dorsum,  and  another,  less  distinct  each  side  of  venter.  Also  dusky 
about  the  head  and  wing-sheaths." 

From  two  voided  pupal  skins  we  are  able  to  add  that  the  pupa 
is  much  less  angular  and  rather  stouter  than  that  of  punctidactyla 
already  described.  The  dorsal  ridges  are  present,  but  very  low,  and 
the  leaf-like  projections  and  tubercles  are  not  at  all  developed.  The 
cases  of  the  appendages  form  a  very  short  ventral  process. 

We  have  had  much  difficulty  in  deciding  whether  or  not  this  and 
the  following  species  are  distinct,  and  have  come  to  the  conclusion 
that  they  probably  are.  The  differences  are  mentioned  under  percno- 
dactyla.  The  types  of  hesperis  Grinnell  belong  to  carduidactyla  ac- 
cording to  our  concept. 

9.     Platyptilia  I'ERCNODACTYLA  Walsitigham.    PI.  XLIII,  fig.  2.    PI. 
L,  fig.  14. 

Platyptilns  percnodactyhis  VValsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  8,  pi.  I,  f.  7,  18S0. 
XPlatyptUia  percnodactyla  Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  27,  pi.  VIII,  ff.  14,  IS,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

Anderson,   Cat.   B.   C.  Lep.   50,   1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  14,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 

The  appearance  of  this  species  is  substantially  that  of  the  preced- 
ing, and  for  a  time  we  regarded  them  as  the  same.     We  have  con- 


327 

eluded,  however,  that  their  distinctness  is  sufficiently  probable  to  war- 
rant the  retention  of  both  names.  Walsingham,  in  describing  this 
species,  contrasts  it  with  Riley's,  and  says  that  it  has  shorter  fore 
wings  with  a  less  prominent  apex,  and  that  it  is  in  general  less  robust. 
We  have  carefully  studied  a  large  series  from  all  parts  of  the  country, 
and  are  convinced  that  the  species  cannot  always  be  separated  on  this 
basis.  Fernald  separates  them  in  his  monograph  on  a  difference  in 
the  extent  of  the  brown  bands  on  the  hind  tibiae.  This  we  regard  as 
wholly  insufficient.  The  series  which  we  finally  retain  as  percno- 
dactyla  differs  from  our  carduidactyla  in  the  greatly  reduced  scale 
tooth.  In  carduidactyla,  as  noted,  this  is  distinctly  triangular.  In 
pcrcnodactyla  it  is  often  very  weak,  and  is  made  up  of  scales  of  ap- 
proximately equal  length.  The  two  paratypes  in  the  Fernald  collec- 
tion, and,  according  to  Meyrick's  comparison  of  our  specimen,  Wal- 
singham's  own  series,  have  this  type  of  scale  tooth. 

Distribution:  B.  C.  to  Alta.,  south  to  Wyo.,  Utah  and  S.  Cal., 
June  to  August. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown,  and  may,  when  studied,  clear  up 
the  standing  of  the  species. 

10.     Platyptilia  CAROLINA  Kearfott.    PI.  XLI,  fig.  16.    PI.  I.,  fig.  13. 
Platyttilia  Carolina  KearfoU,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXIII,   155,  pi.  VIIl, 
f.  17,  1907. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.   Cat.  pars   17.   16,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Tawny.  Frontal  tuft  prominent,  conical.  Palpi  oblique,  exceeding  tuft: 
second  joint  with  a  short  tuft  projecting  below  third.  Antennae  dotted  with 
brown  above.  Legs  brownish  within,  whitish  outside ;  hind  pair  slightly  darker 
at  bases  of  spurs  and  ends  of  tarsal  joints.  Abdomen  with  paired  white  spots 
in  terminal  margins  of  several  segments.  These  are  not  evident  in  some  of 
our  specimens,  probably  due  to  stain. 

Primaries  concolorous  with  body  at  base,  often  darkening  toward  apex. 
Outer  margin  with  a  few  dark  scales,  costa  brown  before  apex  and  cleft  pre- 
ceded by  two  brown  dots.  Other  marks  very  variable,  consisting  of  the  two 
usual  discal  spots  and  dark  triangle.  Lobes  crossed  by  a  pale  outer  line,  poorly 
marked  in  most  specimens  and  sometimes  absent.  Fringes  whitish  with  a  basal 
row  of  dark  brown  scales  along  outer  margin,  pencils  of  grayish  hairs  at 
apices  and  inner  angles,  and  two  brown  scale  teeth  and  some  scattered  scales 
on  inner  margin.  Secondaries  rather  darker  than  primaries  with  more  grayish 
fringes.  Inner  margin  of  third  lobe  with  scattered  brown  scales  in  the  fringes 
and  in  its  outer  third  a  small  scale  tooth,  sometimes  lacking.  Expanse  18-26  mm. 
Distribution :     N.  J.,  N.  C,  Utah,  Cal.    May  to  Sept. 


328_ 

Two  of  the  cotypes,  a  S  and  a  9  ,  are  in  the  Barnes  collection. 
These  are  North  Carolina  specimens  taken  in  May  and  June  in  the 
Black  Mountains,  and  are  the  lightest  and  brightest  of  our  series. 
Four  from  New  Jersey,  taken  in  June,  August  and  September,  differ 
in  the  stronger  brown  markings.  The  Utah  specimens  were  taken  in 
July  and  August,  and  are  rather  dull  and  evenly  colored,  and  the 
one  Californian  example,  from  Carmel,  June,  is  similar.  We  regarded 
the  western  specimens  as  a  distinct  species  for  a  time,  and  separated 
them  by  the  even  color  and  moderate  apex  of  the  primaries.  In  the 
New  Jersey  specimens  the  apex  is  sharply  produced  and  the  outer 
margin  of  the  first  lobe  deeply  concave,  but  we  note  that  there  is  some 
variation,  and  that  one  of  the  cotypes  has  the  apex  nearly  the  same 
as  the  western  series. 

The  remainder  of  Kearfott's  series  is  in  the  American  Museum. 

Some  specimens  are  almost  as  dull  as  albiciliata  Wlsm.  but  differ 
in  possessing  scale  teeth  on  the  inner  margin  of  the  primaries  and  in 
a  few  minor  points.  The  uncus  is  more  pointed  in  Carolina  and 
broadly  spatulate  in  albiciliata.  In  slides  of  the  former  it  is  sometimes 
flattened  so  that  the  tip  is  somewhat  spatulate,  but  it  does  not  show 
this  form  in  situ. 

11.     Platvptilia  edwardsii  Fish.    PI.  XLIV.  fig.  1. 
Platyftilus  edwardsii  Fisli,  Can.  Ent.  XIII,  72,  1881. 
Platyptilia  edwardsii  Fernald.  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  25,  pi.  VII,  ff.  6,  7,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  10,  1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  85,  1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  11,   1913. 

Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII,  135,   1917. 
^Platyptilis  edwardsii  Beutenmueller,   Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.   Hist.  IV,   198,  1892. 
tPlatyptilia  edwardsi  Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917. 

Head  brownish  with  a  mixture  of  whitish  scales;  thorax  somewhat  hoary, 
whitish  behind  ;  abdomen  apparently  with  a  dark  mixture  of  gray-brown  and 
ochreous  scales,  beneath  with  converging  whitish  dashes.  Antennae  sometimes 
dotted  above.  Palpi  moderate,  oblique,  scarcely  exceeding  the  short,  conical 
frontal  tuft.  Fore  and  mid  tibiae  whitish  with  dark  brown  stripes,  tarsi  and 
hind  legs  with  dark  shades. 

Primaries  buff,  freo.uently  tinged  with  brown  and  lioary  with  wliitish 
scales,  the  buff  appearing  only  in  the  pale  markings  and  along  the  inner  margin. 
The  usual  dark  triangle,  blackish  brown,  contains  a  heavy  transverse  dash, 
scarcely  visible,  before  cleft.    Brown  shade  continued  along  costa  to  base,  toward 


329 

which  it  becomes  faint.  Brown  spot  in  cell  is  usually  connected  with  costa. 
Inner  margin  frequently  with  brown  shades.  Both  lobes  with  pale  outer  line, 
incomplete  on  second,  preceded  by  a  heavy  brown  shade  which  blends  into 
buff  or  grayish  toward  triangle.  This  shade  on  first  lobe  sometimes  paler, 
showing  a  heavy  brown  dash  near  cleft.  Terminal  area  hoary  with  whitish 
scales  over  brown.  Fringes  whitish  with  a  row  of  dark  brown  basal  scales 
cut  with  white  on  outer  margin.  Inner  margin  with  two  slight  dark  scale 
teeth.  Apex  moderate.  Secondaries  gray-brown  with  concolorous  fringes  which 
have  pale  bases  on  inner  margin  of  third  feather  and  there  contain  scattered 
brown  scales  and  a  variable,  but  always  weak  tuft  of  slender,  almost  equal 
brown  scales  within  outer  third  of   feather.     Expanse   19-29  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  resemble  those  of  Carolina  (see  plate  L,  fig. 
15). 

Distribution :  Mass.,  N.  H. ;  Fernald  adds  Maine  and  Winn  lists 
it  from  Que.  in  July;  B.  C,  Wash.,  July  and  August. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

Edwardsii  was  described  from  two  males  and  three  females  taken 
at  Boston  by  Hy.  Edwards  and  five  males  and  one  female  from  Am- 
herst., Mass.,  by  L.  W.  Goodell.  Of  the  first  five,  one  male  and  one 
female  are  now  in  the  American  Museum,  and  the  remaining  three 
in  the  Fernald  collection.  One  of  these,  a  male,  we  have  labelled 
lectotype;  the  others  are  a  female  and  a  specimen  without  abdomen. 
We  know  nothing  of  the  types  from  Amherst,  though  a  fragmentary 
specimen  with  a  type  label  in  the  Fernald  collection  may  be  one  of 
them.  This  collection  also  contains  a  series  of  fifteen  specimens 
labelled  only  "T  6/9"  or  "T  6/10".  One  of  these  is  labelled  as  a  type, 
but  the  word  "type"  is  crossed  out.  We  have  seen  several  specimens 
from  the  Hope  Mts.  (Day)  and  Mt.  Cheam,  B.  C.  (Blackmore).  The 
one  Washington  specimen  which  we  include  in  our  series  was  taken 
in  the  third  week  of  July  on  Mt.  Rainier.  Its  expanse  is  only  19  mm., 
seven  under  the  usual  minimum,  but  it  seems  to  be  a  dwarf  of  this 
species  without  doubt. 

Many  of  the  specimens  in  the  Fernald  collection  are  moderate  in 
size  and  rather  dark.  We  have  felt  that  these  may  possibly  be  con- 
fused with  the  following  species,  and  hence  selected  the  large  male 
type  as  lectotype.  There  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  the  types  are 
not  all  of  the  same  species,  however. 


330 

12.     Platyptilia  AURIGA  n.  sp.    PI.  XLIV,  fig.  2. 

General  color  gray,  with  a  very  slight  brownish  tinge.  Scales  of  head  and 
thorax  with  paler  bases,  thorax  whitish  behind.  Antennae  spotted  above. 
Frontal  tuft  short,  conical;  palpi  rather  long,  oblique,  slender.  Fore  and  mid 
tibiae  black-striped,  tarsi  with  slight  dark  shades  on  one  side.  Hind  legs  grayish 
with  darker  bands,  three  distal  tarsal  joints  mostly  whitish.  Abdomen  with 
diverging  light  and  dark  stripes  above,  sometimes  obscured  (stained?)  except 
in  posterior  margins  of  segments,  and  parallel  stripes  below. 

Primaries  dull  dark  gray,  variably,  usually  slightly,  irrorate  with  white 
scales.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  transverse  black  dash  which  forms  the  outer  margin 
of  an  imperfectly  developed  triangular  patch  reaching  the  costa  but  fading 
out  basad.  Cleft  outlined  with  blackish  in  its  basal  half.  Both  lobes  with 
blackish  dashes  reaching  the  outer  pale  line,  which  is  more  or  less  incomplete. 
Dashes  sometimes  obscured  in  a  general  dark  shade.  Fringes  white,  gray 
tipped,  with  black  basal  scales  on  outer  margin.  Apices  and  anal  angles  with 
gray  fringes,  inner  margin  with  several  scale  teeth  and  scattered  black  scales. 
Secondaries  and  their  fringes  concolorous  with  primaries.  Fringes  of  inner 
margin  of  third  feather  with  pale  bases  containing  numerous  black  scales  and  a 
somewhat  triangular  tooth  just  before  apex.     Expanse  about  18  mm. 

Holotype  3  ,  paratype  S ,  paratype  ? ,  and  an  indeterminate  paratype,  Essex 
Co.  Park,  N.  J.   (Kearfott),  May,  June  and  Sept.,  in  coll.  Barnes. 

Allotype,  Greenwood  Lake,  N.  J.,  May  30  (Kearfott),  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype   S,  Black  Mts.,  N.  C,  May  (Beutenmiiller),  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype    S,  Essex  Co.  Park,  N.  J.,  Aug.  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23461. 

In  addition  to  the  types  we  have  a  single  broken  specimen  from 
Montclair,  N.  J- 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

This  species  resembles  dark  specimens  of  edzvardsii  and  is  not 
unlike  the  female  which  we  are  calling  zvilliamsii  Grin.,  but  the  form 
and  position  of  the  black  scale-tooth  alone  suffice  to  distinguish  it. 
The  markings  of  the  abdomen  are  useful  in  good  specimens.  The 
male  genitalia  resemble  those  of  Carolina  (see  plate  L,  fig.  15). 

13.     Platyptilia  williamsit  Grinnell.    PI.  XLI,  fig.  14. 

Platyptilia  williamsii  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  315,  1908. 
Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  14,  1913. 
XPlatyptilia  williamsi  Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,   1917. 

Head  and  thorax  with  mixed  ochreous-brown  and  whitish  scales.  Antennae 
brown  dotted  above;  frontal  tuft  moderate,  conical;  palpi  longer  than  head, 
rather  stout,  almost  porrect.  Abdomen  stained  in  our  one  specimen,  brown, 
hoary  above,  according  to  Grinnell.  Hind  legs  as  described  by  Grinnell,  brown 
and  white  banded,  but  others  shaded  on  one  side. 


331 

The  primaries  appear  to  be  gray  with  blackish  marks,  but  under  a  lens 
they  are  seen  to  be  more  ochreous-brown  with  dark  brown  patches,  with  white 
irroration  forming  a  trace  of  transverse  wavy  Unes  and  dotting  the  brown 
costa.  The  brown  triangular  spot  is  poorly  defined  toward  base  of  wing.  Cell 
with  a  brown  spot.  Our  one  female  has  the  basal  half  of  the  cleft  margined 
with  dark  brown  and  the  outer  white  line  preceded  by  heavy  dark  patches 
which  are  apparently  continuous  to  the  naked  eye.  Terminal  area  distinctly 
hoary.  Apex  rather  prominent.  Fringes  brownish  gray  with  whitish  bases 
containing  brown  and  white  scales.  Inner  margin  with  numerous  scattered 
black  scales  and  a  few  small  clusters.  Secondaries  gray-brown  with  concolor- 
ous  fringes.  Third  lobe  with  a  slight  triangular  scale  tooth  at  middle,  as  in 
carduidactyla,  preceded  by  scattered  black  scales. 

We  have  the  following  note  on  the  type :  Unique  type  lacks  the 
subterniinal  dark  area  of  the  compared  specimen,  this  region  being 
even  brown.  Otherwise  type  is  less  contrasty.  The  two  agree  in  the 
form  of  markings,  palpi,  and  fairly  well  in  the  scales  of  the  third 
feather  of  the  secondaries ;  here  the  compared  specimen  has  a  more 
definite  tuft. 

Grinneirs  type  was  reared  from  the  head  of  a  composite  flower 
at  Lake  Merced,  San  Mateo  Co.,  Cal.,  in  May.  Our  specimen  is 
labelled  "Larva  in  flowers  of  Grindelia  robusta.  Alameda  Co.,  Cal. 
Dec."  Considering  this  similarity  of  larval  habit  and  several  peculi- 
arities common  to  the  two  imagines,  notably  the  long  palpi  and  position 
of  the  scale  tooth,  we  think  that  the  two  specimens  are  of  the  same 
species  and  that  the  adtlitional  data  supplied  by  ours  may  be  applied 
here  without  hesitation. 

14.     Platyptilia  orthocarpi  Walsingham.    PI.  XLIH,  fig.  4. 

Platyptilus  orthocarpi  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  11,  pi.  I,  f.  9,  1880. 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  403,   1882. 

Hy.  Edwards.  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  136,  1889. 
Platyptilia  orthocarpi  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  29,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  14,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Head  and  palpi  brownish  ochreous,  the  latter  moderate,  oblique,  touched 
with  white  above  and  below.  Antennae  W'ith  dark  dots  above.  Thorax  mostly 
whitish  in  front  and  behind,  brownish  ochreous  across  tips  of  patagia.  Legs 
whitish  with  pale  brownish  shades,  the  fore  and  mid  tibiae  sometimes  with 
traces  of  stripes  lost  in  the  dark  areas.     Abdomen  brownish  ochreous  with  two 


black  puints  and  some  while  scales  in  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  beyond 
middle;  similar  below,  with  two  pale  ventral  stripes. 

Primaries  ochreous  along  inner  margin,  mixed  brown  and  white  with  a  few 
ochreous  scales  toward  costa.  Costa  itself  narrowly  blackish  brown  with  white 
dots.  Dark  triangle  before  cleft.  Terminal  area  brown,  hoary  with  white 
scales,  preceded  by  a  faint  transverse  pale  line,  less  complete  on  second  lobe. 
Spaces  between  this  and  triangle  ochreous  irrorate  with  white,  with  an  elongate 
triangular  brown  dash  and  costal  shade  on  first  lobe  and  two  dashes  on  second. 
Cleft  margined  with  a  few  dark  scales.  Fringes  white,  grayish  at  angles,  with 
the  usual  basal  dark  brown  scales  along  outer  margin.  Inner  margin  with 
scattered  brown  scales  and  two  poorly  marked  clusters.  Secondaries  brown, 
third  feather  more  ochreous.  Fringes  more  grayish  with  white  bases  along 
inner  margins  and  at  apices  of  first  two  lobes,  containing  a  few  brown  scales 
in  basal  half  of  third  lobe.     Expanse  20-26  mm. 

We  have  not  examined  the  genitalia  of  a  typical  example.  In 
forms  which  may  belong  to  this  species  they  are  similar  to  those  of 
Carolina,  but  with  a  broadly  spatulate  uncus. 

Distribution:  Type  locality  N.  Ore.;  one  paratype  9  is  in  the 
Fernald  collection.  We  have  a  single  typical  specimen  from  British 
Columbia,  taken  by  Mr.  G.  O.  Day  in  June 

The  types  were  reared  from  a  species  of  Orthocarpiis.  but  we 
have  no  knowledge  of  the  early  stages  beyond  this.   . 

We  doubtfully  associate  with  this  species  a  number  of  specimens 
from  Utah,  Colo.,  Nev..  Mont,  and  Cal.,  taken  May  to  July.  Meyrick 
returned  some  of  these  specimens  as  orthocarpi  after  comparing  them 
with  the  types  in  the  British  Museum,  and  though  they  are  easy  to 
separate  from  the  typical  form,  we  find  it  hard  to  believe  that  they 
are  not  very  closely  related  to  it.  Together  with  fragilis,  shastae  and 
albida  they  make  up  an  extremely  difificult  group  which  we  are  inclined 
to  believe  in  a  state  of  evolution.  The  named  forms  can  he  recog- 
nized. Iiut  whether  to  regard  them  as  forms  and  races  of  one  species 
or  as  distinct  species  is  a  question  which  we  are  unable  to  decide.  We 
give  here  a  general  characterization  of  the  group,  and  under  eacli 
name  point  out  the  features  which  we  regard  as  distinctive  of  that 
form. 

The  head,  body  and  appendages  are  as  described  under  orthocarpi. 
varying  in  shade  from  white  to  dark  grayish  and  ochreous,  and  with 
the  legs  variably  marked.  The  markings  of  the  abdomen  are  reduced 
or  absent. 


333 

The  primaries  vary  from  ochreous  buff  to  white  or  dull  grayish. 
The  dark  triangle  is  always  present,  brown  to  dark  brownish  gray, 
continued  in  a  white-dotted  costal  stripe  toward  base.  Lobes  crossed 
by  pale  line  and  triangle  followed  by  a  pale  shade,  the  included  space 
with  a  brown  or  gray  shade,  rarely  with  the  dark  dashes  of  orthocarpi 
indicated  by  a  few  dark  scales.  Terminal  area  hoary.  Fringes  as  in 
orthocarpi.  Spot  in  cell  and  near  base  and  middle  of  inner  margin 
variable.  We  regard  orthocarpi  as  properly  included  in  this  group, 
but  give  a  separate  description  of  it  because  the  typical  form  is  so 
distinct.  As  in  that  species,  the  genitalia  of  the  three  following  re- 
semble those  of  Carolina  but  have  a  broadly  spatulate  uncus. 

15.  Platvptili.\  fragilis  Walsingham.  PI.  XLIII,  fig.  5. 
Platyt'tihis  fragilis  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  16,  pi.  1,  f.  12,  1880. 
Platyftilia  frayiUs  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id..  Pter.  N.  A.  28.  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  443,  1902. 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  SO,  1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17.  14,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
iSteiwptUia  coloradcnsis  Grinnell,  Can,  Ent.  XL,  321,  1908  (in  part). 

In  this  fonn  the  general  color  is  more  or  less  huff  or  hrownish,  the  marks 
of  the  primaries  usually  all  present  and  well  marked.  The  fore  and  middle  tibiae 
are  definitely  striped,  and  the  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  usually  with  evident  dark 
bands  on  a  whitish  ground.     Expanse  20-24  mm. 

Distribution :    Ariz.,  Cal.,  Wash,  east  to  Colo.  July,  Sept. 

Brightly  marked  specimens  of  this  group  with  bufif  or  brownish 
appearance  and  conspicuous  maculation  may  safely  be  placed  here. 
The  doubtful  specimens  mentioned  under  orthocarpi  may  belong  to 
this  form. 

16.  Platyptilia  albida  Walsingham.     PI.  XLIII,  fig.  6. 
Platyptilus  albidus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  10,  pi.  I,  f.  8,  1880. 
tPlaiyptiUa  albida  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  29.  pi.  VIII,  ff.  10,  11,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  15,   1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
In  albida  the  legs  are  marked  as  in  fragilis  and  the  wings  show  about  the 
same  dark  areas,  but  of  a  much  colder  shade  of  brownish-gray,  almost  black. 


334 

The  head  and  body  are  whitish  above.  On  the  primaries  all  pale  areas  are 
heavily  clothed  with  whitish  scales  and  all  dark  spots  but  the  large  triangle 
more  or  less  irrorate  with  white.     Expanse  about  21  mm. 

Distribution :  The  types  were  taken  on  the  Rouge  River,  S.  Ore., 
and  in  Lake  County,  Cal.,  in  May  and  June  respectively.  We  have 
four  specimens  from  Monache  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Cal.,  taken  at  an 
altitude  of  8000  ft.  in  July. 

There  are  two  paratypes  in  the  Fernald  collection.  (3ne  lacks  the 
wings  on  one  side,  and  agrees  with  our  specimens  as  described  above. 
The  other  is  in  good  condition  and  is  less  contrasty. 

From  some  two  hundred  specimens  of  this  group  in  the  Barnes 
collection,  including  a  good  series  from  the  locality  mentioned  above, 
we  have  picked  only  the  four  specimens  which  seem  to  us  typical  of 
this  form.  Others  from  the  same  locality  appear  to  be  nearer  fragilis 
and  shastae. 

17.  Platyptilia  shastae  Walsingham.     PI.  XLIII,  fig.  7. 
Platyptilus  shastae  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  14,  pi.  I,  f.  11,  1880. 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  403,  1882. 
Platyptilia  shastae  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter,  N.  A.  28,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N,  M.  443,  1902 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.   Cat.  pars  17,   15,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917. 
Shastae  is  in  general  of  cold  shades,  but  much  darker  than  albida.  The 
legs,  as  noted  in  the  key,  tend  more  to  a  variably  complete  suffusion  of  gray 
and  the  head  and  body  are  usually  noticeably  gray  above.  The  spots  near  the 
inner  margin  of  the  primaries  are  completely  lacking  in  the  typical  form,  and 
that  in  the  cell  is  fused  with  the  dark  costal  area.  All  other  marks  are  as  in 
albida  and  the  other  forms,  but  the  wings  have  a  vaguely  marked,  dull-gray 
appearance.     Expanse  about  22  mm. 

Distribution:  California,  June  and  July;  Utah,  June.  The  type 
locality  is  Mt.  Shasta,  where  the  types  were  taken  at  an  altitude  of 
6,700  ft. 

18.  Platyptilia  albidorsella  Walsingham.  PI.  XLIII,  fig.  9. 
Platyptilus  albidorsellus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  13,  pi.  I.  f.  10,  1880. 
tPlatyptilia  albidorsella  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  30,  pi.  VIII,  ff.  5-7,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 


335 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  14,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnoiigh,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
fStcnoptilia  coloradcnsis  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  321,  1908  (in  part). 

Albidorsclla  is  closely  related  to  the  several  preceding  species, 
but  we  do  not  doubt  its  distinctness.  We  have  two  specimens  from 
the  Monache  Meadows,  taken  in  July,  which,  with  two  other  Califor- 
nian  specimens  in  coll.  Fernald,  are  very  similar  in  appearance  to 
shastae  as  already  described.  One  specimen  from  San  Diego  is  much 
brighter,  approaching  albida  but  more  heavily  marked  and  with  less 
whitish.  The  expanse  of  these  specimens  ranges  from  27  to  30  mm. 
We  regard  the  faint  scale  tuft  in  the  fringes  of  the  third  feather  of 
the  secondaries  as  the  distinguishing  feature  of  the  species.  This  tuft 
is  made  up  of  slender  dark  scales  and  is  not  readily  noticed  without 
the  aid  of  a  lens.  It  occurs  just  before  the  apex  of  the  lobe,  and  is 
preceded  by  only  a  few  scattered  dark  scales.  Such  a  tuft  appears 
in  a  few  specimens  which  we  refer  to  maca,  but  these  may  be  separated 
by  their  smaller  size  and  the  absence  of  a  well  defined  costal  triangle. 

The  male  genitalia  resemble  those  of  the  preceding  group. 

19.     Platyptilia  grandis  Walsingham.     PI.  XLIV,  fig.  6. 
Platyptihis  grandis  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  6,  pi  I,  f.  5,  1880. 
Platyptilia  grandis  Fernald.  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  30,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  15,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
BufT.  Antennae  with  brown  dots  above.  Frontal  tuft  very  short;  palpi 
moderate.  Abdomen  with  subdorsal  and  lateral  black  spots  in  posterior  mar- 
gins of  segments.  Triangular  spot  on  primaries  light  brown  with  its  angle 
opposite  cleft  blackish.  Spot  in  cell  blackish,  light  brown  shades  near  inner 
margin  at  one  quarter  from  base  and  at  middle.  Both  lobes  with  similar  shades, 
crossed  by  a  whitish  outer  line.  Fringes  white,  containing  a  row  of  blackish 
scales  along  outer  margin  and  a  few  clusters  on  inner.  Secondaries  pale,  dull 
brown,  fringes  with  paler  bases.  Third  lobe  buff  along  inner  margin,  with 
a  few  light  brown  scales  in  fringe.     Expanse  36  mm. 

Distribution :  Siskiyou  Co.,  Cal.  The  three  types  were  taken 
on  M'Leod  Creek,  near  Mt.  Shasta,  and  the  one  female  in  our  pos- 
session at  Shasta  Retreat,  all  in  August.  Its  occurrence  in  British 
Columbia  is  not  improbable,  but  we  cannot  verify  it. 


336 

This  magnificent  species  is  so  easly  recognized  that  we  give  only 
a  brief  description  of  it.  One  paratype  is  in  the  Fernald  collection, 
without  abdomen,  and  is  the  only  specimen  which  we  have  seen 
besides  the  female  mentioned  above.  Walsingham's  figure  is  rather 
browner  than  either  of  these. 

The  early  stages  are  still  unknown. 

20.     Platyptilia  albiciliata  Walsingham.     PI.  XLIII,  fig.  10.     PI. 

L,  fig.  15u. 
Platyftilus  albiciliatus  Walsingham,  Pter,  Cal.  Ore.  17,  pi.  I,  f.  13,  18811. 
tPlatyptilia  alhiciliata  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  32,  pi.  IX,  ff.  6-8,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  16,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDiinnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917. 
The   paratype   in   the   Fernald   collection   is,   as  described  by  Walsingham, 
of  an  even  dull  brown  shade.    It  has  a  very  faint  indication  of  the  dark  triangle, 
and  the  thorax  is  somewhat  lighter  behind.     The  palpi  are  moderate,  oblique, 
and  the   frontal  tuft  very  short  and  blunt. 

We  refer  five  specimens,  four  from  British  Columbia  and  one  from  Mon- 
tana, to  this  species.  These  diflfer  in  having  the  triangular  spot  well  marked, 
the  outer  pale  line  evident  at  least  on  the  first  lobe,  and  some  irroration  of 
bhiish-white  scales  on  the  disk.  The  fringes,  as  in  the  paratype,  are  grayish 
with  pale  bases  which  bear  a  row  of  dark  scales  on  the  outer  margin.  The 
inner  margin  in  the  paratype  and  four  of  our  specimens  has  only  a  trace  of 
scale  clusters.  The  secondaries  are  concolorous,  their  fringes  with  pale  bases, 
sometimes  conspicuous,  and  a  few  scattered  brown  scales  along  the  inner  mar- 
gin of  the  third  lobe.     Expanse  about  21  mm. 

Distribution :  N.  Cal.  to  B.  C.  Montana  ?  Late  May  to  July. 
The  specimen  which  we  first  took  to  be  this  species  are  those 
now  placed  tentatively  as  Carolina.  They  differ  in  their  lighter,  more 
tawny  shade  of  brown,  in  the  two  well  marked  scale  tufts  on  the 
inner  inargin  of  the  primaries,  and  the  more  pointed  uncus.  Fernald's 
figure  shows  that  in  his  paratype  of  albiciliata  the  uncus  was  broadly 
spatulate  at  the  tip,  and  our  British  Columbia  series  agree  in  this 
structure,  as  well  as  in  the  dull  ground  color.  We  had  set  these  speci- 
mens aside  as  new,  but  have  little  hesitation  in  applying  this  name  to 
them,  though  they  are  distinctly  marked.  It  is  quite  likely  that  Wal- 
singham's series  of  six,  taken  on  the  same  day,  were  an  abnormally 


337 

dull  form,  as  was  the  case  with  one  other  of  his  species.    Our  Montana 
specimen  is  more  doubtful. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

21.     Platyptilia  maea  n.  sp.     PI.  XLIII,  fig.  8. 

Head  and  body  grayish  white  with  some  brown  scales.  Abdomen  witli 
dark  subdorsal  lines  just  beyond  middle  and  similar  lines  below.  Antennae 
brown  dotted  above :  frontal  tuft  very  slight ;  palpi  moderate,  slender.  Fore  and 
mid  tibiae  whitish  with  dark  lines.  Legs  otherwise  whitish  with  gray-brown 
shading  which  usually  predominates. 

Primaries  with  a  dark  dot  before  cleft  and  a  costal  shade  above  which 
indicate  the  outer  limits  of  the  usual  triangle,  but  in  this  case  they  are  vaguely 
connected  by  a  brownish  gray  shade  which  nins  back  along  the  costa.  On 
the  costa  it  is  always  followed  by  a  whitish  dash  which  may  extend  further 
across  the  wing  as  a  pale  shade.  Lobes  brownish  gray  crossed  by  the  usual 
outer  pale  line,  incomplete  on  the  second.  Inner  margin  paler,  especially  just 
inside  of  the  cleft,  where  it  is  sometimes  whitish  buff.  Spot  in  cell  and  those 
near  inner  margin  present  or  absent.  Dark  areas  more  or  less  irrorate  with 
white,  but  never  plentifully.  Fringes  gray  with  white  bases  containing  the 
usual  dark  basal  scales  on  the  outer  margin  and  two  clusters  on  inner;  dark  at 
angles.  Secondaries  more  brownish  with  concolorous  fringes;  third  lobe  paler, 
with  a  few  dark  scales  in  fringes  of  inner  margin.     Expanse  19-25  mm. 

Male  genitalia  as  in  the  preceding  species.     (See  plate  L,  f.  ISu.) 

Described  from  nine  specimens  taken  in  the  Tuolumne  Meadows,  Tuolumne 
Co.,  Cal.,  in  July  and  August,  and  disposed  as  follows: 

Holotype   S ,  allotype  and  4  paratypes   5  ,  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype   S   and  paratype   9 ,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23462. 

Paratype    S    coll.  Meyrick. 

We  associate  with  these  a  number  of  specimens  from  Wash., 
Ore.,  Alta.,  Utah.  Colo,  and  Cal.  which  are  in  general  much  lighter  in 
color.  All  agree  in  lacking  a  well  defined  triangular  spot  before  the 
cleft,  and  in  having  the  position  of  the  anal  angle  of  this  spot  marked 
by  a  blackish  dot,  conspicuous  in  all  but  the  darkest  specimens.  The 
form  may  belong  to  the  albida  series,  but  is  very  readily  separated. 
It  is  intermediate  between  those  species  and  cooleyi  in  the  development 
of  its  pattern. 

In  a  few  specimens  there  is  a  trace  of  a  subterminal  cluster  of 
slender  dark  scales  in  the  fringes  of  the  third  feather  of  the  second- 
aries which  indicates  relationship  with  albidorsclla  as  well. 


338 

22.     Platyptilia  cooleyi  Fernald.    PI.  XLIV,  fig.  9. 

Platyfihlia  cooleyi  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  30,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars.  17,  IS,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDiinnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Stcnot'tilia  schwarzi  Dyar,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  V,  228,   1903. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  18,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  28,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Vestiture  of  head  and  body  a  mixture  of  gray  brown  and  tawny,  with 
a  few  whitish  scales.  Antennae  dark  above  with  a  few  white  scales,  giving  a 
va.guely  dotted  effect.  Frontal  tuft  very  slight;  palpi  moderate,  porrect,  touched 
with  white  above  and  below.  Thorax  whitish  behind.  Fore  tibiae  brown  striped, 
the  stripes  often  fused  into  broad  shades  on  inside.  Tarsi  and  hind  legs  brown- 
ish-gray with  whitish  scales,  paler  on  inside. 

Primaries  with  mixed  whitish  and  brownish  gray  scales,  olive  gray  in 
general  tone,  becoming  buff  toward  inner  margin.  Costa  with  a  dark  stripe, 
dotted  with  whitish  scales,  which  terminates  above  base  of  cleft.  This  is  pre- 
ceded by  a  subcostal  whitish  line  which  reaches  costa  above  cleft  and  usually 
forms  a  prominent  pale  mark.  The  cleft  is  preceded  by  a  dark  dot,  sometimes 
included  in  a  vague  transverse  dash,  and  there  is  a  similar  dot  in  the  cell  about 
half  way  to  base.  As  the  ground  color  is  lighter  or  darker,  these  markings 
vary  in  contrast.  Lobes  may  or  may  not  be  crossed  by  the  usual  outer  pale 
line.  Fringes  grayish  with  pale  bases  containing  a  row  of  gray-brown  scales 
along  outer  margin.  Inner  margin  without  clusters  of  scales.  Secondaries 
brownish  gray.  Fringes  concolorous  with  pale  bases,  sometimes  containing  a 
few  scattered  scales  on  inner  margin  of  third  feather,  but  these  are  never  dark 
enough  to  be  conspicuous.     Expanse  22-32  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  resemble  those  of  tlie  albida  groitp. 

Distribution :     Colo.,  Ariz.,  Nev.,  Jime  to  August. 

Fernald  described  cooleyi  from  "seven  examples  taken  in  Mar- 
shall's Pass,  Colo.,  July  15,  1888,  and  one  taken  in  Colorado  by  Bruce." 
There  are  now  only  six  specimens  labelled  "M.  Pass.  7-15-88"  in  the 
Fernald  collection,  four  labelled  cotype,  one  type,  and  one  with  only 
the  name  which  is  evidently  another  "cotype."  The  specimen  col- 
lected by  Bruce  is  in  the  National  Museuin,  labelled  as  a  cotype  of 
cooleyi,  but  it  belongs  to  modesta  Walsingham.  We  have  specimens 
from  Silverton,  Colo.,  July,  which  are  almost  exact  matches  for  the 
type,  and  these  are  evidently  the  same  as  sclnvarzi,  though  the  unique 
type  of  schwarci  taken  at  Williams,  Arizona,  is  in  too  poor  condition 
for  really  accurate  identification.     This  type  expands  32  mm.,  while 


339 

none  of  our  specimens  is  over  28  mm.,  but  in  view  of  the  range  of  size 
exhibited  by  our  series  of  fifteen  specimens,  we  do  not  regard  this  as 
important.  Such  markings  as  are  still  distinguishable  correspond  with 
our  series. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

23.     Platyptilia  xylopsamma  Meyrick.    PI.  XLIV,  fig.  5. 
Platyptilia  xylopsamma  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1907,  488,  1908  (Feb). 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  16,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  ISO,  1917. 
Stenoptilia  gorgoniensis  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  321,  1908  (Sept.). 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  30,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,   1917. 
The  original  description  is  as  follows : 

"9.  28  mm.  Head  light  yellow-ochreous  sprinkled  with  whitish,  frontal 
tuft  moderate.  Palpi  2  1/3  (X  eye],  pale  yellow-ochreous  sprinkled  with  fus- 
cous, white  beneath  and  at  apex.  Antennae  whitish-ochreous,  above  with  a 
dark  fuscous  line.  Thorax  brownish-ochreous  sprinkled  with  whitish,  espe- 
cially on  patagia,  which  are  somewhat  expanded  towards  apex.  Abdomen 
whitish-ochreous,  faintly  streaked  with  brownish.  Legs  whitish,  lined  with 
dark  fuscous  (posterior  pair  broken).  Fore-wings  cleft  from  3/4,  segments 
broad,  termen  of  first  somewhat  sinuate,  of  second  very  slightly  bent,  oblique; 
brownish-ochreous,  slightly  sprinkled  with  whitish,  dorsal  half  suffused  with 
pale  whitish-ochreous  from  base  to  cleft ;  costal  edge  very  shortly  strigulated 
with  dark  fuscous  on  basal  third ;  a  small  round  dark  fuscous  spot  in  disc  at 
1/3,  and  another  tending  to  form  a  transverse  mark  close  before  and  beneath 
cleft;  a  mark  of  dark  fuscous  suffusion  along  costa  above  cleft,  followed  by  a 
white  mark  mostly  in  costal  cilia;  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous,  on  tennen  with 
basal  half  rather  dark  fuscous,  on  dorsum  with  a  greyish  bar  beneath  cleft. 
Hind-wings  cleft  firstly  from  before  middle,  secondly  from  1/5;  first  segment 
considerably  dilated,  second  moderate;  ferruginous-fuscous;  cilia  pale  greyish, 
within  cleft  mostly  suffused  with  very  pale  ochreous,  on  termen  of  first  seg- 
ment darker  grey  on  basal  half,  on  dorsum  with  a  series  of  short  dark  fuscous 
scales  from  base  to  2/3. 

"Colorado,  U.  S.,  7000  feet ;  one  specimen." 

Our  single  specimen,  which  has  a  broken  abdomen  and  only  one 
leg,  is  from  Stockton,  Utah,  Sept.  6  (Spalding).  Mr.  Meyrick  has 
examined  this  specimen  and  returned  it  to  us  as  this  species,  and  we 
have  found  personally  that  it  is  almost  an  exact  comparison  with  the 
types  of  gorgoniensis  Grinnell.  both  of  which  are  males.  The  type 
locality  of  the  latter  species  is  South  Fork,  Santa  Ana  R.,  San  Ber- 
nardino Mts.,  Cal. 

We  have  no  notes  on  the  habits  of  this  species. 


340 

24.     Platyptilia  modesta  Walsingham.     PI.  XLIII,  fig.  12.     PI.  L, 

fig.  7. 
Platyptilus  modcstus  Walsingham,  Peter.  Cal.  Ore.  18,  pi.  I,  f.  14,  1880. 
XPlatyptilia  modesta  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  31,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12.  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  16,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Abdomen  tawny,  thorax  and  head  more  brownish-gray  with  a  few  white 
scales.     Antennae  dark  above,   pale  below.     Frontal   tuft   slight,  blunt.     Palpi 
moderate,  touched   with  white  above  and  below.     Legs  whitish ;    fore  and  mid 
tibiae  striped  with  gray  brown,  tarsi  and  hind  legs  shaded  on  one  side. 

Primaries  grayish  brown  or  brownish  gray,  blending  to  buff  or  tawny 
on  inner  margin  and  heavily  irrorate  with  whitish  scales.  At  middle  of  cell 
and  before  cleft  are  black  or  brown  dots.  The  costa  is  dark  as  far  as  cleft. 
First  lobe  sometimes  with  a  very  faint  trace  of  the  outer  pale  line.  Fringes 
grayish  with  pale  bases;  a  basal  row  of  dark  scales  on  outer  margin  and  a  few 
scattered  dark  scales  on  inner.  Marginal  scales  on  costa  of  first  lobe  concol- 
orous  with  wing.  Secondaries  brownish  gray,  fringes  with  pale  bases  containing 
a  few  inconspicuous  scales  on  inner  margin  of  third  lobe.     Expanse  21-24  mm. 

The  male  genitalia,  as  shown  in  the  figure,  are  similar  to  those 
of  the  albida  group  but  have  relatively  broader  claspers  and  a  trun- 
cate-spatulate  uncus. 

Distribution :  N.  Cal.  to  Colo.,  N.  M.  and  Ariz.  Apr.,  June,  July, 
Aug. 

We  have  but  four  specimens  of  this  species,  one  from  Denver, 
Colo.,  one  from  the  Pluachuca  Mts.,  Ariz.,  and  two  from  Ft.  Wingate, 
N.  M.  Of  tlie  last,  one  has  been  returned  to  us  by  Meyrick  as  equal 
to  the  type  of  modesta  in  the  British  Museum,  and  the  other  is  a  good 
match  for  the  National  Museum  cotype  of  coolcyi  mentioned  imder 
that  species.  As  exemplified  by  these  specimens,  the  species  resembles 
coolcyi  but  dififers  in  its  smaller  size,  the  absence  of  the  outer  pale  line 
on  the  lobes  of  the  primaries  and  of  the  pale  dash  above  the  base  of 
the  cleft.  It  is  even  closer  to  xylopsamma  Meyrick.  We  should  have 
made  the  latter  a  synonym  but  for  the  fact  that  Mr.  Meyrick  called 
our  attention  to  the  whitish  marginal  scales  on  the  costa  of  the  first 
lobe  of  the  primaries.  In  modesta,  as  noted,  these  are  concolorous 
with  the  wing. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  life  history. 


341 

25.  Platyptilia  petrodactyla  Walker.    PI.  XLIV,  fig.  7. 
Pieroplwrus  petrodactylus  Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  940,  1864. 
Plalyftilus  petrodactylus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  20,  pi.  II,  f.   15,  1880. 
tPlatyptilia  petrodactyla  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  189L 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  31,  1898. 

Dyar,  Proc.  Wash.  Acad.  II,  499,   1900. 

Fernald,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  16,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough  Check  List  150,  1917. 
Primaries  powdery  gray.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  faint  transverse  dash  and 
a  few  black  scales.  Both  lobes  crossed  by  a  pale  outer  line,  preceded  in  the 
second  by  two  dark  dashes  and  in  the  first  by  a  heavy  black  dash,  very  oblique, 
running  toward  base  of  cleft  and  in  turn  preceded  by  a  pale  costal  area.  Sec- 
ondaries concolorous,  third  feather  with  a  few  scattered  blackish  scales  in 
fringes  of  inner  margin.     Expanse  about  25  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  agree  with  those  of  Carolina  and  the  albida 
group,  but  in  our  .single  slide  we  are  unable  to  be  certain  of  the  shape 
of  the  uncus. 

This  species  was  described  from  '"Arctic  America,"  and  is  known 
to  us  through  two  specimens  from  Dawson,  Alaska,  taken  June  20, 
1916.  These  were  presented  to  the  National  Museum  by  Mr.  B.  P. 
Clark,  and  through  the  courtesy  of  the  staff  of  that  institution,  one 
is  now  in  the  Barnes  collection.  Mr.  Meyrick  has  verified  our  identi- 
fication by  comparison  with  Walker's  type  in  the  British  Museum. 
Dyar  records  three  specimens  taken  on  Popof  Is.,  July. 

Walsingham's  figure,  presumably  drawn  from  the  type,  is  much 
paler  than  the  Alaskan  specimens,  but  agrees  in  essential  features. 
We  regard  the  heavy  oblique  dash  as  a  sufficient  distinguishing  fea- 
ture. It  is  conspicuous  and  easily  separates  this  froin  all  of  our  other 
species,  since  they  are  marked  in  the  same  place  by  either  transverse 
shades  or  longitudinal  dashes. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  early  stages. 

26.  Platyptilia  albicans  Fish.  PI.  XLIII,  fig.  11.    PI.  L,  fig.  12. 
Platyptilus  albicans  Fish,  Can.  Ent.  XIII,  71,  1881. 

Platyptilia  albicans  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  32,  pi.  VIII,  ff.  12,  13,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  11,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  15,   191.1. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,   1917. 


342 

Creamy  white,  usually  more  or  less  discolored.  Antennae  with  brown 
dots  above.  Frontal  tuft  lacking.  Palpi  rather  small  and  slender,  but  pro- 
jecting well  beyond  front ;  brownish  on  sides.  Legs  with  brown  stripes,  hind 
pair  with  brown  shades. 

Primaries  creamy  white  with  white-irrorate  brown  areas,  the  two  colors 
about  equally  extensive.  Both  lobes  with  a  terminal  brown  band  and  one  just 
before  middle  which  fades  out  toward  inner  margin  of  wing.  Costa  brown 
as  far  as  base  of  cleft  and  inward  to  a  transverse  dash  before  cleft,  this  area 
usually  almost  connected  by  brown  with  anal  angle.  Fringes  white  with  gray 
tips ;  brown  and  white  scales  in  bases  along  outer  margin.  Secondaries  gray- 
brown,  either  without  dark  scales  in  fringe  or  with  a  faint  tuft  of  slender 
scales,  not  visible  without  lens,  near  middle  of  inner  margin  of  third  lobe. 
Expanse   17-24  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  are  somewhat  similar  to  those  of  tcsseradac- 
tyla,  which  agree  also  with  the  two  following  species,  but  possess  dis- 
tinctive features  as  iUustrated.  This  relationship  suggests  that  tesscr- 
adactyla  should  be  associated  with  this  and  the  other  two  species,  but 
its  superficial  characters  lead  us  to  leave  it  elsewhere. 

Distribution:  Described  from  Nevada  (Morrison).  We  have 
five  specimens  from  Verdi,  Nev.  June,  one  from  Yellowstone  Park, 
VVyo.,  July,  and  two  from  Silverton,  Colo.  In  the  Fernald  collection, 
in  addition  to  the  unique  9  type,  there  is  a  specimen  from  California, 
and  we  have  identified  a  specimen  from  British  Columbia  for  Mr.  G.  O. 
Day. 

The  last  specimen  mentioned,  a  3  taken  on  Stoker's  Mt.,  July 
23,  1909,  is  anoinalous.  We  place  it  here  with  little  hesitation,  though 
it  is  so  much  darker  than  the  typical  form  that  a  casual  examination 
discloses  little  resemblance.  It  corresponds  in  essential  features  with 
our  series,  but  differs  in  having  the  brovv'n  areas  darker  and  more 
extended,  the  pale  areas  consequently  narrow  and  somewhat  tinged 
with  brown.  The  tuft  in  the  fringes  of  the  secondaries  is  faintly  visible 
to  tiie  naked  eye. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  life  history. 

27.     Platyptilia  pallidactyla  Haworth.     PI.  XLIV,  fig.  3,  4.     PI. 

L,  fig.  11. 
.Uiicita  pallidactyla  Haworth,  Lcp.  Brit.  478,  1812. 
Ptcrophorus  marginidactylus  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Agr.  Soc.  XIY,  848,  18S4. 

Id.,   1st  Rep.  Ent.  N.  Y.  144,  1854. 

IMorris,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  A.  54,   1860. 

Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  940,   1864. 


343 

Ptcrophorus  nehulaedactylus  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y,  Agr.  Soc.  XIV,  849,  1854. 

Id.,  1st  Rep.  Ent.  N.  Y.  145,  1854, 

Morris,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  A.  54,  1860. 

Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.   M.  XXX,  940,  1864. 
Platyptilus  bertrami  Roessler,  Wien.  Ent.  Mon.  VIII,  54,  1864. 

Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  3,  pi.  I,  f.  3,  1880. 

Dimmock,  Psyche   III,  403,   1882. 
Playptilus  bischoffi  Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIII,  333,  1867. 
Pterophorus  cervinidactylus  Packard,  Ann.  Lye.  N.  Y.  X,  266,  1873. 
Platyptilus  adustus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore,  5,  pi.  I,  f.  4,  1880. 
Pkityptilia  bischoffi  Murtfeldt,  Am.  Ent.  Ill,  235,  1880. 
Pterophorus  bertrami  Porritt,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XXII,  103,   1885. 
tPlatyptilia  adusta  Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,   1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  32,  pi.  V,  ff.  7,  8,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52,  U.  S.  N.  M.  443,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  16,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917. 
fPlalyptilia  ochrodactyhi  Femald  (not  Hbn.)  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Platyptilia  bertrami  Barrett,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XVIII,  177,  1882. 

Meyrick,  Handbook  434,  1895. 

Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  64,  79,  1895  (biol). 

Tint,  Pter,  Brit.  31,  1896. 
tPlatyptilia  marginidactyla  Fcrnald.  Pter.  N.  A.  34,  pi.  IX.   ff.  4,  5,   1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902. 

Id.,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.,  Rev.  Ed.  99,  1903. 

Winn,  List  Ins,  Que.  85,  1912. 

Britton,  Ins.  Conn.  103,  1920. 
Platyptilia  pallidactyla  Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12,  1910. 

id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat,  pars  17,  15,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  150,  1917, 
Head  and  body  yellowish  white  to  tawny,  abdomen  with  dorsal  and  ventral 
brown    stripe.     Antennae   brown   spotted    above.     Frontal   tuft   about   as   long 
as   head,   sharply   pointed.     Palpi   long,   slender,   porrect,   noticeably   .surpassing 
tuft.     Legs  white  with  brown  shadings  on  tibiae,  and  a  trace  on  tarsi. 

Primaries  with  nebulous  bright  brown  and  whitish  markings.  Cleft  pre- 
ceded by  two  brown  dots.  Pale  areas  a  blotch  in  cell,  preceded  by  a  brown 
dot,  one  near  inner  margin  about  one  third  from  base,  and  a  broader  area 
below  base  of  cleft.  Lobes  paler  brown,  crossed  by  a  pale  line  outwardly  and 
with  a  pale  area  on  costa  above  base  of  cleft,  before  which  costa  is  narrowly 
dark  brown,  dotted  with  white.  All  brown  areas  slightly  irrorate  with  white. 
Apex  of  first  lobe  produced,  acute.  Secondaries  brown.  Fringes  of  inner 
margin  of  third  lobe  with  pale  bases  and  usually  with  a  faint  cluster  of  slender 
dark  scales  just  beyond  middle.     Expanse  21-26  mm. 

Male  genitalia  similar  to  those  of  albicans  but  with  broader  valves 
and  without  the  long  processes  on  the  juxta. 


344 

Distribution :  Europe.  Ranges  apparently  over  the  entire  con- 
tinent of  North  America  north  of  Z7°  I-at.    May  to  August. 

In  North  America  paUldactyla  varies  from  almost  pure  creamy 
white  to  (lull  brown,  the  paratype  of  adusta  being  the  darkest  speci- 
men known  to  us.  It  is  not  difficult  to  confuse  extremely  pale  speci- 
mens with  the  following  species,  but  the  form  of  the  primaries  and 
the  relative  lengths  of  palpi  and  frontal  tuft  are  very  different.  We 
have  examined  over  one  hundred  fifty  specimens  from  many  North 
American  localities. 

There  is  a  series  in  the  Fernald  collection  from  St.  George  and 
St.  Paul  Is.,  Alaska,  Aug..  which  are  scarcely  recognizable  as  this 
species,  but  which  seem  to  agree  in  all  essential  features.  The  geni- 
talia are  similar,  the  frontal  tuft  and  palpi  are  similar  in  those  speci- 
mens in  which  they  are  reasonably  well  preserved,  and  the  scale  tuft 
in  the  fringes  of  the  secondaries  is  the  same.  The  primaries  are  very 
dull  an<l  evenly  coloured,  but  this  occurs  in  other  regions.  The  only 
character  which  is  really  doubtful  is  the  relatively  blunt  apex  of  the 
primaries.  The  series  is  so  poor  that  we  hesitate  to  describe  it  as 
new,  and  place  it  here  until  additional  material  from  Alaska  can  be 
examined. 

Among  Fitch's  types  in  the  Fernald  collection  are  a  number  of 
specimens  of  pallidactyla,  of  which  four  are  labelled  nebulaedact\ins. 
Two  of  these  bear  Fernald's  type  labels.  Both  are  badly  rubbed,  but 
recognisable.  A  specimen  of  Oedcmatophonis  homodactylus  Walker 
is  also  labelled  "P.  nehulacdactylus  Type."  One  badly  molded  speci- 
men otherwise  in  fair  condition,  is  labelled  "P.  niarginidactylus  Type.'" 
The  paratype  of  adusta  Wlsm.  in  this  collection  is  a  very  evenly  dull- 
brown  specimen  of  this  species.  The  type  of  cervinidactylns  is  in  the 
Cambridge  Museum,  and  is  a  rather  dull  specimen  of  pallidactyla.  The 
synonymy  otherwise  follows  Meyrick. 

The  larvae  live  on  Achillea  millefolium  and  plannica,  attacking, 
according  to  Barrett,  "the  top  of  a  young  shoot,  eating  out  the  heart 
and  feeding  doivmvards  for  a  short  distance  into  the  tender  young 
stem,  then  leaves  it  to  attack  another  young  shoot  in  the  same  manner." 

From  various  sources  we  have  selected  the  following  descriptions 
of  the  early  stages : 

Egg:  "  *  *  *  elliptical  in  outline  and  somewhat  flattened.  The  longer 
diameter    was    three-sevenths   of    a    millimeter   and    the    shorter   diameter   was 


345 

three-tenths  of  a  millimeter,  and  the  surface  was  irregularly  corrugated.  When 
first  deposited  they  were  of  a  light  cream  color  or  almost  hyaline  with  a  glossy 
surface,  but  after  two  days  they  turned  to  a  deep  flesh  color."  (Fernald,  Pter. 
N.  A.  35,  quoted  from  Fish,  in  litt.). 

Larva:  "They  were  of  the  usual  forui  of  larvae  of  this  genus,  though 
perhaps  a  little  more  slender  than  some  species;  body  cylindrical,  stoutest  in 
the  middle,  tapering  towards  the  extremeties:  head  small  and  polished,  con- 
siderably narrower  than  the  second  segment;  segmental  divisions  well  defined, 
the  skin  rather  glossy. 

"When  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  long,  the  ground  colour  is  pale  grey- 
ish-olive, but  this  is  almo.st  hidden  by  dark  purplish-brown  dorsal  and  sub-dorsal 
stripes,  which  give  the  larva  a  very  dark  appearance;  head  very  pale  straw- 
colour,  marked  with  smoky-brown,  the  ocelli  black,  and  the  mandibles  reddish- 
brown;  frontal  plate  and  anterior  legs  polished  black. 

"In  the  next  stage,  that  is,  when  about  three-eighths  of  an  inch  long,  it 
has  become  considerably  lighter  in  colour;  the  ground  is  glaucous-green,  the 
dorsal  and  sub-dorsal  stripes  purple,  but  more  interrupted,  and  not  so  wide 
as  in  the  earlier  stage;  head  of  the  same  pale  straw-colour,  but  not  so  clouded 
with  darker,  though  the  ocelli  are  still  black,  and  the  mandibles  reddish-brown; 
the  frontal  plate  is  gradually  becoming  pale  like  the  head,  the  black  being  con- 
fined to  the  front  in  some  specimens,  in  others  to  a  black  edging,  more  or  less 
broken  all  round.  Ground  of  the  ventral  area  and  the  prolegs  uniformly 
glaucous-green,  the  anterior  legs  now  ringed  with  black  only. 

"In  the  adult  stage,  about  half  to  five-eights  of  an  inch,  the  larva  has 
a  still  paler  appearance.  Ground-colour  bright  pea-green;  head  very  pale 
straw-colour,  faintly  tinged  w^ith  green,  the  large  ocelli  intensely  black,  and 
consequently  very  conspicuous,  the  mandibles  reddish-brown,  frontal  and  small 
anal  plate  of  the  same  bright  green  as  the  ground-colour;  the  dark  green 
(slightly  brownish  anteriorly)  pulsating  dorsal  vessel  forms  the  dorsal  stripe; 
between  it  and  the  spiracular  region  are  two  greyish-white  stripes,  on  which  the 
small  black  tubercular  spots  may  be  seen;  below  the  spiracles  is  a  still  clearer 
and  more  conspicuous  white  stripe;  spiracles  black. 

"Ventral  surface  uniformly  of  the  same  bright  green  of  the  dorsal  area; 
at  the  front  and  at  the  base  of  each  anterior  leg,  is  an  intensely  black  spot; 
and  the  prolegs  are  finely  margined  with  black.'"  (Porritt,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag. 
XXII,  103-4.) 

Pupa:  "The  pupa  is  a  little  over  half  an  inch  long  *  *  *  It  has  'a  longish 
beak  in  front,  projecting  at  a  slight  angle  downwards  from  the  head,  pointed 
at  the  tail;  the  wing-cases  of  moderate  length,  well  developed,  and  the  ends 
of  the  leg  cases  projecting  free  from  the  abdomen."  The  colour  is  bright 
pale  green,  dorsal  line  darker  green,  edged  on  the  thorax  with  white;  beak 
white  above,  rust  colour  at  the  sides;  there  is  also  a  conspicuous  streak  of  this 
rust  colour  on  the  hind  part  of  the  thorax,  and  the  same  colour  also  appears 
(but  more  faintly)  on  the  abdominal  point,  and  at  the  tip  of  the  leg-cases; 
subdorsal  line  dark  green,  lateral  line  white. 


346 

"Ventral  surface  pale  green,  with  darker  green  lines  and  the  wing  cases 
with  whitish  rays."     (Porritt,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XXII,  104-5.) 

28.     Platyptilia  albertae  n.  sp.    PI.  XLIV,  fig.  8.    PI.  L,  fig.  6. 

White.  Antennae  dotted  above  with  gray-brown.  Frontal  tuft  as  long 
as  head,  sharply  pointed.  Palpi  moderate,  oblique,  surpassing  front  but  not 
reaching  end  of  tuft.  Fore  and  middle  legs  white,  shaded  with  blackish  inside. 
Hind  legs  darker  on  outside,  annulate  at  bases  of  spurs  and  tips  of  tarsal 
joints. 

Primaries  white.  Costa  narrowly  brownish  gray  to  cleft.  Cleft  preceded 
by  two  dark  dots ;  a  third  similar  dot  in  middle  of  cell.  Lobes  with  terminal 
and  median  grayish  shades  defining  the  broad  outer  white  line.  Fringes  white, 
basal  scales  on  outer  margin  also  white,  grayish  in  a  few  spots.  Hind  wings 
light  brownish  gray,  fringes  and  third  lobe  slightly  paler.  Fringes  with  a  very 
faint  trace  of  a  median  cluster  of  grayish  hair-like  scales  just  beyond  middle 
of  third  feather  in  one  paratype ;  entirely  without  dark  scales  in  the  remaining 
specimens.     Expanse  24-27  mm. 

The  shape  of  the  primaries  is  distinctive.  Toward  the  apex  the  costa  is 
abruptly  rounded,  the  apex  is  very  blunt,  and  the  outer  margin  of  the  first 
lobe  almost  straight.  The  first  lobe,  and  consequently  the  entire  wing,  looks 
very  wide  and  blunt. 

The  male  genitalia  are  similar  to  those  of  pnllidactyla  but  differ  in  the 
form  of  the  valves  and  uncus. 

Described  from  four  specimens  as  follows : 

Holotype  9 ,  Laggan,  Alta.,  Aug.  16-23,  and  one  paratype  9 ,  OljTnpic 
Mts.,  Wash.,  in  coll.  Barnes. 

Allotype,  Mt.   Cheam,   B.  C.,  Aug.,  in  coll.  E.   H.   Blackmore. 

Paratype    9,  Laggan,  Alta.,  Aug.  16-23,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23463. 

This  beautiful  species  is  very  distinct  from  all  others.  Extremely 
pale  examples  of  pallidactyla  resemble  it  superficially,  but  the  form 
of  the  wings  and  relative  size  of  palpi  and  frontal  tuft  are  conspicu- 
ously different.  Unfortunately  the  wings  have  a  tendency  to  stain 
very  easily,  and  three  of  the  types  are  more  or  less  tawny.  Only  the 
holotype  is  a  clean  specimen. 

We  have  no  data  on  the  life  history. 

Genus  Exelastis  Meyrick 

?  Orthotype atomosa  Wlsm. 

Exelastis  Meyrick,  Jn.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  XVII,  730,  1907  (fide  Meyrick). 
Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 
The  one  North  American  species  which  we  incUule  in  this  genus 
differs  from  Marasmarcha  in  structure  only  in  the  presence  of  a  few 


347 

black  scales  in  the  fringes  of  the  inner  margin  of  the  third  feather  of 
the  secondaries,  and  in  the  great  reduction  of  vein  R.j,  of  the  pri- 
maries. This  vein  is  scarcely  as  well  marked  as  our  figure  indicates 
(pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  8a). 

We  originally  placed  ccrvinicolor  in  Marasmarcha  but  took  up  the 
matter  with  Mr.  Meyrick,  who  agrees  with  us  that  E.vdastis  should 
be  retained. 

1.      E.XELASTIS  CERVINICOLOR  B.  &  Mc  D.      PI.  XLII,  fig.  8.      PL  XLIX. 

fig.  12. 
Ptcrofhortis  ccrvinicolor  Barnes  &  McDunnoiigh,  Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  Lep.  N.  A. 
II,  185,  pi.  IV,  f.  10,  1913. 
Id.,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII,  136,  1917. 

We  reproduce  the  original  description.  The  head  and  body  are 
concolorous  with  the  wings,  the  fore  and  middle  legs  whitish  with  dark 
stripes  inside  and  the  hind  pair  dark  outside,  slightly  paler  within. 
Spurs  long.     Palpi  upturned. 

"Primaries  with  both  lobes  narrow,  pointed  and  slightly  down-curved 
at  apex,  deep  grayish  fawn-color,  a  slight  sprinkling  of  blackish  scales  on  inner 
margin  >i  from  base,  forming  a  more  or  less  obvious  patch,  a  dark  dot  yi  way 
between  base  of  wing  and  incision ;  two  slight  black  costal  dashes  near  apex 
of  wing  and  another  on  inner  margin  of  first  lobe  near  apex;  extreme  apex 
of  botli  lobes  tipped  with  black  and  fringe  along  inner  margin  of  2nd  lobe 
rather  regularly  cut  by  black;  fringes  otherwise  pale  fawn.  Secondaries  deep 
smoky  with  pale  fawn  fringes.  Beneath,  smoky,  lobes  of  primaries  paler. 
Expanse   16  mm." 

The  type  appears  to  be  a  9  and  the  "cotype"  a  S  .  Both  are  from 
Everglade,  Fla.,  Apr.  8-15.  We  have  in  addition  a  small  series  from 
Chokoloskee  without  dates. 

The  regular  black  tufts  along  the  inner  margin  of  the  primaries 
and  the  scattered  black  scales  in  the  fringe  of  the  secondaries  should 
remove  any  difficulty  attending  the  identification  of  the  species.  In 
addition  the  inale  genitalia  are  quite  different  from  any  others  known 
to  us. 

A  recent  communication  from  Mr.  Meyrick  suggests  to  us  that 
cervinicolor  is  identical  with  his  crepusciilaris,  known  from  S.  Africa 
and  Australia.  This  is  quite  possible,  of  course,  but  we  prefer  to 
retain  the  present  name  until  the  genitalia  of  specimens  from  the  other 
continents  can  be  examined. 


348 

Genus  Marasmarcha  Meyrick 
Logotype  Alucita  lunacdactyla  Haw. 

Manuinanha  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  11,  1886. 

Id.,  op.  cit.  488,  1890. 

Id.,  Handbook  437,  1895. 

Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  48,  115,  1895. 

Tiitt.   Pter.   Brit.  81,   1896. 

Id.,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  ib,  1905.     Fixes  type. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  26,  1913. 
Front  sometimes  with  a  tuft  of  scales.  Ocelli  absent.  Palpi  moderate, 
slender,  oblique  or  upturned.  Primaries  bifid,  cleft  about  two-fifths;  vein 
Cu,  from  near  angle,  Cu^  and  M^  connate  or  stalked,  R„  and  R^  stalked, 
Rj  absent.  Secondaries  trifid,  Cu.,  from  near  middle  of  cell,  Cu^  and  M 
connate  or  stalked.     (See  pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  8.) 

This  genus  has  previously  been  recorded  only  from  the  Old 
World  but  putnilio  is  certainly  a  true  Marasmarcha.  We  are  reassured 
in  this  conclusion  by  the  fact  that  Mr.  Meyrick  has  recently  com- 
municated to  us  by  lei  tor  the  same  opinion,   intlependently  reached. 

1.     Marasmarcha  pumilio  Zeller.     Pi.  XLII,  fig.  7.     PI.  XLIX,  fig. 

13, 
Mhncseoptilus  pumilio  Zeller,  Verb.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien,  XXIII,  324,  1873. 
Marasmarcha  liophancs  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  .Soc.  Lond.  1886,  19. 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  18,  pi.  fig.  15,  1910. 
StcHoptilia  pumilio  Fernald,  Smith'sList  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  58,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,   1902. 

Mejrick,   Gen.   Ins.  C,   18,   1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  28,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   151,   1917. 
ixllimaescpptiliis  gilvidorsis  Hedmann  (not  Zcll.),  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  LVII,  8,  1896 

(in  part,  fide  Wlsm.). 
Stenopiilia   ?  pumilio   Walsingham,   Proc.   Zool.   Soc.  Lond.   1897,  58. 
griscodactylus  Pagenstecher,   Zoologica   XXIX,  240,   1900    {fide   Mey- 
rick). 
Head  light  brown,  conocoloroiis  with  anterior  half  of  thorax.     Antennae 
with  a  dark  line  above.     Palpi  slender,  second  joint  oblique,  third  porrect,  the 
sides  dark.     Posterior  half  of  thorax  and  abdomen  pale  yellow,  the  latter  be- 
coming more  brownish  behind.     Abdomen  with  a  brown  dorsal  and  paired  ven- 
tral lines,  inconspicuous,  and   several  others  very   faint.     Fore  and  middle  legs 
white,  striped  with  brown  inside;  hind  pair  whitish,  brown  without. 


349 

Primaries  brown,  concolorous  with  thorax  ;  inner  margin  at  base  yellow- 
ish, like  posterior  part  of  thorax,  this  shade  disappearing  before  middle.  Apices 
of  both  lobes  somewhat  darkened.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  vague  blackish  spot, 
or  two  with  vague  dashes  extending  basad.  Spot  in  cell  at  two-fifths  from 
base  and  one  before  this  near  inner  margin,  both  sometimes  faint.  Fringes 
brownish  gray  with  pale  bases.  At  the  apex  of  each  lobe,  within  the  deft  and 
along  the  inner  margin  they  contain  black  scales,  chiefly  collected  into  tufts  at 
regular  intervals,  five  of  these  are  usually  evident  on  the  inner  margin.  Sec- 
ondaries gray  brown,  fringes  slightly  paler,  without  dark  scales  but  with  a 
few  dark  hairs  at  apices  of  first  and  second  lobes.     Expanse   13.5-16.5  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  are  very  different  from  any  other  known  to 
us,  but  we  are  able  to  trace  a  few  slight  points  of  relationship  with 
those  of  ccn-inicolor. 

Distribution:  China.  India,  E.  Indies,  Africa,  etc.  In  North 
America  it  ranges  from  N.  J.  to  Fla.  and  west  into  Mo.  and  Tex. 
according  to  specimens  which  we  have  seen.  The  type  locality  is 
Dallas,  Tex.    Fla.  May  and  Oct.,  N.  J.  in  Sept.,  S.  C.  in  June. 

For  some  time  we  had  a  series  of  this  species  labelled  as  a  new 
species  of  Marasmarcha,  and  had  just  begun  to  suspect  that  it  was 
Zeller's  species  when  a  note  from  Mr.  Meyrick  reached  us  announcing 
that  pumilio  and  his  Marasmarcha  liophancs  were  the  same  species. 
Later  on  we  received  the  unique  type  &  from  the  Cambridge  Museum, 
thus  establishing  its  identity  beyond  doubt. 

Meyrick  writes  of  the  species  that  "it  is  doubtless  artificially 
introduced  into  N.  America,  being  of  alien  character,  the  larva  prob- 
ably feeding  in  the  pods  of  a  cultivated  Leguminous  plant,  like  its 
allies." 

One  of  Miss  Murtfeldt's  types  of  O.  ambrosiac  proved  to  be  this 
species.  It  bears  the  same  breeding  label  as  the  others,  and  we  should 
therefore  assume  that  it  was  reared  from  Ambrosia  artcmisiac folia. 
This  is  not  at  all  compatible  with  Meyrick's  information  regarding  the 
allied  species,  but  of  course  neither  possibility  is  proven  fact. 

Genus  Stenoptilia  Huebner 

Logotype  Alucita  ptcrodactyla  Linn. 

Stenoptilia  Huebner,  Verz.  bek.  Schmett.  430,   1826. 
Meyrick,  Trans.   Ent.   Soc.  Lond.  487,  1890. 
Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891   (in  part). 
Mevrick,  Handbook  440,  1895. 


350 

Hofmann,  Deutsch,  Pter.  48,  92,  1895. 

Fernald,  Pter,  N.  A.  57,  1898  (in  part). 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902  (in  part). 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905.     Fixes  type. 

Meyrick,  Gen.   Ins.  C,  18,  1910  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  28,  1913   (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Clieck  List  151,  1917  (in  part). 
Mimacseoptilus  Wallengren,  Skand.  Fjad.  17,  1859. 

Jordan,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  VI,  123,   1869. 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  84,  1896. 
tMimescoptilus  Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIII,  iiZ,  ii7,  1867. 

Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  32,   1880. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  11,  1886. 
Adkinia  Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  37,  1905.    Orthotype  hipunctidactyla  Haw. 

Front  (in  most  of  our  species)  with  a  rounded  or  conical  prominence,  not 
conspicuously  large,  or  a  scale  tuft.  Ocelli  present.  Palpi  various.  Primaries 
cleft  one  third  or  a  little  less ;  Cu,  beyond  middle  of  cell,  3  near  angle,  R„ 
and  R^  stalked.  Secondaries  trifid,  Cu„  before  middle  of  cell,  Cu^  near  angle; 
fringes  never  contain  black  scales.     (See  pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  9). 

While  StcnoptiUa  is  structurally  very  close  to  Platyptilia,  as 
pointed  out  ijy  Meyrick,  it  is  not  difficult  to  place  our  species  prop- 
erly. From  the  greater  part  of  Platyptilia  they  differ  in  the  complete 
lack  of  dark  scales  or  tufts  in  the  fringes  of  the  secondaries,  and  from 
the  remaining  species  in  the  very  retreating  anal  angles  of  both  lobes 
of  the  primaries.  The  first  lobe  has  this  angle  scarcely  indicated  in 
five  of  the  seven  North  American  species. 

Key  to  the  Species 

1.  First  lobe  of  primaries  with  a   heavy  black  dash  or  conspicuous  dark 

shade   exdamationis 

With  a  slender  pale  dash  pallistriga 

Without  conspicuous  marks   2 

2.  Primaries  tinged  with  yellow  rliynchosiac 

Tawny,  gray  or  brown   3 

3.  Expanse   under    17   mm.     Abdomen    with    single   dorsal    dots   or  none. 

Somewhat  tawny   parvus 

Expanse  over  17  mm.     Dull  gray  or  with  paired  dorsal  dots,  sometimes 
small  and  difficult  to  observe  4 

4.  Dull  gray.    Abdomen  with  or  without  a  single  dorsal  dot mcngcli 

Generally  grayish  brown.     Dorsal  dots  in  pairs zophodactyla 

Brown,   inner   margin    of   primaries   brightest.     Dorsal   dots   paired   but 
faint     pterodactyla 


351 

1.  Stenoptilia  RHYNCHOSiAE  Dyar.     PI.  XLII,  fig.  9.     PI.  XLIX, 
fig.  14. 

Pterophorus  rhynchosiac  Dyar,  Psyche  VIII,  249,   1898   (biol.). 
Fernald,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446.  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 
Id  ,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  22,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII,  135,  1917. 

Pale  yellow.  Antennae  with  a  broad  stripe  above.  Palpi  rather  long, 
slender,  a  brown  stripe  on  either  side;  second  joint  oblique,  third  porrect. 
Abdomen  with  a  number  of  fine  brown  longitudinal  lines.  Legs  whitish  with 
brown  stripes  and  shades ;  spurs  long. 

Primaries  yellowish  tinged  with  gray-brown  especially  toward  costa.  Cleft 
preceded  by  a  heavy  brown  transverse  blotch  or  by  two  spots,  of  which  the 
inner  may  be  absent.  Cell  with  a  small  brown  spot  just  before  middle  of  wing. 
Tips  of  veins  in  both  lobes  with  brown  dashes  extending  through  fringes. 
Fringes  of  gray-brown  and  yellowish  hairs,  the  bases  pale.  Secondaries  dark 
brownish  gray  with  yellowish  bases.     Expanse  about  18  mm. 

Distribution  :     Florida ;  June,  July. 

The  type  in  tlie  National  Museum  is  without  locality  label.  It 
is  accompanied  by  a  specimen  taken  at  Miami.  In  addition  to  these 
we  have  seen  only  the  two  specimens  from  Stemper  in  coll.  Barnes. 

The  genitalia  are  very  remarkable  and  lead  us  to  question  this 
placing  of  the  species,  but  the  neuration  is  distinctly  that  of  Stenoptilia. 
The  anal  angle  of  the  first  lobe  of  the  primaries  is  scarcely  indicated 
and  that  of  the  second  slight,  but  both  can  be  discerned. 

The  type  was  reared,  and  Dyar's  original  description  includes  the 
following  notes  on  the  larva : 

"Larva.  Downy,  pale  green,  with  short  white  hairs.  Pale  green,  the 
body  tapering  a  little  posteriorly;  no  marks  except  a  very  faint,  whitish  sub- 
dorsal line  along  warts  i  and  ii ;  warts  small,  i  and  ii  separate,  but  somewhat 
approximate;  a  small  wart  (iiia)  below  and  behind  iii ;  iv  +  v  distinct  with 
a  small  wart  (iii  b)  behind;  skin  densely  covered  with  veiy  short,  white,  club- 
tipped  secondary  hairs.     Feet  short. 

"On  the  young  leaves  of  a  trailing  plant  (Rhynchosia)  at  Miami,  Fia., 
December." 

2.  Stenoptilia  farva  Walsingham.     PI.  XLII,  fig.  12.     PI.  XLIX, 

fig.  10. 

Lioptilus  ?  parvus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  55,  pi.  Ill,  f.  12,  1880. 
Alucila  ?  parva  Feniald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 


352 

Pterophorus  parvus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  48,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  26,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnoiigh,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

Pale  tawny  or  brownish  white.  Front  with  a  slight  prominence.  Antennae 
with  a  brown  line  above.  Palpi  moderate,  whitish  above;  second  joint  rather 
tliick,  obHqiie,  third  slender,  porrect.  Abdomen  often  with  dorsal  and  lateral 
dots  in  hind  margin  of  segments,  the  former  single  and  often  connected  by  a 
faint  hne.     Legs  shaded  with  brown  inside,  spurs  rather  short. 

Primaries  concolorous  with  body,  with  scattered  white  and  brown  scales. 
The  brown  scales  often  form  a  streak  in  the  first  lobe  and  lines  along  the 
veins  in  the  second.  There  are  two  brown  dots  before  the  cleft,  one  scarcely 
inside  of  it,  the  other  well  toward  costa.  The  latter  is  larger,  rather  diffuse, 
often  connected  with  the  nearest  brown  costal  spot.  From  each  a  line  of  brown 
scales  runs  toward  base  of  wing,  the  inner  usually  finer,  sharper  and  longer. 
Cell  sometimes  with  a  brown  dot.  Costa  of  first  lobe  with  two  vague  brown 
spots  and  whitish  fringes.  Fringes  otherwise  gray-brown  with  dark  tufts  at 
and  before  apex  of  first  lobe  and  three  on  outer  margin  of  second.  Anal  angle 
of  first  lobe  indicated,  of  second  fairly  well  developed.  Secondaries  and  fringes 
similar  to  ground  color  of  primaries;  slightly  darker.     Expanse  13-18  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  are  very  simple,  much  as  in  AciptUia  7valslng- 
Iiami,  but  the  insect  is  otherwise  a  Stenoptilia  in  structure. 

Distribution:  S.  Cal.  May,  June,  Oct.  Ariz.,  Apr.,  June.  N.  M., 
July,  Aug.  (U.  S.  N.  M.).  Miss.,  Sept.  (Benjamin).  Fla.,  May. 
The  species  was  described  from  a  specimen  taken  near  Mt.  Shasta  in 
July.  Apparently  the  complete  range  is  that  which  seems  to  be  common 
in  the  family,  viz.,  the  West  coast  south  through  Arizona  and  east 
through  the  Gulf  States  into  Florida. 

The  species  may  be  easily  recognized  from  Lord  W'alsingham's 
description  and  figure,  but  for  greater  certainty  we  have  had  a  speci- 
men compared  with  the  unique  female  type,  now  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum. 

The  life  history  has  never  been  worked  out. 

3.     Stenoptilia  pterodactvla  Linn.  PI.  XLII,  fig.  13.    PI.  L,  fig.  9. 
Alucila  ptcrodactyla  Linnaeus,  Faun.   Suec.  371,  no.  1456,  1761. 
Ptcrophorus  fuscus  Retzius,  Cor.  de  Geer  Gen.  ct  Spec.  Ins.  35.  1783  {fide  Mey- 
rick). 
Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  937,  1864. 
AIncita  juscodactyla  Haworth,  Lep.  Brit.  476,  1811. 
Alucita  ptUndactyla  Huebner,   Samml.  Eur.  Schmett.   f.  16,   1823. 
Miniaescoptihis  paludicola  Wallengren,  Skand.  Fjad.  18,  1859. 


353 

iPterol'lwrus  pterodaclylus  Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  938,  1864. 
Stenoftilia  I'Icrodaclyla  Fcrnald,  Smith's  List  Lcp.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  58,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  19,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  30,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
tStcnoptilia  fusca  Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  97,  106,  1895,  (biol). 
Mimacseoptilus  ptcrodactyla  Tutt,  Pter.   Brit.    100,   1896,   (biol.). 

Head  and  anterior  half  of  thorax  dull  brown.  A  white  line  over  the  eye 
extends  along  sides  of  short  frontal  tuft.  Antennae  white  with  a  brown  line 
above.  Palpi  white  above;  second  joint  with  thick  scaly  vestiture,  obliquely 
truncate  in  front,  scarcely  equalled  by  the  small  third  joint.  Legs  white  on 
one  side,  brown  on  the  other;  spurs  moderate.  Posterior  half  of  thorax  bright 
ochreous  brown  with  whitish  dorso-Iateral  stripes.  Abdomen  slightly  darker 
with  lateral  and  paired  dorsal  dark  spots,  the  lateral  scarcely  distinguishable, 
and  some  white  scales  in  posterior  margins  of  segments. 

Primaries  with  costal  portion  dark,  inner  light,  concolorous  with  adjacent 
parts  of  thorax.  Costa  vaguely  checkered  with  white  scales.  First  lobe  with 
a  vague  streak  of  mixed  white  and  black  scales.  Cleft  preceded  by  two  dark 
dots  connected  by  lines  of  scattered  blackish  scales  with  a  dot  near  middle  of 
cell.  A  similar  line  reaches  from  below  this  to  the  base.  Fringes  dull  gray- 
brown  with  paler  bases  and  a  few  vague  dark  tufts.  Secondaries  dark  brown 
with  concolorous    fringes.     Expanse  about  25  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  are  similar  to  the  form  which  predominates  in 
Platyptilia  but  have  a  much  different  uncus. 

Distribution:  Europe.  The  only  North  American  specimens 
which  we  have  seen  are  those  in  the  Fernald  collection  from  West 
Farms,  N.  Y.  (Angus). 

Tutt  quotes  a  description  of  the  larva  and  pupa  from  Porritt. 
Entomologist  X\',  44-5.  Since  we  are  not  familiar  with  the  original 
we  repeat  this  quotation  in  part. 

"Length  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch,  and  scarcely  so  stout  as  seems  usual 
in  the  genus.  Head  small,  and  narrower  than  the  second  segment ;  it  is  polished, 
rather  flat  in  front,  but  rounded  on  the  sides.  Body  cylindrical,  of  fairly  uni- 
form width,  but  tapering  a  little  at  the  extremities,  segmental  divisions  well 
defined ;  the  skin,  with  a  soft  and  half-transparent  appearance,  is  sparingly 
clothed  with  short  hairs.  There  are  two  varieties,  which  are  perhaps  about 
equally  numerous.  In  one  of  them  the  ground  color  is  a  bright  grass-green; 
in  the  other,  it  is  equally  bright  yellow-green ;  in  both  forms  the  head  is  pale 
yellowish-brown,  very  prettily  reticulated  with  intense  black.  The  dark  green, 
or  in  some  of  the  yellow  specimens  dark  brown,  alimentary  canal  forms  the 
dorsal  stripe;  sub-dorsal  lines  rather  indistinct,  greyish  white;  below  there  is 
a  still  more  indistinct  waved  line  of  the  same  colour;  there  is,  again,  a  similarly 


354 

coloured  faint  line  along  the  spiracular  region;  and  the  segmental  divisions  also 
are  of  this  pale  colour.  In  some  specimens  the  hairs  are  grey ;  in  others  brown. 
Ventral  surface  uniformly  of  the  same  colour  as  the  ground  of  the  dorsal  area; 
the  legs  reticulated,  and  the  pro-legs  tipped  with  black." 

The  larva  is  said  to  feed  on  Speedwell  {Veronica  chamacdrys). 
Among  the  numerous  species  of  Veronica  found  in  this  country  is  in- 
this  country  is  included  this  European  species,  which  is  now  found  in 
the  northeast  U.  S.  and  southeastern  Canada  according  to  Gray's 
"Manual".    The  pupa  is  described  as  follows: 

"The  pupa  is  attached  by  the  tail  only,  is  rather  long,  but  slender.  The 
head,  which  is  the  thickest  part,  is  abruptly  rounded,  and  has  the  snout  very 
prominent ;  thora.x  and  abdomen  rounded  above,  rather  flattened  beneath,  and 
attenuated  strongly  to  the  anal  point ;  eye,  leg,  and  wing-cases  fairly  prominent, 
the  last  prolonged  a  considerable  distance  over  the  abdominal  segments.  As 
in  the  larva,  there  are  two  varieties ;  in  one  form,  the  ground  is  bright  green, 
and  there  is  little  of  any  other  colour,  the  pale  gray  abdominal  divisions,  and 
two  indistinct  pale  lines  on  the  dorsal  area,  with  several  faint  purplish  spots 
behind  the  thorax  and  on  the  anal  segment,  being  all  that  are  noticeable.  The 
other  form  has  the  ground  a  dingier  green,  and  there  is  a  distinct  purple  dorsal 
stripe,  edged  on  each  side  with  greyish;  the  abdominal  divisions  and  the  tip 
of  the  prolonged  wing-cases  also  purple.  The  pupa  is  capable  of  considerable 
movement,  and,  on  being  disturbed,  turns  up  sharply  the  thorax  and  higher 
abdominal  segments,  so  as  to  bring  them  quite  at  right  angles  with  the  several 
posterior  segments." 

Tutt  records  the  imago  in  England  in  July,  rarely  in  June  and 
August. 

4.     Stenoptilia  zophodactvla  Duponchel.     PI.  XLII,  fig.   16.     PI. 
XLIX,  fig.  15. 

Pterophorus  zophodactylus  Duponchel,  Lep.  France  XI,  668,  pi.  CCCXIV,  f.  4, 
1838. 

Porritt,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XX,  228,  1884  (biol.). 
Ptcrophonis  loewii  Zeller,  Isis,  p.  38,  1847  {fide  Hofmann). 

Id.,  Linn.  Ent.  VI,  364,   1852. 
Pterophorus  canalis  Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  944,  1864. 
Mimcseoptilus  scmicostatus  Zeller,  Verb.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wicn.  XXIII,  32i,  1873. 
XStenoplilia  semicostata  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,   1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  50,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,   19,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  30,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 


355 

XStenoptilia  sophodactyla  Meyrick,  Handbook  440,  1895. 
Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  105,  1895  (biol). 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  19,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  29,  1913. 
Mimaeseoptilus  zophodactylus  Tutt,  Pter.  Brit,  93,  1896  (biol.). 

Head  and  body  gray  brown.  Antennae  darker  above.  Palpi  slightly  paler 
above,  with  a  terminal  tuft  on  second  joint,  below,  which  equals  third  joint. 
Fore  and  middle  legs  white  outside,  brown  within,  hind  pair  more  neutral  in 
color.  Terminal  half  of  abdomen  with  small  dorsal  dots  in  pairs  in  the  pos- 
terior margins  of  the  segments. 

Primaries  dull  tawny  or  grayish  brown,  slightly  ochreous  brown  on  inner 
margin,  with  scattered  dark  brown  and  white  scales.  These  slightly  checker 
the  costa  and  form  a  dash  in  the  first  lobe  and  lines  along  the  veins  of  the  second. 
Discal  markings  as  in  ptcrodactyla,  viz.,  two  variable  spots  before  cleft  con- 
nected by  lines  of  brown  scales  with  a  sharper  spot  at  middle  of  cell,  and  a 
line  from  below  this  spot  to  base.  Fringes  gray-brown  with  white  hairs,  espe- 
cially in  the  cleft.  Outer  margin  of  first  lobe  with  two  or  three  tufts  of  blackish 
basal  scales,  sometimes  connected.  Second  lobe  with  such  a  tuft  at  apex, 
sometimes  preceded  by  others  along  outer  margin.  Secondaries  gray-brown; 
fringes  concolorous  with  pale  bases.    Expanse  18-21  mm. 

Distribution :  Almost  cosmopolitan.  We  have  a  good  series  from 
San  Diego,  Cal.,  late  June  to  late  Aug.  and  a  single  specimen  from 
St.  Petersburg,  Fla.,  March.  Zophodactyla  was  described  from  the 
Pyrenees  Mts.,  loc"ini  from  Italy,  canalis  from  Australia  and  semi- 
costata  from  Texas. 

We  treated  this  species  originally  as  si'micostata.  and  we  owe 
the  discovery  of  its  synonymy  with  zophodactyla  entirely  to  Mr.  Mey- 
rick, whose  decision  was  based  on  a  specimen  from  our  series.  We 
follow  Meyrick's  synonymy. 

The  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  contains  two  types  of 
semicostata,  $  and  9,  both  from  Dallas,  Tex.  (Boll),  and  both  in 
good  condition.    These  are  before  us  as  we  write. 

The  paired  dorsal  dots,  dull  color,  and  inconspicuous  markings 
are  distinctive.  The  anal  angles  are  slight  on  both  lobes  of  the  pri- 
maries, a  condition  which  separates  the  species  from  pallistriga.  In 
this  species  the  first  lobe  has  a  rather  prominent  anal  angle,  while  the 
color  and  general  appearance  scarcely  dififer. 

The  only  biological  notes  available  to  us  are  Porritt's,  which  we 
quote : 

"  *  *  *  The  larva  is  slightly  less  than  half  an  inch  in  length,  and  of  pro- 
portionate bulk;  head  much  smaller  than  the  second  segment,  the  lobes  rounded 


356 

and  polished;  body  cylindrical  and  uniform,  tapering  a  little  posteriorly;  seg- 
mental divisions  fairly  defined,  and  a  tuft  of  several  short  hairs  springs  from 
each  of  the  indistinct  tubercles.  In  colour  there  are  two  extreme  varieties,  and 
the  larva  varies  between  these  forms.  Var.  1  has  the  ground  colour  a  delicate 
pale  green  strongly  tinged  indeed  with  yellow  ;  head  pale  yellowish-green,  the 
mandibles  and  ocelli  brown ;  medio-dorsal  stripe  dark  green  or  purple  in  different 
specimens ;  sub-dorsal  stripes  yellow,  and  there  are  two  other  fine  but  very  faint 
yellow  lines,  one  above  and  the  other  below  the  spiracles:  segmental  divisions 
also  yellow ;  spiracles  black,  very  narrowly  encircled  with  white.  Ventral  sur- 
face, legs  and  prolegs  uniformly  pale  yellowish-green. 

"Var.  2  has  the  ground-colour  brownish-yellow ;  head  also  brownish-yel- 
low, freckled  with  brown ;  medio  dorsal  stripe  broad  bright  purple ;  sub-dorsal 
stripes  also  broad,  but  of  a  much  less  distinct  dull  pale  purple,  and  having  a 
fine  white  line  running  through  them;  a  narrow  purple  line,  edged  above  with 
white,  extends  along  the  spiracular  region.  Ventral  surface,  legs  and  prolegs 
uniformly  pale  yellowish-brown.     Feeds  on  the  flowers  of  Erythraea  centaurea. 

"The  pupa  is  slender,  and  nearly  (if  not  quite)  as  long  as  the  full-grown 
larva;  it  is  of  almost  uniform  width,  the  last  two  segments  only  tapering  to  the 
anal  point.  It  is  glossy  and  cylindrical,  but  there  is  a  depression  on  the  thorax 
and  front  abdominal  segments;  the  snout  and  top  of  the  thorax  are  promin- 
ently and  sharply  defined ;  the  leg-cases  extend  a  long  distance  down  the  front 
of  the  abdomen,  but  before  the  end,  become  detached  from  it.  The  ground- 
colour is  yellow,  but  is  almost  hid  with  a  deep  pink,  which  is  sufTused  all  over 
the  surface,  and  almost  forms  a  stripe  from  the  head  through  the  abdominal 
segments ;  wing-  and  leg-cases  dingy  olive,  tinged  with  pink." 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  one  of  our  specimens  bears  the  label 
"on  Erythraea  venusta." 

5.     Stenoptilia  pallistriga  Barnes  &  McDimiiough.     PI.  XLII,  fig. 

15.     PI.  L,  fig.  16. 
SliHol^lilia  pallistriga  Barnes  &   McDunnough.  Cont.   Nat.  Hist.  Lep.   N.  A.   II 
(4),   186,  pi.   IV,  f.  11,  1913. 
Id.,  Check  List  151.  1917. 
Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII,  137,  1917. 

Gray  brown.  Antennae  dotted  above.  Eye  surmounted  by  a  white  line. 
Palpi  moderate,  whitish  above.  Abdomen  with  paired  dorsal  dots  in  the  distal 
half.    Legs  white  on  one  side,  the  hind  pair  brownish,  dark  brown  on  the  other. 

Primaries  dull  brownish  or  grayish  brown,  ochreous  toward  base  and 
inner  margin,  marked  as  in  the  preceding  species  but  with  a  pale  longitudinal 
dash  in  the  first  lobe.  Fringes  gray  brown  with  paler  bases  and  a  mixture  of 
whiti.sh  hairs  which  predominate  in  the  type  on  the  outer  margin  of  the  first 
lobe.  Fringes  of  outer  margin  with  three  tufts  of  black  scales  on  first  lobe 
and  two  on  second  in  type,  damaged  in  other  specimen.  Secondaries  brownish 
with  coucolorous  fringes,  their  bases  pale  as  in  scmicoslata.  The  anal  angle 
of  the  first  lobe  of  the  primaries  is  more  evident  than  in  scmicostiitii,  and  the 
outer  margin  therefore  more  concave.     Expanse  16.5-18  mm. 


357 

The  unique  male  type  from  Ft.  Myers,  Fla.,  May,  is  in  the  Barnes 
collection,  where  it  is  now  accompanied  by  a  female  from  St.  Peters- 
burg, Fla.,  Sept.  The  pale  dash  is  well  marked  in  both.  Neither 
specimen  is  reared. 

6.     Stenoptilia  mengeh  Fernald.     PI.  XI^II,  fig.   10.     PI.   XLIX, 

fig.  16. 
Stenoptilia  mengdi  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  60,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  151,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.   Ins.  C,  19,   1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  28,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDiinnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

"Expanse  of  wings,  20  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thora.x,  abdomen  and  legs  dark 
ashy  gray.    A  fine  white  line  occurs  over  each  eye. 

"Fore  wings  ashy  gray  and  glistening;  a  few  dark  fuscous  scales  on  the 
first  lobe  form  an  ill-defined  longitudinal  stripe  on  the  middle;  a  fuscous  spot 
at  the  end  of  the  cleft  and  a  less  distinct  one  on  the  middle  of  the  celb  Hind 
wings  ashy  gray.    Allied  to  S.  exclamationis  and  S.  semicosttUa. 

"Early  stages  and  food  plant  unknown. 

"Described  from  ten  specimens,  in  poor  condition,  in  the  collection  of 
the  American  Entomological  Society,  taken  by  Mr.  L.  W.  Mengel  at  Mc- 
Comiack's  Bay,  North  Greenland.  *  *  *  ". 

This  is  all  that  Fernald  wrote  about  the  species,  and  we  are  able 
to  add  only  a  few  notes  taken  from  the  three  specimens  in  the  Fer- 
nald collection.  Two  of  these  are  "types,"  both  males.  The  third, 
also  a  male,  is  in  the  Barnes  collection  through  the  kindness  of  Proi. 
H.  T.  Fernald.  In  all  of  these  we  are  able  to  discern  a  dark  dorsal 
dot  in  the  hind  margin  of  the  first  abdominal  segment.  This  is  scarcely 
evident  against  the  dark  ground  color,  but  we  have  qualified  our  key 
to  embrace  it.  A  single  male  from  Colo.  (Bruce)  in  the  National 
Museum  is  slightly  paler  than  the  types,  but  in  our  opinion  referable 
to  this  species  without  doubt.  The  primaries  show  a  slight  sprinkling 
of  whitish  scales,  and  the  abdomen  has  a  trace  of  the  one  spot.  It 
would  seem  from  this  that  the  species  is  arctic  and  alpine,  rather  than 
limited  to  Greenland,  and  it  may  prove  to  be  the  same  as  one  of  the 
species  described  from  Arctic  Europe.  The  male  genitalia  are  much 
like  those  of  pterodactyla  with  a  few  differences  in  the  valves. 

7.     Stenoptilia  exclam.vtigxis  Walsingham.     PI.  XLII,  fig.  11,  14. 

PI.  XLIX,  fig.  11. 
Mimi'scoptHus  cxciawationis  Walsingham.  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  32.  pi.  11,  f.  10,  1880. 


358 

Steitoj>ti!ia  exclamationis  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  59,  pi.  Ill,  ff.  1,  2;  pi.  VIII,  ff.  3,  4,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  19,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  30,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Stenoptilia  coloradensis  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  61,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902. 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  50,  1904. 

Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII,  924,  1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  43,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  19,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  30,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Gray  brown.  White  line  over  eye.  Antennae  darker  above  than  below. 
Palpi  as  in  the  preceding  species,  moderate,  whitish  above ;  third  joint  small 
and  not  e.xceeding  vestiture  of  second.  Abdomen  dark,  with  mixed  blackish, 
ochreous  and  white  scales.  Paired  dots  in  posterior  margins  of  segments  above 
and  two  parallel  white  lines  below.  Legs  whitish  on  one  side  as  in  the  related 
species. 

Primaries  dark  brownish  gray  on  costa,  blending  into  ochreous  or  pale 
gray  on  inner  margin,  and  heavily  irrorate  with  white  in  most  specimens  and 
with  scattered  black  scales  in  the  darker  forms.  The  white  scales  vaguely 
checker  the  costa  and  are  heavy,  as  a  nile,  on  the  terminal  area  of  both  lobes. 
Cleft  preceded  by  two  blackish  dots,  usually  fused.  The  first  is  usually  merged 
into  a  costal  shade  which  is  sometimes  extensive  enough  to  form  a  rather  vague 
discal  triangle  such  as  occurs  in  Platyl^tilia.  First  lobe  with  a  heavy  oblique 
blackish  shade,  margined  outwardly  with  white  and  preceded  on  costa  by  a 
white  dash.  That  part  of  the  shade  nearest  the  cleft  is  a  darker,  almost  longi- 
tudinal, fusiform  dash  which  is  sometimes  isolated  by  the  surrounding  white 
irroration.  The  white  outer  margin  of  this  patch  is  continued  on  the  second 
lobe.  There  is  usually  a  blackish  dot  near  middle  of  cell.  Fringes  white  in 
cleft,  with  grayish  clusters  before  outer  margin,  elsewhere  gray,  white  below 
apices  of  both  lobes.  On  outer  margin  they  contain  a  basal  row  of  blackish 
scales.    Secondaries  brownish  gray  with  concolorous  fringes.    Expanse  18-24  mm. 

Distribution :  Colo.,  July  and  Aug.  N.  Cal.,  June.  B.  C.  east 
into  Ont.,  July,  Aug. 

The  type  series  of  exclamationis  was  taken  in  the  Siskiyou  Mts. 
"on  the  borders  of  California  and  Oregon",  in  June,  and  included 
seven  specimens.  The  Fernald  collection  contains  one  male  paratype 
from  this  series,  which  we  have  examined.  It  is  the  most  smoothly 
gray  specimen  which  we  have  seen,  and  it  is  scarcely  to  be  thought 
strange  that,  with  limited  material,  Fernald  described  the  same  species 
as  coloradensis.    The  type  series  of  the  latter  includes  a  male  type  and 


359 

two  "cotypes"  which  lack  abdomens,  all  in  the  Fernald  collection. 
These  are  quite  different  in  appearance  from  the  paratype  of  exclama- 
tionis,  but  all  come  well  w^ithin  the  range  of  variation  of  our  series, 
and  in  it  there  are  specimens  which  approach  Walsingham's  paratype 
rather  closely.  An  even  more  remarkable  variation  from  the  normal 
is  found  in  a  specimen  in  our  series  from  Aweme,  Man.  (Criddle) 
which  is  small  and  dark,  with  the  discal  triangle  conspicuous  and  a 
very  evident  powdering  of  black  scales  on  the  primaries.  Dr.  McDun- 
nough  sent  us  for  identification  a  second  S  from  Aweme  and  two 
females  from  Trenton  and  Ottawa,  Ont.,  all  of  this  dark,  small  form 
and  even  more  extreme  than  our  specimen.  The  transition  shown  in 
our  series  is  so  gradual  that  we  think  it  useless  to  recognize  any  of 
these  forms  by  names. 

The  specimens  listed  by  Grinnell  (Can.  Ent.  XL,  321,  1908)  as 
coloradcnsis  proved  to  be  a  series  of  Platyptilia  fragilis  with  a  specimen 
or  two  of  albidorsclla.  We  do  not  know  that  cxclamationis  reaches 
southern  California. 

The  early  stages  have  apparently  not  been  studied. 

Genus  Aciptilia  Huebner 

Logotype  Aliicita  pcntadactyla  Linn. 

fAlucila   VValsingham  &  Diirrant   (not  Linn.)    Ent.  Mo.  Mag,  XXIII,  41,   1807, 
Pseudotype  pcntadactyla. 

Fernald,  Pter.-  N.  A.  36,  1898  (in  part). 

Id.,  Bull.  52.  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902   (in  part). 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  34,  1905. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.   1907,  488,   1908, 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  12,  1908  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat,  pars  17,  16,  1913   (in  part), 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  439,  1915. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917  (in  part). 
-\Plcrophiirus  Lamarck  (not  Geoffrey),  Syst.  An.  Sans.  Vert,  288,  1801,      Pciit- 
adaclyhts  cited  as  example. 

Curtis,  Brit.  Ent.,  Lep.  I,  161,  1827,     Pseudotype  pcntadactyla. 

Westvvood,  Gen,  Syn.  115,  1840.     Follows  Curtis. 

Meyrick,  Trans,  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  489,  1890, 

Id.,  Handbook  435,  1895. 
XPtcrophora  Huebner,  Tentamen,   1806. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  .35,  1905. 


360 

Aciftilia  Huebner,  Verz.  bek.  Schmett.  430,  1826. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  9,  1886. 

Tutt,   Pter.  Brit.   137,   1891    (in  part). 

Hofmann,  Dcutsch.  Pter.  50,  182,  1895. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905.     Fixes  type. 
XAciptilus  Zeller,  Isis  X,  768,  1841. 

Wallengren,  Skand.  Fjar.  23,  1859 

Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIII,  338,  1867. 

Jordan,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  VI,  150,  1869. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905. 
Merrifieldia  Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  37,  1905.    Orthotype  Iridactyta  Linn. 
Porritia  Tutt,  op.  cit.  37,  1905.     Orthotype  galactodactyla  D.  &  S. 
VVheekria  Tutt,  op.  cit.  37,  1905.     Orthotype  spilodactyla  Curtis. 

Front  rounded,  without  tuft.  Ocelli  obsolete.  Labial  palpi  moderate, 
slender.  Forewings  bifid,  cleft  from  near  middle,  lobes  slender;  vein  Cu„  in 
our  species  from  near  angle  of  cell,  obsolete  toward  inner  margin;  Cu^  absent, 
M  to  end  of  second  lobe.  R,,  to  apex  of  first  lobe,  remaining  branches  absent. 
S.  C.  to  middle  of  costa.  Secondaries  trifid;  third  lobe  without  black  scales 
in  fringes;  Cu,,  from  middle  of  cell,  Cu,  absent.     (See  pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  6.) 

The  synonymy  of  this  genus  involves  one  of  the  most  peculiar 
nomenclalorial  tangles  which  has  come  to  our  attention.  In  using 
Pterophora  in  the  "Tentamen"  with  pentadactyla  as  the  sole  species, 
Huebner  actually  made  a  new  genus,  which  would  stand  in  this  family 
together  with  PteropJiorus  Geoff.,  according  to  a  literal  interpretation 
of  the  International  Rules.  This  is  so  highly  absurd  that  we  prefer 
to  depart  from  the  rules  and  regard  Pterophora  as  an  emendation. 
It  was  probably  so  intended,  though  there  is  nothing  in  the  "Tenta- 
men" to  indicate  this. 

The  remaining  genera  involve  only  the  establishment  of  the  first 
type  fixation,  with  the  exception  of  Tutt's.  We  follow  Meyrick  in 
assigning  these  three  here. 

Of  the  four  species  usually  referred  to  this  genus  in  our  fauna 
two  belong  in  Adaina  and  one  in  Pselnophorus,  leaving  only  zvalsiiig- 
hami.  This  species  is  conspicuously  distinct  from  all  of  our  others. 
The  long  and  very  slender  lobes  of  the  primaries  alone  suffice  to  dis- 
tinguish it,  except  from  Trichoptilus. 

1.     AciPTii.iA  WALSiNGHAMi  Fernald.     PI.  XLI,  fig.  18.     PI.  XLIX, 
fig.  17. 

Alucita  walsingliaini  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  36,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902. 


361 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  13,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  17,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Whitish,  sometimes  stained  ochreous.  Antennae  grayish  above,  darker 
below.  Palpi  concolorous,  small,  slender,  upturned,  reaching  middle  of  front. 
Abdomen  with  a  faint  dorsal  stripe.  Legs  whitish,  shaded  slightly  with  gray. 
Primaries  grayish,  the  vestiture  of  mixed  white  and  light  brownish  gray 
scales,  lobes  mostly  white.  The  lobes  are  very  long  and  slender,  and  the  first 
has  a  tendency  to  turn  forward  in  many  specimens.  Fringes  brownish  gray 
on  costa  of  first  lobe  with  two  white  patches,  at  base  of  cleft  and  on  costa 
of  second  lobe  each  with  one,  and  on  inner  margin  with  two,  and  whitish 
toward  basal  limit.  Secondaries  brownish  gray  with  concolorous  cilia  and 
very  slender  lobes. 

Distribution:  Described  from  four  males  from  Colo.  In  coll. 
Barnes  from  Chimney  Gulch,  Colo.,  one  specimen,  and  Stockton,  Utah, 
(Spalding),  a  good  series  taken  mostly  in  June  but  including  one 
specimen  dated  May  31. 

Of  the  four  specimens  in  the  type  series  one  is  now  in  the  Na- 
tional Museum  and  three  in  the  Fernald  collection.  Two  of  the  latter 
are  labelled  "type"  and  the  others  "cotype". 

The  early  stages  have  apparently  not  been  studied. 

In  superficial  appearance  ivalsinghami  is  closest  to  spUodactylci 
Curtis  but  the  alternate  light  and  dark  patches  in  the  fringes  of  the 
primaries  are  in  the  opposite  order  and  the  insect  is  more  definitely 
grayish.  It  is  the  only  true  Aciptilia  in  our  fauna,  and  differs  from 
all  other  species  except  in  Trichoptilus  in  the  slender  lobes  of  the  pri- 
maries, and  from  the  species  of  that  genus  in  the  grayish  color  and 
absence  of  black  scales  from  the  fringes  of  the  secondaries. 

Genus  Pselnophorus  Wallengren 
Haplotype  Alucita  brachydactyla  Treitschke 

Pselnophorus  Wallengren,  Ent.  Tidsk.  XI,  96,  1881.    Brachydactyla  sole  species. 

Meyrick,  Handbook  437,   1895. 

Hofmann,   Deutsch  Pter.  50,  178,  1895. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1907,  491,  1908. 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,   14,  1908. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  20,  1913. 
Gypsocharcs  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  488,  1890,  Haplotype  baptodactyla 
Zell. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  36,  1905. 


362 

Crcisimctis  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  489,  1890.  Logotype  brachydactyla. 
Tiitt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  36,  1905.    Fixes  type. 

Much  like  the  following  genus.  Ocelli  obsolete ;  palpi  moderate,  slender, 
obHque  in  our  species.  Primaries  cleft  from  three-fifths  (from  middle  accord- 
ing to  Meyrick,  but  not  in  our  species)  ;  M^  and  Cu^  stalked,  connate  with  Cu,_, ; 
R  and  R,^  stalked  (very  variable  in  bclfragci),  connate  or  stalked  with  R.^;  R3 
absent;  R,  free  in  our  species.  Secondaries  trifid,  without  dark  scales  in  fringes 
of  third  feather;  Cu.,  from  middle  of  cell,  Cu^  absent.     (See  pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  4.) 

Judging  by  Meyrick's  characterization  of  the  genus  and  the  struc- 
tures of  the  species  which  we  know,  Psclnophorus  is  a  very  poorly 
defined  genus,  intermediate  between  Oidaematoplionis  and  Aciplilia 
and  about  equivalent  to  Adaina  in  the  degree  of  its  development.  All 
the  species  agree  in  having  R-,  stalked  with  one  or  more  of  the  other 
branches  of  the  radius,  wliile  this  vein  is  free  in  Adaina  and  the  anas- 
tomosis concerns  R4.  The  venation  is  very  variable  in  bclfragei.  We 
have  specimens  in  which  R.,,  R^  and  R5  are  short  stalked,  others  in 
which  R,  and  R„  are  long  stalked  and  R.  separate,  and  still  others  in 
which  Ri  and  R,  are  short  stalked  and  connate  with  R.. 

1.       PSELNOPHORUS    BELFRAGEI    Fish.       PI.    XLT,    fig.     19.       PI.     XLIX, 

fig.  19. 
AcipHlus  bclfragci  Fish,  Can.  Ent.  XIII,  142,  1881. 
Pterofhorus  bclfragei  Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88.   1891. 
Alucita  bclfragei  Femald,  Pter.  N.  A.  37,   1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  13,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  17,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

This  species  is  so  variable  that  no  accurate  description  can  be  given,  so 
we  merely  call  attention  to  the  various  features  and  point  out  the  extent  to 
which  they  vary. 

The  palpi  are  brown  on  the  sides,  white  above  and  below.  Head  with 
some  white  between  antennae.  Legs  white  with  or  without  brown  shading;  fore 
and  middle  femora  and  tibiae  striped  with  dark  brown.  The  abdomen  is  most 
distinctive.  It  varies  from  pale  ochreous  to  dark  gray  brown,  due  to  a  variable 
mixture  of  dark  scales.  In  the  most  heavily  marked  specimens  it  bears  two 
conspicuous  silky  white  lines  above,  margined  more  or  less  with  black  dashes. 
There  are  similar  lines  on  the  sides  and  a  pair  below,  all  less  conspicuous,  and 
many  black  scales,  especially  on  the  sides  in  the  posterior  half  of  the  abdomen. 
In  the  paler  specimens  some  black  scales  remain  and  the  dorsal  stripes  are  usually 
faintly  marked. 

The  primaries  vary  from  white  with  scattered  brown  and  gray  scales  to 
dark  gray-brown  with   some  whitish  scales.     The  marks  are  very  variable,  anil 


363 

consist  of  a  dark  brown  dot  in  middle  of  cell,  oblique  patch  before  cleft,  two 
spots  on  costa  of  first  lobe,  one  at  apex  and  one  before,  and  a  spot  before  apex 
of  second  lobe.  Fringes  gray  brown,  approximately  concolorous;  whitish  patches 
before  apices  of  both  lobes,  on  costal  margins,  and  occasionally  on  inner  mar- 
gins.    Expanse  13-19  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  are  somewhat  variable,  and  an  average  form 
is  figured.     (Plate  XLIX,  fig.  19.) 

Distribution:     Fla.,  Apr.  Texas,  Mar.,  May,  June.     Ariz. 

The  type  is  a  female  from  Clifton,  Tex.,  May  16,  now  in  coll. 
Fernald.  It  is  in  excellent  condition,  aside  from  the  lack  of  hind 
legs,  and  is  a  inoderatcly  pale  example.  We  first  made  the  acquaint- 
ance of  the  species  through  our  smallest  and  darkest  specimen  (from 
Texas),  and  labelled  pale  specimens  from  Florida  as  a  new  species. 
The  type  is  nearer  to  the  Florida  specimens,  but  in  spite  of  its  gen- 
erally light  color,  the  dorsal  stripes  are  quite  noticeable,  while  in  the 
others  they  are  very  faint.  The  only  series  of  reasonable  size  which 
we  have  examined  is  in  the  Cambridge  Museum.  It  contains  twelve 
specimens  from  Shovel  Mt.,  Tex.,  and  seven  from  Fedora,  Tex.,  all 
collected  by  Dr.  Dietz.  Several  of  these  are  being  retained  in  the 
Barnes  collection.  This  series  includes  only  the  darkest  form,  which 
we  judge  to  be  the  most  common.  A  number  from  Victoria,  Tex., 
in  the  National  Museum  are  decidedly  pale  gray,  and  a  single  Arizona 
specimen  in  our  series  is  rather  smoothly  gray  with  darker  fringes 
and  only  the  costal  spots  heavily  marked.  The  species  is  not  difficult  to 
recognize  except  in  its  paler  forms  which  have  faint  dorsal  stripes. 
In  some  of  these  an  examination  of  the  structural  characters  of  the 
genus  must  be  depended  upon. 

We  know  nothing  of  the  life  history. 

Genus  Adaina  Tutt 

Orthotype  Alucita   mkrodaclyla  Huebner 

Adaina  Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  2,7,  190S. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  15,  1908. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  21,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Very  similar  to  Oidacmatophorns.  Ocelli  obsolete.  Palpi  moderate,  as- 
cending, slender.  Primaries  cleft  from  two-thirds  or  before;  vein  Cu^  from 
near  angle  of  cell,  Cu^  and  M,  connate  or  stalked:  R,  absent,  R,  and  R,  stalked, 
sometimes  very  shortly  (see  A.  buscki).  Hindwings  trifid,  third  segment  with- 
out black  scales  in   fringes;  vein  Cu     from  middle  of  cell,  CUj  absent.     The 


364 

species  included  are  not  unlike  those  in  Oidacmatophorus,  but  differ  in  having 
R.,  and  R^  of  the  primaries  at  least  short-stalked  .  In  the  genotype  they  are  long 
stalked.     (See  pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  5.) 

We  have  felt  some  doubt  about  placing  several  of  the  species 
included  here,  for  they  seem  to  make  a  rather  heterogeneous  group. 
They  agree,  however,  in  the  stalked  second  and  third  branches  of  the 
radius.  Bipnnctata  and  zcphyria  are  the  most  nearly  typical,  and 
both  have  genitalia  of  the  usual  Oidacmatophorus  form,  yet  the  others, 
in  which  R.^  and  R^  are  only  short  stalked,  have  genitalia  of  a  different 
and  definite  type,  with  the  exception  of  citierasccns.  In  none  of  them 
are  the  genitalia  similar  to  those  of  Oidacmatophorus.  These  species 
satisfy  Meyrick's  characterization  of  Adaiua,  however,  and  even  after 
careful  examination  of  a  long  series  we  are  unable  to  find  characters 
on  which  we  are  willing  to  base  a  new  genus.  We  are  at  a  loss  to 
account  for  the  peculiar  discrepancies  which  exist  in  the  genus  as  it 
stands. 

Key  to  the  SPEaES 

1.  Terminal  fringe  of  first  lobe  of  primaries  with  a  pencil  of  whitish  scales 

separating  dark  areas   4 

Terminal  fringe  without  such  marks ;  not  more  than  one  dark  area 
present    2 

2.  Middle  and  hind  tibiae  without  tufts   3 

Middle  tibiae  with  large  terminal  tuft,  botb  with  median  dorsal  tufts, 
that  of  the  hind  legs  small  and  spur-like buscki 

J.     Expanse  not  over  11.5  mm.     Wings  whitish.     Antennae  evenly  colored 

bi[<unctala 

Expanse  14  mm.  or  more.  Wings  grayish,  more  or  less  powdered  with 
brown.     Antennae  dotted  above  sepliyria 

4.  Hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  with  dark  annuli ambrosiae 

Hind  tibiae  pale,  without  rings,  though  with  a  few  dark  scales  in  darker 
examples   5 

5.  Ground   color  of  primaries  pure  while ;   brown   irroration   often   heavy, 

especially  in  apex  of  first  lobe   6 

Yellowish.     Irroration  slight,  not  noticeably  heavy  in  first  \ohe. .  .cinerasccns 

6.  Shining  white  powdered  with  scattered  brown  scales,  with  a  brown  spot 

at  base  of  cleft  and  one  on  costa  above  it moiitana 

Similar  but  frecjuently  almost  completely  covered  with  dense  brown 
irroration.  Spot  at  base  of  cleft  more  or  less  definitely  connected  with 
costal  spot  and  with  one  on  inner  margin,  forming  a  variably  complete 
oblique  band   form  declivis 


365 

1.     Adaina  bipunctata   Moeschler.     PI.  XIJ,  fig.  20.     PI.  XLIX, 

fig.  18. 
Pterophorus  bipunctatus  Moeschler,  Abh.  Senck.  Nat.  Ges.  XVI,  346,  1890. 
Fernald,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

Grossbeck,   Bull.   Am.   Mus.   Nat.  Hist.   XXXVII,   135,    1917. 
Alucita  bipunctatus  Walsingham,   Proc.   Zool.   Soc.   Lond.   1891,  496,   1892. 
fLcioptilus  microdactylus  Hedemann,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  LVII,  9,  1896   (fide  Fer- 
nald). 
tAdaina  bipunctata  Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  15,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  21,  1913. 
Adaina  bipunctatus  Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Pterophorus   siniplicius   Grossbeck,   Bnll.    Am.   Mus.   Nat.   Hist.   XXXVII,    136, 
1917. 

Entirely  pale  yellowish  white.  Head  touched  with  pale  brownish  above 
and  on  front.  Palpi  rather  long,  slender;  second  joint  oblique,  third  almost 
as  long,  slightly  drooping.  Fore  and  mid  tibiae  and  femora  with  brown  stripes. 
Abdomen  with  a  faint  dorsal  ochreous  stripe. 

Primaries  with  a  few  brown  scales  and  several  brown  spots,  one  at  base 
of  cleft,  one  beyond  on  costa,  followed  by  a  second,  one  on  inner  margin  of 
first  lobe  before  apex  and  two  on  inner  margin  of  second  lobe  before  apex. 
Fringes  slightly  tinged  with  gray,  similar  to  secondaries  and  their  fringes.  Ex- 
panse 9-11.5  mm. 

The  primaries  frequently  lack  part  of  the  spots  mentioned,  but  we  have 
yet  to   see  an  immaculate  specimen. 

The  male  genitalia  are  of  the   form  found  in  Oidacmatophorus. 

Distribution :  We  have  five  specimens  from  various  localities  in 
Florida,  one  dated  April,  and  have  seen  a  few  others  dated  March 
and  May.  The  Cornell  collection  contains  one  from  Biloxi,  Miss., 
Jime.     Described  from  Porto  Rico. 

The  t_ype  of  bipunctata  should  be  at  Berlin.  We  have  not  verified 
the  identification  by  reference  to  the  type  but  see  no  reason  to  doubt 
that  Moeschler's  description  applies  to  our  Florida  species.  If  an 
examination  of  his  specimen  should  show  that  this  is  not  the  case, 
simpliciits  Grossbeck  will  be  applicable.  The  type  of  this  species  is 
.5  mm.  larger  than  any  other  specimen  which  we  have  seen,  according 
to  the  original  description,  but  this  is  negligible.  Mr.  Frank  E.  Wat- 
son of  the  American  Museum  has  very  kindly  compared  specimens 
for  us  with  the  types  of  both  of  Grossbeck's  species,  and  says  that 
"although  not  an  exact  match",  he  considers  our  specimen  labelled 
simpliciits  to  be  the  same  species  as  Grossbeck's  type. 

The  life  history  is  unknown. 


3G6 

2.  Adaina  zephvria  n.  sp.      PI.  XLI,  fig.  21.    PI.  XLIX,  fig.  20. 
Brownish  white.     Head  slightly  darker  in  front  and  above,  pale  between 

antennae.  Antennae  dotted  with  brown  above.  Palpi  rather  long  and  slender, 
l)rown  above;  second  joint  oblique,  third  porrect,  as  in  bipwictata.  First  two 
pairs  of  legs  brown  inside,  tibiae  striped.    Hind  tarsi  annulate. 

Primaries  with  brown  irroration,  forming  a  vague  spot  in  middle  of  cell. 
First  lobe  with  a  brown  spot  on  costa  above  base  of  cleft,  a  smaller  one  beyond 
and  another  at  apex;  inner  margin  with  one  spot.  Second  lobe  with  a  brown 
dot  at  apex  preceded  by  two  or  three  at  ends  of  veins,  along  inner  margin. 
There  is  a  less  definite  spot  at  the  base  of  the  cleft.  Secondaries  and  all  fringes 
approximately  concolorous  with  primaries.     Expanse   14-17  mm. 

Aside  from  the  left  clasper.  which  is  figured,  the  male  genitalia  are  very 
similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  species. 

Described  from  a  series  of  thirty-two  specimens  from  San  Diego,  Ca!., 
August.    The  types  are  as  follows : 

Holotype   S ,  allotype,  7  paratypes   $   and  j  paratypes   9   in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype   <J    and  paratype    9    U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23464. 

Paratype    S    in  coll.  Meyrick. 

In  superficial  appearance,  depending  on  the  amount  of  irrora- 
tion, this  species  bears  some  resemblance  to  Ocdcmatophonis  cadmus, 
iohates  and  venapunctns,  but  tlie  two  brandies  of  the  radius  are  so 
long  stalked  that  no  difficulty  should  be  encountered  in  placing  it  as 
an  Adaina. 

The  early  stages  are  not  known. 

3.  y\DAiNA  MONTANA  Walsingham.     PI.   XLII.  fig.   1. 
Aciptilus  montanus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  59,  pi.   Ill,  f.   14,   1880. 

Kel'icott,  Can.   Ent.  XII,   106,   1880.     (Mentions  larva  without  name) 

Fish,  Can.  Ent.  XIII,   141,  1881,   (Names  Kellicott's  larva). 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  404,   1882. 

Id.,  op.  cit.  413,  1882. 

Kellicott,  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  IV,  51,  1882  (biol.  )   {fide  Hy.  Edw.) 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889. 
Ptcrophonis  montanus  Femald,   Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,   1891. 
tAliiciln  molilalia  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  37,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  13,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  17,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   151,   1917. 

"Head  white;  antennae  white,  faintly  dotted  above  wilh  brownish. 

"Forewings  cleft  to  nearly  halt  their  length,  snow-white,  sparsely  dusted 

uitli   fcrnipinous-brown  scales,   especially  towards  the  costa;   a  blotch  of  these 

lies  immediately  before  the  base  of  tlie  fissure,  and  is  connected  obliquely  with 

a  similar  or  r:it!ier  darker  blotch  on  the  cnsta  above  it,  which  is  scarcely  sepa- 


367 

rated  from  another  costal  blotch  beyond  it,  nearer  to  the  apex.  The  cilia  are 
white,  except  immediately  beneath  the  extreme  apex,  where  they  are  dark 
ferruginous  brown.  The  outer  half  of  the  costal  margin  of  the  second  lobe  is 
dark  ferruginous  brown,  and  this  colour  runs  thence  through  the  cilia  imme- 
diately beneath  the  extreme  apex  of  this  lobe;  all  of  the  remaining  cilia  are 
snow-white. 

"Posterior  wings  dusted  w  ith  cinereous  brown ;  the  cilia  of  the  same  colour, 
the  third  lobe  only  being  slightly  paler  towards  the  base. 

"The  abdomen  and  legs  snow'-whitc,  the  two  anterior  pairs  tinged  with 
brown  on  their  inner  sides. 

"Expanse   16  millims." 

Distribution:  Type  locality  Mt.  Sha.sta,  Cal.  The  types  were 
taken  in  August.  The  only  other  specimens  we  have  seen  were  taken  by 
Kellicott,  in  New  York.  There  is  one  in  the  Fernald  collection  and 
one  in  the  National  Museum,  the  latter  dated  March. 

There  are  four  "types"  in  the  Fernald  collection,  all  males,  and 
one  other  specimen  which  appears  to  be  from  Walsingham.  The 
single  specimen  without  data  which  is  labelled  with  Kellicott's  name 
completes  the  series.  We  have  at  hand  the  single  specimen  belonging 
to  the  National  Museum  which  was  also  collected  by  Kellicott,  and 
which  presumably  came  from  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  though  it  is  without  a 
locality  label.  This  distribution  seerns  very  peculiar,  but  the  species 
will  probably  be  found  more  widely  distributed  in  Canada  than  is  now- 
known,  or  it  may  be  the  form  taken  in  the  southern  extremities  of  the 
range.  The  known  distribution  of  dcdn'is  Meyrick  does  not  substan- 
tiate the  latter  alternative,  and  influences  us  to  treat  declivis  as  a  form. 

Kellicott  reared  the  species  from  larvae  eating  the  leaves  of  Soli- 
dago  sp.,  and  at  length  published  a  description  of  the  larva  and  pupa. 
This  is  quoted  by  Fernald  in  the  "Pterophoridae  of  North  America." 
apparently  from  the  Bulletin  of  the  Buffalo  Society.  We  have  no 
original  copy  of  Kellicott's  description  and  so  repeat  Fernald's  quo- 
tation. We  have  carefully  verified  the  identification  of  Kellicott's 
species  by  sending  the  National  Museum  specimen  to  Meyrick  for 
comparison  v.'ith  Walsingham's  type,  and  also  by  personal  comparison 
with  the  paratypes  in  the  Fernald  collection. 

"T'.'.c  larva  feed?  upon  different  species  of  SoUdago.  The  first  examples 
were  noticed  on  May  30.  At  this  time  they  were  found  only  on  the  under  side 
of  the  leaves,  later  they  occur  on  the  upper  as  well.  As  a  rule,  they  lie  close 
to  and  parallel  with  the  mid-vein.  At  least  \^  hile  young  they  eat  out  the  paren- 
chyma, leaving  the  epidermis. 


368 

"May  30  the  larvae  were  .1  of  an  inch  and  less  in  length;  entirely  white, 
except  claws  and  mandibles.  The  body  is  not  flattened  at  this  stage.  The  first 
ring  is  broad,  and  the  head  may  be  well  withdrawn  into  it.  The  tubercular 
hairs  are  spined,  plainly  seen  under  a  moderate  magnifying  power. 

"June  3  the  largest  had  evidently  moulted,  length  then  .2  of  an  inch,  pale 
green,  eighth  and  ninth  rings  yellow.  Lateral  tufts  more  conspicuous.  Dorsal 
line  faint.  Subsequent  changes  not  noted  until  full-grown  larva  was  described 
the  latter  part  of  June.  Length  .34  to  .4  of  an  inch.  Pale  pea  green,  head  paler; 
dorsal  stripe  of  three  white  lines,  the  middle  one  the  finest  and  most  clearly 
defined.  The  seventh,  eighth  and  ninth  rings  yellow.  The  posterior  subdorsal 
papilla  of  the  body  rings  bears  two  unequal  hairs,  the  anterior  but  one;  above 
the  spiracles  and  in  front  of  them  also  is  a  papilla;  below  the  same  there  are 
two,  from  which  arise  long  hairs,  five  from  posterior  and  ten  or  twelve  from 
anterior,  these  are  spread  out  fan-like;  below  these  a  prominent  longitudinal 
fold.  From  the  first  ring  proceed  long  hairs  reaching  over  and  bej'ond  the 
head.  Hairs  all  unbranched  and  plumose.  The  body  is  considerably  flattened, 
so  when  looking  down  upon  it  the  spiracles  from  either  side  may  be  seen  at 
once,   spiracles  conical,   rings  black. 

"The  f'<P"  is  .3  of  an  inch  in  length;  light  green,  some  of  them  have  a 
reddish  stripe  along  dorsal  part  of  the  abdomen,  the  conical  spiracles  of  such 
have  the  same  hue.  The  upper  part  of  the  rings  well  clothed,  especially  at 
extremities  and  along  the  lateral  ridges.  Pupa  fastens  to  a  tuft  of  silk  by 
means  of  the  hooks  of  the  last  ring.  Moth  appears  through  greater  part  of 
July." 

Form  DECLivis  Meyrick.     PI.  XLII,  fig.  2.     PI.  L,  fig.  2. 
iAlucita   cincrascens   Dyar    (not   Wlsm.)    Proc.   U.    S.   N.   M.   XXV,   399,    1902 

(biol.). 
Ptcroplinrus  dcclivis  Meyrick,  Exot.  Microlep.  I,  112,  1913. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,   1917. 

Dcclivis  differs  from  montana  in  that  the  primaries  are  more  or  less  heav- 
ily irrorate  with  brown  scales  and  the  brown  marks  are  heavier.  The  abdomen 
in  some  specimens  has  a  few  dorsal  dots.     Expanse  14-16  mm. 

Distribution:     Ont.,  July  (N.  M.)  ;  Man.,  Mar.;  Colo.,  June. 

We  have  before  us  two  of  the  specimens  reared  by  Dyar  and 
Caudcll  in  Colorado.  These  are  darker  than  the  paratypes  of  mon- 
tana in  the  Fernald  collection  and  lighter  than  our  Manitoba  examples, 
but  Mr.  Meyrick  returned  one  to  us  as  dcclivis  after  comparing  it  with 
the  type,  and  at  the  same  time  noted  its  apparent  relationship  with 
montana.  The  differences  in  larval  habit  noted  by  Dyar  and  Kelli- 
cott  have  led  us  to  make  a  very  careful  examination  of  these  two  speci- 
mens, montana  Kellicott,  and  Walsingham's  paratypes,  but  minute 
comparison  fails  to  disclose  any  differences  of  specific  value. 


369 

Dyar's  account  of  the  life  history  is  as  follows: 

"Larz'Q.— Head  long,  the  mouth  pointed,  apex  under  joint  2;  whitish.  Body 
flattened,  narrow,  not  tapering.  Tubercles  i  and  ii  approximate  with  one  long 
and  several  short  hairs,  iii  single  haired,  iiib  several  haired,  iv  +  v  large,  many 
haired,  the  others  retracted  subventrally.  Translucent  green,  with  obscure, 
straight,  subdorsal  and  broken  lateral  lines,  the  latter  above  tubercle  iii.  Warts 
black,  i  +  ii  largely  so,  and  forming  a  double  row  of  distinct  spots  separated 
by  a  straight  line  of  the  ground  color.  Anterior  edge  of  joint  2,  posterior  rim 
of  reduced  cervical  shield  and  warts  of  anal  flap  also  black  marked.  Hairs 
white,  spinulose;  none  secondary.     Pupa  free,  not  in  a  cocoon. 

"Larvae  in  the  heads  of  Helianthus  pumilus.  near  Boulder  Creek  Canyon. 
May  23;  moths  issued  June  12.  Eggs  were  obtained  from  these  which  passed 
the  winter  without  hatching,  showing  the  species  to  be  single  brooded  with 
hibernation  in  the  egg  state. 

"Egci. — Oviform,  elliptical,  one  end  more  pointed  than  the  other,  b-Hh 
slightly  truncate  at  the  extreme  tips,  strongly  and  sharply  flattened  on  two 
sides,  like  cakes  cut  out  of  dough:  pale  yellow,  opaque,  not  shining,  the  surface 
slightly  shagreened,  not  sculptured.     Size,  0.55  by  0.4  by  0.15  mm." 

4.     Adaina  cinekascens  Walsingham.    PL  XLII,  fig.  3.    PI.  L,  fig.  3. 
Aciptilus  cinerasccns  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  57,  pi.  HI,  f.  13,  1880. 
Pterophorus  cinerascens  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 
Alucita  cinerascens  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  39,  pi.  H,  ff.  5,  6;  pi.  IX,  ff.  9-11,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  14,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars   17,  20.   1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnoiigh,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

Head  very  slightly  touched  with  brown  above  and  in  front.  Palpi  very 
short  and  slender.  Antennae  whitish.  Thorax  and  abdomen  whitish,  legs  con- 
colorous,  the  first  pair  fuscous  inside  and  middle  pair  with  some  fuscous. 

Primaries  in  good  specimens  distinctly  yellowish,  very  slightly  irrorate  with 
brown.  Costa  with  a  brown  patch  just  beyond  base  of  cleft  and  another  beyond 
middle  of  first  lobe.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  brown  spot  slightly  produced  toward 
first  costal  spot  but  not  connected  with  it.  Second  lobe  with  costa  at  apex 
brown.  Fringes  white  on  costa,  grayish  elsewhere  with  two  darker  patches 
before  apex  of  first  lobe,  in  cleft,  and  one  below  apex  of  second.  Secondaries 
and  their  fringes  pale  brownish  gray.     Expanse  16.5-19  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  have  a  remarkably  developed  jtixta,  and  are 
very  distinct  from  any  others  known  to  us. 

Distribution:  Described  from  Mendocino  and  Lake  Co.,  Cal, 
June.    Nevada,  June.    Utah,  July.    S.  Oregon. 

The  Fernald  collection  contains  fotir  paratypes  in  good  condi- 
tion.    These  differ  from  Walsingham's  figure  in  the  two  dark  areas 


370 

before  the  apex  of  the  first  lobe  of  the  primaries  in  place  of  one.  The 
marks  on  the  costa  are  much  less  extensive  than  in  the  figure. 

The  yellow  color  of  fresh  specimens  renders  this  species  very 
distinct  from  the  preceding,  but  worn  specimens  of  small  size  are  fre- 
quently difficult  to  distinguish.  The  differences  in  pattern  noted  in 
the  key  sufiice  in  all  of  the  few  specimens  which  we  have  seen,  and 
the  heavily  brown-marked  apex  of  montana  seems  to  us  the  most 
salient  difference  in  that  species.  The  wings,  in  our  opinion,  do  not 
show  the  marked  difference  in  shape  which  appears  in  Walsingham's 
figures,  though  we  have  compared  his  own  paratypes  in  the  F"ernald 
collection. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

5.     Adaina  buscki  n.  sp.     PI.  XLII,  fig.  4.     PI.  L,  fig.  1. 

Tawny  or  brownish  white.  Antennae  and  palpi  concolorous,  the  latter 
moderate,  slender,  upturned  or  oblique.  Abdomen  with  a  slight  brown  dorsal 
stripe  and  some  brown  scales  on  the  sides  and  below.  Legs  concolorous,  shaded 
with  brown.  Mid-tibiae  with  brown  scale  tufts  at  end  and  middle.  Hind  tibiae 
with  a  distinct  tuft  at  end,  a  slight  tuft  below  at  base  of  first  pair  of  spurs, 
and  a  short,  spur-like  tuft  above  at  middle,  well  before  spurs. 

Primaries,  whitish  tawny  with  scattered  brown  scales  fonning  a  dot  in 
cell  and  a  dash  before  cleft  which  projects  toward  a  costal  spot  beyond  base 
of  cleft.  First  lobe  with  costal  dot  beyond  middle,  an  apical  dot,  and  one  before 
apex  on  inner  margin.  Second  lobe  with  some  brown  scales  in  apex  and  at 
end  of  vein  Cu  .  Fringes  gray  brown  with  a  darker  cluster  at  spot  on  inner 
margin  of  first  lobe.     Secondaries  and  fringes  gray-brown.     Expanse  20-21  mm. 

Holotypc  9,  Cocoanut  Grove,  Fla.  (E.  A.  Schwarz),  and  paratype  in  poor 
condition,  Miami  Fla.     (Coll.  Schaus),  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23465. 

Allotype    S,  same  source  as  holotype,  coll.   Barnes. 

The  tufted  tibiae  of  this  species  do  not  agree  with  Mr.  Meyrick's 
diagnosis  of  Adaina,  but  in  venation  it  corresponds  with  most  of  the 
other  species  which  we  place  in  the  genus.  Veins  R.  and  4,  of  the 
primaries  are  short  stalked  and  R5  free.  We  examined  a  specimen 
in  the  American  Museum  collection  which  appeared  to  be  this  species, 
and  found  Rj  and  R4  only  connate.  The  genitalia  of  the  allotype 
seem  most  closely  related  to  those  of  ambrosiac. 

The  types  were  found  in  the  National  Museum  collection,  and 
in  recognition  of  his  services  in  connection  with  the  loan  of  this  mate- 
rial we  take  pleasure  in  naming  the  species  after  Mr.  August  Busck. 

We  have  no  data  on  the  life  history. 


:vri 

6.     Adaina  ambrosiae  Alurtfeldt.     PI.  XLII,  fig.  5,  6.     PI.  L,  fig.  4. 

Ocdematophonis  ambrosiae  Murtfeldt,  Am.  Ent.  Ill,  236,  1880  (biol.). 

Dimmock,  Psyclie  III,  403,  1882. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35,  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889. 
Alucita  ambrosiae  Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
§Oedematiis  ambrosia  Murtfeldt,  Proc.  Nat.  Sci.  Club  13,  1896. 
\Pterophorus  inquiiwtus  Femald,  Pter.  N.  A.  56,  1898  (in  part). 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902  (in  part). 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1917  (in  part). 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  446,  1915   (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,   1917   (in  part). 
Pterophorus  ambrosiae  Femald,  Pter.  N.  A.  pi.  VI,  ff.  14-17,  1898. 
Pterophorus  perplexus  Grossbeck,   Bull.   Am.   Mus.   Nat.   Hist.   XXXVU,    136, 
1917. 
Head  brownish,  pale  grayish  white  between  antennae.     Antennae   with  a 
dark   line,   sometimes  broken,   above.     Palpi,   small,   slender,   oblique,  brown  on 
sides.     Thorax  whitish  to  gray-brown.     Abdomen  similar,  somewhat  tawny  in 
our  series  but  this  may  be  due  to  stain.    There  are  single  black  dorsal  dots  on 
the  posterior  margins  of  most  segments  and  a  few  blackish  streaks,  all  some- 
times obscured  by  a  variable  mixture  of  brown  scales.     Sides  roughened,  with 
many  brown  scales.     Under  surface  with  a  central  stripe  fonning  dots  on  hind 
margins  of  segments.     Front  legs  white,  tarsi  brown  inside,  femora  and  tibiae 
striped.     Middle  pair  similar,  tibia  with  a  slight  trace  of  median  tuft.     Hind 
legs  with  scattered  brown  scales  and  annuli. 

Primaries  gray,  frequently  tawny  in  first  lobe  and  a  little  before.  Entire 
wing  irrorate  with  brownish  black  scales  which  tend  to  collect  along  the  veins 
and  in  blotches  near  inner  margin,  often  reduced  on  first  lobe  and  increased 
on  second.  A  few  pale  scales  before  cleft  are  preceded  by  a  black  dash,  some- 
what triangular,  outwardly  concave,  and  often  produced  toward  the  nearest  costal 
spot.  This  is  heavy  and  usually  conspicuous,  and  is  followed  aliout  half  way 
to  the  apex  by  a  smaller  black  spot.  These  are  continued  through  the  otherwise 
pale  costal  fringes.  In  addition  the  costa  of  the  first  lobe  is  sometimes  marked 
with  two  dots,  one  before  and  one  beyond  the  outer  spot,  which  do  not  enter 
and  fringes.  Apex  of  first  lobe  and  inner  margin  before  apex  with  black  dots. 
Fringes  of  inner  margin  of  first  lobe  pale  with  two  dark  patches  at  outer  end 
which  contain  a  basal  row  of  black  scales.  Fringes  of  second  lobe  gray  brown, 
cut  with  four  pale  areas  at  apex  and  before  it  on  inner  margin.  The  two  outer 
dark  areas  thus  formed  have  black  basal  scales.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes 
brownish  gray.  All  characters  except  the  larger  spots  of  the  primaries  are 
more  or  less  variable.    Expanse  14-20  mm. 

Distribution :  Fla.  to  Pa.,  west  to  S.  Cal.  and  Ariz.  In  the 
northern  parts  of  its  range  it  appears  chiefly  in  Aug.  and  Sept.,  in  the 
south  and  on  the  Pacific  Coast  March  to  July,  Sept.,  Nov.  according 


372 

to  our  series.  We  have  the  species  in  good  series  from  intermediate 
localities,  including  specimens  reared  by  Dr.  McDunnough  at  Decatur. 

The  Murtfeldt  collection,  now  at  Cornell  University,  contained 
three  specimens  labelled  as  types  of  this  species,  which  were  submitted 
to  us  for  examination.  All  bore  the  same  rearing  number  and  the 
locality  Mo.  One  proved  to  be  a  specimen  of  Marasmarcha  pumilio 
Zell.,  the  others  corresponded  to  our  idea  of  anibrosiac.  We  labelled 
a  S  lectotype  and  the  other,  a  9  ,  which  is  in  the  Barnes  collection 
through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  J.  C.  Bradley,  may  be  regarded  as  a  para- 
type.  One  specimen  in  the  Fernald  collection  bore  type  and  breeding 
labels  in  Miss  Murtfeldts  handwriting,  and  we  have  therefore  labelletl 
it  as  a  paratype. 

We  have  not  been  able  to  examine  the  types  of  pcxplcxus  Gross- 
beck,  but  placed  it  as  a  synonym  of  ambrosiae  by  means  of  the  descrip- 
tion. A  comparison  of  specimens  with  the  type,  which  Mr.  Frank  E. 
Watson  has  very  kindly  made,  confirms  this  opinion. 

Ambrosiae  is  an  extremely  variable  species  in  most  details  of  color 
and  pattern,  and  can  be  confused  rather  readily  with  some  species  of 
Oidaematophoriis  in  a  casual  examination.  The  stalked  radial  branches, 
however,  place  it  with  a  group  of  species  from  which  it  is  readily 
separable.  The  single  dorsal  dots  on  the  abdomen  distinguish  it  from 
iiiquiiiatns,  of  which  it  has  so  long  been  regarded  as  a  synonym.  In 
inquinatus  the  dorsal  dots  are  paired. 

Miss  Murtfeldt  reared  the  species  before  describing  it,  and  in 
her  original  paper  gives  the  following  account  of  larva  and  pupa : 

"Larva:  Length  0.35;  diameter,  0.09.  Form  depressed.  Color  pale  greenish 
gray,  with  ver\'  characteristic  dark  markings  and  lateral  tufts  of  long,  white, 
silken  hairs.  Head  small,  light  brown,  corneous,  retractile.  Segment  1  with 
a  dilated,  partially  free,  shield-like  collar  covering  top  and  projecting  over  the 
head.  The  ornamentation  of  this  collar  consists  of  five  central  minute  brown 
dots,  with  four  still  smaller  black  ones  on  each  side,  from  each  of  which  pro- 
ceeds a  short,  curved  bristle.  The  projecting  edges  are  fringed  with  soft,  light 
hairs.  Segments  2  and  3,  gradually  broadening  backward,  ornamented  on  dorsum 
with  two  oblong,  pale-brown  spots  on  either  side  of  a  triangle  of  very  minute 
black  dots,  and  having  a  larger  black  dot  on  each  outer  side.  Two  short  bristles 
arise  from  each  of  the  more  conspicuous  spots.  Abdominal  segments,  each  with 
four,  somewhat  elevated,  brown  spots,  from  which  proceed  single,  short,  back- 
ward-curving bristles.  Between  the  posterior  pair  of  brown  spots  are  two  smaller 
black  ones,  each  of  which  forms  the  base  of  a  very  short  clubbed  piliferous 
process,  which  turns  backward,  resting  flat  upon  the  surface. 


373  _ 

"The  stigmata  arc  annulated  with  black,  and  obliquely  above  and  forward 
of  each  are  two  small  brown  dots.  The  lateral  tufts  are  below  the  stigmata, 
and  each  is  composed  of  from  seven  to  nine  long  hairs,  which,  under  the  lens, 
are  remotely  pectinate.  A  little  above  and  back  of  each  of  these  tufts  is  a  semi- 
circle of  fine,  scale-like  bristles.    The  prolegs  are  very  short. 

"Pupa:  Length,  0.25.  Swollen  and  blunt  anteriorly.  Color  pale  fulvous, 
with  a  roseate  hue  on  dorsum.  Dorsal  surface  beset  with  tufts  of  dingy  hairs, 
with  a  lateral  fringe  of  single  straight  hairs,  which  serve  to  secure  it  more  firmly 
to  the  mat  of  silk  upon  which  it  rests.  Dorsum  marked,  near  the  head,  with 
two  large  dull-brown  spots,  and  an  indistinct  longitudinal  stripe  of  same  color 
on  the  abdomen.     On  either  side  of  the  thorax  is  a  small,  velvety  dark  brown 

dot. 

*********** 

"It  feeds  on  the  Rag-weed  (Ambrosia  artemisiacfolia),  and  I  have  only 
found  it  late  in  the  season." 

Dr.  McDunnough  has  communicated  to  us  the  following  notes : 

"Murtfeldt's  description  is,  on  the  whole,  good.  Tubercles  I  and  II  are 
raised,  conical,  brown,  with  short  recurved  setae.  The  two  black  dots  between 
tubercles  II  are  characteristic  but  piliferous  process  mentioned  could  not  be 
seen;  there  is  a  short  seta  projecting  forward  and  lying  flat  on  the  body  sur- 
face, arising  from  just  before  tubercle  1  and  there  is  often  another  behind  H. 
but  none  arising  from  the  spots  themselves.  Area  around  tubercles  often  with 
numerous  round  minute  glandular  processes,  much  like  mushrooms.  Tubercle 
III  anterior  to  and  well  above  spiracle  with  minute  seta,  pointed  forward  and 
recumbent,  above  it  a  black  lenticle  (these  two  arising  from  the  two  black  spots 
mentioned  by  Murtfeldt).  Spiracle  raised,  black,  forming  on  prothorax  a  large 
conical  process,  much  raised.  Lateral  tufts  as  stated.  Tubercle  IV  is  a  tuft 
of  4  or  S  rather  short  broad  setae,  situated  above  and  posterior  to  the  lateral  tuU 
which  represents  V  and  contains  7-8  very  long  setae  and  numerous  short  ones. 
Skin,  especially  near  lateral  flange,  shagreened ;  faint  traces  of  yellow  dorsal 
line  behind  II  with  V  shaped  oblique  extensions  pointing  forward.  All  setae 
strongly  barbed.  Thoracic  tubercles  with  two  short  setae  and  with  the  spot 
above  larger  than  on  abdominal  segments,  oblong  (not  round)  and  consisting 
apparently  of  fusion  of  lenticles. 

"Pupa.  Wing-sheaths  pale  green  with  rows  of  minute  setae  and  lateral 
fringe  of  longer  ones.  Dorsally  whitish-green,  thoracic  segments  with  purple- 
brown  markings  and  geminate  fine  dorsal  line  terminating  in  a  large  black- 
brown  patch.  A  faint  dark  dorsal  line  on  abdominal  segments  broadening  on 
the  4th  to  a  stripe  which  is  continued  to  anal  segment;  traces  of  oblique  lateral 
lines,  reaching  to  spiracle  and  most  distinct  on  the  two  segments  posterior  to 
the  dark  dorsal  patch.  Spiracles  black,  the  first  visible  one  being  raised,  conical 
and  arising  from  a  black  brown  lateral  patch.  Setae  of  primary  tubercles  as  in 
the  larvae;  dorsal  ones  however  are  not  single  but  have  clusters  of  shorter 
hair  around  the  base." 


374 

Genus  Oidaematophorus  Wallengren 
Haplotype  Aliicita  lithodactyla  Treitschke 

Oidaematophorus  Wallengren,  Skand.  Fjad.  19,   1859. 

Jordan,  Ent,   Mo.  Mag.   VI,  125,   1869. 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  103,  1896. 

Id.,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905. 
fPtcrophonis  Wallengren   (not  Geoff.)   Skand.  Fjad.  20,  1859. 

Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  39,  1880. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  See.  Lend.  10,  1886. 

Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  49,  155,   1895. 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  110,  1896. 

Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  39,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.   Ins.  C,  15,   1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lcp.  Cat.  pars  17,  21,  1913. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent,-Am.,  Lcp.  Het.   IV,  439,   1915. 

Mosher,  Class.  Lep.  Pupae  70,  1916. 

Barnes  &  McDununough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Lcioptilus  Wallengren,  Skand.  Fjad.  21,  1859.     Logotype  tcphradactylus  Hbn. 

Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zcit.  XXVIII,  331,  338,  1867. 

Jordan,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  VI,  149,  1869. 

Hofmann,   Deutsch.   Pter.  49,   160,   1895. 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  114,  1896. 

Id.,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  36,   1905.     Fixes  type. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  15,  1910.     Under  Ptcrophonix.     Pseudotvpe  scar- 
odactylus  Hbn. 
tOcdcmatophorus  Zeller,  Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIII,  331,  337,  1867. 

Walsingham,   Pter.  Cal.   Ore.   34,    1880. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lend.   10,   1886. 

Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  49,  148,  1895. 
XLiopiilus  Zeller,   Stett.  ent.  Zeit.  XXVIH,  331.   footnote,   1867. 

V/alsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  41,  1880. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.   Soc.  Lond.  10,  1886. 
■\AhicUa  Meyrick  (not  Linn.)   Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  487,  1890. 

Fernald,   Smith's  List  Lep.   N.  A.  87,   1891. 

Meyrick,  Handbook  438,  1895. 
Ovcndcnia  Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  37,  1905.     Orthotypc  scplodaclyla  Treitschke. 
HcUinsia  Tutt,  loc.  cit.     Orthotype  ostcodactylus  Zell. 
Euimelina  Tutt,  loc.  cit.     Orthotype  motwdaciyla  Linn. 

Front  rarely  with  tuft.  Ocelli  obsolete.  Palpi  short  to  long,  usually 
slender  and  more  or  less  oblique.  Tibiae  with  or  without  conspicuous  scale 
tufts.  Primaries  bitid,  cleft  two-fifths  or  less;  vein  Cu.,  about  three-fourths 
length  of  cell  from  base,  Cu^  and  M.,  connate  or  stalked;  radials  free,  R.,  absent. 
Secondaries  trind,  fringes  without  black  scales.  Cu.,  from  middle  of  cell,  Cu 
absent.     (See  pi.  XLVltl,  (ig.  7). 


375 

Crctidactylus  Fitch  and  allied  species  in  the  North  American 
fauna  are  very  similar  to  the  type  of  Oidaematophorus,  while  palca- 
ccHS  Zell.  and  others  are  nearer  to  the  type  of  Lcioptilus,  but  we  find 
such  a  complete  transition  of  structure  that  we  agree  with  Meyrick 
in  regarding  them  all  as  congeneric.  Tutt's  genera  demantl  little  re- 
mark with  the  exception  of  Emmelina,  type  monodactylus.  This  genus 
is  identical  with  the  '\Ptcrophorus  Auct.,  and  in  our  opinion  is  not 
worthy  of  separation,  in  spite  of  the  rather  distinct  habitus  of  mono- 
dactylus. 

The  species  of  Oidaematophorus  are  not  at  all  difficult  to  identify 
when  one  has  gained  some  familiarity  with  them.  Usually  some  one 
or  two  characters  suffice,  but  we  have  found  that  very  nearly  all  char- 
acters of  color  and  pattern  are  subject  to  such  variation  that  the  con- 
struction of  a  key  is  very  difficult.  In  order  that  the  one  presented 
here  may  offer  the  fewest  possibilities  of  confusion  we  have  inserted 
a  number  of  species  in  two  catagories.  Only  in  this  way  have  we  been 
able  to  make  use  of  salient  features  of  many  species  which  are  not 
entirely  constant. 

Key  to  the  Speoes 

1.  Palpi  porrect,  conspicuously  longer  than  head,  frontal  tuft  long.    Very 

attenuate  insects    longifrous 

Palpi  not  conspicuously  longer  than  head 2 

2.  Primaries  with  a  dark  costal  dot  or  patch  above  or  just  beyond  base 
of  cleft,  sometimes  connected  with  spot  at  base  of  cleft  to   form  an 

oblique  patch    3 

Without  such  a  mark;  costa  without  spots  or  first  spot  near  middle  of 
first   lobe    35 

3.  Primaries   lemon   yellow ;    hind   wings   dark.     Expanse   about  24   mm. 

Costal  spot  very  small  some  sulphurcndactyhis 

Primaries  not  lemon  yellow ;  if  yellowish,  expanse  of  insect  less  than 

24  mm  or  with  conspicuous  dark  marks   4 

4.  Gray  or  whitish  species;  posterior  margins  of  at  least  part  of  the  ab- 
dominal segments  with  paired  dorsal  black  dots 5 

Various.      Abdominal    segments    with    single    spots    if   any ;    sometimes 
immaculate  or  with  a  different  pattern  7 

5.  General    appearance   dull    brownish    gray    with    some    white    scales   on 

primaries    inquinaius 

General  appearance  whitish  or  Hght  gray  with  dark  markings 6 

6.  Smaller,  14-18  mm.     Wings  predominantly  greyish  below eras 

Larger,  17-24  mm.     Secondaries  usually  more  or  less  whitish  below. ..  ./>o« 


376 

7.  Ground   color  pure   white.     Mid  tibiae   with   ri   well   developed   median 

ti,  f  t    clliottii 

Ground  color  otherwise  or  mid  tibae  with  only  a  trace  of  the  median 
tuft     S 

8.  Primaries  tawny,  yellowish,  or  grayish  ochreous,  expanse  less  than 
20  mm.  or  with  spot  nt  base  of  cleft  small,  usually  rounded,  and  the 
only  conspicuous  discal  mark.     If  gray  powdered  and  small,  abdomen 

with  dorsal  dots.     Secondaries  not  contrastingly  dark 9 

Not  such  species  !•' 

9.  Fringes  dark  at  apex  of  lobes  of  primaries 10 

Fringes  evenly  colored    some  occidcntalis 

10.  Palpi  with  dark  scales  on  outer  surface 1- 

Palpi   entirely   whitish    11 

11.  Primaries  yellowish.  Expanse  under  18  mm.  Blackish-brown  fringes 
at  tip  of  first  lobe  conspicuous,  apex  of  second  lobe  with  fringes  scarcely 

darkened    tinctus 

Primaries  more  tawny.     Expanse    18-22  mm.     Dark   fringe  at  tips  of 
both  lobes  cocUisc 

12.  Expanse  usually  under  20  mm.     Dark  fringes  at  apex  of   second  lobe 

almost  equally  extensive  on  costal  and  outer  margins some  iobales 

Expanse  usually  well  over  22  mm.     Dark  fringes  of  second  lobe  mostly 

on  costal  margin   some  kclianlhi 

13.  Small  or  moderate  species,  primaries  whitish,  yellowish,  grayish  or  och- 
reous, usually  rather  coarsely  powdered  wMth  dark  scales.  Either  pale, 
without  extensive  and  contrasting  pattern,  or  with  dot  at  base  of  cleft 
the  only  conspicuous  discal  mark.     Mid  tibiae  with  no  more  than  a  trace 

of  median  tuft  1"* 

Not  such  species.     Either  over  25  mm.  expanse,  with  an  evident  median 
tuft  on  mid  tibiae,  or  with  nebulous,  contrasting  gray  brown  marks  on 


prmiarics 


21 


Inner  margin  of  first  lobe  of  primaries  rather  broadly  white,  contrast- 
ing with  the  dark  fringe   intcgratus 

Without  such  a  stripe,  but  sometimes  with  entire  lobe  paler  than  fringe     15 
Secondaries  dark,  primaries  yellowish  with  discal  dot,  varying  to  dark, 
smooth  gray  with  yellowish  subcostal  line  ending  opposite  base  of  cleft. 
This  species  has  no  definite  costal  spot  over  base  of  cleft,  but  the  dark 

shade  at  this  point  sometimes  approximates  a  spot some  corvus 

Not  such  species   lo 

Longer  spur  of  first  pair  on  hind  tibiae  reaching  over  half  way  to  end 

of  joint  1' 

This  spur  reaching  less  than  half  distance  to  end  of  tibia 18 

Primaries  white  with  scattered  brownish  scales cadinus 

Primaries  more  or  less  ochreous  with  dark  brownish  irroration.  discal 

dot   conspicuous    some   iubatcs 

Head  with  a  definite  white  patch  between  antennae 19 

Without  such  a  patch ;  head  evenly  coloured  or  nearly  so 20 


3T7 

19.  Gray.     Spot  contiguous  to  base  of  cleft mcdius 

White,  coarsely  irrorate  with  gray.     Spot  conspicuous,   sliglitly  before 
base  of  cleft   liniis 

20.  Fringes  in  cleft  of  primaries  dark some  arion 

Fringes  not  dark ;  in  general  about  same  shade  as  wing,  with  light  and 
dark  areas   fishii 

21.  Primaries  pure  white  with  variably  extensive  dark  marks,  cloudy  with 

exception  of  oblique  patch.    Median  tibial  tuft  very  slight brucei 

With  strong  median  tuft  on  mid  tibiae  or  not  pure  white 22 

22.  Dorsal  surface  of  abdomen  with  slightly  diverging  light  and  dark 
streaks.  Primaries  with  subcostal  pale  line,  usually  conspicuous,  reach- 
ing costa  on  each  side  of  dark  costal  dot  over  base  of  cleft austcr 

Not  such  species  23 

23.  Ground  color  of  primaries  even  yellowish  white  or  whitish  with  black 
marks,  pattern  simple.    Secondaries  contrastingly  dark.    Western  species    24 
Ground  color  never  tinged  with  yellow,  sometimes  more  or  less  cream 
colored   or  tawny   but   rarely   whitish.      Secondaries   not   conspicuously 
darker   25 

24.  Fringes  in  cleft  of  primaries  very  dark.     Mid  tibiae  with  median  tuft 

castor 

Fringes  of  cleft  pale.     No  tuft   /"oZ/kx 

25.  Slender  winged  gray  insects.  Primaries  finely  powdered  with  brownish 
black  and  white.     Inner  margin  usually  with  an  underlying  brown  shade 

of  variable  extent  grisescens 

Primaries  blackish  brown  or  blackish,  conspicuously  streaked  with  pure 

white    26 

Primaries  creamy   white   to  tawny  brown   with   brown   marks,   if   any. 
Never  extensively   irrorate  with   blackish   scales,  and   with   little  or  no 

white     27 

Not  such  species  29 

26.  Smaller,  expanse  rarely  as  great  as  25  mm.  Front  of  thorax  and  basal 
half  of  patagia  white,  this  shade  definitely  limited  behind.  Palpi  gray- 
brown   above    mcyricki 

Larger,  rarely  as  small  as  25  mm.    White  on  thorax  and  patagia  more 
extensive  and  less  definitely  limited.     Palpi  mostly  white iiihar 

27.  With  a  brown  streak  in  apex  of  second  lobe  of  primaries,  extending 

through    fringe    28 

Without  such  a  streak  some  occidentalis 

28.  Thorax   and   patagia  pale    citrites 

Thorax  and  patagia  pale  in  front  only,  this  area  sharply  limited fieldi 

29.  Fringes  on  inner  margin  of  primaries  neither  white  nor  with  conspicu- 
ous clusters  of  white  scales,  sometimes  with  a  very  faint  cluster  and 

pencil  of  pale  or  whitish  hairs 30 

These  fringes  sometimes  almost  white,  always  with  one  or  more  evi- 
dent clusters  of  white  hairs 33 


378 

Predominating  color  of  primaries  some  pale,  dull  shade  bordering  on 

clay-color     31 

Primaries    very    dark    with    some    whitish    scales;    abdomen    with    two 

heavy  black  dashes   following  pale  terminal  area  of  thorax alaskensis 

Western  species.     Primaries  narrow,  colors  usually  dull  and  contrasts 

slight.     Expanse  over  25  mm 32 

Western.     Primaries  normal,   with  blackish-brown  irroration,  more  or 

less  longitudinally  streaked.     Expanse  under  25  mm gratiosus 

Eastern.  Primaries  normal,  more  or  less  tinged  with  brown  shades 
and  sprinkled  with  dark  brown  scales.     Triangle  at  base  of  cleft  powdery 

dark  brown,  in  sharp  contrast  with  ground  color  cretidactyhis 

Spot  before  cleft  small,  sometimes  preceded  by  some  dark  scales  form- 
ing a  vague  streak,  and  weakly  connected  to  costal  spot.     Ground  color 

of  primaries  even,  scantily  powdered  with  dark  scales rileyi 

Spot  usually  forming  a  dark  triangle  reaching  costa.  Primaries  usually 
somewhat  striate,  due  to  pale  veins.  Dark  powdering  usually  abund- 
ant        cineruceus 

Tarsi  heavily  annulate.     Abdomen  with  two  heavy  black  dashes  above 

on  first  segment   alaskensis 

Fore  and  mid  tarsi  with  a  dark  annulus  about  the  end  of  each  joint, 
broken  on  one   side  on  the   former.     No  heavy  black  dashes  on  first 

abdominal  segment  above  gtittatus 

Fore  and  mid  tarsi  white,  faintly  banded  on  one  side  only  in  the  darkest 


specmiens 


34 


Hind  legs  usually  white,  sometimes  with  faintly  darker  annuli.     Tufts 

of  mid  tibiae  moderate.     Primaries  evenly  pale some  mathewianus 

Hind  legs  with  dark  tenninal  annuli  on  tibiae  and  tarsal  joints.  Tufts 
of  mid  tibiae  large  and  bushy.  In  pale  specimens  the  primaries  are 
conspicuously  lighter  in  costal  portion    eupatorii 

35.  Costal  half  of  primaries  soft  grayish  to  purplish,  blending  into  ochreous 

of  inner  margin.     Expanse  over  25  mm haroni 

Not  such  species   36 

36.  Greatest  width  of  primaries  about  one  sixth  length.  Longest  fringes 
of  second  lobe  exceeding  width  of  lobe.     Mid  tibiae  with  two  weak 

tufts.     Hind  tarsi  usually  with  a  conspicuous  dorsal  crest monodactyhis 

Wings  usually  wider,  with  moderate  fringes.  Crest  on  hind  tibiae 
never  present    37 

i7.     Ground  color  snowy  while.    Mid  tibiae  without  definite  median  tuft....     3S 
Creamy  white  or  darker   , 39 

38.  With  or  without  a  rounded  dark  dot  before  base  of  cleft huinodnctylns 

Witli  an  oblique  mark  before  cleft  at  least  faintly  indicated 

some   9  5   of  fisliii 

39.  Yellowish  with  contrasting  dark  secondaries  to  dull  gray,  the  primaries 
with  a  subcostal  yellowish  line  terminating  opposite  base  of  cleft.  Ex- 
panse  17-20  mm some  corvus 

Sulplnir  \cllovv  with  dark  secondaries;  expanse  24  mm.  or  over 


379 

some  sulphureodactylus 

Not   such   insects    40 

40.  Spot  before  cleft  on  primaries  more  or  less  conspicuously  continued  in 

an  oblique  shade  toward  costa  ■'I 

Spot  usually  rounded,  sometimes  continued  into  a  shade  in  first  lobe, 
sometimes  doubled,  and  sometimes  included  in  a  transverse  dash  or 
lacking    ■  •  •  •     42 

41.  Frinpes  of  primaries  uniformly  tawny some  occidentalis 

Fringes  more  grayish  with  white  hairs  included some  matbcivianus 

42.  Fringes  conspicuously  darker  at  apices  of  lobes  of  primaries 43 

Fringes  not  conspicuously  darker;  if  somewhat  darker,  with  the  tran- 
sition very  gradual  44 

43.  Dot  at  base  of  cleft  on  primaries  "'■''-^ 

Dot  well  before  cleft    some  helmnthi 

44.  Fringes  in  cleft  of  primaries  dark  throughout,  in  contrast  to  wing 45 

Fringes  concolorous  at  least  toward  base  of  cleft,  darker  than  wing 
apically  in  some  species   47 

45.  With  whitish  scales  in  fringes  of  primaries  near  apices  of  lobes 46 

Without  pale  scales;  fringes  uniformly  dark f'hocbus 

46.  Head  evenly  pale  gray some  anon 

With  a  light  band  between  antennae   triton 

47.  Expanse  over  30  mm.  (rarely  dwarfed).     Wings  brownish 48 

Expanse  less  than  30  mm.  or  wings  not  conspicuously  brownish 49 

48.  Terminal   dots    inconspicuous.      Discal   dot   usually   lacking   and    never 

more  than  vaguely  indicated.    Known  only  from  Cal grandis 

Discal  and  tenninal  dots  usually  conspicuous  but  often  at  least  partly 
lacking.  A  dark  basal  dash  usually  present.  Discal  dot  sometimes 
preceded  by  another  nearer  to  inner  margin  which  may  be  the  more 
conspicuous.    Known  only  from  Fla.  to  Tex.  and  Ariz balanotcs 

49.  With  a  dark  dot  near  base  of  cleft  50 

This  dot  usually  absent,  in  some  cases  vaguely  indicated 55 

50.  Discal  dot  before  base  of  cleft  or  terminal  dots  of  second  lobe  lacking     51 
Discal  dot  contiguous  to  base  of  cleft  54 

51.  Terminal  dots  on  second  lobe  well  marked vcnapunctus 

Terminal  dots  rarely  incompletely  indicated,  usually  completely  lacking     52 

52.  Primaries  pale,  whitish  to  luteous,  secondaries  more  grayish.     A  fine 

dark  point  on  inner  margin  of  first  lobe  before  apex lutcoliis 

This  dot  lacking   53 

53.  Wings  tawny,  secondaries  sometimes  tinged  with  gray.... some  occidentalis 
Primaries  variable,  usually  with  a  visibly  darker  shade  from  base  into 
first  lobe.     Secondaries  grayish   palcaccus 

54.  Primaries    usually    more    or    less    tinged    with    clear   yellow.      Usually 
without  terminal  dots  but  sometimes  with  one  in  apex  of  second  lobe 

strauiincus 

Primaries  with  no  trace  of  clear  yellow.  Terminal  spots  on  both  lobes 
more  or  less  evident,  sometimes  conspicuous kellicottii 


380 

55.  Outer  margin  of  primaries  with  dark  dots,  sometimes  continued  inward 

along  veins  and  sometimes  scarcely  evident lacteodactylus 

Veins  sometimes  dark  on  inner  half  of  wing  but  not  conspicuously 
darker  at  outer  margin 56 

56.  Primaries  strongly  grayish   57 

Primaries  whitish  to  yellowish,  sometimes  with  dark  shades  but  not 
conspicuously  gray   61 

57.  Costa  of  primaries  narrowly  yellowish 58 

Costa  not  yellowish   59 

58.  Expanse  25  mm.  or  less.     Second  lobe  of  primaries  with  the  veins  dark 

e.xcept  in  the  darker  specimens  perditus 

Expanse  28  mm.  or  over.  Second  lobe  with  the  veins  not  dark-lined.. 
costatus 

59.  Ground  color  of  primaries  of  mixed  gray  and  whitish  scales 60 

Ground  color  otherwise,  usually  tinged  witli  yellow some  iuconditus 

60.  Part  of  veins  dark-lined  7'arius 

Color  even.     See  notes  on  varius  some  falsus 

61.  Veins  of  second  lobe  of  primaries  at  least  partly  dark-lined  on  upper 

or  both  surfaces   62 

Veins  not  dark  lined   64 

62.  Expanse  15  mm.  Fla.     Known  only  from  type  9 unicolor 

Expanse  20  mm.  or  over   63 

63.  Primaries  usually  somewhat  yellowish  with  dark  shade  of  a  brownish 
hue.     Dark   lining   of   veins   in   lobes   usually   inconspicuous.     Tips  of 

fringes   usually   about   as   dark   as   primaries    cafalinac 

Primaries  usually  paler  with  the  shade  less  conspicuous  and  the  dark 
lined  veins  conspicuous  at  least  in  the  second  lobe.  (Some  specimens 
cannot   be   separated    from    catuliiiac  by    superfical    characters) ...  .co«rfc//i 

64.  Primaries  yellowish  with  costal  area  darker.  Secondaries  grayish,  usu- 
ally conspicuously  dark.  Palpi  long,  distinctly  exceeding  greatest  diam- 
eter of  eye  sercnus 

Not  such  species.  Length  of  palpi  less  than  or  equal  to  greatest  diam- 
eter of  eye    65 

65.  Primaries  ochreous-whitish  with  a  pale  red-brown  shade  running  from 
costa  at  middle  of  first  lobe  inward  and  basad  as  far  as  middle  of  cell 
in  well  marked  specimens.  Under  surface  but  slightly  infuscated  to- 
ward base  subochraceus 

Shade  extending  basad  along  costa  or  more  grayish,  sometimes  absent    66 

66.  Head,   thorax   and    abdomen   chalky   white.    (Most    specimens    require 

degreasing  to  show  their  tnie  color)   some  falsus 

These  parts  more  or  less  yellowish  or  creamy 67 

67.  Expanse  rarely  as  great  as  22  mm.     Primaries  pale,  usually  more  or  less 

yellowish   some  incoitditus 

Expanse  usually  over  24  mm.  Primaries  cream-colored  with  a  faint 
subcostal  shade  of  dull  brown   auslralis 


381 

1.     OiDAEMATOPHORUS  occiDENTALis  Walsingliam.     PI.  XLV,  fig.  7, 
8.     PI.  LI,  fig.  1. 

Oedematophorus  occidcntalis  VValsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  i7,  pi.  II,  ff.  13,  14, 
1880. 

Dimmock,   Psyche   III,  403,   1882. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35,  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889. 
jAlucita  cretidactyla  Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891   (in  part). 
\Pterophorus  cretidactylus  Dyar  (not  Fitch),  Psyche  VIII,  250,  1898  (biol.). 

Fernald,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902  "(in  part). 

Dyar,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  V,  228,  1903. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913   (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917  (in  part). 
Stcnoptilia  californica  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  321,  1908. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars   17,  30,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  creamy  white  to  dull  tawny-brown  ;  head  with 
a  pale  patch  between  antennae,  otherwise  the  darkest  part ;  thorax  paler  behind, 
with  whitish  lateral  stripes;  abdomen  laterally  darker  near  middle.  Antennae 
with  brown  dots  above.  Palpi  rather  small,  oblique,  whitish  below  at  base; 
second  joint  thickened,  white  tipped.  Legs  whitish  with  more  or  less  evident 
bands  at  tips  of  joints,  lacking  in  very  pale  specimens.  Front  tibiae  with  a 
heavy  double  tuft  of  brown  scales  in  terminal  half,  mid-tibiae  with  heavy  median 
and  terminal  tufts  of  the  same  color.  Inner  spur  of  median  pair  on  hind 
tibiae  almost  twice  as  long  as  outer. 

Primaries  concolorous  with  thorax,  normally  with  a  heavy  brown  costal 
mark  over  base  of  cleft,  preceded  and  followed  by  a  few  whitish  scales.  This 
patch  is  connected  with  a  small  brown  triangular  shade  before  cleft.  The  wing 
is  marked  with  cloudy  brown  areas  and  the  first  lobe  is  light  brown,  but  these 
areas  are  not  conspicuously  powdery,  due  to  the  lack  of  contrast  between  the 
brown  scales  and  tawny  ground  color.  Fringes  even  tawny-gray.  Secondaries 
brownish,  shining,  with  paler  fringes. 

The  species  is  extremely  variable,  tlie  primaries  being  creamy-white  in 
some  specimens  with  only  the  oblique  shade  before  the  cleft  evident,  and  some- 
times without  the  costal  dash.  One  which  we  include  here  has  tawny-brown 
primaries  with  no  definite  mark  but  otherwise  shows  the  characters  of  this 
species.  Normal  series  .show  a  wide  range  of  variation  of  the  ordinary  markings. 
Expanse  26-29  mm. 

Distribution:     B.  C,  Ca!.,  Ariz.,  Utah,  June  to  Sept. 

The  type  series  of  occidcntalis  was  taken  in  Colusa,  Shasta  and 
Siskiyou  Co.,  Cal.,  in  July  and  Aug.  Four  of  the  "types"  are  in  the 
Fernald  collection.  Grinnell's  series  of  californica,  now  in  the  South- 
west Museimi,  contains  specimens  from  the  San  Bernardino  Mts.  and 


382 

Pasadena.  There  is  no  doubt  that  these  are  the  same  as  VValsingham's 
species  and  not  a  Stenoptilia,  as  described. 

We  are  unable  to  agree  with  the  commonly  accepted  placing  of 
this  name  as  a  synonym  of  cretidactylus.  It  is  difficult  to  point  out 
single  characters  to  separate  the  two,  yet  they  are  very  distinct  in 
general  appearance.  The  dark  markings  of  the  primaries  in  occidcn- 
talis  are  not  distinctly  powdery,  these  wings  are  slightly  narrower, 
their  color  is  much  more  brown  or  tawny,  and,  as  noted,  the  first  pair 
of  spurs  on  the  hind  tibiae  show  a  greater  difference  in  length.  The 
genitalia  of  the  two  species  are  rather  similar.  Since  this  species 
appears  to  be  confined  to  the  western  states,  and  cretidactylus  to  the 
east,  little  difficulty  should  be  encountered  in  separating  them. 

Basing  our  judgment  on  the  food  plant  and  locality  we  have  no 
doubt  that  Dyar's  larvae  described  as  cretidactylus  belonged  to  this 
species.     His  description  is  as  follows : 

"Head  rounded,  higher  than  wide,  partly  retracted ;  green,  ocelli  black. 
Body  a  little  thickest  in  the  middle,  miiform  green  with  a  whitish  dorsal  line. 
Warts  round,  concolorous,  i  and  ii  near  each  other  but  separate,  a  small  wart 
(iii  a)  below  and  beiiind  iii ;  another  (iii  b)  behind  iv+v,  vi  and  vii  not  large. 
Feet  noniial,  the  abdominal  ones  slender,  wider  at  the  claspers. 

"Pupa  suspended  by  the  cremaster,  slender;  cases  projecting  over  the 
abdomen  half  way  to  the  tip.  Uniformly  green,  covered  with  tufts  of  sparse 
radiating  hairs,  arranged  roughly  as  in  the  larvae.  Length  11  mm.,  width  2.5 
mm.  On  Aster,  Yosemite,  Cal.  June."  In  a  footnote  it  is  stated  that  the  food 
plant  was  not  identified  with  certainty. 

Walsingham  notes  that  one  specimen  in  the  t\pe  series  was  reared  from 
the  leaves  of  "a  species  of  sunflower". 

2.       OlDAEMATOPHORUS    CRETIDACTYLUS    Fitcll,    PI.    XLV,    fig.     13.       PI. 

LI,  fig.  2. 

Picrophonis  cretidactylus  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Apr.  Soc.  XIV,  849,  1854. 

Id.,  1st  Kept.  Ent.  N.  Y.  145,  1854. 

Morris.  Cat.  Lep.  N.  A.  54,  1860. 

Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  940,  1864. 

Femald,  Pter.  N.  A.  52.  pi.  VI,  ff.  9,  10,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  .52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902  (in  part). 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913  (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917  (in  part). 

Britton,   Ins.   Conn.   103,   1920. 
Ocdemalophorus  gypsodactylus  Walsingham.  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  35,  footnote,  1880. 
XAlucita  crelidactyla.  Femald,  Smith's,  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891   (in  part). 
iPtcroplwrus  cretidactylus  Grinncll,  Can.   Ent,  XL,  319,   1908. 


383 

Brownish  or  creamy-white.  Head  brown  except  between  antennae.  An- 
tennae with  brown  dots  above.  Palpi  rather  short,  brown  on  sides.  Legs 
whitish,  front  and  middle  femora  brown  inside ;  fore  tibiae  with  heavy  double 
brown  tuft  as  in  occidentalis,  mid  tibiae  with  two  tufts.  Hind  legs  entirely 
whitish,  scarcely  touched  with  brown  along  tibia,  at  bases  of  spurs,  on  their 
tips,  and  in  dark  specimens  on  tarsi,  never  conspicuously  banded.  Inner  spur 
of  median  pair  much  less  than  twice  as  long  as  outer.  Abdomen  brownish  at 
sides. 

Primaries  brownish  white  with  a  variable  sprinkling  of  dull  brown  scales 
darkening  the  first  lobe,  apex  of  second,  inner  margin  and  patches  of  discal  area. 
A  dark  brown  costal  dash  over  base  of  cleft  is  incompletely  connected  with  a 
similar  oblicjue,  roughly  triangular  mark  before  cleft.  All  dark  areas  with  the 
rather  rough  powdering  of  dark  scales  evident.  Fringes  pale  ochreous  gray, 
sometimes  with  a  slight  pale  area  before  apex  of  first  lobe  in  cleft  but  without 
definite  pale  pencils.  Secondaries  gray-brown,  shining;  fringes  cnncolorous. 
Expanse  22-2S  mm. 

Distribution  :  Described  from  N.  Y.  We  have  a  small  series  from 
Essex  Co.  Park,  N.  J.,  June  and  July  (Kearfott). 

The  type  of  crctidactyliis  is  among  Fitch's  specimens  in  the  Fer- 
nald  collection.  It  is  a  9  in  fair  condition,  rather  faded,  and  bears 
no  type  label  beyond  the  general  label  applied  to  this  group  of  speci- 
mens. 

As  mentioned  under  occidentalis,  it  is  not  easy  to  point  out  definite 
differences  between  these  two  species,  though  they  seem  very  distinct. 
The  whiter  ground  color,  more  roughly  powdered  dark  areas,  and 
relative  lengths  of  the  median  spurs  of  the  hind  tibiae  distinguish 
cretidactyhis,  in  our  judgment.  The  primaries  are  relatively  broader, 
but  the  difference  is  too  slight  for  actual  measurement.  A  reference 
to  the  figures  will  show  this  distinction.  We  have  seen  no  western 
specimens,  and  feel  that  all  such  records  undoubtedly  deal  with  occi- 
dentalis. 

;\lthough  two  accounts  of  early  stages  have  been  published  under 
the  name  we  are  still  in  ignorance  of  the  life  history  of  the  true  creti- 
dactylus. 

3.       OlDAEMATOPHORlIS   M.\THEWfIANUS   Zcllcr.       PI.    XLV.    fig.    14.       PI. 

LI,  fig.  3. 

Lcioftitns  inalhcunanus  Zellcr,  Verb.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien.  XXIV,  445,  pi.  Xll,  f.  13. 

1874. 
xAhicila  mathnviaim  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 


384 

Pteropliorus  mathnviamis  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  45,   1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  50,  19CW. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,   16,   1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  23,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Pteropliorus  gorgotiicnsis  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  318,  1908. 

Meyrick,  Wa.ener's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Ptcrofhorus  hilda  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  320,   1908. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars   17,  25,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Head  and  body  white,  frequently  light  brown,  probably  due  to  stain.  Head 
usually  with  an  evident  pale  patch  between  antennae,  brownish  above  and  in 
front.  Antennae  with  brown  dots  above.  Palpi  short,  oblique,  brown  speckled, 
usually  mostly  brown  on  sides.  Legs  white ;  front  tibiae  with  a  large  brown 
scale  tuft,  tarsi  with  slight  brown  annuli  at  ends  of  joints,  marked  only  on  one 
side;  mid  tibiae  with  two  heavy  brown  tufts,  tarsi  as  in  fore  legs;  hind  le.gs 
white,  in  dark  specimens  somewhat  brownish  before  first  spurs  and  with  brown 
at  bases  of  spurs.     Abdomen  sometimes  with  dorsal  dots,  often  immaculate. 

Primaries  white  with  variably  extensive  lawny  brown  shades,  usually 
confined  to  inner  half  but  sometimes  encroaching  on  first  lobe.  Costa  with 
scattered  dark  brown  scales  forming  a  long  spot  over  base  of  cleft  and  two 
dots  beyond.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  white  area,  and  this  by  a  dark  brown  spot 
or  dash  continued  obliquely  to  costal  spot  by  a  light  brown  shade.  There  is 
sometimes  a  dark  dot  near  middle  of  cell  and  some  scattered  patches  of  dark 
brown  irroration.  Inner  margin  of  first  lobe  with  a  brown  dot  before  apex, 
followed  by  a  white  pencil  in  the  fringe.  Second  lobe  with  such  a  dot  in 
apex  preceded  by  two  in  outer  margin  which  mark  the  limits  of  a  while  area 
in  the  fringes.  This  is  preceded  by  a  white  pencil  at  some  distance.  Other- 
wise the  frinp;es  arc  liglit  brownish  gray  with  some  white  hairs.  Secondaries 
brownish  gray,  fringes  similar.     Expanse  21-27  mm. 

Tlic  valves  of  the  i  genitalia  appear  to  lack  the  long  tufts  of  hair 
on  their  outer  surface,  such  as  are  present  in  eupatoru. 

Dislrilnition :  Type  localit}'  \^ancouver  Is..  B.  C.  to  S.  Cal.  July 
and  Aug.     Colo.?    Me.?    N.  M.? 

\A''e  sent  specitneiis  to  Mr.  Meyrick  as  gutiatiis  Wlsni.  and  he 
returned  them  with  the  note  that  he  could  see  no  reliable  distinction 
hetween  them  and  Zellcr's  four  types  of  viatheivianns,  in  poor  condi- 
tion, in  the  British  Museum.  The  apparent  confusion  of  the  two 
species  is  discussed  in  detail  under  the  former.  The  type  series  of 
hilihi  and  norgotiiciisis  Grinnell,  both  from  S.  Cal.,  contain  numerous 


385 

specimens  of  fishii  Fern.,  but  the  types  appear  to  be  small  pale 
examples  of  mathezvianus.  The  genitalia  of  similar  specimens  cor- 
roborate this. 

The  species  is  very  variable  in  all  features,  but  its  generally  pale 
appearance,  with  more  or  less  pure  white  on  the  primaries,  separates 
it  from  the  allied  forms.  The  two  specimens  from  Colo,  and  Sebec 
Lake,  Me.,  which  we  refer  to  it  are  extremely  pale.  That  from  Colo, 
is  white  with  brown  irrorations,  and  that  from  Maine  somewhat 
darker  and  with  a  trace  of  brownish  shades  in  addition  to  the  irrora- 
tions. We  are  unable  to  place  these  specimens  elsewhere,  and  in  all 
essential  features  they  agree  with  mathewiamts.  Both  are  males,  so 
we  have  the  additional  evidence  of  genitalia  to  verify  the  identifica- 
tion. There  is  one  lightly  marked  and  faded  specimen  in  the  National 
Museum  from  Beulah,  N.  ?il.,  8000  ft.,  which  we  think  belongs  here. 

The  life  history  is  unknown. 

4.     OiDAEMATOPHORU.s  EUPATORii  FernaUl,  PI.  XLV,  fig.  15.     Fl.  LL 
fig.  4. 

Alucita  cupatorii  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891  (in  part). 

Id.,  Can.  Em.  XXV,  96,  1893   (in  part). 
Pterophorus  cupatorii  id.,  Pter.  N.  A.  52,  pi.  V,  II.  IS,  16,  1898  (in  part). 

Dyar,  Psyche  VIII,  250,  1898  (biol.). 

Fernald,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902   (in  part). 

Meyrick.  Gen.   Ins.   C,   17,   1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  86,  1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars   17.  25,   1913    (in  part). 

?  Walsingham,  biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Hct.  IV,  444,  1915   (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnoiigh,  Check  List  151,  1917  (in  part). 

McDunnough,  Can.  Ent.  LIT,  92,  pi.  II,  f.  4,  1920  (biol.). 
Head  whitish  between  antennae,  tinged  with  brown  in  front  and  above; 
sometimes  darker.  Thorax  whitish  with  a  brown  band,  including  tips  of  pata- 
gia ;  sometimes  suffused  with  brownish.  Abdomen  whitish  with  brown  on  sides 
and  across  fifth  segment,  to  ochreous  witli  scattered  brown  scales,  a  few  dorsal 
dots,  and  much  darker  brown  areas;  vestiture  roughened  on  hind  margins  of 
segments  in  posterior  half.  Antennae  dotted  with  brown  above.  Palpi  brown 
on  sides ;  moderate,  slender,  oblique  with  third  joint  porrect.  Legs  with  heavier 
tufts  on  fore  and  mid  tibiae  than  in  the  foregoing  species.  Front  and  middle 
tarsi  white  without  brown  scales  except  a  trace  in  the  darkest  specimens.  Hind 
legs  whitish  or  suffused  with  brown,  variably  annulate  with  brown  at  bases 
of  spurs  and  tips  of  tarsal  joints. 

Primaries  with  costal  area  usually  whitish,  always  paler  than  inner  part. 
Inner  half  of  wing  with  dull  brown  shades,  the  veins  with  paler,  often  whitish, 


386 

lines  in  second  lobe,  A  small  blackish  oblique  spot  similar  to  that  in  mathcw- 
ianus  occurs  before  cleft,  continued  toward  costal  spot  by  a  light  brown  shade. 
Costa  marked  with  a  faint  shade  at  middle,  a  long  blackish  spot  above  base  of 
cleft  and  two  beyond,  the  outer  larger  and  continued  into  a  white  patch  in 
the  fringes.  Apex  of  first  lobe  with  a  black  dash,  preceded  by  another  on 
inner  margin,  the  two  connected  in  dark  specimens.  Inner  lobe  with  black 
dot  at  apex  and  two  on  outer  margin,  the  outer  followed  by  a  white  pencil  in 
the  fringes  and  the  inner  by  a  broader  white  cluster.  Fringes  otherwise  gray- 
brown.  The  white  areas  have  a  variable  number  of  blackish  basal  scales.  En- 
tire wing  more  or  less  heavily  irrorate  with  blackish  scales  which  tend  to  fonn 
longitudinal  lines.  Secondaries  gray-brown  with  concolorous  fringes.  Expanse 
23-25  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  are  provided  with  a  heavy  tuft  of  long  hairs 
on  the  outside  of  each  valve.  Otherwise  they  are  rather  .similar  to 
those  of  the  preceding  species. 

Distribution:  Que.  to  Man.  and  W.  la.,  south  to  N.  J.  and  III. 
June  and  July. 

Fcrnald's  types  arc  four  specimens  from  New  York,  one  S  ,  two 
9  and  a  broken  specimen. 

We  have  seen  no  western  specimens  which  we  regarded  as  true 
eiipatorii,  and  so  feel  that  Walsingham's  records  in  the  Biologia, 
Zeller's  western  "crcttdactylus"  and  later  references  pertaining  to  the 
latter  probably  concern  other  species.  Its  possible  relation  to  the 
allied  western  species  as  treated  in  the  literature  is  discussed  under 
guttatns. 

The  species  may  be  recognized  most  readily  by  the  tarsi,  but 
average  specimens  are  conspicuous  in  that  the  costal  and  inner  areas 
of  the  primaries  are  in  such  sharp  contrast.  Very  dark  specimens, 
of  which  we  have  several  from  Maine  and  Quebec,  are  much  like 
guttatns  in  appearance. 

The  larvae  feed  on  Rufator'uim,  and  are  gregarious.  They  occiu" 
in  considerable  numbers  on  the  terminal  shoots  of  the  plants,  which 
they  render  conspicuous  by  their  mutilations  of  the  leaves  and  moder- 
ately extensive  spinning.  We  have  selected  Dr.  McDunnougli's  ac- 
count in  the  Canadian  Entomologist  to  quote.  Preserved  specimens  in 
our  possession  agree  very  well  with  his  description  of  both  larva  and 
pupa. 

"Larva  (full  grown). — Head  pale  reddish  ochre.  Body  pale  green,  be- 
coming dorsally  broadly  suffused  with  purple-red  when  fully  developed ;  a  nar- 
row   ochreous   dorsal    stripe    slightly   broken    centrally   on    each    segment    by   a 


__387 

triangular  green  dot;  traces  of  a  broad  pale  subdorsal  band  crossiiiR  tubercles 
I  and  II;  a  narrow  lateral  line  midway  between  tubercles  I  and  III,  bent  down- 
ward posteriorly ;  a  broken  spiracular  line.  Tlie  principal  setae  from  tubercles 
I-III  arc  blackish,  very  slightly  spiculate,  long  and  subequal.  On  the  abdom- 
inal segments  tubercles  I  and  II  are  in  line,  bearing  two  shorter  anterior  hairs, 
the  latter  with  two  similar  posterior  ones  and  two  very  minute  ones  situated 
one  posteriorly  and  one  anteriorly.  Tubercle  III  bears  two  long  black  setae 
and  one  or  two  short  white  hairs.  Behind  the  spiracle  on  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  segment  is  a  minute  white  hair.  Tubercle  IV  +  V  bears  five  long 
central  white  hairs  and  about  the  same  number  of  shorter  ones  arranged  as 
a  rosette  around  the  central  hairs;  two  short  white  hairs  directed  backward 
are  found  posterior  to  this  tubercle;  VI  is  very  similar  in  arrangement  of 
setae  to  IV  +  V  and  VII  is  as  usual  represented  by  several  hairs  at  base  of 
prolegs.  On  the  prothorax  a  fringe  of  white  hairs  overhangs  the  head;  be- 
hind this  is  a  row  of  five  black  hairs  and  behind  this  row  again  are  six  black 
hairs  arising  from  three  tubercles,  the  middle  one  of  which  is  centrodorsal.  On 
the  meso-  and  metathoracic  segments  tubercle  I  +  II  bears  five  long  black 
hairs,  and  two  or  three  short  anterior  white  ones;  posterior  to  this  group  are 
two  short  white  hairs  arising  from  a  small  tubercle;  tubercle  III  has  two  long 
black  hairs  and  several  shorter  white  ones.    Length  13  mm. 

"Dr.  Dyar's  statement  (Psyche,  VIII,  p.  250)  that  cupalorii  larvae  feed 
on  the  underside  of  the  leaf,  concealed,  whereas  eU'wtti  larvae  feed  exposed  on 
the  upper  side,  was  not  verified,  by  my  observations ;  both  species  may  be  taken 
on  either  the  upper  or  underside  of  the  leaf,  a  favourite  place  being  among  the 
terminal  half-opened  leaf-buds. 

"Pupa  (Fig.  4).^Apple  green  with  purple-red  suffusion  each  side  of  a 
pale  centro-dorsal  stripe;  the  lateral  portions  below  the  subdorsal  ridge  prom- 
inently purple-red  with  two  oblique  pale  lateral  lines  and  a  similar  spiracular 
one.  Subdorsal  and  subspiracular  flanges  well-developed.  Wing  sheaths  with 
lateral  fringe  of  hair  and  further  rows  of  short  hair  along  the  antenna!  and 
leg  sheaths  as  in  elliotti.  Tubercles  I  and  II  on  abdominal  segments  each  with 
five  or  six  finely  spiculate  white  hairs,  arranged  more  or  less  longitudinally, 
the  central  hair  being  longest.  Dorsad  to  tubercle  II  is  a  single  minute  hair; 
on  the  first  three  abdominal  segments  dorsally  is  a  small  tuft  of  short  hair 
anterior  to  tubercle  1.  Tubercle  III,  situated  on  anterior  portion  of  the  lower 
lateral  stripe,  bears  only  a  single  short  white  seta;  posterior  to  it  are  two 
short  hairs  near  rear  portion  of  segment  and  arranged  in  line  parallel  to  the 
segmental  incision.  Tubercle  IV  +  V,  situated  on  the  lateral  flanges,  is  prom- 
inent, with  about  twelve  long  white  spiculate  hairs,  and  immediately  anterior 
to  it  and  close  to  the  spiracle  are  two  minute  hairs  arising  from  a  small 
tubercle.  Tubercles  IV  and  VII  are  each  represented  by  a  iouple  of  short 
hairs.  The  thoracic  segments  show  the  usual  modifications  in  respect  to  the 
number  of  tubercular  setae." 


388 

5.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  GUTTATUS  Walsinghani.    PI.  XLV,  fig.  16.    PI. 
LI,  fig.  5. 

■fOcdewatopliorus  cretidactylus  Zeller  (not  Fitch),  Verb.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien,  XXIV, 
444,  1874. 

Walsinghani,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  35,   1880. 
Ocdcmatophorus  guttattis  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  36,  pi.  II,  f.  12,  1880. 
XAlucita  guttata  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Ptcrophorus  guitatus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  53,  pi.  IX,  ff.  12,  13,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,   17,   1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
The  description  of  matheiaianus  applies  equally  well  to  yuttatus  as  re- 
gards pattern.  The  dark  markings  in  guttatus,  however,  are  all  of  a  deeper 
shade  and  therefore  in  much  greater  contrast  with  the  white  areas,  and  are 
rather  conspicuously  sprinkled  with  blackish  scales  on  the  primaries.  This 
iroration  tends  to  form  longitudinal  streaks.  The  legs  differ  from  the  two 
preceding  species  in  that  the  tarsi  are  provided  with  well  marked,  though  often 
broken,  brown  annuli.  The  abdomen  is  much  like  that  of  cupatorii  but  has 
the  transverse  brown  shade  less  conspicuous  and  the  dorsal  dots  more  numer- 
ous, in  the  form  of  a  row  of  median  tufts  of  brown  scales,  the  largest  on  the 
fourth  segment  and  the  others  decreasing  in  size  away  from  it.  Expanse 
23-25  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  differ  from  those  of  cupatorii  in  the  absence 
of  tufts  from  the  outside  of  the  valves  and  from  those  of  mathciinanus 
in  the  form  of  the  left  harpe,  which  appears  to  be  constantly  different. 

Distribution :  Type  locality  Pit  River,  Cal.  We  have  the  species 
from  the  San  Bernardino  and  San  Gabriel  Mts.,  Cal.,  June  and  July, 
and  Colo,  and  Utah,  July.  A  specimen  in  the  Cambridge  Museum 
from  Phoenix,  Ariz.,  appears  to  belong  here. 

In  general  appearance  the  species  might  be  confused  with  dark 
specimens  of  either  7natlu-zi.<ianiis  or  cupatorii,  but  such  cases  should 
be  relatively  few.  The  tarsi  and  abdomen  are  excellent  distinguishing 
features,  and  the  nine  slides  which  we  have  inade  of  the  genitalia 
of  the  three  species  indicate  differences  which  may  rasonably  be  re- 
garded as  constant. 

The  confusion  in  the  literature  regarding  cretidactylus  and  cupa- 
torii, and  our  own  confusion  of  guttatus  and  mathcwianus  has  led  to 
a  very  careful  study  of  these  species  with  the  results  as  presented  here. 
In  the  first  place  it  is  generally  agreed  that  Zcller's  cretidactylus  was 
not  that  of  Fitch,  and  since  it  came  from  \'ancouver  Is.  it  is  a  safe 


389 

premise  that  it  was  one  of  the  allied  western  species.  Our  researches 
have  led  us  to  believe  that  cupatorii  is  not  western,  hence  we  have  only 
two  species,  mathcivianus  and  gnttains  which  can  be  crctidactylus  Zell. 
For  the  same  reason  true  guttatus  can  hardly  be  cupatorii,  as  placed  in 
the  Walsingham  collection.  Zeller  identified  his  conception  of  Fitch's 
species  from  Walsinghani's  material,  and  we  should  be  inclined  to 
believe  that  he  was  capable  of  separating  it  properly  from  his  own 
mathczi'ianus.  At  the  same  time  it  seems  unlikely  that  Walsingham 
would  have  faileil  to  recognize  it  as  conspecific  with  his  guttatus  if 
such  were  the  case.  Apparently  then  there  is  a  third  species  from  the 
west  which  we  do  not  know,  or  one  of  the  two  men  was  confused  by 
the  variation  of  the  species,  which  seems  the  more  likely.  As  to  the 
actual  identify  of  guttatus,  we  first  regarded  mathczi'ianus  as  this  spe- 
cies. Meyrick  corrected  us  in  this,  and  noted  that  the  types  of  Guttatus 
in  the  Walsingham  collection  were  placed  in  the  series  of  cupatorii. 
Later  we  were  able  to  examine  three  paratypes  of  guttatus  in  the  Fer- 
nald  collection,  and  at  first  thought  them  to  be  a  true  mathczvianus.  A 
more  careful  examination  convinces  us  that  they  are  pale  and  rather 
faded  specimens  of  what  we  now  call  guttatus,  so  it  seems  likely  that 
Walsingham  had  a  variable  series  of  this  species  under  two  names, 
crctidactylus  and  guttatus,  and  we  place  the  references  accordingly. 
On  the  other  hand,  Walsingham"s  mention  of  crctidactylus  Zell.  as  a 
pale  form  of  grisescens  suggests  mathezvianus  rather  than  guttatus. 
Unfortunately  the  abdomens  of  the  paratypes  in  coll.  Fernald  arc 
lacking,  so  we  are  unal)le  to  eramine  either  the  genitalic  structure 
or  the  abdominal  markings.  Fernald's  figures  of  the  genitalia  do  not 
show  the  distinctive  structure,  viz.,  the  left  harpe. 
The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

6.   OlDAEMATOPHORUS  ALA.SKENSIS  n.  sp.   PI.  XLV,  fig.  17.   PI.  LI, 

fig.  6. 

Alaslccn.ns  is  almost  identical  in  pattern  with  guttatus,  but  is  extremely 
dark.  The  description  of  matliewianus  will  therefore  apply  to  the  body  and 
wings,  but  the  parts  mentioned  as  whitish  are  brownish,  and  the  white  is  lim- 
ited to  a  thin  superficial  scaling  over  the  paler  areas.  The  fringes  have  only 
a  pale  pencil  on  each  lobe  before  apex  in  place  of  the  extensive  white  areas. 
The  abdomen  has  dorsal  tufts  as  in  guttatus,  but  less  prominent,  and  on  the 
first  segment  has  two  heavy  black  dashes  following  the  white  terminal  area  of 
the  thorax.  The  tarsi  are  heavily  annulate  with  brown  and  the  hind  tibiae 
are  brown  with  two  pale  annuli.     Expanse  26-28  mm. 


390 

The  male  genitalia  have  well  developed  tufts  on  the  outer  surface  of  the 
valves,  and  other  features  as  well  indicate  closer  relationship  to  eupatorii  than 
to  gutlatus. 

Holotype   S ,  Ramparts,  Alaska,  July  17,  1916,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23472. 

Paratypc    $    Ruby,  Alaska,  July  22,  1916,  coll.  Barnes. 

This  species  cannot,  for  various  reasons,  be  involved  in  the  con- 
fusion attending  those  preceding  it. 

7.     OiDAEMATOPiiORUs  GRiSESCENs  Walsingham.     PI.  XLVII,  fig.  13. 
PI.  LIV,  fig.  4. 

Oedematophorus  griscsceus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  34,  pi.  11,   f.   11,   1880. 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  403,   1882. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  136,  1889. 
Alucita  grisescens  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Ptcrophorus  grisescens  Femald,  Pter.  N.  A.  55,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  V,  228,  1903. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,   17,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.-Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  446,  1915. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Pterophorus  acrias  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.   Soc.  Lond.  500,   1908. 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.   Cat.  pars   17,  25,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   151,   1917. 
Ptcrophorus  behrii  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  319,  1908. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars   17,  25,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Head  clothed  with  gray-tipped  white  scales,  white  between  antennae.  An- 
tennae with  brown  bars  above.  Palpi  short,  oblique,  each  joint  white-tipped. 
Thorax  similar  to  head,  dark  tips  of  scales  forming  a  band  across  thorax  and 
tips  of  patagia.  Abdomen  mostly  white  above  and  below,  varying  to  light  gray; 
in  brighter  specimens  with  parallel  black  dashes  above.  Hind  margins  of  seg- 
ments with  brown  tipped  scale  tufts,  forming  the  points  of  V-shaped  brown 
marks  on  fourth  and  fifth  segments;  sides  brownish.  Legs  white,  fore  and 
mid  tibiae  with  conspicuous  blackish  tufts;  tarsi  variably  annulate  with  dark 
brown. 

Primaries  narrow,  heavily  sprinkled  with  white  and  with  some  scattered 
blackish  scales.  Ground  color  of  inner  half  brown,  of  costal  half  apparently 
gray  brown,  the  scales  tipped  with  white,  but  this  area  of  the  wing  is  grayish 
white  because  of  the  predominating  white  scales  in  most  specimens.  Costa 
with  a  gray-brown  dash  over  base  of  cleft  and  two  spots  beyond.  Cell  pre- 
ceded by  a  white  patch  and  this  by  a  small  blackish  spot  curving  forward  to- 
ward costal  dash  in  slender  line.  Remainder  of  wing  with  variable  vague 
streaking  and  spotting  of  gray  and  white.     First  lobe  with  a  black  dot  before 


391 

apex  followed  by  a  white  pencil  in  the  fringes ;  second  with  two  vague  outer 
marginal  dots.  Fringes  brownish  gray  with  a  very  variable  mixture  of  white 
hairs,   usually  most  numerous  on  second  lobe.     Expanse  23-30  mm. 

Distribution:  B.  C.  (June)  through  Colo,  and  Cal.,  (June  to 
Sept.)  to  Ariz.  (May  to  Sept.)  and  southward.  Type  localities:  grisc- 
sccns,  Rogue  R..  S.  Ore.,  acrias,  Colo. ;  bchri'i.  San  Bernadino  Mts., 
Cal. 

From  Meyrick's  comparisons  and  our  own  examination  of  the 
types  of  behrii  we  are  satisfied  that  the  above  synonymy  is  correct. 
We  know  no  species  which  can  be  confused  with  this.  Two  of  Wal- 
singham's  types  are  in  the  Fernald  collection. 

Aside  from  Walsingham's  note  that  the  eight  specimens  of  the 
type  series  were  reared  from  Artemisia  sp.  in  May,  we  know  nothing 
of  the  early  stages. 

8.      OlDAEMATOPKPRUS  CINERACEUS  Fish.      PI.   XLV,  fig.  9,   10. 

Oedematophorus  cineraceus  Fish,  Can.  Ent.  XIII,  73,  1881. 

Oedematophorus  lugubris  Fish,  op.  cit.  140,  1881. 

XAhicita  cineracea  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 

Alttcita  lugubris  Fernald,  loc.  cit. 

Pterophorus  cineraceus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  54,  pi.  V,  ff.  5,  6,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  N.  446,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,   1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  23,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Pterophorus  lugubris  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  55,  pi.  IV,  ff.  12,  13,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.   Ins.  C,   16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  23,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Brownish  white  to  grayish,  often  darker  toward  the  costa ;  head  tinged 
with  brown  above  and  in  front,  thorax  usually  darker  across  lips  of  patagia 
and  abdomen  sometimes  darker  except  a  dorsal  band  containing  central  dark 
dots  and  slender  black  dashes  in  terminal  half;  scales  raised  at  posterior  mar- 
gins of  segments.  Fore  and  mid  tibiae  tufted.  Tarsi  with  dark  annuli,  very 
variable  in  extent  and  shade  and  sometimes  lacking.  Antennae  with  or  without 
dark  dots  above.    Palpi  short,  oblique. 

Primaries  rather  slender,  lutenous  to  brownish  white.  Veins  in  lobes 
and  radial  stein  frequently  pale.  There  is  a  variable  irroration  of  blackish 
scales  which  tends  to  collect  between  the  veins  and  in  tlie  basal  half  of  the  wing; 
these  scales  are  often  very  few  and  widely  scattered.  Wing  at  base  of  cleft 
whitish,  prceded  by  a  black  or  brown  dash  which  curved  outward  toward  costal 
blackish  dash  above  base  of  cleft.     Darker  specimens  may  also  have  two  dots 


392 

on  costa  of  first  lobe  and  some  whitish  over-scaling  before  the  discal  dash. 
Inner  margin  of  first  lobe  with  a  faint  dot  before  apex  and  outer  margin  of 
second  sometimes  with  two.  That  on  the  first  lobe  marks  the  location  of  a 
faint  whitish  pencil  in  the  fringes.  Fringes  otherwise  brownish  gray  with  a 
few  white  hairs  in  some  examples.  Secondaries  gray-brown  with  concolorous 
fringes.     Expanse  27-29  mm. 

The  S  genitalia  are  siiiialr  to  those  of  mathewianus  (see  pi.  LI. 
fig.  3)   but  are  slightly  more  slender  in  all  parts. 

Distribution :  Vancouver  Is.  to  Colo,  and  Utah,  June  to  Sept. 
Manitoba  and  Pa.,  Aug.     Cal.,  June. 

The  Fernald  collection  contains  two  types  of  cineraceus,  without 
abdomens,  from  Washington  and  three  of  luguhris,  one  9  and  two 
without  abdomens,  from  California.  These  series  would  hardly  be 
taken  for  the  same  species  even  by  a  careful  observer,  and  it  requires 
the  transition  shown  in  our  series  of  nineteen  specimens  froin  various 
localities  to  convince  us  that  the  synonymy  is  correct.  Typical  lug\t- 
bris  is  the  darker  form,  w-ith  heavier  markings,  whitish  scaling  through 
the  cell,  and  very  evident  blackish  irroration.  Typical  cineraceus,  on 
the  other  hand,  has  a  light  brownish  ground  color,  rather  even,  with 
only  a  dot  in  the  cell  and  the  oblique  patch  before  the  cleft  conspicuous ; 
the  black  irroration  is  almost  lacking.  There  is  also  a  5  in  the  Cam- 
l)ridge  Museum  which  may  be  regarded  as  a  paratype.  It  is  labelled 
type. 

One  specimen  in  our  series  from  Aweme,  Man.  (Criddle),  bears 
Kcarfctt's  label  "Pteroplwrns  baroni  Fish"  and  another  from  Rounth- 
waite  "compares  most  closely  with  baroni  Fish".  The  former  seems 
to  us  to  be  an  immaculate  specimen  of  cineraceus,  though  the  absence 
of  discal  marks  does,  indeed,  result  in  an  appearance  remarkably  like 
baroni.  The  primaries  are  slightly  broader,  however,  and  we  think 
it  best  to  place  the  specimen  in  this  way  for  the  present.  The  second 
specimen  strengthens  this  opinion,  in  that  it  is  intermediate  between 
the  first  and  typical  cineraceus,  though  with  the  markings  only  slightly 
reduced.    Our  two  Calif ornian  specimens  are  also  very  lightly  marked. 

The  life  history  is  unknown. 

9.     OiDAEMATOPHORUS  RiLEYi  Fernald,  PI.  XL\^  fig.  11.    PI.  LI.  fig.  7. 

Ptcrophorus  rileyi  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  50,  1898. 
ld„  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.   Ins.   C,   17,   1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,   Check   List   151,   1917. 


393 

Ground  color  brownish  white  to  pale  brown,  head  slightly  darker  except 
between  antennae.  Antennae  with  brown  dots  above.  Palpi  moderate,  slender, 
oblique.  Abdomen  with  black  dots  above  in  hind  margins  of  some  segments; 
scales  in  posterior  half  roughened  on  these  margins.  Legs  similar,  evenly 
colored  with  a  touch  of  black  beneath  hind  tibiae  at  bases  of  spurs  and  brown 
scale  tufts  on  fore  and  mid  tibiae. 

Primaries  same  shade  as  body  with  a  brown  costal  dash  over  base  of  cleft 
and  an  oblique  dash  before  cleft,  continued  by  a  faint  shade  toward  costal  spot. 
First  lobe  with  a  black  point  on  inner  margin  before  apex.  A  few  scattered 
black  scales  are  present,  forming  a  slight  streak  before  discal  dot  and  rather 
dense  along  basal  half  of  costa,  but  elsewhere  very  scarce.  Fringes  slightly 
darker  and  more  grayish  than  wing,  with  scarcely  a  trace  of  pale  hairs,  even 
at  black  point  on  first  lobe.  Secondaries  gray-brown  with  concolorous  fringes. 
Expanse  about  32  mm. 

Distribution :    Cal.,  Sept.    Described  from  Placer  Co. 

The  form  of  this  species  is  much  like  that  of  ciiieracciis  and  baroni, 
and  for  a  time  we  were  inclined  to  doubt  its  distinctness  from  the 
former.  We  now  believe,  however,  that  its  large  size  and  even  color 
are  a  sufficient  basis  for  the  retention  of  the  species.  Unfortunately 
we  have  seen  only  one  specimen  in  addition  to  the  type  series,  and 
the  genitalia  afford  no  definite  assistance.  Our  material  in  these  three 
related  species  is  too  meager  to  allow  us  to  work  out  the  possible 
variations  of  genitalia,  and  such  as  appear  in  our  few  slides  must 
therefore  be  discounted,  perhaps  unduly. 

Fernald  says  in  his  original  description  that  the  species  was 
"described  from  seven  examples  taken  in  September,  in  Placer  County, 
California,  and  presented  to  the  National  Museum  by  the  late  Dr.  C.  V. 
Riley".  We  found  five  of  these  specimens  in  the  National  Museum 
material,  labelled  by  Fernald  but  not  as  types.  In  the  Fernald  collec- 
tion there  are  two  specimens  labelled  type.  We  are  designating  one 
lectotype  $  .  The  other  may  be  regarded  as  the  allotype,  and  we  see 
no  reason  at  all  why  the  remaining  five  should  not  be  paratypes.  We 
have  accordingly  written  labels  for  them  under  the  U.  S.  N.  M.  type 
No.  23496.  One  of  these  five,  a  9  ,  is  now  in  the  Barnes  collection 
through  the  kindness  of  the  Museum  authorities. 

None  of  the  specimens  examined  were  reared. 

10.       OlDAEMATOI'HORUS   BARONI    Fish.       PI.    XLV,    fig.    12. 
Oedematophorus  baroni  Fish,  Can.  Ent.  XIII,  7i,  1881. 
Alucita  baroni  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 


394 

Plcroflwrus  baroni  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  54,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  23,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,   1917. 

Grayish  to  slightly  tawny,  head  brownish  except  between  antennae.  Other- 
wise as  in  preceding  species,  with  abdominal  spots  less  conspicuous  and  upper 
surface  of  abdomen  very  vaguely  streaked  with  black  scales  in  some  speci- 
mens. Tufts  on  tibiae  with  a  generous  mixture  of  white  scales.  Front  and 
middle  tarsi  sometimes  faintly  annulate. 

Primaries  buff  to  ochreous  along  inner  margin,  blending  into  the  whitish 
mauve  to  purplish  brown  costal  region.  There  are  a  very  few  black  scales  and 
the  base  of  the  costa  is  darkened.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  very  faint  trace  of  a 
dark  spot.  Veins  in  first  lobe  pale  in  the  darker  specimens.  Inner  margin  of 
first  lobe  with  a  fine  black  point  before  apex.  Apex  of  both  lobes  with  one  and 
outer  margin  of  second  witli  two  very  faint  black  points  in  some  specimens. 
Fringes  grayish  ochreous  with  some  white  hairs  but  without  white  pencils  in 
the  specimens  we  have  examined  except  a  trace  at  dot  before  apex  of  first 
lobe.  Secondaries  gray  brown  with  concolorous  fringes.  Expanse  about  32 
mm. 

Distribution :  Cal.  We  have  it  from  Alameda  Co.  and  Warner's, 
June  and  July. 

The  immaculate  primaries  with  their  pronounced  purplish  or 
mauve  tint  render  this  a  very  striking  species.  We  have  seen  only 
four  specimens,  all  females,  including  the  two  types,  but  have  no 
doubt  that  it  is  a  good  species.  In  general  form  it  is  identical,  so  far 
as  we  have  observed,  with  rileyi.  The  two  types  are  in  the  Fernald 
collection. 

We  have  no  information  regarding  the  early  stages. 

11.       OlDAEMATOPHORUS    CASTOR    n.    sp.       PI.    XLVII,    fig.    10.       PI.    I.I. 

fig.  8. 

Whitish,  faintly  tinged  with  light  brown.  Head  darker  except  a  broad 
patch  between  antennae.  Antennae  banded  with  brownish  black  above.  Palpi 
moderate,  oblique,  blackish  touched  with  wliite  above.  Abdomen  with  a  broad 
brown  dorsal  stripe  including  black  bars  on  hind  margins  of  several  segments 
in  holotype  and  allotype.  Legs  white.  Fore  tibiae  with  one  and  middle  with 
two  moderately  heavy  tufts  of  blackish  scales,  including  a  few  white.  Mid  tarsi 
touched  with  brown  on  one  side  at  tips  of  joints. 

Primaries  whitish,  delicately  shaded  with  pale  brown  along  the  veins  in 
the  lobes  and  in  a  few  vague  areas  on  disk  and  inner  margin.  Costa  with  a 
brown  dash  above  base  of  cleft,  sometimes  followed  by  a  fine  brown  dot.  This 
dasli  is  preceded  by  a  broad  shade  sprinkled  with  black  scales,  heaviest  toward 
base.    Cleft  preceded  at  a  short  distance  by  the  usual  oblique  black  patch  which 


395 

curves  outward  toward  costal  patch  and  is  preceded  by  some  black  scales. 
Other  black  scales  form  a  broken  basal  dash  below  cell  and  line  the  margins 
of  both  lobes  near  base  of  cleft,  the  inner  rather  slightly,  the  costal  usually 
heavily.  Fringes  whitish  on  costa,  with  a  light  brown  patch  at  apex  preceded 
by  a  similar  but  smaller  patch;  on  inner  margin  ochreous-gray,  in  cleft  dark 
brownish  gray  in  marked  contrast  with  wing.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes 
gray-brown,  very  evidently  darker  than  primaries.     Expanse  29-30  mm. 

Described  from  three  specimens.  Holotype  3 ,  Redington,  Ariz.,  in  coll. 
Barnes.  Allotype  and  paratype  $,  Bear  Wallow  Trail,  Santa  Catalina  Mts., 
Ariz.,  July,  in  Am.  Mus. 

The  type  is  in  rather  good  condition  but  lacks  hind  legs,  while 
the  allotype  and  paratype  are  in  poor  condition,  but  supply  this  defi- 
ciency. The  species  is  very  similar  in  appearance  to  poUux,  but  is 
at  once  distinguished  by  its  tufted  tibiae  and  the  dark  fringes  in  the 
cleft  of  the  primaries.     None  of  the  types  bear  biological  data. 

12.     OlD.'\EMAT0PH0RUS  POLLUX  n.  sp.     PI.  XLVII,  fig.   11.      PI.  LII, 

fig.  1. 

Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  whitish,  tinged  with  gray-brown,  sometimes 
distinctly  yellowish.  Abdomen  with  two  subdorsal  parallel  white  stripes,  some- 
times inconspicuous.  Antennae  and  palpi  white,  the  latter  moderate,  oblique. 
Legs  white.  First  two  pairs  with  tibiae  and  femora,  and  to  a  certain  extent 
tips  of  tarsal  joints,  infuscated.     No  tibial  tufts. 

Primaries  white  to  pale  yellowish  white,  costa  from  base  to  apex  tinged 
with  gray-brown  and  with  a  blackish  dash  above  base  of  cleft,  followed  by  one 
or  two  dots  in  a  few  specimens.  Extreme  apex  of  first  lobe  blackish,  sometimes 
continued  through  fringes  in  a  dark  pencil.  Apex  of  second  lobe  with  a  black- 
ish streak  along  vein  Mg,  continued  through  fringes.  At  a  short  distance  before 
cleft  is  a  small  subtriangular  brownish  black  spot,  concave  outwardly  as  it 
curves  toward  costal  spot.  There  is  sometimes  a  dot  at  middle  of  cell.  The 
wing  is  sparsely  sprinkled  with  dark  scales  which  tend  to  collect  along  the 
veins  and  inner  margin,  and  to  obscure  the  base  of  the  costa.  Fringes  con- 
colorous  except  as  mentioned.  Secondaries  and  fringes  gray  brown,  as  a  rule 
conspicuously  darker  than  primaries.     Expanse  27-33  mm. 

Described  from  25  specimens. 

Holotype  $  and  allotype  from  Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz.,  Sept.  and 
Aug.,  in  coll.  Barnes. 

Twenty-three  paratypes,  three  $  and  twenty  9 ,  from  Mohave  Co.,  Para- 
dise, Palmtrlee  and  Prescott  and  the  Baboquiviiri  and  Chiricahua  Mts.,  Ariz., 
Apr.,  July  to  Oct.  distributed  as  follows:  1  c5  and  19  U.  S.  N.  M.  type  No. 
23466,  1  9  coll.  Fernald,  1  9  coll.  Meyrick,  1  9  Cambridge  Museum  ;  remainder 
in  coll.  Barnes. 

This  beautiful  species  is  placed  here  with  some  misgivings,  since 
the  smooth  tibiae  would  seem  to  indicate  a  lower  position  in  the  genus. 


396 

In  general  characters,  however,  it  seems  closely  related  to  castor  and 
mizar,  and  with  them  to  stand  most  satisfactorily  in  this  place.     It  is 
very  different  from  any  other  species  known  to  us,  though  it  resembles 
castor  superficially  as  we  have  already  noted. 
We  know  nothing  of  the  early  stages. 

13.       OlDAEMATOPHORUS    MIZAR    n.    Sp.       PI.    XLVII,    fig.    12.       PI.    LII, 

fig.  2. 

Brownish  gray,  front  of  thorax  and  head  largely  white.  Thorax  tipped 
behind  with  a  V-shaped  white  mark.  First  two  segments  of  abdomen  with 
some  black  on  posterior  margin,  followed  by  white  on  following  segment; 
remainder  with  white  posterior  margins ;  a  lateral  white  line  is  present.  Palpi 
moderate,  oblique,  white,  touched  with  gray-brown  below  at  tip  of  second 
segment.  .Antennae  white  with  dark  dots  above.  Legs  white;  fore  tibiae  with 
brownish  black  stripes  inside  and  a  moderate  tuft  of  mixed  dark  and  light  scales; 
mid  tibiae  with  two  such  tufts;  fore  and  mid  tarsi  with  slight  dark  annuli  at 
tips  of  joints;  hind  legs  with  dark  bands  at  bases  of  spurs,  a  broad  terminal 
annulus  on  first  tarsal  joint  and  slight  annuli  on  remaining  four. 

Primaries  brownish  gray  with  white  streaks,  the  restricted  areas  of  ground 
color  usually  sprinkled  with  1  lackish  scales.  The  white  vestiture  clothes  the 
wing  at  base  of  cleft,  where  it  is  inwardly  limited  by  the  usual  subtriangular 
spot  which  is  here  broadly  connected  with  the  costa,  and  spreads  out  over  the 
first  lobe.  This  spot  also  sends  a  variably  broad  streak  toward  outer  margin 
of  second  lobe.  On  each  side  of  the  base  of  the  cleft  is  a  fine  black  streak, 
fading  outwardly  into  the  grayer  lobes,  and  in  the  first  lobe  a  second  heavier 
streak  in  basal  half,  two  dots  on  costa,  one  cit  apex,  and  one  before  it  on  inner 
margin.  In  the  second  lobe  there  may  be  a  black  apical  dot,  a  subapical  dot  or 
streak  on  outer  margin  and  a  few  other  black  scales.  In  the  disk  there  is  a 
subcostal  white  line,  rather  vague,  a  dash  in  the  cell,  preceded  by  a  spot  rather 
darker  than  the  ground  color,  a  large  white  spot  between  cell  and  inner  margin 
about  one-third  from  base  of  wing,  and  an  almost  longitudinal  white  line,  pre- 
sumably on  the  base  of  Cu...  In  addition  the  dark  areas,  particularly  toward 
the  base,  are  more  or  less  irrorate  with  white.  Fringes  variable,  but  always 
brownish  gray  cut  with  white,  with  darker  bases.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes 
brownish  gray.     Expanse  24-29  mm. 

Described  from  fifteen  specimens  from  Arizona  and  N.  M.  Holotype 
$,  Chiricahua  Mts.,  Cochise  Co.,  Sept.  1-7  and  allot\-pe,  Palmerlee,  in  coll. 
Barnes.  Thirteen  paratypes,  3  $  and  10  9 ,  from  Redington,  Palmerlee,  Here- 
ford, White  and  Chiricahua  Mts.  and  Mohave  Co.,  and  a  single  9  from  Jemez 
Springs,  N.  M.,  distributed  as  follows :  <?  and  9 ,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23467,  1  9 
coll.  Femald,  1  9  coll.  Meyrick,  1  9  Cambridge  Museum;  remainder  in  coll. 
Barnes.    We  have  also  a  specimen  from  Mohave  Co.  taken  in  October. 

This  and  the  following  species  are  superficially  rather  similar,  but 
uticar  is  larafer  and  the  thorax  differs  as  noted  in  the  key.     Tlie  four 


397 

distal  joints  of  the  hind  tarsi  appear  to  be  relatively  more  widely  an- 
nulate in  meyricki,  but  in  lightly  marked  specimens  this  is  likely  to  be 
confusing.  The  lateral  marks  of  the  abdomen  also  differ  in  the  two 
species,  but  we  have  had  such  difficulty  in  finding  specimens  with  rec- 
ognizable abdominal  vestiture,  even  in  our  long  series,  that  we  have 
thought  it  inadvisable  to  use  the  character  in  the  key.  The  difference 
in  palpi  appears  to  be  constant.  The  distribution  as  represented  by 
our  series  is  dififerent,  but  mizar  occurs  in  Mohave  Co.,  Ariz.,  and 
meyricki  in  S.  Cal.,  and  it  is  reasonable  to  expect  them  to  overlap  in 
these  regions.  The  male  genitalia  are  very  different. 
We  know  nothing  of  the  life  history. 

14.  OlDAEMATOPHORUS  MEYRICKI  n.  Sp.      PI.  XLVI,  fig.   10.      PI.  LIV, 

fig.  1- 

The  description  of  the  wings  of  mizar  will  apply  also  to  this  species;  the 
markings  differ  slightly  in  form,  but  otherwise  are  the  same.  The  head  differs 
in  having  a  contrasting  white  patch  between  the  antennae.  The  palpi  are  brown 
touched  with  white  below.  Thorax  with  the  anterior  half  white,  sharply  lim- 
ited, and  with  some  white  behind.  Posterior  margins  of  abdominal  segments 
whitish  above.  The  abdomen  is  marked  laterally  with  alternating  oblique  stripes 
of  dark  gray-brown  and  white  and  has  a  lateral  white  line  in  the  posterior  half. 
Legs  as  in  misar,  the  tibial  tufts  very  slight  and  rather  darker  than  in  that 
species.  Tarsi  usually  more  broadly  annulate  with  gray-brown  and  with  a  less 
conspicuous  difference  between  the  first  and  outer  joints  on  the  posterior  pair. 

Described  from  thirty  specimens  taken  at  San  Diego,  Cal.,  in  April,  May 
and  June.  Holotype  S  and  allotype  in  coll.  Barnes.  All  of  the  paratypes,  whose 
total  is  3  9  and  22  5,  are  also  in  coll.  Barnes  w^ith  the  exception  of  the  fol- 
lowing: $  and  5,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23468,  $  coll.  Fernald,  S  and  9  coll. 
Meyrick,  1    $   of  Cambridge  Museum. 

Since  we  have  described  meyricki  by  pointing  out  the  differences 
between  it  and  micar,  no  further  discussion  of  this  matter  is  necessary. 
\Vc  take  this  opportunity,  however,  to  mention  the  apparent  difference 
in  seasonal  occurrence  of  the  two. 

15.  OlDAEMATOPHORUS  GRATIOSUS  Fish,  PI.  XLVI,  fig.  11. 
Ocdetnatophorus  gratiosus  Fish,  Can.  Ent.  XITI,  73,  1881. 
tAliicita  gratiosa  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Pterothorus  gratiosus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  54,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,   1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  23,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnoiigh,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Fish  described  the  body  and  minor  appendages  thus: 


398 

"Head  and  palpi  rather  dark  brown,  scarcely  lighter  between  antennae. 
Antennae  pale  brownish,  dotted  above  with  white  and  dark  brown  scales. 
Thorax  brown  gray,  anterior  portion  lighter.  Abdomen  fawn  brown ;  scales 
somewhat  raised  at  extremity  of  segments.  Legs  grayish  brown,  spurs  concol- 
orous,  not  tipped  with  darker  color,  tarsi  pale  cinereous,  slightly  browned  at 
extremities  of  joints.  Middle  band  of  middle  tibiae  inconspicuous,  consisting 
of  a  few  raised  scales  on  one  side." 

Primaries  brownish  white,  more  brownish  toward  costa  and  paler  just 
before  cleft.  The  dark  patch  before  the  cleft  is  powdery,  of  blackish  brown 
scales,  and  is  prolonged  about  half  way  toward  base  of  wing  and  connected 
with  a  rather  vague  costal  spot  over  base  of  cleft.  The  remainder  of  the  wing 
is  streaked  with  scattered  brown  scales,  forming  one  dash  in  the  first  lobe  and 
two  in  the  second.  All  powdery  dark  areas  bear  a  few  white  scales.  Fringes 
tawny-gray,  slightly  darker  at  apices  and  in  cleft,  the  dark  apical  tufts  preceded 
by  paler,  but  not  whitish,  patches.  Secondaries  brownish  gray  with  slightly  paler 
fringes.     Expanse  about  22  mm. 

We  would  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  front  tarsi  are  notice- 
ably pale,  and  that  they  are  only  very  slightly  darker  on  one  side  at  the 
tips  of  the  joints.  This  character  is  useful  to  separate  the  species  from 
mcyricki.  Judging  by  our  three  poor  specimens,  the  middle  tuft  of  the 
middle  tibiae  is  probably  well  developed  in  fresh  specimens.  The 
thorax  has  dorso-Iateral  white  stripes  behind,  connected  dorsally  at 
their  middles. 

Distribution:  California.  We  have  it  from  Carmel,  June  (Va- 
chell). 

The  type  in  coll.  Fernald  has  no  head  and  only  one  pair  of  wings, 
but  is  supplied  with  one  leg  of  each  pair  and  the  abdomen  is  in  good 
condition,  which  cannot  be  said  of  our  specimens.  Of  our  three,  none 
are  good,  but  one  is  sufificiently  good  to  enable  us  to  form  a  reliable 
idea  of  the  species  and  a  second  compares  very  closely  with  the  type 
as  it  is  at  present.  We  are  unable  to  observe  any  differences  between 
the  genitalia  of  this  species  and  nieyricki,  (see  pi.  LIV,  fig.  1)  and  so 
for  a  time  thought  that  our  series  of  meyricki  was  merely  gratiosus  in 
good  condition.  The  afifinities  of  the  species  with  fieldi  are  also  worthy 
of  consideration,  but  these  species  are  genitalically  distinct  and  easily 
distinguished  by  superficial  characters.  To  facilitate  the  separation 
of  the  three  we  have  constructed  the  following  key,  supplementary  to 
the  main  key  to  the  genus.  Fresh  specimens  should  give  no  trouble. 
1.     Fore   tarsi    while,    distinctly    annulate.      Primaries   brownish   gray   with 

\\  bite  streaks   meyricki 

Fore   tarsi    while   or   whitish,   indistinctly  or   incompletely  annulate,   or 
without  dark  bands  2 


399 

2.     Dark  areas  of  primaries  bright  red-brown fieldi 

Dark  areas  of  brownisli  black  scales,  more  or  less  powdery,  with  a  few 
white  scales   gratiosus 

We  have  seen  only  four  specimens  of  gratiosus,  and  none  of  these 
was  reared. 

16.       OlDAEMATOPHORUS  FIELDI  Wright,   PI.  XLVI,   fig.   12. 
Pterophorus  fieldi  Wright,  Ent.  News,  XXXII  6,  1921. 

The  original  description  is  as  follows : 

"Expanse  21  to  26  mm. 

"Palpi,  front  and  vertex  mottled  light  brown  and  white ;  antennae  whitish 
with  very  fine  brown  annulations.  , 

"Anterior  part  of  thorax  buff,  this  color  spreading  out  into  the  base  of 
costa  of  primaries,  somewhat  darker  and  narrower  in  females  than  males. 
Thorax  dorsally  brown,  becoming  lighter  basally.  Abdomen  light  brownish 
butr  on  anterior  part  with  a  red-brown  squarish  spot  close  to  base,  becoming 
quite  dark,  almost  seal  brown,  mottled  with  ligher  on  the  anal  segments. 

"Fore-wings :  Ground  color  white,  the  costal  edge,  discal  area  from  base 
to  cleft,  and  inner  margin  broadly  brown-streaked,  the  spaces  between  being 
more  or  less  suffused  with  light  brown  scales.  A  dark  brown  costal  streak  just 
above  the  base  of  the  cleft,  connected  broadly  with  the  outer  end  of  the  discal 
streak,  preceded  and  followed  by  white;  another  brown  costa!  streak  at  the 
base  of  the  first  lobe  occupying  about  one-half  the  space  then  narrowly  white 
to  apex.  Extreme  tip  dark,  two  short  dark  longitudinal  streaks,  rather  faint, 
near  the  base  of  the  lobe.  A  white  spot  resting  on  the  base  of  the  cleft  con- 
nected obliquely  by  a  fine  white  line  to  the  outer  costal  white  spot.  Second 
lobe  brown  at  tip,  a  faint  brown  line  down  the  center,  a  small  rectangular 
white  spot  on  vein  lb  at  about  one-third  from  the  base.  Fringe  smoky,  a  whitish 
spot  at  anal  angle,  darker  within  the  cleft,  a  very  dark  spot  a  little  inward  from 
tip  of  first  lobe. 

"Hind  wings  dull  smoky  brown  with  a  faint  reddish  tinge  and  darker 
fringes. 

"Legs  white  more  or  less  mottled  with  light  brown,  a  small  brush  of 
appressed  brown  scales  at  end  of  fore  tibia.  The  middle  tibia  shows  the  same 
development  and  in  addition  has  a  small  cluster  of  long  scales  at  the  center. 
Hind  tibia  as  the  middle,  but  a  little  more  prominent.  Spurs  light  at  base, 
smoky  at  tip. 

"In  many  specimens  the  scale  clusters  on  tibiae  become  more  or  less  obso- 
lete, being  represented  by  a  slight  swelling  of  the  member  at  middle  and  end  " 

The  type  series  was  taken  at  San  Diego,  Cal.,  in  May  and  June. 
We  liave  one  specimen  from  San  Diego,  Apr.  24-30.  one  pale  speci- 
men from  \\'e!lington,  B.  C,  June,  anrl  three  from  Mohave  Co.,  Ariz., 
Sept. 


400 

The  markings  are  very  variable,  but  their  varibiHty  is  relatively 
unimportant.  The  hind  tibiae  are  scarcely  tufted,  as  the  description 
suggests,  but  are  conspicuously  banded  with  brown.  The  important 
features  of  the  species  are  the  bright  brown  markings,  the  sharply 
limited  buff-white  anterior  area  of  the  thorax,  and  the  light  colored 
front  tibiae. 

In  addition  to  the  type  series  mentioned  by  Mr.  Wright  in  his 
own  collection  and  that  of  Mr.  Field,  there  are  two  male  and  one  female 
paratypes  in  coll.  Barnes. 

17.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  ciTRiTES  Meyrick.     PI.  XLVI,  fig.  9. 
Ptcrofhorus  citriUs  Meyrick,  Trans.   Ent.   Soc.  Lond.   1907,  502,   1908. 
Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  26,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnoiigh,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

Meyrick's  description  is  as  follows : 

"$  9.  24-27  mm.  Head  ochreous-whitish,  face  and  back  of  crown  more 
ochreous-tinged.  Palpi  and  antennae  whitish-ochreous.  Thora.x  whitish-ochre- 
ous,  patagia  sometimes  more  whitish,  .\bdonien  whitish-ochreous,  sides  more 
ochreous.  Legs  ochreous-whitish,  anterior  and  middle  femora  and  tibiae  ochre- 
ous.  Fore-wings  cleft  from  2/3,  first  segment  moderate,  long-pointed,  second 
much  broader,  shorter-pointed;  ochreous,  partially  tinged  with  whitish;  an  unde- 
fined patch  of  light  brownish  suffusion  with  a  few  dark  fuscous  scales  towards 
dorsum  about  1/4;  a  small  spot  of  similar  suffusion  in  disc  at  1/3;  an  oblique 
dark  fuscous  mark  a  little  before  base  of  cleft,  preceded  by  some  yellow-brownish 
suffusion  which  is  extended  upwards  as  an  indistinct  oblique  streak  to  costa 
above  base  of  cleft,  posteriorly  edged  with  white  suffusion;  a  short  longitudinal 
streak  of  yellowish-brown  suffusion  sprinkled  with  dark  fuscous  in  apex  of 
second  segment,  and  another  less  distinct  and  sometimes  obsolete  beneath  apex 
of  wing ;  cilia  whitish,  beneath  apex  with  a  pale  ochreous  patch,  within  cleft 
tinged  with  ochreous  and  on  upper  margin  of  second  segment  with  fuscous,  on 
dorsum  tinged  with  whitish-ochreous.  Hind-wings  cleft  firstly  from  before 
middle,  secondly  from  1/4,  segments  rather  narrow,  second  long  pointed;  grey, 
sometimes  much  suffused  with  whitish  ochreous;  cilia  wliitish-  ochreous-gray 
or  whitish-ochreous. 

"Colorado,  U.  S.,  5000-7000  feet,  three  specimens." 

Through  the  generosity  of  Mr.  Meyrick  a  paratype  9  is  now  in 
the  Barnes  collection.  In  addition  we  have  a  single  specimen,  much 
more  heavily  marked,  from  Boulder,  Colo.  There  are  examples  in 
the  National  Museum  from  Colo,  and  New  Mexico,  Aug.,  and  a  single 
specimen  expanding  30  mm.  from  Ariz,  which  may  belong  here.  It  is 
rather  badly  broken,  so  we  can  be  certain  of  the  tuarkings  of  the  pri- 
maries onlv,  and  these  are  as  in  citntcs. 


401 

The  species  is  similar  to  pale  specimens  of  fiddi  but  the  evenly 
colored  thorax  separates  it  at  once  from  that  species.  Paler  examples, 
as  the  paratype  in  our  possession,  are  easily  confused  with  occidi'iitalis, 
but  differ  in  having  only  slight  terminal  tufts,  no  median,  on  fore  and 
mid  tibiae. 

We  have  had  no  opportunity  to  examine  the  male  genitalia,  and 
can  give  no  data  on  the  life  history. 

18.     OiD.\EMATOPiioRUS  BRUCEi  Fernald.     PI.  XLVI,  fig.  8.     PI.  LI  I, 

fig.  14. 
Ptei-oflwrus  brucci  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  42,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

?  Forbes,  Psyche  XVI,  136,  1909. 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  50,  1904. 

Dyar,   Proc.  U.   S.  N.  M.  XXVII,  924,   1904. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Sec.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913.  ^ 

Barnes  &  McDnnnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Ptcrophorus  chionastcs  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Sec.  Lend.  1907,  501,  1908. 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDnnnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
White,  palpi  moderate,  oblique,  rather  slender.  Legs  touched  with  fuscous 
inside  and  at  bases  of  spurs.  Only  a  trace  of  scale  tufts  on  fore  and  mid  tibiae. 
Primaries  pure  white  with  some  scattered  gray-brown  scales.  Costa  with 
a  dash  over  base  of  cleft  and  a  lighter  one  at  middle  of  first  lobe  which  does 
not  enter  the  fringes.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  small  elongate-triangular  spot,  some- 
times connected  with  costal  dash.  There  is  a  powdery  spot  in  middle  of  cell 
and  three  more  or  less  vagiie  powdery  dashes  in  inner  half  of  wing,  the  last 
extending  into  second  lobe  from  below  triangular  spot.  Inner  margin  of  first 
lobe  with  a  dot  before  ape.x.  Outer  margin  of  second  lobe  with  some  dark 
scales.  Fringes  whitish,  brownish  gray  in  cleft  except  a  white  cluster  before 
apex  of  first  lobe.  The  dark  areas  are  sometimes  greatly  extended,  and  the 
white  parts  touched  with  gray-brown,  but  all  marks  remain  more  or  less  powdery, 
cloudy  and  indefinite  except  the  triangular  spot  and  accompanying  costal  dash. 
Secondaries  pale  brownish  gray,  sometimes  almost  whitish,  with  slightly  darker 
fringes.     Expanse  22-27  mm. 

Distribution:  Alaska  to  Ariz.,  Colo.,  Manitoba.  June  to  Aug. 
Mass.     (Forbes).    Pa.  (Cambridge  Mus.)     Vancouver  Is.  (Dyar). 

The  three  types  of  brucei  are  in  the  Fernald  collection.  One  is 
a  male,  and  the  others  have  broken  abdomens.  They  were  taken  in 
Colo,  by  Bruce.     Chionastcs  was  also  described  from  Colorado  speci- 


402 

mens,  the  four  types  being  in  Meyrick's  collection.  We  have  one  speci- 
men from  Boulder,  Colo.,  which  Meyrick  identified  as  his  species,  and 
our  personal  comparison  shows  it  to  be  almost  exactly  the  same  as 
Fernald's  types.  Our  one  Alaskan  specimen  is  the  darkest  which  we 
have  seen,  but  retains  the  pure  white  and  nebulous  dark  marks  of 
typical  brucei. 

The  life  history  is  unknown. 

19.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  iNQUiNATUS  Zeller.     PI.  XLVI,  fig.   1.     PI. 

LI,  fig.  9. 
Ocdcmatophorus  iiiquiiKilHs  Zeller,  Verli.  z-h.  Ges.  Wien  XXII 1,  325,   1873. 

Murtfeldt,  Am.  Ent.  Ill,  235,  1880. 

Coquillett,  Papilio  11,  61,  1882  (biol.). 

Uimmock,  Psyche  III,  403,  1882. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889. 

Hedemann,   Stett.  ent.  Zeit.   LVII,  9,   1896. 
tAltuita  iiiquinata  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
%Ocdematus  infuuiatus  Murtfeldt,  Proc.  Nat.  Sci.  Club  13,  1896. 
Pterophorus  inquinatus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  56  (in  part),  pi.  Ill,  ff.  5,  6;  pi. 
IV,  ff.  3,  4,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  447,  1902  (in  part). 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913  (in  part). 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  446,  1915   (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   151.   1917   (in  part). 

Grossbeck,  Bull.   Am.   Mus.  Nat,   Hi.st.  XXXVII,   136,   1917. 

Britton,  Ins.  Conn.  103,  1920. 
Vestiture  of  mixed  gray-brown  and  whitish  scales,  the  front  of  the 
thorax  and  a  space  between  antennae  more  whitish.  Antennae  white  or 
whitish  with  dark  dots  above,  Palpi  rather  small,  oblique.  Abdomen  with 
scales  on  posterior  margins  of  segments  slightly  roughened,  bearing  a  pair  of 
black  dots  at  least  on  a  few  segments  near  middle.  Legs  whitish;  fore  and 
mid  tibiae  striped  with  dark  gray-brown  and  provided  with  traces  of  scale  tufts; 
tarsi  wiiite,  usually  finely  annulate  at  tips  of  joints. 

Primaries  white  and  gray  brown,  usually  so  evenly  mixed  as  to  produce 
a  gray  ground  color  on  which  the  whiter  and  blacker  areas  are  more  or  less 
conspicuous.  Costa  normally  marked  with  a  dash  above  base  of  cleft  and  a 
shorter  one  just  beyond  middle  of  first  lobe,  both  of  which  include  the  fringes. 
The  latter  is  preceded  and  followed  by  small  dark  dots,  which  scarcely  enter 
the  white  fringes.  Either  or  both  may  be  lacking.  There  is  a  blackish  spot  in 
cell  and  a  dash  before  cleft  which  is  prolonged  toward  costal  dash  and  some- 
times connected  to  it  by  a  fainter  shade.  Inner  margin  of  first  lobe  with  a  dot 
before  apex,  and  second  lobe  with  one  to  four  such  dots  at  apex  and  on  outer 
margin.     The  more  evident  whitish  areas  are  a  subcostal  line  before  cleft,  a 


403 

spot  at  one-third  from  base  near  inner  margin,  followed  by  a  dash  on  vein  Cu 
and  a  patch  at  base  of  cleft.  Fringes  dark  brownish  gray,  slightly  darker  in 
cleft;  cut  by  a  whitish  pencil  before  apex  of  first  lobe  and  by  three  or  less, 
often  grayish  and  inconspicuous,  on  outer  margin  of  second.  Secondaries 
brownish  gray  with  concolorous   fringes.     Expanse  15-22  ram. 

Distribution :  Atlantic  Coast  to  Cal.,  south  into  Mexico.  March 
to  Sept.  We  have  no  Canadian  records,  and  the  most  northern  locali- 
ties represented  in  our  series  are  N.  Iowa  and  Pa. 

The  paired  dorsal  dots  on  the  abdomen  and  the  general  grayish 
color  distinguish  this  common  species.  The  dots  are  not  particularly 
small,  but  are  set  close  together  and  are  frequently  inconspicuous  in 
dark  specimens.  Crumpling  and  shrinking  of  the  abdomen,  which  un- 
fortunately is  frequent  in  this  family,  may  render  it  almost  impossible 
to  discern  the  dots  and  their  position,  but  we  have  seen  very  few  speci- 
mens in  which  it  was  impossible  to  see  one  pair,  at  least. 

Inquinatus  is  very  closely  related  to  the  two  following  species, 
both  of  which  may  be  mere  races  or  forms.  The  evidence  at  our 
disposal  leads  us  to  believe  that  all  are  worthy  of  specific  rank,  and 
this  opinion  is  strengthened  by  certain  genitalic  diiTerences,  slight  it 
is  true,  but  as  great  as  can  be  expected  between  closely  related  species 
in  this  genus.  These  differences  are  found  in  the  left  harpe.  This 
structure  is  long  and  slender,  and  divided  by  rnore  or  less  sharp  curves 
into  three  regions,  which  may  be  termed  basal,  median  and  terminal. 
In  inquinatus  the  terminal  portion  is  evidently  shorter  than  the  median, 
and  the  outer  band  is  relatively  sharp.  The  remaining  species  may  be 
separated  from  inquinatus  on  this  basis  by  the  following  key : 

1.  Terminal  portion  of  harpe  as  long  as  median 2 

Terminal  portion  shorter  than  median inquinatus 

2.  Harpe  broadly  rounded,  regions  indefinite  eros 

Harpe  more  definitely  bent  into  three  portions pan 

All  are  subject  to  variation,  but  the  difference  as  expressed  here 
seems  to  be  constant. 

We  have  not  verified  the  identification  of  inquinatus  by  compar- 
ison with  the  types.  When  we  sent  species  to  England  we  were  under 
the  impression  that  these  types  were  in  the  Cambridge  Museum,  but 
it  now  seems  that  they  are  in  the  British  Museum.  Three  specimens 
labelled  by  Zeller  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  collection  remove  all 
reasonable  doubt  of  the  accuracy  of  our  use  of  the  name,  however.  A 
fourth  specimen,  Zeller's  van  b.,  may  be  a  pale  inquinatus  or  a  dark 


404 

pan.  Wc  favor  the  latter  view,  but  the  matter  is  so  unimportant  as 
scarcely  to  warrant  the  complication  of  the  synonymy. 

Coc]uilett's  brief  descriptions  of  the  larva  and  pupa  are  the  only 
ones  known  to  us.    They  are  as  follows : 

"Larva. — Body  green,  sparsely  covered  with  raised  white  dots ;  warts  con- 
colorous,  each  bearing  from  two  to  six  stiff,  curved,  diverging  white  bristles 
of  different  lengths;  spiracles  raised,  whitish;  head  partially  retractile  into 
segment  one,  green,  tinged  with  brown  and  marked  on  each  side  with  a  black 
spot  above  the  jaws ;  venter  green,  unmarked ;  length  12  mm.  Two  specimens. 
Lives  on  Ambrosia  artemisiac folia.  One  pupated  July  27,  producing  the  imago 
August  3;  the  other  pupated  July  30  and  the  imago  emerged  August  6. 

"Chrysalis. — Of  the  usual  shape,  pale  ash  color,  marked  with  a  large  pink 
spot  near  the  middle  of  the  upper  side;  on  this  spot  is  large  brownish-black 
spot ;  length  7  mm.  The  chrysalis  is  fastened  by  its  posterior  end  to  the  upper 
side  of  some  object,  from  which  it  stands  in  an  oblique  direction,  the  abdomen 
being  slightly  curved." 

We  have  no  way  of  telling  whether  the  species  which  Coquilett 
reared  was  true  inquinatiis  or  ambrosiae  Murt.  The  descriptions 
quoted  by  Fernald  in  the  "Pterophoridae  of  North  America"  apply  to 
the  latter. 

20.       OlDAEMATOPHORUS  EROS  H.  Sp.      PI.  XLVI,  fig.  2.      PI.  LI,  fig.   11. 

Head  and  thorax  white,  the  former  with  some  gray-brown  scales  above 
and  in  front  and  the  latter  with  a  cluster  of  blackish-brown  scales  behind.  Ab- 
domen mostly  white  but  with  a  few  gray-brown  scales.  Posterior  margins  of 
segments  with  paired  dorsal  dots,  as  in  inqninatus,  but  with  the  vestiture  not 
visibly  roughened  in  the  type  series.  Antennae  white  with  gray-brown  dots 
above.  Palpi  white  with  scattered  gray-brown  scales,  especially  on  sides.  Legs 
white,  marked  as  in  inquinatus  but  less  heavily. 

The  primaries  are  marked  exactly  as  in  inquinatus,  but  are  much 
lighter.  Their  appearance  is  definitely  whitish  with  gray-brown  irroration  and 
spots,  instead  of  generally  grayish  as  in  the  other  species.  The  secondaries  are 
also  of  a  much  lighter  shade  of  brownish  gray.     Expanse  14-17.5  mm. 

Described  from  ten  specimens  taken  in  Mohave  Co.,  Ariz.,  Sept.  8-15 
(Poling). 

Holotype   $ ,  allotype  and  6  paratypes   3   in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratypes  5  and   2 ,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23469. 

The  series  to  which  we  apply  this  name  is  undoubtedly  very  closely 
related  to  inquinatus  and  pan,  and  may  be  only  a  small  pale  race  of 
the  former.  Until  we  are  able  to  link  them  definitely  with  specimens 
such  as  we  have  not  at  present,  we  are  inclined  to  believe  that  it  is 
worthy  of  specific  rank.  As  one  would  expect,  the  genitalia  of  all 
three  are  quite  similar,  but  there  is  a  general  form  of  the  left  harpe  in 


405 

each  which  appears  to  be  constant.  In  cros  this  structure  is  much 
more  broadly  curved  than  in  the  other  two,  lacking  definite  bends  be- 
tween the  several  regions.  The  supplementary  key  under  inquiiiatus 
tabulates  these  differences. 

None  of  our  specimens  was  reared. 

21.     OlDAEMATOPHORUS  PAN  n.  sp.     PI.  XL VI,  fig.  3.     PI.  LI,  fig.  10. 

Head,  body  and  legs  white,  marked  as  in  cros.  The  paired  spots  on  the 
abdomen  are  more  conspicuous  than  in  either  inquinatus  or  eras.  Scales  on 
terminal  margins  of  abdominal  segments  raised. 

Primaries  white  with  scanty  gray-brown  irroration.  In  the  most  heavily 
marked  specimens  this  irroration  darkens  tlie  costa  in  its  basal  half  and  streaks 
the  remainder  of  the  wing.  The  black  costal  dash  over  the  base  of  the  cleft  is 
conspicuous  and  usually  definitely  separated  from  the  discal  area  by  a  clear 
white  subcostal  line.  Spot  before  cleft  small,  scarcely  produced  toward  costa. 
Remaining  marks  as  in  inquinatus  and  cros.  Fringes  contrastingly  dark  but  with 
extensive  white  areas.  Secondaries  whitish  to  light  gray,  usually  with  much 
more  white  below  than  in  the  other  species.     Expanse  17-24  mm. 

Described  from  twenty-seven  specimens  taken  by  O.  C.  Poling  en  route 
Dewey  to  Salome,  Ariz.,  April  and  May  8-15  and  three  (  9  paratypes)  from 
Palm  Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  Cal.,  March  16-23. 

Holotype   S,  allotype  and  22  paratypes,  11^,  11    9,  in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratj-pes   S   and   9   U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23470. 

Paratypes   S   and   9    Cambridge  Museum. 

Paratype   6   coll.  Fernald. 

Paratype    9   coll.  Meyrick. 

With  these  we  associate  a  number  of  specimens  from  other  locali- 
ties in  Ariz,  and  S.  Cal. 

The  species  differs  from  inquiiintus  and  cros  in  its  larger  size, 
lighter  color  and  the  form  of  the  left  harpe.  This,  as  pointed  out 
under  inquinatus,  is  rather  broadly  bent  into  three  regions,  the  terminal 
approximately  equal  to  the  median.  With  a  good  series  at  our  disposal 
we  feel  that  these  differences  warrant  the  treatment  of  pan  as  a  good 
species.  It  is  possible  that  it  is  Zeller's  inquinatus  var.  b,  but  the 
specimen  labelled  by  Zeller  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  collection  is  not 
sufficient  to  establish  this. 

We  have  no  knowledge  of  the  life  history.  We  should  expect  to 
find  the  larvae  of  eras  and  pan  on  Ambrosia  with  inquinatus  or  on 
closely  related  plants,  and  hope  that  some  entomologist  in  the  South- 
west will  be  able  to  rear  them  and  ap])ly  the  evidence  of  life  history 
to  the  separation  of  the  three. 


406 

22.  OlDAEMATOPHORUS   niOEBUS  n.   sp.      PI.   XLVI,   fig.   5.      PI.   LII, 

fig.  15. 

Head  brown  with  a  whitish  band  between  antennae.  Antennae  faintly 
brown-dotted  above.  Palpi  small,  oblique,  whitish  with  traces  of  brown  on 
third  joint.  Thorax  whitish  in  front,  becoming  tawny  to  brownish  behind. 
Fore  and  middle  legs  infuscated,  white  outside,  without  tufts.  Hind  legs  whitish 
to  pale  gray  brown  in  the  darkest  specimen  at  hand,  spurs  moderate.  Abdomen 
apparently  concolorous  with  posterior  part  of  thorax,  with  a  variable  number 
of  single  dark  gray-brown  dorsal  dots  on  posterior  margins  of  segments. 

Primaries  whitish  to  light  tawny  brown,  the  palest  area  in  the  second  lobe 
and  along  inner  margin  of  first.  Costa  whitish  toward  base,  sprinkled  with 
blackish  scales,  otherwise  immaculate,  paler  toward  apex.  Cleft  preceded  at 
a  short  distance  by  a  faint  dark  dot.  Entire  wing  usually  with  some  scattered 
black  scales,  less  numerous  on  the  disk  and  tending  to  form  streaks  in  the  lobes 
and  near  the  inner  margin.  Fringes  pale  on  costa,  elsewhere  brownish  gray  to 
brownish  black,  contrastingly  darker  than  wing.  Secondaries  brownish  gray 
with  concolorous  or  slightly  darker  fringes.     Expanse  21-23  mm. 

Described  from  four  specimens  as  follows : 

Holotype  S,  Carmel,  Cal.,  June  10  (Williams),  paratype  ?,  Carmel,  Cal., 
Apr.  (Vachell)  and  paratype  ?,  Deer  Park  Springs,  Lake  Tahoe,  Cal.,  July 
8-15,  coll.  Barnes.  Paratype  ?,  San  Luis  Obispo,  Cal,  Mar.  (Vachell),  U.  S. 
N.  M.  No.  23473.  The  abdomens  of  all  the  paratypes  are  broken.  With  these 
specimens  we  associate  one  9  from  Palmerlee,  Ariz.,  and  one  from  Westmin- 
ster, B.  C.  The  latter  is  our  palest  specimen,  but  we  see  no  reason  to  doubt 
that  it  belongs  here. 

23.  OlDAEMATOPHORUS  TRITON   n.   sp.      PI.    XLVI,   fig.  4. 

Head  brown  with  a  whitish  patch  between  antennae.  Antennae  whitish ; 
palpi  small,  oblique ;  third  joint  touched  with  blackish  on  outside.  Thorax 
whitish.  Abdomen  light  brown  in  the  types,  but  this  is  apparently  due  to  the 
usual  discoloration.  In  the  holotype  there  seems  to  be  a  trace  of  dorsal  brown 
spots.  Vestiture  roughened  on  posterior  margins  of  segments.  Legs  whitish, 
fore  and  middle  pair  infuscated  within.  Spurs  of  hind  pair  moderately  long. 
Tibial  tufts  absent. 

Primaries  white  suffused  with  light  gray  lirown  excepting  a  band  around 
base  of  cleft  and  along  inner  margin  of  first  lobe,  and  a  variably  extensive 
area  along  inner  margin  to  apex  of  second  lobe.  Disk  with  a  faint  whitish 
streak  leading  basad  from  cleft  and  a  faint  subcostal  whitish  line,  meeting 
costa  just  before  base  of  cleft.  Before  and  beyond  this  point  the  costa  is  darker. 
Cell  with  a  small  dark  spot  at  middle,  sometimes  absent.  Before  white  band 
at  base  of  cleft  there  may  be  either  one,  two  or  no  spots,  if  tv.o  the  inner  is 
darker.  First  lobe  with  a  dark  dot  before  apex  on  inner  margin;  second  with 
a  dot  or  dash  at  apex  and  three  dashes  on  tips  of  preceding  veins.  In  this 
lobe  the  gray-brown  suffusion  sometimes  marks  the  veins  for  a  short  distance. 
Fringes  on  costa   white  with  a   few  grayish   scales,  elsewhere  brownish   gray, 


4i)7 

darker  in  the  cleft.     Secondaries  entirely  brownish  gray.     Expanse   18-20  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  resemble  those  of  micar  (see  PI.  Lll,  fig.  2)  but  the 
left  harpe  is  shorter  than  the  clasper,  and  the  small  lobe  (ampulla?)  is  lacking 
on  the  right  clasper. 

Described  from  four  specimens  taken  at  Palmerlee,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz. 
Holotype  3,  allotype  and  one  paratype  S  coll.  Barnes.  Paratype  S  U.  S.  N. 
M.  No.  23471. 

This  species  is  apparently  related  to  intcgnitus  Meyr.,  from  which 
it  differs  in  the  absence  of  a  costal  spot  over  the  base  of  the  cleft. 

Life  history  unknown. 

24.  OiDAEMATOPHORUS  INTEGRATUS  Meyrick.     PI.  XI. VT,  fig.  6.     PI. 
LII,  fig.  7. 

Ptcrophorus  integratus  Meyrick,   Exot.  Microlep.  I,   113.   1913. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,   1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

Head  brown,  white  between  antennae.  Antennae  without  dots  above. 
Palpi  moderate,  slender,  oblique.  Thorax  white,  brownish  across  tips  of  pa- 
tagia.  Abdomen  apparently  whitish,  with  gray-brown  dorsal  and  lateral  dots. 
Legs  in  poor  condition  in  our  series,  but  whitish  and  apparently  lightly  infus- 
cated  on  one  side.     Fore  and  middle  tibiae  without  tufts. 

Primaries  light  brownish  gray  with  a  vague  streak  from  base  to  cleft 
and  a  well  marked  band  around  base  of  cleft  and  along  inner  margin  of  first 
feather,  apex  white.  Second  feather  sometimes  vaguely  whitish  outwardly, 
with  slightly  darker  veins  on  its  gray  portion.  White  hand  at  base  of  cleft 
sometimes  preceded  by  a  dark  dot  or  curved  line.  Middle  of  cell  with  a  small 
dot.  Costa  with  a  gray-brown  dash  above  base  of  cleft,  preceded  and  followed 
by  white.  Costa  of  first  lobe  sometimes  with  one  or  two  dark  dots,  apex  with 
one,  and  inner  margin  with  one  near  apex.  Apex  and  outer  margin  of  second 
lobe  with  four  dark  dots  at  tips  of  veins.  Entire  wing  with  scattered  gray-brown 
scales,  usually  clustered  in  various  areas.  Fringes  brownish  gray  with  a  white 
pencil  in  cleft  before  apex  of  first  lobe  and  more  extensive  white  clusters  on 
outer  margin  of  second.  Secondaries  very  pale  brownish  gray,  fringes  simi- 
lar.    Expanse   17-19  mm 

Distribution :  Ariz.  Type  locality  Nogales.  We  have  it  from 
the  Paboquivari  Mts.,  July,  and  Palmerlee,  Cochise  Co. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

25.  OiDAEMATOPHORUS    AUSTER    n.    Sp.       PI.    XT^VI,    fig.    7.       PI.    LII, 

fig.  8. 

Head  blackish-brown,  white  between  antennae,  which  are  dark  with  a 
white  line  above,  sometimes  broken  into  dots.  Palpi  moderate,  oblique,  gray 
brown  on  the  sides  and  mostly  white  above  and  below.  Thorax  whitish,  scales 
lightly  tipped  with  gray-brown,  more  heavily  in  a  band  which  crosses  thorax 


408 

and  tips  of  patagia.  Legs  white ;  fore  and  mid  femora  and  tibiae  with  blackish- 
brown  stripes  and  without  tufts;  tarsi  and  hind  legs  touched  with  blackish 
brown  at  tips  of  joints  and  more  or  less  suffused  with  brownish  gray.  Abdomen 
gray  brown  with  a  few  white  scales.  Above  it  is  marked  with  two  white 
stripes  which  contain  a  pair  of  diverging  black  streaks  on  each  segment.  In 
the  posterior  half  of  the  abdomen  the  bases  of  each  pair  of  streaks  are  con- 
nected by  a  broad  dorsal  dash  in  the  posterior  margin  of  the  preceding  seg- 
ment.   There  are  also  some  blackish  lateral  dashes  and  two  pale  ventral  stripes. 

Primaries  clothed  with  mixed  white  and  brownish  gray  scales  and  more 
or  less  sprinkled  with  black.  They  are  more  or  less  whitish  basad  and  along 
inner  margin  of  first  lobe,  and  have  a  few  whitish  streaks  near  the  inner  mar- 
gin and  in  the  second  lobe.  There  is  a  small  dark  dot,  sometimes  scarcely 
evident,  near  middle  of  cell,  and  a  spot  before  cleft.  The  latter  is  usually 
scarcely  more  than  a  curved  transverse  shade,  sharply  limited  outwardly  by 
whitish  or  light  gray  scales  at  base  of  cleft.  Costa  with  a  heavy  blackish  dash 
over  base  of  cleft  and  shaded  with  black  in  basal  half.  Costa  of  first  lobe  with 
two  black  dots,  opposite  which  there  are  whitish  areas  in  the  fringes.  There 
is  a  pale  brown  subcostal  line  which  reaches  the  costa  in  white  patches  before 
and  after  the  black  costal  dash,  fades  out  toward  base  of  wing,  and  forks 
in  the  first  lobe,  the  two  branches  fading  out  near  the  middle  of  the  lobe. 
Between  them  is  usually  a  blackish  dash.  Apex  of  first  lobe  and  inner  margin 
before  apex  with  black  dots.  Tips  of  veins  in  second  lobe  touched  with  black. 
Fringes  brownish  gray,  on  the  second  lobe  cut  with  white  at  tips  of  veins,  at 
least  toward  apex.  On  the  first  lobe  they  are  white  from  the  preapical  dot 
on  the  inner  margin  to  the  apex,  with  a  few  dark  basal  scales.  Secondaries 
and  their  fringes  brownish  gray.     Expanse  20-27  mm. 

Described  from  fourteen  Arizona  specimens. 

Holotype  $,  allotype  and  four  paratypes  2  from  Mohave  Co.,  Aug.  and 
Sept.,  two  paratypes  S  and  one  9,  Yavapai  Co.,  and  one  paratype  2  eacli 
from  Redington  and  Paradise,  May,  in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratypes    5    and    2,  Mohave  Co.,  Sept.,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23474. 

Paratype    2  ,  Mohave  Co.,  Sept.,  in  coll.  Meyrick. 

This  beautiful  species  is  unlike  an)'  other  known  to  us,  and  may 
be  recognized  very  easily  by  the  abdominal  markings  and  the  subcostal 
stripe  on  the  primaries. 

The  life  history  is  unknown. 

26.     OlDAEMATOrHORUS   MEDIUS  n.   sp.      PI.  XLVII,   fig.    1.      PI.   LII, 

fig.  4. 

Head  brownish,  creamy  white  between  antennae.  Antennae  pale  above, 
dotted  with  brown.  Palpi  small,  slender,  oblique,  whitish;  third  joint  and  tip 
of  second  touched  with  brown.  Thorax  whitish  with  light  brown  band  across 
tips  of  patagia.  Abdomen  gray  brown  with  white  scales,  whiter  above  toward 
base,  and  on  posterior  margins  of  segments,  which  are  also  marked  with  single 
dorsal  brown  dots.     Fore  and  mid  tibiae  with  brown  stripes  and  faint  indica- 


409 

tions  of  tlie  usual  tufts;  tarsi  touched  with  gray  brown  at  tips  of  joints.  Hind 
legs  more  grayish,  tibiae  apparently  with  a  white  dorsal  line ;  darker  at  bases 
of  spurs  and  paler  at  bases  of  tarsal  joints.  Spurs  rather  short.  The  hind 
legs  are  present  in  only  one  specimen  of  the  type  series. 

Primaries  pale  dull  gray-brown  with  some  whitish  scales  and  a  variable 
sprinkling  of  black  ones.  There  is  a  rather  heavy  oblique  black  dash  or  spot 
contiguous  to  base  of  cleft  and  a  costal  spot  above  it,  preceded  and  followed 
by  whitish  fringes.  The  first  lobe  has  two  faint  black  costal  dots,  one  apical 
and  one  preapical  on  inner  margin,  and  both  it  and  the  second  are  more  or  less 
streaked  with  the  black  irroration.  There  is  a  subcostal  line  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding species,  but  in  this  case  it  is  merely  an  area  of  the  ground  color  free 
from  both  black  and  white  scales,  and  hence  is  very  inconspicuous.  Secondaries 
and   fringes  of  both  wings  gray-brown.     Expanse  17-19  mm. 

Described  from  five  specimens   from  Texas. 

Holotype  3 ,  and  two  paratypes  S  from  San  Benito,  March  16-23  and 
allotype,  Brownsville,  in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype    S,  San  Benito,  Mar.,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  23487. 

We  have  three  other  specimens  in  poor  condition  from  the  San 
Benito  series. 

Medius  is  rather  distinct  by  reason  of  its  extreme  dullness 
of  color,  lack  of  conspicuous  pattern  other  than  the  one  discal  dot, 
and  by  the  fact  that  this  dot  is  contiguous  to  the  base  of  the  cleft  and 
not  separated  from  it  by  pale  scales.  VVe  think  that  no  difticulty  will 
be  experienced  in  placing  it  by  means  of  the  key. 

The  life  history  is  not  yet  known. 

27.       OlDAEMATOPHORUS    LINUS    H.    Sp.       PI.    XLVII,    fig.    2.       PI.    LII, 

fig.  9. 

White.  Head  with  some  gray-brown  scales  above  and  in  front.  Antennae 
dotted  with  brown  above.  Palpi  small  and  slender,  third  joint  and  tip  of  second 
gray-brown.  Fore  and  middle  legs  with  some  slender  gray-brown  stripes,  no 
trace  of  tufts.  Hind  legs  with  gray-brown  lines  on  spurs  and  just  a  trace  at 
tips  of  some  tarsal  joints;  spurs  moderate.  Abdomen  with  single  dorsal  dots 
in  posterior  margins  of  segments,  sometimes  faintly  connected  by  a  dorsal  line; 
also  with  a  gray-brown  ventral  line  and  lateral  spots  or  dashes. 

Primaries  white,  more  or  less  heavily  irrorate  with  brownish  black  scales 
which  are  more  numerous  toward  inner  margin  and  apices  of  lobes.  Costa 
with  a  dark  dash  over  base  of  cleft  and  another  beyond  middle  of  first  lobe. 
Apex  of  first  lobe,  inner  margin  just  before  apex,  and  tips  of  veins  in  second 
lobe  with  brownish  black  dots.  Those  on  the  second  lobe  are  usually  indis- 
tinguishable from  the  scattered  black  scales  which  surround  them.  There  is  a 
dark  spot  a  short  space  before  the  cleft  which  is  produced  obliquely  toward 
the  costal  dash.     Fringes  brownish  gray  with  whitish  pencils  at  tips  of  veins 


410 

of  second  lobe  and  one  before  apex  of  first.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes 
brownish-gray.     Expanse  21-22  mm. 

Described   from  seven  specimens. 

Holotype  i  and  one  paratype  S,  New  Brighton,  Pa.,  June  (Merrick)  in 
coll.  Barnes. 

Allotype  Hampton,  N.  II.,  July  (Shaw)  and  one  paratype  S,  Wapakoneta, 
Ohio,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23475. 

Paratype  S  ,  Mass.  and  one  paratype  with  broken  abdomen  from  James- 
ville,  Md.,  Cambridge  Museum,  together  with  a  fragmentary  specimen  from 
Hazleton,  Pa. 

Paratype    9,  Hatch  Exp.  Sta.,  Mass.,  July  2,  1897,  coll.  Fernald. 

Linus  is  also  a  very  distinct  species,  with  its  rather  narrow  pri- 
maries coarsel}'  powdered  with  blackish  scales  over  the  white  ground 
color.  None  of  the  types  is  in  perfect  condition,  but  the  species 
appears  to  be  rare  so  we  have  added  as  many  as  possible  to  the  type 
series. 

We  have  no  information  about  the  life  history. 

28.     OiD.AEMATOPiioRus  FisHii  Fernald.    PI.  XLY,  fig.  1.  2.    PI.  LIII, 

fig.  7. 
Aludta  fishii  Fernald,  Can.  Ent.  XXV,  95,  1893. 
Pterophonts  fishii  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  40,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  444,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 
tPterophoriis  fislii  Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

i .  Pale  brownish  gray.  Palpi  with  a  few  darker  scales  toward  tip ; 
small  and  oblique.  Antennae  very  faintly  dotted  above.  Legs  mixed  gray 
and  whitish,  tarsi  darker  at  tips  of  joints  Fore  and  mid  tibiae  with  slight 
scale  tufts.     Spurs  of  hind  tibiae  short. 

Primaries  light  gray-brown,  sometimes  mixed  with  white  scales.  Costa 
with  a  gray-brown  dash  over  base  of  cleft  and  a  longer  one,  sometimes  divided 
into  two,  beyond.  Cleft  preceded  at  a  short  distance  by  a  slight  dark  spot, 
obliquely  prolonged  in  a  faint  shade  toward  costal  dash.  This  spot  is  sometimes 
no  darker  than  the  ground  color,  indicated  by  the  paler  scales  which  follow  it. 
There  are  a  few  darker  gray  brown  scales  scattered  over  the  wing.  Fringes 
very  pale  gray  brown  with  a  few  whitish  areas.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes 
scarcely  darker  than  primaries. 

9  .  Much  paler  than  $ .  White  with  the  darker  marks  of  the  S  present 
but  pale  brownish  gray.  Fringes  of  primaries  extremely  pale,  whitish.  Under 
a  lens  normal  specimens  show  pure  white  clusters  in  the  fringes,  but  in  the 
palest  specimens  they  are  entirely  pure  white.  The  secondaries  are  faintly 
tinged  with  gray.  Some  specimens  are  almost  pure  white,  but  none  in  our 
possession  fails  to  show  the  costal  dash  over  base  of  cleft  and  mark  before 
cleft  under  a  lens.     Expanse  17-23  mm. 


411 

Distribution :  Described  from  Nevada.  Ariz.,  S.  Cal.,  Utah,  July 
to  Sept.  Dr.  McDunnough  sent  us  one  S  taken  at  Avveme,  Man., 
July  13,  1904,  which  appeared  to  be  fishii,  but  it  was  in  such  poor  con- 
dition that  we  could  not  be  certain  of  its  identity. 

This  is  the  only  species  known  to  us  in  which  the  sexes  differ. 
A  good  series  in  the  Grinnell  collection  from  the  San  Bernardino  Mts., 
Cal.,  convinced  us  of  this,  for  it  was  possible  to  separate  the  males 
and  females  of  this  series,  without  an  exception,  without  examining 
the  sexual  organs.  Our  own  material  was  too  limited  to  bring  us  to 
this  conclusion,  but  it  is  significant  that  we  had  set  aside  a  series  of 
males  from  Cal.  and  Ariz,  as  a  new  species,  and  a  series  of  females 
from  Utah  as  fishii  before  seeing  Grinnell's  series. 

In  order  to  avoid  confusion  which  might  have  arisen  from  the 
extreme  paleness  of  the  markings  in  some  females,  we  are  including 
the  species  in  the  key  both  in  the  group  having  a  costal  mark  over 
the  base  of  the  cleft  and  in  the  one  which  lacks  this  mark,  though  it 
appears  to  be  at  least  faintly  developed  in  all  of  our  specimens,  as 
already  noted. 

The  unique  9  type  is  in  the  Fernald  collection.  It  now  consists 
of  the  thorax  and  left  secondary  only,  but  in  the  pale  color  of  the 
wing  it  corresponds  with  our  females. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

29.     OlDAEMATOPHORUS  CADMUS  n.  sp.      PI.   XLVTI,   fig.  3.      PI.  LII, 
fig.  5. 

Head  brown  in  front,  slightly  brownish  above,  white  between  antennae. 
Antennae  and  palpi  white,  the  latter  rather  short,  slender  and  oblique.  Thorax 
and  abdomen  whitish,  the  latter  with  three  brown  stripes  below  and  sometimes 
vague  traces  of  two  above.  Legs  white,  fore  and  mid  tibiae  and  all  spurs  with 
fine  brown  stripes.  Spurs  long,  first  pair  on  hind  tibiae  reaching  well  over 
half  way  to  terminal  pair,  and  these  about  half  as  long  as  first  joint  of  tarsi. 

Primaries  white,  irrorate  with  brown.  The  brown  scales  darken  the  first 
lobe  rather  evenly,  but  are  more  or  less  blotchy  elsewhere.  At  base  of  cleft 
is  a  white  space  preceded  by  a  curved,  powdery  brown  line  which  margins  a 
patch  of  brown  irroration  extending  slightly  basad  and  joining  a  costal  brown 
dash  over  base  of  cell.  Beyond  this  is  one  other  costal  spot.  Apex  of  first 
lobe,  inner  margin  before  apex  and  sometimes  tips  of  veins  in  second  lobe 
with  small  browMi  dots.  Fringes  white  or  whitish  in  cleft  with  brownish  gray 
tufts  at  and  before  apex  of  first  lobe;  white  on  costa,  gray  brown  at  spots; 
brownish  gray  mixed  with  white  ehewhere,  with  two  white  patches  on  outer 
margin  of  second  lobe.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes  very  pale  brownish  gray. 
Expanse  14-16  mm. 


412 

Described  from  ten  males,  nine  from  Palmerlee,  Ariz.,  and  one  (paratype) 
from  Camp  Baldy,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Cal.,  all  taken  in  July. 

Holotype  and  eight  paratypes  coll.  Barnes. 

Parat>'pe  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23476. 

This  little  species  is  not  unlike  our  Adaina  zcphyria  in  superfi- 
cial appearance,  but  differs  in  having  the  discal  spot  separated  from 
the  base  of  the  cleft  by  a  white  area,  and  in  the  much  less  prominent 
spots  on  the  margins  of  the  lobes  of  the  primaries. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  life  history. 

30.     OlDAEMATOPHORUS  lOBATES  n.  sp.     PI.  XLVII,  fig.  16.     PI.  LIV, 

fig.  12. 

Head  brown  above  and  in  front,  brownish  white  between  antennae.  An- 
tennae with  a  slender,  somewhat  broken  brown  line  above.  Palpi  moderately 
long,  very  slender,  white  with  a  brown  line  outside.  Fore  and  middle  legs 
white  with  brown  stripes,  the  tarsi  with  dashes  on  one  side  or  merely  brown 
shading.  Hind  legs  whitish,  sprinkled  with  brown  scales,  sometimes  very 
heavily.  Tarsi  with  the  joints  tipped  and  slightly  shaded  with  brown.  Spurs 
long,  the  inner  spur  of  first  pair  reaching  well  over  half  way  to  end  of  tibiae, 
the  rest  relatively  shoiltr  tliuii  in  cadmus.  Thorax  and  abdomen  brownish 
white,  the  latter  sprinkled  with  brown  scales  about  as  heavily  as  primaries  and 
usually  marked  with  single  brown  dorsal  dots  in  posterior  margins  of  segments, 
and  a  powdery  ventral  line. 

Primaries  brownish  white  to  pale  tawny,  in  the  first  case  a  little  ochreous 
in  first  lobe  and  in  the  second  more  whitish  toward  base.  The  wings  are 
sprinkled  with  dark  brown  scales,  most  heavily  in  second  lobe  and  along  inner 
half.  The  irroration  is  limited  to  these  areas  in  some  specimens.  Costa  usually 
darkened  with  these  scales  in  basal  half,  always  with  a  long  dash  over  base 
of  cleft  and  one  or  two  spots  beyond,  the  outer  one  larger.  The  irroration 
forms  a  poorly  defined  spot  at  base  of  cleft,  its  nucleus  apparently  separated 
from  the  cleft,  and  sometimes  a  smaller  spot  near  middle  of  cell.  Apex  of  first 
lobe,  inner  margin  before  apex,  and  tips  of  veins  in  second  lobe  with  brown 
dots.  Those  on  the  second  lobe  are  often  obscured  by  the  brown  irroration. 
Fringes  concolorous  with  wing  or  nearly  so  on  inner  margin  and  in  base  of 
cleft,  becoming  much  darker  toward  apices  of  both  lobes.  The  dark  areas 
contain  brownish  black  basal  scales  at  the  apices  of  the  lobes,  and  a  few 
clusters  of  pale  scales  before  apices.  Secondaries  and  fringes  pale  gray-brown. 
Expanse  17-20  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  have  no  tufts  on  the  claspers,  as  is  the  case  in  the 
two  following  species. 

Described  from  nineteen  specimens  taken  by  O.  C.  Poling  in  April  and 
May  8-15,  en  route  from  Dewey  to  Salome,  Ariz. 

Holotype   5,  allotype  and  12  paratypes,   $    and    9,  in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratypes    i   and    9 ,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23477. 


413 

Paratj^e    9    Cambridge  Museum. 

Paratype    $   coll.  Fernald. 

Paratjpe    9    coll.  Meyrick. 

lobatcs  appears  to  be  related  to  cadmus,  and  is  even  more  closely 
related  to  ares.  Some  specimens  of  the  last  named  may  be  easily  con- 
fused with  it,  but  these  can  be  distinguished  by  the  more  sharply  defined 
spot  almost  contiguous  to  the  base  of  the  cleft  and  by  the  unstriped 
palpi.  In  iobatcs  the  dark  stripe  is  present  in  all  of  the  type  series. 
while  in  the  related  species  we  are  unable  to  see  even  a  trace  of  dark 
scales. 

31.      OlDAEMATOPHORUS  COCHISE  n.  sp.      PI.  XLVII,  fig.  17.      PI.  LIII, 

fig.  4. 

Head  brown,  with  a  whitish  patch  between  antennae.  Antennae  whitish 
with  a  brown  line  above.  Palpi  moderate,  slender,  whitish.  Legs  as  in  tobates. 
Thorax  and  abdomen  brownish  white,  the  latter  with  a  few  dorsal  and  lateral 
brown  dots. 

Primaries  pale  tawny,  sometimes  more  whitish  toward  base.  Costa  brown 
from  base  almost  to  cleft,  then  with  a  brown  dash,  sometimes  no  more  con- 
spicuous than  the  first  line,  which  is  preceded  and  followed  by  some  whitish 
scales.  First  lobe  with  two  dark  brown  costal  dots,  usually  conspicuous,  an 
apical  dot,  and  one  before  apex  on  inner  margin.  Second  lobe  with  or  without 
a  few  dark  dots  at  tips  of  veins.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  brown  spot,  the  inter- 
vening space  often  filled  with  scales  of  the  same  color.  There  is  also  a  small 
dot  near  middle  of  cell,  some  scattered  brown  scales,  less  numerous  toward 
costa,  and  sometimes  a  few  white  scales  in  the  apices  of  the  lobes.  Fringes 
tawny-gray  along  inner  margin,  a  little  darker  around  apex  of  second  lobe  and 
in  cleft,  and  dark  brownish  gray  before  apex  of  first  lobe  with  a  wliitc  pencil 
at  marginal  dot.  There  are  some  white  hairs  along  the  fringes  and  a  few  pale 
areas,  especially  on  the  outer  margin  of  the  second  lobe  where  there  are  two, 
often  whitish.  Secondaries  brownish  gray  to  grayish  tawny,  with  concolorous 
fringes.     Expanse  17-19  mm. 

Described  from  five  specimens  from  Palmerlee,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz.,  without 
dates  and  one   $    (parat>-pe)   from  Jemez  Springs,  N.  M.,  July  1-7. 

Holotype   S ,  allotype  and  3  paratypes   9    in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype    9  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23478. 

Cochise  is  very  similar  to  iobatcs  but  is  distinct  in  several  small 
superficial  features,  as  well  as  in  genitalia.  The  whitish  palpi  without 
a  lateral  dark  stripe  are  a  convenient  character  for  its  separation.  The 
genitalia  are  very  close  to  those  of  arcs,  but  we  cannot  regard  the 
superficial  features  of  the  two  as  mere  varietal  differences,  and  this 
suggests  that  the  different  position  of  the  hair  tuft  on  tlie  claspers 


411 

may  be  of  some  value.     Unfortunately  our  series  are  too  small  to 
allow  proper  investigation  of  this  feature  in  the  two  species. 
The  life  history  is  unknown. 

32.     OlDAEM.ATOPHOKUS  ARES   n.   sp.      PI.   XLVII,   fig.    18.      PI.   LJII, 

fig.  1. 

Head  brown,  tawny-white  between  antennae.  Antennae  with  a  row  of 
variably  heavy  brown  dots  above.  Palpi  moderate,  slender,  whitish.  Fore  and 
middle  legs  white  with  brown  lines,  continued  onto  first  joint  of  tarsi ;  tarsi 
also  shaded  with  brown.  Hind  legs  light  brownish,  tarsi  slightly  paler.  Spurs 
rather  long.  Thorax  and  abdomen  tawny,  the  latter  with  some  single  dorsal 
brown  dots  in  posterior  margins  of  segments,  otherwise  immaculate. 

Primaries  even  ochreous-tawny.  Cell  with  a  brown  dot  near  middle  and 
cleft  preceded  by  a  heavy  but  not  large  brown  spot,  from  which  a  few  scales 
sometimes  extend  to  embrace  the  extreme  base  of  the  cleft.  Costa  without  a 
patch  over  base  of  cleft,  but  sometimes  with  its  position  indicated  by  two  pale 
areas.  First  lobe  with  two  brown  dots  on  costa,  one  near  middle,  sometimes 
absent,  and  one  beyond,  a  more  elongate  spot  at  apex  and  a  heavier  one  before 
apex  on  inner  margin.  Second  lobe  sometimes  with  a  few  dark  scales  at  tips 
of  veins.  There  are  a  few  scattered  brown  scales  on  the  wing,  chiefly  along 
tl'.e  inner  margin  near  the  base.  Fringes  grayish  tawny  with  a  dark  brownish 
gray  patch  preceding  apex  of  first  lobe  with  a  few  pale  hairs  at  the  marginal 
dot,  and  a  similar  but  paler  and  less  conspicuous  dark  region  at  apex  of  second 
lobe.  Secondaries  gray-brown,  their  fringes  a  little  more  tawny.  Expanse 
20-22.5  mm. 

Described  from  five  specimens,  of  wliich  we  have  made  four  types  as 
follows : 

Holotype  9,  Stockton,  Utah,  July  30  (Spalding)  allot\pe  and  one  para- 
type    9,  Provo,  Utah,  Aug.   12  (Spalding)   in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratvpe  9,  Beulah,  N.  M.,  8000  it..  July  (Cockerell)  U.  S.  N.  M,  No. 
23479. 

.Ires  is  closely  related  to  cochisc  but  is  much  more  evenly  colored 
and  has  less  blackish-brown  irroration.  The  absence  of  the  costal 
dash  over  the  base  of  the  cleft  appears  to  be  constant,  and  is  in  itself 
enough  to  distinguish  the  species. 

55.     OiDAEMATOPiiORUs  TiNCTi's  Walsinghaiii.     PI.  XI.V,  fig.  3.     PI. 
T.II.  fig.  3. 

Ptrnil'iKints  tiiiclus  Walsingliam,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.  Lep.  Het.  IV,  443,   1915. 
We  reproduce  all  that  the  "Biologia"  says  about  the  species : 
".hitcnnae   whitish.     Palpi  slender,   porrect,   reaching   half   the   length   of 

the  head  beyond  it:  whitish.     Head  and   face  ochrcous,  whitish  on  the  crown. 

Tliora.v  pale  ochrcous.     forcivings  pale  ochreous,  strongly  tinged  with  brownish 


415 

ochreous  on  the  costal  half,  along  the  cell,  and  nearly  to  the  apex;  on  the 
apical  lobe  an  obliquely  curved  reddish  brown  spot  at  the  base  of  the  fissure, 
an  elongate  dark  fuscous  spot  on  the  costa,  above  the  basal  half  of  the  fissure, 
separated  by  a  pale  spot  from  a  few  fuscous  scales  beyond  it ;  a  minute  blackish 
spot  on  the  lower  edge  of  the  apical  lobe,  between  which  and  the  apex  the  cilia 
are  reddish  brown,  the  remaining  cilia  above  and  below  the  lohc  being  pale 
ochreous;  the  dorsal  cilia  of  the  tornal  lobe  are  also  tinged  with  reddish  brown. 
Exp.  al.  15  mm.  Hindwings  and  cilia  shining,  yellowish  brown.  Abdomen  pale 
ochreous.  Legs  whitish,  the  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  smeared  with  brownish  fus- 
cous. 

"Type    9    (65514)   Mus.  Wlsm.   (Godm.-Sah:  Coll.)   B.  M. 

"Hab.  Mexico:  Guerrero:  Amula.  6000  ft.,  VIII-IX  (H.  H.  Smith).  Two 
specimens,  one  much  injured." 

We  have  three  specimens,  two  £  and  one  without  an  abdomen, 
from  Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz.,  August.  One  of  these  was  com- 
pared by  Mr.  Meyrick  with  the  type  of  tincins  and  returned  as  that 
species.  From  this  series  we  note  that  the  color  is  rather  more  yel- 
lowish than  ochreous.  and  that  the  secondaries  are  what  we  have  called 
pale  brownish  gray  in  our  descriptions.  The  first  lobe  of  the  primaries 
may  have  either  one  or  two  costal  dots  beyond  the  first  brown  mark. 
Our  smallest  specimen  expands  about  15.2  mm.  and  our  largest  17  mm. 

34.     OiDAEMATOPHORUS  HELiANTHi  Walsinghaui.     PI.  XLVII,  fig.  6, 

PI.  LII,  fig.  12. 
LioptUus  hcUantld  Walsinyham.  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  54,  pi.  Ill,   f.  11,  1880. 

Dimmock,   Psyche  ITT,  404.   1882. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35,  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889. 
Alucita  hcliantUi  Feniald.  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Pterophorus  helianthi  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  43,   1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

Anderson.  Cat.  B.  C.  Lap.  50,  1904. 

Dynr,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII,  924,   1904. 

B.'  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Mc\rick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  23,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151.  1917. 
Head  brown,  whitish  between  antennae.  Antennae  whitish  with  brown  dots 
above.  Palpi  moderate,  slender,  whitish  with  gray-brown  scales  on  outer  side. 
Fore  and  middle  legs  whitish,  he.ivily  shaded  with  gray-brown  on  one  side. 
Hind  legs  whitish,  shaded  at  bases  of  spurs  and  tips  of  tarsal  joints.  Thorax 
concolorous  with  primaries,  .\hdomen  similar  above  with  dark  gray  brown 
dorsal  dots,  more  or  less  elongate,  forming  a  broken  dorsal  line;  beneath 
heavily  shaded  near  middle  and  with  an  obscure  dark  ventral  line. 


416 

Primaries  brownish  white  to  tawny  with  some  scattered  dark  brown 
scales.  There  is  sometimes  a  small  dot  near  middle  of  cell  and  a  dark  dash 
on  costa  over  base  of  cleft,  but  botli  are  often  lacking.  A  short  distance 
before  the  cleft  and  slightly  toward  inner  margin  there  is  a  rounded  dark 
brown  spot,  rather  well  defined,  which  may  be  extended  as  much  as  half  way 
to  the  costa  by  an  oblique  line  of  dark  scales,  and  occasionally  the  anterior 
extremity  of  this  mark  alone  is  evident  as  a  spot  much  more  vague  than  the 
first  and  preceded  by  some  of  the  dark  scales,  grouped  into  a  vague  line.  Apex 
of  first  lobe,  inner  margin  before  apex,  and  sometimes  tips  of  veins  of  second 
lobe  with  dark  dots.  Fringes  concolorous,  those  in  cleft  with  dark  areas,  not 
abruptly  limited,  just  before  apices  of  both  lobes.  In  some  specimens  these 
areas  are  not  actually  very  dark,  but  they  are  always  noticeably  darker  than 
the  wing.  Secondaries  gray  brown,  bases  paler ;  fringes  slightly  more  tawny. 
Expanse  21-29.5  mm. 

Distribution ;  Type  locality  Siskiyou  Mts..  S.  Ore.  Cal,  July 
and  Aug.  Colo.,  Aug.  The  type  series  was  taken  in  June.  Dyar 
records  one  specimen,  with  doubt,  from  South  Fork  Creek,  E.  C. 

The  large  size  and  broad  wings  of  Iiclianthi  separate  it  at  once 
from  the  related  species.  We  have  a  single  specimen  whose  expanse 
is  about  21  mm.,  but  this  is  very  unusual ;  the  expanse  is  usually  at 
least  24  mm.  The  general  habitus  is  very  distinctive  when  once  the 
species  is  seen. 

r)ur  Colorado  sijccimens  are  from  Denver  and  S.  Park  (fXslar) 
and  average  smaller  than  Californian  examples  but  are  otherwise 
aljout  the  same. 

Walsingham  described  Iiclianthi  from  seven  specimens  "bred  from 
larvae  feeding  on  a  species  of  ficliaiitliiis."  One  of  these,  now  without 
an  abdomen,  is  in  the  Fernald  collection,  and  the  actual  type  in  the 
r.ritish  Museum, 

.i5.     OiDAEMATOPiiORUS  HOMODAcTYLUS  Walker.     PI.  XLV,  fig.  4.     Pi. 

LI II,  fig.  5. 
rtcrophoriis  homodactylus  Walker,  List  Lcp.  Ins,  B,  M.  XXX,  941,  1864, 

Dvar,  Psyche  VIII,  250,  1898. 

Fernald,  Pter,  N.  A,  41,  pi.  IV,  ff,  1,  2,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U,  S,  N.  M.  445,   1902. 

Kearfott,  Can.   Ent.   XXXVII,  294,   1905, 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  86,  1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars.  17,  24,   1913. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.-Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  440,  1915, 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917, 

McDunnough,  Can.  Ent.  I J  I.  89,  pi,   II,   f.  2,   1920,   (biol,), 

Britton,  Ins,   Conn,   103,   1920, 


417 

?  Lioptilus  homodactylus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  SO,  pi.  Ill,  f.  9,  1880. 
Lioptilus  homodactylus  Coquillett,  Papilio  II,  62,  1882,   (biol.). 

Kellicott,  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.  IV,  48,  1882. 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  404,  1882. 

Id.,  op.  cit.  413,   1882,  (biol). 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889  (in  part). 
tAlucita  homodactyla  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87.  1891. 
^Ptcrophorus  homodaclyhis  Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Entirely  snowy  white.  Palpi  small,  slender,  appressed,  with  a  few  fus- 
cous scales  outside.  Front  femora  slightly  infuscated,  and  under  side  of  pri- 
maries with  a  trace  of  similar  color.  Primaries  above  with  a  slight  irroration 
of  brownish  gray  in  costal  half,  sometimes  scarcely  perceptible  except  in  first 
lobe,  and  a  small  dot  well  before  base  of  cleft.  The  tips  of  the  veins  in  both 
lobes  usually  bear  sHght  dots  or  dashes  but  in  most  specimens  these  are  very 
inconspicuous.     Secondaries  tinged  with  grayish.     Expanse  24-26  mm. 

The  mid  tibiae  have  a  fringe  of  scales  down  the  inside,  but  no  tufts,  as 
in  the  following  species. 

Distribution:  Que.  to  B.  C,  south  into  N.  J.,  111.  and  Cal,  June 
to  Aug. 

The  ahnost  immaculate  snowy  whiteness  of  this  species  cHsting- 
uishes  it  from  all  save  pale  examples  of  clliottii,  with  which  it  has  been 
regarded  as  synonymous  by  some  writers.  We  find  the  markings  of 
clliottii  variable,  but  the  two  species  can  always  be  separated  by  the 
vestiture  of  the  mid  tibiae.  The  genitalia  are  indistinguishable  as  far 
as  we  can  observe. 

A  single  specimen  from  the  Hope  Mts.,  B.  C,  July,  sent  in  for 
identification  by  Mr.  G.  O.  Day  suggested  an  interesting  difficulty 
connected  with  the  identification  of  these  species.  It  is  veiy  common 
for  the  body  of  a  white  Pterophorid  to  be  stained  "cafe-au-lait"  color, 
but  in  this  specimen  almost  the  entire  wings  were  also  stained,  and 
only  a  close  examination  with  a  lens  disclosed  the  fact  that  the  tips 
of  the  primaries  bore  asymmetrical  white  areas.  The  tips  of  the  veins 
in  this  specimen  were  also  unusually  heavily  marked. 

The  life  history  has  been  treated  by  various  writers,  and  some 
have  doubtless  confused  the  species  with  clliottii.  Dr.  McDunnough 
has  worked  out  the  early  stages  of  both  species  with  his  usual  care, 
and  we  quote  his  descriptions  of  larva  and  pupa.  We  have  specimens 
reared  by  Dr.  McDunnough,  and  find  that  his  identifications  agree 
with  our  own,  based  upon  Meyrick's  comparison  with  the  type  of 
homodactylus  and  our  own  examination  of  Fernald's  types. 


418 

"Lanra  (full-grown). — Head  pale  greenish  ochreous.  Body  light  green 
with  dorsal  ochreous  line  broken  in  the  centre  of  each  segment  so  that  the 
anterior  portion  tends  to  form  a  short  inverted  Y,  and  the  posterior  portion, 
commencing  as  a  fine  line,  thickens  into  a  small  elongate  diamond-shaped  patch, 
again  narrowing  at  the  rear  of  each  segment.  A  broken,  subdorsal,  ochreous 
line  is  also  present,  situated  dorsad  to  tubercle  III  and  curved  downward  on 
the  posterior  portion  of  each  segment;  traces  of  a  spiracular  line  are  present 
on  the  thoracic  segments. 

"The  hair  arising  from  the  tubercles  is  long,  dull-white  and  slightly  barbed ; 
the  normal  arrangement  of  setae  on  an  abdominal  segment  is  as  follows  :— 
tubercles  I  and  II  are  distinct  but  contiguous ;  I  has  four  long  subequal  setae, 
II  bears  two  similar  ones  and  a  further  short  posterior  one,  pointing  backward. 
Tubercle  III  shows  one  long  central  seta  and  two  shorter  anterior  ones,  bent 
forward.  On  the  first  seven  abdominal  segments  a  single  hair  on  the  pos- 
terior margin  of  the  segment  dorsad  to  the  spiracle  probably  represents  III  a. 
Tubercle  IV  -|-  V  is  very  large  and  situated  directly  on  the  lateral  flange; 
it  bears  about  twelve  hairs,  mostly  long.  Directly  behind  them  is  a  tubercle 
bearing  two  medium-sized  hairs  and  two  short  ones;  this  is  presumably  Illb 
of  Dyar.  Tubercle  VI,  below  the  flange,  bears  ten  to  twelve  hairs  and  VII 
is  represented  by  several  hairs  at  the  base  of  the  prolegs.  The  thoracic  seg- 
ments show  the  usual  modifications:  on  the  mesothorax  I  -f  II  bears  three 
long,  subequal  hairs  and  one  short  anterior  hair  and  on  the  metathorax  this 
number  is  increased  by  a  single  moderately  long  hair:  both  segments  show  a 
single  hair  directly  posterior  to  this  group.  Tubercle  III  shows  four  setae  of 
which  the  central  one  is  the  longest;  in  line  with  the  abdominal  spiracles  near 
the  rear  edge  of  the  segment  is  a  tubercle  which  bears  one  medium  hair  and 
one  small  hair  pointing  backwards  (?  Illb).  The  prothoracic  plate  is  not 
well  defined ;  two  large  patches  of  white  hair  project  over  the  head ;  behind 
these  are  two  long  single  hairs  and  on  the  posterior  portion  three  tubercles, 
the  central  one  bearing  two  hairs  and  each  lateral  one  three.  Two  large  lateral 
tubercles  with  numerous  hairs  are  present,  the  raised  spiracle  being  situated 
posterior  to  the  upper  one  near  the  rear  margin  of  the  segment.    Length  14  mm. 

"Pupa  (Fig.  2). — Pale  green,  with  long,  white,  subequal  hairs;  wing-cases 
smooth  with  fringe  of  short  hair  only  on  margin  of  primaries.  The  ends  of 
the  leg  sheaths  project  free  but  unequally  above  the  fifth  and  sixth  abdominal 
segments;  the  inner  sheaths  (prothoracic  legs)  reach  to  the  rear  edge  of  the 
fifth  segment,  the  outer  ones  (mesothoracic)  to  the  middle  of  the  sixth  seg- 
ment; beneath  these  a  third  pair  (metathoracic)  projects  still  further,  reaching 
nearly  to  the  rear  edge  of  the  segment.  The  antennal  sheaths  are  slightly 
shorter  than  the  prothoracic  legs.  Apex  of  pupa  sloping  gently  forward  to 
base  of  antennae  where  a  distinct  crescentic  flange  or  ridge  is  formed;  a  dis- 
tinct sub-dorsal  ridge  is  present,  becoming  obsolete  caudad  to  the  second  abdom- 
inal segment.  There  is  a  narrow,  cream-coloured  dorsal  stripe,  a  broad  sub- 
dorsal one  along  the  ridge,  encircling  tubercles  I  and  II,  two  pale  broken 
lateral  stripes,  slightly  downwardly  oblique  from  front  to  rear,  the  lower  one 
broader  and  crossing  tubercle  III,  and  a  creamy  stripe  along  the  lateral  flange. 


419 

"The  tubercular  setae  are  reduced  in  number  as  compared  with  those  of 
the  hirval  stage;  two  white  hairs  arise  from  botli  tubercles  I  and  II,  tubercle 
III  shows  a  single  hair;  tubercles  IV  and  V  appear  to  have  become  separated, 
both  being  situated  on  the  lateral  flange,  the  former  with  two,  the  latter  with 
two  or  three  smaller  hairs.  The  number  of  dorsal  hairs  is  increased  on  the 
two  posterior  abdominal  segments  and  on  the  thoracic  ones  tubercle  III  shows 
the  usual  two  setae.  There  is  on  the  prothorax  a  posterior  row  of  eight  setae 
crossing  the  segment,  a  single  lateral  hair  and  a  fringe  of  hairs  across  the  apex." 

36.    OiDAEMATOPHORus  ELLiOTTii  Femalcl.    PI.  XLV,  fig.  5. 
■fLioptilus  homodactyhis  Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889  (in  part). 
Alucita  elliottii  Femald,  Can.  Ent.  XXV,  95,  1893. 
Pterophorus  elliottii  Femald,  Pter.  N.  A.  42,  pi.  VIII,  f.  1,  2,  1898. 

Dyar,  Psyche  VIII,  250,  1898,   (biol.). 

Fernald,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

Forbes,  Psyche  XVI,  136,  1909. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  86,  1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars   17,  24,  1913. 

McDunnough,  Can.  Ent.  LII,  90,  pi.  II,  f.  3,  1920   (biol.). 

Britton,  Ins.  Conn.  103,  1920. 
tPterophorus  ctliotti  Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

Head  brown,  white  between  antennae.  Antennae  white.  Palpi  small, 
slender,  appressed,  touched  with  brown  on  outer  side.  Legs  white,  fore  and 
mid  femora  and  tibiae  brown  inside ;  first  joint  of  mid  and  hind  tarsi  and 
hind  tibiae  at  bases  of  spurs  usually  touched  with  brown.  Spurs  with  a  brown 
line  on  one  side,  rather  long.  Mid  tibiae  with  moderately  developed  median 
and  terminal  tufts.  Thorax  white.  Abdomen  white  with  dorsal,  ventral  and 
broken  ventro-lateral  stripes,  the  dorsal  line  never  heavy  and  sometimes  lacking. 
Primaries  snowy  white  with  scattered  grayish  brown  scales,  most  numer- 
ous in  costal  region  and  below  cell.  Costa  with  a  dash  just  beyond  base  of 
cleft,  usually  powdery  and  sometimes  scarcely  traceable  or  absent.  This  mark 
is  continued  obliquely  inward,  becoming  faint  but  usually  connected  with  a 
rounded  spot  some  distance  before  base  of  cleft.  Cell  with  a  dot  near  middle 
in  some  specimens.  Costa  of  first  lobe  with  two  blackish  dots  in  the  more 
heavily  marked  specimens,  and  apex,  inner  margin  before  apex,  and  tips  of 
veins  of  second  lobe  with  similar  dots.  Our  most  heavily  powdered  specimen 
has  a  brown  subcostal  line  in  the  first  lobe  which  extends  slightly  basad  along 
costal  margin  of  cell.  Fringes  pale  gray  brown  with  white  bases,  white  in  cleft. 
Secondaries  white,  sometimes  tinged  with  gray;  fringes  gray  tipped.  Expanse 
21-26  mm. 

Distribution:  Que.  to  Man.,  south  into  N.  J.  and  111.  Late  June 
and  July. 

The  numerous  superficial  features  in  which  elliottii  differs  from 
homodactyhis  are  so  variable  that  they  do  not  sufiice  to  separate  some 


420 

pale  specimens,  but  the  tufted  tibiae  are  always  dependable  if  we 
except  the  cripples  which  are  so  numerous  in  collections  of  this  family. 
The  genitalia  show  no  dilTercnce  (see  pi.  LlII,  fig.  5,  Iwinodactyliis). 

There  are  four  male  and  three  female  "types"  in  the  Fernald 
collection,  all  from  New  York. 

"Larva  (full-grown), — Head  pale  oclireous.  Body  light  green  with  long, 
white,  shiny,  non-spiculate  hairs  from  the  tubercles,  the  longest  being  about  4 
mm.  in  length.  Except  on  the  prothorax  there  is  a  distinct  creamy  dorsal  line 
broken  in  the  centre  of  each  segment  by  a  small,  round  dot  of  the  ground  color; 
traces  of  a  pale  subdorsal  line  are  visible  crossing  tubercles  I  and  II.  espe- 
cially shortly  before  pupation ;  a  somewhat  broken  pale  lateral  line  midway 
between  tubercles  I  and  III  and  a  similar  spiracular  line,  broken  on  the  posterior 
portion  of  each  segment.  Prothoracic  plate  indistinctly  defined,  the  arrange- 
ment of  setae  on  this  seginent  being  similar  to  that  found  in  Iwnwductylus. 
On  the  other  thoracic  segments  tubercle  I  +  II  bears  two  long,  central  hairs 
and  three  shorter  ones,  two  anterior  and  one  posterior.  A  single  minute  hair 
is  situated  directly  posterior  to  this  group.  Tubercle  III  shows  two  long  cen- 
tral setae,  two  minute  posterior  ones  and  three  longer  anterior  ones ;  tubercle 
IV  has  four  long  central  hairs  and  six  or  seven  shorter  ones  arranged  in  a 
crescent  around  the  edge ;  three  short  hairs  are  present  on  a  level  with  the 
abdominal  spiracle.  On  the  abdominal  segments  tubercle  I  bears  one  long, 
shiny,  smooth,  central  seta,  three  anterior  shorter  ones  and  one  posterior  one, 
very  minute;  tubercle  II  is  represented  by  a  central,  long  hair,  two  shorter 
posterior  ones,  pointing  backward,  and  one  very  short  anterior  hair;  tubercle 
III  bears  the  same  number  of  setae  as  tubercle  I ;  tubercle  IV  -f  V  shows  four 
long  central  hairs  and  about  seven  shorter  ones,  arranged  in  a  semicircle 
around  the  ventral  portion  of  the  tubercle ;  posterior  to  this  group  two  short 
hairs,  pointing  backward,  probably  represent  tubercle  Illb;  tubercle  VI  is  a 
large  one  with  about  twelve  hairs  of  which  several  are  long ;  several  hairs  at 
the  base  of  the  prolegs  represent  tubercle  VII.     Length   14  mm. 

"Pupa  (Fig.  3). — Very  similar  to  that  of  homodactylus,  green  with  the 
same  pale  ochreous  markings :  the  white  hairs  from  the  tubercles  are,  however, 
shorter  and  more  numerous,  the  abdominal  segments  contain  a  short  white 
centrodorsal  hair,  midway  between  tubercles  I,  and  the  wing  cases,  besides  the 
lateral  fringe  of  fine  hair,  bear  several  additional  rows  of  still  shorter  hair; 
the  sheaths  of  the  two  posterior  pairs  of  legs  are  also  of  equal  length.  On 
the  first  three  abdominal  segments  tubercle  I  is  preceded  by  a  patch  of  small, 
white  secondary  hair,  and  on  these  same  segments  it  bears  one  long  central 
white  hair,  one  anterior  shorter  hair  and  a  single  very  short  posterior  one ;  on 
the  remaining  abdominal  segments  both  the  secondary  hairs  and  the  anterior 
tubercular  hair  are  absent.  Tubercle  II  is  distinctly  laterad  to  I,  is  large  and 
bears  a  long,  central,  wliite  hair,  and  five  shorter  hairs  arranged  around  the 
circumference;  dorsad  to  tubercle  II  is  a  single  short  hair  and  laterad  to  same 
tubercle,  situated  in  the  downward  angle  of  the  first  pale  lateral  line,  are  two 
small  white  hairs,  one  directed  forward,  the  other  backward;  below  these  again 


421 

are  two  further  short  hairs  on  a  line  with  tubercle  III;  this  tubercle  is  situated 
on  the  second  lateral  line  and  bears  one  long  hair  pointing  forward  and  one 
short  hair  directed  backward;  anterior  to  III  on  the  first  tliree  abdominal  seg- 
ments are  two  short  hairs.  Below  the  spiracle  and  slightly  posterior  to  same 
is  a  small  tubercle  with  tliree  short  white  hairs  (?  Illb)  and  below  this  on 
the  flange  IV  +  V  appears  as  a  large  crescentic  tubercle  with  about  eight  long 
white  hairs.  Three  short  hairs,  well  below  the  flange,  apparently  represent 
tubercle  VI.  The  thoracic  segments  show  the  usual  modifications  as  well  as 
considerable   secondary  hair  on  the  posterior  dorsal  portion  of  each   segment." 

i7.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  sTRAMiNECS  Walslngliam.     PL  XLV,  fig.  18. 

PI.  LIII,  fig.  6. 
Lioptilus  stramincus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  41,  pi.  Ill,  f.  3,  1880. 
LioptUus  angustus  Walsingham,  op.  cit.  43,  pi.  ill,  f.  4,  1880. 
tAlucita  angusta  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
tAlucita  straminea  id.,  loc.  cit. 
Plerophorus  stramineus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  44,  pi.  IV,  ff.  7,  8,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  23,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Plerophorus  angustus  Fernald,   Pter.  N.  A.  44,   1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

Anderson,  Cat.  B.  C.  Lep.  50,  1904. 

Dyar.  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII,  923,  1904  (biol.). 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  42,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Head  yellow  or  ochreous,  brown  in  front  and  usually  above.  In  some 
cases  the  upper  part  of  the  head  is  so  nearly  evenly  colored  that  the  pale  patch 
between  the  antennae  is  not  defined.  Antennae  sometimes  dotted  with  brown 
above.  Palpi  slender,  moderate,  oblique ;  tips  of  second  and  third  joints  touched 
with  fuscous  outside.  Legs  yellowish,  first  two  pairs  striped  and  shaded  with 
gray-brown  on  one  side.  Thora.x  yellow.  Abdomen  yellow  with  brown  dorsal 
and  ventral  lines. 

Primaries  usually  definitely  yellow  or  yellowish,  occasionally  somewhat 
ochreous.  There  is  at  least  a  trace  of  a  brown  spot  contiguous  to  the  base  of 
the  cleft,  and  in  a  majority  of  specimens  this  spot  is  well  marked.  The  tips 
of  the  veins  in  both  lobes  are  sometimes  lightly  touched  with  brown,  and  there 
is  often  a  heavy  brown  shade  nmning  from  the  base  next  to  the  inner  margin 
into  the  first  lobe.  When  this  shade  is  absent  there  is  frequently  a  trace  of 
its  outer  end  in  the  first  lobe.  Fringes  and  secondaries  more  grayish.  Ex- 
panse  15-21   mm. 


422 

Distribution :  Ariz,  and  N.  M.  to  Vancouver  Is.,  B.  C,  east  to 
Colo,  and  E.  Canada,  thence  south  into  N.  J.  July  to  Sept.  In  a  long 
series  we  have  one  specimen  labelled  June. 

Stramincns  was  described  from  specimens  taken  in  the  Siskiyou 
Mts.  of  S.  Ore.  in  June,  and  angiistiis  from  a  series  taken  on  Mt.  Shasta, 
Cal.,  in  Aug.  The  types  of  both  are  now  in  the  British  Museum,  and 
para  types  in  the  Fernald  collection.  We  have  specimens  compared 
with  the  types  by  Mr.  Meyrick  and  others  which  we  compared  in 
person  with  Fernald's  paratypes,  and  are  unable  to  find  differences 
which  we  can  regard  as  specific.  The  species  is  rather  variable  in 
appearance,  due  to  the  inconstancy  of  the  brown  shade,  but  may  be 
easily  recognized  by  the  more  or  less  yellow  primaries  with  the  brown 
dot  at  base  of  cleft,  and  the  secondaries  not  conspicuously  darker.  We 
know  of  no  other  small  species  which  combines  these  characters. 

Dyar  gives  the  following  account  of  this  species  as  it  occurred  at 
Ainsworth,  B.  C. : 

"  *  *  *  The  moths  were  easily  started  up  from  low  grass  and  weeds,  but 
especially  from  the  plant  Anaphalis  nuirgaratacca,  which  I  suppose  is  their  food 
plant.  Larvae  were  found  commonly  in  the  flower  heads  of  this  plant,  but 
unfortunately  were  not  bred.     The  following  is  a  description  of  them: 

"Larva. — Head  shining  brown-black,  bilobed,  the  clypeus  reaching  vertex, 
rounded  at  top ;  mouth  pointed.  Body  robust,  flattened,  tapered  behind,  feet 
normal,  small.  Densely  covered  with  brown-black,  fiat  granules,  forming  a 
double  patch  dorsally,  bisected  by  a  pale  dorsal  line ;  ground  color  whitish, 
forming  a  subdorsal  band ;  segmental  incisures  shagreened.  Tubercles  i  and  ii 
separate,  i  dorsally  placed,  with  secondary  hairs ;  iv  and  v  separate.  Later  the 
larva  is  whitish,  with  the  flat  black  granules;  dorsal,  subdorsal,  and  stigmatal 
]nirplish  bands,  the  dorsal  band  geminately  segmentarily  bimacnlate  in  blackish." 

38.     OiDAEM.^TOPHORUs  I'ALE.'^CEUS  Zeller.     PI.  XLV,  fig.  6.     PI.  I.T, 

fig.  12. 
Lciof'tilKs  paleaccus  Zeller,  Verh.  z.-b.  Ges.   Wien.  XXIII,  o26,   187o. 

Murtfeldt,  Am.  Ent.  Ill,  235,   1880. 
L'wpiihis  palcaceus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  41,  pi.  Ill,  f.  2,   1880, 
Leioptilus  sericidactylus  Murtfeldt,  Am.  Ent.  Ill,  235,   1880   (biol.). 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  389,   1882. 
lAoptihis  sericidactylus  Dimmock,  Psyche  UT,  404,  1882. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889. 
tAlncita  paleacea  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
XAlucita  scricidactyla  id.,  loc.  cit. 


423 

Ptcrophorus  palcacciis  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  45,   1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S,  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  43,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lap.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

Britton,  Ins.  Conn.  103,  1920. 
Head  dark  brown,  with  a  brownish  white  patch  between  antennae  An- 
tennae with  a  brown  line  above.  Palpi  moderate,  slender,  oblique,  with  a  brown 
line  outside.  Legs  brownish  white  or  whitish,  fore  and  middle  femora  and 
tibiae  striped  and  tarsi  shaded  with  dark  brown.  Hind  legs  similar  in  color 
with  sometimes  a  trace  of  brown  at  bases  of  spurs.  Spurs  rather  long.  Thorax 
brownish  white  to  tawny  brown,  paler  in  front.  Abdomen  concolorous  with 
paler  part  of  thorax,  with  slender  parallel  brown  stripes  on  all  sides. 

Primaries  tawny  whitish  to  brownish  white,  with  a  broad  light  to  smoky 
brown  shade  running  from  middle  of  base  to  costa  above  cleft  and  thence  out 
into  the  first  lobe,  which  it  sometimes  obscures  completely  but  usually  leaves 
pale  along  cleft.  The  cleft  is  preceded  by  a  variably  heavy  dark  brown  dot 
which  is  sometimes  contiguous  to  and  sometimes  slightly  before  it.  There  are 
no  marginal  dots.  In  some  specimens  the  brown  shade  is  much  heavier  and 
more  extensive,  and  occasionally  it  suffuses  the  entire  wing.  In  some  of  these 
dark  specimens  the  veins  are  contrastingly  pale  in  the  lobes.  Fringes  and  sec- 
ondaries a  little  darker  and  more  grayish.    Expanse  19-26  mm. 

Distribution:  Type  series  from  Dallas,  Tex.  It  is  reported  also 
from  Cal.  and  B.  C.  but  we  have  seen  no  specimens  from  these  locali- 
ties. Our  series  indicates  a  range  from  the  Atlantic  coast  west  to 
Nebraska  and  New  Mexico.  We  shouM  expect  it  in  southeastern 
Canada.    March  to  Sept. 

There  are  one  male  and  two  female  types  in  the  Cambridge  Mu- 
seum, and  part  of  the  type  series  in  the  British  Museum.  The  types 
of  sericidactylus  which  we  have  been  able  to  locate  include  a  female 
and  a  male  in  the  Murtfeldt  collection  at  Cornell  University,  which 
we  have  labelled  lectotype  and  allotype  respectively,  a  S  and  a  9  in 
coll.  Fernald,  and  one  ?  now  in  our  possession  through  the  kindness 
of  Dr.  J.  Chester  Bradley  of  Cornell  University.  The  9  in  coll.  Fer- 
nald is  a  specimen  of  keUicottii.  An  examination  of  the  various  types 
shows  that  the  previous  treatment  of  both  species  and  synonym  has 
been  correct. 

Miss  Murtfeldt's  types  were  reared  from  I'ciiwma  noi'chora- 
ccnsis.  a  species  of  Ironweed,  and  her  account  of  the  early  stages  is 
the  only  one  known  to  us.     We  therefore  quote  her  descriptions. 


424 

"Lan-a:  Length,  0.55  inch;  diameter,  0.10  inch;  form  sub-cylindrical. 
Color,  when  young,  ding>--white,  with  a  tinge  of  green,  becoming  at  maturity 
pale  glaucous,  often  varying,  especially  in  the  late  Fall  brood,  to  dull  salmon. 
Dorsal  hairs  proceeding  from  prominent  tubercles,  and  of  two  sizes  in  each  tuft, 
each  of  the  shorter  ones  tipped  with  a  minute  pellucid  bead  of  viscid  fluid,  to 
which  pollen  and  bits  of  leaves  often  adhere.  Lateral  ridge  well  defined.  Pro- 
legs  long  and  narrow.  When  mature,  the  larva  weaves  a  dense  mat  of  silk, 
upon  which  it  extends  itself,  remaining  quiescent  for  two  or  three  days,  the 
dorsal  surface  acquiring,  meanwhile,  a  translucent  lilaceous  hue,  with  three 
greenish-white  longitudinal  stripes,  of  which  the  mediodorsal  is  most  distinct 
and  continuous. 

"Pupa,  with  ventral  surface  closely  appressed  to  the  mat  of  silk,  to  which 
the  anal  liooks  are  firmly  attached.  An  upright  or  inverted  horizontal  position 
seems  to  be  preferred,  although  there  is  no  thoracic  band  or  other  support  for 
the  anterior  part  of  the  body. 

"Average  length  0.45 ;  diameter  same  as  larva,  tapering  rather  abruptly 
from  seventh  abdominal  segment  backward.  Wing  sheaths  narrow,  free  at 
the  blunt-tips.  Dorsum  with  prominent  subdorsal  ridges.  Color  and  markings 
quite  variable.  In  the  spring  brood  commonly  dull  green,  with  indistinct  yel- 
low lateral  stripes.  In  the  Fall  brood  the  dorsum  is  pale  yellow,  or  flesh  color, 
with  two  fine  indistinct  mediodorsal  lines  of  lilac  color;  sub-dorsal  ridge  pale, 
inclining  to  lilac  on  outer  side.  In  sub-dorsal  space  are  two  nearly  continuous, 
quite  heavy,  black  or  fuscous  lines,  separated  by  a  broad,  pale  stripe,  from  two 
narrow,  interrupted,  dark  hnes,  one  beneath,  the  other,  above  stigmata.  On 
the  thorax  the  dark  stripes  are  represented  by  two  slightly  diverging  dashes 
on  each  side.  Situated  in  the  sub-dorsal  ridge,  at  the  posterior  edge  of  each 
segment,  are  a  pair  of  small,  geminate  piliferous  warts,  each  bearing  a  sparse 
tuft  of  light  sprangling  hairs.  The  last  larval  skin,  rolled  into  a  little  hairy  ball, 
is  often  supported  over  the  back  of  the  chrysalis,  raised  above  it  on  the  hairs 
of  the  sub-dorsal  ridges.  The  pupa  is  quite  active  and  irritable,  striking  about 
in  all  directions  when  meddled   with." 

39.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  VENAPUNCTUS  Barnes  &  Lindsey.     PI.  XLV, 

fig.  19.     PI.  LIV,  fig.  6. 
Ocdciiiatoplwriis    vcnapnncius   Barnes    &    Lindsey,    in    Heinrich,   Jn.    Agr.    Re- 
search XX,  827,  1921. 
^Edcmatophorus  vcnapunctus  Heinrich,  Jn,  Agr.  Research  XX,  827,  1921   (biol.) 

The  original  description  is  as  follows : 

"Head  whitish  ochreous  between  the  antennae,  elsewhere  light  brown.  An- 
tennae and  palpi  pale  brownish  ochreous,  almost  white,  the  latter  short,  oblique 
or  porrect.  Thorax  and  legs  of  the  same  shade  of  pale  brownish  ochreous,  the 
fore  and  middle  legs  tinged  with  brown  inside.  Abdomen  similar  both  above 
and  below,  with  a  fine,  brown,  middorsal  line. 

"Primaries  concolorous  with  thorax,  darker  toward  costa,  especially  in 
first  lobe,  though  this  shade  is  scarcely  evident  in  some  specimens.    Just  before 


425_ 

and  below  the  base  of  the  cleft  is  a  small  blackish  brown  spot,  isolated  except 
in  our  darkest  specimen,  in  which  it  is  continued  obliquely  toward  the  costa 
by  a  faint  dark  shade.  In  the  outer  margin  of  the  second  lobe  there  are  four 
short,  dark  dashes  on  the  tips  of  the  anal,  cubital  and  third  median  veins.  These 
are  very  faint  in  some  specimens.  A  similar  but  heavier  spot  occurs  on  the 
inner  margin  of  the  first  lobe  a  short  distance  before  its  apex  at  the  tip  of 
the  fifth  radial.  Two  vague  dots  sometimes  appear  on  the  costal  margin  of  this 
lobe,  one  just  before  the  apex  and  the  other  almost  opposite  the  one  on  the 
inner  margin.  Fringes  concolorous,  slightly  darker  toward  the  apex  of  the  wing 
and  with  their  bases  slightly  paler.  Secondaries  somewhat  paler  than  primaries 
and  with  a  more  grayish  tinge.     Fringes  concolorous  with  slightly  paler  bases. 

"Expanse  IS  to  18  mm. 

"Described  from  the  following  series :  Holotype  male,  Brownsville,  Tex., 
March ;  paratype  male,  same  locality ;  allotype  and  six  paratypc  females,  San 
Benito,  Tex.,  March  and  April.     (Collection  Barnes.) 

"Paratype  male,  Brownsville,  Tex.,  March,  and  paratype  female,  from  San 
Benito,  Tex.,  April,  in  United  States  National  Museum,  type  Cat.  No.  23495. 

"This  species  appears  to  be  allied  to  Oedcmatophorus  paleaceus,  O.  stram- 
invus.  0.  kcUicotti  and  related  species.  It  differs  from  the  first  two  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  terminal  dots  and  from  the  last  two  in  that  the  dot  in  the  disc  of 
the  primaries  is  not  contiguous  to  the  base  of  the  cleft.  The  form  of  the  male 
genitalia  also  differs  from  that  of  any  related  species  known  to  us.  We  have 
been  unable  to  place  it  as  a  described  Mexican  or  Central  American  species." 

Simultaneously  with  this  description  there  appeared  the  following 
notes  by  Mr.  Heinrich  on  larvae  and  pupae  reared  from  the  leaves 
of  a  composite: 

"The  pterophorid  larvae  have  only  two  setae  on  the  prespiracular  shield 
of  the  prothorax  and  setae  IV  and  V  approximate  on  the  proleg-bearing  abdom- 
inal segments,  as  in  the  Pyralidae  with  which  they  are  affiliated.  They  have, 
however,  in  distinction  from  the  Pyralidae  proper,  long  stem-like  prolegs  and 
a  greater  or  less  development  of  secondary  setae.  The  crochets  are  also  pe- 
culiar, being  uniordinal,  few  in  number  (6  to  8  in  the  genus  Oedematophorus), 
and  arranged  in  a  quarter  circle  opening  outwardly.  In  O.  vcnapnnctus  the 
secondary  hairs  are  confined  to  a  row  of  5  to  8  in  the  area  normally  occupied 
by  seta  VI.  The  body  tubercles  are  somewhat  produced,  especially  on  the 
prothorax  and  tenth  abdominal  segment,  and  the  hairs  themselves  are  swollen 
and  bulbous.  In  addition  to  the  setae  there  are  on  all  except  the  first  thoracic 
and  the  last  abdominal  segments  several  finger-like  projections  from  the  skin. 
On  the  abdomen  these  arise  back  of  setae  I,  II,  III,  IV  and  V  from  the  base 
of  their  tubercles  and  in  the  area  back  of  the  spiracle  and  seta  group  IV- V.  The 
prothorax  is  somewhat  produced  dorsally,  and  the  head  is  capable  of  retraction 
under  the  cover  of  this  rooflike  projection. 

"In  the  pupa  the  venter  of  the  eighth,  ninth,  and  tenth  segments  is  deeply 
concave  with  the  lateral  edges  fringed  by  rather  short  flexible  setae.  The 
ventral  edge  of  the  tenth   segment  and  the  anterior  margins  of  the  concavity 


426 

are  also  armed  with  clusters  of  slender,  hooked  hairs.    The  caudal  end  is  sharply 
pointed,  but  there  is  no  distinct  cremaster. 

"The  larva  is  an  external  feeder,  and  the  pupal  period  is  very  short.  Larvae 
collected  by  Diven  from  April  7  to  14,  1919,  produced  moths  as  early  as  the 
19th  of  the  same  month." 

40.  OlDAEMATOPHORUS  LUTEOLUS  n.   sp.      PI.  XLV,  fig.  20.      PI.   LIV^ 

fig.  9. 

Head  brown,  sometimes  pale ;  whitish  between  antennae.  Antennae  whit- 
ish above,  darker  below,  sometimes  with  a  blackish  line  above  near  base.  Palpi 
moderate,  slender,  oblique,  whitish.  Legs  white;  fore  and  middle  legs,  including 
first  joint  of  tarsi,  with  brownish  black  stripes,  remainder  of  tarsi  brown  shaded 
on  inside.  Thorax  and  abdomen  yellowish,  pale  brownish  white  or  tawny,  the 
last  sometimes  with  a  few  small  blackish  dorsal  spots. 

Primaries  a  little  paler  than  thorax  and  abdomen,  tawny  white.  Inner 
margin  of  first  lobe  with  a  fine  blackish  brown  dot  before  apex.  Cleft  preceded 
at  some  distance  by  a  similar  but  larger  dot.  In  the  allotype  there  are  a  few 
dark  scales  on  the  discal  area,  a  fine  dot  in  the  apex  of  the  second  lobe  and 
one  at  the  tip  of  Cu^,  which  is  very  faint.  The  dot  before  the  cleft  is  also 
slightly  extended  across  the  wing.  Fringes  concolorous.  Secondaries  and  their 
fringes  a  little  darker  and  more  grayish.     Expanse  20-21  mm. 

Described  from  three  specimens  taken  at  Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz. 

Holotype    S,  May  8-15  and  allotype,  Aug.,  in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype   3.  May,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23480. 

We  have  also  a  worn  male  from  Jeinez  Springs,  N.  M.,  which 
differs  in  the  form  of  the  left  harpe  (pi.  LIV,  fig.  9a).  We  are  miable 
to  say  whether  this  indicates  variability  in  this  structure  or  the  specific 
distinctness  of  the  specimen,  but  we  believe  the  former  possibility  more 
likely. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

41.  OlDAEMATOPHORUS  LACTEODACTVLUS  Chambers.     PI.  XLVII,  fig. 
6.    PI.  LIV,  fig.  2. 

Pterophorus  laclcodactyhis  Chambers,  Can.  Ent.  V,  72,  1873. 

Femald,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
tAlucita  suhochracca  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891   (in  part). 
Pterophorus  subochraceus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  43  (in  part),  pi.  IV,  f.  9,  1898. 

Head  brown,  whitish  between  antennae.  Antennae  whitish,  palpi  similar 
becoming  brown  toward  tip ;  slender,  moderate,  oblique.  Legs  whitish,  the  first 
two  pairs  tinged  with  brown  on  one  side.     Spurs  of  hind  tibiae  with  slender 


427 

brown  lines.  Thorax  and  abdomen  whitish,  sometimes  tinged  with  yellow. 
Abdomen  with  a  faint  dorsal  line,  sometimes  marked  by  brown  dots  in  posterior 
margins  of  segments. 

Primaries  brownish  white,  the  veins  in  both  lobes  more  or  less  definitely 
tipped  with  brownish  black.  There  is  sometimes  a  faint  brown  spot  contiguous 
to  base  of  cleft  and  a  dark  basal  dash  below  the  cell.  The  wing  is  slightly 
darker  toward  the  costa,  and  there  is  usually  an  evident  shade  on  the  costa 
of  the  first  lobe,  especially  above  base  of  cleft.  Fringes  concolorous  at  base, 
grayish  at  tips.  Secondaries  approximately  concolorous,  fringes  the  same.  Ex- 
panse 25-28  mm. 

Distribution :  Described  from  Kentucky.  North  Carolina  to  Nova 
Scotia,  west  to  Colo.     May  to  July. 

The  type  of  lacteodactylus  is  now  in  the  Cambridge  Museum.  It 
is  a  large  specimen  and  well  worn,  but  is  sufficiently  well  preserved 
to  establish  its  identity  satisfactorily.  The  species  is  rather  closely 
related  to  kellicottii  but  dilTers  in  the  absence  of  a  well  marked  spot 
at  the  base  of  the  cleft  on  the  primaries  and  in  other  slight  features,  as 
well  as  in  the  form  of  the  genitalia.  There  is  no  reason  for  confusing 
it  with  siibochraceus  for  that  species  has  no  marginal  or  discal  spots. 

The  life  history  is  unknown. 

42.       OlDAEMATOPHORUS   KELLICOTTII   Fish.      PI.   XLVII,   fig.   5. 
Lioptilus  kellicottii  Fish,  Can.  Ent.  XIII,  141,  1881. 

Kellicott,  Bull.  Buff.   Soc.  Nat.   Hist.  IV,  51.   1881.     (Biol.)    (fide  Hy. 
Edwards). 

Dimmock.   Psvche   III,   404,    1882. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889. 
Alucita  kellicottii  Fernald,   Smith's  List  Rep.   N.  A.  87.   1891. 
Ptcrophoms  kellicottii  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  49,  pi.  IV,   ff.  5,  6,   1898. 

Dvar,  Ent.  Rec.  XI,  140,  pi.  I,  f.  3,  1899. 

Fernald,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902. 

Winn.  List  Ins.  Que.  86,  1912. 

Grossbeck.  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII,   135,  1917. 
XPlerophorus  kellicotti  Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   151,   1917. 
Pterophorns  chlorias  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  497,   1908. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Head  brown,  whitish  between  antennae.  Antennae  whitish.  Palpi  mod- 
erate, slender,  whitish;  third  joint  touched  with  fuscous  outside.  Legs  whitish, 
the  two  anterior  pairs  shaded  with  brown  on  one  side,  including  tarsi;  spurs 
moderately  long.  Thorax  and  abdomen  concolorous  with  primaries,  the  latter 
with  a  faint  dorsal  and  several  more  conspicuous  ventral  and  lateral  brown  lines. 


428 

Primaries  white  to  pale  brownish  tawny,  usually  white  tinged  with  tawny 
or  brownish.  Cleft  preceded  by  a  brownish  black  spot  which  usually  slightly 
embraces  it.  The  first  lobe  usually  has  a  blackish  dot  at  apex,  one  before 
apex  on  inner  margin  and  two  on  costa,  and  the  second  similar  dots  or  rather 
elongate  dashes  on  tips  of  veins.  All  of  these  may  be  rather  faint,  and  some 
are  frequently  lacking.  There  is  a  light  brown  to  smoky  brownish  gray  shade 
from  base  of  wing  into  first  lobe,  sometimes  faint.  In  part  of  a  series  of  small 
specimens  in  coll.  Barnes  this  shade  is  evident  only  in  the  lobe  and  appear  to 
curve  outward  from  the  costal  extremity  of  the  discal  spot.  In  some  specimens 
there  are  a  basal  dash,  spot  near  middle  of  cell,  and  a  subcostal  dash  near  base, 
the  dashes  somewhat  broken.  Fringes  and  secondaries  almost  concolorous  to 
distinctly  darker  and  more  grayish.     Expanse   14  to  29  mm. 

Distribution:  Florida  north  into  Canada  and  west  to  Utah.  Way 
to  Aug. 

One  male  and  one  female  type  in  the  Fernald  collection  are  larger 
and  darker  than  our  series  of  kellicottii,  but  both  appear  to  be  the 
same  species.  The  female  looks  much  like  a  small  specimen  of  bal- 
aiiotes,  so  we  have  labelled  the  male  lectotype.  It  appears  to  be  much 
more  nearly  average.  The  genitalia  also  resemble  those  of  balaiioles 
(see  pi.  I-IV,  fig.  5)  but  nr-  much  smaller.  The  specimen  which  Mey- 
rick  compared  with  the  type  of  chlorias  for  us  is  one  of  a  series  from 
Utah  which  is  rather  duller  and  more  grayish-brown  than  normal 
kellicottii.  Meyrick's  types  are  from  Colo,  and  our  equivalent  speci- 
mens from  Utah. 

The  limitation  of  kellicottii  has  proven  one  of  our  greatest  puzzles 
in  this  genus.  The  very  small  Florida  specimens  with  a  pronounced 
shade  in  the  first  lobe  at  first  seemed  to  be  distinct,  but  they  grade 
into  nearly  normal  individuals  in  the  same  locality.  Another  strange 
form  was  foimd  in  a  series  from  Cohasset,  Mass.,  in  the  National 
Museum.  These  specimens  were  also  very  small  and  rather  evenly 
grayish.  The  genitalia  of  all  the  forms,  however,  do  not  differ  more 
than  is  to  be  expected  in  any  species  of  Oidaematoplwnis.  and  we 
are  utterly  at  loss  to  find  tenable  specific  characters  for  their  sepa- 
ration in  markings  and  superficial  structure.  For  the  present,  there- 
fore, we  feel  justified  in  regarding  this  limitation  and  synonymy  as 
correct  for  the  species. 

We  have  no  copy  of  Kellicott's  paper  on  the  life  history,  but  his 
account  is  quoted  by  Fernald,  from  whose  monograph  we  reproduce 
it.  The  food  plant  is  given  as  Solidago.  A  specimen  in  the  National 
Museum  is  labelled  "larva  boring  in  Artemisia  baccharis."  This  plant 
is  not  listed  in  Grav's  Manual. 


429 

"The  larva,  when  first  examined,  August  22,  was  .3  of  an  inch  long;  color 
light  jellow,  head  and  shield  darker,  tlie  oblique  anal  plate  almost  black,  bear- 
inps  hairs  and  hooks;  dorsal  and  subdorsal  lines  pinkish.  By  the  middle  of 
September  it  abandons  the  branches,  being  then  .45  of  an  inch  in  length,  and 
bores  into  the  stalk  a  few  inches  above  the  ground ;  it  makes  its  way  down 
the  pith  into  the  roots,  well  under  the  ground,  where  it  passes  the  winter.  I 
fetched  several  examples  from  the  fields  in  January  for  examination ;  they 
were  then  .58  to  .6  of  an  inch  in  length,  lighter  in  color,  with  the  longitudinal 
lines  of  pink  brighter  than  in  autumn,  the  eighth  segment  conspicuously  marked 
on  the  back  by  pink.  There  are  few  hairs  over  their  smooth  bodies;  on  the 
last  ring,  however,  there  is  a  brown  or  black  chitinous  disc,  with  a  circle  of 
long  black  hairs  about  its  circumference ;  in  the  centre  of  this  disc  there  is  a  small 
papilla,  with  two  stout,  straight  black  teeth,  pointing  rearwards ;  these  teeth 
arc  hooked  upward  in  the  autumn  stage.  The  hairs  render  the  plate  sensitive 
to  touch,  and  help  to  brush  fragments  from  their  long,  narrow  galleries,  while 
the  teeth  assist  in  backward  motion  in  them.  The  mature  larvae  obtained  in 
May  differ  but  slightly  from  these,  except  that  they  are  then  .7  of  an  inch 
long,  and  the  pink  stripes  and  marks  are  brownish.  The  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth 
segments  are  smaller  than  those  preceding  or  following  them.  They  are  quite 
active,  moving  up  and  down  their  burrows   rapidly. 

"By  the  middle  of  May  the  caterpillar  has  worked  its  way  back  lo 
the  place  of  entrance  in  autumn,  enlarging  its  way  to  accommodate  its  in- 
creased size,  and,  after  loosely  stopping  the  upper  part  with  a  few  chips,  retires 
and  changes  to  the  pupa.  It  is  then  .6  of  an  inch  in  length,  slender,  cylindrical. 
Color  white,  except  the  oblique  disc  or  plate  terminating  the  head,  which  is 
made  dark  by  many  teeth-like  elevations  on  its  surface.  The  abdominal  seg- 
ments are  clothed  with  hairs,  and  the  last  four  segments  have  each  a  trans- 
verse row  of  teeth  on  the  dorsal  part,  reminding  one  of  a  Tortrix  or  Cossus 
pupa.  The  conical  tip  of  the  abdomen  has  many  teeth ;  these  teeth  together 
with  the  roughness  on  the  head,  enable  the  pupa  to  worm  its  way  up  and  down 
the  burrow  with  readiness.  When  removed  from  the  stem  to  the  table,  it 
travels  about,  rolling  and  worming  its  way  very  much  as  do  the  pupae  of  certain 
stem-boring  beetles.  The  wing  and  limb  covers  are  free  for  a  considerable 
distance   from  their  tips." 

43.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  BALANOTES  Meyrlck.     PI.  XLIV,  fig.  12.     PI. 

LIV,  fig.  5. 
Ptcrophoms  halanotes  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1907,  503,  1908. 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17.  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  26,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   151,  1917. 
Ptcrophorus  aquila  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  1907,  503,  1908. 

Id.,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,   1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  191.!. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough.  Check  List   151,   1917. 


430 

Head  brown,  whitish  between  antennae.  Antennae  whitish.  Palpi  whitish, 
brown  toward  tips,  longer  than  in  the  several  related  species  preceding,  oblique, 
but  long  enough  to  reach  bases  of  antennae  if  upturned  ;  slender.  Legs  pale 
brown  or  brownish  white,  the  first  two  pairs  brown  inside.  Thorax  and  ab- 
domen brownish  white,  the  latter  with  dorsal,  ventral  and  ventro-lateral  brown 
stripes,  sometimes  faint. 

Primaries  brownish  white  more  or  less  suffused  with  brown,  sometimes 
heavily.  The  complete  markings  include  dark  brown  spots  at  tips  of  veins  in 
both  lobes,  a  brown  spot  contiguous  to  base  of  cleft  preceded  by  a  smaller  spot 
a  little  nearer  inner  margin,  which  is  the  isolated  outer  end  of  powdery  line 
reaching  about  half  way  from  it  to  the  base,  a  basal  powdery  line  below  the 
cell  and  a  subcostal  basal  line.  We  have  specimens  in  which  all  of  these  are 
lacking,  and  they  are  rarely  all  present.  In  one  peculiar  variation  the  spot  at 
base  of  cleft  is  faint,  while  the  one  preceding  it  is  conspicuous.  Fringes  and 
secondaries  approximately  concolorous,  the  latter  sometimes  browner.  Expanse 
30-41  mm. 

Distribution :  Florida  to  Arizona.  We  have  specimens  taken  in 
all  months  but  April,  May  and  Nov.  The  American  Museum  collec- 
tion contains  a  S  from  N.  J. 

The  species  is  so  extremely  variable  in  markings  that  we  cannot 
])lace  one  specimen  from  Arizona,  which  e.xpands  only  26  mm.,  here 
with  certainty.  It  has  the  long  palpi  of  balanotes,  however,  and  may 
be  an  abnormally  dwarfed  specimen.  As  a  rule  the  brownish  wings 
distinguish  the  species,  but  some  immaculate  specimens  are  sufficiently 
ochreous  to  be  confused  with  (jrandis.  In  that  species  the  palpi  are 
distinctly  shorter. 

In  sending  specimens  to  Mr.  Meyrick  for  comparison  with  his 
types  we  erroneously  identified  balanotes.  Later  on,  to  verify  our 
corrected  opinion  of  the  species,  he  very  kindly  compared  the  types 
of  balanotes  and  aqitila,  both  in  his  collection,  and  pronounced  them 
sexes  of  the  same  species.  Balanotes  was  described  from  a  single 
Florida  specimen  and  aqnila  from  a  single  Texas  example.  The  de- 
scription of  the  former  immediately  precedes  that  of  the  latter. 

The  life  history  is  unknown. 

44.       OlDAEMATOPHORUS    GRANDIS    Fish.       PI.    XLVTI,    fig.    7.    PI.    LIII, 

fig.  12. 

Liaplilus  (jmiidis  Fish,  Can.  F.nt.  XIII.  141,  18S1. 
Alihilo  grandis  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lcp.  N.  .\.  87,   1891. 
Ptcrophonis  grandis  Fernald,  Ptcr,  N.  A.  50,  pi.  V,  ff.  9,  10,  1898 
Id..  Bull.  52  U-  S.  N.  M.  446.  1902. 


431 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  441,  1915. 

Barnes  &  McDunough,  Check  List  151,   1917. 
Pterofhorus  baccliaridi-s  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  317,  1908. 

Williams,  Ent.  News  XX,  60,  1909  (biol). 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Head  brown,  brownish  white  between  antennae.  Antennae  brownish 
white,  palpi  similar,  becoming  brown  toward  apex,  slender  and  oblique,  mod- 
erately long.  Legs  brownish  white,  first  two  pairs  shaded  with  brown  on  inner 
surface.  Thorax  and  abdomen  pale  tawny,  the  latter  with  a  faint  brown  dorsal 
stripe. 

Primaries  ochreous,  more  or  less  heavily  tinged  with  brown,  in  some  speci- 
mens almost  evenly  brown  but  usually  paler  toward  inner  margin  and  along 
base  of  costa.  Veins  slightly  darker  than  ground  color  on  inner  half  of  wing 
and  sometimes  tipped  with  dark  brown  in  both  lobes.  Fringes  concolorous. 
Secondaries  and  their  fringes  slightly  more  grayish.    Expanse  34-66  mm. 

Distribution:  California.  We  have  the  species  from  northern, 
central  and  southern  localities,  Jtine  and  July.  In  U.  S.  N.  M.  from 
Mexico. 

There  are  two  types  of  grandis,  a  male  and  a  broken  specimen,  in 
the  Fernald  collection,  and  one  type  male  in  the  Cambridge  Museum. 
all  from  California.  Grinnell's  two  types  are  this  species  without 
doubt;  they  were  reared  from  Baccharis  pilularis  at  San  Francisco 
by  F.  X.  Williams,  and  give  us  our  only  knowledge  of  the  life  history. 
Williams'  account  of  these  specimens  is  as  quoted  below : 
"Description  of  a  nearly  mature  larva  (fig.  12). — Head  pale  brown,  darker 
about  the  mouth  and  along  the  sides,  clypeus  not  reaching  half  way  to  vertex. 
Body  of  uniform  thickness,  somew-hat  depressed,  shining  white,  with  slight 
creamy  yellow  tinge  ventrad ;  cervical  shield  strong,  pale  brownish,  with  two 
transverse  patches  of  small  dark  brownish  tubercles,  interspersed  rather  sparsely 
with  hairs,  the  first  patch  the  narrower.  On  the  second  and  penultimate  seg- 
ments is  a  less  developed  patch.  On  each  side  of  the  dorsal  line  an  irregular, 
rather  broad  and  broken  purple  line ;  subdorsad  a  heavier,  wider  purple  band ; 
and  below  the  brownish  spiracles  an  indistinct  geminate  line  of  the  same  color, 
with  an  extended  blotch  just  cephalad  of  each  spiracle.  Indications  of  another 
line  below  lateral  fold.  Body  with  sparse  brownish  hairs,  except  on  last  seg- 
ment where  the  heavily  chitinized,  dark  brown  anal  plate  is  widely  bordered 
with  numerous  dark  hairs  arising  from  small  tubercles.  This  plate  (fig.  — ) 
which  occupies  obliquely  half  the  segment  contains  a  raised  disc  somewhat 
below  its  middle,  bearing  a  pair  of  slightly  upcurvcd  chitinized  processes.  On 
this   plate  between   and   below   the   prongs  are   rough   granulations.     Feet  dull 


432 

white,  with  pale  brown  blotches;  prolegs  dull  white,  crochets  semicircular. 
Length  of  mature  larva  16  mm.,  width   (at  seg.  6)  275  mm. 

"Described    from   fresh   specimens,   measurements   from  alcoholic  material. 

"Pupa. — Slender,  cylindrical,  slightly  narrowest  above  middle,  color  pale 
yellowish  brown,  darker  at  base  of  abdominal  segments,  and  very  dark  brown 
at  the  obliquely  truncate  cephalic  end,  which  is  heavily  anned  with  numerous 
little  spines.  Of  these,  there  is  a  strong  ridge  of  large  ones  at  the  base  of  each 
antenna  above,  and  a  smaller  group  on  each  shoulder.  Brown  hairs  especially 
along  dorsal  edge  of  this  area  and  on  thorax  and  abdomen.  On  lower  dorsal 
border  of  segments  4,  S  and  6  of  abdomen  is  a  row  of  spines  pointing  obliquely 
cephalad,  and  on  the  remaining  segments  is  a  row  pointing  obliquely  caudad. 
Somewhat  below  the  lateral  line  of  each  of  the  spiny  segments  are  other  spines 
arranged  in  a  row,  on  segments  4,  5.  and  6  few,  on  the  remaining  segments 
becoming  more  numerous.  Fused  leg  and  wing  tips  free  from  body.  Length 
15-18  mm.,  width  at  thorax  2.80  mm. 

"Described   from  alcoholic  specimens. 

"The  larva  bores  a  smooth  cylindrical  passage  in  the  stem  of  Baccharis 
pihdaris,  and  the  oblique  opening  can  be  readily  detected  by  the  quantity  of 
pale-colored  frass  on  the  ground  below.  The  galleries  may  be  in  the  smaller 
stems  or  in  the  main  trunk  and  at  least  partly  above  ground.  On  tall  shrubs 
the  caterpillar  may  be  found  working  high  up  in  the  stems.  Several  parallel 
passages  often  occur  in  one  stem,  and  are  usually  quite  straight  and  almost 
invariably  open  on  the  under  side  of  the  branch. 

"The  pupa,  which  is  very  active,  lies  some  distance  from  the  bottom  of 
the  gallery,  but  may  move  considerably  therein.  The  pupal  chamber  is  not 
silk-lined.  A  short  search  in  winter  revealed  no  pupae  of  this  insect,  but  half- 
grown  and  nearly  mature  larvae  were  plentiful.  The  larval  period,  while  not 
determined,  must  be  of  at  least  a  year's  duration.  Adults  were  common  in  June 
and  in  September,  The  cocoons  of  a  hymenopterous  par.isite  were  found  in 
two  galleries,  but  no  adults  have  as  yet  been  secured." 

We  have  listed  in  our  notes  on  the  National  Museum  inatcrial  a 
specimen  of  grandis  labelled  Plummer's  Id..  Md.,  May,  but  we  feel 
tliat  there  must  be  some  error  either  in  our  record  or  in  the  label. 
The  family  is  so  imperfectly  known,  however,  that  the  species  may 
occur  in  the  southern  states  and  along  the  east  coast. 

45.     OiDAEMATornoRus  suBOCiiRACEUs  Walsingliam.    PI.  XPYII,  fig. 

8,  9.    PI.  LIII,  fig.  8. 
Lioptilus  subochraceus  Walsingham,  Ttcr.  Cal.  Ore.  53,  pi.  IIL  f.  10,  1880. 
tAlucita  siibochracca  Fcrnald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Ptcrophorus  subochraceus  Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  43,  1898  (in  part). 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17.  24.  1913   (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 


433 

Head  light  brown,  whitish  between  antennae.  Antennae  whitish.  Palpi 
very  short,  oblique,  whitish.  Thorax  and  abdomen  creamy  white,  the  latter 
with  a  brown  dorsal  line.  Legs  whitish,  first  two  pairs  infuscated  within,  the 
tarsi  ver>'  slightly. 

Primaries  creamy  white  with  bright,  but  often  faint,  brown  shade  from 
middle  of  costa  of  first  lobe  to  near  middle  of  anterior  margin  of  cell.  Base 
sometimes  with  a  few  brown  scales.  Veins  slightly  brownish  in  paler  parts  of 
wing.  Fringes  concolorous  at  their  bases,  darker  at  tips.  Secondaries  and  their 
fringes  almost  concolorous.  Under  surface  of  primaries  slightly  tinged  with 
dull  brown,  especially  near  base.     E.xpanse  27-33  mm. 

Distribution:  California.  Types  from  Lake  Co.,  June.  We  have 
a  small  series  from  the  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  July. 

The  types  are  in  the  British  Museum  and  our  identification  is 
based  on  a  specimen  compared  by  Mr.  Meyrick.  Walsingham's  de- 
scription and  figure  are  excellent,  and  the  species  need  not  be  con- 
fused with  lactcodactylns,  as  has  been  done,  nor  with  anstralis,  which 
was  described  as  a  variety.  From  the  former  it  is  separated  by  the 
absence  of  marks  from  the  primaries  with  the  exception  of  the  soft 
brown  shade,  and  from  the  latter  by  the  relatively  pale  under  surface 
of  these  wings.  The  short  palpi  separate  it  at  once  from  all  related 
species  when  comparison  can  be  made. 

We  know  nothing  of  the  early  stages. 

46.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  suLPHUREODACTYLUs  Packard.    PI.  XLIV,  fig. 
10.     PI.  LI  II,  fig.  9. 

Pterophorus  sulpliurcodactylus  Packard,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  X,  266,  1873. 

Femald,  Pter.  N.  A.  44,  pi.  V,  ff.  3.  4,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  445,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXV,  398,  1902.     (Biol.). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
XLioptilus  sulphurcus  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  48,  pi.  U\,  f.  7,  1880 
i.Alucita  sulphurcodactyla  Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
tPterophorus  stilphtireidactylus  Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars.  17,  24,  1913. 
Head  pale  yellow.  Antennae  whitish  with  a  few  brown  dots  above  near 
base.  Palpi  white  with  a  brown  outer  line  from  tip  to  near  base  of  second 
joint;  long,  slender,  second  joint  thicker  at  tip  than  base  of  third,  third  almost 
as  long  as  second,  oblique.  Legs  white,  femora  yellow  ;  first  two  pairs  striped 
with  brown  excepting  tarsi.  Spurs  long.  Thorax  and  abdomen  sulphur  yel- 
low, the  latter  with  a  faint  brown  dorsal  line. 

Primaries  sulphur  yellow  with  a  small  brown  spot  contiguous  to  base  of 
cleft.     Extreme   costa   whitish  darkened   with  brown   scales   from   base   almost 


434 

to  cleft  and  with  a  small  brown  dash  above  base  of  cleft.  These  costal  marks 
are  not  at  all  conspicuous.  First  lobe  with  brown  dots  well  before  apex  on  both 
margins.  Second  sometimes  with  a  few  brown  scales  on  veins.  Fringes  tawny 
gray.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes  brownish  gray,  much  darker  in  appearance 
than  primaries.     Expanse  24-28  mm. 

Distribution:  Type  locality  Goose  Lake,  Siskiyou  Co.,  Cal.,  July. 
We  have  a  long  scries  from  Loma  Linda,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Cal., 
and  a  single  specimen  from  Golden,  Colo.,  all  July,  and  the  species 
is  in  the  National  Museum  from  Mont,  and  N.  M. 

There  are  six  types  in  the  Cambridge  Museum,  one  S  and  hve 
without  abdomens. 

The  long  palpi,  large  size  and  distinctly  yellow  primaries  of  this 
species  render  it  very  distinct,  but  the  fact  that  the  costal  marks  are 
inconspicuous  may  be  rather  misleading  in  placing  it  in  the  proper 
category  of  the  key,  so  we  have  included  it  in  both  of  the  possible 
groups.  We  have  not,  however,  actually  observed  specimens  which 
lack  these  marks. 

The  .species  has  been  reared  by  Dyar,  who  gives  the  following 
account  of  the  larva: 

"Larva. — Thick,  flattened,  tapering  at  the  ends ;  feet  normal,  slender.  Head 
rounded,  bilobed,  the  apex  under  joint  2,  mouth  projecting;  width  about  12 
mm. ;  black,  the  sutures  broadly  brown.  Body  without  secondary  hairs,  the 
warts  low  and  diffuse;  i  with  three  or  four,  ii  with  one  hair,  these  warts  some- 
what approximate ;  iii  with  several  hairs ;  a  group  of  six  hairs  on  the  subvcntral 
fold  without  wart  and  a  hair  posteriorly  in  line,  absent  on  some  segments ;  sev- 
eral hairs  for  tubercle  vi.  Olivaceous  green,  a  broken,  broad,  sordid  white 
subdorsal  line  along  warts  i  and  ii  with  four  black  dots  on  each  segment 
between  in  a  square,  becoming  black  blotches  on  the  posterior  segments.  Wart 
iii  pale;  spiracles  black;  skin  finely  dark  granular;  cervical  shield  blackish,  hairy; 
thoracic  feet  black,  the  abdominal  ones  pale.  Hair  white,  minutely  glandular 
tipped;  segments  obscurely  2-annulate ;  a  black  impressed  lateral  dot  in  the 
middle  of  the  segment. 

"The  larvae  were  found  webbing  up  the  young  heads  of  a  wild  sunflower, 
Helianthtis  pumilus,  and  feeding  within  the  spun  mass.  They  occurred  on  the 
foot  hills  near  Boulder  Creek  Canyon  (Colo.).  Spun  among  dead  leaves; 
emerged  June  10." 

47.     OiDAEMATOPHORus  SERENus  Meyrick.     PI.  XLIV,  fig.   IL     PI. 

LH,  fig.  13. 
Pterophcrus  screnus  Meyrick,  Exot.  Microlep.  I,  113,  1913. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars.   17,  26,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 


435 

Head  broadly  cream-white  between  antennae,  elsewhere  more  or  less 
brownish.  Antennae  white.  Palpi  whitish,  long,  slender,  third  joint  almost  as 
long  as  second  but  with  its  base  hidden  by  the  prominent  terminal  scales  of 
the  second;  outer  end  of  second  and  entire  length  of  third  with  a  brownish 
gray  stripe  outside.  The  palpi  are  much  like  those  of  sulphurcodactylus.  Legs 
ochreous  whitish,  first  two  pairs  suffused  with  gray-brown  on  one  side.  Spurs 
moderate.  Thorax  and  abdomen  pale  yellowish,  the  latter  with  two  subdorsal 
pure  white  stripes,  visible  only  in  clean  specimens,  and  a  slender  brown  dorsal 
stripe. 

Primaries  whitish  to  creamy  or  yellowish  on  inner  margin,  blending  into 
a  deeper  dull  yellowish  suffused  with  a  light  gray-brown  shade  in  the  costal 
region ;  immaculate.  Fringes  concolorous.  Secondaries  and  fringes  gray  brown, 
usually  contrastingly  dark  but  occasionally  rather  light  in  color.  Expanse,  23-35 
mm.,  usually  not  less  than  27  mm. 

Distribution:  Type  locality  Gallinas  Canyon.  N.  M.  Ariz,  and 
N.  M.  north  into  Utah  and  S.  Cal.,  June  to  Sept. 

The  general  appearance  of  the  primaries  of  screnits  is  usually 
brownish  ochreous,  more  whitish  toward  inner  margin,  but  fresh  speci- 
mens in  our  series  show  that  the  basic  ground  color  is  clear  yellow, 
though  of  a  duller  shade  than  that  found  in  sulphureodactylus.  The 
white  stripes  of  the  abdomen  are  visible  only  in  specimens  which  are 
free  from  grease.  We  have  but  one  specimen  which  expands  as  little 
as  23  mm.,  but  have  no  doubt  of  its  identity.  Our  identification  of  the 
species  is  based  on  Mr.  Meyrick's  comparison  with  his  type. 
The  life  history  is  unknown. 

48.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  AUSTR.\Lis  Grimiell.     PI.  XLVI,  fig.  20,  21. 

PI.  LIII,  fig.  13. 
Pterophorus  subochraceus  subsp.  australis  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  318,  1908. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Pterophorus    subochraceus    Meyrick,    Wagner's    Lep.    Cat.    pars    17,    24,    1913 
(in  part). 

Head  white,  faintly  darkened  above  and  in  front.  Antennae  and  palpi 
whitish,  the  latter  not  longer  than  diameter  of  eye,  slender  and  oblique.  Legs 
whitish,  front  and  middle  tibiae  with  dark  gray-brown  stripes.  Spurs  moder- 
ate.    Thorax  and  abdomen  yellowish  white. 

Primaries  creamy-whitish  along  inner  margin,  usually  darkened  in  the 
costal  region  with  a  shade  of  pale  ochreous;  immaculate;  evenly  suffused  on 
under  surface  with  brownish  gray.  Fringes  concolorous.  Secondaries  and 
their  fringes  whitish,  faintly  tinged  with  gray.    Expanse  24-30  mm. 

Distribution :  S.  Cal.,  Utah,  Mar.,  July  and  Aug.  Type  locality 
Santa  Ana  R.,  San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Cal. 


436 

Although  described  as  a  subspecies  of  subochraceiis,  australis  is 
very  distinct  from  that  insect,  and  is  readily  distinguished  by  the  evenly 
gray  under  surface  of  the  primaries.  The  absence  of  gray  from  the 
upper  surface  of  these  wings  separates  it  from  its  nearest  ally,  costatus. 

Nothing  is  known  of  the  early  stages. 

49.  OlDAEMATOPHORUS  COSTATUS  n.  sp.  PI.  XLVII,  fig.  14.     PI.  LIII, 
fig.  10,  11. 

Head  pale  grayish-yellow,  paler  between  antennae.  Antennae  and  palpi 
more  whitish,  the  latter  moderate,  slender,  oblique,  with  a  dark  streak  on  out- 
side of  third  joint  and  tip  of  second.  Thorax  and  abdomen  pale  grayish  yellow, 
the  latter  with  a  faint  brown  dorsal  line.  Legs  similar,  the  first  two  pairs, 
including  tarsi,  shaded  with  gray  inside. 

Primaries  yellowish-white,  shaded  over  all  with  gray,  becoming  darker  and 
more  brownish  in  costal  region.  Extreme  costa  pale  grayish  yellow.  Fringes 
appro-ximately  concolorous.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes  brownish  gray, 
neither  conspicuously  darker  nor  paler  than  primaries.     Expanse  30-33  mm. 

Described  from  seven  specimens  from  the  Monachee  Meadows,  Tulare 
Co.,  Cal.,  8000  ft.,  July  8-14. 

Holotype   S ,  allotype  and  3  paratypcs,  1    (J   &  2   9 ,  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype    9    U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23481. 

Paratype   9   coll.  Meyrick. 

We  have  also  a  specimen  from  Vineyard,  Utah,  taken  in  August. 

Costatus  is  very  closely  related  to  australis,  and  we  are  unable  to 
find  superficial  characters  to  separate  it  with  the  exception  of  the 
grayish  primaries,  generally  darker  color,  and  the  stripe  on  the  palpi. 
Our  series  is  not  sufficient  to  indicate  whether  or  not  pale  specimens 
occur  which  might  be  confused  with  Grinnell's  species.  The  genitalia 
offer  an  ultimate  character  in  the  form  of  the  right  valve. 

50.  OlDAEMATOPHORUS  FALSUS  n.  Sp.     PI.   XLVI,  fig.   17.      PI.   LIV, 

fig.  7. 

Entirely  chalky  white.  Palpi  rather  long,  slender,  oblique.  Primaries  with 
a  faint  brownish  shade  in  the  costal  region  and  sometimes  with  the  entire  sur- 
face underlain  with  brownish  gray,  rarely  dark.  Secondaries  tinned  with 
brownish  gray,  rather  dark  in  the  darker  examples.  All  fringes  concolorous. 
Expanse  22-25.5  mm. 

Described   from  three  specimens   from   Ariz. 

Holotype    5 ,  Tucson,  and  allotype,  Christmas,  Gila  Co.,  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype    3,  Christmas,  Gila  Co.,  U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23482. 

We  have  also  two  specimens  in  rather  poor  condition  from  Yuma 
Co.,  one  dated  March,  the  two  others  from  Christmas.     The  Yuma 


437 

Co.  specimens  are  much  the  darkest,  hut  the  holotype  shows  the  grayish 
underlying  shade  on  the  primaries  with  sufficient  distinctness  to  con- 
nect the  three,  and  in  its  genitalia  agrees  with  the  paratype  from 
Christmas.  The  species  is  unlike  any  other  known  to  us.  Its  life 
history  has  not  been  worked  out. 

51.     OlDAEMATOPHORUS  V.SRIUS  n.   sp.      PI.   XLVI,    fig.    16.      PI.   LII. 

fig.  11. 

Head  whitish,  faintly  touched  with  brown  above.  Antennae  white  usually 
vaguely  brown  dotted  above.  Palpi  white  with  a  few  dark  scales  on  outside 
of  second  joint,  moderate,  slender,  oblique.  Legs  white,  the  first  two  pairs 
striped  with  dark  brown  and  the  hind  pair  shaded  lightly  on  one  side  with 
grayish.     Thorax  and  abdomen  white. 

Primaries  soft,  pale,  brownish  gray  with  a  variably  heavy  white  overscal- 
ing  which  is  slightly  thinner  on  the  costa  and  often  appears  to  be  confined  t" 
the  spaces  between  the  veins  on  the  lobes  so  that  the  veins  appear  to  be  dark- 
lined.  Fresh  specimens  show  a  rather  definite  band  of  the  white  scales  entirely 
around  the  cleft.  Extreme  costa  darker  in  basal  half.  Fringes  and  secondaries 
concolorous  but  without   wdiite   scales.      Expanse   19-23  mm. 

Type  series  seven  specimens  from  San  Diego,  Cal.,  Apr.  to  Aug.  and  one 
paratype    $    from  Palm  Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  Cal.,  Mar. 

Holotype   $,  allotype  and  4  paratypes,  iS  ,  \    9,  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype   $   U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23485. 

Paratype    S    coll.  Meyrick. 

We  also  have  specimens  from  Moliave  Co..  Ariz.,  Sept.,  and  Red- 
ington,  Ariz. 

Varhis  does  not  impress  us  as  a  species  which  is  likely  to  be  mixed 
readily  with  falsus,  but  it  is  difficult  to  select  definite  and  conspicuous 
characters  to  distinguish  the  two.  In  general  falsus  is  much  stouter 
in  appearance,  and  we  have  seen  no  specimens  in  which  the  costa  of 
the  primaries  was  darkened  toward  the  base  nor  the  antennae  dotted 
above.  The  latter  is  not  always  true  of  varius.  but  the  former  appears 
to  be;  both  characters  are  very  obscure. 

We  have  no  notes  on  the  early  stages. 

52.     C)iDAEMATorHORUS  coRVUs  n.  sp.    PI.  XLII,  fig.  17,  18.    PI.  LIV, 

fig.  8. 

Head  brown,  narrowly  pale  yellow  between  antennae.  Antennae  whitish, 
dotted  with  brown  above.  Palpi  moderate,  slender,  oblique,  yellowish  white 
with  a  brown  outer  line.  Legs  yellowish  white,  the  first  two  pairs  gray-brown 
on  one  side  and  the  hind  pair  variably  shaded  in  the  darker  specimens.  Thorax 
and   abdomen   pale  yellow  to   very   pale   grayish   yellow,   the   latter   with   a  fine 


438 

light  brown  dorsal  line  and  unusually  short,  scarcely  longer  than  third  feather 
of  secondaries.  Thorax  yellowish  in  front  in  darker  specimens  and  slightly 
brownish  above  in  the  lighter  ones. 

Primaries  clear  pale  yellow  in  the  lightest  specimens,  with  some  brown 
scales  near  base,  sometimes  a  small  brown  dot  a  short  distance  before  base  of 
cleft,  and  sometimes  a  brown  subcostal  shade  which  meets  the  costa  in  the  first 
lobe.  In  the  type  series  these  wings  have  a  pale  yellowish  or  grayish  yellow 
costal  band  from  base  to  a  point  opposite  base  of  cleft,  in  which  the 
extreme  costal  margin  bears  some  brown  scales.  Behind  this  the  entire  wing 
is  clothed  with  brownish  gray  mixed  with  very  pale  yellowish  scales,  becoming 
more  whitish  toward  inner  margin.  The  spot  before  the  cleft  is  faintly  marked, 
continued  slightly  toward  costa  to  form  a  transverse  shade.  Costal  fringes 
on  first  lobe  yellowish,  others  dark  grayish.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes 
brownish  gray,  in  the  pale  specimens  appearing  dark  in  contrast  to  the  yellow 
primaries.     Expanse  17-20  mm. 

Holotype,  allotype  and  11  paratypes,  6  <J  5  9 ,  from  Tuolumne  Meadows, 
Tuolumne  Co.,  Cal.,  July  and  Aug.  and  7  paratypes,  S,  Deer  Park  Springs, 
Lake  Tahoe,  Cal.,  June  and  July.  Of  the  first  lot  there  are  a  paratype  S  in 
the  Fernald  collection  and  2  paratypes,  S  and  9 ,  U.  S.  N.  M.,  No.  23483.  Of 
the  second  one  paratype  is  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  and  one  in  coll.  Meyrick. 
The  remaining  types  are  in  coll.  Barnes. 

We  have  also  specimens  from  Colo.,  Sept.,  Wash.,  July,  and  B.  C, 
July  and  August. 

The  Hfe  history  is  unknown. 

53.     OlDAEMATOPHORUS  I'ERDITUS  n.  sp.     PI.  XLVI,  fig.  19.     Pi.  LTI, 

fig.  10. 

Head  dark  brown,  yellowish  white  between  antennae.  Antennae  dark 
with  a  slender  line  of  whitish  above.  Palpi  very  slender,  moderately  long, 
oblique,  whitish.  Legs  whitish,  the  first  two  pairs  brownish  gray  within  ex- 
cept toward  end  of  tarsi.  Thorax  pale  yellowish  white,  the  patagia  touched 
with  light  brown.  Abdomen  similar  to  thorax,  witli  some  gray  scales,  and 
apparently  a  faint  brown  dorsal  stripe. 

Costa  of  primaries  very  narrowly  yellowish,  sometimes  obscured  toward 
base.  Just  inside  of  this  line  the  wing  is  brownish  gray,  becoming  gradually 
paler  toward  inner  margin  with  an  increasing  admixture  of  whitish  scales. 
Veins  sometimes  darker  in  second  lobe.  Fringes  brownish  gray  with  paler  bases, 
on  costa  yellowish.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes  brownish  gray.  Expan'^e 
19-25  mm. 

Types  from  Chiumey  Gulch,  Golden,  Colo.,  Aug.  (Oslar). 

Holot.\pe    (? ,  allotype  and  one  paratype    9    coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype    9    U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23484. 

We  have  also  a  single  specimen  each  from  Lonia  Linda,  San 
Bernardino  Co.,  Mar.,  and  San  Diego,  Cal.,  Apr.,  and  a  small  series 


439 

from  Claremont,  Cal.  The  last  is  part  of  a  good  series  fotiiiil  in  the 
National  Museum  material,  for  which  we  are  indebted  to  the  Museum 
authorities. 

Perditus  in  a  general  way  resembles  corvus,  but  the  pale  costal 
line  is  not  interrupted  above  the  base  of  the  cleft,  there  is  no  spot 
before  the  cleft,  and  the  abdomen  is  of  normal  length.  It  is  also 
similar  to  costatns  but  so  much  smaller  that  it  is  very  easily  disting- 
guished.     The  genitalia  are  distinctive. 

The  life  history  is  imknown  to  us. 

54.     OiDAEMATOPHORUS  INCONDITUS  Walsingham.     PI.  XLVI,  fig.  24. 

PI.  LII,  fig.  6. 
Lioptilus  inconditiis  Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  44,  pi.  Ill,  f.  5,  1880. 
tAluciia  incondiia  Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
Pterophonis  inconditus  Fcmald,  Pter.  N.  A.  47,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  U.  446,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,   16,  1910. 
Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars   17,  24,   \9\i. 
Barnes  &  McDiinnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

Head  pale  brownish  above  and  in  front,  broadly  wliitish  between  antennae. 
Palpi  moderately  long,  oblique,  very  slender,  whitish.  Antennae  whitish.  Legs 
wliitish,  the  first  two  pairs  shaded  with  gray-brown  inside. 

Primaries  yellowish  white  to  very  pale  brownish  gray,  always  with  a  darker 
shade  of  a  more  or  less  brownish  color  in  the  costal  region.  This  shade  is 
usually,  however,  inconspicuous.  The  veins  in  the  second  lobe  are  often  slightly 
darker  than  the  ground  color.  Fringes  and  secondaries  very  pale  brownish 
gray.     Expanse  14-22  mm. 

Distribution :  S.  Tex.  and  Ariz,  north  into  Utah  and  Cal.,  Mar., 
May,  July,  Aug.,  Oct.     Type  locality  Mendocino  Co.,  Cal.,  May. 

We  are  rather  doubtful  of  this  species  as  we  limit  it  here,  but 
are  unable  to  divide  it  satisfactorily  either  by  superficial  characters  or 
genitalia.  We  sent  Meyrick  a  rather  yellowish  specimen,  and  he  re- 
turned it  with  the  note:  "probably  not  correct,  but  there  is  little  to  go 
by,  your  example  being  worn ;  it  is  rather  larger  than  the  two  types 
(which  are  in  very  good  order),  segiuents  of  forewings  apparently 
narrower  and  more  pointed,  tone  of  forewings  yellower  and  less 
grayish ;  true  inconditus  is  very  uniform  and  dull-coloured,  wings 
shorter-looking."  Later  we  were  able  to  compare  the  paratype  9 
in  the  Fernald  collection  with  our  entire  series.  Judging  by  Meyrick's 
note,  this  paratype  does  not  dififer  from  the  types  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  we  are  able  to  check  the  points  which  he  mentions,  but 


440 

still  quite  unable  to  divide  our  series  in  a  satisfactory  way.  We  must 
therefore  leave  the  species  as  a  small,  variable,  pale  coloured  Oidac- 
matophorus,  without  strict  definition.  The  larger  specimens  are  from 
Utah,  and  approach  caudclli  Dyar,  but  lack  the  prominently  dark-lined 
veins  in  the  lobes  of  the  primaries. 
The  life  history  is  unknown. 

55.  OiDAEMATOPiiORus  uNicoLOR  Barnes  &  McDunnough.    PI.  XLII, 
fig.  19. 

Pterophorus  unicolor  Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Cont.  Nat.  Hist.  Lep.  N.  A.  II, 
185,  pi.  I,  f.  8,  1913. 
Id.,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Grossbeck,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII  136,  1917. 

The  species  is  still  known  only  from  the  unique  type  9 ,  so  we  reproduce 
the  original  description  and  notes. 

"Primaries  pale  straw-color,  immaculate,  slightly  tinged  with  smoky  along 
terminal  margins  of  lobes ;  first  lobe  pointed,  second  lobe  rather  broad  with 
well  defined  upper  angle.  Secondaries  pale  smoky  with  lighter  silky  fringes. 
Beneath,  smoky.  Legs  pale  ochreous,  first  two  pairs  blackish  inwardly.  Ex- 
panse 14  mm. 

"Habitat.     Marco,   Fla.   (Apr.  24-30).     1    9.     Type,  Coll.  Barnes. 

"From  several  larvae,  found  boring  in  the  stems  of  the  Eupalorium  species 
above  referred  to,  we  succeeded  in  breeding  this  single  specimen." 

We  would  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  type  has  a  brown 
head  with  a  whitish  patch  between  the  antennae,  and  that  vein  Rj,  and 
all  of  those  in  the  second  lobe  of  the  priinaries  are  distinctly  marked 
vvitli  smoky  brown,  most  heavily  in  the  outer  margin.  The  thorax 
and  abdomen  are  pale  yellowisli  white,  the  latter  with  a  dorsal  and 
several  ventral  and  lateral  brown  stripes.  We  associate  with  the 
type  a  single  other  9  from  St.  Petersburg,  Fla.,  Oct.,  whose  expanse 
is  19  mm.,  but  we  are  not  at  all  certain  of  the  identity  of  this  specimen. 

56.  OiD.\EjrATOPiiORus  cAUDELLi  Dyar.    PI.  XLVI,  fig.  23.    PI.  I. Ill, 
fig.  3. 

Pterophorus  caudclli  Dyar,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  V,  228,  1903. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Head  light  brown,  yellowish  white  between  the  antennae.  Palpi  moderate, 
oblique,  whitish,  slender.  Antetmae  whitish.  Legs  whitish,  the  first  two  pairs 
shaded  with  fuscous  inside;  tibiae  of  hind  legs  slightly  shaded  outside.  Thorax 
and  abdomen  yellowish  white.  Abdomen  apparently  with  a  few  faint  brown 
stripes.     We  have  few  specimens  in  which  these  can  be  observed. 


441 

Primaries  yellowish  white  with  a  li.uht  brown  or  gray  brown  subcostal 
shade.  Wins  in  paler  areas  marked  with  a  similar  color.  Fringes  concolorous. 
Under  surface  mostly  gray-brown,  but  with  the  lobes  as  above,  with  dark  veins. 
Secondaries  and  their   fringes  pale  brownish  gray.     Expanse  20-27  mm. 

Distribution:  Type  locality  Williams,  Ariz.  Miss,  to  Ariz.,  north 
into  S.  Cal.  and  Utah,  Mar.  to  May,  July,  Sept. 

Like  the  related  species,  caudelli  seems  to  be  poorly  defined.  We 
have  only  a  small  series,  but  it  includes  a  very  considerable  range  of 
variation  in  depth  of  color  and  prominence  of  markings.  A  specimen 
from  Jemez  Springs,  N.  M.,  is  very  close  to  the  type,  which  we  have 
examined,  but  two  others  from  the  same  lot  diverge,  and  our  Utah 
specimens  approach  auslralis  Grin.  The  genitalia  differ  from  that 
species,  and  also  from  those  of  catalinac  Grinnell  (agraphodactylus 
Auct.  ?  Walk.)  with  which  caudelli  seems  also  to  intergrade  in  ap- 
pearance. Unicolor  B.  &  McD.  may  be  based  on  a  dwarfed  specimen 
of  caudelli,  but  the  type  and  one  other  9  which  we  refer  tentatively 
to  that  species  have  the  abdomen  more  distinctly  striped  than  the  series 
which  we  are  calling  caudelli. 

The  life  history  is  unknown. 

57.     OiDAEMATOPHORUS  CATALiN.^E  Grinnell.     PI.  XLVI,  fig.  22.     PI. 

LIII,  fig.  2. 
fLioptihts  agraphodactylKs  Walsingham  (?  Walker"),  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  46,  pi.  Ill, 

f.  6,  1880. 
tAlucita  agrafhodactyla  Feniald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  1891. 
^Pterophorus  agrapliodactylus  Fernald,  Pter.   N.   A.  47,   1898. 

Id..  Buil.  52  U.  S."n.  M.  445,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,   1910   (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,  1913  (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Ptcrophonis  catalinae  Grinnell,  Can.  Ent.  XL,  319,  1908. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  26,   1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
This  species  is  so  nearly  the  counterpart  of  caudelli  that  a  description 
would  be  mere  repetition.  We  have  only  six  specimens.  These  average  a  little 
larger  than  caudelli  and  are  slightly  more  yellow,  with  the  brown  subcostal 
shade  running  back  to  about  the  middle  of  the  base  of  the  wing.  Just  within 
the  co.stal  margin  of  this  shade  is  a  slender  line  of  ground  color  along  the  mar- 
gin of  the  cell.  \\'e  should  hesitate  to  regard  the  two  species  as  distinct  but 
for  the  fact  that  the  male  genitalia  differ  conspicuously.  Our  series  expands 
25-27  mm.,  the  t>-pe  28  mm. 


442 

Distribution :  Typie  locality  Avalon,  Santa  Catalina  Id.,  Sept.  In 
coll.  Barnes  S.  Cal.,  June  Aug.  Walsinghain  recorded  it  from  S.  Ore- 
gon, May. 

Our  data  may  be  regarded  as  insufficient  for  dropping  agrapho- 
dactylus  from  our  fauna,  and  this  very  probably  should  not  be  done. 
We  believe,  however,  that  this  name  is  likely  to  apply  to  caudelli, 
rather  than  to  the  Californian  form,  and  since  we  cannot  settle  the 
question  we  prefer  to  use  names  of  which  we  can  be  certain.  We 
submitted  a  specimen  of  catalinae  to  Meyrick  as  agraphodactyliis,  and 
received  the  following  note  in  reply.  "May  be  correct,  but  the  type 
is  in  poor  condition  and  wanting  in  definite  characters ;  I  think  it  may 
be  accepted  as  reasonably  likely."  The  examination  of  genitalia  of 
West  Indian  males  should  settle  the  question  satisfactorily;  consid- 
eration of  superficial  characters  certainly  will  not  do  so,  since  the 
type  is  poor  and  we  are  acquainted  with  two  almost  indistinguishable 
species  of  this  immediate  group.  Grinnell's  type  is  in  excellent  con- 
dition, and  is  a  very  well  marked  example  of  our  west  coast  species. 

58.      OlDAEMATOPHORUS  ARION   n.   sp.      PI.   XLVI,   fig.   18.      PI.   LIV, 

fig.  3. 

Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  evenly  dotted  with  brownish  gray  and  white 
scales.  Abdomen  with  single  blackish  dorsal  dots  in  hind  margins  of  segments. 
Antennae  with  gray-brown  and  white  scales,  finely  banded.  Palpi  slender,  mod- 
erate, drooping  in  the  type  but  probably  oblique  in  nature;  white  with  gray- 
Lrov.n  scales  outside.  Legs  whitish,  shaded  on  one  side  with  fuscous,  the 
hind  pair  lightly.     Tarsi  very  slenderly  dark-annulate  at  tips  of  joints. 

Costal  margin  of  primaries  dark  brownish  gray,  lighter  outward  with  a 
heavy  spot  beyond  base  of  cleft.  Remainder  of  wing  lighter  brownish  gray 
with  a  superficial  vestiture  of  white  scales.  There  is  a  small  dark  dot  in  the 
cell  and  a  larger,  but  still  inconspicuous  one  before  the  cleft,  not  touching  base 
of  cleft.  A  few  scattered  dark  scales  near  inner  margin.  Fringes  rather  darker 
than  wing,  darkest  in  cleft,  cut  by  a  few  white  hairs  and  tufts  especially  on 
outer  margin  of  second  lobe.  Secondaries  light  brownish  gray,  fringes  concol- 
orous.     Expanse  22.5  mm. 

Holotype    $,  Palmeriee,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz.,  coll.  Barnes. 

We  associate  with  this  specimen,  with  some  doubt,  a  single  fe- 
male from  Silverton,  Colo.,  July.  This  9  agrees  with  the  type  in 
most  features  but  the  primaries  are  whiter,  with  rather  plentiful  dark 
irroration  streaking  them.  We  should  hesitate  to  name  the  one  speci- 
men Init  for  the  peculiar  and  distinct  genitalia.  The  more  salient 
superficial  features  are  the  rather  narrow  primaries,  even  color,  and 


443 

absence  of  a  pale  patch  between  the  antennae.  The  species  may  be- 
long nearer  to  the  head  of  the  genus  with  gricscscetis,  but  it  seems  to 
us  to  show  some  relationship  with  monodactylus;  rather  remote,  it  is 
true. 

59.     OiDAEMATOPHORus    MONODACTYLUS   Linnaeus.      PI.    XLVI,    tig. 
13,  14,  15.    PI.  LIV,  fig.  13. 

Alucita  monodactyla  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  Ed.  X,  542,  1758. 

Femald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  87,  189L 

Meyrick,  Handbook  439,  1895. 
^Alucita  ptcrodactyla  Huebner  (not  Linn.),   Samml.   Eur.   Sctimett.  pi.   I,   t.  4, 

1823. 
Ptcrofhorus  cincridactylus  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Agr,  Soc.  XIV,  848,  1854. 

Id.,  1st  Kept.  Em.  N.  Y.  144.  1854. 

Morris,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  A.  54,  1860. 

Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  940,  1864. 
Pterophorus  naevosidactylus  Fitch,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Agr.  Soc.  XIV,  849,  1854 

Id.,  1st  Rept.  Ent.  N.  Y.  145,  1854. 

Morris,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  A.  54,  1860. 

Walker,  List  Lep.  Ins.  B.  M.  XXX,  940,  1864. 
Pterophorus  pcrgracilidactylus  Packard,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.  X,  265,  1873. 
tPterophorus  monodactylus  Zeller,  Verb.  z.-b.  Ges.  Wien.  XXIII,  326,  1873. 

Id.,  op.  cit.  XXV,  355,  1875. 

Walsingham,  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  39,  pi.  II,  f.  16,  pi.  Ill,  f.  1,  1880. 

Dimmock,  Psyche  III,  390,  403,  1882. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Bull.  35  U.  S.  N.  M.  137,  1889. 

Hofmann,  Deutsch.  Pter.  157,  1895   (biol.). 

Fernald.  Pter.  N.  A.  51,  pi.  I,  pi.  II,  ff.  3.  4;  pi.  VII,  ff.  1-5,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  446,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  Ent.   Soc.  Wash.  V,  228,  1903. 

B.  C.  Ent.  Soc.  Check  List  43,  1906. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  17,  1910. 

Winn,  List  Ins.  Que.  86,  1912. 

Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  26,  1913. 

Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  442,   1915. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   151,   1917. 

Grossbeck.  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  XXXVII,  135,  1917. 
Pterophorus  monodactyla  Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.   Ill,   1896. 
Pterophorus  barbcri  Dyar,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  V,  228,  1903. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  16,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  24,  1913. 

Banies  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
Emmelina  monodactyla  Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  37,  1905. 


444 

I'IcroI'liorus  pkiipennis  Grinncll.  Can.   Ent.  XL,  320,   1908. 
Meyrick,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  25,  1913. 
Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917 

Head  very  dark  brown  above,  slightly  paler  in  front,  nnicli  paler  between 
antennae,  whose  bases  are  sometimes  connected  in  front  of  this  pale  area  with 
a  white  line.  Antennae  whitish  with  brown  dots  above,  sometimes  almost  com- 
pletely dark.  Palpi  small,  obliqne,  whitish,  darkened  at  tips.  Thorax  white, 
yellow,  tawny,  gray,  cinnamon  or  dark  brown.  Abdomen  more  or  less  brown- 
ish or  grayish,  with  some  dark  streaks  and  dashes,  and  a  narrow  dorsal  stripe, 
concolorous  with  thorax,  which  widens  anteriorly  and  is  sometimes  margined 
with  white  toward  its  junction  with  the  thorax.  The  only  features  of  the  legs 
which  need  be  noted  are  the  slender  tufts  of  the  front  and  middle  tibiae  and 
the  crest  of  scales  which  is  usually  present  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  hind 
tarsi. 

The  primaries  are  narrow,  as  noted  ia  the  key,  but  have  unusually  long 
fringes  at  the  anal  angle  of  the  second  lobe.  The  longest  of  these  exceed  the 
width  of  the  lobe.  The  color  of  these  wings  is  extremely  variable.  We  have 
specimens  whicli  are  yellowish  tawnj-,  and  others  gray  or  whitish  with  a  few- 
brown  scales,  cinnamon,  and  various  mixtures  of  these  colors.  The  costa  may 
have  a  blackish  spot  well  out  toward  middle  of  first  lobe,  and  in  the  less  grayish 
examples  is  sprinkled  from  base  to  opposite  cleft  with  black  and  white.  There 
is  a  Mack  spot  before  liase  of  cleft  sometimes  extended  to  it,  a  dot  in  cell,  some 
at  tips  of  veins  in  both  lobes,  and  some  black  scales  streaking  the  wing,  at 
least  near  inner  margin.  Secondaries  and  fringes  of  both  wings  brownish  gray. 
Expanse  21-27  mm. 

Distribution:  Europe,  N.  Africa  and  Asia.  N.  America  from 
.'\llanlic  to  I'acific  and  from  Alexico  into  southern  (_'anada.  March 
to   Novemlier,  even  in  the  northern  ]iart  of  its  range. 

The  brief  Euroijean  sj'nonyniy  is  taken  from  ]\Ieyrick'.s  writings. 
The  tyjies  of  cincridactylns  and  nacz'osidactylus  are  in  tlie  Fernald 
collection,  of  pcrgyacilidactyliis  in  the  ("ambridge  IMuseum.  of  bai-bcri 
in  the  National  IMuseum  and  of  ['ictipeiDiis  in  the  Southwest  Museum. 
We  have  examined  all  of  these  types,  and  (ind  the  first  three  to  be  the 
grav  form  and  the  last  two  ratlier  brownish  tawny.  The  type  of 
harbcri  ha>-  no  crests  on  the  hind  tibiae,  but  in  our  series  of  over  a 
hundred  specimens  we  find  this  crest  in  all  stages  of  development. 

The  sjiecies  has  been  reared  bv  numerous  entomologists  on  this 
continent,  liut  we  are  forced  to  reproduce  Tutt's  descriptions  of  the 
larva  and  pupa,  which  he  quotes  from  TVirrilt  and  South,  as  indicated. 
The  recorded  food  plants  knovvU  to  us  are  Coirrol:iiliis  scpiiiiii.  ar- 
'i'riisis,  major,  tricolor.  CIiriio[^odiiiin  alhiiin.  .Itri[>lc.r  patiilu.  Cdllidia 
Tiihjaris.  Ipoiiiocii  piirpiirra  and  Rii patoritiiii  purptireuni. 


445 

Larva :  "Length,  when  at  rest,  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch,  and  stout  in 
proportion.  Head,  pohshed  and  rather  small,  narrower  than  the  second  seg- 
ment. Body  uniform  and  cylindrical,  tapering  a  little  posteriorly.  Segmental 
divisions,  well  defined  and  deeply  cut  ventrally ;  each  tubercle  emits  a  tuft  of 
short  but  rather  strong  hairs.  Ground  colour,  bright  yellowish-green,  more 
decidedly  green  on  the  back;  head,  pale  yellow;  the  mandibles  light  brown. 
A  fine  but  clear  yellowish-white  line  forms  the  dorsal  stripe;  there  is  a  much 
broader  stripe  of  the  same  colour  along  the  spiracular  region,  and  the  space 
between  it  and  the  spiracles  is  speckled  with  streaks  and  spots  of  the  same 
colour.  Spiracles  black,  hairs  greyish.  Ventral  surface,  legs  and  pro-legs 
uniformly  pale  green."     (Porritt,  Entomologist  XV,  90,  91.) 

Pupa:  "Green  at  first,  afterwards  pale  dingy-brown,  more  or  less  suf- 
fused with  reddish-brown  along  the  dorsal  area.  Dorsal  and  lateral  lines  in- 
ternipted,  blackish-brown;  warts  and  hairs  as  in  the  larva  except  that  some 
of  the  dorsal  series  are  blackish.  Head  flattened,  marked  with  brown,  and 
thickly  covered  with  short  hairs.  Wing-cases  yellowish-green,  faintly  streaked 
with  brown.  Attached  by  anal  segment  to  stem  of  food  plant  or  other  object 
near."    (South,   Entomologist  XVHI,  277.) 

60.     OiDAEMATOPHORUs  LONGiFRONS  Walsingham.    PI.  XLVII,  fig.  15. 

PI.  LIV,  fig.  11. 
Ptcrol>horus  longifrons  Walsingham,  Biol.  Cent.  Am.,  Lep.  Het.  IV,  448,  1915. 

Head  clothed  with  white  tipped  gray  scales.  Frontal  tuft  long,  conical. 
There  is  no  frontal  prominence  within  the  tuft.  Antennae  whitish.  Palpi 
long,  porrect,  about  as  long  as  entire  head,  including  tuft,  and  exceeding  front 
by  about  length  of  head:  grayish,  second  joint  with  rather  thick  vestiture  above. 
Fore  and  middle  legs  white,  shaded  with  brownish  gray  inside  and  at  tips  of  tar- 
sal joints.  Third  pair  whitish,  lightly  shaded  with  brownish  gray.  Thorax 
anteriorly  clothed  with  white  tipped,  very  pale  grayish  scales,  posteriorly  with 
a  heavy  Y-shaped  mark  outlined  in  white,  the  intermediate  space  gray-brown. 
Abdomen  brownish  gray  with  the  white  margins  of  the  Y  continued  as  a  broad 
whitish  dorsal  stripe  containing  three  gray  brown  lines,  the  central  one  with 
blackish  dots  in  the  posterior  margins  of  the  segments.  Both  lees  and  abdomen 
are  very  long  and  slender. 

Primaries  grayish  on  costa,  becoming  brownish  on  inner  margin,  with 
scattered  black  and  a  few  white  scales.  Continuing  from  the  pale  front  part 
of  the  thorax  there  is  a  whitish  basal  streak.  Above  base  of  cleft  a  whitish 
costal  mark  faintly  relieves  a  dark  spot  following  it.  There  is  a  black  dot  near 
middle  of  cell,  a  faint  dark  spot  or  a  few  pale  scales  at  base  of  cleft  in  some 
specimens,  and  occasionally  a  few  obscure  black  dots  at  tips  of  veins  in  first 
lobe.     Secondaries  and  all  fringes  gray-brown.     Expanse  25-28  mm. 

Distribution:     Mexico.     Texas,  Mar.;  Ariz.,  June;  S.  Cal.  Sept. 

We  have  fourteen  specimens  of  this  species  from  the  states  men- 
tioned. Among  them  we  find  two  forms  of  genitaha,  hut  we  arc 
utterly  unable  to  divide  the  series  by  superficial  characters,  and  since 


U6 

we  have  no  way  of  deterniiniiig  the  genitahc  structure  of  true  longi- 
frons  we  prefer  to  assume,  for  the  present,  that  this  difference  is 
possibly  only  a  variation  within  the  species.  We  should  hardly  expect 
this,  but  the  difference  lies  in  the  length  of  the  right  harpe  only,  so 
the  assumption  is  reasonable.  We  have  made  five  slides  without 
finding  an  intermediate,  and  therefore  figure  both  forms. 

The  unique  type  of  longifrons  was  taken  at  Omilteme,  Guerrero, 
Mexico,  in  July.  It  is  a  male,  but  the  abdomen  is  broken  so  the 
form  of  the  genitalia  of  the  species  must  be  decided  from  topotypical 
material.  Mr.  Meyrick  compared  one  of  our  specimens  with  the  type 
and  pronounced  it  correctly  identified. 

The  early  stages  are  unknown. 

Genus  Agdistis  Huebner 
Haplotype  Ahicita  adactyla  FIbn. 

Aydislis  Huebner,  Verz.  l.ek.  Sdimett.  429,  1826. 

Zeller,  Linn.   Ent.  VI,  321,   1852. 

Meyrick,   Trans.   Ent.   Soc.   Lond.  486,   1890. 

Tun,  Pter.  Brit.  14,  1891. 

Meyrick,  Handbook  441,  1895. 

Hofmann,  Dcutsch.  Pter.  47,  50,   1895. 

Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVH,  35,  1905. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  C,  20,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  31.  1913. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 
AdiUtylus  Curtis,  Brit.  Ent.,  Lep.  H,  471,  1833.     Orthotype  adactyla. 

Tutt.  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905.     Pseudotype  bcnncttii  Curt. 
%Agdistcs  VVestwood,  Gen.  Syn.  115,  1840.    Orthotype  bcnncttii 
tAdactyla  Zeller,  Isis  X,  771,  1841. 

Erncstia  Tutt,  Brit.  Lep.  V,  128,  1906.     Orthotype  leriiiciisis  Mill. 
Hcrbcrtia  Tutt,  op.  cit.  129.     Orthotype  tamaricis  Zell. 

Front  prominent,  sniootlily  rounded.  Ocelli  present.  Palpi  moderate, 
upturned;  second  joint  with  loose  vestiture  of  long  scales;  third  small,  ovoid. 
Primaries  entire ;  Cu.,  from  near  angle  of  cell,  M,^  and  Cu^  stalked,  M._,  to  Rg 
free,  discocellulars  obsolete  (R,  lo  R^  approximate  or  connate  in  other  faunae 
according  to  Meyrick).  Secondaries  entire,  outer  margin  sinuate;  under  sur- 
face -with  pecten  of  black  scales  over  the  usual  row  of  black  scales  on  cubital 
stem;  Cu.,  from  middle  of  cell,  Cu,  well  before  end  of  cell,  discocellulars  and 
one  median  faintly  indicated,  M,,  strong,  one  radial  and  S  C  near  costa,  R  to 
apex  and  S  C  to  costa  just  before  apex.  Two  anals  present,  obsolescent.  (See 
pi.  XLVIII,  fig.  10.) 


44T 

The  entire  wings  segregate  our  single  species  of  Agdistis  so  con- 
spicnously  that  no  other  characters  are  needed  for  its  identification. 
The  neuration  differs  in  several  particulars  from  that  of  the  genotype. 

1.     Agdistis  Americana  n.  sp.     PI.  XLII,  fig.  20.     PI.  Lit,  fig.  16. 

iAgdistis  adactyla  Dyar  (Not  Hbn.),  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.  X,  60,  1908. 
Barnes  &  McDiinnough,  Check  List  151,  1917. 

Vestiture  of  head  and  body  of  whitish  and  brownish  gray  scales,  under 
parts  overlaid  with  white.  Abdomen  with  paired  dorsal  dots  on  posterior 
margins  of  segments.  Legs  concolorous,  more  or  less  whitish  on  one  side ; 
spurs  short. 

Primaries  with  a  gray  brown,  thinly  scaled,  subtriangular  area  beginning 
at  basal  third  of  cell  and  extending  to  outer  margin  with  limits  of  cell  con- 
tinued in  a  sharp  line  equidistant  from  inner  and  costal  margins  respectively 
as  its  boundaries.  Remainder  of  wing  with  mixed  whitish  and  fuscous  scales. 
There  is  usually  a  fuscous  spot  at  apex  of  thinly  scaled  triangle,  two  dots  on 
its  hind  margin,  and  several  spots  in  the  apical  portion  of  the  costa.  Fringes 
grayish  white  with  a  dark  median  line.  Secondaries  and  their  fringes  similar 
to  triangle,  sometimes  with  a  slight  "pepper-and-salt"  area  on  outer  margin. 
Fringes  with  a  faint  dark  line.     Expanse  24  mm. 

The  male  genitalia  are  abundantly  distinct  from  those  of  the  European 
adactyla   Hbn. 

Described  from  a  long  series  from  San  Diego,  Cal.,  taken  by  Messrs.  W. 
S.  Wright  and  Geo.  H.  Field,  in  every  month  from  March  to  August.  The 
types  are  as  follows : 

Holoti-pe    $ ,  allotype,  and  8  paratypes    S    in  coll.  Barnes. 

Paratype    i    and  paratype    9    U.  S.  N.  M.  No.  23486. 

S  paratypes   $ ,  coll.  W.  S.  Wright. 

The  greater  part  of  our  series  is  from  the  collection  of  W.  D. 
Kearfott,  who  recognized  the  distinctness  of  the  species  and  labelled 
a  type  series  with  the  name  which  we  now  adopt.  We  have  but  one 
specimen  of  adactyla,  a  male,  which  differs  from  the  American  species 
in  its  more  brownish  color,  more  conspicuously  white  costal  fringes 
on  the  primaries  and  u'hite  hind  tarsi  (four  distal  joints  only).  The 
genitalia,  as  noted,  are  much  different. 

The  species  has  apparently  not  been  reared. 


448 


FAMILY  ALUCITIDAE 

Pbahicnac  alucitac  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  X,  I,  542,  1758  (in  part). 

Ri[iidophorae  Huebner,  Tentamen,   1806. 

Ptcrophorites  Latreille,  Consid.  Gen.  370,  1810  (in  part). 

Aluciladac  Samouelle,  Ent.  Comp.  255,  1819  (in  part). 

Ahicitae  Huebner,  Verz.  bek.  Sclimett.  428,  1825  (in  part,  Multifidae). 

Alucitidac  Stephens,  Cat.  Brit.  Ins.  II,  229,  1829  (in  part). 

Westwood,  Mod.  Class.  Ins.  II,  413,  1840  (in  part). 
Alucitina  Zeller,  Isis  X,  865,  1841. 

Wallengren,  Skand.  Fjad.  1859. 

Tutt,  Pter.  Brit.  155,  1896. 
Orncoditcs  Duponchel,  Cat.  Meth.  384,  1845. 
Onicodidae  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.  483,  1890. 

Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 

Meyrick,  Handbook  441,  1895. 

Fernald,  Pter.  N.  A.  61,  1898. 

Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  448,  1902. 

Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  CVIII,  1910. 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17,  40,  1913. 

Fracker,  Class,  Lep.  Larvae  94,  1915. 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  152,  1917. 
Ocelli  present.  Proboscis  well  developed.  Maxillary  palpi  not  developed 
in  our  species.  Labial  palpi  strong.  Both  primaries  and  secondaries  deeply 
cleft  into  six  "feathers"  each.  One  vein  runs  to  the  tip  of  each  lobe.  In 
the  primaries  we  regard  these  as  R„,  R.,  M.,,  Cu^,  Cu^,  and  A.  S  C  and  R,  are 
also  present,  but  short.  In  the  secondaries  the  veins  are  probably  Rj,  R.,  M^, 
Cu  ,  Cu.,  and  A.  S  C  is  present  but  short.  The  under  surface  of  the  second- 
aries lacks  the  black  scales  which  occur  in  the  Pterophoridae,  and  the  legs  are 
of  normal  length;  spurs  as  in  Ptcrophoridac. 

The  family  includes  four  genera,  of  which  only  one  is  represented  in  our 
fauna. 

Genus  Alucita  Linnaeus 
Logotype  Alucita  hcxadactyla  Linn. 

Alucita.  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  Ed.  X,  I,  542,  1758. 

Curtis,  Brit.  Ent.,  Lep.   II,  695,   1838.     Fixes  type. 

Wallengren,  Skand.  Fjad.  23,  1859. 

Tutt,  Pter.   Brit.   157,   1896. 
Oriicodcs  Latreille,  Precis  Car.  Ins.  148,  1796.     Logotype  hcxadactyla. 

Id.,  Consid.  Gen.  442,  1810.     Fixes  type. 

Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  490,  1890. 

Fernald,  Smith's  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 


449 

Meyrick,  Handbook  442,  1895. 
Fernald,  Pter,  N.  A.  61,  1898. 
Id.,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  448,  1902. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  CVIII,  2,  1910. 
Id.,   Wagner's   Lep.   Cat.   pars   17,   40.    1913. 
Bames  &  McDunnough,  Check  List  152,   1917. 
liuchiradia  Huebner,  \'erz.   bek.    Schmett.  431,    1825.     Logotype   hcxndactyla. 
Tutt,  Ent.  Rec.  XVII,  35,  1905. 
Meyrick,  Gen.  Ins.  CVIII,  2,  1910.     Fixes  type   (under  Orncodcs). 

Characters  of  the  family. 

The  European  writers  on  whose  work  the  former  usage  of  this 
genus  was  based,  accepted  the  restriction  to  pentadactylus  by  Poda. 
This  is  not  in  accordance  with  the  International  Rules.  The  earliest 
actual  designation  of  a  type  which  is  validated  by  these  rules,  is  that 
of  Curtis.     We  accept  this  fixation. 

Only  one  species  has  been  taken  in   North  America. 

L     Alucit.\  MONTANA  Cockerell.    PI.  XLII,  fig.  2\.    PI.  LIV,  tig.  10. 

^Atucita  hcxadaclyta  Walsingham   (not  Linn.),  Pter.  Cal.  Ore.  66,  pl.  Ill,  f.  lo, 
1880.  " 

Cockerell,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XXV,  213,  1889. 
Alucita  moHtana  Cockerell,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  XXV,  213,  1889. 
Orncodcs  hcxadactyla  Fernald   (not  Liini.),  List  Lep.  N.  A.  88,  1891. 

Comstock.    Manna!   238,    1895. 

Fernald,  Pter,  N.  A.  62,  1898   (in  part). 

Dyar,  Ent.  Rec.  XI,  140,  pl.  I,  f.  6,  1899. 

Fernald,  Bull.  52  U.  S.  N.  M.  448,  1902  (in  part). 

Houghton,  Ent.  News,  XIII,  89,  1902. 

Dyar,  Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII,  924,  1904  (biol.). 

Meyrick,  Gen.   Ins.  CVIII.  3,   1910  (in  part). 

Id.,  Wagner's  Lep.  Cat.  pars  17.  42,   1913   (in  part). 

Barnes  &  McDunnough,  Check  List   152,  1917. 
Palpi   with   second   joint  heavily   sealed,   rather  triangular,  truncate,   white 
aliove  and  below,  Iirown  on   si<les.     Third  upturned,  long,  slender,  brown  with 
white  tip  and  base.     Abdomen  brown,  each  segment  with  white  posterior  mar- 
gin.    Head,  antennae  and  thorax  brown. 

The  primaries  of  this  specie.s  are  crossed  b.\  a  wide  median  band,  margined 
narrowly  with  wliife,  which  forks  on  the  first  two  lobes.  Tliere  is  another  band 
nearer  the  liase  on  t!u-  first  lobe  which  is  not  distinctly  marked  elsewhere,  and 
an  additional  subtermina!  band  which  is  narrower  on  the  first  two  lobes.  Be- 
tween this  and  the  median  band  there  is  a  heavy  costal  spot  which  does  not 
reach  the  inner  margin  of  the  first  lolie.  All  of  these  marks  are  margined  with 
white.  The  ground  color  is  grayish  tawny  and  the  marks  ver>-  dark  brown, 
as   also   are   the   tips   of   the   lobes.     Secondaries  checkered   with   dark  brown, 


450 

tawny  and  white.  Fringes  of  both  wings  concolorous  with  the  contiguous 
parts.     Expanse  11-16  mm. 

Distribution :  Type  locality  Custer  Co.,  Colo.  Ariz,  to  Van- 
couver Is.,  east  to  Out.  and  N.  Y.,  Mar.,  Apr.,  June,  July. 

We  have  a  single  specimen  of  hexadactyla  kindly  supplied  by 
Mr.  Busck  from  the  Hofmann  collection  in  the  National  Museum. 
This  specimen  is  much  lighter  and  more  ochreous  in  general  appear- 
ance than  our  large  series  of  the  North  American  species,  and  entirely 
lacks  pure  white  scales.  It  is  otherwise  closely  related.  The  genitalia 
show  enough  differences,  we  believe,  to  warrant  the  retention  of 
moniana  as  a  good  species,  though  they  are  of  the  same  general  form 
The  gnathos  is  more  spatulate  in  hexadactyla,  the  uncus  in  our  one 
slide  appears  to  be  notched,  but  without  the  two  small  processes  which 
are  found  in  montana,  and  the  basal  processes  on  the  claspers  are  much 
more  blunt. 

Under  the  name  hexadactyla  Dr.  Dyar  published  a  few  notes 
(Proc.  U.  S.  N.  M.  XXVII.  924)  which  indicate  that  the  larva  prob- 
ably mines  the  leaves  of  snowberry  (Syniphoricarpos  spp.).  The  Euro- 
pean hexadactyla  lives  in  the  flowers  of  honeysuckle  {Loniccra). 


The   following   terms  and  signs,  taken    from   Van   Duzee's  "Catalogue  of 
the  Hemiptera,"  are  used  in  this  work: 
Types  of  genera  are  designated  as : 

Orthotype  :     type  by  original  designation. 

Haplotype:     type  by  single  reference  (only  included  species). 

Logotype  :     type  by  subsequent  designation. 

P.scudotype  :     erroneous  type  designation. 
II  signifies  preoccupied  names. 
t  signifies  names  cited  in  error. 
t  signifies  emendations. 
§  signifies  clerical  errors. 


451 


The  figures  on  plates  XLI  to  XLVII  inclusive  are  three  times 
natural  size. 

In  drawing  the  figures  of  neuration  on  plate  XLVII  I  various 
scales  were  used  to  give  figures  of  the  same  size. 

All  figures  of  genitalia,  plates  XLIX  to  LIV  inclusive,  are  ap- 
proximately seventeen  times  natural  size. 


452 


PLATE  XLI 

1.  Trichoptilus  dejectalis  Wlk.     Chokoloskee,  Fla. 

2.  Trichoptilus  lobidaclylus  Fitch.    Meach  Lake,  Ottawa  Co.,  Que. 

3.  Trichoptilus  catiforiiicus  VVlstn.     Lakeland,  Fla. 

4.  Ptcrophorus  pcriscclidactylus  Fitch.    Decatur,  III. 

5.  Ptcrophorus  tenuidactylus  Fitch.    New  Brighton,  Pa. 

6.  Ptcrophorus  raptor  Meyr.     Chimney  Gulch,  Golden,  Colo. 

7.  Ptcrophorus  ningoris  Wlsm.    Deer  Park  Springs,  Lake  Tahoe,  Cal. 

8.  Ptcrophorus  dclawaricus  Zell.    Hot  Spring.";,  Green  River,  Wash. 

9.  Platyptilia  marmarodactyla  Dyar.     San  Diego,  Cal. 

10.  Platyptilia  punctidactyla  Haw.    Aweme,  Man. 

11.  Platyptilia  punctidactyla  Haw.    Crater  Lake,  Ore. 

12.  Platyptilia  pica  Wlsm.    Wellington,  B.  C. 

13.  Platyptilia  acanthodactyla  Hhn.    Carmel,  Cal. 

14.  Platyptilia  iciltianisii  Grin.     Alameda  Co.,  Cal. 

15.  Platyptilia  crcmdata  B.  &  McD.     St.  Petersburg,  Fla. 

16.  Platyptilia  Carolina  Kft.    "Cotype".    Black  Mts.,  N.  C. 

17.  Platyptilia  tcsseradactyla  Linn.    New  Brighton,  Pa. 

18.  Aciptilia  walsinghami  Fern.    Stockton,  Utah. 

19.  Pselnophorus  bclfragei  Fish.    Fort  Myers,  Fla. 

20.  Adaina  bipunctatus  Moesch.    Florida. 

21.  Adaina  zephyria  n.  sp.     Paratype   c? .     San  Diego,  Cal. 


I'lATK     Xl.l 


454 


PLATE  XLII 

1.  Adatna  montana  Wlsm.    (N.  Y.  ?  Kellicott). 

2.  Adaina  nwntana  form  declwis  Meyr.    Colo. 

3.  Adaina  cinerascens  Wlsm.    Verdi,  Nevada. 

4.  Adaina  buscki  n.  sp.    Allotype  $  .    Cocoanut  Grove,  Fla. 

5.  Adaina  ambrosiae  Murt.    Pale  form.    San  Diego,  Cal. 

6.  Adaina  ambrosiae  Murt.    Dark  form.    Decatur,  111. 

7.  Marasmarcha  pumilio  Zell.    Essex  Co.  Pk.,  N.  J. 

8.  Exelastis  cervinicolor  B.  &  McD.    Type  9 .    Everglade,  Fla  . 

9.  Stenoptilia  rhynchosiae  Dyar.    Stemper,  Fla. 

10.  Stenoptilia  mengcU  Fern.    Greenland.     (Type  lot). 

11.  Stenoptilia  exelamationis  Wlsm.    Dark  form.    Silverton,  Colo. 

12.  Stenoptilia  parva  Wlsm.     San  Diego,  Cal. 

13.  Stenoptilia  pterodactyla  Linn.     European. 

14.  Stenoptilia  exelamationis  Wlsm.    Light  form. 

15.  Stenoptilia  pallistriga  B.  &  McD.     St.  Petersburg,  Fla. 

16.  Stenoptilia  zophodaetyla  Dup.    San  Diego,  Cal. 

17.  Oidaematophorus  corvus  n.  sp.    Pale  form.    Victoria,  B.  C. 

18.  Oidaematophorus  eorinis  n.  sp.    Gray  form.     Paratype   9 .    Tuolumne 

Meadows,  Tuolumne  Co.,  Cal. 

19.  Oidaematophorus  unieolor  B.S!.  McD.    Type  9.    Marco,  Fla. 

20.  Acjdistis  amerieana  n.  sp.    Paratype   S  ■    San  Diego,  Cal. 

21.  Ahieita  montana  Ckll.    "St.  Cruz  Mts.,  Cal." 


IV\Ti:    XI.  I  I 


456 


PLATE  XLIII 


1. 

Platyftili 

2. 

Ptatyl'tih 

3. 

Platyptih 

4. 

Plaiypiih 

5. 

Platyptih 

6. 

Platyptih 

7. 

Platyptih 

8. 

Platyptih 

Cnl. 

9. 

Platyplil 

10. 

Platyptit 

11. 

Platyptih 

12. 

Platyptih 

'a  carduidactyla  Riley,    Decatur,  111. 

'a  pcrciiodactyla  Wlsm.    Castle  Lake,  Siskiyou  Co.,  Cal. 

a  rhododactyla  D.  &  S.    European. 

a  orthocarpi  Wlsm.    B.  C. 

a  fragilis  Wlsm.    Deer  Park  Springs,  Lake  Tahoe,  Cal. 

a  albida  Wlsm.     Monache  Meadows,  Tulare  Co.,  Cal. 

a  shastae  Wlsm.    Shasta  Retreat,  Siskiyou  Co.,  Cal. 

maca  n.  sp.    Paratype  3 .    Tuolumne  Meadows,  Tuolumne  Co., 

•a  alhidorsella  Wlsm.    San  Diego,  Cal. 
ij  albiciliata  Wlsm.    Wellington,  B.  C. 
'a  albicans  Fish.    Verdi,  Nevada. 
o  modi-sta  Wlsm.    Huachuca  Mts.,  Ariz. 


I'LATK     XMII 


458 


PLATE  XLIV 

1.  Platyptilia  edwardsii  Fish.    Durham,  N.  H. 

2.  Platyptilia  auriya  n.  sp.    Paratype   5  .     Essex  Co.  Park,  N.  J. 

3.  Platyptilia  pallidactyla  Haw.    Normal.    Decatur,  111. 

4.  Platyptilia  pallidactyla  Haw.    Pale  form.    Silverton,  Colo. 

5.  Platyptilia  xylopsamma  Meyr.    Stockton,  Utah. 

6.  Platyptilia  grandis  Wlsm.    Shasta  Retreat,  Siskiyou  Co.,  Cal. 

7.  Platyptilia  petrodactyla  Wlk.    Dawson,  Alaska. 

8.  Platyptilia  alhcrtac  n.  sp.    Holotype  9  .    Laggan,  Alta. 

9.  Platyptilia  coolcyi  Fern.     Silverton,  Colo. 

10.  Oidatmatophorus  sulphurcodactylus  Pack.    Loma  Linda,  Cal. 

11.  Oidaematophorus  screnus  Meyr.    Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz. 

12.  Oidaematophorus  balanotes  Meyr.     St.  Petersburg,  Fla. 


I'latk   WAV 


4G0 


PLATE  XLV 

1.  Oidacnuitophorus  fisliii  Furn.     $     Chiric;ihua  Mts.,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz. 

2.  Oiddi-inalophorus  fishii  Fern.     9-     San  Bernardino  Mts.,  Cal. 
i.  Oidacmaiophoms  tinctus  Wlsm.     Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz. 

4.  Oidacmatotihorus  homodactylus  Wlk.    Chelsea,  Quebec. 

5.  OidaematopliDrus  clliottii  Fern.    Chelsea,  Quebec. 

6.  Oidaematopiionts  faleaccns  Zcll.    Decatur,  111. 

7.  Oidacmatophorns  occidcntalis  Wlsm.     Normal  form.     Hereford,  Ariz. 

,S.  Oidacmatophorus  occidentalis  Wlsm.     Dark  form.     Monache  Meadows, 

Tulare  Co.,  Cal. 

9.  Oidacmatoplionis  iincnii-ciis  Fish.    Light  form.    Wellington,  B.  C. 

10.  Oidacmatophurus  cineraccus  Fish.     Dark  form.     Malahat,  B.  C. 

11.  Oidacmatophorus  rilcyi  Fern.    Deer  Park  Springs,  Lake  Tahoe,  Cal. 

12.  Oidaemaiophorus  baroni  Fish.    Mills  College,  Alameda  Co.,  Cal. 

13.  Oidaeniatop/ionis  cretidactylus  Fitch.     Essex  Co.  Park,  N.  J. 

14.  Oidaematophorns  mathnvianus  Zell.    Camp  Baldy,  San  Bernardino  Mts., 

Cal. 

15.  OidaoiiutophiiiKs  nipuluiii  Fern.     Decatur,  HI. 

lo.  Oidaematopliorus  yuttatus  Wlsm.    Stockton,  Utah. 

17.  OidaeiiuHophonts  ataskcn.ns  u.  up.    Paratype   S-    Kuby,  .\laska. 

18.  Oidacniafophorus  strainiiicus  Wlsm.    Aweme,  Man. 

19.  Oidaemalophmus  vcnapuiiclus  B.  &  L.     San  Benito,  Tex. 

20.  Oidacnuitopliorus  Intcoluf  n.  sp.     Holotype   i  .    Paradise,  Cochise  Co..  Ariz. 


I 'I  \t:     XI.\" 


-^ 


««^ 


/^    \ 


iG2 


PLATE  XLVI 

1.  (Jidiicnmloplwrus  iiiQtiinntus  Zell.     Denver.  Colo. 

2.  Oiiiaonatophvrus  cms  n.  sp.     Paratype   S  .    Mohave  Co.,  Ariz. 

0.  Oidacmatophorus  pan  n.  sp.    Paratype  9  .    Palm  Springs,  Riverside  Co.,  Cal. 

4.  Oidiictiiatoplwnis  triton  n.  sp.    Holotype  S  .    Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

5.  Oidacniiitopliorus  phoebus  n.  sp.    Paratype.    Carmel,  Cal. 
0.  Oidaematophorus  intcgrattts  Meyr.    Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

7.  Oidaonatophorus  austcr  n.  sp.    Holotype  S  .    Mohave  Co.,  Ariz. 

8.  Oidai'inatophotus  hnicei  Fern.    Aweme,  Man. 

9.  OidaciiMtopliorus  citriles  Meyr.    Boulder,  Colo. 

II).  Oidacmatophorus  iiieyricki  n.  sp.    Paratype  5.    San  Diego,  Cal. 

11.  Oidacmatophorus  gratiosus  Fish.    Cannel,  Cal. 

12.  Oidaematophorus  ficldi  Wright.    "Cotype"   9  .    San  Diego,  Cal. 

13.  Oidacmatophorus  monodactylus  Linn.    Grey  form.    Loma  Linda,  Cal. 

14.  Oidacmatophorus  monodactylus  Linn.    Irrorate  form.     Winnipeg,  Man. 

15.  Oidaematophorus  moiwdaclylus  Linn.    Brown  form.    Palo  Alto,  Cal. 

16.  Oidaonatophorus  varius  n.  sp.    Paratype  S  ■    San  Diego,  Cal. 

17.  Oidacmatophorus  falsits  n.  sp.    Holotype   S  .    Tuscon,  Ariz. 

18.  Oidacmatophorus  arion  n.  sp.    Holotype  <J  .    Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

1'),  Oidiiciiialot>Iionis  pcrditus  n.  sp.     Allotype    9.     Chimney  Gulch,  Golden. 
Colo. 

20.  Oidacmatophorus  aiistralis  Grin.     Upper  surface.     Santa  Ana  R.,  San  Ber- 

nardino Mts.,  Cal. 

21.  Oidacmatophorus  australis  Grin.    Lower  surface. 
Zl.  Oidacmatophorus  catalinac  Grin.     San  Diego,  Cal. 

23.  Oidacmatophorus  caudclli  Dyar.    Jemez  Springs,  N.  M. 

24.  Oidacmatophorus  incouditus  Wlsm.    San  Diego,  Cal. 


I'l.ATK     XIAl 


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y     :$K 


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in  <ii  i^f'lii MWlUffV" 


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'SStetta^ 


464 


PLATE  XLVII 

1.  Oidacmatophorus  mcdiits  n.  sp.    Allotype   9  .     Brownsville,  Tex. 

2.  Oidacmatophorus  linus  n.  sp.    Holotype   $  .    New  Brighton,  Pa. 

3.  Oidacmatophorus  cadmus  n.  sp.    Holotype   $ .    Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

4.  Oidacmatophorus  helianthi  Wlsm.    Tuolumne  Madows,  Cal. 

5.  Oidacmatophorus  kcllicottii  Fish.    Anglesea,  N.  J. 

6.  Oidacmatophorus  lactcodactylns  Chum.     Greenwood  Lake,   N.  J. 

7.  Oidacmatophorus  grandis  Fish.    Carmel,  Cal. 

8.  Oidacmatophorus  subochraccus  Wlsm.     Upper  surface.     Camp  Baldy,   San 

Bernardino  Mts.,  Cal. 

9.  Oidacmatophorus  subochraccus  Wlsm.    Lower  surface. 

10.  Oidacmatophorus  castor,  n.  sp.    Holotype   5  •     Redington,  Ariz. 

11.  Oidacmatophorus  poUux  n.  sp.    Holotype  5  .    Paradise,  Cochise  Co.,  AHt. 

12.  Oidacmatophorus  mizar  n.  sp.    Allotype   9  .    Palmerlee,  Ariz. 

13.  Oidacmatophorus  griscsccns  Wlsm.    Loma  Linda,  San  Bernardino  Co.,  Cal. 

14.  Oidacmatophorus  costatus  n.  sp.    Paratj-pe   S  .    Monache  Meadows,  Tulare 

Co.,  Cal. 

15.  Oidacmatophorus  longifrons  Wlsm.    Palmerlee,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz. 

16.  Oidacmatophorus  iobatcs  n.  sp.     Allotype   9-     En  route  Dewey  to  Salome, 

Ariz. 

17.  Oidacmatophorus  cochisc  n.  sp.    Holotype  $  .    Palmerlee,  Cochise  Co.,  Ariz. 

18.  Oidacmatophorus  arcs  n.  sp.     Holotype   9  .     Stockton,  Utah. 


I'l.ATK     XIAU 


^f^ 


^.^■:'_:,"*^^^iBSir' 


.^-^ 


466 


PLATE  XLVIII 

Neuration 

1.  Trichoptilus  lobidactylus  Fitch. 

2.  Ptcrophorus  periscelidactylus  Fitch. 

3.  Platyptilta  carduidactyla  Riley. 

4.  Psclnophorus  belfragci  Fish. 

5.  Adaina  zcpliyria  B.  &  L. 

6.  Aciptilia  isialsinghami  Fern. 

7.  Oidaematophunis  lithodaclylus  Tr.  (genotype). 

8.  Marasmarcha  pumilio  Zell. 

8a.     Exelastis  ccrvinicohr  B.  &  McD.,  first  lobe  of  primary. 

9.  Stenoptilia  ptcrodactylaXAnn.    (yenot>-pe). 
10.    Agdistis  amcrkana  B.  &  L. 


I'latk   XIA  III 


A.    W.   Lliul.sey.  li 


468 


PLATE  XLIX 

a.  uncus,     b.  ventral  plate,     c.  right  valve,     d.  ocdeagus. 

1.  Ptcropliorus  tcnuidactylus  Fitch. 

2.  P.  cygnus  B.  &  L.,  holotype. 

3.  P.  raptor  Meyr. 

4.  P.  ddawarkus  Zell. 

5.  P.  periscelidactylus  Fitch. 

6.  P.  ningoris  Wlsm. 

7.  TrkhoptiUis  lobidactylus  Fitch. 

8.  T.  califoniicus  Wlsm.,  lateral  aspect. 

9.  T.  defectalis  Wlk.,  lateral  aspect. 

10.  Stenoptilia  parva  Wlsm. 

11.  5".  exdamationis  Wlsm.,  right  valve. 

12.  Exelastls  cervinkolor  B.  &  McD.,  right  valve. 

13.  Marasmarcha  pumilio  Zell. 

14.  Stenoptilia  rhynchosiac  Dyar. 

15.  6".  zophodactyla  Dup. 

16.  5".  mcngeli  Fern.,  right  valve. 

17.  Aciptilia  walsingliami  Fern. 

18.  Adaina  hipunctata  Moesch. 

19.  Pxcbniphorns  bclfragei  Fish. 

20.  Adaina  zephyria  B.  &  L. 


A,    W.   Liii.lsey.  del. 


470 


PLATE  L 

Male  genitalia 

1.  Adaina  huscki  B.  &  L.,  holotype. 

2.  A.  montana  declivis  Meyr. 

3.  A.  cinerascens  Wlsm 

4.  A.  ambrosiae  Miirt. 

5.  Platyptilia  crenulata  B.  &  McD. 

6.  P.  albertae  B.  &  L.,  uncus  and  right  valve  of  allotype. 

7.  P.  inodcsta  Wlsm, 

8.  P.  tcsscradaciyla  Linn. 

9.  Stenoptilia  ptcrodactyla  Linn. 

10.  Platyptilia  marmarodactyla  Dyar. 

11.  P.  pallidactyla  Haw. 

12.  P.  albicans  Fish,  left  valve  and  uncus. 

13.  P.  punctidactyla  Haw.     a.  lateral  aspect  of  uncus.       u.  uncus  of  acantho- 

dactyla  Hbn. 

14.  P.  pcrcnodactyla  Wlsm. 

15.  P.  Carolina  Kearf.,  cotype.    u.  uncus  of  albiciliata  Wlsm. 

16.  Stenoptilia  pallistriga  B.  &  McD.,  right  valve  of  holotype. 


Plate  L 


.^^^ 


A.  W.  LiiKlsey.  del. 


472 


PLATE  LI 

Male  genitalia 

1.  Oidacmatot>horus  occidcntalis  Wlsm. 

2.  O.  crctidactylus  Fitch,  left  valve. 

3.  O.  mathcwianus  Zell.,  left  valve. 

4.  O.  cu(<atorii  Fern.,  left  valve. 

5.  O.  giittatus  Wlsm.,  left  valve. 

6.  O.  alaski'Hsis  B.  &  L.,  paratype,  left  valve. 

7.  O.  rilcyi  Fern.,  left  valve. 

8.  O.  castor  B.  &  L.,  holotype,  left  valve. 

9.  O.  inquinatus  Zell.,  left  valve. 

10.  O.  pan  B.  &  L.,  left  valve. 

11.  O.  I'l-os  B.  &  L.,  paratype,  left  valve. 

12.  O.  palcacus  Zell.,  left  valve. 


I'l.ATF.    I.I 


A.   W.   LiiKlsey,  del. 


474 


PLATE  LII 

Male  genitalia 

1.  Oidaematophorus  pollux  B.  &  L.,  paratype,  left  valve. 

2.  O.  iiihar  B.  &  L.,  holotype. 

3.  O.  tinctus  VVlsm.,  left  valve. 

4.  O.  mcditis  B.  &  L.,  holotype,  left  valve. 

5.  O.  cadnms  B.  &  L.,  paratype,  left  valve. 

6.  O.  inconditus  Wlsm.,  left  valve. 

7.  O.  integratus  Meyr.,  left  valve. 

8.  0.  ouster  B.  &  L.,  holotype,  left  valve. 

9.  O.  Uhus  B.  &  L.,  paratype,  left  valve. 

10.  O.  pcrditus  B.  &  L.,  holotype,  left  valve. 

11.  O.  I'arius  B.  &  L.,  holotype,  left  valve. 

12.  O.  heliantlii  Wlsm.,  left  valve. 

13.  O.  serenus  Meyr.,  left  valve. 

14.  O.  brucei  Fern.,  left  valve. 

15.  O.  phoebus  B.  &  L.,  holotype,  left  valve. 

16.  Agdistis  americana  B.  &  L.,  left  valve. 


I'l.ATK    1.1  I 


A.  W.  Lindsey.  d.-l. 


476 


PLATE  LIII 

Male  genitalia 

1.  OidiU'iiidlojtlionis  tires  B.  &  L.,  left  valve  of  allotype. 

2  ().  cataliiidc  Grin.,  from  fpceiincn  compared  with  type. 

3.  0.  caudelti  Dyar. 

4.  O.  cot:his(  li.  &  f..,  hcl'  i;,    . 

5.  O.  humodactyhis  Wlk.,  left  valve, 
(i.  O.  sli-amineus  Wlsm.,  left  valve. 
7.  O.  fisliii  Fern.,  left  valve. 

S.  0.  suhochraceus  Wlsm.,  left  vaUe. 

9.  O.  sulpliureodactylus  Pack.,  left  valve. 

10.  O.  costalus  B.  &  L.,  left  valve  of  holotype. 

11.  O.  coslatus  B.  &  L.,  right  valve  of  holotype. 

12.  O.  grundis  Fish.,  left  valve. 
1.3.  O.  aiislratis  Grin. 


^ 


I'latk   I.I  II 


A.    \V.   Lindsey,  d.-l. 


PLATE  LIV 

Male  genitalia 

!.  Oidacmatophorus  meyricki  B.  &  L. 

2.  0.  lacteodactylus  Cham.,  left  valve. 

3.  O.  arion  B   &  L..  Iiolotype,  left  valve. 

4.  O.  griscsci'iis  Wlsm.,  left  valve. 

5.  O.  balanotes  Meyr.,  left  valve. 

0.     O.  venapuHctiis  B.  &  L.,  paratj-pe,  left  valve. 

7.  O.  falsus  B.  &  L.,  holotype,  left  valve. 

8.  O.  corvus  B.  &  L.,  paratype,  left  valve. 

9.  O.  lutcoliis  B.  &  L.,  paratype,  left  valve, 
a.     harpe  of  New  Mexican  specimen. 

10.  Alucita  montana  Ckll. 

11.  Oidacmatophorus  longifrons  Wlsm. 
a.     harpe  of  genitalic  form. 

12.  O.  iohatcs  B.  &  L.,  paratype.  left  valve. 
Li.     O.  monodartylns  Linn. 


Tl.ATK     Ll\' 


A.  W.  Lindsey.  del. 


INDEX 


Families,  genera,  species,  synonyms  of  genera  and  species,  species  cited  in 
error  and  emendations  which  involve  a  considerable  change  of  spelling  are  in- 
cluded in  this  index.  Typographical  or  clerical  errors  and  emendations  in- 
volving only  gender  are  omitted. 

Those  specific  names  which  arc  treated  as  valid  in  tliis  revision  arc  listed 
under  the  genera  to  which  they  are  referred,  as  well  as  in  the  general  alphabetic 
index. 


Page 

acanthodactyla  Hbn 321 

Aciptilia  Hhn 359 

walsinghanii    Fern 360 

acrias  Meyr 390 

Adaina  Tutt 363 

ambrosiae  Murt 371 

bipunctata   Moesch 365 

buscki  n.  sp 370 

cinerascens    WIsm 369 

declivis  Meyr 368 

montana  Wlsni 366 

zephyria  n.  sp 366 

Adkinia  Tutt 350 

adustus  Wlsm 343 

Agdistis   Hbn 446 

americana  n.  sp 446 

iagraphodactylus   Wlsm 441 

alaskensis  n.  sp 389 

alhertae  n.   sp 346 

albicans   Fish    341 

albiciliata  Wlsm 336 

albida  Wlsm iii 

albidorsella  Wlsm 334 

Alucita  Linn 448 

montana   Ckll 449 

\Ahicila   Meyr 374 

Alucitidae 44.S 

Amblyflilia  Hbn 309 

ambrosiae  Murt 371 

americana  n.  sp 147 

aiigtistus  Wlsm 421 

aqtiila    Meyr 429 

ares  n.  sp 414 

arion  n.  sp 442 

auriga  n.  sp 3,^0 

auster  n.  sp W 


Page 

australis  Grin 435 

baccliaridcs    Grin 431 

balanotes   Meyr 429 

barbcri  Dyar 443 

baroni   Fish    393 

behrii  Grin 390 

belfragei  Fish   362 

hernardinus   Grin 305 

bcrtraini  Roessler  343 

bipunctata    Moesch 365 

bischoffi  Zell 343 

brucei  Fern 401 

Bucklcria  Tutt 288 

buscki  n.  sp 370 

cadn-.us  n.  sp 411 

calif or>Hca  Grin 381 

calif ornicus  Wlsm 291 

culiiiiulliac   Frey    .''21 

tcaloddclyius    Fab 321 

fcjiialis   Wlk 354 

tcm-dui   Zell 324 

carduidactyla   Riley    324 

Carolina  Kearf 327 

castor  n.  sp 394 

catalinae  Grin 441 

candelli  Dyar  440 

cm  fries  Meyr 290 

cervinicolor  B.  &  McD 347 

ccr^nnidactylus  Pack 343 

chioaastcs  Meyr 401 

chlorias    Meyr 427 

cineraceus  Fish   391 

f cinerascens  Dyar 368 

cinerascens  Wlsm 369 

cincridactyhis  Fitch   443 

citrites  Mevr 400 


Page 

WCmiL-niidol^lionis   VVlgr 3i)') 

cochise  n.  sp 413 

coloradensis  Fern 358 

icoloradensis   Grin 333,335 

compsochares  Meyr 290 

congrualis  Wlk 290 

cooleyi  Fern 338 

corvus  n.  sp 437 

cosmodactyla  Hbn 317 

costatus  n.  sp 436 

Crasimctis  Meyr 362 

crenulata  B.  &  McD 316 

icrctidactyla  Fern 381 

cretidactyhis  Fitch   382 

■\cretidactylus  Zell 388 

Crocydoscclus  Wlsm 31U 

cygnus  n.  sp 304 

declivis  Meyr 368 

defectalis  Wlk 290 

■fdelavaricus  Forbes  302 

delawaricus  Zell 307 

edwardsii  Fish  328 

elliottii  Fern 419 

Emmelina  Tutt 374 

Erncstia  Tutt 446 

eros  n.  sp 404 

Euchiradia   Hbn 449 

Eucnncmidof'horus  Wlgr 309 

eupatorii   Fern 385 

exclamationis  Wlsm 357 

Exelastis  Meyr 346 

cervinicolor  B.   &  McD 347 

falsus  n.  sp 436 

fieldi  Wright  399 

finitimus  Grin 307 

fuchcri  Zell 323 

fishii  Fern 410 

f ragilis   Wlsm 333 

Fredericina  Tutt 310 

fuscodactyla  Haw 352 

fuscus  Retz 352 

Gilberlw  Wlsm 310 

Gillmcna  Tutt 310 

■\gilvidorsis  Hed 348 

gorgonicnsis  Grin. 

(Ptcrophorus)    384 

gorgoniensis  Grm.  (Stcnoptili.i) .  339 


grandis   Fish    (Lioptilus)    430 

grandis  Wlsm.   (Platyptilus)    ...  335 

gratiosus  Fish   397 

griscodactylus  Pag 348 

grisescens  Wlsm 390 

guttatus  Wlsm 388 

Gypsocharcs  Meyr 361 

gypsodactyltis  Wlsm 382 

haivaiii'iisis  Butl 290 

helianthi  Wlsm 415 

Hcllinsia  Tutt 374 

Herbertia  Tutt 44o 

hesperis  Grin 325 

Viexadactyla  Wlsm 449 

liilda  Grin 384 

jhomodaclylus  Hy.  Edw 419 

homodactyhis  Wlk 416 

inconditus  Wlsm 439 

^itiqiiinatus  Fern 371 

inquinatus  Zell 402 

integratus  Meyr 407 

iobates  n.  sp 412 

kellicottii  Fish   427 

lacteodactylus  Cham 426 

Leioptihis  Wlgr 374 

linus  n.  sp 409 

Uophancs  Meyr 348 

Vohidactyhis   Fcni 291 

lobidactyius   Fitch    294 

lonvii  Zell  354 

longifrons  Wlsm 445 

lugubris   Fish 391 

luteolus  n.  sp 426 

maea  n.  sp 337 

Marasmarcha  Meyr 348 

pumilio  Zell 348 

luargbfidactylus  Fitch   342 

marmarodactyla  Dyar 314 

mathewianus  Zell 383 

medius  n.  sp 408 

mengcli   Feni 357 

.Ucrrificldia  Tutt 360 

meyricki  n.  sp 397 

■\microdactylns  Hed 365 

Mimacseoptilus  Wlgr 350 

mizar  n.  sp 396 

modesta  Wlsm 340 

monodactvlus  Linn 443 


Page 

montana  Ckll.   (Alucita)    449 

montana  Wlsm.  (Adaina)    3o(j 

muiiticola  Grin 317 

naevosidactylus   Fitch 443 

ncbulacdactyhis  Fitch   343 

nigrociliiiius  Zell 302 

ningoris  Wlsm 305 

nivea  Bankes   317 

occidentalis  Wlsm 381 

\ochrodactyta  Fern 343 

oclirodactylns  Fish  290 

Oidaeniatophorus  Wlgr 374 

alaskensis  n.  sp 389 

arcs  n.  sp 414 

arion  n.  sp 442 

auster  n.  sp 407 

australis  Grin 435 

balanotes   Meyr 429 

baroni  Fish  393 

brvicci  Fern 401 

cadmus  n.  sp 411 

castor  n.  sp 394 

catalinae  Grin   441 

caudelli  Dyar  440 

cineraceus  Fish   391 

citrites  Meyr 400 

cochise  n.  sp 413 

corvns  n.  sp 437 

costatus  n.  sp 436 

cretidactylus   Fitch 382 

elliottii  Fern  419 

eros  n.  sp 404 

eiipatorii  Fern   385 

falsus,  n.  sp 436 

fieldi  Wright   399 

fishii   Fern 410 

grandis  Fish  430 

gratiosus  Fish   397 

grisescens  Wlsm 390 

guttatus  Wlsm 388 

helianthi  Wlsm 415 

homodactylus  Wlk 416 

inconditus  Wlsm 439 

inquinatus  Zell 402 

integratus  Meyr 407 

iobates   n.    sp 412 

kcllicottii  Fish   427 

lacteodactylus  Cham 426 


Page 

linns  n.  sp 409 

longi Irons  Wlsm 445 

hitcolus  n.  sp 426 

mathewianus  Zell 383 

mcdius  n.   sp 408 

meyricki  n.  sp 397 

mizar  n.  sp 396 

monodactylus  Linn 443 

occidentalis  Wlsm 381 

paleaceus  Zell 422 

pan  n.  sp 405 

perditus  n.  sp 438 

phoebus  n.  sp 406 

pollux  n.  sp 395 

rileyi  Fern 392 

serenus  Meyr 434 

stramineus  Wlsm 421 

subochraceus  Wlsm 432 

sulphurcodactylus    Pack 433 

tinctus   Wlsm 414 

triton  n.  sp 406 

nnicolor  B.  &  McD 440 

variiis  n.  sp 4  i/ 

venapunctiis  B.  &  L 424 

Orncodcs  Latr 447 

Onicodtdae     448 

orthocarpi  Wlsm 331 

Ovendenia  Tutt 374 

oxydactylus  Wlk 290 

Oxyptilus  Zel! 297 

paleacens  Zel! 422 

pallidactyla  Haw 342 

pallistriga  B.  &  McD 356 

paludicola  Wlgr 352 

pan  n.  sp 405 

parva  Wlsm 351 

par%'nlus  n.  sp 289 

l^asadcncnsis    Grin 315 

percnodactyla  Wlsm 326 

perditus  n.  sp 438 

fcrgnuiUdactylns  Pack 443 

periscelidactylus  Fitch 299 

I'crfhwus  Grossb 3/1 

petrodactyla  Wlk 341 

phoebus  n.  sp 406 

pica  Wlsm 320 

plctipcnnis  Grin 444 

Platyptilia  Hbn 308 


Page 

acantliodactyb  Hbn 321 

alliertae  n.  sp 340 

albicans  Fish   341 

albiciliata   Wism 336 

albida  Wlsm 333 

albidorsella  Wlsm 334 

auriga  n.  sp 330 

carduidactyla  Riley   324 

Carolina  Kearf 327 

cooleyi  Fern 338 

crenulata  B.  &  Mc.  D 316 

edwardsii   Fish    328 

fragilis  Wlsm 333 

grandis  Wlsm 335 

maea  n.  sp 337 

marmarodactyla  Dyar   314 

modesta  Wlsm 340 

orthocarpi  Wlsm 331 

pallidactyla  Haw 342 

percnodactyla    Wlsm 326 

petrodactyla   Wlk 341 

pica  Wlsm 320 

punctidactyla  Haw 317 

rhododactyla  D.  &  S 313 

shastae  W  Ism 334 

tesscradactyla  Linn 323 

williamsii  Grin 330 

xylopsamma   Meyr 339 

pollux  n.  sp 395 

Porritia  Tutt 360 

Fselnophorus  Wlgr 361 

belfragei  Fish    362 

iptcrodactylaUhn.   (Alucita;    ...  443 

pterodactyla  Linn    (Stenoptilia) .  352 

Pterophoridae  285 

Pterophorus  Geoff 297 

cygnus  n.  sp 304 

ningoris  Wlsm 305 

periscelidactylus   Fitch    299 

raptor  Meyr 304 

tenuidactylus   Fitch    301 

^Pterophorus  Wlgr 374 

ptilodactyla  Hbn 352 

pumilio  Zell 348 

punctidactyla  Haw 317 

pygniaeus  Wlsm 293 

ralumcnsis  Pag 290 

raptor   Meyr 304 


Page 

rhododactyla  D.  &  S 313 

rhyncliosiae  Dyar   351 

rileyi  Fern 392 

schwarzi  Dyar  338 

seniicostatus  Zell 354 

screnus  Meyr 434 

scricidactylus  Murt 422 

shastae  Wlsm 334 

simplicius  Grossb 365 

Sochcliora  Wlk 309 

stachydalis  Frey   317 

Stangcla  Tutt 288 

Stenoptilia  Hbn 349 

exclamationis    Wlsm 357 

mengeli   Fern 357 

pallistriga  B.  &  McD 356 

parva  Wlsm 351 

pterodactyla  Linn 352 

rhynchosiae  Dyar  351 

zophodactyla  Dup 354 

stramineus   Wlsm 421 

^subochracca  Fern 426 

jsKbochraceiis  Meyr 435 

subochraceus  Wlsm 432 

sulphurcodactylus  Pack 433 

tsidplmrcus  Wlsm 433 

itcnuidaclylus  Fern 304 

tenuidactylus  Fitch 301 

tosseradactvla    Linn 323 

frtnilicclla'Hoi 321 

tinctus  Wlsm 414 

Trichoptilus  Wlsm 288 

californicus    Wlsm 291 

dcfectalis    Wlk 290 

lobidactylus  Fitch   294 

parvulus  n.  sp 289 

pygmaeus   Wlsm 293 

triton  n.   sp 406 

miicolor   B.   &   McD 440 

varius   n.   sp 437 

venapunctus  B.  &  L 424 

walsinghami  Fern 360 

IVhcclcria   Tutt 360 

williamsii  Grin 330 

wrightii   Grin 292 

xylopsamma  Meyr 339 

zephyria  n.  sp 366 

zophodactyla  Dup 354