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CONTRIBUTION TO THE GENEALOGY
of the
STEVENS FAMILY. ’ *

{ Written July and August 1535. )
At tne request of one of the descendents of the Stevens .
family, 1 undertake to write so much of their history as my i
personal knowleuge and authentic information will admit of.
1 commence with the fact that ovr ancesturs emisrated

Prom Fngland some time during the Seventeenth Century and

settled in ker England. Our grandparents still resided

there and were living in Yerment in 1313, in whieh year they
made the journey in a vagen from New Fane in that State, to
Lima, Ontario County, New York, tv vasite their, child:‘en,! whe,
a bout the begimim of the present Century had left n
WA Ui their wives and settled at the latter place.

This is the extent cf my Knowledge of our ancestors on
the Stevens’ side. Our Mother's name was Wood, hose aneces-
tors were also of English origin, and on her mother's side
was: lineal ccsvendant of Roger Sheman, one Of the signers
of the Declaration of Independence, and for her the writer ay
of this was named. 1 think his is the only historicel nam
we are even renotely vonnecied with. The Stevenses innediate-
dy likely to be interes ten in what 1 narrate are the descend- —
ants of tLe three sons, hon. our Grandparents came from ver-
mont to visit, in 1313, amal, Francis and Jacob, who ae

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in 2008 with funding from
Microsoft Corporation

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each settled on two hundred acre farms about one mile South
of what is now the village cof Lima. Their farms adjoined
and were mace on land originally covereu with heavy timber,
but by hard and incessant work were maae to blossum like the
rose. Our Unele Samuel had been educated for a physician,
and although 1 could not 8 neon over five years old at .the
time of which 1 write, 1 distinctly remember the preparation
of lint before his arrival when sent Por, our Mother knowing
the isnges wvuld da first used without regard to the nature
of the iliness, and she was, 1 have heard, equally sure that
caélomei and jalap would be the medicines administered and yet
he wes looked vpon as 4 Pirst class physician.

The Dogtur was the oldest of the three brothers. He hadt that
I can remember,) four children, —two sons and two daughters;
James end Jacob were the sons, The daughters' names 1 do nd.
remember. Jim and Jake as they were familiarly enlled, an-
ticipated by many years what Mr.Greely told yourg men to do,
and went West. They settled in what was then the State of
Ohio, near the City of Sendusky, which city, of covrse, had
no exist@nee then. Il have never seen them since, but my
brother Noratico visited them some thirty years after this set-
+lemont there, and reported them as well-to-do farmers, but
little, dryed-up old men; in his cpinion, made prematurely
old by their ineessant fight with the dense forests of Ohio,

which must use up one generation in preparing comfortable

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dran of the family and av noknowleuge whether they left
any Gescenuante te perpetuate the nns. Une! Franégis had

r . % Goud sense, after cicaring up his farn in Line, to stay

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Frames Stavens firstmarvicd Kary eng. They nau
ee sons and three daughters, the latter osing the wadedds
oldest son, ester, died in infansy. One usughter mar-
rieu 4&4 ir. „ses, and Pesiaed at Chili, Fes tern New York.
The second, Martina (or Patty) Sherman marrien. eae ir. Bristol,
and lived al Gainsville, Vyoming e e Vork. The third,
Mary, Wiarrie. Levi Nulaen of Satavia, New York, M afterward va

roneved to Oakland County, ichen. She aed at pont lae, in

that state. ©) Nenne Stevens, the s son, livea and died

1

av Lima, Yeotern New York, on a Parm einne that f his fu=

Mor, ar his oGhiloren ind srandehildren are Living in that

Vasithity now.

yes tar, New Vurk, but afterward vremaved to Mishiran,
settled at Pontiae, Oakland County, where he praeticei his .
fession for a time, uniil elected a representutive to cher

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permanent residence, and did so until his death. Vis ela-
ren were:

Franeis Clare, born in Rochester, died in lVonduras,
A. A., About 1836,

Fmily, born in Rochester, married Oscar A. Stevens,
now residing at Georgetown, D.C.,

Vatharine Mary, born in Rochester, New York, married
Doctor John Shaw Billings, U. 8. 4. now Director of
the New York Pubiie library,

Luey Charlotte, born in Rochester, New York, married
Doe tor William Ramsay, U. 8. A., of Norristown, Penn-
sylvania,

Sam Sedgwick, born in Rochester, died in Nichifen,

Sedgwick, born in Rochester, New fork, un at Jrand
Traverse, Michigan,

Robert Charles, born at Pontiae, Oakland County,
Michigan, where he died.

Oscar A. Stevens, who married Emily (referred to anove,)
«as for many years the General er of tie “asuineton and
Alexandria Railroad. |

All of the davugiiters of . I. Stevens have eiildren; two of
tiem have five each, while the otner has but one.

And now 1 come to the youngest of tle three brothers,
Jacob, who was the father of ten of us who grew to be sdelte,
while three others died youns. I sropoese to rive a sketeh of
each of the ten, commencing with the eldest, Sister Jemima.

I will, however, first revert to the fact that ovr “ather,hav-
ing a desire to give to each child at ivast a hunired %s of
land on their becoming of age, found it neeessiry te sel) his

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farm in Lina, already sub-divided, and strike out once more
inte the primitive forest. He did se and purchased a tract
of land six miles sovth of Rochester, in the town of Henrietta,
where he again commenced the Hereviean task of clearing @heav-
_ily-timbereda farm. The three eldest sons were by this time
Gapabie of doing farm work, and so long as they remained at
home, were helpful, anu in 4 year or two had two hundred acres
ready for a crop. The chopping down and burning up of the wl
mense trees on this land was but a part of the work attending
the clearing of land. The ashes had to be gathered, put
through great tubs, water poured on it, and its strength ex-
tracted and boiled into potash. The sale of the potash was
an important factor in paying for the hires heljy in clearing.
But the work was hard, and as the first crop of wlecat harvest-
ed brought, after hauling it to Rochester, bu® three and ene-
fourth cents per bushel, was not very remunerative. Some of
the boys beray to be restive, anu thought of leaving the paren-
tal roof.

Horatio was the first to leave home. He secured a posi-
tion with C.K.Gussy & Company, who kept e@ general merchandise
store in Lima, and mace himself so useful that after three of
four years, one of the partners, Frederick Bushnell, fermished
the necessury capital to start hin in a business at Te Roy,
which he conducted successfully for several years, and while
living there, married Harriet, the aauehter of Janes Ganson.

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He left le Rey to join Augustus in Canada, who had by
this time alse left the fam, and whose sareer ] propose nar-
rating in its proper place. Ne was then @#xecuting an exten-
sive contract on the Rideav Canal in Canada. Noratio quit
business in Je Roy and moved his family te Poolanalee, a point
on the Rideau River about seventy-Pive miles apove Ottawa,

which was then known as "8y-tuwn." Ne remained in Poolamalee
until their contracts upon the Canel were q@mrpleted, and re-
turned to the States, with a capital of about Firhty Thousand
Dollars, and s@ttied in Buffalo. This oc¢urred in 1832.
auPfalo was at that time just starting its active eormercial
career. Benjamin Rathburn wars employing two or three thousand
men in his figentic building enterprise, the city was Pull of
people on their way Test to buy land and to settle. ‘there was

but one Bank whose circulation would pass clirrent fifty miles

awny from its place of issue and the buying and selling of un-
current money was a prosperous calling. He, in ens ting about
for a safe business in which to employ his capital, goneluded
to embark in it.

Before opening an office, he wrote his yoonfest “brosher,
Sherman, the writer of this, then living in deine in bichigm,
éaying if he „ould leave the indian trade ant join him in kuf-
falo, he would give him an interest in the business. the rman

} coneluded to wo su, and they opened an of ice on Poin “treet,

next door to the “ansion Mouse, ana for two years’did a large

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and profitable business. In 1334 the junior partner chose to
get married against the wish and advice of Horatio, and was

told that if he did so, the partnership must cease. The an-
ewer of the junior was, "Let it cease,” and it did cease.

In the meantime, Horatio found 1t ineonvenient to cunauct
the business alone anu withdrew from it, and commenced the
building of a steamer called the "Milwaukee." He got his
steamer nearly completed when his muney ran out, and he made
& contract with a steaner captain of means, to furnish the
funds to complete and furnish the boat; he, the captain, tw
command and sail her, until tie profit paid him back the ad-
vance interest anu salary. At the end of the season's navi-
gation, nutwitistanuing she had been back with passengers ev-
ery trip, the inuebtedness hau been increased instead of dimin-
ished. He became satisfied that his captain was robbing him,
anu by sume process ol law got the boat put into the hanus of
A réeveiver,- set the receiver to appoint aim as purser, and
with two ov tiwee trips, the profits paid all the indebtedness,
and she was free. the steamer continued in the Chicage and
Valwavukee traue fur some years. In the meantime Horatio moved
to Milwaukee, built the first pier ever erected there, and he
and his sons, inow old enough, conducted a large produce com-
MISSlon ousiness. ratio, finaing the asthma troublesome in
Milwaukee, concluded to leave his second son George there, and
he, with his other boys, went to Brovklyn tu reside, ana died

75

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there, leaving three sons and three daughters. John,the eld-
est, for some time carried on the milling business in West -
chester County, but finding it did not pay much, and having a
large family of boys, concluded to try farming in Old Virrinia.
He purchased a large tract of land, and when he came to sell
his crops at the end of the year, he was some hundreds behind,
and was compellea to leave his family and return to New York,
and act as book~keeper in an insurance office, to square his
accounts. Since then his buys have gone into business— one
in Boston and two in Plorida— and are on the road to success.
George continued to do business in Milwaukee up to the time of
his death. 1% had a farm a few miles out, at one time stockai
with celebrated trotting stock, but more recently given up to
A dairy business, and supervised by his widow.

1 intended to have narrated the careers of the members
i@aving tne home of our parents as they occurred, and 1 am not
sure but the eldest sister was married be fore Horatio left home.
She married Samuel #. Perkins, a small farmer in the town of
henrietta,-where they lived for some years. About 1326, they
Sot the Western fever, sold out, and went to Michigan. He
prospected the country at a tame when he could have had his
choice of the most desirable lands in three counties but pur-
chaseu a farm about twelve miles out of Letroit, on the Pon-
tiac Road, which was really the must miserable, sandy spot he
could have found hau ne been in search of poor land.

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Swisdaem sie To erdetao of” Betetied overt of polnatua I
2G om T bum, SOvIwONe Yes en eee Ivo to ome aw guiveul
Wee Mel OLSEN owed LeitIag Gow VEPete suRbie oF e OIE
Tue hos OP ak west idoms 2 .ectdtve? Hf Levent yertiam ent
coll ORL BUA eee seme 16? Bevil cons eteliw-, a2 ene
ov ea hiod’! Of @n@w ane ,f0u blor’ tHeel mivteeW Git Foy
wih bad eval bived en ect ois @ fe Nn oie berveqery
AMG S50 S6ls HOD sewls ck abn! adi tesb seat wis To oolaia
Sow i ne, Léon eG Yo to eelim eviews suods ima? & beeRriv’
ele toes OL recta soa ats Ulam adv dette , sac bare”
5 bral ee e eee ee teed ex e eee eval eee

Ne put in and harvested one crop, and it yielded but lit-
tle more than the seed sown,which so disgusted him with 20h
gan that he sold his land for about enough to take him and fan-
dy back to New York State. He settled again in Orleans o.,
where they raised three suns and one daughter. The eldest
son was for a time a merchant in Albion. - afterwara vent to
Milwaukee, where ie uied. The daughter, married, and tie last
1 knew of ner she was living near Lock Port, New, York.

Anotner sun went to Jansas, and all 1 know of him is that he
marriea, and raisea a son, who is a lawyer, now practicing in
Galifornia.

The next one % Jeane nome was Augustus C. tie. had made
up his mina toseek fur furtune in the West, but before he could
do $0 he was obligeu to seek for ways and means to pay expen-
Ses. Our Fether had deen educated before leaving NewRngland
anu eonsegvently tie-slLildren were all telerably el vp in.
what schovul exeminers led the "three rypl@;*. reading, write
ing, und aritiuetic, These. accomplishments ,. together with
the physleal strength to whip the big boys, fitted .a man to
teach the vistrict Sehvol, in these days...,Augyustus offered
himself, and #as avegpted.

Many of the pupils were abot the saae age as the teacher,
hau workad with him on the farm anu slept in the same hay mow,
ani were gonjratulating henseives. on having. a high old time
with) the new master. Before opening echool, Augustus had

fhe

a N r
rere
N mink e eee vos eee fee Dese eas mar: mom pls
See? Ofte micl etme of simvote soca a0) gol al dlowo! lay mee

„e ee % od oieye pelizen ee eee AawY yes OF MAG 44
2 % eit e eee eno one eee e eee enen yous eee
Of Jee. Piarietts eee od er enen „ el ie enn mew
it ee bre ene wettaued alt rern
e wer . ered Geel een ei ace ene to e
owl vadt een un So wom 1 ila ne anand) o1 er Mee INWIOENA
NM yodoisaas@ worn , eyed @ 6. ele .noe 2 eel et be, OA A
* ithe re ste ee te
(Sean pet ef 8 8=6«.D suteuaA eon Om. coveal of Go Tan “iy

Bite at Piaied tua p08 of3 nh.otusiowl ww) 4eeee2 enn aa ae
ie YAQG)O! neee Le 66s Ww Agee of engiidu gar oo oe Oe
TU guivael o1elsd Letsouve “a0 4.) FAG) Mh! *
e qu «Lev lee Lio orgs neds ee eee
eee eee eee eee wh subion eee Selo, tanw
e eee eee eee eee eee de e
A Of aan e nN, ee B40 BAF Gilw OF eee eee
) bevetT oy eee ee - wed Havds, 4d, , cowed ftir ein git wart
rr

eee M1 a6 eee etd eee eee eee ee eee
e Cad eee e ee eee eee ies? eee BO MLA AR eee.
en eee © eee e eee an eee dee ping ive
nas be , eee eee ene eee en ee eee

‘Bu *

prepared and engraved a set of rules timt he proposed the
scholars should be toverned by, and pasted them up fur all to
See anu obey. He rapped upon his desk to call the schoo] to
oruer, ana called their attention to those rules. He then
conmenced the reaaing of an elaborate address he had prepared,
Wien one of the big boys, who had worked with him in the hay
field, aml slept with him in the hay mow, sung out: “Hang on
to the perms, Guss.“ This interruption of his speech, the sae!
petrator expected, would confuse and embarrass him, as it re-
ferred to an episode that ovcurred while they were sleeping in
the bern. There was no ladder to enable them to get up on to
the mow, but they went up by the aid of pins, driven into the
bir posts, which were about three feet apart, One dark night,
Augustus had o¢easion to come down those pins, and for some
mysterious reason, after getting part way down, could not find
the next pin for a foot-hold, and was compelled to halloo. for
help. gut the interruption did not stagger him so badly but
what he went through with it. He then called the offender up
and rave him a severe castigating,- which was a new way of open-
ine a school. He remembered it during the term. 1t was so
prompt and effective: that order reigned throughout the Winter,
and parents and pupils were well satisfied with the teacher.
When the school closed, he found himself in sufficient funds
to enable him to start upon the road he hoped would lead on to
fortune.

io.

CAP Beeonwig e Fate avi % > 208 o DEVE!) BAP beri mae
Cr CER AT qo no Vv eee bee oy bertevel ed bivote Wal tse
1 aoded ans re e Meek «if ogy badge WE ee LAD ose
rere at -o0h ovens of Moisneese Ntete Beltline oe . ound
pete wig bet of derrbbr es atodale nae to yripats WO Gronéaae
Van OF AE wit Atte bett bert atv oe uid Bal wir to mle reilly
WO «(spelt “sue yeue wom vad erie oo la My feels ee ene
488 wie ene vit Vd Aor eee aT ced ee ents OF
„1 Oe Un cen tote be om OMe STi been ce aor nag eg
ni wilusele Siew voir elidw Devuisew foe ee ge mo of bere’
Gf fo gy 2On oF Hel? ef dare of Tenbal on eow oreiT tt “ae?
OM? ofad neviab .enta to bir ait vd Ou thew very ft wom ait
ein Hiab eno \21mgb fost osir fvods e1ey doitw .eteuq ata
ses | tut brn eee sedis ewok ene of molarove Lr euleuguAl
Bnit rom biads cob yaw Prat antstey intta ,nownes sootrese ym
10% wollat @ balieqame env orm .bfod-ta0t ro nig ‘yen ot?
Tua Vives of wif Teants fon vib cottqrmernl eft fut = ated
St aebrette wid helio wert e4 „ dete agwewt? tre of eee.
ede % «ew fen 6 osw dete dt e t en steven 4 etd ove Bae
of bey 21) eee erie Hertiud 21 eee eee eM § .Loodes © yt
OSM Odd sVertQuent? beryior teirto sors webtos Tio Brn eee
Aeifoas? att dete bene Liew % aliqua bre ee one
aha? eee mi leaned Save? ot et Loutée ol! rath
Of fo heel bisow Logon ol net ett Moqu fate oF mM Gidare e
ot

—

1 gan remember the excitement his leave-taking caused Mether
ana sisters. jie hau made a kind of knapsack, in which he pack
ea jiis slim wardrvbe, some bread, cheese, and a part of a boil
ea ham. % slung it upon his back, and started to foot it to
“tie State vf Ohie, which was, at that time, considered the ex-
treme West.

In about two weeks we received his first letter, postage
twenty-five cents, nearly, the value of a busiel of wheat, and
mot one of tne family vonsidered 1t dear, as it assured us he
wes still alive and well, and of his arrival st Guinan Point,-
wiigh he Cailed the ‘jumping off place, as he was there to

take to the water.
»€

Fe there @mbarked upon à flat boat, bound down the tindndahele’
and Ohio Rivers, on which he worked for his board and passage.
We next heard from him in about a month later when he had ar-
rived at a little hamlet that has since b@come the city of a-
rietta; there finding a job at splitting nails, he cone luden
to tarry for a time. In this letter he gave à graphie accour
of an gpossum hunt which excite. our wonder, and somewhat our
fear, as we knew not their size or ferocity. But he assured
us of their cunning, and that they would play dead until an op
pertunity for escape occurred, when they would up and off, as
well as ever. He remained at this point, splitting nails in
the day time, and hunting opossum in the evenings with the boys,
until he had made the acquaintance of most of the people inthe

il.

nei ee en snidete@vend #15 eee ions, OE INCH yaw J
Ane @1 AG. ad, ACLe QAM Co athe & Bled Ae) OU „ „el sale
Jive een t eee eee eee een Me eee
e eee ud sorinse eee eee eee ee JL YES ee el ae
Abed? eseebienio wis frie ce . saw tude, e709 le @ferk e

2608 gaa
Mateo ©, teiloi fei.) e148 LOVE eee OF CABOw YRS Pome Ha
Dae 4 fami Qo. leieud » Do t¥iev oe Ghiven «,atreo evi) - (renew
Of et) eettesn fc Bt , Wek Si Lorupbattay (lire? offs To. ee Jen
ne 0180 ta ο²⁹¼ẽ⁷unln⁰α a Yo bre „ en bap etre eee ao
ene axy ef os eee Vo eee oy eee © eee

Pd * ee orf of. gaa’

. OAS at ut „ e r ee eee en ot
eee e LAE OL ee eee Of ee n e oeh Bie
Sie bart of eee eat denn a n mt aia de leat! e OF
e te % ee eee set sult Yolmad et ½ et
tene ott e er l te dot a grtéatt e 71
Books eee e oven ot eee sict ot eee ee Yuet e
Sto eb bre „ btb 4% ebe 4 % Su ö u Yo
en e en ee eee To eee ent nt end ow an , 120%
40 % Ihn deeb vai bivow ca z bas”, yakahbs 11 6 90 ab
de bra qu o Net de erer e ehe es +P ( rug
Af „1e ede ente eit sa enen t %% es Et
e e e eee 64 t iso Nel et bre „ ent Yab od
GH! ti ene of2 To een to ten tapes Ort? ten bal 1 tn

settlement, when he announced himself as a school teacher. ie
was at onge hired, and set to work. has Single term in Fan-

riet ta had given him confidence in himself, and his six feet,

two inones, and well-proportioned figure, voverawed the unruly,
to an extent before unxnewn in that school, and the parents of
the pupils looked upon him as a treasure.

He remained in Marietta until letters from home advised
him that ovr Father, finding himself getting shorthanded for
50 large a place, haa sold or exchanged his farm in Henrietta
for a suuller one at Palmyra. He then gave up his school and
Came back home, in season to aid in the transfer of the family
and effects to the new home.

After the Pamily were settled in Palmyra, he, by split-
ting rails and teaching school for a year or more, had aeccu-
mulated more actual coin than our Father had been able to save
in several years of farming, with wheat, which was the prinei-
pal crop, not averaging over three and a fourth cents per
bushel. He very naturally concluded to luok to sume other
o¢cupation for a livelihood. In the meantime, the eldest
Brother, Rufus, cane also to the convlusion that farming for
profit in Central New York was hopeless. Mishiagan Territory

had by this time dogun to be the Mecca of the uneasy and ambi-

tious, and he started out to make his fortune, but 1 will lead
him untii 1 finish the career of Augustus C.

Our home was near the village uf Palmyra, aid a law firm

12.

oo ee Lowtoe 6 Of Dleceud Losmvonns ed etn ,fromelsres
“G0" aitnrte: o.yectse aon 2909 oF 200 bow ene eome fe Sow
Feet nde Sint bow eee oi conteet tom wit Heven Den “ete
Vie ors fersiove etn ee Lonussieqone-lie® Bae .setiont ows
fe eioezeq wis bem i oerive Jared ni twornany eee neee as oF
-e1uene1s #2 ws min mnogu kedwel el tquq ai?
Henivee Gued wot! evesze. Lisnw atreireN ai vetiows of
\ Set SebRai2tote wisz7ey Lieemid araiettt .witsts0o sete mid
BAI OLINGN Mi oviat ae SoBnadexe vo Bice Led ,owala «2 omtAal of
wt Loaigh oat qa evan aon &i satqaget 2a ene t0oliow 6 wt
Wini siv Te tefenewe a of Den OF NOsHCe HL een ee ere
-eoxut wer eat? of eroeTte Bia
—tilga 4“ . 8A ,atemies mi del2208 ste cliewlt ela et
“Hons lint ,wtosm te teey © tet Loodos griipew? oman alist yuk?
ee oF Aida “ees oat mitst te walt ator Lawies oom botaian
eee e it ere fuitiv eee fl iw , gluse) bv oneey Leveves mt
eq 22780 Woot a bea en-us wvo qasgateva Jom ,qoro ay
tadio vumue of Advi of bebulenvo tilwwinn ¢tev oh =. Ledend
fpeviea wid ,onigrace wh al -sootlilevil « 19] nolreggsso
A aniaint sats moteudunos ods of vels ease ,evioh eee
Cte yew manic iN 6 ceweloged saw #10Y voll Lanned ol 2p tem
~s0n ite Yano a4: bo soved wis od of mod wmig eit yd bal
Ou@k jive 1 ted ,ondedsl ait adm of fi Betyete of dae ,evor?
D aasevugvA Yo reten otf Aetart i 4teny att
i eal # due eee Yo egatdiv, ots tase sav. et q00).
et

of save eminence, wantea a ¢lerk, or a stuaent they ccula ese
‘
for elerk, and Augustus accepted the sitvarion and remuined
there Lor about Seyear, and I have no doubt the year spent
there wea of serviee to ham in after lafe. Jean ‘remember
nis telling, years «fterwards, of how humiliated he was by be-
ing Leugnen st by the gentlemen, for z lapsus lingvae he was
guilty ef. He vas asked af 3 vertain aoor was ciosed, and he
anewered Jes. I shet it myself e wae not aware of his
mistake, until enquired of if he had killed it.

About this time, Rufos returned fron Michigan, after hav-
ing purchased a tract of land near Pontiag, in Oakland County,
and he gave such flewing accounts of the geuntry that ovr Fa-
ther was again induced to sell ott a farm already made, anu
for the thard time in his life, do battle with a primitive
forest.

Apovut tha first of August, 1832, the fandly ana effects
were loaded on to covered wagons and started for Buffalo.
There vere of us: Pather ami bother, Rufus,Augustus, Funiecc,
Vartha , Sherman, Elizabeth, and Emily.

On our arrived in Puffale, the steamer Rufus had gene up
end returned upon— in fact--the only steamer up to that time
aver Javunched upon the Lake, had been east away the week be-
fore ovr erriyal, ana we must either travel four or five hun-
Gren miles by land, or take & sailing vessel. There were no
seilins vessele of any considerable size, none larger than

15.

Oe LEVER Yrs ¢: ecw dR se tw A vele & Loe dey eee eee
as . aoe aN „ ces y oso SUT eA tee eee ood
‘Ge tony Gi 23RD. oF ov eee eee tee wed eroae
he! n r t l ke OF et e b et
erer
aon ee ee er fF wd ee ee een ete) ed se ene ont
ae er een eee + 4. eee TH ON de enten
Dre „Menn tote ee een
t A ved an Th To enen Ad 6

nene eee ene een enen e ebe eee eee
eee eee ut ee ene xem fal To teats 2. eee gti
te, ene dene oe lo een, be eee eee eee af een
ln een eee er tuoller of eee eee ee 46:19
DDr
* N pin Wa ren
ene ee clans? Mee t eee Bo let ate Ne
eee Bo) ee ee fue eee e eee of co ee eee
eee eee e eee eee eee sew e ere. eee
VA oes eee eee , eta

e tm DAA ee een ai? eee ot fLeetiw, eee e
. ee eee ee ety ee eee eee enen
a ee eh eee eee eee eee eee wit eee eee e vem,
ene me cuct Lovet? eee ow eee eee nee ec
Gower oie? fe leev notiien ¢ eas? 90. daake vd) endia bevb
Has TORMAL amet ,Onis Ad eIebinnes yA le Hiessev neee

|

those now used as coasters for short voyages; but we finally
embarked horses, vacons, and all on # little schooner called
the “lady of the Lake. She was commanded by Captain Walker,
who, in after years, suiled and built some of the finest pas-
séenger boats sailing from Buffalo.

We coasted along the South Shore, touching at all the
ports, not one of them more than an embryo village. We
reached Detrvit on the ninth day, and hired a small house that
was then quite above what was then the town, but is now near
the city's center. Here the family remained while a house

was being built on the land purchased by Rufus.

In the meantime, Augustus, whose career Im trying to
follow, joined a party and rode through the forest to Saginaw,
on horseback. On his return, he told us of the numerous In-
dians, the beautiful lakes and rivers he had seen,—but he evi-
dently did not see half as much that was wonderful as Détouville
saw in his visit there ten years later. Augustus saw nothing
in Michigan at that time to induce him to remain, and soon re-
turnea to the Bast. Me did not return to the law, but went
into a meroantile house, 1 think in Rechester, but am not sure;
at all events, sen after he was merchandising in that gity on
his own aecount. He lasted as a merchant but a year or 6o,
and had to quit, some three thousand dllare in dept. Has
next venture was the taking of a contract on a canal near 08
wegzo. He wae also unsugcessful in that enterprise and was

14.

Cilent) oe fed .eenatey fiaia sol etelacu 66 Deege won peuty
beliae temiaice ei frill » no lin Bna , eeopeW , Reto! hedv eden
e atatye) «¢ vebmemnoe exw of® 8 *.ecket oie Yo ebel* ois
e804 feOntt ei! to ormme filvo cons delivs eee Tete at , ow
-elatrcrh awotl otsl ine seed «ye

om? tf @a aciticuss eroth Avvo? e(s sola Setencs oF
ee eli ovrowe no ment „en wen? Yo ottu' ton een
any ouwert Lfarn » beuisi ina , Yad Sain wit wo eee wertowa
Her wort ei %% .rwot Gis neris — ae ail amt
Seoul A elitiw Deniade: yLimeal eis e „Ane d Nette ais
ee we eee orsi ebe no eee een ee

of sniyi? mm 1 testa: eee eee en een eit ol
JWantnc? oF PFecist? off dpvewis eer brs vitay # bono, , wolidt
“ni seve iéata ef? Yo ew blot ef (wert cid no. Abedseded fo

-ive of t0a— gees Dod ef eiowin dry epdal Lutttueed wid , omekb

＋＋ꝙ 31 =

SUMED an eee war Sait ee se Thad ape Gon Hid eee
Brisdton vor eutuiwA = .tetal ateey wer ores Tiviv will nt wae
-*2 Woo inep thames of mid ouvbar of amie tate 2 weyidel’ al
n fed ,wel wie of ws: son bth Ot eee ed? of Gee
een Pom ae fud eee eee ms aids 1 . @evod SLilnaetem 4 Olnd
n Yin few ul Kt n ten eew af ee te N .efanve Lis ia
a te wey 2 fy0 Jnetonem » ot beteri Ch 8 6. snuERee avo aii
ost tdeb wi ersiios oniecot? ewwis e , Plug oF pei oan
a0 50" Leas 4 GO eee BW Widas aff aaw e1usnev sro
sve) = obs @eliqgtesne tad? nd Li esovedena osie eer\ell § oner
ad

more or less in debt, but his creditors in each case were con-
ident of his integrity, and were willing to back him in any
undertaking where industry, fair judgment, and a faculty to
centro] men, would win.

About this time, the British Goverrment were advertising
contracts for the Rideau Ganal, starting from the Ottawa River
and ending at Kingston on lake Ontario, Augustus went to By-
town, made the aequaintance of Colby and other officers of the
army, under whose supervision the work was to be done, and by
his coumanding address and gentlemanly bearing, made himself
so popular with them that they awarded him a contract for a
very large work, and were unquestionably not over-particular
as to the responsibility of his bondsmen. Ne was, at all
events, notwithstanding his two failures, able to give such
bonds as were satisfactory, and at once commenced the work,

At the close of the season, when tle weather became too in -
clement for work, the engineer's estimate of the work done en-
abled him to draw several thousand dollars over and above all
expenses for labor and material. The work on the canal was
411 paid for in American half-dollars. He purchased a pair
of Canadian trotting ponies, harnessed them to a French carry-
all sleigh, put into it several kegs of half-dollars, crossed
the St.Lawrence into Ogdensburg, and drove from there to Os-
wego; then drove from place to place where any of his liabali-
ties were held, and as fast as one keg was exhausted he woulda

15.

103 G1@P aseo dom wih B163 (OMe aid JUG ,840h 4) G0l Te whe
tem I i coed ee eter coe , “sir yetnd ait Ge snebael
w —tivert 2 ba. .t@pempen( ual , vei een gridadyetau
: a Hiv bldwe tem Lut titoe

wrfeitvevas eis Jiwarweees delearé eds ,eathd eee deedA
Sevik oeas70 wit movd gnizixte ene vnebia-eis wl atten ave
“48 of InPh aT aQuA -@s1 0000 odel ne NoleprtiA ene bow
at? Yo % lo %% ore qicd lo eanatniaupse aly ehnm , wes
Td dee eee ed of env dor ed? metesvneque ewww aeory , yas
Times eee eee eee eee ene dae COOTabe eee wisi
2 “wt.Jcatines « ia ere yeu? tent eee sis ele os
Talos tsqg- TO fon Ucauetsegugne Siew Sua ,tiee opal view
Ie 26 jee 9% .hemmbreds @ic6 Jo Ul shin Leneqees ot of of
Aous ovdp Of sic» .wPtrital ows ein Buibnasenisivion ,esneve
„e otf begiremtey Gone Ja kom , Cele Maitee C19" ef ee
t cos Gees telsaew ort cede ,moeess el? Te eeoie wis 2A
ae Orwk Hew OF Te elemiveo a*teeaione els . Aww 10% tnemelo
ie aveoda Sue weve atailub baeevors Leteves wasy of wi beige
ear Lepas- at ne Sew olf .desaetan bre soa wl eeunmgze
e ee eee BH. | .atellog—Tind geeetemA ni wit bing Lie
“eres ee en 2 of ani’ peecental ,seingy aAdise on, eee Bo
beget ,evaliod- I Lat to aged Larevee 14 8nd 2uq gilplole iis
HOO ot CFR) CN @rom) ee ,Bwdenska® otal gamewusl.¢® ale
t4iGnil «c te yom ee noalq of coalq cent sverk aes eee
Bites ee eee cow BOA oom 08 leat an Dan ,bhed ovew e

4

knock in the head of another, until all were paid,-principal
and interest. He then drove to Rochester and did the same
thing there, and I can remember hearing him say that the two
days spent in paying his debts, were among the happiest of his
life. But he did not stop at paying his lebts, but vefore
returning, jovrneyed three hundred miles through Canaaa to pay
a debt of filial auty, and to see if his parents and sisters
required any portion of his helf-dollars for their comfort.
His visit to our isolated home in mid-winter, clothed fram
head to foot in the finest of otter fur, was an @poch in our
lives, and was long the theme of conversatiun. lie returned
to Canada, and for two or three years worked from three to
four hundred men. In ‘the meantime, he had taken another con-
tract at Polamalee, whieh was managed by Voratio, out of which
as 1 have «lready said he accumulated something over Fighty
thousand dollars. l em unable to state the length of time he
was @neaged in this work, but 1 know the fact that he finished
I the work by the Pall of 1801, as 1 happened to be there on a
visit about the time he commenced to close up the business.
While 1 was there, he was for a time absent, and when he ro-
turned, he brovght with him a wife,- having married Miss Fliz-
abeth Breese, a daughter cf Sidney 8. Breese, Fsyuire, of
Seconondoe, Oneida County, New York, 1 thoveht her the’ most
beautiful woman 1 had ever seen, and 1 visited her but a few
days ago, at the homestead where Augustus was fortunate enough

16.

ane 6 ik ove Tle Land , wewonm %o bow Ge ab’ abond
eee Ole oi oe eee oF evors rors OF eee bab
wet wi 2) yo uA gniueed eee so FJ bee’ , ot On? gride
eid Yo leeliqget wl! syrent er) ,ssdeb et vib yee al nene een
vied to 444% wi wiveg @2 Qore Pom Pid at 008 ella
mer Aqeow selie Seabee Ge118 ert „ene
S1G0618 bee eee oi 11 @e8 of brew | ere Tabi To deb &
nee 1h) To Mellol-tloed é¢id To got nen Una een
motl SeVult „ eee oi emod besniout Two od flere ert
60 fl Aooge WH eew (1 eee To ferent? od? at t00% oF Dra
DSeriiiet ef eee tene Yo emai: of? grof ese Bnd | sevil
oF oP Ul GUT? ene et20¢ Seu? 10 Ort aed ne . AbaRAD oF
“nue telson: wedes earl od ,omisnsen aff al | stem cOThROd «wot
Met We 200 ,olsatal yo hegeram saw Ao ltiy ,selemiot ee sont .
Wap! tevo wiittemme besnivmees of Dine yoaeile eest’ tf we
on-enss Yo Gegneolt os ef646 6: sfanan oF i -etaliad Swed
POAsint? of Plt Post 429 wond [ 200 , How l te nk begagne ae
a hu! wrer® 1 ey versqget 1 se Loe to htet eda ve tow ede (iT
sbacrieod #12 qu Gublo wW preteen of onlt oi? tucda en
1 of Mein ae eee ontt o 1 aow ot eee shw [ eLsA¥
“xii sett Sorvias prtival -, iw a Mid doie sdguow ef | ber
*. wel, oy eee .2 denen e “«nstinush a cabetl Aveda
280% (9 Tet Hingis 2 er wen | (faced eee Jaobronosh
we) 2 bits worl bertecv’! bre .meee teve bet 1 newow Loti sone
Hye etanutiw ecw eusaoyuk thet baoteemdl etd cy jogs oxad
4

f
/
to find her, and 1 have only to aud of her age and 1 gan say

the same thing yet.

After closing up his contracts, he returned to the States
purchased a fan at Ratavia, in those d s known as the Otto
place. While living there, his first son, Sidney 4. was
born. Ke remained in Batavia but two or three years;- sold
his farm to John Clifford, whe, for some years, had been his
mister-mason, and lock-builder on the canal jons. He then
went to Buffalo, where he lived some years;- was @engaced in
banking, operating in real estate, ete. About the vear 1337
his health begen to fail, put he lost none of his energy for
business, and his mind was as eective as ever. The whole
country, about this time, was undergoing ene of those periodic
seasons of panie and depression; barks threughovt the whole
country suspended payment; suvereifn states failed to pay in-
terest upon their ponds, and the shrinkare in valve of proper-
ty was so great, tla it materially affeeten his incom. he
was then the owner of 4 property at Flint, Genesee County,
Mighifan, and notwithstanding his poor health, concluded to
leave Buffalo, and remove to that place and utilize it. He
mau not been in Michigan long before he fuund himself unable
% walk, in consequence of some spinal affeetion that affected
locomotion, but he had a wheel-chair made, in which he relled
himself about the village, and supervised a mill, a meresantile
house, ani varied bvilding operations, and was the post ener-

17.

Kee M86 1 tne one tO 94 bie ot ylno Qual 1 2m. peed 28d OF
et MNOS One ON?

Seen wf? Wh beoniiier @! ,etostines eif qu grleoke anfgtA
TO nen een eee Boods wh , severed 4a Bed & besaterg
ey) oo Cert! ee Fen? cid ,ore ls griwel ola 8 .soely
Rive ~)@086¢ O65 wo wel fad civedsd al. eee eee CA 9) Need
aid. com bel eee eames 16? ow , bre 489 et of aed eid
wes 0 et (ouse @2 no 100Ltud-to0l ine enen
th eee b erer ated, enoe bowhl of erouy. .aleTin# of Inew
Viel vee sf hL ‘ale ,s4a%80 [enor md Ande rego ,polAned
Ww) Gytene sii ly enum seed of gud , fia of waged dt ioedt eis
alaiv si? „ #6 evilge as eaw be lw eld ann ,enepiaud
aiboineq eee To one wrlog tel 62m , eal 21% J 4998, eee
er oy foolgueris sdned jno.eeetqod bie vinsg te -ensenee
“th WG of POLLED et ase MALeIAVes = | foeRmyAy LeLeegeve eee
-Teerig eo Sulay Gi enadalwie ef) ann ,ebred thet? megs deere
O41) vteens wid eme Uletiesar Zs) (wit , fae wa caw Ee
<Otaav® edeene) , tnd. fe eo tegety « To eee Off HOt) ee
a 2ebuione .A7 Lawl we 05) aniaratedsiwien cum ,qayideid
ot Mi gai bts0 bom @oalg 2a oF sYome daa , OLeTiuk,eyaal
Siow 7 \wemtt bow @f areted wel aegitpdt at coed fon opt
Seto’ te motte ARe Lontge ewe Io consupnenco at law of
BRE Lon ©) dpitte si , ebm Tiale-soow « dat at 208 ,9042 e000!
e em 6 Adder @ Bee. eregque bun ,opalhiv eff funda BL opel
"ane teva © @ «av ote eee erage aniaiio€d berry ine. ,peuert

vi

getie business man in the village. 1 have no data te enable
se to be exact as to the length of time he carried on business
at Flint.

In the meantime, he had now a fomily of three boys and
one daughter. The boys, mile quite young, were pupils of
the District School, but soon were sent Fast, and fitted for
@ollege at Cazenovia, New York. The eldest, Sidney Augustus,
after leaving school, choosing a business life rather than a
professional one, apprenticed himself to a mereantile house in

New York City and remained there until 1444, when he joined a

' gousin, Sidney Roby, and for a time transacted an extensive

hardware business in the city of Rochester, New York. 1 5
myself at this time spending most of the time in the mines of
California, and found it difficult to keep track of his where-
abouts, ont I next heard of him as a manufacturer of farming

implements at oskbort New Vork, and 1 thine it vas some-
where near 1355 that 1 returned from California and found him
in Newark, New Jersey, making patent leather. dame years la-
ter. 1 returned again from California, and not having heerd

from him for some years, did not know where to find him. Some
of his cousins suggested he cht be in Philadelphia. My bus-
iness taking me there, I made inquiries fur him, am was di-
rected to an office with the name of "Stevens “ Tinbitts" upon
the sien. I went in, and was inforned that my nephew was they
in Canada, putting up gas works in Toronto. 1 returned to

18.

ü We stan on oval «= -onalliw o @ ai hes eee
Senne fo belmen ef Gils To ivan. & oF BE SORKO HI OF Gh
At Da

Bis Bed eorts to elie? « wor Set er , eaisyieem ert wi
Zo eligt) @tew .nnvey Bi.up elim scco off -W2riguad enw
Wel eetTiT bes fee Inge Cer noose crud ,leorio? / diaewad wie
sOUseUNUA veri? .seable wilt te welt , dl vonega> fe enelies
B enn e en Ctrl eserivud » Sheedy eee wivesl verte
Oi eet efferheeen « oF Meemit beeline nqgs . ae CenotexeToy
ee ee = ca sari Lisa wrett beacsewes Dae YTD BOY woh
Visitas dh bevorwtan! eld & wl oe , eet venbE® j;néeues
r er wok eee Yo yo iv ef? wh enen een
TS ene ef) ai om? af Yo feo mrebrege emt? vier 2a dee
el eit Io U dest or Kilb #2 hwo? Dan eee
en Yo ‘ote lersa « ep mpi to brset gash 1 Pot ene
Jes cow FX is Coben ee wet eee on eee
tf ae" bet attest led mort eee en [ tale HEEL ase een
-sl etre em ted? gel tnotaq orbioe “yowret eet , tinwe Wi
roo privat jon See , Birrto®? (nd mer? niaga berrwter I per
OHO thet ye or eee word gon BID eee amon TP att en
e owintgte CHT @s ea fo ued besecyggua enferos eid Fo
To om Me ote t eth t 1 tete Ge gil uee coat
ny Sets lade Tt \ andvert* Yo ener ore eis elne of bere
fet eew werigen tin tate pen VW. eaw bee nt sew I greets
Of adie 1 ere 1 eottow wan gu antetig’ sbennOgt

BL

2

*

N

California, and had not met him until recently for upwards of
twenty years. 1 know not how many enterprises and industries
he had been engaged in, that 1 do not mention, dot during a
delichtful visit of a week that 1 recently made at his home in
Rochester, 1 found him full of business appertaining to gas,
and full of faith that it would, ere long, be used for heating
purposes as well as light. 1 find he has a son who i8 a prac-.
ticing lawyer ,who is married and has two children, ana there-
fore the Sidney 1 knew as an infant is a grandfather, Sidney
has been twice married. Nis first wife was the daughter of
E. B. Holmes, of Rrockport, New York, Two of her children
are living,—the lawyer, mentioned above, end a daughter, nos
in Germany, pursuing musical and art studies. By his present
wife, ho has two little ones, a girl am a boy.

Of the career of the children of Augustus ., the next in
order is that of the second son, J.Breese, who, after leaving
the high school at Cazenovia, completed his studies at Hamil-
ton College, and after fradvating, eommenced to read law in
the office of N. P. Graves, and after being admitted to practice
settled in Michigan, Wisconsin, where 1 find him today in the
enjoyment not only of wealth, but the respect and pwood-will of
all ite citizens. He hes net only «a large lew practice hut
the supervision and manarement of two immense land Companies,
whose holdings aggregate Fight hundred thousand acres, and has
still fomad time to serve the city as Mayor, and more than one

le.

to epueygn at eee Liscy mid ean 8eq bat boa Gotoh ind
OGL TeUBAL bom cveioy iter «oan worl fon work 1. erase Yi aew
„ ine fed .coienem pom ob 1 dels ,ad Depegné noed bai of
ns omod eid ca sees ylewepes A saws dopw & lo fivav Aatidnilon
O48 6) grdgiealyecas eteriaus Yo finl add povel |, 20%eedeos
Gnites gO dows oo . yell exe ,clvoww 11 sete Avital to (hed one
—Datq 6 6] ie aoe 5 oni og bait i jdephl os Liew os eoaegteg
-Gielt Sow ,@@roiics get eed coe eedstam ef ofiv,wywel wicks
N .Ferisetorers @ oi tea ted me ee wond | yorbih 0:2 cl
$e tsifdgesh o4f woe u ta rtd ai?! beivies seule? upec ead
a@iblits ret Io ovt -t90Y WOM. sreydoot! GQ , eenkol .@ 2
You, et ent «© Bes .s¥ece Degelocnem , vexywel ede—, grivil ove
fasewig sit Xf. .antburs fis Ome Lacievue aaivetyg .vasemd, at
tod © kee (14% © .@8no ebfdil cet oot of een
Si Sa0u oft ,.D suzeuquA To cenblins alt Jo tmeten git 70 ~~
gaivascl verte ory .syerst.l ee cropen edt te tat? 2. aebzo
-Linet! ‘2 So gbute wid bOlulgnoo ,aivoneae) ta Loodee piel af?
nh wel weet of beanemmee eee eee bete die ,egesluh mes
Selina , bet icka wried tetle be ,aevew) 4.4 Se entTio et
SY 0) yokes ty) Gee 1 every ee eee ee eee ee ee geligee
26 Litr-bem Sam fr agesn alt cum tleew to aloo .jon snempotae
fee Otto wal evened « vine tun emi OL, -aapeteto ati ita
MRhcce™ > ol comment o8f Ye tneveqanerd Soe molagvinque end
Oat Be) AOE eee Label ee eee eee eee
ne cod mer bre deer es ee eff eee ee amid, ate? Shige
a4

= wr, 1 ar N ad , 7 19
bai sf N ' ie i y ay

of the citizens have told me that he would have been made Gov- 1
ernor of the State, if he would have «allowed his heme to he
used.’ He has been twice married,—-a daughter of the first
wife, about sixteen, and also a daughter by the present wife,
of ix summers, living together in harmony, and a happy home,
Next to J.Rreasea comes Charles, cho, 1 think, was also 4
graduate of Mamilton Oollere. Ve gummaneed the study of law. |
in the offive of Governor Fenton of ®lint, Genesee County, ql
Michigan, and, 1 think, was adnitted to practice there, but he 4

*
soon removed to Syracuse and formed a partnership with rGrews,

who has, for many years, been a practitioner in that arr.
Chiurles, in addition to law business, was fur sume yoars %¢huad |
Superintendent at that place. He hes two frown up children—
one a son and the other a daughter, both of whom are married. |
The daughter’ in the Gity of New York, and the son in business a

at Marquette, in upper Michigan.

Helen, the only daughter of Augustus C.. hes for miny |
years bean d widow, havine married e& vent lewen by the name of
Sanford, and is now living in the homesterd at Scononton with
her mother. This home of the Mother and Felen Sanford is n-
powered in shede and furnished with all the luxuries of coun-
try life; fruit, Plowers, end veretebles in the rarden; horses
and carriaves for ridine, Jersey cows tht provide the crean
and the but ter and the joyors welcome vovchsnfed to the sons

and daughters and the srandchildren by the Mother, 74 ter and

. 20 ro

000 6M Heed ovat Didi of eee On WO eee anesgeto PTS
. PF ban: ein vevofl' ov a: vleo ef Th (etn? eter Bu 198890
Ses ets ta sole yi oe, Dein ine oof02 ROSS eat wh © shoen
e 2hewety ei: oc Tin ved & Cele Bre’ ,fopdxte gous , eae
erst Qyeer we ane, eee ni weivenes Wwivdl”, ates eee e
e 8h (Ani? io aw belie tome eeeuthil of en
S6i Mx Ubiie off ianhelesce off nn eh ratlivel to el gupney
Seba e@Perel eee Yo Tred cwT YomrevOeNBo eesTIo eit al
wi tag „ Met? eolttmg of Lerrinte sow | Me? f oem | epee
SAIS AO re tte eds 64 e DechUT Ine eee let OF bev eee
erie rere el verols is eatq © bond eee cn co?) , eal) one
suitor et face st cow (eeenterc wel 68 elne rt , eslumis
Amn rile gt ee oF? wert ot pale 200 Se trenrresairequa
Beiter ee Tw ofoo „ e er & See) ei tek nos oan
Werten 22 ror ofr Bre het wel’ Seo etl end ne. ceri ea?
fester! veg wt )e) Tony iat se
¥ire 1 Oat, 20 euretacA To cel Ante cite mle cele
% wT “Et rbot rey 0 ceive ead vet eoblw mw rped eee
Athy ten $s b shee! ent af Wart woe v7 coe | rete
“Me ot PIM eel oo fot dem etre ei De Soret wall? een oped
er Te Satie? gre Tle |!) iw beleseeu) oe eee 02% Bote
weer Meee «Ff «1 COldatmey erm jwerewoll (cewr? (eit qe
Sime 8 Wivetq Tal Gwoo (oe! een 1a aera aes
% ® cetvato rev agedie a roqot u pie) een off Gee
Tete Ae et (foto! off et es nete eff nenne
Oe

Aunty, make @ parudtise for the reunion of the several fanilies.
The next one whose career 1 propose to fellow is Sister
Runice, who is next oldest of the children of our Father and
Mother, whom , a8 1 already stated, was one of the eaght that
were landed in Vetroit by the littie schooner, the Lady of
the Lake.” As 300n as à house tas male habitable on the
land, the eldest Brother liad located near Pontiag. They em-
barked again in wagons, and slowly made their way threugh the
forest back of Detroit. A roadway was cut just wide enough
for a wagon, and if by chance tous were met, the axe was put
in requisition, to increase ite width. After two days hard
driving, the twenty-five miles was aceomplished, and the f-
ily arrived at what they had te eall home, —a house made of
Logs vith dark still on them, about twenty by twenty-four feet
one Story, and a garret. A fireplace was made across one end
about ten feet wide,- over this a chimney, made of thin split
atigks luid up in lay mortar, then plastered over inside and
out, to prevent taking fire. The pack of the chimney was a
Stone wall for about six feet in height, with janbs on each
Siue built up about six Peet, on which the chimney of sticks
rested. A erane of iron was hum in the jamb on one side,
With long and short pot hovks on which to hang the pots and
the settles. A tin refiector to set before the fireplace did
tne bak ing, amd a long-handled frying pan for frying, together
constituted the cock stove and furniture, Thas probably seamed

21.

Seiligg? fwwrss os Te eee o19 wl s8ieetag nw Odom een
16sOsH OA. wallet of Saqqorg I % See ee saon eT, 4
bua tee’ wee lo mouelsd® ons To 2 ¥vebio Sao ef with een

Sait Sgse os je ond €ae ,desete \ononle I ab , modiw , seo
Yo qeal* edt eee eigzil wits .o diouted abedeonsl, ere
Me ME Dives ides: GSN BAR. Cel. & 26 Move oh *.00el oe

ene (ely, .waiinw ten bedavcl .2 tedlosbiseetie ond peak

@i2 AAYotls, Uw x. °'h Oxem yivole bog ,enegaw ol alege vodted

peor Shiv taug tye Bhs Yevbsot A shored To 40 40901

20Q saved O62. Jom o1eW aymos-eonads ai Tarbae negara s08

Suad eve! oFlyseris | itkdw O44 eee eee 08, Moddieluget as

erm) oft pra ,beUeciquvevs esv aolin ovel-qinows one , gadviwd
te. shat oavad o~, ean ilaw of sat yods Jadw te ne

8093 tue crows Ut ysceows eee , ome wo itide dees ee eged

Bre, Ono seiaee Ole eae wowlqats] enen e bie YTS OO

Shiga minds To obad eee e 2 aiid TevO.-,eDiw Jeg) a9 suede
base @hicut tewe bewelaenly sels , intro lt i Qu bleh .
& Bay commits wl Te donc ot? Ors) pda eee of 200
Hoes (a dent Daw ien ma fool aie tvs w diaw efode
e De qenmisto ew coisly rm , S004 Bis. duods qu éhtus. eels
ale #60 % del elt of wil esw mori Ye onal) sbedeet
hte thes © 4 Brn Of Ved» ce edvadl 20g teams gael dee

BiB Conlyj." ois euileg 508 02 waoeitel wi A 4endesad en

eee wi AA ang potest belinai-gool « baa yguded eth

femme ee eee #1dt ee eee bow evets dooce edd) ee eee
46

ia 77 7 ™ F
@ little rough to our hother and Sisters out 1 have no re o-
jection of hearing a@ny complaints, nor ao 1 remember to have
witnessea any @viaenve vf unhappiness asong them. All were
Cheerful and helpful, ana aispoved e muke the best of every-
thing. The upper flour ecunstatuted the bed Coms of the five
Sisters. Tie stair-case to reach them was a ladder only, but
by spreading à carpet ana a@ eurtein hore au there, they seon
proneunced it a boudoir, \. bedstead. was put up in the two
eurners of the main reom, Sway from the fireplace, one of h
was. for our Father and Veother, ana the other was for roter
Rufus and the writer. When this work va Scvonplished, we wem
settled, and reauy [for work. Brother Rufus, before returning
to Pajmyra, haa clearea and ploughed about ten aeres, and platte-
% At to curn and potatoes. This croup wus to be harvested,
The corn was first cut up at the root, hauled up to the hove,
and set up beside the Tenee. Sisters Pumice, War tha anc Char-
Tete declared that they, with my help, cowld hush it, while
Yuther and Rufus were aiseing the potatoes, ud building sta-
bles and sheds tu house our horses and cows. Althuvpelh at
wash A new enterprise to attempt men's work, they went et ait
without gloves, ard as. I new remenper their work, but for the
fact dt Sister Punive insisted sume une of the tee should
read aloud from sume interesting ama ins *ructive dock while
the rest husked gorn, they mace wood hans.

one aud Naturally suppose that the making of one sugh

13.

“Lied en erod 1 sod @tevec® cue seneod ae o8 cyven algsel a
Ova. oe 2 1 en „eee ee gibt. ed “be lter
waeew GLA it wh een Ghinw Jv eonepive ys peeunts is
e to dec ous ee e Decoyein bus \Lwlgled baw ivtaeeds
OViT wht We Grew ben ab bet otaienes wold waequ wil ..gride
Sud .tliro Thdbrd & oat web? siuees 8s euso-tiats ail #07 olf
Gree VU (oth! me ete niagitus 4 wee fous 2) Et iepe tye gd
Ges @id.ni qt 209 sew booledbon + . % & 24 oounuetesg
idily to tw ,edeige.) if ot? YewA , oom Aime Od Do Ste 100
Po. it env wattle OF sua ,setdos om See nuoww? wav
S1iee (Oe Ilya cow. dw 64: cod? eee alt dns Gof
Biba oer eile , ed vd. a0:i7 tk atu a0) eet Bu ,dbalisow
-stalg bien (eo1ue mei -duves Leiquuly ene semule oat parymbstro?
/ebeteovidl 4d of sow you. ciel 6a eto Dh me wh Pee
Paes! ads et 0 Rolsadl , 2007 at an 4% Seo sent eo~ wes eff
“aD oon artist ,~setsm™ ates ei fh cone) #1) wriewd qu fee ane
Shiny ch jou hbOwo ,qglel ga dese yas sae eee dee
“ee (thie 0G are ,wROd D2 OG MIT Wiry is Otew evIVE De eee
Pi hy verde . Seb Lne sows We eesest OF abote eee ee
22 ia fee GL | Ae O88. tqaNsetn &D> GBs IO). Yo ae
Sou oe ieee Gel) tec. eee 1 aw ge, covely eee
ente eeu ee lo one wwe berelens soirrd melt tam sogd
Pedi dows wWioviitent sem grtveoweia: eros so swale weet
-eboe Leow some yet ie pete) cot ef?

We we Do Onddoo we eee bewyyuw eis areal eRe

a

i Pa
1

a settlement as 1 have ried to deseribe, would discourage any
one from desiring to repeat the unaertaking, but our Father
and Brother Rufus found, in the curse of @ yaar or so, that
they had chosen, comparatively, a poor farm; that twenty-five
miles farther on, and that ieh farther from civilization,
they @eould get heavily-timbered land, aug) as our Patoer had
been waging war with from the tame he left Vermont. the land
das all vacant to the North,- snd a pack trail hea been cut
out through to Saginaw. Troops were there ouilding a fort,
having been sent there by water, and officers and soldiers
were coming through, from time to time, and their reports of
the richly timpered land twenty-five miles farther North, in-
aveed my Father and Brother to go out ana examine it. \fter
doing so, they determined to sell out at the first oppor tunity
and loca te at Gram Slane, where put a few years befure, the
Grand Blane Indians had resided. They were still living but
& little to the est of tre lecality, but were considerea in-
offensive and friendly. Pather and Rrother scon afterward
canped upon the ground, and conmenced to aut lors fvr another
house. These Indians came daily to see them, offered, with-
out asking, to come and help to raise the house, and in every
way were as kind and friendly #s more civilized neighbors
eould have been. When the house wes made habitahle onc® gore
the family embarked in the wacons and rolled into the wilder-
ness, the writer of this following, driving the cows end pigs

23.

ire See cl iow ,@0drceel of bax! emg Sd «a dnerelades &
sente® suo dus , ohde@necre ofa 24090110? eréulecd oer. sag
mie (68 146 tee „ 1% e008 erg et , bevel sflivl, sate e ben
Ovi) -etnee? fae jar? soo@ @ Xlevilataqeawo eee Lat. gods
dr egiiivic covt werit1s% owe Cari? baw , no tele), soli
Deri "WIP poo oe ous ,dard bewsseus- (Lineal ten nee yet?
fehl eso) «feo teh wi wus ov mow! dyer we nee aued
Guy (ead vail ee Soa & bone eee wit. oF ubs Lin, ear
Veal ente weds siew er werime? of syeceuls ioe
ewibivé opm 2379." to ot ,tedew vd overl? Joee need ailvedt
Sear smet tim! be er of emit aw! ,dauwewt? oniiees ete
=i een eee aalion ovit-_inew? Oneal bewenl? yl iot alt
“est! PE. time brim Jo om OF THitulh bow wltat, om beeub
Ridqwinoggo 41.0 wis so evo Lifes os Sontrmpteh ved? .oe gihab
“@d? eee 2inoy wet 4 tus ota , onal! buco 36 eteoal ae
Bug meivil Liitea evew yodt = .beniew: haut ercocenk erat bye
a2 itooblews vtew fud) , ee lissol es Qa tas® ade of. of teil a
nee wees TetfoTd Sez white) .~tieeint due evienstio
r d TW! anol De af Peorea@we kaw, OneCTE et? eee baggep
eee ,Letetto marit pes or (Liab ans naten enett . .eased
Vieve fl bee ,covod af! evtaw of qied bas emo of ines duo
wtodteler Oexciltvts arom es dein bnew badd en ever gay
C1 oO CLontigat Cher eee sever at nete send eval bives
“wbliv ot ofel beliorn be» srosew pid mt tediedae yliest als
hig & © aon ot wrivith ,galeoll et sidt to wSiw ed? ston
te

that naa been purchased tu stock our first Michigan home. Our
progress was necessarily slow—an Css ena bridge te al
a tree to cut out, ete. We, however, made about half the dis-
tance amd camped at what was known as the Big Spring, a favor-
it@ camping place of the indians, which had been so long used
by them as Aa BtUpping place, that abuvt a haif-acra ud become
seeued Oase, and had been 66 civsely fea wwn vy their po-
nies, as to have made a very pretty lawn. A fase vas started
by Gur tretier Rufus, not Ati the aia of a mateh, which did
not come ante use for years after, but wath flint and steel
and a bit of decayed maple wood called. "punk’ by sume, and by
otiers, “spunk. ® Niall was correct, 1 never learned, but 1
did learn timt it was necessary to kcep itv dary, 28 well as
powder. Over this: fare mi tne tea-Kettle, aid the other
and Sisters pre pured and served oi supper, then spread the
DSUs ast latte uon zie Lawn, preparatury tu spent their
farst nightin the opsn air. NOt u gomple int sus usted by
any, MI seemed golly ana contented vith» the serrounG@ings,and
1 thought iu tune most desarable and qeligntful vedrown IL had
ever occupied.» The moon was shining brivuietdy anu the stars
were out in all their glory. mal our camp fir@ycaet ite Sha
dows ‘anom the trees, until it seem@u a pat Traut faisy land. fle
all slept scunuly until nearly daylight, «hen we were awakened
oy 4 serenade by o band net at inetromental band,—but 2 band
of wolves. This unlockeu for honor starten the jounger mem-

34.

OO emt feito. | GORE wo dole OF [8GmipT a; New Get Fair
—Ging @ unbina Tee ebe na—wole Runen Ces eee t go ty
01D 643 Tut svode ahaa ,tevewsd oF eee ft) Jud Of owe oe
“vet & Geir? wef Of 6a avon eew iulv te beqm~m we eonk?
beau Hho oo ree bet eee (orslinl os Te ooslq gigas 624
Dan Ba eur ber @ eee Jet? ,eosiq grigqurs « o@ owed yo
9 Tiers yw wee bol Ylesw.o <2 «e680 bad mA eee e eee
bettase waw oi.) A „Wal Yliong VI8V eo Gham Oval @ es weit
Bab civsiiw eee 6 70 bis wis athe son), eNtOd denture % yo
Lene bes en ee Suu ee eine, 162 aeu ont Gass Jor
W@anme Ore yo SAY Doilso bouw olqap boysbed Teo 41d » he
BR n O&rreel coven i ,tovi we «2% Heli *.mwygs* ,wteite
h Liew ex, gp Ul quest of Kueste sew Fi Sauls ast 51D

7 ferilo a aie , ahs Ok sO O8s yuri ees) wl sav) | weg
is Seong ners „ wWyque wo devises oma eee een Sis le De
Lr
Dm «we e eee een n eee eat? Wi een eee
en d e ee en e ener won t ne e N
Sai enaribed eee lod daa eee ee dec ee Tf eee
Wee wi ane yl iia aninide ew net ee. betyuese Tee
ate! i Sees oI.) pole 40 ofa jewels ies? Sie nd aw ete
C8 sborh (tic) fre img «4 Dees ch Ooo , 0801) at ein a wee
ee 6 fee cmte Sop liyebd wires ee ere dee ome
iad 2 Pai, os Lede ee eee om ton-)odno 1 yo eee o Ve
Wan Www ©) Les ete “om! aw? pedvoias er ( devlow hy

8

bers of the family who clung close to Father and Mother, until
Brother Rufus replenished the fire, and assured us tiat wolves
were afraid of fire.

After breukfasting, we started again upon our journey,and
before night reached the new home, where we found some of our
Indian neighbors, whe, having heard through a hunter that we
were on the way, came over to welcome us, bringing a saddle of
the choicest venison, and some baskets of wild strawberries ,—
which were then in season.

All soon settled down to work, determined to make the new
home as confortable and pleasant as possible. To me it seem
a costly paradise. I son became the owner of my first gun.
The woods were full of game,—a lake near by was full of fish.
1 soon became affiliated with the Indian boys, learned their
language almost iniuitively, and every day that 1 could be
spared from work upon the farm was given up to sport with In-
dian boys, with either gun or bow and arrow accompaniment; sub
to the elder Sisters, 1 have no doubt this isolation fran 80
ciety and frienis was irksome. They, however, made no com-
plaints, out one by one, as fast as opportunity occurred, en-
aged in teaching in the settlements. Sister Funice, whose
fortune 1 should have narrated ere this, was the firet to leave
the Grand Blane home. She vas called to teach the village
school at Pontiac, by this time grown to be a village of one
or two hundred people; but she finally becane ambitious for

45.

p44 one . elles

iy ot bo weed bee eee erg Gedesmalaos ö ee

„ 1% Te nenne ne
D eee too eee eee eee Ow ee ee eee eee
ee Te omen eee ey eee eee wen off eee ente eee,

Oe fade wtced «2 eee ee endet eee eee en een
To t be # ee eee ee eee of wee eee ee ae TO eee

iv ~,gto1vieéwatie of: Yo atatvesc emcee boa ,movinew Jaeototo ois

-nouane mt tii? eer ot

ben ef? odem oF beniomezes , %% OF e eee %% 41

Mise fi er eee on treenely one eee dete en een
e fest qm lo eee offs eee eee I eee eee yiteos &

tet? Yo HN saw eS teen etal 2—-,ecsg Yo 107 eer aboow exit

eee Detinel ee maton ents dgiw cerns stts emeped moot

d Bh om 1 tars el eee bee ,elovitivent seoale eparmnet
See worms bia fod w ag ‘versie Miw ,eyod main

|
4
.
ar A A droge oF qu Nevin eaw ais? on? noqu dto~ mot? sotnge
ve ot wolfeloas aids zn on eva I een ee os 08 N 9
e eee ee eee bia eee *
dee ene eee eee ee feet ee eee e ee ee eee 5
ee ee ee een le eee er mi ene wit eran . 7
over oF fenit off apy vids ous bedava eve biwods 1 un. fi

„ larger field of usefulness and went Fast and established a
boa ra ing school for young ladies at Avon Springs, in Genessee
County, New Vork. Here she taught for some years, and was
patronized by some of the best families of the region. She
finally made the mistake of her life in allowing herself? 0
be courted und married by a widower, who, when he came court-
inc, drove an elegantly matehed team, end telked to her of her
hard, labor ius life of teaching and how much pleasanter she
would be situated, with comparatively little to do but ride
behind his bays, ana enjoy herself. She must have discovered
his bu¢eoli¢c nature, but probably hoped by her influence to be
able to change somewhat his mode of life. They were married,
ana within a month thereafter the matched bays were sola, their
proceeds invested in milch cows for a dairy, and poor Funice
fiven to understand that it was her businéss to make the milk
of twenty cows into butter and cheese, anc to look after a
large hovsehold, with ne‘er a hirea servant to aid her in the
work. She, to my knowledge, never complained, put the task
was so Hereulesn that a few years ¢arried her to her wave.
She left a daughter, who married early in life,—l1 Have no
doubt to avoia a life of slavery. 1 om unable tu give her
name, or whereabouts, if alive.

The next Sister to leave the Grand Slane hone wis )artha,
whe also commenced life as a school teacher. He tauent in
several districts in Oaklanu County, Michigan, ana at 4 pio-

26.

E DEE e) co bee 7689 Srew cow asentotdes Yo efor? “head oe
coseere a. oenrcit? ROWA So seinel gekiv wt Doodtewiiptecd
car of .eteee occe Dol sitgce? wis oxell e vet , etnies
oir Nasen off Yo Geilzse? sewed or Ve. se0e vo besl gous
Oo Tleerai saivolte af atiL ai to edateioveds ebemeyiientt
=Fivoo Gauss ef veiw off .vewobiw « vd beltten due Demees ed
ved DO T8r oF Hedtio! bra _ ake? Hetod em ~itragele ns ovorh ane
file TOfAneweiq (nus #od Bee Antrivee? Yo etl ewotsedal , ovat
ebia fod oh of el#ttl ylevitateqmo tite (/beteutio ee eloww
beievcieth event teu ot? -Tieatwd youre ore ,eved wid Da teied
we 6) eoreotiant wet «@ Deqon elancorw tad ew an onfooudmsid
tete den yay ee Yo abom aint fatwemos ennndo oF olan
tied! blow’ ene svat pafiatom of2 sof eee Alher ee eee bon
enn Weg fine ,ettab «¢ 10D ewe elt at Pereevnd 6bee0e 1G
Mla ei! oem of seemisud iat éaw 4) set ethno ene Of eID NER
EE lta ool of be ene OeB 14612 Cd eee ewoe eee 0
ote Wy) 1G Ole of Shoviee coti fi # ve’ en dere , Sietesvot ental
deer ey tug ent tee “eves egbelvond gm oo 8 mew
‘iver Sel of WOM boelteiae «see wet « care eee of enw
ot over i—,eThl ai vi we betrtan of , ve ipeed @ Pel aff
Ht 8 8=6oevig OF sidcet @ ft “reveals to etil @ obuve of 2aueb
-ovile 4 ,esLodaeret Ww , eat
ew! bee GO Une! bea) end eevee of ates awe ett «>
ricer ee) .seterer Loutse © en ott) soonreetuy vals e
iy #8 Se ae coy ittol’ | ¢f ned oped de® Hb 220327 eed) Serves
Oe

neers’ meeting which 1 attendea in Februar) 1345, at Pontiac,
Il was tola. by quite a numeer of ola ladles anu gentlemen tliat
ever sixty years ago they were pupils of my Sister Martha.
She, after a time, also went Fast, to visit our eldest ster
in Orleans County. She also married a widower, with two 11t
tie boye. His mame was Philip Nichols. He was a Christian
and a gentleman, and made his home a happy home for wife and
children. he was for some years engaged in business in Me-
aina, Orleans County, New York, but removed from there to is
consin, and died at Nater ton. Fis children, all but one
daughter, married, ami left home, I think before his death.
Our Sister Martha, at the age of seventy-nine years, (ana in
the enjoyment of health ana all her faculties,) is still liv-
ing in the honestead at Watertown, with the unmarried daughter
Rmily. One son, henry, died in Milwaukee. Two are now in
Chicage ,~-Gaily operators at the Board of Trade. One daughter
married a Vr. ritt of Milwaukee so many years ago that there
is a daughter of hers of marriageable age, while the ether
has been ad some years. Still another daughter married a
Mr.Lightbody. They are nes residents at La Crosse, Yisconson.
Sister Martha, although seventy-nine years of age, is furnish-
ed by her sone with a yearly pass over the C. Kk. 4 St.P.R.R. and
she often visits them, without requiring an escort to aid her.
1 have now traceu the career of all of those of our fami-
ly who had, in the parlance of the Bee farmer, *swarmed,*—or,

a7.

„ e bel Cae e Debret) 2 lL dpidw yucters Sexcen
iam we@ei.ary <m ceskeal alo W eee e abidgy “6. abel ea I
_Midae wosei® wm Yo ellqug @6e% (al of 61 hey wie ew
“leit fepiie ivo /iedv et See spew vole , ol? @ ow de , lh
Pik ows Gi cy ener & ceiviem coals ah, .eenued eneaals0. nt
M/ifeiiad. 2 cow O00 lowlotelM eG4lUi9 say. nee 14 eyed Sif
Dae etary 10% omer eqgart 2 aged sid eben bee .nameitaey 8 bre
“OM Gh @eeield oi eee e e196, Owe to] ose or ene
“ei? of 216.12 mot? cevomm Jud ,a10! we! .“rnped enapixO . ents
oro #09 ide ,norslido et ech tel a? 22 Leis mA. ,Mianoe
7200 gi gwetac Ania: 4 .omen ciel bor , baiweem , wedged
oi one) ,e18ey enin-qoeves To ee 65% 28 , at tee, rereih wd
“whi iLife ef |, eet: iueet x41 Lin oce deisel leo ftreeyotme aie
Jefdndsl heivreqss ais. sie ,aworuete? 28 hpetseanl er? oh gal
etrwon ena oT) = 1 epdeeelid ni peid ,ewwoll .moe nO ene
ee eee 029 .oba7T to dueok ole ge 6104 8 10Q0. (Lied, opmetnd
Ogee Jah! o88 ese Nee ce eedueuli¥ Bo @2i28.T4 «2 een
White eos elice ,oga Gldatyaiiiem lv simi le waitguad aed
@ celta widyuel wedlonte (Lick = 01804 eve BeBe Teed wpa
sMoanoog.® , eee 0 al 2B sinsbioet son e714 yetiT , wedsigll.ae
eee ef .ope Ww else, win-ysneves dygoitias ,atined seper®
eth, K. 1 . 7 6. 0 ede WOO esug Kiaeoy 4.4319 anes tet (a oe
U0 bi0 OF Mocee eH Biliieped Jvedsiw , cis etige¥ nettle wie
-iq@@t suo To cee to Lle lo teeTe eit Sooett womevel Lge
(a bervere’ 10183 eof ect to eonmlueg eff nt ,~ det oole gh
Me

.

in other words, left.

The reat one, Fister Clariotte, also left home to teach
a e¢hevl in Oak land County, and some years after, I think
about 1340, married at my house in Pontiac, D.N.Winsiale, ana
lived with him until 1371], when he aied, while on their way to
California. They had ore daughter, Katy, who is now in Paris,
France, engaveu in massionary work, and who is à member of the
NeCall Mission, and said to pe doing much good, Charlotte
died in Broeklyn, in January 1333.

The parental roof, vp to the time that we were fairly
settled at Grana Biane and living in peace am harmony with

our neighbors, the Grand Blane Inaians,

If 1 am to continue this, history, the next in order will
be to write of the career of myself, the younsest son. As
my life has been somewhat wild and eventful, I would have pre-
ferred to have hed it duesecrived by others rater than by my-
self, lest in narrating the incidents and excltenents 1 have
been an ae tor in, I may be thought an egotist, but as 1 an,
as it were, the “Last of the Mohicans,* must do it myself, if
it 16 gone at all.

As I have already stated. 1 soon learned the. Indian lan-
guage so perfectly as to be able to umierstand and appreciate
the yarns and stories of their professional story-tellers,one
of which was to be found in almost avery villare. When 1 was

35.

-#3el „ ene ‘dare ot
wera enol 11 defp .etfolteid setetl eto beet fT
Mls | oats one erde Oe eee DnAL AeA mi Lvedes e
tt .ehebenit.v.o . celiret at sevet (a dn betrie® Mel reeds
Of erw Ble? wo Siiny ,Beir af wow ie Alen atd Agiw bovis
eitet ot won «i coffe Nie enger ono batt ter tet las
od? “oo teSmen 5 at onw bee , Stew vienblescia 4) Deu Oe 6 , core
enen „e Meum ee 66 OF bhise eee eee een
„ er ene of ,wekdoore Gl Beih
¢ixial oie ef fale ant? ott oF qv , Toot letusim ait
iw Qrowted sce eopeyg as pilvil Wie omaid bed va peloteoe
,emsiond oreit saw eff , @tedd fem 106
Als solo nl face wit eee aid? een eee @ wd WI)
va due at ote . Thewya To r98081H8 eM Yo Geiatw OF Od
rq eved biuws 1 Lulineve dns Sliw J wives weed erd ener we
“Wa (o made een arego (do aeciveen ri bert evei oF Bevis?
saved 1 efiemsiioxny due etnebient ed! gniftwiiat ai feel , Liege
<@ lL ep sud) 7261/0930 OH Sdaeers at esa 1 oh 16 es Ae nee
22 .thewyal 3¢ oh June *, erpetsdow ei: To %a eit S Of On
IIe 4% % of
tet maibal of? berinel node eee eee eee ene
STA DOING DNR eee reins OF bide od od ee qi towtIeg o8 eee
tre sur lial-qros Lanoteestorq 1i0d? Yo weiz0rs Ban etipy .
cow Ll eth .onalfsv crtve feomla ali tneot.ed of saw wiotiW to
ry

& boy of twelve years of age, 1 frequently spent two cr three
days ot & time Visiting the buys of my om age at the louse of
Oherobabonissie, the Chief of the Grand Blanes. During the
day, sume half-dezen youngsters would start out with bow anda
qvaver holding à dozen arrows, and with these, gratify the Ju-
Venile prepensity® tw ganble, instead of playing marbles te keep.
The le aer or captain of the purty had an arrow that was used
as the target. -He would shoot that target arrow any distance
or direction he ohose, then euch of us would endeavor to
place one of our arrows as near as possibie to the extreme
butt end of this target, the rule boing that the owner of tlhe
arrow nearest the target was winner of the one the farthest
off. Then the arrow would be fired from the bow again, some-
times over a knoll or fallen tree so as to be entirely out of
sicht, thus giving a chance to the novice, as well as to the
expert. In this way we would sometimes travel ail day, and at
night go to the lodge; one or two lucky ohe owning all the ar-
rows. At night all would assemble at the lodge uf the novel-
ist, and listen to the tales of the chase, of war, and of su-
pernatural beings, told with dramatic gestures and affect. 1
have listened t¢ these tales until the wee wuall hours with as
rapt attention as 1 read Couper. In these cxoursions
through woods we would frequently encounter fame to which we
would give our uttention~—rabits, woudenucks, pifeons, par-
trides, ete. —and gould almost alwsys fin enorch to kill to

30.

eet! 49 o8f coven YLatew, or 1 she Wo otbey views Tu wae)
to mutol bay „ e492 AWelam To eyod 9+ arte lero ont? bree ace
wis 0 eorold bust) 9 & to Yet eh? (OLéedaosnsore(l
A beta d r- NU Divew sxretegrvo d mened-Thal eso ,»qax
“sul als Ytizarws ente tiv Ru „ donn ae » BRielen dw visy
een of eee ghiyalgG do ceedent , sldamy ol» qi .eusyom blidey
beet Ga 22418 wots mo bet nee OFF To nisdyses we wiesd O07
Sorwield enw Ht A Papal? felis svete bnew of .2eHMeds wl) BA
vt Tevnebra diver a0 Yo rouse nels oeend ef modgtonrss vw
rern B42 Of elcivooy oh seen 6A ewoTrm wwe To one eonig

ai? To ee tate mried elim offs .2eQnret alte Yo bus 270
femisrm ef? ero edt Yo tenet eaw sents or? eee worth
-@008 .rteya woo of? mon? beri? sc bivow wou on? rest «Te
fo Tuo ente d of Bs be Sets Nella? % [Lond 8 ei en
Wit of ty [ler es ,@otvun M oF eormio BS Br iVey Ute dee
„ Dm Ka fle len eertzanca blues ev yew aif? deen
“30 ef) (iff eee sat Youll owl “weno ,onbol e n on eta
=fevon off %) endul sf? fa eldvwosenw Blue Ite @inin oF -owou
“ie to Baa (tue Yo erte ert To velss oe oF neeerL Bun ee
ff .#peTte bas vonvecy olsmamith wa iv bfut ,.Banied Cemegerrwg
ae a3ie ewer leo eow ede Lise dele: eanit a poneredl ovat
ancletusac g a fl ene beet I ee noten de

We fel 'W oF exe tem oone@ \ Lrneupet? fivow ew abaw «Quon:
Te eee , elotiidduvow a7 idai—nes mets a we ww ay ale

of (498 M cycrone ln , ey Ie neh Rides bas sete ee

oe

ferryvis . us With a mid-day neal. The skins and Teathers were
taken off the gare, a fire improvised with flint and steel,
tie ae as teu Upon a skewer ard without salt, and this fur-
Misheu a luneh I have yet to taste the ewal of. I have al-
Yeauy ald the woods were full of gaue,—seome of it desirable,
bUL there Was 4160 u sUperabundance’ of wolves whith were not
desirable, but, on the gontrary, very troublesome.

We had brought with us a coop of fowls from Pontiac, built
a log iwvse for them to roost in, and they soon began to pro-
duce eggs; but, ere a week hed elapsed, there came one nicht
a wolf, and by some means got the door open and killed ali but
the ola Rous ter. lt was a sad loss, and we could see no way
to utilise the rooster until my Indian friends suggested that
it was possible the wolf would be so well pleased with the

taste of tare povltry as tu indrvee him to come pack for more,

and proposed to lend me a steel trap to capture him. The
territory and the county were paying five dollars each , as
bounty for their destruction. 1 cut a hole through, the loge

near the plave wiere the old rovster spent his lonely night,
but only bir enough for a olf to stack his nose through, then
set the trep were tie wolf must put his Wer in it, if he eame
prospectins for mere chickens. The second nirht after set-
ting the trap, just before day, we heard the rattling of the
chain attached to it, and convluded we were to got sone satis-
faction for the luss of our fowls. As soon as it was licht

30.

wiew @téttec? bes enide «(7 Lae (ab-b Ree vere ee
eh erie Bee fi O Pegw Loe livoewgat.eslt # (emmy wie The wears
-su2 eff pom .J lee fgontsivw ine teowods £ NeQe Léseeuy Gory ei
-he eval J to Lnopo eds eee oF «fey ove] donel « weiss
-Olactsa@b OL eee. 845 Bo Livl wow Givow ate sleds yon
fen Ste nne . eoumlnenique & Cain ow otest sud
-erpeelinew qrev ,wiawnot aw te dus , ldutiéss
$Livd. entanes wot) elegl To qow « a aitgy stigredd wat ow
“O14 vi een tooe yore Ons ,gl Jeon) oF mem “dul vsowi qui &
JALAN ONO Oyeo S501). , Boeqele beri doew «4 ote , Sud ,aRBye ood
faa iis belitd Bue nee wok of fog eves ome WI one /tlow
* on fem bide ew nic), ea0ol Bas s Bow di. | -1etewih ale wie
ie beveenpue enmett3, netont wo [isn tet enn os nn
odd ditvw beswel, Ie. va ed Sleew thow a? eidleera @ew tb
C202 10% dyad eyo af mid eounts w a8 CU ivug omas To OF eRe
Tt ‘ml ON ad we gaat Leate, aon nA & keseo dnp in
on „ e stalliot avid: eee @tew veavom ed? Coe Werne
eaeal oft siquewh ele & 200 er eee eds 102 (2 Hed
„ü eLorw sin. Inge teleport aio eis miei eonlg oi?) teat
nei? „Mett efor aul Avif@ of Dhow # WA ente gid Ul eed
nö Ai ts .gieri Yo wir tug Qeum Mew elf ein’ gant ane vow
“fee Intten. Sin baosen aff nen evom wl qibro eg eorg
ft? To arcleian. „et et ew ,yab ered sen tC Gaut wit quer
eee ccm Bm of anew ow hehbulernce bra ,tt w oetvatte nba
tdi kh esw tl on noon eh .eLwo® we lw wack ede ve eee
*

enough to see, we went ovt, and found an enormous gray wolf
endeavoring to gnaw his own leg off above the trap. As we
approached him, he gave up, like a whipped evr, and allowed
us to knock him on the heau. We despoiled him of his scalp,
to present to the proper officer, to obtain the cartificate
entitling us to the bounty, and then felt we had balanced the
account with wolf number one.

it was not long after this when the varmints again de-
Spviled us of ovr property. We heard a terrific squealing
in a field in front of the house and on looking out, saw a
wolf with his teeth fast in the throat of our only hor. 1
was me only one at the house who could use a gun, am the
only gun leaded was a little shot gun, charged with oird shot.
1, however, went fur him, and so long as 1 had defence petween
us felt as bold as a lion, and yet 1 an clear to this day that
my hair was a little stiff. I was only fourteen, and this
was my first wolf, without a trap on his out.

Grand Blanc was seven miles from where the trail to Sagi-
naw crosséa the Flint, at which point, at the samc of which 1
write, trere was a little lug hut, in which & wan by the nese
of Jacob Smith kept whiskey and a few govas to see tu Indians.
Seon af ter we began plowing at Grand Blane, we orvke a yoke,
and haa no auger suitable to make a new ore. 1 Was put upon
@ pony, and sent to see if 1 could not procure one of br. Smith,
On my way down, I snot a degen or nore pigeuns, anu on arriv-

jl.

Ter “aw evocrion® Ge Lrvel ans ,J ue INOW OF . Ree OF MyvOtS
a +t oe wiz @yece Vue gel mero eli weak of menen
bewolls bie Avo Legqinw o ef1L . Qu evan of ,matd befonutggs
Gee aiff to mid beléegeed oF eee al? oo mid doord oF we
se als tate of ,teptTio ieqow eff of tneeriq oF
oid beunried eed ev S10) vem bea .ysnued ene? OF ww gtilsisne
me ‘edaun Jiow er assess

“0b giane etairmey er) node aids w2ta anol som sew 24
AAA oitivie o buat of Xf teqeng 3290 Yo % Polivge
A wae ⁹ otidvol go bee eeuor ods to snett mi bles? « ah
i «gat Ylao we Yo ene ere mi dead een att, www Liew
eng Lue e 4 eau bivoe ony saver wis sa ono Ins ow ear
ome tia diiy cogtede ,num Jose O1434i 4 saw lesavd muy (ine
none sunvtes bai 1 en ynol os fem een wi) teow ,sovewd 2
tals. yab bind of wwelo a 1 toy boa ,0ii «2 as dled se Field ab
~ Bits: bra ee et “ino env 1 «Tite eit? ch 4 ea Tiel eel
tow) eff ce gates #4 Joedeuw , Thow 20547 Ye ome

“inal of Links oie e ao nt eolie cevee eew Goal Sime
Ir 2 og eee te , debited? soeeqm wet
on 4) 4G wes oie od ott gol eitrll « eow o7me ene
eOnmsdberl od wee 42 epevy we? 6 baw yodaldw sqod citia® dovel. Zo
ORO) „ edine of ,onelé wre) rn anivel@ naped oF aes aoe?
Nun 2uqg eae L „ t +a: 2 vde & eleativue segue on yet om
dBi ocs bo aw weiive wy fon Glew 1A Dk 008 of 206 Sam , UI @
“Wr wo wis eee oC ca te ee « dou 1. awok yee Cee

he

—
ing, 1 found the river's dank full of Inaians, having a gener-
al yowwor. Oe af tha man, se ing my fame, told me he had
been havine a three days' drunk, and he must have my piseons
to make some Nabolee (which is Chippewa for soup) 1 demurred
to this proposition, as 1 was a littie proud of my string of

birds and desired to take hem home. He, however, insisted

he must Rave Nabolea, and as I started for my pony) whieh 1
had left, at the ford a hundred yards above, he fot hola with
eno hind of my string of birds, while I also had hold of them.
The trail up which we were foing ren along the mergin of the
river, the bank being Pron Pour to six feet above the water.
Presently 1 got him betveen me and the bank, then suddenly ran
against him with all the for ce I could bring to bear, and tum-
blea him over into the stream: 1 did not wait to see whether
he got out, but the squaws and the sober Indians fuifly shout-
ed with laughter at Qessicgut"s failure to obtain a free lunch.
Il meuunted my pony with my pigeons intact, and arrived howe
safely. 1 Had sche misgivings on the ‘subject, lest I may
have made an enemy of “Qéssicgut, d“ when 1 next met him, he
was perfectly friendly, and acknowledged he hed received but
his just desserts. n *

Tha next tie 1 had “ovgadion te Visit this lovallty some
true yels’s liter, a fow people lad verun to settle at Saginaw;
among them, Colonel David Stannard, who had started a Par on
the Tittavawdssie, a few miles above Suginaw Tity. Fe removed

f 8.3.

enen @ Muival .eepitel ts iid dns © weit, oc? dq? dee
har ed oc ite? (ewig ee ee eee aoe Oo? De on | -werveg Ja
So ys oved faum ed ora ,anuth ‘eqeh eel! e weet oped
beusaest { (cous tol, aweqq ii 4! foiny) eplodal, ewes oda of
Jo arte ce We cuetme ei teil a eer [ o8.,NOsP Aeaqgor”g eh Of
beveieni . evewd . sil erent cel! e4ed of periate bue sirid
I setae dot te 207 Deriate | ea brye Sestone eva + cuered
Net Ble! sas ef „ Aveda ere bono „ Pro? eo caste! Lei
mets 16% bhedt bet oele J elfitw .abrid te mists «ch Te one eco
erfle teh nter Af efoda ret Qriom etter er iis it~ qu List) eff
„en ay etece Foot REO wh WH wort Bn lew Sred ate. , ws
far Yitebove wets ,dnac oy bie om Heerted eat fey dene
ni bak (1sed WF arlW Livos 1 evn? af? ile dete cd Parley
seltteity ef oF sim toa i mente ede» es vl yovormit) bedd
ane (IMA eee wiee oY tne seeups on? J40 , tuo Fo, BH
Meret sot 2 wr isedo of elim) at fupbleesD 32 eln Ale
Quoi bovis bea ent enceglg (a naive qaey Yo Solow
‘wer Daeul feetdus al? no sgntvigete: e e +4 Iles
OP, mid Pec sua I ee. 206 tee Yo yeone’ ne ebew evet
Nn Lovienes Sat of nb (vowdon boo .¢ Doneint yitostig ome
eee Fant eit

Gems vPilsaul ett). P281V of rolendys bat J ead fae a?
searntcger 2c ett). oF mimes bat #elyooy eel 8, Tee Rb etter Gove
AO reren bet wt) tset bivac Peale? ,@ea Bip
bevowr: off eee stu! ovodm Saftu vo? a , cleaned cesT OP

bd

there from Detroit, at which place he had left his only davgh-
ter at school. She, hrecomine any ions to join her parents rot
as far as Grand Blane on her way, and there learned that the
rivers were unfordable and the roads impassible. 1 volunteer
ad to take her down the Flint in a canoe. The Journey Was
too lone to aceomplish in a day, and there was not a house on
tie route for a hunured miles;—I was about sixteen, and )iss
Stanerd about the same age, therefore, a manifest impropricty
in our CGanping on the Journey alone. Sister Funice, at that
tire at home, volunteered to aecumpany us on horseback from
rana Blane to the Plint, and there camp with us; she tu re-
turn home, while Miss Stanard and 1 aniburked for the voyage as
S COH as it was light enough ro see. fe made the Flint in
Gova season, ana in looking for avconmoedastions for our party,
the best we goula Pind was along side of a fallen tree, near
where is now an iron bridge, soanning the river, ana the cen-
tre of a busy city of ten thousand inhabitants.

Miss Stanard and myself started down the river ma Sister
Runice for Grandi Blane with the horses at daylight. Ve made
our way down the Flint to its junction with the Shiawassie,then
duwn the Shiawassie to its junction with the Tittabawessie, nd
up the latter seven miles before sunset, a distance of a hun-
dreu miles, and I have since claimed it the guickest voyage on
record, and that 1 was the first white man or boy to navigate
those rivers. Miss Stanard afterwards became the wife of

36.

-tnteyh wba 2:t tel Mat @! eoale wothiw 2h) Bloeted mT eran?
fo" atet@aed «ed not Of stotxee Sateen | 6AR too fee te ee
m ? @ef% bentael e989 bun , ew ted no’ oral End er an? as
nnn lo I Melee been eit beth een Mew anevi4
wet Nanu, eT ‘Bonne 2 vd Oat l® er? Wat tet Ofer? of BO

PO seve « f.ar-enw etme ona) val o ml feliqvuwmnss oF Nut em?
n bee ,freeixte 2vads ene I—-j soli sown o 1a? stret ene
VISL1GOTHSL CHM ines BS „eee .O80 wwe OY suede wiaras®
fad) fm ,@oiau§ r92ei8@ =. orole yan, aw oo gilq aed ao m4
port doetee midi HO @4 eipgmmets of bereetnulev .emed fa oahe
ei eine (44 fidiw nne eno brie ,2nthi e439 OF ONL nne
OR Cuatov. oe a beiirades I baw siamese ses olisis , oouil ate
oh 108lT grit obam oF +090 of eee éiipal daw 24 on OOO8
end 100 16% enGiladowponen to) anidsoul i Oha ,fweses Qo0R
tnedt .onwd valle? » Yo Bite Nnole ane beat clue ev gags oe
ene ef bee .wvls Off Hulinige.,eghitG orl na won «ft Stele
-einezidainl huevos nes Yo yee quud & To eng

Tegeif org ieyvin eat nwab Desiste Pleero baa beenssR “eal
Chae oF aasee tm seavor ot dtdy onala eee to? eognal
fed? elvsswetif oz Hen nut eff oF un ety Mh yaw awe
bm pSlewpwedes iT eff eee noltsonut 2! of oteasnesi? els cvub
-furt „ lo esnateis & ,Soerus eroled selim neves vetzal aft qa
He eee Je@dotuy at? si Demiais eonts eval 1 bia ,eelim bow
vn of vod ww mam ofsiw tent? , caw | tate bak eee
to clin off enseed ebiqwiedta eee eeth enen seul?
*

Morgan J. Drake, a prominent lawver of Oakland County, d she
Jivei and died in Pontiac.

As my mind reverts to this by-gone time, incidents occur
to.my memory that at the time were exciting, but may not inter
est the present generation. At the time of whieh 1 write,
there was opposite Detroit, in Carada an agency of the tit
ish Goverment, that Purnished all the Indians living on the
peninsular of Michigan with an annual outfit of evarythin
they were supposed te require in their mode of life. To an
adult ale, a rifle with powder amd balls for a year's supply;
a three-point, Mackinaw blanket; tomahawk, scalping knife, ete.
To the women and children, articles in kind, suitable to their
wants, were furnished; but, to receive these articles, it sas
3 for each regipient to be personally present. This
contingency invelved an annual pilcrimase of all the Indians
to Canada, and of course all living North of us had to pass
ovr house, going and returning. We had been so well used by
our neighbars, the Grand Blanes, that we had but little dread
of any others. It was mw uncommon circumstance for hundreds
of them to dap about our house of a night, — on one oecasicn,
the bani of Saginaws, whose Chief was 4a powerful man, noted
fur ferocity anong his subjects, and had, himself, with knife
and tomahawk, summarily executed some of his tribe for offen-
Ces 2@8inst his laws. Then he would camp there, wit) a hun-
dred or two of his braves, we did not acknowledre any fear but

34.

eft Sie trot bral et. saewed Srentaew « ,etet® 1 Wheel
„nee wh baie Gae bevel

In: ene er ente non eee GAP wW beer eee
ne fod tete enen er tes ce tals qeamm yo?
I ieee lo ome ets aA ath) (#87008) sreeeng e Lee
“F255 O47 Yo ebene te .edbated mt „tar e¢isoace v ie Cored
er? % miivil @reiind ols (dp peti net aes d Jeontreved da
nee Te 2 Mowe Dru ne Adiw negictell) Yo wedyerteney
im vt wTiET 16 einen “iat 1 o1fepen of Leevg ot. ere yoy
Sela d May 4 tel tee aim tepwoy ditzy ellis neoplasia
02 .oTi Gk ea er ,awigicow: ,Jodreid Werden 6 Pbug seo? 2
r «2 Oloatite „ brad at evivitra eln she oom eR
Gey 5: . atin id ce eeele blen oF Sua iboteinws ote ens

.

ea Seowerg welisitesim a of tastete cise wil ness
Stetrrf otf [Le Yo Gaecivtlia: Launre me boviovwi. yousygelamee
"@eeq of Hed ev de sene giivil Lia cunwos Jo, sen, abaned of
20 ben { Low we Heed Dat oF = = -qniniwele’ Ins eee Seno seo
“Biorb ACH iL fod Aad ow sets ,senade orawd ait , B400ty iat wo
‘Sherri 10 sonss ewes eee of caw 21. . .etedto qa Te
„be eno 16 —( finite fo lo genet Wo soda gems ot, weit Do
ben e Leeb e # eae det every . eee TW anes wd
Wind ei een „ bat bre ,espeteus ald Nenn 4 047 aw
Nee xi eee eff %O emee betvecne eee eee tam
Nu „ (¢tw et n biluow of and? = = - owal siti gernlege esd
Joa, een ee eybelwomioe ton bib ow enverd wit Yo. ont e ee

«ot

.
J ' were adus gaau when they left.

„

Cle weve there at one tine wien, Just vefore night, sume
ol Sue youngsters Giscoverea a bee tree that 1 had alreauy
found ald aa put our park upon it, ana was waiting the proper
Seasun Ww GUT 1t don Anu renove the portion containing tlhe
begs and honey to the hvuuse, in order to save the swaims it
Might produce. The buys lau the tree nearly n before we
were aware of it, but Brother Rufus rushed out in time to
drive them off tefore it fell. He then induced the old Chief
to go to the’ tree, and showea him ovr mark. he at once or-
dereu the boys to leave, out at the save time told Rufus the
boys lad al sweet tooth, anu’ it would be well to Keep an eye
open’ for them. In the nicht, some of us*heurd the tree fall.
Rufus now rund ‘himeeif with’ a-club;) but tefure he reached the
fallen tree they had opened av hele into the honey, and were so
bersistent tlat jo was compelled to knoch some of then over

wi tit his club. #8 were a littie fearful uf retaliation, but
the Old Chief told the boys they were served just right,—that
it was the white man's tree as much as his horse was his own,
us it was mrked, showing the priority of discovery. This
alu Chief, Kishacaco, was soon after this ovcvrrence arrested

for killing one of his band in the eity of Detroit, and ime

pris On Disgusted with-confinement,’ he took poison, and
died in jail. In a Arurfken row an Initan Imd used his knife
too freely and killed a comrade. „ @ouneil had deen held by

88

’ Pel cite) ert wely’ ey arly! eee

Ora FARA Ori vw reul eu sail ae Je Wed? wrow Cay
hewtte bet i CAT CONF Get 2 CO Te WOES Giseseginuy wis Wo
Jeqguie @12 ene suv ona een Moye 4184 Wwe Jud awl ae pit
owls Qiao wilted @1/ S6v¥oee Bia TWO 21 706 ww mWete®
$f eave vir avds O8 tee TL , eee GI? oF enen one goed
Oe 81UlOd new (Lie bent els Lael ee MIT ett Taga
od O82? ni 2u0 Dederradluk saedget4 god ee le etteae oten
Ferd Blo gis Looidnt wets of 1101 fi stole De wedtr evind
10 domo va 0. -AM aa 100 aif bewold Sue , 8673 82 oF oy we
O42 sult Dlop smis Gras wif te sud ,ovael 2 eyoo em uedieb
e «a York oF (Luw og sliver 31 une, oat Peeve « dul eyod
+£iai dors Gi? bieet es To noe ,Figtt ons ai Sod? Adi ege
Od Et: vast at eile! sus youdis 6 Ure Tiewert: bates soroen tet
oefeday San yonul eros: eloi's bene yo pet ved evar ein
Seve ner ee oath Weord or belliynow ow ol tale seeselere
nellen Yo fern elz/eh wp ever oP) | .duhotaid Meg
Nette. 2:1 Tel beview O16w yoo? eyoo off bint taidd L1G wi?
% 28 wev Gere of be ‘lou ep oft! eee eee ofy saw pe
Sta lerne tt Tie Grinebiqg ef? yrivote , Letina eaowdl te
D eee eee ee Lbrir «lle nove enw ,voapantelt Testo ole
aml Lo slated to ene e «te deed et Qovenoyanelgen **
rr
S wit heat! fe tut „e wet enen Liest u bate
reren

N * +. 114

tie lraenus of the Killed and the killer, and agreement aue
to settle the damages; and as tne payment was aovut to be
maue@, O44 hishagace walked up to tne murderer with his toma-
hawk in his hand, and with a single blow killed him dead. The
parties expecting compensation complalned, and declared it
contrary to Imam daw, which aidowed of sugh offenses being
cumpromised, by agreed compensation. tne OA Chief, with
Much Gdienaty, informed them that tle daw was changea.

1 return to the dee tree, in order tw state the wonderful
results. We nailed a board over tie hole naue by tne beys
into we heney, sawed of f the tree aouve aid beluw the bees,
muleu it upon d sled tu tie house, and set li Up in gur yara.

At tie erm of the firss year we hau saved four swarms, from it,
and at tie end of the third year, we nau fifty hives of sees,
ana aaa furnisheu ere or less to neighbors, why Kau by thas
bite gun ty Serle about us, lL een, avubt but that that
svar are tue progeniters uf all.tile bees now in Genéssee Coun
, 4ithneugh tue relation to seme of whem is remere, as chat
Warn was foun, in our. yard over. sixty .yeaurs ago.

1 an Of tie opinion nat tat regiun, in those days, Came
as rear fiowipy with milk and Qungy as any voter. lt was 80
abundant, tlat varreis full of straineu honey stova in vur cel-
lar until it den Bu selilu Fat 1. Mia bY be cll» it in
biock&. Tine beeS6wax was made anty cundles, ana ve useu_no
other light. Our indian neighbors were seluou without honey

30

bn POmesw « ong , Tedi.d arty one BOlliA wile Bo eugmads wis
Oh OF FU. 8 aw BNORYy ©). 8h eee eee Os Ca d}Oe e
~avmed @hti (ise eee ods of qu wmAdaY CeaueNetA Fie . erat
i> .beeh ain oeLlid wols Olante a2 isiv bun , dm 266 nk Awe
{4 BOW ed Siw ., DONLAL gm Neils oe @qmoe BAHAsoMac Beis 1 my
NAU wepnvito dove lo bowedin icice , wad een oF een
= . tesny Bie mi MOL eee HeO1gs (GO. eee
ORD offs 844. 04 saig ge onerelas . vw dime dou
Nenner an) Ofede of Woot 4s „ 8057 900 oe OF waves |
B18 Os 4G Owen Gioll Ou teVO 21a « bolint OF = .esiver
92Ou wid euled due Si vee Coll wis lle veovae , Gene! oo) ont
RU We a Ql 2a Jee one ,eeued wid oY OLe » equ Zi peiuad
ot ky (7a), Surber ew 240) coves ami Ow tom, 18714 ol lo mre wid JA
BPG Dy geval “lls Bet ow ateoy eee Gad Jy bene mil ge bite
EEE AG SSL oer eee 4s geek oy ie ewlesiin) de oop
Sade fey cud tou eh even i -6U (UuCR Qg<idlve W Huee eas
Pils Cf 4s Ou HA Yer 6098 ms Lis To eee ee Oe erin Re
as os ,OCGNeG 66.00 Jv ative, ow iwiioiot ens Weve ds otf
— VNB eee eee ene, Daag i460 e sgt] een
re 494 14 „een e Jaid enn ass le om 4
OR Of fl -amilv Lim ee Yeoun- ine Abia ty im gedwes), whet oe
=feo “Hiv Hd trde (atl sendense do diy) ShO19tOnd ele Soaks
Ri fume 000 Ol wt say, 24 tm 241ee 0s -o9tenes 71,4 i-ne tal
At HO! On <b» , eRbbU.0 wlils woes Cae avenged wit 2 4
e eee ao. ioe, view een ene 40 nee gee

taken from trees in the forest. 1 have known an Indian boy
to find twenty bee trees in à day. They hunt them in the
monthsof March and April, while there 15 6till snow upon the
ground. The first warm days the pees d their house ecleanirg.
Dead bees, moths, and everything interfering with their ideas
of neatness is tumbleu vut, and reauily seen upon the snow,

I find that 1 am digressing, and not progressing with our
history, 80 I will now relate my first speculation, or busi-
Mess venture, which occurred about 1346.

Our eldest brother had married. We had divided the farm
and stock, creating two interests instead of one, —had built
another house, and were, in fact, two families.

It was winter,and the cattle were feeding at a hay stack
put into a square pen made of logs, some of which were so far
apart tlat a cow gov her horns fast between them and was hook-
ed down by the herd, and died. As 1 have already said, the

country was full of wolves, and I wanted the carcase of this

dead cow for wolf bait. Rufus wanted her for the seme pur-
pose. I offered him fifteen dollars for her, although she
was, when al ive, worth mt ten. Ke finally acceptea the of-

fer. When she was divested of her hide, I hitched a pair of
oxen to her horns and snaked her through the brush to the mar-
@in of a tamarack swamp; drove stakes through the carcase,
fastening her firmly to the ground, then set half a dozen
steel traps, that we kept on hand to sell to the Indians, on

67.

vod ma ibni «» cwornt evan I enen a2 mt seots owl needa?
@iz wi ait enod deter . I 2 mi seat! fed «ieee? bit of
et? nog one (ilveel ete!) site ,fi1qgA bow Asa Jogmifnee
“Biinasio sever cial? @ goes at? eysh maw zeuil eT Snooty
esee@bi een (fom anitetiete! acid? \teve® ben eee ;eoed Laod
-wooe @) coqu néose YLivnest bee 200 welamul oi seetrag: To

swo Aviv grievedpony fon boa , pibesotgid me Ll tmis mrt ft
-leud 9 vo ,mvistalvoege textt qo etalon wou [ite 1 o8 ,Qwieit
eel tv0da berivocey doiriw e tene 44 et

man et bebivid bat oW 8§=.dbetiiam bai smite teehle 10
thiud banh— , %% To De et eseorweinl ows gniseerd , doors bra
-sotliimst ow? ,Jeat ai ee baw , esuai seieons

Mate yori 2 fa Fates s1ew Mens eit Sig, welnis eaw 22
787 ov ien dolce Toe eas ,sgol lo eben neq etaupe B vent JG
ent enw Dra api? nemeted feat enied ved son woo 4 talt 2abge
ads .bine Yhawile ovat 1 oA . D brim , Died of? yo awod be
mitts 1% % % oft bernew 1 buna ee lo [idl aaw deus
—40q coun of2 12) 10d betner ov tun -tiad Tiow tol woo baad
ote eee ee .ten ict etallob eee en mid pereTio | - 0
To orl) Dasqeoor Uliantt of 9s tad Mtew ,evile awiw . een
70 ting „ beloiin I ,epid tei Yo Bavesvib enw ofs cede 0
“16m otf ©) Aout off aqvowi? ter bedleme bes errvort ie of méxo
„ten oft! dquowls eatete evoth ,qaewe Apataem? @ Yo ly
ohe Tied des mes (deem, ol? of yLenit aed gnimeteat
fo ene tb er of es of Bnet ao dei ow tat? ,eqatt Leste

v

all sides of her. 1 went out the next morning, following the
trail 1 had made, sne&king the carcase, and 1 soon saw from the
tracks that my invitation had been accepted. As I approached
the swamp, I could hear the rattle of chains, the el ink of
Steel,anu the cracking of brush, in ail direstions. It seemed
tu me that the swamp was full of wolves, drag ing traps. 1
Found and killed five full-grown gray wolves,whose scalps were
worth fifty dollars; and with this same bait, 1 afterwards got
three more wolves, two foxes, and a lynx, so that my first spec-
ulation was quite a success, considering it had but a dead cow
for its basis.

Lest 1 forget it, I will here add an historical fact that
may not be generally known. The wolves in Northern Michigan
continued so abundant that it was impossible to raise sheep up
to 1331 or 1882. About that time, the smallpox prevailed
among the Indians; who, when one of them was taken,would aban-
don the sick one, and flee to somo other locality. The sick
one, after using up all the water left for him, wovld crawl
down to the creek and die there, and be eaten by wolves. Af-
ter that, the wolvas all disappeared, and were unquestionably
poisoned by the food on which they had fed.

I was, by this time, about sixteen, and had not seen a
school for years, nor had 1 come in contact with those from
whom much was to be learned save my elder sisters, but 1 began

34.

edz unis Me Ae Run on? tow tems I tei 10 dle (fe
on? amit wae aooe I ba ,@envtno 8? BikAnte , Olt ben 114160
bedoso1gyn I eA ses fosd ben mae ent: ya Feat ne
1 Un e ed? ena to 1 „t etd) A Ie 1 „ on?
bomons 71 een ile N „Mund Jo witdoasy eat ieee 6810
i enn, t - „ d0viow Yo 10% daw d alr false Gu oF
e1py „as batte soviow Yorn No- LH evit rl brea e
on bn toe ft „ d n ele is Lud :etaflob (Ptr? arabe
ee 2612 yu 2609 ce (keel 2 Ni set owe , eeVlow abe daily
0 bias 2 gud bed ‘1 antrsbienod ,bosnoue 4 del eer olle
* 1 * 1% ast 40
Ft Jon? Leolibield na bla ore 11% 1 % 1 1 4%
nad n Nc fi dete ar o See Be don yam
Qu Gottes 661% of od kes ee 6% 1 lt abba be" neo
Were xoqitane ee ee sant eee et 26 Leet e
en Pubs , ne r woe mers To eno Rats „ ont „ cn t ee
nene ur erste tete o od be bad en Mie %% tab
e bindw ee 11 Nel sta wis (le gu Wied rita ee
eee te nene fa dnd é cette oth bre 4%. wit oF n
anot t sehepnü dan ten , Dee b [ic re ots gare Seb
„el bad vats Ait no n Wade ve erte 10g
„ eden bet bim eee eee ant? ect! yo een
moet eee Atiw ee et nt eee I ont Yen eee sd? eee

moned I fom .etetete webbie wm evre boreal of of tew Aten mite
* a ne ee

va

te realize the necessity for some knuwleage of the world and
vivalisation and such euucation as was taught in their scnools.
1 suggestea to my parents the propriety of my attending a
schie in Detroit, for a term, and althovgen | was much needed
at nome, being the anterpreter of the family. and manager in
Seneral of our intercourse with our Indian neighbors, it was
decided nat 1 could go, if ways and means could be provided.
Aitiivugh 1 was in possession of certificates entitling me to
seventy-five dollars for wolves 1 had destroyed, they were not
available until the taxes were collected and paid into the
treasuries. Therefore, I must fina some place where the work
1 could do cut of school hours would compensate some one for
my board and ludging. My Mother prepared my mearre vardro de,
the vest she could,-making for me a coat, of which I was rather
proud. 1t was made out of an Indian blanket, and colored vith
the bark of a butternut tree. The berk 1 had stripped from
the tree myself and helped to boil it down to extract the eol-
oring matter, and when the blanket was immersed in 1, 1 though
the color artistic. A pair or two of extra moccasins were un
into my little bundle, ana 1 started off with high hopes. Zz
nad not, for years, worn other foot cuvering than moccasins,
and had a pair which 1 intended for dress oceasions,- orna-
mented with beads and porevpine quills, anu 1 thought them
tony.

on arriving at Detroit, 1 went to the Steamboat Joel,

39

bon biser ai! Yo anvelvond mews 10T yrlseseoon of estliah
Slowive whet owt tues ems «« MOlleouse AVUO ity Meat aeil avy
A Miiitietia wa lo yreinyoru wt enen Ee oF eee *
Db en een saw [ eee bow eee e el eee ma ene
eee baz eee oct? To eee eee eee een
au $2 ,@tvddvlon mont sue ele een weer We eee
-boniverg oc bivuco snnem one ten Ti . 0% DI 1 tent ene
ut em grilsisue ert ee lo motesessoy ni Bow b eee
fon aes veds ,beyemiteeb bert 1 sevlow l sinliod evit-y? opves
oA? ont wiag baue Lelesiluo siew evant ote Lirty elanlizvn
Ne Aco nen Gealq Oowe coi? zeum i ,eroleTedT .esiivese Ww
wt de ue Denen Liuow enen eto to %% vb eloos I
De orbits execs ve beraqarg relso"% ve =. gnigiel bre ised ym
Ane n eev. 1 doidw to % n om 101 geidem-,bluvo @le facu org
fils hoselo ban ,teinaia mathe! ma Yo [ue eben saw tl eee,
Moy vogqinee bet I axes edT eee tunpeteud a to seed Ong
Lee oN? tontsae of mwob #t Liod of Daten pen esta sen edz
Mavets J, 7 ni beatpmet aey sednaia edz mode tne eee AM BNiny
4 PLOW, ee eee BItKe To ows I Ting A ,ObTeds 1B GOLOO Miz
i eegol igi diiw To berrase f ona ,elbmvd eissil ym ofns
eee tte? yndIeVeD, 100? n ο nent TOR , on bar
Arte , NOD en wit bebwetms | Hote 120g „ bel bem
vmeite eee I Lue ,eliiop entquetog dae ehaed, 1? ty seamen
4 ne;

„ een et ans of trew tene ta guivinie ad

whieh all vid residents of Detroit will remember was for meny
years K@ye vy Captain benjamin Wovdworth, and wis the favorite
iivsteiry of the city.

i at once ¢gommenced canvassing the city to find some one
wanting the services of & boy to do shores out of school hours
tu pay for his board and lodging, as my money was nearly en
aus ten. I was taken in at the house of ar. ateh, who had
wwe listtie chilaren who were attending a scho in the imme-

uiate vacinity of the one 1 had selected, and tlie sunditions
were that 1 shovld act as a kim of dry nurse te these chil-
aren. My services to the children consisted in seeing to
them te ana Prom school, and carrying them in my arms across
Jefferson and Woodward Avenves. In those days those streets
were ¥1G@, muddy roads, and not an unusual sight to see warons
mirea in them. 1 wiil here aad that some years after 1 lived
neighbor to one of these chilaren, who hed become the wife of
A.B.Matthews, of Pontiac, and hed the pleasure of taking her
to ride in my carriage, instead of carrying her in my arms.

1 found my city schoolmates predisposed to poke fun and
jokes at the boy from the back woods. My butternut coat, on
which 1 had prided myself, and even my best muccasins came in
for a share of their ridicule;—but 1 had the nerve not to be
discouraged, and paid the closer attention to my studies, anda
the memory of the teachings of my elder Sisters enabled me to
stand at the head of my class ere long. While at school, 1

49.

(eet Loh on f en Ehie si:vis0G ‘eo arnepleuet 210 lin tow
Of vet et! cov ban) désewbu of mimetuindt nsAtqad to sQek been
„n „„de vti ede
One ere nbn.) of (210 aun Qrsevcerae beonemnps sone fe i
Site feotioe Yo feo eee © 02 yoo & bo eesfyi08 et Wii tneW
“<9 “itnen env groom. et en , Biehl. bane ace 2:4 tw coq oF
bad orlw Heer. 2 Powernt ace 12 ni Mass sev 1 _oateaan
nl oft ci lle 8 Balbressa ten offw aeveline sitati owl
ewitivnas eds bre phetoeies bart i ano edd Wo _gsimlery edes»
elite pee? v2 oer «wk to ondd © e8 898 Menne i ¢atz dne
of een mi seteianvs Nee off of asodviee (it Cow
nes Bate ye mi ene Aniquise co , loose asd ona 08 meds
AP pete gevils evow sees od .. .80urevA Dagwboot bens noseseTlelb
Won See of Zane laveuns ne son Lome ,4bR0" YOR , C42) OTOP
bevai i verte „ee n fan? doa ero fiiw et al penis
i nin ait owned bed odw enen cuore: Yo eno Of swodpeen
Gen ociAs?t to eweeolq eit ent bre ,oaisnes Io. ,eweistat 6.4
-Prie ve ol sed grigtses lo heogent enen (oR, obis oF
bag oct} aeg oer becoqgeiverq see atioorisa ys au ya savor i
mo ,fnen fvunsettud 4M .eboow, dowd ed? mort yod. ed? te sedol
MA n anlengowm feed yo neve bas eta bebiag bari I Asda
Od OF fo eveeny eit bad | tus—-jelusioin sheds 0 ei ala a aad
una, ,e@lbirte ca uv) det tee gold os biog. one , Seneiwesekh
% Of Aenne ateterh table ym to eynideses at? Yo quomem eng
L givotive tn oli? Nl 1 „„ le d Je seat. ait 2a epee

founa my Indian edueation of service tu me. Some of my In-
Alen friends were hunting near enoveh to the city to geome
there to sell the furs and skins they were accumulating. They
suon found i was there, and would come to me to aid them in
their sales. They found 1 could do better for them than they
Guvia do at the old Indian trading posts. There was, at this
time, a Store standing all alone on the Northwest corner of
Jefferson anu Woouward Avenves, kept by F. p. Browning a So.,
with whom I made an arrangement to bring them all the Indian
trade I could, Cor a gommission of ten per cent. From this
svurce, 1 was enabled to renew my wardrobe, to discard thea but
ternut-colored svat, and, with some regrets, 1 elanged ny moe-
dus uns for boots, which, for a time, were unpleasant ,for their
extra weight and clumsiness. My sounissions also gave me
pocket money, ana enabled me to be the dispenser of nuts and
andy, and had I not discarded my favorite coat and moceasings,
I have no doubt 1 would still have had subservient followers.
This was my last term at senool. 1 have often regretted that
my educational opportunities have been so mearre; yet obser-
vation, intuition, and attrition, have enabled me to see some-
thing of the world. 1 remenber once, when cominre from Furope,
being im the smoking room of the steamer, where were conrre-
gu ted a lulf-duogen young men, all college graduates, from dif-
fer@nt institutions each fansying the school from which he
cane, the best. Presently Tho question wee asked me where 1

41.

ot! yi Fo er? ‘OM Bf „ ivi5e YO noed marten] vor bevel
ome oF «iis off @f meter tH]3em yeaheah avee eheint sale

yen? Ine e uemook , vets ent % Bra ex? os Ihes of eens
ni won? Pin oF wa OF Smoe ifnow bre , eters) ene i anwo) dove
vets mar eer sot % e ob Livos .. knw edt -@olze sim
e $A ose oral? 380g Jathaw alba bho etd 28 vs Sivoo
10 enter Jaewis well ode wm onole ifw gthbouse owose a peabé
„ee & Anicrvewa.4.7 Yar tcet , ceundvA siaesog? oe soonetiet
Maibet eis (le cwodt grind of Snemegnatio na ober | aedwiddiv
six! wx inge 0g a92 Yo noise t £610? „en 1 exet?
eee leeren of eden ym enen of een tew i eee
en e eee 1 . eee eee eee eee HONOL be e ννẽ,]
TOA? 262, „ ee ener . ents eee eee ee eee wt eee
reren
Bae een Ww eee eee af? oo oF e beldane ive eee eee
MALO Law favo o@ltwvrl (a hebiscveid fon 1 Sai bee eee
BTerel lol tusivinedne bet oval Aiteea Bicow 1 @dvev on @va i
gah? bettas: neste eval i fooune 20 ener deak qo suv act
“30400 39% (O'S ERG ve Nees Oval eee eee ene LanoiteoRe tm
“Onde oc8 oF Or Leldane oval ,nossineta bre , witilorns ere
oqo 14 wont wteros aeiw , coro sedaparr [ biwe ew To giv
S99 1H eT Ow Siew eee als To mot Quétome wile mt ofeed
“Tab pwr” ges emlLam onellos Lin ,nes animy nexed-Tlal » berks
et acite ot ivoetos ole wiiyerad dove-, snosvull suns anne

L @reivy G8 totem one CoLeeeap at ehenesasS . stood off yale

-»

was Oiuecated. 1 had to acknowledge the only professor i had
Studied umer taught only the Chippewa language, anu the only
athletic games at our school were paddling birch-bark canves,
anu shooting with the bow and arrow.

At the end of the school term, 1 returnec to Grand lune
anu helped my father with the farming, but the little inter-
vgourse I bad hau with the world while at s¢houl had a tendency
to awaken in tie d desire for a more exciting life than that of
fam: ing.

Our Father had made it a rule to keep none of his ela-
Gren at home longer than they chose to stay, and when 1 d
him that I would, with his permission, seek my Purtune in the
settlements, he did not object, and only warned me of his ina-
bility to give me an outfit. Of tris 1 was well aware, but
nothing Gaunted, 1 mounted a pony, which was the only property
I possessed, and started for Pontiac.

On arriving at Pontiae 1 went direetliy to the principel
store, at that time kept by Newbury & Beach,— Oliver Newbury
of Detroit, and Flisha each, the resiuent manaper. To the
country merchant in those days the Indian trale „as an import-
ant item, and al shough 1 haa nu qualification for business,
from the fact that 1 gould talk Indian 1 was enapied to secure
an engagement, at a Salary on which 1 coulu live and elotie
myself. I remained witli: then for a year or two, pained some
knowleage of beine and off buvkkeaping, when 1 was of fered

44.

bad 2 seseGtoig «iso ers og-oivonios of 1 SbF hora eev
IIe u bor , on cugred dwtqoi at vine fied win veilore
„ent Ateo-u01/0 i e o1ew Louiok qe Je usta vecoddro
~worlD ote wood ete ts ow Aith2 wie sue

-eqel) Sean? ./ vortusen Lb pad fon.ieow off To Lee oy 24
ent abe: ii wis cud een oo Apdw todes? yo boyiet ons
Neon N w bod Lwolow Je elute Blue Our Also 2a) Den 1 BesUOD
Qo sae mulls 1 e ene eres » iv o1lese & Oo at eee 08
“Hel un ed

fits e1tt Yu snow qeed let w 41 oben cot sstiget 100
Bic I few 2 , qatde oF esos ysis care seyret emul 24 Gow
aie ni wis n om Apes , moteeinieg eit ise . Slvow 1 tow min
*afi «id To Om Lortew qino die), TeeL00 FU Die Oh eee ene
Sie ,otmer fier oer i atas 10.20 1deu 1a on Ovid eee
Wmeqonq elite es ew olde ,yneg 8 Letom | , dettused eee
4 f ae 403 ee ee bre eee

Le te e ylteoulb erer 1 eee ren 24 eee no ,

Nubert
aie oF Teyana cuelsesos or ,dene! aleti® one ,tlowed Ie
een Wh enw Quant? moibol wl eybb eval? i) snaoree eee
yeeernievd 14) nvsdwoiliifup on wed eee BAb mom ae
Gidoes of eee sow I maiko] ala! Blue b dad. 200) ele eed
Gijele om eval blwov | Hoiitw no tles „ tm neee fA
Cts co) (ae wo em 8 ee) were iw beanie 1 ‘ices
bore ls aew i tole ,artlgseddnud te ben evolved To en

a mush larger salary to go to Saginaw, to tale charge of a
store about to be started on Green Point, a mile or so above
what is now Saginaw City. While engaged there, I had se
exciting experiences that were commonplace in those days, but
from the wonderful changes that have occurred in the Sarsinaw
Vailey, if 1 narrate them, the present fereration wil) cuovbt-
less pronounce them romances,- but there still live a few
Olu frienas, who were my comrades and associates in those
times, who will vouch for the accuracy of my narrative.

We were a new store, starting in to compete for trade
with the American Fur Company, who kept a score cr more of run-
Ners, whose business it was to often visit every hunting party
of Indians, and gather in all their accumulated furs ana skins.
To get trade, I was obliged to seek it in the same way, arm 1
oceaslonaliy vaude trips to the hunting camps for that purpose,
in the cOnpany of an Indian guide named Wainding. he was a
stovt, able-bodieu fellow, and considered an *A Numper One
sulide. We startea early in the morning, late in the ynonth of
Nov em ber, crossea tie Saginaw River s mile above Sarinaw City,
moved into the heavy timber thet was then crowing upon the
groum where now can ve found Fast Serinew; Prom there, in-
tending to go to a place on the Bay about three miles a en the
coast, frum where there is today another ¢ity of furty thous-
ma peuple. The Indian name of the place of our cestination
was buckquond case. We expected to reach the sump eariy in

43.

so % opts (on ofa OF een en oF of OF Malas wepvel Bion a
ode @8 — Olin @ ,8Rho4% teow oo Beluets w «! J00GR eve
2 ods I „nne bepagne eli? “(2s watti ned Gon ws Jatin
fue ans ee mn: evalqtessson wee 4 ais ene eee Amis ivAO
were os ai rene eved fal se_nade Avivexnew eiy aut
-—sduu (Liw nova ie1eg anette eis mer es@rie: 1 Th , vos
wol @ ovil ii cite exe? tua -,e090nau td «ory conyonow Agel
Gel? «Th Bern voRes Dns aebe-yneD ya ere uitw . eerieivi ulo
-U¥ivuvian va Ye yostvoes eit «4? dogov ilsw ofp, sent?

ee 101 efeqmen of mi Wittete ,@10s6 wor 2 Stfew BF
Din To ten 1O Grove wo den orlw „ yttaqawy wi seolwemA ed? Asie
Nin arizgoudt Yieve @ieiv neato oF sew 21 saettew Gavilw , erent
eoide ora aut besaiucspen ti@w Ade mi wWireg Hon ,ensibni lo
b bua dtn ome ofis mi 41 Anew oF enn een 1 , epat? oom of
s060gtUG fait 17!) eocmes eee eee ell w egand seen U1 leneiunAgsn
B way of „At bent ebium ceianl om to anegann any ai
Sen) secrg A® os boantiencs dna .woiie) cetled-eies , 1109s
Qo mened of Wt ote .aminnioe ade mi lise pottats BW een
WOLD snrige” ovece elim a tovid wertan! at peesot9s,+, 1900 voll
ai’ tegv Qnivot? rede ane tae tei? eve ens usis zovem
“aL eee worl) ,wertina" fee4 aro! of mad won e1edw tes
OF mop Helis aor? en yat ets NO aDAig A OF OF OG yt dante
ee qioul Te ots vettonmm eases «4 eel? 10.6 wrt] ,see0e
Mitr „ „ me Yo enaly ott tv ne nagbng eft. .elqoeeq wp
W e seroegxe er .cun0” MnoupAcul waPY

8.

3 . ö rad Cs

ter took only a biscult or two for a batt ay
Iunch. Accu nine o'clock it commenced to rain and continued
throuin tiie day. AS it began to be towards evening we thourht
{yon time to time we could se it a little lighter ahead, and
would vonoratulate each other on being nearly out. Soon
afain, the forest would become more dense-—our hope disappoin-
ted. Presently, as it heran evidently to gro darker from 2
the approach of evening, we began to feel it ouhtful if we
sheula get through until it would be too dark to rave As
we were plodding along,-1, nearly exhausted with Patizue and
hunger ,-we Came upon a bark shed some hunter had erected to

protect him from the rains. Although we were very lumgry and

wet to the skin, we cone lued it a wise thing to do to make it

our abia ing place for the night. O14 Wainding built up a

rousing big fire, and we rolled ourselves in our blankets to

1
J
*

dream of supper. Ye had no breakfast to prepare next morning,
therefore were on our way at peep of day. The rain still con-
tinved, but we paid but little heed to it, as we expected an
our or two at the most would take us to the Ray shore. Ve
continued to travel as fast us we covld put I was too exhaus-
ted from hunger to meke regt speed, anit 1 fancied the guide 1
acted queer ly. Re was tacitorn and gloomy, evidently troubled
more than an Indian should be for a or hours fasting. 1
finally had fallen a few varas behind the Indian when he, in
Joyful tones, sung, ovt: “Here we are, here are fresh tracks.

44. 7 4
en ; ke A “4 pole oh

ve.-—P¥et e oe BR Peusere o «bene 2G? ote eee ec
DA dus fhe Mint of DRGs Fl kuule*o win Fash TiS ter
+ sheeted al Bhitove «!" ew ed 7 magad FL €A „CU N dale vr?
ings beetle rasar 1 ue ti ane eee tw emia a eye raed
row! -J00 vised teen fo a9 5° tose ey alus autor Liter
-fithiare (hh O wf soe —~rened wim eto Sli Gerwol ae tee
mt cock ver of efter ive cimet 2. en enicreees i

40 92 frmtvdww <1 fan Ge et oF ,Gaireve be enn ow

K Thon of Auro ed bivew ft Lircn mente son ene
Sis euniPeT itiw Barescixne vy Orme: .f-,nnofs ae tibedq eter ow
bY Letoeie Dad «esrcrt en perfa vind A novd eee ev~, een
bee vaamal vagy rae ow coco ts . rtf Wu ert un n
i Ate OF UD Of nist? een ert betet ow mids off ao Fen
an en anfhriia® L010) „eee e 10> c0<b4 maboteneue

OF etoaneic to nt sevleetvo ‘bello: ow bns . 941% G16 gatenes
Ace PaO eres ond OF sentAsord on best OF .100GuN Sb meee
% ies uten et nd Yo qaeq ts ver 10 fo wren anne
HE Peloe|xe ov en tf GF bent eleril tod beg e ou | bounds
ow „Nets vA els oF ot son? luer lees ett (2 ost oo ston
-¢9axe Sof esv ( fud Bhuor ow en 2027 ee Loven? of Geun iene
obtim off (@iere? Liem .beace taets otem at egret en? bee
Spisuers viinebive ,ymvoly bap mrvtios? enmw of «yy freenp paren
riven? atccet ¥o% a aot a6 Dlovete ne tbe meen? eee
ni t new maior! eit bette? emay wed @ golds? Oat enen
een deert on eva oon pw ovale o¢uo anne | eoned) fated

2

We will son be there now. 1, encouraged, hurried up and
overtyuek him, when, surg enough, thera were tracks of two per-
Solis going in the sane direction as ourselves. We followed
tuase tracks for a couple of hunured yards, when we espied a
littie smuke ascending into the air. Ola VYainaing. thinking
we la fallen in with a hunting party, gave a friendly vesl to
anneunce our coning,. When we a@ppreachea, my readers dun
faintiy imagine our Gignay when 1 tell them we found the ¢amp
ana Lire we had left tiat morning at the peep of the day. Old
Waanuing at first was dumb, Pinally commenced to abuse Linself
fer his stupidity. Lt was lucky that tnere are nu ous6 words
in Uhippewa, or 1 fear the wouds woula e been blue with pro-
fanity. he led himself everytning that signified plind-
ne ss. lic was a bat, an owl, a juvenile puppy dog, his eyes
not yet open. “See here,” eaid he, stepping to the nearest
tree, "see what the Great Spirit has placed upon the trees,
that should guade a fool on his course." However, there was
no help, for here we were, and here we must stay another long,
adroury naght. We bed trevellea two whole days and sont one
night and were now to spend another, with a sangie basclit as
ur ona Loud - except Pood for thought - and we knew nut
Were we were, Ye again replenisheu our fire, rolled up in
our bDiankets, this tame to dream of feasts w@ miviit never eat.
As tae sun went down the rein geased, and the veat.er gane
invensee@diy Guia, At daylight we started again upon cur course,

45.

bone qe bolus: een ts, e eon pied od Mint Ghis a
-i9q4 owe Fo «ex: 00! ee ote: l .“PuerO® Nive eee , aA eee
bev utile? oF eee, rr
B belgeoe ev optw „et Lor e Jo eee 4 10% eee ee
Briss? . wiiswidel 149 tie ee offs eee eee eee
een neee « een ede Antvoun # eee ee enen ee er
teh W e een va ee eee ww tie sitowo 200 enen
Qos et eee ow mig ddoo 1 nedw ysarin tuo ee eee yds)
BIO .iAl otf Yo den @s2 ta MN Jo) 219k pal we Ort aut
Mein 64005 of bese m@wo elie) ,aowk aow sana) 46 eee
e 6hUG om OTOH C1018 Jot ydoul ome ft +i £44 Qe @ tee Fe?
OIG (4 ih MUL ee OV art Muew oe On: yee) 1 ane
jbriild belliemlie sais pais yieve tLeemij)jolias od. e
n wal ,nOb ygaug Olinevu, ¢ ,twe Ge Jed & eny olf 2a en
een ei. of griduqygesa oi Kise *. e784 #05! tte Joy ten
peut? efz muqu bepet< ean tiasgh sae of: iwly, ope? , oer
Rey pew! pwysee dee esl My fou) & Obsue Lunia game
Bek WH on Cale eum om sien oro . eo oF Gae Ne? .4 ie
8 eden bon eee eee est gelioven aio eee e
oa a4 Wa iwuae a Wie unh Dean OF mee Jom nne
Pun wns bee. = eee 17 bowl 240980 = godt gine gag
Mi gy dolies ,@eLt wo bode inolges (iaga of ler oF Ge
iO ~H You ‘4n 6 @taeel To meeib of ates cits ,odeduela uo
Pay eee Oke een Be te Sie fe 8 ae
e be fey ee eee ow eee 2A. eee
Ct

knowing full well that if we kept a ave North qourse,and trav-
elea far enciizgh, we must reach the Bay. As we posso wearily
along, the guide still grundled at his own stupidity for hav-
ing travelleu all day in a @ircle, while the signs to guide
him on ® straight course were so abundant. he implored me
not to tell ef our mishap if we got through. He said-even
the squaws woula laugh him out of ¢amp.” About nine o'cloek
we began te see an opening through the timber, and ere long
could hear the surf upon the Bay.

The Indians were en¢amped in e little valley between the
timber and a Sand ridge on the immediate shore. There were
& @ozen or more lodges, and as we appreached, they haa the ap-
pearance of being deserted. Not a soul was in sight, even
the dogs that usually freet the stranger on approaching an
Indian village, were missing; but beyond the sand ridge next
te or on the water, we could hear the most unearthly sereech-
ing and laughter, the barking of the dogs, and exelamations,
from time to time,— “Off here he goes, “There he 18s,
"Don't you see him?" but we were too hungry to inves*icate the
mystery until, first enceavorinrg to get some feod, we made our
* into the largest lodge, Old Fuinaing feeling sure that it
was the home of Shawbosseday, the Queen of tlhe band. de founa
her at home, and made known to her the Fast that we were star-
ving. She at once produced a twelve pound wont that evident-
iy had but just left its native elament, put i. inte 4 big

45.

nne DAR @encud “ete @ub «4 10d ew’) Sete diew Beal wiivan
Nn an ov at ‘qe4 ett cowed tech ae enn FAT betes
“VEN “a ¥fiol gute’ nWO gin se weldmertsa S296 ebiug eA? mots
MWiuy of crgls off SLrow .sieris-a nt “eat Ile walfevart Bri
Se e eh) 8 .sftaknvoe of atew se%0o8 Hi ylave © to mba
ü N ilew ah agudedte roq aw tr oatatm we )) Pier ao! ron
Hood o ain tuada “rte To Fu Min Mawel Klucy ewaupe Ome
Saal ete en ert ers «ots? ede as ose oF Mags OF
eat off mnogu Tove 612 asa! ofvus

GAY nete vel ORG „el „ ce bod % o ere bl eT
Gis, suai toe denten rir fw egbit cote wp bore deen:
Ga eis Beh “Yet? , balvaet oA of toe orm . eeRdDOoL Siem WwW ene e
Nave Siaivte nf are Luce d Fo” .Herveead wie to sotetmeg
A) urtidefoiqd2 fo “twartetta erie foor, yiloer tad? evow wtp
onen Lrine 8.1! Litdyed ric nest Qiew ,egalizrv my
rn Its unte feud otf wt Cluod wm , teree ‘ere ne FOU?
. 8 Sa COA ore , aque wir To Akten ote ent Baa Bl
“el of whet? *\ seo ef erat HO =| any or eae mod
nr oF ectmet eo: @rew ow cvd “td seu voy s eu
Tuo Givi oe fect Goes FOr oF Brttoveetns seal? . lea *yrereva
SL ats Oita prt Cowt matten re penrdt cavytal Ode oéni Wily
oaiut oF obra oY te coeud oft , yaboewddwnts to een ei eae
atite Waew ow fatr t28 one wut oF ptword “ques bis jemi te Tei
SWebiv Lies Yur: Littug evbews @ boovbong “suno Je On l
“Bld » eee eee eri NG tee ee

114

brass tele Piilea with water, ana hung it over the fire.
While watening the boiling of that kettle, in whieh our inter-
est cantred, we asked the meaning of the noises over tic sand
ridge. She sia tie entire viliage was out on the ice,cateh-
ing Tish. You may ba sure vin curiaus to know the evyle of
fishing tet could de guing on tv create such noise and excite-
mont as we were hearing, out our interast just man was treat-
er in the kettie of fish than in all the fish left in lake Hue
ron. Shawbosseday goon took the kettle off the fire, divided
wie fish in two equal parte, put them into two larga wo den
Ashes, set the kettie containing the soup in which tie fish
was oled between us, and handed us each a woouen ladle, and
said te us: “Kat, arink, and be happy. Rat ail you want.
Fish no hurt white man or Indien We nut only ate all the
fish, but we urank ail the soup in whigh it was boiled. 1 have
since then dined at belmonico's, at the Astor luuse, and at
various celebrated restaurants in the city of london, put 1
have never tasted so delicious a repast as that, nor one sv
eus seasoned —althous)h 12t nau not even pepper or salt,
and 1 wondered while drinking tnat rich ana palate-ticklang
broth in which that fish was boiled, how peuple coulda spoil
their Pood with condiments.

Soon after finishing our repast, I made my way to tho top
of the gam ridge, where i gould lovwk over on to the waters of
the Bay. The weather the met before had been su cold «and

47.

o1l9 ef? wove 2s Qaud one , eee Atéw Melis) of seea Peow
i We, ‘elite us Phased cov Yo wilted ef) gtiogs ew ofdaP
baee of WONo Bee lor. ons Ju teen or Peden oe , RHI HOU, eee
“oer, C01 ie mo J¥O BEw OLiliv tise Gis ipa pri! „nr
To out ane eee e eee ee ene e 646 eee -Awsd mga
-O2icne® bus es ten ue deen er AV wiud 06 Bluey aeelg guises?
—“Sa0th ear HOW ded, 28070701 We ua , Ortaca eTeY oO» 42 J2nem
-uN G@ABl ai Ji@i Gali e87 dio mi aad, tel? lo gated ap a ap
Dehivid ,@7141 Gil lo @litod edt hoot Guvce yopesesod wail mw

webopw Oriel ww oft reds tug ,erteqg deuye wes st oc? ey
Mat) @42 oid 14 qove. eds nan endes e4cfed i! Fee, ,wedeks
Ane .olbel febwow & 4cee 4u Lobuml Une . ou CONT Od beisod ear
enn voy lic 248 dent ec Ste „ EM ,¢n8* teu of ee
om? ide Oia King een BF eee 10 mem atide een ee een
Oved < .bM ied wow Ji Apter ni quue Os die aiew om ded ,fedt
ae (Mey . Save). ee lr 25 ,@’ osinumles 26 bench mei: ee
& flo. .tebwel Te 40 Os mg een een Letandelen eee
i O8nP Germ , Jers em Jeauom @ aweotodivi oe gugess tose aved
“elke O) ee ee HOVE fom ck. 24 alyuort! le Demwepos. clawotedink ~
weBiAgii-osalag one soli Jans giusaniad eilice henepnew J one
Litye ue elgemy ees ,folied anw ‘iei? sacs, eine as drox
ef n@msonos site Dev aide

Gof ri) of Ew 4m Obom I , teaqgo1.100 Anineinizt wile, geek
% Md oF Ho ahve nl nee i ett ,enban see of Bo
br DN os feed om @re0 anim whe ted pow ere

ve

Stiid that it haa maue ise strong enous to bear for a long
distanse out. On this was vongregatea the entire villes e,
seventy-five cr one hundred men, squaws, and pappooses. The
sight was j and exviting. All seemed on the go, as fast
as they soulu s¢rauble,—some few on skatee, but the most in
their neccasins. They would rven at ru speed for a short
distance; then ace off at right angies, frequently colliding, .
and whele groups would be Pivundering un tie ace at ence. Then
up ana off again, all watching something 4% their feet, and
stooping to cut a smail hole thromn the ice, out of zehn
they woulda pull a fish. 1 mace my way on to the ice among
them, found the ice avout two inches tiiiex, the water but a
foot vir two esp, and the bottom a wWwWu te sind. The ace was
so clear you could see a fish tiwougn it as readily as if upon
the surface. I burreweu a pair of skates, anu tried my hand
at tie Spore. i was handicappea dy tie dinnes 1 haa just
eaten, Dut, notwithstanding, I capturea a twenvy prend trout.
1 had several mishaps, collisions, Talis, ete., out at all
added to the mirth, Allarity, and noise. 15 may ve not den-
eral ly known that a fish in water but a Pout or two in depth,
if followed clusely and by pounding or stamping upen the ice
ever him, will soon drown himself, or peegon® so exhausted as
to give up, turn upon hie back, and ale himseif to ve picked
op. uc, hoyever, are the facts, and on mat morning, before
leaving the 100, tney had vaught more than half a eora

45.

airol & G6 seed 62 Bguene atowse col sham basi 2f Sars gata

~, © sllsv @i.sue O82 BOTayPIAACH Sew 4/59 AO sue GbE TELO
eit „Sone SA, BeBupe ee beticue ene 10 OVATE) COVER
Saut e8,.,@5 of) ue Sompes Lid Mis lone dhe 090% wav PKL
NA Seosbeds cua . setade no vol enon, obomatee det +e!!t ea
ene „ uit erege (illetse- neva diver (oT Cd ,erveva iors
eORibtéiles «os weuperl ,e@lgue een 2a Flo, agoub ent +; sone segD
Ons et a. ea? me witvewnvei? eo vluve egeery slody bre
bere , 2001 %%% JA MNIAt mee pridosaw iis ,itane Tie bra qu
feiss Yo foo (860i GA! nue iet Liesw u deb W artqoote
Biome nl aiff o2 N Yew em adam i -tieil „ 14% dae yous

n en tenen aid nne soiend ows „eee oe. at nul (aed?
anew esa wil bios 82418 eee wil Dis ,qent OFF ww Fou?
nog 11-60 ylivawr «a Jk dyvowl’ ater) © ese een doe 14010508
Dae (6 hoiw ois , ce7@is 16 theg 2 LeWerWY I /ovalwe az
23uUh Suled temib O82 4C Legguolvonal eaw i „nene ois Je
C4ot! snveg Yew) B SOW Gao 1 Arius ai) bvlon ~, 200 , Heras
film £2 sua y.080 ,aiial snubeilles ,eqarvie Laveves bat §
105 en oc yan 2h -Guden Luge, t14alid ,ae1i9 ols OF bebds
Meqeh ab ows w lov) #145 wigw ag iil 6 oat) awenad qs lew
Ol Ad eee Giga e We BoieatOg «oO Sais (loeulo elle 42
@4 Loteumine oe e@nveva to ec wous cooe Lhiw! abil evo
D 86 OF Divewii susie ben dee en HEY 11? een eFID of
SW) woes Jew fo mes , 02082 ae orn. ,vovoredt e ow
‘ pws » Tlet abies „ Mn e bed yous % ete Saiveal

hw

of most all kinds of fish that are found in Lake Huron, though
I camot truthfully say, and it was not 2 good day for Pish-
ing ,cither.

I aw not sure that the descendants of the Stevens Family
will care to read of my personal experiences among the 1 li ans,
put 1 have, within the last few months, passed by rail, ina
Pullman eur, over the route 1 travelled with this same guide,
and the changes tnat have oceurred since 1 made that trading
trip, amt the singular and dramatic incidents that occurred
at the time, induce me to narrate it.

On this oceasion, we were going to the hunting grounds of
the Green Point Indians. Our route was up the Shiawassie to
the mouth of Bad River; then up that, as far as we. uu ld go
with a canoe; then across the country, in the direction of
Owasso, Ionia, and Grand Rapids.

On my return from the trip, if the question had been ask-
ed me if the country over which we had travelled would ever @&
inhabited, 1 should have answered Never. From the start,
each side of the Stiawassie was a dreary swamp or marsh, and
for some distance vp the Bad River a landing upon dry groum
could not be made; and for miles after leaving Bad River, it
wes a level, fla? rerion, principally timvered with soft maple,
and uni i bing for any purpose but for hunting and trapping.
vet in my recent trip, I could look out of the car window upon
well-improved farms all the way, and every eight or ten miles

49.

finde? Rott exe! NE Bee? esr dete Aelt Be anntd Cie Bee 4
<—deit 72 Ab loon’ e 26h cow 21 ben 4 eee eee er
wets Lefont

View ereved? off Yo eitrabressch wit Sand eave dGR «0 I
sera tie T° OF sroms ebnet dene twee yYato baer oF excu lige
ent {tev «un Deeoeq ee e we? reat el? ieee . vet I oe
„bien Ooms iris nens Delleveis I osu ois ae , 1a. cemties
Buibes? fai? abam [ eonls Fastvses aval te genneid eff bre
Denne fais asnabionrs vitmwth ing ralugtie ee ns ,qin’
. M steten of sot eonbat ,emis oft Sa

W Shavert_ Qerifnwr wit oF fn sew ow ,moiaroeo elt 40
O @ivenwealii? eit qu eew etud1 ws „ ta bm Ino mee ale
eon er „ et qu ee ern De® Yo enen ee
WW ons afe mt Nees ert esotor reir : Stab & r
_ebéqesd beet? orm . sired jovgnwh

-dae teen bet miveoup ots Tt .qtw ed? wot uten yr nO
@ “eve D dellevarty dal ow dolirw “evo varies ef? Ti on we
uate «6&2 mort) e beer berewenn svat bluore [ , ber eee
brn „ e ee te eee «6y Tae dD # enw OiéenwaesR eft to ebie ese
t Yh voqn anibrel » ‘evi bet ef? qu eonnte tb amos 1a?
Jt tevil beh wriveel eee eeLim 02 Brus Jebad ed fa Bigos
efgam S08 Hliw Dever) yl leq fowiny 9, mwofwet Tel) Level « om
rt ne See arionut tot vu sesoqiuq ene wo? Gein Be
r nt wan eis to too dool blue Ijqit stepet ya nt Fev
solia nef no gte yreve Baa yew eft Ila omw? Severga-iiew

„

}

}

4

R N.

were viliages, with ehurches, schuols, houses, and a popula-
tion of from three ur four hundred to a thousand, while on the
first crip, there was not a house, nur did we encounter a sovl
save Irdians, in a Journey of nearly one hundred miles.

On this ovceasion, Ola Yainding «id not fail to notice the
guide marks of tie Great Spirit, and we reached our destina-
tion a5 intended. e found a number of lodges, all of which
had in sight evidences of suecessful hunting. The skins of
Givers animals were drying in the frames in which they wers
stretched, and our arrival was haiied with delight by the
dne, whe, with the chiidren, were the only ones at the camp,
the hurntérs being all in the woods, in quest of fare. Abaut
sundown they began to come in, most all of them bringing some
king of gare. Presently wes heard a very peculiar yell, long
drawn ont, and before the sound hed fairly subsided, every
Squaw, papoose, and stripling had rushed out of doors,and each
was anndune ing to the other that Chematosh had killed a near.
In five or six minutes, tne same sount vas repeated, when Mo-
rah yelled to the youngsters that Chematosh had killed two
oears, At intervals the same sovnd was repeated, until it
was known that hene tosh had killed nine beers. The excitement
nad invreassd with each announcement, and now the excitement
was porCectly wild. Present ly Chematush came into camp, his
blunket made inte a sack filled with something Apps rent ly as
heavy as he could carry. He hed not à smile upon his face,

50.

~alugeg » bes , ceoetidd ,sivu.ive ,soiowedly isiw | oonmbiag &- ow
oid no eLfiily . cumvode gos nm wi aw ooo ef Te mie
fy0e 5 Witweoone ww U con e et @ ron Bow overs aie tent
selina poumud, go «tule Ter venivec e uf , savior) ovme

Off wison of I[1Mi Son Slo gotinivis! 210, mutans eis WO
-efi8eb Wo Leone: ow atte .finl 4! sae) oy Yo «Agen ebiug
tiie Qo fle ,eendol Te teem a Srigvl aF beet an mad
To nt n wit iet I feescoue to ecarabiwo aun al cat
nee Yells eite ah ae odd mnt aticid e shaming ene
etd yd Srigiien :iviw bei Lei @er laviirta tue fee , bedosetts
40S wil ta aera vine sie o1eW ,ombiirio Ot ere . one , avnnpe
ugk «= Bee Do tee nd , Bhoow Os Ab Lie panied e163nt ond
O20e sal yrtia warts 20 le Sawn ut cnep of eee yet opabtas
BML Her inet yrev e brea ow yisaeees® eee Yo ints
Nee , bebiedue ysis! rai brooe odd ereled Bm . ovo ques
slome dete, hh ty eve beer bed ee eee oom .ePongeg., Weegee
o.%@@d d DOLL id bat Aeotaai fears verlto eit. o2, Beni enen GaP
ROM ttle Dedergen wan Piece mane Oo? .gotunia ale vo evht gt
ows beitid ded dect memo init eee enen ens of belieg das
“22 [hone , besdeeqe anw brawe onee 6.1% Sievaes f4 ene
Ftemeticts ef .c1903 oni bellin’ bet ep? aol eds pond oop
\Orens)ione ef7 wot ous , aemeonuenisA hoae Ad iwepeeaetoml das
Riel qty ofes ease eee eee vloineee? ii qliow lang Bev
en vVitetissge Yriatzecvt dyin pelis > done #2 vas bee beAgalc
(Sen? eld rogb ele « tor bel of «overs whues of 26 eee

Me

nor did he utter a word, untii he ueposited his sack at the
door of his lodge, ami tel nis wife te open it. She did so,
and he poured upon tie ground thirty-six bears' faet, amputa-
ted at the ankle-joint. Again the youngsters began tu yell
ami dance, and even tie eluers seemed elated at the sight. 1
scon learned the savret of this great juy and excitement.
These feet were to os served at nignt, as 4 great religious
feast ana a thanksgiving. A fire „as cuil: in tie centre of
and the whole, width of the caxp, and kept up until a gucd bed
of coals had acvsumulatea. The do was then opened, the Peet
put in to a trench made in the lit ashes, and were then nicely
covered first with ashes, tien with eval, and the flre kept up
for an hour or so. They were then taken out, men tlie outer
s in would peel off, and they were reauy for tle banquet. 1
was an honored guest at this feast, and enjoyea At greatly.
Tne eluer Inavians ail mals prayers, ana gave thanks to the
Good Hani fer not allowing the Bau Manito to warn the bears
of their danger, and in their speeches they extolleu the skill
and prowess of the hunter. 1 have saiu tat 1 enjoyed the
feast, out they had not tue seasoning that my fish cn the Bay
ad - af ter peariy sixty hours of fasting.

Dur am tue evening, Chematosh gave us @ full account of
the killing of tne bear, and of the day's hunt generally. It
IS IB. pOS S104 tu put iat on paper ana embellish it as he did.
he tola us the story Standing, and his action and gestures

Si.

mid tw % „ wil BOSdew os wl .isow eee 2 20220 of Blu 108
88 Eh AE «Ik Qe Gs Olle ast blued ane ,egbOl atti To sul
~aguqmm ,f O01 ‘e1n90 Adweyl iis diver, 6.1, eee een Bi Dre

Lipy of n) geo eel eBinuy ois HL ABA -snio(-elana of o5 Lod
1 dake „ te Los alo Lowope BueKlh O12, NEVO 4G , Obed wis
otnGemyizat iae yet saoug 02.8 te 207068 o@t2 dermpel nuove

BUCKELASY JAO7R & OA , Jun 13 COVICR OC OF stew 2002 ee
feo ene wd oi diivo @.» ois) A -grdvigedopils « dan Jeno?
Dec poop. s iat qu syok dun. gume off lo arban, ploy ole oe
feel mis, veege amis ace 406, oll deolalusgugoe coi elpaow Yo
Wegen mods o1ge ue ,valee go os ML oben Apids) #& oak deg
Gu e enen eee vaca ,Lovov Gils wa , ewise ee ent betewe
ISSO. Gis ery .sUe MAC! Hons een leer .oe 20 wed meng?
4. .-20Uphed O42. ag) yYeeet enen coy ce , Te Lewy ohuew Ooi

Xi (#055 24 Nene bus ,senpl #10) J4.280u9 Desoned. oc” On

Olt Of edtwds ovay B:5.,e19yeny ec ou dis eraionl asile off
Sale) ol ee os vainey ond of Sniwolla son 103 of tnan Deed
fitds ols pnliviae YoU sedooegs jie! oh ane ,segnee 120888 Wo

Oris Seyoiie i said vias ova § -iesnug ods Yo seewuny Dae
(24 ef no est gm ieds wiiaesac4.o.! goa bei your suo .deadd

„ eaten ly eter oats “ise et) 108 te oan

Qo uns Lidl » ey ovay deoseomes , undue re Os, Buss
enen tas @' (ae ot to Due, seed et to gaslisan Oe
-D @l ee 2h Matlioswm oie aOung me 4d duu we OhOsewones, Bs
nne bane aviv» oi ota, wudiate Yoole at ev alodgen

45

were so dramatic that we could, in our Paney, see each bear as
it came up to be shot, and heer his enuffing, when peering
about, suspecting danger. Fe said he had travelled all the
morning, seeing but few deer, and getting no shot until about
noun, when le came face to face with a big buck, not a stone's
throw frum him. de said, "1 took deliberate aim at the churl
at the root of his lorns ami expected him to drop inhi Mb be
but he barely winked one eye at ne, nad end his head, as much
as to say, no, you don't,’ then hoisted his tail, and said,
"Bo Sho. 1 was eres tfallen, and thought either 1 or my gun
was bewitched, and if 1 had not found the bear, 1 should not
tell you of the buck; but as I made my way towards home just
before sundown, 1 was coming through the thick timber near the
windfall, and as 1 came near it, 1 saw a yearling bear, squat-
ting on the top log of the biggest pile in the windfall, mar
the creek. I made no noise, stepped behim that big black
walnut, put the mugzle of my rifle against the tree, leaned
forwara, following my gun around, until 1 brought him in sight.
1 could see by his actions that he was suspicious of danger.
He was snuffing the air, and peering into the woods, and 1
thought 1 leam him say, There is a hunter around, and then
1 thought it time tw assure him he was richt. He vas stam-
ing, 80 1 ewuld put a ball into his head just at the rvot of
his left ear, and he tumbled off the logs into a hollow,where

98.

en tu Aveo end . ee wo ol Dodo ow rane oF Fae & eiow
aniveeq note Menne eff «24! ore ,Jotm ‘os & QV enw v2
@f? (fe Béllevar? ball Ot bisd of r N iti cdeqele .fuddr
hn Chenu Joe on Sarre tes fee eee vet 94d en er ote
res @ fa ,Aoud pla «4 iw Gest & 6042 Ueno af rete oor
u 412 ta ala ofaned Mew Your [I bide ol ud govt weil?
e857 SINet Gord OF aid nen Ma enton eitf To sour 61 va
Meum ef. baei wid beben , on fe Oyo Ors be ig tle of od
\Biaw Ben I eit fedatod nales T rab oy ene yas oF “ax
fis yo 16 I tertile tiguory pre neter eee am { * ofa o8°
fon blies I ,thod aie? tue fon vet I 11 Dow , vodstiwel eae
‘Jeut anoti adinwot yaw wa obam & oo sud Aud as Yo d Ler
eid doer teimis sold: ode itquowls Gthmoo eer 1 .nveltue ewied
-Sntgs ,1a400 anifiseee o wee I i tHe ooo f es ona , nent
we ,{felbatw ert mt eliq taengid ons to gol qoF pi mo gat?
le sid fat? dled beqqets ,eston of - ne ae
bewmel ,cort oie teniane eflit we To elssom ads tug \tunl ee
te mi mil Shaved I nu. uon un ys Wit vol foi , otawid?
Wares Yo gvoteoftqese saw art sates senotion elit yo edd Bliss T
i Dre ,abodw 4s off artiteeq bre tle ens aati Tur est ot
none bee tete tesa a er otat?’ vase avi nwa! 1 saguors
e sew ot eee “daw of aid eivses oF Galt st Sitquods I
$0 fowt-ed/ fa rent weet ett orcl fled A tug Shea T oF , et
mete at tant « ont nut eff Yo belies af ban , 480° PTeL eid

bE e ¢ gis *

*

i ou nut see if 1 had killen nam dead, but 1 thought it pru-
Gent to reioad where 1 stood, and before 1 lud finisiec, tie
vlu ne one Game up to see what was going on. He also snuffed
the air and peered into the woods, ana ac ted as if inguiring
for his of fepring,~evidently not seeing him don in we hol-
low,—se 1 put a bail into his head, in the same place that
haa sent tie young one home, and he went deen into the hollow
tu meet him. 1 then come need to load again—net oecause 1
epo stud to see more ogars come up on tho pile, but because
one ay betli of these Fallen inte the hollow might prove tuo de
only stunned, and tagt show Pfight,-but by the time 1 was
ready, wr old she one caine up, mgoiring for Billy anu His
dad. 1 lost no time in sending har to join them, ana the
males uni the nuntsa ard euueins eontinued to come, happily,
nme st a tine, until L was sure 1 had sent nine of then anto
the hollow, and 1 did net know but I was to stand there ana
shoot dear forever, and 1 began to fear that that puck that
haa winked at no so maliciously had pewitehed me. han the
bear ceased to cone out, i found i had put in my sun my very
lest bullet, and as 1 started and got up on the big ok lor 80
1 egovid Look over, 1 was still fearful 1 showid find 17 a de-
lusion and a uream, bot there they were, one pile up on an-
other mite the pile of bears resembled tie windfall of trees.
i appreachea them with caution, lest sume might require an-
Ober shot, our wey were all as ad as Hemenaniquette.* He,

53.

“aq Si Saget I tod pBae. cur colitd oot 1 1 aoe oe aha 1
els .om@ivini? eet Leamle bu ,woore | enemy Sevies wf fie
beTiuns osin wi -1O ton saw sale oes oF QU emhS ono an elu
ut i en U. Oo OT eR OOM , Civow wl avs DOTODG te 244 Oe
bot e ma ee mink Biiooe som yl sak Vo, Bainrgelly esd, 70d
tet? epaly emo ott. of , cue 0.4 ova Ligd 2 344 4 se, vod
woilod ers offs arom fuse ai ona ,emod envy ive, ov gues eal
LS nw08 Joni sys Mevl oF svoiiucsoD mot 4 mil Seon of
G bee fad ,aléig Pas tw 4U Bot S°188G een Yee OC. BO OOgNe
O68 of evan, een ee @.: eee nollel oem To Ged q ou
wow I emis end Vb tude, get wosle Jig te one , e %s lito

_ BPN dae MI 10 eee eee wwe ane ow die re deen
Ong ies yee ode wo tet yribewes as asad) om Seth ote
„LE ee oF SRT ee ee eee Son Ole Och Lo alone
eee irl To apts sim de’ Lense em 1 bine, Ort @.9 6am
| Be 220 Pende 8 @6s 1 ord wont Jom bib f bet wollte oe
Soe Auaa- dale cats wool. ot raned i Sem ,aevetol npety duorts
mit. nec = 60m het ivoo om! edenvioiles cy om 24 ne pat
Ne e een en et fen be L gem) 5 dee eo Of LeBngy seas
os Hol geo sie ole io yt sor bon bettete I ee bow ytedlod Jag
Ob & 24 DAD pinoite 1 ici Clase arm 1 . neva eee tipo)
m ro qu aliq em er Led) eueds coc, mew e eee gsm
deer? to Lintintw ely, poiaewess enest ‘toa ai tc ale Aatim sede
it) Wiper tase eme 2008 eee eee eel getipaene 4
560 „en irereme ap Laos en ile tes %% e , tele eee

*

1 suppose, was Julius Caesar.

In reading this episoue of the slaughter of the ars to
a Fentleman for whose opinion 1 have great respect, he intima-
ted thet my friend Chemetosh was a romancer,and haa graphical
ly desertbed the killine of imavinary rears. bad lie been
with meat the camp, hewever, ana witnessea the bringing un of
the carcases, seen the skins put into frames to strei¢h them
in proper shape, and been present in canp while the various
processes were going on to extract and store the oil, he pe:
tainly would have come to the conclusion that not one of the
nine was imaginary. On the contrary, he wuvla heve concluded
he vas Visiting an abattoir, where the siaughicrang of rear
was being extensively garried on. Se nuel: gal was cotained,
that tlie Squaws were sent sune Gistance An toe fvrest to ob-
tain dire bark, from which to manufacture vessels in which to
store it.

lt as true, tle killing of nine cours rom awingle stand
point was tot um vll occurrence, Gnu -althoug there were
no dal) or weekly papers. to auvertise tim Fast, it soon be-
Cabe generally Known, am added not 4 little tw the ue of
Cnhematosh as a nunter. 1 nave recontly travelled from Sagi-
Naw w Grand Kapids ana passed within a short distance of the
luvality of tne „ind fall, and at Owasso, fell in #ith two old
acyguaintangées, wo romemberei the killing of the nine. and of
the eclat it gave Chematosh: mon his companions,

54.

-Taeen) avitul sew’ pesdegre I

Gan © to veordgeaeie «¢ » Tu elwetes sid) wishes? ni
-pmiiai of ,soegest 46079 + vat i eee e enone ta Peteme isan
-[pesdgqesy Le 2as, T99eme «4 eev Mev sewed bnerdl ys sat oe
faeg M 26! 67001 \iectqant Io wrti lid ers fej eesbd vl
90 N WANN i eee iY ONS , HVeWOr |), Ques attr sae at tw
oes sieleweé o2 sean omnt sug enits oe wens ee ne O47
SUsitaAy oF elinw yome® at inseard noe ve ,Ogete 19079 NI
e of ,fsvo Grid OFOT4 LOK JUaTTRO OF “NO tion ou FORO NO7
wi lvootnw gen Jaw noiegiviic® edt ot ano oval sivow yiniae
bebu.onue teal biuer oF , Meine eis 0O § .ytantgemt Gey eiia
iets Gu Bodied yeale OW Siete ,1i08seses aa ywisvieiv egw ent
Dttisido Biw Lio slot of ste bel ab tenen e iia &aw
“de 0! geet) mw. woe duu BiD Gwe Hee ten swaps Gis ta
OF dei.w ab GheawOv ous celui oF ifeuiw wot , Ata one whee
+2. o1078

Saas) «ike 4 wert) exn@ Guida toe gusilia ae’, ouw wi OI
G7en owl yuo le ate , Sune ViIvOUe deere ne Tu Baw Siig
“Ww fuwe <' ,Jce) mil Oeil Levan US BuGgay Xideow Toryiiab ot
Jo @wl wl w elail eco tome ice , woud deen etad
-ipeh wort bolievew? (itrwou ovat Ll sedi & ee eee
2 Te esse 6k J ale © nbiic le Lekeay om bhiqes Ena wb wan
Bie owt itis oi el cet owO wa bre , iletenecw oF Go 4s d Lavel
Ww bee porn wilt leo gaslisd ons Lewweomeao onw eee
tir es Ete Avoremed> evayei Gales er

ec

a

We remained at the hunting camp a few days while the bcar
Shins were being stretched and dried, then got à couple of
boys to help Wainding pack the furs and skins in our canoe on
Bad River. We ratumeda to the store at Green Point with a
valvable load, and 1 was mush elatea with our success.

1 an here inclined to state a fact for which 1 have never
deen adie to agcount. There is a fascination in the fur
trade and life anom the Indians, to be found nowhere else.

1 have, since those days, been engaged in most all kims of
dusiness that active Western men engage in. I have peen a
miller, a merchant, a banker, and a railroad builder, ana tol-
erably sucesssful in all of them, but none of them gave me the
satisfaction and enjoyment that 1 found in the fur trade. The
life is so fascinating, that few who enzase in it at the age i
aid, ever abandon it. There is certainly but one way to ae
count for it, and that is to acknowledge the fact tnat the nat-
ural tendency of men is to defenerate into primitive life - and
to avoid it, we require the continual influence and the inter-
ours of Civilizeu society.

It was about at the time of which 1 a writing that
Brother Horatio returned from Ganada and settled in Buffalo,
anu invited me to abandon the fur trade and join him as a bro-
ker, 1t was with much reluctance that 1 gave up the free and
easy life of the woous tw m to a city and attempt to mix and
become faniliarized with civilized society, but 1 had the juag-

65.

rete es eCiftw @yab vo? « qmao muito ofy te Senlaeey oF
ta efguos ° fon Medd , fest poe eeipl ote anded -eiee exias
N @ores “vo nt ene bre atul wile day snéoniatgied oF «ya
@ittiw into meet #2 etute @ft-0o) semua oF steveh und
tte 140 % wetaie e esw | bee ,oeel eideulav

Tever oved I Noidw 168 Coc) @ esate of neontioni ened wd
su? odd i codvantosa? «2 @: aie? -inyesve of eide wend
„len nens we ga oo „Gta tt ne um eli4l bom nn
Jo fie Teomons nne ness „de ede ente eden
& food evad I „et Shin cram melee evisoa tart. s@enteud
“hos oom ,teblivs neoilion 6 Ba ,1sinad 8 ,énador @,), 104iso
Oe on OvaR aod? Yo enum Jud ,madi Wo Linon Lv lesenove gleate
ont) .ehew wets os orvel { sends mnommetcoe ne ovis cetelias
fepa eft? ita et rt No criwowm sat ono tatioeayow eh Oul
$=<88 of Uv Ome ft ne % e1, eredT -¢! teeneca 1eve Ble
San mit Janis soe) ais egrvelworndon 1 uf Jans am .#f st) wes
D , d ovitining oJnt esaroneneh of ei nem Yo youenmes Law
“int et) ne ovmaulta: Leunesnoo N miiupet-ew. .ad seve od
. ele wesilivis to se wee

fair anitiaw om 1 n Wo emt? ad! fa funds saw dl.
,Oletws at ellen gms scanad wor! bomusm vote wil, lens
“1d § 45 ml mict dna ebats Wi eds nebnege of @@ Set ivot,.one
Bae oer) es qu even | Jamis eonmsoulion come dssw oem 7h. Od
BA 1 f ne wa (eine 02 @ @epove ett Ye otal vase
“BOUL ois Len Lua ¢ituivve beasdived Giiw bomdnadl tae? ese

GG

ment to see that 1 had here a chance to reach a sphere of life
that 1 could not hope for, Wong the Indians. As 1 have
already stated, while relating the career of our Brother Fra-
tio, we were partners in business, for a tine, and only dis-
solved the partnership on my getting married. I had not
been lone in Buffalo, when I made, {1 hardly know how) the ae-
qus int ance of the davnghter of Major Ghristepher Van Deventer,
of the United States Army. Then or had for sume vears act-
ed as Chief Clerk to the War Department,while Mr. Calhoun was
Secretary. The Major's wife was a weughter of Or. Birkhead,
of Baltimore, and Miss Van Deventer had from her infaney assa
Siated with the refined and intelligent soviety of the two
Cities, and vas, in fact, recognized as a belle in both places.
When Mr.Calhoun want out of office, Major Van Deventer resien-
od from the army, care to Erie County, near Buffalo, and set-
tled there, on an estate he md owned for som years. Phen
i told my orotner 1 was about to marry Miss Van Deventer, he
area me demented, and inquired how I expected to live? 1
told him my share of the business would be enough for us to
start life n. ‘That anounted to anuvt two thousand dollars a
year, which he devlared would mt suffice a youne ludy wh had
been in suciety in Sashington and Baltimwre, for a nmmnth, and
if i was determined to ruin myself, our partnership must cease
at unee. 1 told him, if he had the leisure, we would set-
tle our business then and there. Ile expentod the dissolution

5G.

ll Ta .eteriqge » een @8F ernte a en bet § fad? enn OF. trem
eved Loa .sradinl @!' stom ,7107 eged dest divew iI, tails
“HION. telfend 10 To 1tete ats pnitalien e@eLtitw ,fepnre cham Le
“aid cline, ow 1. ond © tu) .eseniew af een eee ow elt
gon Sat J „Dei Me een xi: no qtdanentitsy Ae tevlos
“oh ete tweet word celina I) , eho ! sede aietter et gral e
„ et nev enges tdb "cta* Io TW agab-e® Ie eosetrtagp
an 1nd @eos TOd ted see f aT -vortéA aetaet pestat ate Bo
ene ntetind .34 alstivy Sneortagel 10? ef vw Xu4lLD Debio en be
peaortittd nO lo Mesequen ss eam otiw o'r @’ wil -% 389 ter
wees Yous tans “vet mort bar wisdeyed mY asiM oan , eramisial to
Wt aly To \telooe tnewiiletnt ens borsiet wi? dztw betel
eerily diot ui olisa & af ces ingooet, P98 cL, caw bee , eet rio
“raised “8TaeveU tev TOlLek ,eolTic Yo tus ser ceomited.1 coi?
% Dre ,ofeTYul teen , eue ot Ws ome , (orm of? nett be
w e780 eros 1612 bernwo li of eee t nu enn pelt
Wi, Yes oVed “eV ser Yrs or fuck wew 1 rime wr bie i
tert oF eee I vor DeTtuplt ‘bre sbetiremeh @ Seinion
of w TOT eee of blue sseniowd ew lv erase Yo aie Boe
a Wiel Cob bee vote ows f0005 OF eee eee FaiT ee Cal Pinte
bed aie Yhel wor s epitive sor bivew bow ited at Nel ey
Baa offre’ TO) eee ial nw ne) eee as YO@ldow ml wesd
Cem fee qttetdirre ng wo [Piveve mot of Bentieiweed n
Hide Siniw we etteiel off Def afr etd ther T° sento Fe
lere «' Beteeqxe aff cred? bee net) seenteud Wo ete

811

oe
7

would gatse the Major tu withhold his sonsent to ovr nuptials,
Out we were Narpiad. Ne want to board at a moderate boarding
house, and the Washington belle, who had lived al] her. life in
lucury, Was quite as ready to evonomize as one who had known
nothing vf a life of that nature.

About this time Brother Augustus hea removed from Rutavia
to Buffalo, and he to ok an entireiy different view of things.
Ke wae not af ald tu endorse fur me to procure all the funds 1
should reqvire to open an office to carry on the same business
on my Own agevunt alune that 1 had veen doing as a partner with
Noratio for only one-third of the proceeds, s thet 1 was very
scon in ‘he full tide of a suecessful business. In a few
months, we found we could afford te take a little cottage, fur-
nish it inexpensively, and with a single servant, have a happy
littie home. Here we lived until May 1835 when our first
chile was born, which fact lone enabled me to give the date;
and if these reminiseences are read by our descendants, they
will see tint the dates are mostiv ignored, for want of data
to Huld me.

About this time there came to Buffalo some well-known cit-
izens of Pontiac, who were the incerporators of «a charter for
a railroad and a bank; the read to be run from Detroit to Pon-
tinge, am the bank to be located there. These gentlemen had
known me As @ boy in pontiae and Saginaw, and were in search
of parties whom they coul induee to utilize their charters.

Hie

en iu. of ede eit elodtitiv of fOLS¥ OD CbeREFL I vow
t Eee @2p%°Loem BSE Bwice os sew uP Derr e168 oe fod
14 I 1% i.e osuvih aad of ,alfed nosanislaa? eee ins , GeV 04
Westi Berl one oto Ae egimonvuve of (LA 48 eee ee eee
et rai? 10 l 2 Yo angition

Sivaidd sort Levens: bat eosenguA a954J018% GmET SLs JUOdA
eucids Ta watv Ineus tio clotisne na Avo? ef dos . vleYiotba
1 en ae Lie er toorg of ea l sawhne uo Bisse fan enw OF
Senn frag wis nO tiuin os ele Ne fOQu of “uddyet ene
We teriwg 2 40 ee need bated cant @tele Imuveva ave! qane
Ne ean Foie ve ,a@beevowm wit lo viidsesne eine tol oleate
wo? 4 1 evoriaud-Lividesosuse @ to abit Liat on nd uted
100 .@90J 50» Gitvtl sede: Of SNe wlses ts snyot oe , «dines
Cada 2 evord) te ve ole 4 itis aha ,“ieviensqaeel 21 dete
fetii suo note 828 YM Livre OSvls sece19h = +. ecu eitert
z %% ol) evig of wt oeloane onels foe) eee mod ae eee
Nels | etrgoneosel igo — bets oto eaoenod inion eset? 12 beta
hb 1a tnew 101 , be eee ¢iteun ott, 60/48 02 oid ose Lite
' „on bing OF

“Sin owand-Liow eee enten of eee eee nae othe ene
WM ente A lo e eee e of tes atiw e ene Wo erent
98 oF eee aad een ee of en eee eee 2 eee enen
De ae eg exalt „een ee eee 66 of eee Of eee eee
n ni er denen orm eee ni ee eee ee ene
„ e e ciel? en eo? souvent eluev yeas mole eee en 7

soa

hey asked 1f 1 coulda aia them to find them. 1 examined their
charters, and was of tne opinion tlat they would be a gd
thing to handle. 1 laid the matter before my brother, who
aecided at once that they aid not have sufficient capital to
think of building twenty-Pive miles f railroad, and starting
a bank. 1 next went to Alfred Wiliaans, better known in
thuse usys as "Salt Williams* as he was aeting as agent for
salt works at Syracuse and Salina, ana 1 theugit he might in-
duce hid friends there to undertake the enterprise,- but they
AIs ceelined. The mere I theugnt of the undertaking, the
better 1 Lakedeat, outs the Pact was that I was enamured of
Michigan and its peuple, and wos not averse to fretting back
there to live. 1 fins II suggested to r. ll tis that he
and 1 purchase the charters, ami under take it ourseives ,alone.
fe haa between us ten mous and awliars, which was all that was
required to be paid in on tle stock, wefore the issuing of
notes for virevlation.

1 finally made & bargain with the sentlemen, converted
our ten thousand dollars anto coin, had a banking heuse pre-
pared, and on the day the charter stipulated 1 was there,
elected a board of airectors, a presiuent, and myseaf as cash-
1er, am passed à voae of by-laws, giving the cashier full» eon-
trol of the instatuticn; paid in the ten theusand dollars vo-
on the stock, and a once commences the signing and issuing of
notes, au for weeks could not supvly the demand ip exchange

5%.

Aten gent e | mel? Boit of merit Cle Slooo 1.02 Bole yet?
oun @ od en Yele sau neinige et Je paw eee enen
wit, dene Ya e1ele@ ses cmpens Lind 1 thawed «vt ie
OF intigay neter ee evn. taf bey cori! 1a, som ds bepines
anifisse bus „ be ul to ealae evit-\erows andilgud, Yo atic
Ol end ivdsen ,Oositsc® Sevilla of teow law 3 atm *
“ot treme 48 Bite whe Os. Oy ‘eracslliW Jiet* BA nye) moins
<i. 2rinim wi Jiigvesa i oes .acngial orm Qauvery® ta stinup. sles
eis Sua -, Oe. cq Of) SANTA oF een! ehneis) wl Bomb
ods. eee e selew of! Bo fapueds 4 ots ott -beni lier weirs
Zo. petcrere eso i seid eav Toe. Os emo 4. ad wOnth ere
goed aris2e4 of.enueve son ace orm .elqveg efi ite cides
Od eee Geel Lich. oa oF Rovapayve ehienttt i evil w@ eres
-Ouuss,suviewivo 74. elatieidy oe . eet tate, wi ossieaty, Don
Saw sede Lie eae vise ,oisiia aneouow moe, eu mnoswaes avd oF
4 BO witdvess af %%% „„ os tw Md eteqg OO Of) SOTENPRT
sno it eiystdss wl eso

) Ol deveon , avemiines «i/ tie nisgass. & edae vVilanil«l . 5)
ig euue: prtdénao & bad tee asns etallab bneaueds nae we
-Oumls «ce 1 boraeivgelia “uoitedo cds, yee eit ae bee , bots
ene Of Vise \w Aim, ime derig & pet eels In steeds a) cesvels
06 Liv! Aeaiiess o1d Bindan , deehevu Iv phos « baeerg ww ,tOk
ma) ll vor ele ta king git dul gene ent Jo dow
Beianidesi Lew aiivase Gls. sou eee pene 72 bee (age eles we
re e ni imeoe oe elowwe 200 olvey eceee sel Ge geqzon

Ve

fur Bastern coin, notes, and bills of the two Detroit banks.
Befure 1t became obligatory to start the bung of tne a1
road, we mu in e¢ircuiation two Aundreu theusand wilars, and
gli our coin still in the safe, in Its original packages. .
in the meantime, left Mr.Wiliiams in buffalo, to garry on the
breker s office there, and he was able to keep fifty thvvsana
dollars of our Pontiac dank bills in circulation there, and
buy it at two per gent discount, about every twenty days.
Bank bills having epout that aiscount were universally used
there, dy manufacturers, builders, and all retail pusiness.
In the meantime, we were able to keep a aeposit in des York,
against whach to sell exchange, which commanded a premium of
one to one and a half per cent. At tne end of tie first year
we Nad realized a clear profit of over forty thousana las,
ana dy the time we hau, dy the charter, to conmence work on
the railrosa, we haw a respectable bank account te draw again.
Gur faret outlay on railroad accuunt was for pbulluing a
steam saw mill and the purchase of two hunared ond forty acres
of oa timvered land at Royal Oak, twelve miles from Letrest,
and fairly acress the low andi swampy land. This strip of low
wet land was fer a time considered worthless anu, in fact, pro-
nounced se by the surveyors sent out by te govermnent to ex-
plere the interaor. Yet at was densely timbered, and much of
the timber coula de utilized in ovaddang the Kind of raalroaus
in vogue at that time. 4 put men at werk shopping and clear-

So.

-ethad Phos eG owl Gd? Yo elile Dne ,6eten ee naesenE wi
~Lins QW TO oftinbsud OM) 6 \ede ©) YIOFERLIGO OmaBOd 24 Bae 1Gk
bow ,e¥Alacn eee ee ne twAGh GPT Neild ssuo1ss 11 Bel OW . beot
4 en ee eltern af s c Wo iis
mis no r of ele ten ni eee l el elne ens at
ee enen gees 08 Olde caw of pre . ese eott to e een

bak . Orel’ most aleotip ai O1416 Ansa oelsnet ine Yo evsilab

S442 CAnews YihVO Qucos , fuse Le Irons Tey owl dm OL Yue
whet el. seteavinu etew eee Swi? eee Mtv Bilis amt
eeeortevn Ciasen Lia bun .etebliud ,si¢ewseslvane@ (YO , even?
eer u¥ eo ne sisoges 8 geod of colon e168 of , ene en? ni

Te aimeng « bepnamevo et ,ennscone Lee of Avinw Jeniaga
ent Zenit ant To %% mis 2A Ineo t9q Bled 2 wea eRe Us ONO
Sirii«® Cossids ~tr02 19640 To tite weds #2 cosiiee: Let ev
80 A\0oF @onGmnce oF 18s ee ee wld Yo val oF amd? Ons KC) om

i wath oy §nucoes Anaad sidaiceqgess 4: oat ow , beutilen of2
@ Brlkiiva ul «ce dttuvoon bawiiian no. geliio Jena 10"
nen C220) Lot Lowsrria ov! lu etacoiws oll tem iinowse meee
Thu mis? aolia ovies: „ % isyok sa Sasi eerevels Aso Jo
wol To „ attt .boel yqrmee cee «0h @it stots ylais? bre
eq (fuel ni ee esclmige LotTseienc mi! 6 903 eo Doel for

e os iremrmiaves @.. Ya Fue Ines BIH LeVIus O47 40d Be Leonnen
Se Ge bone ene Yleened Boe ai 10¥ . 10 % al ols. orwwlg
Denen lo neee eee ws ee vd. vivo ene
eee bre ene ee fe Wem eee . I une nt

4

ing the roaiway, conmencing at the mill, and working towards
Detroii. Rach hunared feet furnished the material for ties,
and the large trees were sufficient to give us two continvous
lines of logs, whieh, when placed in the centre as nearly lev-
1 as possible, formed the foundation on ieh the ties were
placed. These ties, after being squared, hau a nuteh or gain
cut in each ena, to receive the wouwen rail, which was sawed
at the mall, fiftean teet in length, five by seven inches; or,
in Other words, five inches wide, and seven inches deep. then
the ties were placea upon tie founaation timper, then longitu-
dimal raiis sere aruppei inte the gains at each and of the tie,
and fastened there with & wooden wedve driven into the gain
alongside the raii. To a few cid peuple, this minute deserip-
tion of the First railrvads will seem vncailea for, but an my
traveis recently, I nase met many persons who haa ne Knowledge
of that style of railroad, and vhen 1 teln thom that. for some
years after 1 nd agiaeu in tine building of the farst twenty-
five miles of mat is new the vetroit ana Milwaukee, tnere was
no other kind between tiere and New York, they thuusar 1 must
Oitiier be ICmancing, or be a centenarian.

Ne commenced to lay tue raids at. die say mall, a when
fairly started put @ cam on tu the wooden raus, oa with a
Single horse covld keep « perty leying then supplied. A long
tow line was used, amd the horse, traveled outside tie tles un-
tal enough was laid to begin the excavation of « diteh on esch

39.

ahi awe? Ori cw~ braeciic ore ve apionemace ,cerkeor Ge ei
890i? TWO? Lesiesen of Getcariy dow) wou es® ¢ bu teu
Suc h oFf su BvAR we Clee) lee OreR CHET? OBTAd erly ben
evel vintaen ef @riaeo wi as ceomty mot ,dobiw ego tu estrtl
ortm ents old, eee no moiety) @& Lert? , eldrepogean ia
ian do een b wed .orteuyge ouied welte , evi’ sew? . beveda
Newne 26h uu Lage Ne or OL) BVinoe, OF „ ie (048d 1S 20
„ ,seiot, neve e Ovid .d2gnei mi Soot weeelsi Like ons ca
Ney % % &Hhions nevme oy ,ORiy emions evil . algo “ele 1
-usigned sal? . tac multamnudh ai wo eepely e166 0b?) ad
RLF O52 Yo bere floss fe er iae od) oat eee orem ol ioe Boeth
Misy ett OCS NOVEL aber mabe # cl) de even) pens seo) one
“Gitcatk’ oor ia wild , elqvog bie wel nt eb ebbegnods
al ee ,FOl seileonw neew Liin emevusviagus 46%. Be ente
OBDEL Ons of bts ct Boer ie, Yer Jes evan 1», uisaeoet spovet?
femee sive al mew vl i ely orm yee ien Wb aiys tare ge
wyider! vel will “le sededsud si Tl vepikh bal 4) ele ee
Sah 876.) , WAUSWEE BUD Jive Pir won ot Sat to enis@ ened
Sete ee eke yore . aa fet betes Bub. ceow oem ined rele Oe
„Manser a «fF de eee ah Oise

ew aru Vidco wae ou te shionen i Ww eeonermes oF.
oo ATiY wat ,elew weve wl) au? ao wee @ guq Sete «ised
mei A .Qeileqve mt wiiged Gin © Good eee eet! oignze
“mil tus: 0 3 «i2aive velorws’ 14 oo une , sper Sep end wad
Howe no dofit eo lo miavesse ei wine wo obiel caw eee ee

9

side of the track, throwing the earth from the excavation into
the centre between the rails, thus at the same time keeping
the weter from the traek anu making a tow path for the horse.
It took us but a few months to complete this style of road
from Royal Oak to the crossing of Jefferson Avenue, on what
was then mon aus the Sithmerel farm,- at that time, quite out
of town,—obut its location has not ween changed, and exactly
where the bDetreit and Milwaukee new crosses Jefferson Avenue,
we built a 1476 1e depot, and commencea the transportation of
passengers ana freizht from there te Reyal Oak on tie wooden
raii, using norses fur motive poser.

This vecurred aurang thessummer of 1536, when tne nigra
tion into Arch Ida was 3% its graatesd tive. The wagon road
aéruss tue tweive miles of tinoereu land was almost impassivle.
With a air of norses and a single car, % could and aid lane
twenty-five vr thirty passengers ay Royai Oak im an neu and a
half. Stages were reauy to sake them From there over cumpara-—
tively n voads. Five deliars « ton was willingiy paid us
fur the trans por tatien of freight agress the swamp, ani Lt was
not unusual for us Ww receive a hunarea lars for a simle
day's wraifie. ihe recelpts trom taas svurce nearly met our
expenditures ian exteming the road two Karwingham, seven miles
farther. We continued tue treffie w at point, but found
the wear and tear upon the woudgen rail ve@ganning to dre them
up, ty an extent Likely to render them unfit, ter tie, iron par.

uO».

ont nnen ontom@T) drives ei: wieonds , sone ale GO etie
e hyo ens emne OFF ga av.ic ,alian ‘eds neewdeon ene O27
net Off Tol fe aq WO 8 qitécm unetiem off ae «ceo &
bea Qu elave utils syelonm «¢ cii’nu web a2 FOe-eu Boor vi
fale oe „ ö nue tene lo guseeuig Off co S00 Byu® caret
So Atiupe emi! taHit Seceganal LovenJi¥. off@ sreew-nd owl bee
ene one „ banners mweo ron eat auilwool of f / wo aver Jo
VOUNeVA HoeVetiael eagvorg won od: awiiM DH S1.0./ 00 One enen
26 elt as yoqgernans ale oveiamwd Due ,2oqan elorid a Jidue
Mohn oie nods!) iso oS „ee mould Jistew) ene et9gneeeng
s20¥05 Ovitom 199 eee tes gio , i ier

aten ofi2 nee tel Ju im 8swe of7 “Wate Peri aoou sit
Deer ne G anf „i JaoTBO LD E's PO CA NOM Noe oid, tale
O40 ee jad Seu e 82) ee CONeEmL Te BOLie BViowd mi eee
Brelecw bin Slvob oe isd Signe „ Dr eee rus Go ateg w eR
eee wer we ai anf Layo se eve ynepesy Will? so ey. tyre
elne Teve ete swell peril @das oo. (une Oren wogase . pido
Mt big Vamiidlinw ene rw een ovat anor sau etewis
Sew Ji bine ,qamwe 0 seein Tiel Je awe me wyatt WO eB
eiwie © 34) sicllw Seu uil & oviesoe) wt @ adl- Laven 20K
1060 fe \lien Otis e678 moth @egqicqves wii -6sTIaw *@'yab
ln TevVee Lomnnitiriat OF Rewt Of2 Btduietace AE eeu! LE eqaAe
Bou? tug yinisg te Ww OsTlaw 8 boemienw OF” enen
Mets Mow « mintiyges 1465 A®oowow oe eee GA 2A Ge) We
ete ite © tet 22 let aruda eee of ¥ LOADS nne

AN

Therefore, the time had arrived when we must have iron to
spike upon these wooden rails. Iron was then ¢eostir® ninety
dollars a ton, and the mount we must have would cost a hun-
dred thousand dullars.

My brothers inBuffale were cognizant of the fact that we
hea owt ten thousand dollars as abasis for our operations and
anticipated gr explosion the first six munths; now that we
had @ necessary expenditure of ahunured thousand dollars star-
ii us in the face, they were sure we must suceumb. We had
the use and control of money so long as we kept it in use in
16 i tmate banking, but it would not do to invest it in iron.

Our Legislature was in session. Our svec@ss with the
wooden raile, had ¢gonvinced sume of the inhabitants that the
cunpletion of the read would be 4 general benefit, ana we got
then all to petition the legislature to grant us a loan in the
shape of six per cent bonds, having twenty years to run. Now
these were the days before free passes were supposed tobe fac-
tere fur obtaining subsidies and Legislative aid, but while a
bill for our relief was pending, I invited a car-loaa of the
mem bor s to make a trip over the road tu Royal Oak anu see the
Situataon m the necessity of passing tie bill.

it was Upon this Osgeasion that Ur. Willians, who was in-
ol ined to stutter, made answer to a party who asked him if
there was not danger of the horses balking. His answer was:
"The o-o-only ad-d-danrer on the Pon-Pontiac road is of d-d-d-

ol.

of mous oval teu ew nety bevinte Bal Qu? en? , ees Ocnlt
Violin Britevo aeil) gee aori #1121 Nen Geel? Guqu e#&Aigeu
“wi 2 2900 bluow ovml gaun oF ¢nvcms @ls Soe ,T 2 etaliab
-@14llod dbiteevelt beth

ey said Jost al) lo tapgings erew vliallu@mai srendom Ut
DM eneisareqe 14 T0l sieads en atelleb Sunseueit? ms sy pat
ow tale wom {ellie ade SCetit ef! micolqze 10 petogivitm
~tats wittilus buseuoit hewumuiae le gwiiensngad Cees wen co bal
bad oF -Guveove Joum ev sive ersr «olf esl off mh ou gti
Mh a0 mé 2k ell ow Co arwel oe Yeros To Lowndes bre sev ait
smeti pl 21 teownd of Of fat Biaow #1 2ud ,getdaad ©) ems? Igel

18 iviv en tene 110 -Mmoleeee m4 o4v @weelei gel 10
of’ fans etestiandnt ez to ans beotriveaos bert ,eliet aedoow
708 a8 cm een Loteney » od Diluww dno ot? Yo no Lislig@wo
e «i seols ww taty of evmwealet sel off nmisiteg of tis epi
woh «mut 6! etaey vinews qeivanl ,sbnes nes 19q xie lo ayes
=pal @d of dbercequse Gio% suanag vot? eiolew eva aff omy seat?
@ @itty fud bie evilaleise!l bw weoibiecuse grintasdo sd? ow?
@iz 20 snol-ten #2 beriwmt I .antheme eaw Yerler tye 10? 118
mis ome ore 2e0 Lovo of b: ot olf yevo giv 4 Ow OF 8100 ate
„Ie @i/ Wiieeeg TO Wissooe: eit Be Nos due te

“mi ee off ,aaBtLiIW .2M 0 (Jane molesen® ates noquoanw 71
Tt mid Sedan ole yisg » oF eee ebme eee of dontle
tear ‘were «iit -Miidiad eearerl oi? ‘WwW ‘enn 2 ar eer oven?
+B b-b To ei S807 Se tinoS-me% et no wereh-b-b neee SIT?

£6

ioe
4
99
’

dying of old age oe fore you ean get through. * To obviate
that danger as much as possible, 1, myself, took the placa of
the driver, and landed them in Royal Oak within the hour.
The members were sv well pleased with tie ride ana the read,
that they passed the bill and issued to us the bonds. 1 want
at onea to New York, solu the bonds at par, bought the iron
and a locomotive. The lecometive is remembered by some gray-
headed gentlemen who were then boys, and they tell me the rea-
son why they remember it is that it was the first one they
ever saw, and bore tiie name of Sherman Stevens. That engine
was the twelfth manufactured by Kaldwin & Company, of Phila-
delphia, who have since made them until they number thousands.
My connection with the road ceased about 1345, 1 having
sold my interest to Gordon #illiams and some parties, resi-

dents of Syracuse, New York.

11 was about this time that Michigan, as well as all
other ostern states, became wild upon the subject of internal
improvement. Michigan made à loan of five million dollars,—
appropriated a part of it for the Clinton Canal to run from

Mount Clemens through Pontiac, and on towards Shiawassie.
The Michigan Central, then a state work, pushed towards Chi-
cazo. The state of New Vork passed a general banking law,
based upon the state ponds anu real estate. Vichigan, to be
more liberal, also passed a general banking law, with only
real estate as security for issve. This plethora of what had

33.

Sratvaw oF enn san his Hey en ena blo Ge greed
fo ebelg er?’ Koos’ Teter | efdievoy en dou Bn ween ¢ ot?
W o etd mitttiw’da® I of mk ont eile bat, revi ene

„Dem ely see ebin @lh driv peenelg (lew) oe evew nenen aT
ne 1 -Gbrod erg ap of Leweet bre Iitd % been en e
ent ef? Pigrod , whe Fe eimed et? vice den well os dene #5
Vn Ded borecmemet wi evetommool #1? -OViecempel # bite
“Ber ef) om i ie? yore bre .evod neds dee ofw nemels rey Lopwet

gens? ono Jon? off am 5. Fats #1 34 ISCO yele ye us
‘inne vr Steve rien Yo mee ened bile ., whe t0Ve

Salts Yo ,Yrmgqrod A riwhble! yo deny tostunom Astle * ee
Stewie weaoun vers Litnu mare ebsm eonte eve ow ,aidqies
“grivet I ,eeL guodn besses bain eile Aviv noizoennes ys
SS pean peolttieq awe ban emt l® noel of senrernt een Mos

thot wot , exvt0aty? To agnebd

‘fe aa [low a2 „nanu ded? ous eld) svone ese 9T"
13 Te o tdne ens nog vite . sothie Mae 10
a noi{lie evit % ol a ebam Mandl ' nee vd gat
> govt mn of Laned nodnils ets aot 1 10 114 * bad HA,
belesen no i be He- ne e
dito webtswos enen o osere „ ried? lane el a

\ wel nt nnd Laien p been e eit % „e SAT ee
ea oF „Mags! .eratee Leer ‘ina abttod d „ SAF Roque iwend

vino d ,wel snidned Lene & bes ed ben Tae Wien
ben ate Yo need ettT ee e eee e e Ther

WT) .

*
she aprearinge of money, induced speculation; prices aivanced
and over-prodvetion and general bankruptey were the result.
Banks IIe everywhere. Sovereign states failei to pay their
interest. The state of Michigan failed tv pay the interest
on the bonds Joaned the Pontiae Railroad Company. Undar the
law granting the lean, 1 was the party to sign the eoupons,and
1 was ora tine kept busy answering inguiring holders that
they must inquire of the State Treasurer's Office.

1 Dava been for years aosent from the state, and 1 have
nu Knowledge whether the railroad or the state paid the bonds
issued to us, but 1 do know that if the County of Oakland alm
had been compelled to pay it by taxation, it would have been
the most beneficial tax ever levied in that county.

Up to the time the raiiroai was put in operation, it had
cost a avllar and a quarter to move a barrel of flour Prom
Pontiac to Detroit. The day the road was put in operation,
the price was fixed at eighteen and three fourths cents—thus
saving the producer over a dollar a barrel.

For the first year after its completion, 1 was myself in
charge of the shipping department, and forwarded, Por many gon-
secutive uays, over a thousand barrels a day, and yet many of
these same farmers who were so directly benefitted by the old
Flat Kar Road, opposed it in every possible way, from its in-
ception to its vompletion, and if any of them are still alive,
1 have no doubot ill aecuse tieir representatives of corrup-

os.

beereven det (eekgalunce betel | yobs Te saps eric
@lveet. ot sine YOSQuUD Ad Lb i ereP 2am coltoubewt-vews bon
skal yoy OF Lodinl setate mi sr evo? -Creriey seve! badict enn?!
eee wit, veq v2 belie? apeirolN to azase ep? Jeers
mid apial „Cu dw Dausilet ceisnod. etfs tone epee er? fo
as,enhequoe ofr mise of eting ect? sow Ll. ,neot ert neee wad
fei?) steilornk gwtindupel. anivewenn yeud 40d edd a tet ace [
»C0LTIO a regusserT acath. ef? Yo ergsupai aun “ent

GYAS 1 bne ,O2f2 @ 92 mor) seeeoe Bikey TOT. Ord Overt s
ebood os Ding Oface os w Deutliann ai? een esbelwonk of
@rale brwiAsO Yo yenuod eit Ti Sods onA ob I fue % 02) deoeal
feed ove bivov fi ,molrnxate va 271i “eq oF Del leymon ree bpd
„Kendo tats oi boivel teve xat Leteilened seem el?
Bad 24 ,nebtateqo N % , nnn ent emis ere or qv *
mer? nl to letiad # % of ep 6 DNN 111% %%%
„Ho a tego mi sug enw bat ot yar oT „Jenn d ei ns
ane ene eee cot? brie eee e eee saw eee wie
.I 2 tailor * TeVO TSoUdsOTG Of! Brivae
ma ae ae saw I ,moisolqmuo wet e whey set? ote WH.)
me ay ar 5 eee ine eee eee en ene ee Qe eee
20 Fa fn fag e 6 alevian eee eee # 18VO , Yay eVidvoRe
Do ats 60 idee een es ene ow N Gan ovens
mk 474 e eidiusog eee ee eee eee een 401%
„ 9 1% 1 eV" medg Yo yaa TA arte %% n OF MOL 1400
0% Yu „ede U0!) eee ee saueb on eved I

*

tion, fur having voted for the loan.

The Bank of Pontiac was unquestionably an important fae-
tor in the bdullding of the read, and although it commencea its
existence on à meagre capital, it retained the confidence of
the people, and wound up its affairs, leaving less Jiabilities
unpaid than any bank in the state.

About 1545, as near as 1 can remember, the copper cis-
coveries at Lake Superior begun.to attract the avtention of
the people. Permits to iovate a section of land for mining
purpvses were issued to individuals, conditioned te pay the
vovermment a Ziven royalty. I was, by this tino, in a Situa-
tion tu begome a mining auventurer. 1 like nine-tenths of
Lhe business men of the vay, had been compelied te use the
general bankrupt Law to velieve myself of indentedness to in-
solvent corporations and sovereinn states,—all of whom were
in the Seme boat with me, and to. whose Pailures I could justly
charge the necessity of my course. i had bought of the Fund
Commissioners of the State of Indiana, Four hundred thoussnd
dollars of lor six par dent bonds, on which 1 had established
a bank in Uuffaio. These bonus were mostly buveht on a cred
1, at ninety-four cents te the dollar, but bo fore a single
payment matured, the stata failed to pay interest, and her
ponds wepreciatea to less than thirty cents. The bonds being
used as à basis fur banking, must necessarily be sold fur what
they woula bring. They were lodged with the Comptroller of

4.

0 5 ol %%% tol sesov giivedt e nn

rr
eee e eee ana , 2807 on! 16 eee eff ns 102
To somebiines oft eemdaton 44 ,ladiqad otgéen & no enterei xe
Seitiildwil eeel yriveael ,erislla @7. qd ee dae ,Olqgoeg oriz
ene ente mi Amad yw nal ieee

“ib ene oe , 10d@amet “eo 1 % then 8h e PUOGA
9a wo.duerin @# ls nne of unge else yuh edad #6 ene
aninim wil bial Yu lere A Ofavol oF etiarr084 -Glqveq er!
oi? tng OF bettolrionoo ,alaupiviilnl of bmisei otOW Bee0Q sug
—M07ie 6 ai .@mi2 Sih UC baw I -yeleyor nevin # Mineemeved
90 wriftet-erinr edti 1 Te 1UINOVLe eee 8 gaoved oF Ness
ois seu of Roligyinos need Peal . yee al! To com aeé@niend oily
Sid Of seenberdebat To Yisuya oveilet: oF wel Iqnuvépad Caveneg
e1ew sully To [ta-+~,e@e8ete nmlaevoe bra enosgtaiegsee Inova
Keen hives T sowltet evorlw of gun ,em iti 2200 ems efs MI
Biwt et! Fo eitvod bat i = eethoo % te eee en ale equate
rte Nite betonod r40eF .eryiinal Yo qs aek of? To ei etateszemg
Borte tente Ded eite co , ebtod free «eq 418 “eft Io eaaileb
Shei d fwd vifeow Otey eotteod vewlf oial2ot mg Mad &
olariv een gud .Aaliob off of strey wWot-ysemin sa ee
Tori iW , feared eon OF beliel @sa16 ale ere tremeag
Bited eivroc aiT = .eften ytrl? norte aael of betetoeigeD ebnds
n rv? Dlom od yLitnneooen fteum Aviires so? 218ad/h BP bOOU
Se tellow qd af? en benbol exer eet ijt elie oie

hh

N
tie Stute of New York as security for cirsulating notes under
tue generai ounking daw of whew York. As 1 Sa above, after
diving down and coming up aooelved from via liapilities,i was
in a Situation to try mining.

A party of Detroit fentiemen with sume political in
fiuenve, (which was requirei for the purpuse,) votuined suse
permits to locate copper mines on the upper peninsula. John
R. Grout, (who, in efter yeare vecame wealthy by his cunnes-
tion with the copper mining.) ard myself, were seleated to ex-
plory the mining region am locate our permits. “ea took a
steamer as fer as the Sault St.Marie, ana from there, u little
schouner, ea iled the Swallow; lanied ns at Copper Harbor, at
which point were stationed two or three gompanies of soldiers.
% s pont s week or two at the post, makine trips into the in-
terior end along tne coast, sealing some littie veins of black’
oxide of copper, ard one odge of monzenia, but could Pind
nothing we could advise sur company to expand money in develop—
ing. At Copper Harbor we ehartered a bark vance and a couple
of Imians for crew, and sailed and padaled along the coast as
far up as the ab tu of Iron River; wade exeursions into the
interior, only to encounter windfalls ana mosquitees, and fi-
Helly returned to Fuge River on Keweenaw Point, where Colonel
GhArles Gratish was agting as Superintendent for a Boston Con-
pany, which hea leogeted ez segtions at that point, an. were
Sinking a shaft and taking out sume copper, and o¢ecauionelly

65.

10iry e@for o LickWalis ieee e@ AVON" VOR GO "Bae eAs
a6? lo ,6¥ dm Lite 1 af wt wed Geownd weth 2 abeehey BY
e 1. oleic lowll % mus) béeviesus Qu *iinos Dew awed er ivil
* -orinhea Ya e neee d 10
+ ME een erie er ener eee To (ead A
Oops perbatdy (warm ew wo pmaLtupet ebw 4onlwl’, spreads
tut u l. enen enen ee een enen eee eren oo ei
bereden, AE ate) neee
ö betoetoe e den eee baw’! eee ee el ee ey eee eee
AR door oF 6) tanéq vi #7600! bne me tae ee ef? enen
Nite net mort ont ett M. 2 Sub wie eo a0) bh FORMS
e eee ede te len bas let „n KALI eee
ebe th ee ene 4% owd beef e e Mer ay
ar OAS ee ee „. n, ö wit e OFF e, eee ee e
ot 95 nes of telt e aniede et eit e bre ee
e eee tea et ton Yo et Seow ban „ Allen TS dle
eee AL’ venoW lee oF fed, ao oe CPR Bt e re
Ne » bia eat, difa w eee e ov eee eee e
BB % Bil) ene De g der belt de Fun n dot Get t Be
ai enn eee elon eee cor? e eee ats e ee
I reer „eee od ne eee ee e e aan
fenolod orem In e eve PO „er S18 OF e eie
er ee e eee 3 ed Mee whe eee eee
e he n e ee se eee d ber stet e BUN e
ute let eo ine ene se tuo i ne ben ee eee

|

.
gett ing specimens of native silver. We did not like to re-
turn two Deter t without deine semothing. Colonel Grart, as
agent of tie Busten Cumpany, offered tu sal] use a locetion ade
Joining we Eagle River and tee Cliff Vines for Five thovsand
aviidars. These two mines, up to thet tine, were considered
the Banner mines’ oO) de Gsbirict. Professor Jackson, of 80s5=
ton, Nad reporten upon the Kae River as being. enormous ly rich
in Silver, ane the Cliff stowed for itself. A shaft was al-
ready sumk to tie aopth of. two hundred feet or more, and Prom
tiie top teste bottom on one side was a sheet cf pure native
copper fran six to ten inches thick, and men at work at it vith
guid vhisels, cutting is inte pieces of transportable size.
Thais lf vein was near the boundary line of the’ section.
Colonel Gratish offered to sell us the vein oviaentiy running
en te it, prt the #revnd being lower ard more earth overlaying
the ved rock, we gould not prospect it much. 1 was in favor
f seehr i it for our Company but could not get the refusal
ef at untal we returned, and had no authority fran our Canpany
ty purenase it. 1 finelly enterea into a contract to take it
in. my vw nume, and te pay the money to the agent in Detroit,
ats #iven uate, ma receive the papers.

fe then returnec te Detroit, made eur report to the Com-
pany, and told Shem as we were their employees, if they chose
% take t 4 only lecation we had made, they could have at. If
not, A would hold 1% myself. They rasolved to keep it, and

an.

i a >

-o1 oF @All fon bub oF -Tevlie @vilen lo ejemhunge Glin? ep
an ne femehod «bral cue eee stele fee er wis
be nwilupol » at ley & a ieTle . tanga een Om Te saege
bnrevod? evi 1 weadll Tl... e453 ba dennen Olea ead ene
Beiobitiw wiew . ans? Pei: wa gs ,eenla @8) sont -O16i,108
eo to „nos ee ivaet land tes tians Ga le eense 20088 os
Mit ylevewtione aried es sevit wines of ogy <aé.04e1 oi mer
-Lm eaw 3% oe A ‘Meets 101 sowrie Tilt eff one , wvies a
most faa .@tes to fom) cewcws ow Je ee ed! os dase queer
Ovisen et0g 19 fepia a eav. Chie Bu 20 Gertoa oad «f gel wal
ay zi tn ae % nom bus ,Agitd onions 42 of ale ses) euges
‘Oxlo @logtiogexst!’ Yo aepeig wits G4 eee ee ,elewidy Byun
„tees eis To onid ytebniwoa #4 180m new ee Daly malt
ent yitneotive akev at au ilow of weattlo dasgew Lenelod
Baivealipvo figise euom atm towel aeiad Miwon e067 900 , 1 of ae
‘went mi cen i „tum If sueyeow son bigun oy ,Apet Bee ang
inewier mis ten ton pluoce 70d viteq@wt soo tal 2h el ee Ie
Wmagewo wo Mm Nöte un on kat Wim . bean ot oF Lb ene
Si sedate of fortimes a ofui cowetne elion:? I t oan dei a
~fdaraipd «i tnane mi) of enen off wq of keto , amen, ted ya al
-aveqeq elt @vione’ aun 8 bb Nis ote

en G1? OF f1ON eT We sham ,fiertsed of perteli moe! oF
Sees Yel? Ti ,2emyolom ee enen d 62 meade Mot ua ete
BL 654 oval eli Ces ,obnn bet aw meciovod YLn@ eh ephal 02
bua „ „t denn wf bevioem emit -Vireye ct een obyge dé 47 on

„t

on that purghase was located the North American Vining Company,
of which Gorden Williams was President „ und John Bacon, Super-
intendent.

My quota of stock as awarded to me but having just got
through the Gankruptcy Court, 1 felt that 1 gould not well
stand the necessary assassments to Gpen a copper mine, but the
furor for éopper stock at the time enabled me to sell n v stock
for quite a stake. With the eoin received for copoer stock,
I was enabled, at the sale of my assets by the assignee, tu
purchase some that 1 thought the most valuable, and during the
years 1849 and 1450 1 acevmulated enough to leave my family in
comfortable circumstances, while 1 teok, what was then consid-
ered a Creat risk a trip te California. I left Pontiae in
January, 1881, and sailec eerily in Pebruary from New York,for
the mouth of the Charres River. There, for the first time
in my life, saw palms, cocoanut trees, and other tropical pro-
due ions Aix or icht hundred of us were landed here chere
there were no aceommodations save a fer mative huts, eGnsist-
ing of sheds covered with palm leaves. Here we were to pro-
cure boats te eonvey us to Corgona on our way across the Isth-
mus. a I had with me a nephew, Albert, a son of brother Rufus,
AM young man from Detroit, dy the name of George Sam Rice.
¥e three fuvnd a small boat, only bis enovurh to earry our-
selves and our baggage, and got started up the river in advance
of the rest of the passanzers. The arrancement gave us the

37.

neee Hela! ee eee iti.) oe Dersoel omy eentotng Bats ho
-se0u% .wecut ofel brat, 2ootiees9 wow anall li9 epined dati to
» Seed corns

fom #@@:)| ativet fd em © bodies anv avels Tuo Brenp (i
few san bluce i tact? sidd I . stew ewrqustent ef? tigi
Qi? e „ent he Yeuguy PD Mo OF et Hem Ebeer YTAS BODEN ef? Baza
ee vic (lee of om veldern cll elt te Asote eqn rl st
aterte ogee wt Leviese@e: clo ed? Arie -sdate 6 Ofinup Vo?
UF ,@ensiees att vd steeen ym Io elas ef ca , Delcam eg I
ecg wriuuh bas ,eidaulow Zeon eis arinvorty { tel? sawpe seanouw)s
ft ylima? ve @veel of ravore oetaluewone oK Das Berl Sten
ebienot ele wow tetw ,doot I elinde , csornssaniis eldaiqotavo
fl getéroed otal T -ainrotifa® of qint . 4% teem & Bea
203 10% vo mort vreende’ mm vinwe oeltee one , toatl , abhal
Oot? ftenit af? set ,eveiT = .a8vifi semaid eff To Atuom edt
~onq Ineiqot! ietre ben . eset? Sunsooo® , ening wae ott yar at
D. ore Debni sie a0 Yo betel siete Ww AIR. otbiceubd
wtaianoy ,atoct ovis ar wot ao ovne anoltinbeoammese of OTe BRIT
an Of wer OF MOH -soveol mlag dztv cer6wot eBeis Yo wit
-fivel eee aautor Sew 140 ro eee of av Yevnos of Breed a1
eee tetlor To noe « ,e10cLA ,werleer s an drte dat I eon
Bolt wah egroef Io aman eri? yd , 2101900 wo neo yrooy s ite
a YTPD of fnuore "Lo vido ,sacd Ilewe a bre) enrd? oF
Stinvba of tevidt ors ge betinze 2uh boa , eRenped 400 Doe sevies

Weils «vy ever inememarin oT -e19aneeceg eff YW eee4 eff To

*

Opportunzty of securing supplies and accommodations wherever
we reguired them, but I jiad taken precautions to have a lunch
basket put up by the ships steward that would last us tw Pane-
ma. I had oreught along a rifle whach 1 had had made to or-
der, and expected to see more or less game on which to use it.
We bad left the mouth of the Chagres dut a little while when
I saw, laying on a iog near the shore, an ailigator, the first
i had ever seen. I instructed the boatman to approach him
with eure, that 1 micht get a sure shot. 1 took dell berate
aim at him e few inches back of what 1 took tu be his fore
shoulder, thinking it a vitai part, but our native crew laugh-
ed at me Por expecting to hurt an alligator with a buliet, un-
1ese 1 put the bullet into his eye. 1 remember this failure,
as failure iat surely was, as I only awoke him from his nap,ap-
parently uninjured. The next one we aiscovered ] gut near
enough to hit in the eye, and he rolied off the log, flwunder-
ing for a time, then fioated off with his belly uppermost.

Ve camped the Pirst mant in a emall Clearing, where @ native
was raising a few bananas and pine apples, and for a aime or
two gave us tiie run vf the plantation to use and eat all we
cove, During the night, the nuises about us were s new and
unleard Of vy all of us tat Sleep fur a time was ovt of the
aus Aen. Fran one direction a screech or scream would star-
tie us, and we woula inquire of the native what it could be.
"Oh, tat is It ie monkey Mariecana. uy heap of him to take

38.

ae i bre dau 5

nut a evad of en neds? bet 1 aya “ams

ened of a) deol bluew @eds e1tawete dqisle os Ud Qe diy 0

ien of et te mo eee eee e wlom eee oF een oe , “08
node oliriw el m Jud eee ee Vo te ee ot een en OP

Zari? wif ,wodanifin na „te Or? wou gol « m anival ae 1

mist eee of eee eee ee enen «eee seve e
neee -torle nue £ 295 461 1 1 „e Oly

Not eit ed of e an „ acad eto ene n fe ais

eee wero ee ee ee ee eee eee e oi e eee , e vos
7

*

ctu Sellud a eee eee as fui oF eee et e e be
en 2 415 * J „s aiff ord soliud we 70 4 09 92
een ain avon ain ene yino 1 es „ee yAows tk owiles es
teen 205 I bewveoceib Ow SHO 4 ir -bowyiing eee
5 en „801 ols No belies et ono eye ons mb gad Aguene

3 * Utes 4 1 Vie borne. mols „ aw wn
evita „ nr, u ene ii oom „ ab sagan sens wis begun of 6

* nn o 101 bre ,ealqqe eniq brs eanansd wel 6 nd ,x vem
7 ee fis Jae brs eau oF moltiainaliq ead 1 nut OAs 1 wen —
bea WOH ve OOF e TuOde ese.on wir , Ih in os Ans teeny
5 ers * sue sow eais # wl gqeele sau a 99. Ae
| etpse bl uow e 10 eee e eee One n

00 ue 71 2 Ovid e es e eee eee *

9 0 4

n of . dat bei ene ene eee eee sei Ll e

. = *
*

to New York. Presently, from another direction #oula come a t
hoarser yell that wouli almost frighten us. “Umbra, tnt is
that?“ „On, that Marieano coll orang-outang. He sometime
s big" (marking three feet high). Se ovr first night onshore
in the tropics pass. The next day we continued our voyage
to the river, seeing sor las of parrots of all shmdes of color
and size. Oveasionally, we wovia seve a monkey sprineiang hin-
self from tree to tree, but 1 esule not bear to shout them
they looked too human. The wmly game I shot the secum day
ne what 1 took to ve 2 youns alligator, Ke vas on a sand-
spit a few feet Gut of the vater. When I shot him, the bail
went through him, dot did not prevent his making for the river.
At this June ture, one of ovr crew Jumped into the water and
Caught it up in his arms and was bringing it on board the boat.
We all demurred to this, while he insisted it: was gbd to eat,
sll the same as chicken; but, finding us unwilling to have it
in the boat, he took his knife, ripped it open, am took out
at least a half-peck of eggs, nearly the size of bens“ ergs.

i subsequent ly learned that the animal was cailed an Iguana,
and was really eaten by whites as well as by natives of the
ishhnus.

We were able to reach Gorgona aheau of the crowd, and se-
cured pack and riaing mulee and got off before but few of our
feilow-passengers overtook us, lt took three pack animals to
Carry Our bapeage, aud the manner in which they were harnessed

639.

„ h Ie tor nnn ont euv) ,elicneett |= awe oF
ei ats pao „% nl. ivt*svemlse Low Cae Lie wes wa
enlrarce pl „neunten 0 Lito ot er tent 2 alg an l
Ptatago iin sats? %% en nin eee one enen e us
Onsyov tue beunitres ewvel laut aT . Ro a “WB IGh 1 vol? a
nolo» 10 tn iin lo stortge to sliqwe Siflewe , evan of ee
amid pitas iia Yedda sc oee ci gow ow, yi Liroianoul eé st “bra
e~meit.teote wf teed tun ulvos [ 2ud ,9eit oF eont an? e
“eb aves ws tore I eng yiow wif eee vot Betpol yal
tue a tw wae oH „ bf nn wwe a ado) dour fo ntve ea
Lied ots nn tele I vei? 19st aw oily Wo z ges? vod w digs
Stevia ais 501 anid esti frravend t+ bib Fo yar een mew
Sup setae aif unt bon wer 150 % aw ~erarornt, aide fA
feud ais eed ee zl Ine ban wea aid ut qu 28.2090
as of 13 begetent „led nett of korremeb Lie oF
th ewat of griiLiwn w antont? Joo grototio ao enas ef ifs
fuu does ome „ ne J: beqgdét .etini ebi aver obey, d avd oie nt
-ebupe Stnei Yo eaie of ylnaen cage To doeg-Tiat « 2ea0l on
“petaual mp helbas eaw Lacioa off ¢ais eerminel vi tnagpesdcue|d
alt lo aeviten vc as ilow af eettaw yo merase vil aseew im
nete

D D Jevw of lo .ewls eee dozer af elda oie OF
soy Yo wea? tug sisted Yo 209 bee eokum yaseia, fe aoa, oa
of siamine dom venus door 24.86 AoUtneWe enapeneesq-weligt
Opanenzad o10F youd desiw mi senna Old. 408, CaS Re IR Cate

e ‘has

*

was uni gue. The three were all fastenea firmly in a string,
the second one hitched to the tail of the first, and the third
tied to the tail of the second and rade to follow the leader.
1 fount this arranrenent was made % prevent any one of them
dodging off the road inte the forest, which was all the way so
dense that it would be like looking for a needle in a hay stack
to fini one astray, *e mounted our saddle mules and al though
the reads were in horrid condition, we Wade the gity of Panama
before night-fall , and in consequence of bei aliead of the
Crowd, were able to fet quarters for our stay of ten days,
awaiting the sailing of ovr steamer.

There wus mech to be seen at Parana tiat was new to us.
It was, in the first piace, the first walled vity 1 nad ever
seen, au the first holy eathedral. City churehes everywhere,
bells ringing fran morning to night. It seomed tu me that
every other native on the street was in the garb of a oriest,
seine to or coming from a church,—sane of them carrying under
their arms a brace of fighting cocks. 1 asked a resident ac-
yuaintance what it meant, He said that many of the priests
were owners of ficht ing cocks, and did mt hesitate to back
their favorites. he also said that some of them had mastered
the game of poker, and that he lad seen one of them playing a
game . When 4 iady passed tie dor, he pulled out his watch,
morke@ the tine, handen hie carde to a friend, and asked him
to play for him while he went into the churen tw confess the

70.

/ ~mwiinte &2 ri vieriet Bere. uc? fla eaaw cowl eit -M'pyw 460
Sains oe Loo Peat) eda % tant wit of beksin ens Broew aly
-WwLh0l off wollot 62 eb&: ew Broeee of2 “oo Slag ot! of pele
qo lo oo yYos. Soevem ow oda0 a4» e eee off? wed dt
OS “by ery Edn sow doittw . crow? off vitti Born ale Tin’ wtrybob
Shade yal nas Wl boon „ 10% witeol efLL of Blaew 7) sls Gers
oon e bes selum Mt wiv de tuo oF enter ono rt af
Saune? to vile wiz shear ow ,smwlicbroo tet al men ebm ec?
ons To baetin Fried To @orenpeanos mc nore e- em eited
„en not Wo sata Wa 102 erte „e of alan S107 , bwosd
„ me 100 Jo anrtlias s eiésiews

98) of wan e:« Sais enen ta cere en of enen nee
seve Seat i ylivo ballaw geri? ode .endia catr e ot ,oow et
Onetivwyiove nt ale vet .faweiseo o seal) elt inte , nese
pees an of bomtee ci dain o8 animean apy? tinged efied
, feel a 20 Gaaq Oct? mi sow fentte al? Ho evitan velte wise
16hitu eee aes to eme—, lois „ oor? aniews Ww ofe miley
~-m @roiteo: 2 borvus 1 . ee pnisieit Yo waw a eer ticle
eeeeii, 0% To qnan tais blae ot = .tneem 21 eee ommerntaup
And of Meat Ja bib bre ,edcod aniaigtt Io eine ater
Bevesaan oeii more Yo awe dai? Mas vels oi = |. easinovad toate
Nies la ew lo env moose bai wi Jars. toe , eA To etap ete
Motew eid suo Lolly ec , web en? Lesenq you 2 rede). oR
mind bodes bre , bein) # of Birney wil ceOsn@i pond? epee on
on? set ines WwW iewils afr othd shew at ellcdw era ned galg) os

.
N
}

*

sefior ita v hed just bas sd.

There were many things that were new and interesting. In
the market 1 Pound them selling beef by the yard, instead of
bY Lhe pound. lt was cut into thin strips and dried in the
sun, and ‘yet when cooked with Chili peppers was: not unpalata-
ble, The narrow streets were full of great vultures, or bur
key buzzards, sd tame, you lad almost te kick them out of your
Way. Those, 1 leurnea, were protectea oy law, and were the
only scavengers of the city.

Before we sailed, asteamer arrived from California with
2 theuvsand pes sengens; ana it was a singviar fact that they
were infinitely more) quiet and detter behaved than those just
arrived from New York. 1 asked my friena tie resident how he
aceounted for the fact. He said it was a well recognized one,
and the reason was that those returning had seen the elephant,
while those Just going out were in search of him.

In aue ide, we marked on the steamer Panama, one of
the fleet sent out te earry tne mails dy Howland and Ap
the Government, 1 think, having helped to build them, We
coasted alon in sight of land in a sea 80 quiet that an In-
dian dug-out would Imve deen safe, but made no landin until
we reached Acapulco, the eishth day. Here, after entering
the little lana-locked harbor, we were imsediately surrounded
oy imume@rable boats, Mostly loaded with fruit, seeking a war-
ket,—<oranfes, pineapples, lemons, limes, all kinds of melons.

71.

S seu, bat olw apy vefiws

G1 eln lt bin Wert o d C2 Oemiide “ies erm Sie?
Qo Gelen .iiay iF Yo 1 ee tmibfes asi: eee e Gedt oo oj
un DOLw ore nie c.f Ornk 3.m Bow IT -mveg’ ase ve
-fipiagnu Jen 2av Breggeg t4i4u viv eee mull Poy LAS pit
S302 10 ,wSiusiav taviy lo Li wise wl donde SO aT ie
Suoy Te /ue wm avud oF fudmid dell boy , eons oe , reve wil
@ig ien ime d YO bed oHdO Ng Gia , Orvesl | , eat? vow
„( Gi? to e19ynevace dene

NA tei lod wort Levin is «ecdletiew s , beilgv ev outdo
veils See fue? rAlvgniis © 6ae Ci LIA . briseyom? t
faut seal) sat? bevatind witeo be Polup gio gletinttil ese
Qf wort nent een oft en ym bolws 1 Nu wet oor? boviids
ane sesinnoieo: ilew 2 am it fine e -fo0d ofs w Deentvcws
Sage es Nee Led wittinte sell? fant ead foie et One Bee
8 bt e e ee ni ere een fant eed ene

No Qa eee eee te Mm eee ov ente % ale
ane Lia ee et e alton ait unn os % nee elt ene
AS N Difud en arivad airy neee ede
“nl er teim o8 noe 4 wi Drei Se Sagte ol role! sense
Len wiibewl oc ebam red „eee need eval Si vow un- 0
, YWrbwerné vers ,owt = .vab deédaie ev, coldgusA beleget ow
bebndomoe Yletarbeom!t etew oy eee bedeol- eal al rsld ots
em «4 Stee .tiot Atie sepsol ylra ce, 67 cod eee Ww
„teten To anetd Lin .woati jértomd , etl qqaeniq//engiaaem, Dei

A

1 “a

Fach pedlar had a basket attached to a line, and a passenger
wanting fruit wovla de invited to sem down the dimes. The A
fruit would then be put in the basket, and the purchaser coulda ;
haul it up.

It was very amusing to hear some of the young men, who,
before leaving New York nad purehased a book antitled *Spanish
withwt a Master,“ with a view of being able to Speak, against
the time they get to California. Sone of them haa learned
that quanto“ meant *how much” and that oro“ was gold. 1
pros ue those two words formed the bur men of their thoughts.

1 heard one of these sttdents singing out to the podlar, "Qaun-
to oro, two pine apples, ons water melon, ant a dozen cranes!
Now the proportion of Spanish used in this instance was lass
than in the attempt made by another one. There ware boats
alongside, with awnings over them, solivitin™ passengers to go
on shore. 1 heard another of the stvuients ingquirine in a
earnest tone, "Quanto orum, fo ashorum e and 1 have no doubt
he thoreht he was talkine Spanish.

I eonelvded to take a run on shore. The teen seemed to
be livine on the sidewalks. In front of Warly every decor
was spread their merchandise ,—apparantly tot little elise than
fruit and agumiiene, a fiery kim of tipple. We also went to
dec a ship that many years aro was thrown on land some ais tance
by a tidal wave, am has lain there since . A sefiorita, with
a basket of shells and feather flowers, offerei us r wares,

72.

weresgsag o bee eI » oF betoeste tedasc «4 fal FelSeg ioad
eit) .@6nb 9 fweb eee of betivei © Alyow situa? anttnas
bives 10 tig ade Snes „ten ai? mi ug od nee ee Pig
-qu „t Lond

nn . reat de ea% To evoe teal of Winne eeV enw ft
Ma kt“ bellitne end «4 beaaiiwa) Len 210¥ «RY gaivack odie
Stu ene Ages ow ofcA trees 16 wele « Helv ©, 103 088 een
Dertvel 21 apis to emf . n o2 teh vels el? ae
1 „ blog® n ‘otu® . bea ene worl? een
eue it I mot ane etd eee en een ente etrewg
unde er beg „ire t aorwtle menten ereit % ano Nell
“OM evo nee er are eee ono eee ie uve ee oF
bet „ ee ant t of ‘beer t trat Yo nutten ee
eee ener D tettons vd nm aner eee ri naw
n ee eee een eee bee wed? vevo e_riner et nene
„ Mi Ativtopr’ einebrhe ety Yo een maed Tl one tw
faueb thn event [ fret © eaeroriear oy .nerro osfeNN* ee eeaniTAn
-Meitieg® antitat aew et treipnorte ert

OF Diwese nvor att -wtote no mut © ein? of bebuionos f
Tob SveVve Vinee Vo arrow rl \.ellpewalite wit to snuvel et
tte oulw aferil tet yi treneqie— -aelbraio san cont? Bagge eee
of ee oelh oF = Alecks Yo ocd eel) 9 eee ow eto
tn e enoe bret co meow ean o§%8 wien viet Pe girs & a6
r ,s2beohlee § . Gots euels miel snr ute emer isbie 2 +0
sory Tet an Letelio (eterol! «etc set ibreveblenst te pekaniis

E

N
and wien we declined tu buy, sha selected 9 little shel], or
flower, and in most insinuating tones, would say, de presenta,
Sefor,".' and if we accepted, she did not hesitate to state
that she expected “Senor” to presenta her a two-bit piece in
re turn.

While we vere on shore, the passepgers on the steg er
were axcited at a sight they saw approaching; 8eme dozen
boats were nesrine the steamer. Alongside of cach eould ve
sfen some animal swimming, no part of which was in sight bet
A head surmounted oy an enormous pair of horns. They judsed
it to be some sea monster, until told they were Mexican oxen
Deine brought on board to Peed the passengers. Then the ques-
tion arose, “How coulda oxen be taken fran out the water, and
put on board the boat“! The vroblem was soon solved. A
task le and all was lower ed from the yard arm, attached to the
horns of an ox, and three or four sailors wovld hoist him out
of the water, his legs dangling in the air, until hich enough
to clear the bulwarks, when he would be lowered into the cat-
tle pens, there to remain, until ealled for by the ship's bute
cher. After tak i on board the cattle and quantities of
fruit, the anchor was hoisted, and we steamed out of the har-
bor. On ovr way again, we culled at San Blas, Mazat-
lan, am San Diego. Just be fore entering the Bay of SanDiegu,
the monument marking the boundary line between Nexico am Cali-
fornia was pointea out to us. Our next call wie at Monterey.

73.

*

„ „leer err mia wrod at inn
e en br yer Divew eee eee ee ae eee
lava af Gtasinwt Somich ote. er entre or 34. Oe r. 2088R
al. t „d Itd-c>2 £2 Tel Br Haerg OF SI0hOR Losoncasn cele gels
rien

e ra Seren ef? ,viode oo egev ew elit
msob em @ vnnirfomqc: wee yard? n @ ce betiose @7ey
bLluos ene Yo ski epne lA . Mee Gilt wiht2on ne 62 apd
gud enge i eaw it ee Yo fram ot ,Aniomlwe Lomas. erwe nees
boabyt cet ero Te ing evanerns na yo oesnuenrve, bagi #
oxo INM erer ve.2 biw Litnu , ween 202 emoe e868 oh of
“Sep %'2 merit „ "een, sf bast of inex ne Pivoew oid
eR .tetew ate v pad? fan of nro vive vont,“ ,esege- Tee
& -bevics Naos aew mican, Af *"'2e0a ol. biaed mo. e
eis uw Dab zun crm dim ett ant awl ecw Lie” Low olden
Siro wir! Jaton sluow etoliew 10 1o omnd? pon , ee row To, ered
Mette iid Len ate ode og witiqetsd. enel «tt eee elt to
-sa9 odd arnt botewl ac bivow wl medw , edranlud. eff coelo of
-J. a'qide at? yd svt belles.tliane tee of ed ,., ie, aff
Qo eettiomeup bre. ele: an elt bined) ao antdgd 192th... R0me
“16 eff Yo t00 Deveste ov baa , egsiod am sono elt, ua
-Jase% ,<al# aot te celine ew .otage Law UO Bye we
onder Yo «ah at? te nn ereten seul .opet gat. sis ask
-iedD one ooLse neewled enll yiaibtues e@2 ee eee eee wig
eee 14 ew ile sxo 180) eee af fue gegnieg e nne,

we

From Nan Diepo bo Munterey ve te wen so near tle shore that
ovjéects were visible, ani in one instance we ser win of a
dozen or nere elk. With a glass we could see and cuunt, tose
adorned with ent lers. All such sights amt scenes were excite
ing to a ship's load of passengers who were witnessing them
for the first time.

As we neared ovr destination, a change nne ver the ace
tions ani conversation of wany of the passengers. They were
less hilarivus and full af confidence. Many of then were
a bunt to land in a strange country with nearly empty purses,
and i moe no doubt many of than wishea ‘they were back in the
comfortable hanes they hed left. I was particularly struck
by the downeeast look of a couple of well-behaved females that
1 had deen ale w render’ a little assistance to in looking
after their baggage. I asked them why they were so cloomy
now, as we were about to enter the Golden Gate. They answered
with tears and sobs that they hun deen so long on the journey,
which had ost more than they had expected, and they hed out
little left. letters from acquaintances hed fiven such glow-
ing accounts of the ease with which gold was made by all wil-
lim: to work, that they had been inducea to make the journey,

but now they realized the fact that they knew not a soul to

apply to for advice, and heartily wished they were back in
Ohio. I comforted them all 1 could, and advised them to go
to a hotel at which 1 intended to stop. Although it would be

74.

oe,

r *

fart “ews a? eee wet ew vetTe: iu of 26 TE awe
S00 coe 4 wee 6 Souter l ww Wb dee , oldtanv big wee 18
Geud? Jnted bne ov Livuo ow adade'w 19 tLe awe yo ele
—SStx9/ e190 (Sottors tne eltq.c douw 114 eqn longus fo
ami! pileeestiv siow al eee ee een Vo Beet a'gidty o of See
ott? fancies +i

—OS #2) 49ve Geed eynad> a . rw itonitaeh TAO ban antt @w WA
ere (or? S10 eeang oF lo Ym To Holt ewsAvigs “Ow Eo DF
nr to youl -Ourentines Yo [6:2 bs wodrusiiet week
.SGattiy Yi gre Ylwer MWetw Ko nen ewetie nt en aw reds
etn Asad enden vot? orten mai: do teen sdyeb ott evel f pas
een yiseluvlorwmg eae I al bat tele earl alder wep
ome? aniese? wovertec- [fev %o de 6s Io duel seauiwek wifi va
Met M t of guttatetees olssil 2 sone: a elod tea wat |
‘wae iw os ecrew yaoi? viv merit pbeder I . senna “date ne
briowens yolT ( .efn0 nea lod et ttre of fucta giew oF Be von
Mente p hn ëj4 grof oe awed Ler yor Omi? edoe ow ene ds iv
Guu bat veds bow Das un en oe vane nos moiweus beat ee
“Wok Hee tev ly Det semis apes mor? aeveasel ee eherts
LZ II yo aba eew NM r e dirty erne o> To Sriienon Mme
eee Oe sia os et t Need weal Vente w ais”, dew of gneri
Set Loh u Jon wel yes tacit ape? ors begties: «edt worm gor
th Ave weow yirit deriese eee et dae , eotviw got of «igqgs
oy HS wml Seetvbe bea ,Siuce | Lin ewe betiolmap d © .oLtd
e bittew sh rhwolllA 6. gorge oF Lebresid 1 een ce Coste e Of

ar

i
expensive, they would oe surer of good advice than they would

be at sume cheap and perhaps ass ze putable place. fe soon
aropped anchor aoreast of wiat tiere vas on of the ejty of
San Francisco. Tnere were no ducks at which to land, am all
had to go on shore in small beats. I. procured one to. take
dur party, ard was about to leave, when the two females berged
ne to let them go with us. Is a little fearful that I had
gut inte en en tang ine alliance, but the result. proved @uinent—
ly satisfactury. The hotel] at which ve stopped had some ff
ty or Sixty eds, and up to ti.et time the lend lord had heen
ampel lea to employ men to do the chamber work. he was glad
to employ these two Ohio wanen, at five dollars a day each,and
board them, sv timy were made independant. at once, ami 1 have
no douct, if alive, they remember me gratefully to this aay.
The city of fan Freangisco presented a crude and strange
appearance . About every other building was made principally
of canvas, and at least one out of every three was a saloon and
Gtuubling den, with a ond of music to attract customers. The
Zaming tables were surroundes. by reugh-looking, long-pearded
Wen, With boots outsiae their pantaloons, all with pistols
strapped to treir wrists, and many of them with a handle ofa
bowie knife protruding from their bootleg. Some of them were
sher am intently watechine the game in which they were invest-
ing their honey, while others were hilariously drunk, and sing-
ind Saechanalian songs. The morning after our first night in

75.

bluow venus cad? eoi¥bp bous te wesnws oo Slyuow veds , evi agnegeze
nA wh -99A.9 S'Geidg yi Geek Uy wlisog had qaede- eee baled
le «tiv eo To aod! esy oi@i2 dale le cenotue meions begged
Ife mip ,biml wo foddw S68 «toub of o19F nen sutveionany aak
Oda! G1. ao eus SI 800 liom 4 Mae tte OB Of Be
Dog ad eeoleme™ ovf ef neiw ,oveael w Juda waw ae yi 18g ae
bad 1 sais eulen eCtat! « ew lL eeu Heat «4 owls 10f) oF oo
Snenise Bevow use ait sud , eonaliie euitiaraine ne wil den
“119 emoe bal edge ew ep uiw tn Letod eft -Yrarostasl Heegl
feed fac bvolbtial aif ele %5.14 of qu Bia , abe Yona sO yf
Bein em Oh 4 Naor tedruatio els ob. of. rom yolgam et bal loqano
ina, cone yah a ermdlob evil 2h , aheww nne Owe event yolqwe. or
eva I emp ene fe Stebriegeizti siem ssem emit O8 Eis Bisad
“ver Mas of Amen en 19d memes vans ,evila Ti, omer of
ante bia u B Tanne eee tt aa? Yorws 26 @l%
Latente eran eaw Hun tedeo voeve,.towA enen een
fen moon n eaw ont wreve Yo 200 we Jeael. ta Aum fewipe To
wit .6temaveun Joanzia a? ciain Tw. o10 A Uae ,coe aniidgan
babnwod-anol , atideol-tque, yd Sed ues ey eselds: apa
Isa dtin in ,anonlini mec si? abipeve €fo0d ddim yeton
Bde olnoaai bein met: Do. cn bw ,0fai 7s 11.2 of Boygette
% mei: to amon Reftood tied? mont? mitbiweow “ind elvod
-Ieevnl orew vod! doltuw ns eran oft cortidosew el fneres wie sed08
tiv bos , Swab elevdeisalld esow ereizo ality \.Qedo8 41 08, wi
gi nett 41 40 11 unt mo eff „ ee arne 4ai

aw

San Francisco, the daily papers announced but two men found in
the streets with holes through them, and it was thought a shat
crop. Not a few of those found dead on the streets in those
days were suicides. Men who had been successful in the dig-
gings and had made what they thought would nale them conforta-
ble for life, would come down to San Francisco, and wiiile wait-
ing the sailing of the homeward-bound steamer, would be seduc-
ed to visit one of these Hells, and, looking upon the cane,
would see some one (who vas probably a confederate) winning
thousands of dollars, A man, in his folly, woulda think he
could double the pile he had brought from the mines, and the
result would be that in a few hours all would be gone ad it
is not improbable that he had already advised his „fe, er his
mother, that he had made ten or twenty thousand dollars, and
should sail for home on the next steamer.

Some of the Argonauts could and did bear up umer such a
state of facts, and borrowed of a frieni enougi: to take them
back tu the mines to delve for more; while others, more sen-
Sitive, rather than acknowledge their wickedness and fully,
preferrei to shuffle off this mortal coil, anu they were the
ones that furnished a fair percentage of those found drowned,
ani in the street. 1 had brought with me a few thousanu dol-
lars, thinking 1 might see something in which 1 woula like to
invest, but when 1 saw how money was vsed—alnwst exclusively
im gambling games~—1 made up my mim to buy a bill of exchange,

76.

ni iavol new ow! tod Batrvonna ewghe (Lieb oe ose punint «®t
foie A nent erw tl Bie . oede dave ut? een driwereewe af?
nne oi sioutze te mo baer uu seods to wl @ 70H 8. gotD
etibp @'S ni [Mleseotle wee bed a net +Pabrulvue eew eyab

-B210"oo matt efean Bivow siipvoriy tene ai eben bal te Sane

-Jinw eltiv base ,opelonaniT tta8 os mvob anced blvd . Mil add eid

bee d bioow ,1ecmese Drrved-bi awemor eff te onilins ed? gig
eo of nogn BS ldool , bis ,elfell eesi) To eno +felv af BO
Qninmni+» (esstedndinos « vidséat, em ulv) é@no ese bed Bid
ol Aids pivow Ne eli mi „ A . LI % nen!
ent n e en e aff mort eee bet af e ef? efduck bigos
2f Gan, teh od Hues [la ei wel a nt sec? of ro uss
Sid w,@liw «id eee een bat of farts eh een tat el
bid „ Lob Snap Gods Nest 4% nwt ab, Lod wi Pely ele
-tersess fxett eit du emo adt Ltas Sf vote

4 Hobe set “Gt 120d bin Sab Lf uve usted e Yo n
ml ef of gues ifGitl 5 lo bewordd ont eee? To ernie
ofee wiom ,siedto elidw ,etat tol evleh @ eatin ai: GF done
Li baw „„ eier aiel? pel wondos nal? ent . ovivie
eit e165 «el “bas „ITT CA eit? To efftuadé oF tevtolemy
‘boner Lub? ebods Yo netten te ast & Bele Briv? 2a? een
=lob nent wet a aad ditwe siqgdors tat [ „een alr at Bee
oF efit bluow I Aollw ni Mildsemoe cos 24h de i Oildnd . erat
UUevievloxe faonls— eeu aoe youda Fo tee 1 nedw Gos eee
n e ‘lo Liic „ yas oF hie Ye qe ebbh 1 eee) e at

*

“Ts.
W

am sent it N my banker in New York for safety. Vr. Rioe,
our fellov-passenger, Came out to take a position in the Cus-
tom House, then just established, with Thomas Butler line, as
Collector. We saw him installed, und then started for the
mines.

David M. Hinsdale (who haa a year before this married our
Sister Clarlotte, next older than myself) and A. I. and B.v.#il
liams, uncles of my nephew Albert, were mining in Nevada, and
we made that our objective point. We found them all deep in
the mystery of mining, as they were working thirty feet under
groum, digging out gravel on and near the bed rock, senaing
it to the surface with the aid of a windlass and tub, then
carting it nearly haif a mile to the creek, ami there washing
it. We founa 8.C.Williams astride a tub, the half of a whis-
key ea sk filleu with water, a twelve-quvart pan in his lend,
filled so fer as we deu see with dirt and gravel. At his
suggestion we watched his operation, seeing the dirt in the
pan grewing less and less, until finally we could begin to see
amass of yellow, glittering fold, When he was done manipu-
lating it he weighed it upon his scales,-anu there was Fifteen
hurdirew. volilars' worth, ana we vors told it was the result of
one day's work of three of them.

About the time ve arrived, Mr.Hinsdale and the filiiave
brothers hau nearly exhausted their claims at Nevada anu were
on the lowvkout fur further diggings. They had discovered

77.

PALA. «ts olnw to agoY vol af teknad we of Sule Sh Aine arin
wun all md Molde iaog 8 @Aas OF 2p Omeo .. eee enen e
BA - e Nalin eee diiw , bofedloasas ee weds eee pie
wig 102 besuate ets Bue wetingant mit we a8, .weaveliod
ene
ub een e ee atts eee ee sacy a Lal eee eee 4 bived

LiF .0.0 doe . , bie ee madt_isilo en , 40d 40%
bna nv at yiinim en el et en eo Yo eoloru , en
mi ge iis wer duvol eof -iniog Ovstvetce tuo tals exam e
sebnu reel ysis Britton n yet? ef nn To yieleva os
* ee ,xom bed eis reer bre mo LevarR 2m eee een;
els ,dut toe asalontv a to bie elt Arty soalwe eit of 24
Miidesy ores ins ,Ageto wis of olim a tll ylaaen tk. ens
-sisiw s Ye Then edt .dut © obstses emmllli¥.9.8 gigul of at
ant wid of maq Sigup-eview?s » , eee driv sell dose ges
eich tA „ern bane mie er ome Llu ow #2 3 ob bells
ei? mi tuib wi yntens ,aolrsiego ail bolded ew ow ots aeggue
See oF niged bluvo ew ylians) iisnu , evel one aeel ou woea8 ting
“Hqittie enob eew al not® dLoy mrinerstily ,wolley to sesame
nh ear erp? cop-,eolaoe wif mnogu tL bedatoyw wt ti anital
Yo tivee OU ser 2h abot ot9w ow aw ee eee 'agelioy soutien
| edt “ly eee to Anew a'yah one

Sons. LAP oO Oy Oi abeo th. „ Yavin oy quit ene suas 4
erm Lim sbeve’ te acials tede beseumize lee e bad ereizers
dereyourih e ene e en 50) e ee ale 19

‘SY

what they thought would be a paying locality, if it could be
supplied with water. ‘they made a survey, and found that with
the outlay of labor and money a ditch could de nade from Deer
Creek near Nevada, and water diverted to Randolph Hill,-a dis-
tance of nine miles. Water ditches of any length were un-
known, and the undertaking was looked upon as gigantic,-and
muny conservative men prognusticated their ruin. Before they
nud exhausted their claims ut Nevada, however, they had @
Stream of Water running through nine wiles of uten, that
would supply thirty men.

While this ditch was veins; made,my nephew and Lysell f had
selected some frouna near where it was to terminate,that prose
pected fairly upon the surface. At Nevada,1l hau seen the
some kim of ground suvcessfully worked, by digging a at oeh
through a foot or two of gravel that overlaid a soft granite
bed rock; then into this ved roek a foot or so, and turning a
stream of water through this bed rock ditch, su located, that
1% would run with a goou, sharp current. Next, shovel a Foot
vr two of top sravel and dirt on to the bed ruck diteh, leav-
ing the current to sweep through the diteh, and to carry off
the dirt ana gravel, leaviryg, the gold pehina. Then carefully”
scrape the buttoem of the ditch, and wash it out in d pan.

1 made up my mim 1 could improve on this plan de using
iumber. 1 went to the only saw mill in tie county, am ata
cost of one hundred dollars per thvusand,ordered lumber for a

78.

Le a

’ a

ed bios +i 1 . cn @ oo boy?

e sats eee vee dene e shee deer eee

tun
1000 mot? at n o¢ % dosty & Yenom tre todal Yo ane lr
coli #-, TLiM ena of ‘her -tevidd torey Dan , abaya sien deerd
My e1ew figgiel (ne To emlosth den 6 01 t enin lo votes ;
“prt bi tui es e, beef sow grixedvabw ef? bas een ;
vet 1 enn ten e ee eee mex evitevisenod en
a un cr „ e cen eee se eee inet? petecatxd burl
‘Sant „ lb % en t eee gnintvs e e To eee
3 N en Alt due RU
Bed ee bein wegen vn, 0 n i e sew Horth eine “ohare |
0% Jatt, e Ante US on e tene 1 ent LNW abe oben
Nets n L Labivoil yA lie att road Vitter ia
Hocico 6 Dt yo enteo (Lid eesvuve Nee 1% Nit alate
e@tinstg Plow 4 D. I sat? lers Yo ows to #004 a nenn
1 wiles wie “los io r a keot Bed win? oda? wate ! Wen wou
fade et ve ,dotio det bot Sut) sud ur “wis To ieperys
“Pout „ Totte eb . th due koe A od ot bie
en eee Son hes’ edt of ro l e Tevet gor To Swit
“Po Yet oF baw , e 1b ‘erly Myo? d (0? Snes «2 ya |
ulneue mont tes bio wir . ret lest Nun lb ey
„nd a N. Guo 4 unn Keen ed? Yo er f Sgaite

anieu <a wale t mw ee eee bivos I atta en qo aban I ia

n te bw Nenn alt mi Lilm vas Yitlo Oh? oF Jaew 1 soa *
„ e eee ee eee iq et ee „eee ee Roy
> A ö 5

Slvice one hundred and fifty feet long —tle bottom board to
be sawed, tapering fourteen inches at one end and twelve at the
other, so that whem a sive board was mal lea on each side of
thas bottan, the narrow end woula enter the wide ,—-stove-pipe
fashion thus furming @ water-tight sluice into which to shovel
earth. Abuvt the tine we gut our sluice set, it commenced to
rain and snow, ana gave us an abundance of water. 1 told
Alber t, (for whuse benefit 1 was working, as 1 dad not come out
to stay but a few wonths,) to hire: four men, put two on each
Gide the sivice, and commence washing, while he forked out the
rocks the water woulda not run out. Albert was fearful that
he would not get enough to pay the hired men, as eirht dollars
A day each was as cheap es we coula hire, but at night of the
first day we took up fifty-four dollars, ard 1 coulda see con-
Siderable fine gold in the shives of the rough, newly-saved
boartis ~—all of which we could get, as the boarus wore smowth.
This, at the time, was an entirely new style of mining, ana
before the week was out over five hundred men lad come to see
the machine fur getting go id. It certainly was a great im-
provement on former moaes, ana haa 1 obtained a patent for it,
a very small royalty would have nade me a furtune, for, by its
means, many millions have heen realized in the placers.

Albert continued successful and took out enough over wa-
ges to pay me all 1 had advanced him to muke the journey.
Seeing him do tg well, J commenced prospecting to see if 1

79.

|

os bined war sed wlfee,anol Feel (tts? one beabaull wiaees ivle
ot) te eview bra bae eno :' veilonmi ceettmol gpiistegad .bewee ed
10% abie done no lien err ee S5:4 5 eaw fee Ww , ewe
8g i4-evote-,@biw od? angne olggw Dne wore ets, ww wel
fevoria oF d ue ornt eotule tigts- isu © yithetie) ecu -iwiihent
of sGonmanoo 21 woe eoiula 190 208 a ould O82 JOGA if 10
Bios 1 tates lo Genes 1h oe OVER bee yeu te hat
suo @nyo fom Lae I 4 „ Baits am | scared geartw 1g, eects
4 6 % owl tug tene 1603 ee us e eee ee en 4 dad eee 08
@it tuo enten ai Lets nt en eee Sow een eee een
Ste Cute wow ee «suo mi tan eee eee ee nee
ob ce an „ nen bein K yaq of Anions 363 fon Divew ied
giz Yo frigate fud ,eutd oluwo a se qaxh 46 tow uae yee
Moe d bite 1 bon .otellob en- ent qu t ow qh gett?
_Perae-tiwen ,dguet ode to sevice e e alog a? eldninbie
tt unas stow aotnud ely ea e Diaoo sw tetdw lo J14—elrraod
pm „nit to olyve wen ylerisne 4a eee, of? ge , eit
b of amon bal cen beni evsl 19v0 ¢u0 Ser dsow off He.
“mt #80 & any vininines 3] Dio Ms 720m FO? @tivipamt ee
22 201 Mnetaq » Leniasco 1 vel orm , Sapom tomt6? nO Srieesveng
ert ed, tot ,enurit 2° am eran ovat bluow yeinyes [iene yiev &
„ hr I ett mit beostiae need evel enoiliim ynam , ena

— ae tvone 200 foos bon LW lecevors hounkenaa, tuedfA «
rene es odem of mini georevoe bel 1 Lie ont yaq oF ee
i * ome of at tonqecty Depa [ , iow e sabe Babee

eV

could not find the vein out of which this gold foum in the
surface garth lad come.

i finaliy suvceeded in getting control of a vein that
luuked promising, 1 could get a fair pan prespect fru. the
decomposed rock, am much of the solid vein showed gels when
puiverized. I boxed up forty er fifty pounds of the rock ,and
started for San Francisco. bout my only acquaintance being
in the Custom House, | vent there at once. Ail the officers,
from Mr. ing down to the inspectors, were anxious to subscribe
for stock. A gompany was formed and the stock issued, one
fourth of wich as to be unassessable, am retained by me for
tie location. The three-quarters were awarded to the sub-
scribers, subiect to assessment, as funds were reguirea for
development. By this time, Albert had nearly workea out his
Claim at Rough and Ready, am was offered the super intendency
of the mine, at ten dollars a day salary. He sold his slwui-
das and tools and went to work Por the cumpany, and comuenced
sinking a shaft upon the vein. About this tine, thinking 1
had mede arrangements that would insure ine all the rey 4
shovla ever want, 1 was ready to sail for howe. In my hune-
Ward trip 1 met with no exciting, eplsore. Twenty-six days
brought me to Vetroit, in the morning, just after the cars had
started for Pontiac; but my friend, Julm Strone, knovint my
anxiety to see my wife ana ehiduren, voluntarily offered me
the use of his trotting ponies, am with them 1 made anovt as

30.

ely mh boucl blas ehh doldw Yo suo t ert inff ven ss
-O8@ Lei diaar os sls

jal: ale 2 Jo fn een ai Lovponouw valeni i
ow «ysl soegeutg ag abe? # ten bhuvo 1 atte lourn, Ledvod
„ Lon bewarle niev biive eit lo coum ke , doot Des nne
tytn, een Go. To. ainvog xsi) ao ysne? qu Loacd | - desi Oving
Ahind eoratntespos IIe ye ferent .ovecaiens ap? wt. berunte
nnr Mio ots LIA .e070 e ene ime L coro mean. ong ol
Sdinovdve of stolxra stow , „det M ef! v2 MrokL uA. e aod
me , beveet tooce ong doe beat}. caw guagmor.A «teote 108
102 en YO ente et bar , oldserareany 94.0) en fete wm dpigel
on @(f of cLairewr eins eae iiaupe nein? eds -tisaoel og
/ Aol seiiupe sew shal 6a . Srlemsaeasa OF POH GUS, nenne
Gif fue oehtw «lian ved g100clA . emi? wink va tnaengeo Levee
Uotrelnesnineqie sis borsT to caw ins , yeaet ine Apen es inte
~itie wid) blow of “iniees yt @ anrelloab ned. ts. ,ontia aid oe
Decorviawe Lire ..fieyows erly wit Ao ot zmew ene eLool: ire, end
K wrt Aved? , wills einr 2yoagA . stew ait Nude @Iade.ms grblake
L ~va@ron ef? Lie om ewoent dlvow jaw etnemeprmisa eben bert
Sr yamt «emt tol Lione.oe pores 1 ene save cleors
(OMe) e- uss -Ox0eiqe eie tee wo et gon 1 qiw ne
bast eine ede anita veut re „f as ,sien700 of en een
yet run ogre? iol „ th ya feu 70a) tous awl porate
* betedle yliretquley steasiide sate elle Um eos of efetare
a2 % ebat i apa ioe ome ,s0ineg aAnitce1s #48 Wo env) ert?

*

E 7
good time as the old Flat Bar Rail would allow. 1 was absent

this time out little more than six months, but 1 was amon the
first of the Argonauts to return, and was for a time qvate a
lion. People who had friends in that far-off land cane lorg
distances to see and talk with one who had lived to go nere
and return. 1 lau been cack but about three months when let-
ters from Albert informed me the mines were likely to be »
failvre. He lud sunk sixty feet on the vein, found gold all
the way, but a littie small engine and a chill mill could
not work enough to pay expenses. At the end of three nonths,
they found themseives three thousand dollars behind, stock -
holders discouraged, and unwilling to pay more ass@ssmenis, and
were finally sold cut. Wheat rock they worked averaged fifty
dollars a ton, and in after years was worked with great suc-
dess, and produced some millians of dollars. vere properly
ends my reminiscences of my first trip to Califurnia.

Since then 1 have made fifteen more trips over this same
isthmus route, making thirty-two tines 1 have croesea the Isth-
mus of Panama in going and returning, and in all of these trips
1 lave never been sick for an hour, nor has there bean any sr.
Ness dy n Nunber of young men who have, at aifferent times ,made
the voyage with me in tie vapacity of empluyees and acqgvain-
tance.

About a year after 1 re turned from ay first trip, 1 o-
changeu my homestead and a ial property at Pontiac fur a vrop-

ai.

ineedn s i wolfm Bluov iia a4 @alT Blo Gin ae emis Yiee®
le “rows U | sud , adda sce ase orem elssht 200 regs. wuss
a tu ent? „ % @aweiad muse oe esuniaegtA ent tu Sanit
gwiol ewe bel No- fair a. Aten bei ofwralgest oak
. os or bevil arf ow ene iriw Alay Sew eon G@ eewinsasd
<Sel wetw efivau eeu) tuoce t0uc Avail nooo pat | tu n ene
wooed of ¢leAll otew eenim at) oc boonotnt 27H LA Aor) e289

fia biog Wrud .nlov ed? no fest \y?xta dnve Dat oh. .onsliat
Dh {iim Ine 2 Dita anigne Liem alfsiiia tod. ,yourn
n en eos Io bre aly JA eee sg of nene ee Jat
~ 1 pasties etnlles bnssuaizs sents eaviesmds ud gear
Dns si neheu Oden Mies yaqg of wikiliwnd bus , Be aetw0808es > acablul
44919 ceosatevea bodtur yet! Avow sawit® %% Sloe (nt ertev
“dia taetR 16 1% Dee en Bisey 1% u ot Dua „% „ esaiiob
Nee ens 611% 10 en emee eee ene was eee
„Aten ad eF drt tent ee e wounessin iam. ys eee

Git so OL ee enen ee eee een een eee bo nots: ene

ee ie bosento over 1 „e eder etre een eee een eee
rere
See na used w10/l2 eot to” een mm er dere eee eee eval d
Svar) GQemic ireieliiae 2A. ev el ote Nom muede wedi o Yd suet
“nievyoo bane esovolg @ To Gloag ee els mi eu viliw egsyoR ant?
„Dun

1% 1 e „l en ee en en 1 % te et e e
Gene ao ‘WA ee eee ee ene eee ee dow eee e

48

@rty at Roslyn, Long Is land, and moved my family to that place.
Some of my nephews, who were living in New York at that time,
will remember how lovely the view from our front door, looking
out into the harbor, as, what bauutiful, shady urives there
were all over the North Shore, and the nice driving horses
that Unele Sher." broucht from the West;—bout if they lave for-
gotten these fects, | am inclined to believe they stiil remen-
ber the hospitable bee tines they received from their Aunt
Mareia, and from their cousins, Mareia and Sallie.

Althoveh I had as good farm as there was on Tong Island,
1 fuuna it to 1011 ari quiet a life among an orderly quaker
community, and haa not excitement enough to keep ma from rust-
ing. 1 had a uesire to see California again, and mode up my
mind to ge out onde more. Mr. Rice, the same person who went
with me on my first trip and whom 1 bed left in the Custom
House in San Francisco, had also come back, ani had been home
long enovgeh to be ready to repeat the trip. he fore he left
the Pacific, a discovery had been rege of phenomenal rich dig-
gings in tne beach sani of the Ovean at a place called Port
Oxford, about four hundred miles north of San Franeisco. The
fold in this lueality was said to be 8% fino that it was dif-
fievlt to save it by any washings process in use, but a *Smart
Alleck® had invented a machine that was supposea te be the
thing to overcome all this trouble and, in the language of
Colonel Sellers, there would be "millions in 1.

ae.

ool, tate of (Ii ye ievon Dna ,boelel gnel .cvlauti &F ove
ett? Jadt ta AnOY wok ar wisetl erm ow .evaiqen ge to eowt
Sn KAC Avok moni we most weiv ett eLevol: nn tadmewer ilies

ote? eeviak (ome eee Sadw .eow nud imi eff of nt pue
Seetol Nr seein @is ban . e018 rot at? “Ave dia ede

10) ovai-yverls 3s sud——,se0F @2 mon? siguowd*.nai? tte

-cmnni litte vets everiog oc Letten oor [) efont obey ese
run A orl bsevinoe: ceils er ern neee mls .

Ilan Un enn ente tie? cm? en tene

e et no agw neee en ots? a dow, er ent eee
ane eee oo lee eee Setup Bre Ligh wr sh enen

fer cot? on qoet of davote gromedtiuxs fon bel bas , ys eee
Wi qe ahem’ bre Rant ettmoti{[sd %% oF Mmisno es bat lt) ome

ener ow donne eca® ef , oorF 4 cron gio 240 oy ow ble
moseuD eg nr Stel bet i awrhe Bee git? sent? yt rooms e
erat tees Lei ina ,dend emuv oalr oul ,ovssonett o“zP of anol
Stel ed eroter %% @it csaget ot en 26 Of dquo ywl
“mb dot: Langewnetg to eiom noes bai yievowe td @ , oi tres? a
sw DI Sen a 2m Hertie al We ieee rigger ot WE ee
O1T .wotioranT wef to dene eolim Lettie wot rowas , bets
fetib wa 3: sails eonrl « od of bina eau vi ilaevol apis ot Me
ftom? 6 gud ,o@u nt aee007% ee yrs yO 21 Was ot Gluett
Sif od of oesogque ese Pele enisloam eo yesrrewsh ball “AGeLDA

To onsipemt ety ca , bnew eldue wr eild Dis eswoneve wos grin
*.¢( mi emoctiia® a blouse oveng 4) enelio® Genoied

«bis

we

The machine was maée something like a threshing machine
on a small scale;—a cylinder, revolved in a box. In this
Cylinder were numerous spikes, and as it revolved, the spikes
would Wadearuvund in the sam in the bottam of the box, and
these spikes, being magnets, would pick up the iron sand, put
when it revolved to a certain point, the spikes, by some pro-
cess, cease) to have magnetic power, and would drop of? tle
sani on to a belt running in another airection. We tried one
of the machines with sand that banker s, who had purchased gold
dust but partly cleaned, had taken out with horse shoe magne ts,
end of course the machine worked beautifully, so we coneluded
to buy one and go tw the beach diggings.

¥e sailed from New York this time about the first of June,
19 53 ow
1855 ,-went through much the same scenes ami incidents as upon
our first trip, until we reached Panama. There we foum that
the ship for which we had tickets had been wrecked on her down-
ward trip. The agent, however, made arrangements with the
Competing line to sem us forward on the Golden Gate.

The consequence of this change was 2 crowd of a thousand
passengers when there should have been but half the number, but
earefui use of quinine kept Mr.Kace and two young men from uf
falo and myself, who were ocevpants of the ore state ron, in
perfect health auring the fifteen days, duo we nd on board
the ship both cholera and yellow fever, ami quite a number
were buried at sea.

33.

tr e urivfeends Aepdll onietzemos eBen een nine wT
91 1 al aod 6 mk bovlovet ente eier e
Seines wi? , bevioves oie ivm , eodige een eer ceo live
eta nod e lu mee zed reise OS wie Off Hs) een i Loe
tua. ,Onae got mls qu. doiq blvow .srenqen anied , sedige sew
-079 ee yo ,ectige wi? ,Aniag niet ier a of bovioves 2) netiv
@r “lo qo bluow Bw dere oliaeqQan eval oF mene , 4an0
fie heii) oP -‘Mositentm vetiem at wiinngt 3fed 2 uF moO babe
Dun Desstiowig bat ale ,snedmso e Ste ines Aftw secnisheat wl Ao
Siemon euwie eatal deiw suo mode? det , bomaels yitim ow seuk
bebutonoo ew.ce ,¢iivlisuged Ledwr ontioean eff eaiwoo Tosiue
S tir cue O82 CF oD ONS Ble “Ud—eeT

asl 8a sastd wit tuven ards ets AtoY wok worl celine oF
mod 06 slnecioni ee soreoes Oare «i! coun Mique nd —
fads et eee ew vial?! eee eee ebene eee danit te
five tater e toate coed cet eee Dan ett ac) mide gy
ody Aliv efcorsom ma ecam „ teren „nene ar «§.qgiw ine
„enn ueblod eft so Maewiol 06 ines of er ad, phe en.

ern mn lo cwow 2 Baw omtarh e:ir to eeneupeateo aff .

oad, thie ofc tial suo moo. ovot) oi vote esed? neiv esepesaeng
wi me nom meee 6 ows Bre e M dyed le en te pas iow,
mt (Mul efaete aro edf Io ende de sew nen enten eee alg?
based. fo Cal. c $s t ue 1 edt, tee eee Lee veetneg
dn & ofirup en , were} woliey bas ele den de ale
: . ee Ja 294 Wd) ew

— *

8

The only episode that occurred out of the ordinary was
the aGisclplining of one of the waiters, which rad a remarkable
anfluence er the fortune of one of our roommates fran Buffa-
lo. This waiter was guilty of some offense for which the cap-
tain ordereu him put into the stocks. The stocks were no
nore nr less than a ask or barrel minus tie heads, with holes
near the centre large enough tw admit his arms, (one on each
side,) amd when put on him, lus ead was gust avove the top,
m his arms hanging down on each side. Hie could neitrer sit
nor lay down. In this dress he was marchea on to. the prome-
Made deck, anu for an hour was the observed of all observers.
Presently «a Polish Jew thovugl.t proper to interfere, lla went
tu the captain anu told him it was an outrage, and if he did
Not release the waiter at once, he himself woulda do so. The
Captain told him very mildly tiat he had better leave the dis-
Spline of the slip tw nim. Tie Jew continued to threaten
lutiny unless the waiter were released, am tie captain final-
ly. told him that 4 woulda call the mite, ma hava him taken
wut. When the mate appeared, tie captain, without ama
countenance or leaving his seat, directed him to take tie wai-
ter aot of the barrel and put the Jew in. He. was kept there
for an hour or more and not releasea until he promiseu mt to
interfere again with the ship's management. This episode was
a relief to the monotony of the voyage, and gave us a theme
fur conversation. Nine of every ten of the passencers were

34.

— q he win
ome an. 1 ithe

th. rt b » Saris. Auna og ¢ 7

. a i 7 a | a
eldakicamt « bat doidw ,erecinw edt W% mo lo greutiq: ak wig

1% e eee en ee Je eto To eee eden ot * buen

ie ies lu i 1d eenelloe ance Jo (ii sew wet lew bis] 4 =
; ‘
Of Nen Bkvove aT .ateove ols osMs Jug ad einen oie

la Jiview ,ebaewi ait eunian demic % Asano me ewnl mm N
4
singe uo aw) ,worte elf timbe of yore egsel eita0eo eis —
en wi? eee Jeu, saw som. eee e e ee mer orm. een :

ie tmrier Diggs ef eee e ee ao Ovol wiignal ems eft oe
‘* c

*
eng ett of no see eow wl „ere „e. gel son
9

eee {La lo bovusedo mis eae teen ng 103 e , Abel spe

6
rn eit Ptsteieint of rsgedqg f.iave.) eel jaglot «yl mowed

‘

tA
Deb at 32 ire este me sew 32 mail clos anh miasyas GU .

d ub LLvow deen en „ te 22 ne r ener halt a7

‘ 2B ead dene werieod ber orf tmeis vinlim ynov asd. ola N

„ ao -u oF Dunne wel a@iT min wi qiue ont Te wigio
1
enn eee wis oa een esew eee orl esting Writ 5

» ;
gates cilt! pvead ore . or an wle (Leo Mues wi eat? «id a ie

mop

i eee fy 0% caw ott fk vel wir sug ima Lenses eit to 0 am.)

Biya.» Mee tiatano ali2 , teaseqye ian ols nei

i 5
. wi pint oF mi eee .2pee eld wrtveel 1 ene

or bert Leper of Ltée beapelor tum bean siom yo mot m 01
Sat sivuige we Lit

. nnen e'gitie als Athy a er

‘a ously Aw even bow eee a Yo wor orem e

r

wen eueeese sd sie de fes wee % , deen
7 7 ca ® - 7 U

heartily with the captain, out the Jew had his partisans alw,
and they could see no necessity for autocratic power in a
ship's captain. One of ovr rvom mates was on las way to Vai-
ifernmia to copmenece his career as a lawyer, ami douodting tie
rigitt (in a legal sense) for the captain to prescri be the pun-
ishment Por threatenea mutiny, econceivea the idea of gettin
de fore the courts in San Franciseo,-armd, perhaps, & contingent
fee. The Jew, before leaving the ship, had authorizes him to
arrest the captain for imprisonment in tie@ marrei, eto.

The thara day after the landing the captain was brovgeht
befure the court, and our room mate made a sensational speech.
He painted in vivid gvlors the tyrannical cruelties of these
autvcratic sea captains, ana a jury (probably the friends of
the Jew) awarded ten thousand dollars uamages, anu the Stean-
ship Canpany had it to pay. This little unforeseen ciareum-
stance, which probably originated oy a dishwasher having care-
lessly broken a platter, or spilled a pw of pravy, nut only
@ave an asviring young lawyer a stake, but the fact wat he
haa mutilated a powerful steguship company for ten thousand
dollars, gave hun a start as a lawyer, and in less tian two
years he was hade alturney-general of We state.

Mr. Rice and myself remained in San Francisco but a few
days, when we tovk passage on the Oregon steaner for Crescent
City, that being the nearest landing tw the coast digeing,s.

We found, after the see left Crescent City, that it would

38.

—

en eee ee bi Biel wel oir tau ,ningqus oly CFTR REL s - 088
& i sweog of fateedun ww) yt loeecen vn cee ee qe! baa
~ie0 oF vm et SO SRW Bote meet Tu ta ont -7B3ge0 a’ ylite
wit wivoual lng len & ee Tee Go Bl eee of ee
iq e editeeutg oF minty sd o..3 102 (eanoe Ire „ vit sit
NAI lo aebt Sie SOV. estes J eniich aerefeoans 10 ente
NA rt a waatiég .sia-,obaionaet nat ng e eee eat ereted
Of aut pesinortsca bet (gisia ole yaivasl otoled wel wit oo!
„%% „enen mit fs eto tent tna off Feetw

er eee minsqeo es ere elf 10% 1% Yeo eint eff
lo@eqe landttaenee < ebes ef am mout thu ons ten ef? mote
Geet? ‘iv eviileuts Lentner wilt etolow Mi mi yer teg of
WW apvetv? ei? YLdedeoig) YIdt 4 ste er eee olla. 208
Somes? ey bra ,Woyands erdllos Sripeoutis tee Secret (wel ony
-gteris movemiotdy alfiil «int aq e 2 patil yeoman girls
“wit Brived weterrleid 2 yo Lei onigjino yldsedo rg rfesip | ociete
Vivo sat , eva to coup we velligqa “vw „ erer « nelow yD eel
ei gas? gos? ais tad , Odndad 8 Tey, BOY Brith en Tie ovey
Otte e sods is ti prim mo qitieawere Au ede k betetisca Bal
ow? Ail seel ti Die ,teyvel S se ¢rete w sl eves) , wieltue
„ne O04 It ene eM Ber exw ef eahey

wd) b 2 % obe Kel ni eee een Teer bes Ooi W 12k

I et AN tensere (aii off du ofeeseg doar ae selw | ead

N N Jeaw of) 0) anibual soorees wile Ghied fas? , 4219
B 3. HF (id meses Sle ert off teste eerie? of

*

TY A “= wel

be unsafe to attempt to reach the Beach uiggings by lena, as
the Indians alongs the coast were thuupiit to be on the war path.
As we could tot fet away until the steaner returned Prom Ore-
gon, we concluded to hire riding mules and make a trip into
the anterior, to a place that, the winter pefure, had been
found to produce à Sood deal of gold. In two days travel
over 2 Mountain trail, we foum ourselves at a place known 8
"“Sailors' Diservrins.” A party of sallors were the discover -
ers, ana workea there with auou results untii the water gave
out, on the approach of the ary season. We foum there a
dozen or more cabins, but one of which had an oceupant. We
for u him hospitable amd connunicative, ana learned from him
that, he considered the mines valuable, if water could re
bruught to them, and that parties fad located a stream, with
2 vier of building a ditch. We borrowed a pick, shovel, ana
pan, and on the fourth day of July, 1553, dia some prospecting
until we were satisfied that’ the grovna would pay, afta a ditch
to brit the water would be a fe investment. e learnec,
also, that the man we found on the grounds was one of the five
parties who hod claimed the water. Me als« frankly told us
he had no faith that a ditch would’ be nade dy the claimants;
as they all, but himself, were professional gamplers. We made
up our minus to return to Crascent City, where these parties
lived, a: see wat @rranpement we could pakke. We found their
price for a quit ela, tee exorbitant, am then proposed to

365.

eo „ feof vo emtinnt@ een off Ninel OF Fy mdssa UW Widary av
fia tee eft no of oF Pi powdts grew Senos aie Wels Shela «of
-670 mr berufen teewgere oi Ciinh vewe fen cart alive ww @a
Oindg QI 6 aka Gets Gelus wtibin eit oO; Pelion ew dog
need bart ,Grcteo Hie es ae est 8 Or Yrulternm aly
hevatt “evab ows ni “Stow Yo lsel sven A OOM oF KNOT

a2 tfeur e6riq-n fe wevibetoo oul ew [iat tie tmnt & fee
—ievenel» ais Nov Biolras to yiwsed A © be ‘eof 282
ove5 wesyew ate f990u elbusey Lowe A%i» Selly setrow We Oe
2 @ red? Inet oW Meents vib aie To Avsogqe et? ro , 200

. ernte Ne bet nue to ane sd nta sium Ye angeb
GIF mot? bone pis , eviradinvwnos bre eln Risa ole ‘Brg?
Moes tet m TM eldioley aemtin eft bewebiteroo af rel

i ,cweita wn Sotsool bat eoisiwg Feit ew . melt oO sive
ath , Tevola „ et 8 bevottrod 3 Hori 2 gr iil hud Worle
Bnlgseqe org ‘ame pik , Shel det Yo ve % ee eo ow en
e h „ clip „ vy ie e ‘eds Cede belt ere Stew ow Ti ote
Serinal eF een Brod @ Od Aliow ADrew ott yin oF
evil wit Yo aro wey abtvor df 10 inuoT ew mmm iy 9 nit), out
eBoy N cele of ener ALY te Bal aly parang
„nelle off cd abac oo el οο Mott) «2 sate eta or baton
Obs oF eee Lind cu ow’ 61, eee a (ifs eons un
wets dees ove „ rid Mete ur ANI e US eA ane qe
Aer Lovet oF odie Sloow ew creme ts ene ere bee, Levit
e eee (ig rele bp frmlid ed e eee ee as Wed oor

make it a company of seven shares,—Nr.Rice and myself to su-
perintend its construct ion. To this, they were delighted to
acquiesce. Il drew up articles of assvuciation, umer the Law
of California; made myself President and Superintendent, Mr.
Rice, Secretary and Treasurer; mae the by-Jaws so stringent
that any holder not paying assessment after ten days' not ce,
coulda be solu out. We galled for Twanty-one hundred dollars,
tivee hundred per share, whieh money 1 toak, and returned to
San Franciseo, dy the steamer, when she ea back from Oregon.
1 purchased an outfit of tools, irons for a che ap saw

mil, ara provisions for the work. 1 also purgnased a pair
of draft nules anu a lumber wagon, and had all on board for
the next weekly trip of the Oregon steamer. When we sot into
the harbor at Crescent City, the lsehter came alongside and
took off all my freight but the mules. To lana them, they
Wanted to charge me thirty aollars eaen, af they insured
against injuring them in lowering them to the lighter. I told
them 1 pro psd to land them by another process. tie stea@ner
Was Out about forty rods from the shore. 1 had a couple of
men with the ship's boat lay alongsiue the sten ar, tien took

Fifty feet of rope, put one end of it around the mule's neck,

>

then around hie nose, threw the other end to the men in the
buat, took out the wang-way, turned the mule's lead to opening,
am two men rushed him overboard. The man in the boat then
pulled on his oars, and the mule, after snorting cut the water

87.

-e Of Nat boo et. 1 — nne reves Jo yneymoy e n olen
os Meinte eee nr er eee eee BIA eee
wel ody teten „Meets, lo lee deen 1 -Oveslupos
oT .trtebowialseyur Bam srepivets Fleaym ebms gatmidisies to
It A oe evel.“ ed? view .setuseoerT Mtoe (istesone , outh
ber “ayes Cos eee Sreqegeosas Yi wy Jon, whied ina @ at?
OTR lL Awd wmo-ys new 10! Dellas oF % ifoe oo slow
Or domus en bee er 1 yond soni ,erete wy cetiriw emi
„ne gett dom aus Oe (aris , eee Os YO ,cbsionaT! anb
n dame = 10 Men ,eloos to s.1 900 Ga see eieay 1
Sisy 6 ese e ooln j tow wit to) snuisivune om , dda
tot ted ro Lla bel bite , nous tedmul © ow eed 222m To
Ofni funy ow cei® =, temmete toy ais To qiat vlAoow saat of
ine Ghiamiols ames twestysl ois . id Ingoems te Worms oF
yout . cont pwl of 8 .ealun wis sud ene ee yo iis Tle dor
Reowens vol tL bone eriion YUL en aatpds® of Dene
Blod 2... weet aft of mete wiisewol of al GA seniens
Tele at .chetyi, Telos ~d med Dml of steogowm 1 mwit
to afqeee 2 vert I joreds elf mth Sbot yw] muds Jo ew
duo? tala , wimerte wi? op/sanola val geod a'q iia ei? aise em
Jee e'ofun off bruots t2 Yo Paw eno 24g, ego. To Sool ye Ts?
wig mi mom et of baw seta ett weal? , eet eid brew ner
Atte of swal e'oelum ede beni err een ail? 21 Mee eee
merle t n mis mt rer wT) eee enen id pleut nemo? one
sefan off fiw wit wells ,elum eit vem ,eteo eifl fo peling

N

he lad taken in by his header, padalen himself ashore. The
lighter men were not pleased with this performance. The land-
ine of horses and miles had heretofore deen a bonanza tw them.
As som as 1 covla make arrancements for a pack train to
trans port our freight, Ur. Rice and myself sadilea the mles
we had brought Fr un the eity, and we were back in Sailor Dig-
Sings in ten days from the time we left. Ve gommenced the sur
vey for the dr teh at onde, and as son as our tools arrived,
we put a force of men at work at tne diteh aii on a saw mill.
The saw mill was necessary to make flumes across ua ravines
firet, and for sluices after we were reaay fer mining. ve
got the miil in operation and diten completed down * the first
mining ground before the weather became cold. We had expemd-
ed a little over fifteen thevsana dollars up to this time, and
all of the Cresvent JUity Ganblers had been caunpelled to sell
out, but they found no trouble in doing so at a profit. As
so % nas we got the water runnire through the diteh we set a
Sluice, and conmences to mine. Wa continued extending the
diteh until we reached all the known mining round, and took
vut all the gold te pay for the work. We finally arived at
a point wiere 1 desired to tunnel tough a hill that was
about forty rods through and about eighty feet high at its
apex, 1 wantea to do it as quickly as possible, as we were
Jos ing the sale of water that would bring us about sixty dol -
lars per day, until we could deliver it over this hiil. 1

.

ent ow en Neoartd :oicieg , tbat atl yo of apdAg? Do! or
in ont . Sorgen vt tT@q ee désw imeaelg n eg 16m mem IP erty od
emote ou! geranud « oeaa @tct Jeng pet eels bag seem Yo zu
a nk Aveg © wl sinew ov wes alvuoo 4 om we oA
Selon cle. bolidps Woeew: bre eps. th 4 ciigietl see: mo mew
“aii lte u +400 ien ow bie oxy le off owt Etiaue wd pel ev
ue oft Leomeawey eh ..c)0ed oF wad O1d mor? exon met gu apnip
be Mun efvuel ue a Move on bnew Bore Je AO’ Lh eff ww) GOV
wida wae o no iim dome wis te Anon Je fam lo nn 42 deg oF
Benivan GM eso1sA enoml) eA aw yiseanoen egw Liim eae oT
oF Britian 153. cet 19m as ted le asoiuis to) bag ent
sere) aris a nwad beralgmey tosis dtm Hm ανο At di bm ort fag
—beejxe Joi oF .bLoo ecmred wetting eft mivoled boon ente
Den nr at ww qu esellob snneuest nveilit ves elsrtl @ fe
Sige oboboliogevs cote wei ervoldcmd eral srscam0 ert Yo ile
eA soup eh Ge wilab- ni eldwr!t of tet yet? 20d ~&qu
10 ew detid wl? dyvewl? ohare eee O47 fag Oe eB nee
ad) on iones xo eoungtneo 68 nn of beonemmoo one , @lule
‘door btm breve eee ower ain iia bemoans ew Litnu een
fo bevin w «ilanl) oF tree wl sel van of 2Lon off Lie eu
ea te (id a syquowts Lem? oF eeriend I etelw inen
ati ta Ayu! tem wiraie aveda bre Aquesd? shot yesel es
Otew © ce ,Gidseswm af ChAvilty Goth oh ab sestie Lf kage
elow te dur wen of oa slave 2a ted aw Ww olen, old gnieel
i lids adie ew 21 sevideb Bivon ov Lignw ,¢eb seq eal

“th

finally put four sets of men at work on it, a day and might
shift, at each end of the tunnel. 1 haa no engineering tools
except what 1 could make with hand saw and jack plare, and the
fear was of not getting the right place to start in on the far
„ mes, to give the ditch the proper grade through the tunnel,
and tu meet in the centre, but 1 accomplished it, ana we met
in the centre with a variation of less than three inches - and
IL have claimed it as good engineering, under the circumstances.
Ye now were able to supply water for a hundred men, and
for some time there was that number using it, and our receipts
frum “ining ana the sale of water some times reached as high
as two hunared ana fifty dollars in a day. The old gentleman
that Mr.Rice am 1 fourd at the diggings when we first arrived
retained bis seventh interest, and when we fot the water on to
his claim that he was wasing when we first fourd him, he
bunch? of the Caapany & head of water , and went to mining. He
worked dt his ¢laam, clearing seme eight thousand dollars af-
ter poying for water, and concluded he had money enough, after
selling his intevest in the datech He left for his home in
Camda, with avout sixteen thousand dollars. It was a much
larger sm than he lau ever ownea before, but it did not spoil
him, or alter us habits of sonny ana thrift. As eviderce
of the fact, u few days ce fore me left, in returning from the
Nearest traaing pest „leres he hau purchaseu a pair of doo ts, he

Jain Baa «sb a , 88 we ttow 22 nas tO éf08 woat seq Plas
eloot mifteeciane of pat [ . Lennar ats 10 Bae done ra paisa
at? bis , @tinig et bm we tviad dtiv edam biaoo L gmiw a we
sgt @is wo al 241830 of ebalg init elf Nees ton Mo ee

„Leni es it unte @bats woqorreg only ost ets evin or , ears

Jon ow Sun „t berlaliqmoon I sud ,@tsneo eds mi fea oF bn
DNN . @wiorr! eo wis meds eeol lo noliasiwy ® d?ze etrenee eit as
-<SeOmmleewortio ais wary ,Ariteeniyne boon es 21 bemisio eval I
bra een beri 441d tetew Ciggvse of elde een Wun oF
a gn ery: wiley isdama Jad? eaw @10ns Omit ne WT
Hain en Desen semis ems werew to. alse ei? ona giinhs aod
Aenne Blo wit Yad @ af atallod i was ben wre 46
boviwra 1 111 of n@iw nan wif d Dee J ote ee sede
OF % lo) ow eit Foy ov net» lus ee teen Us hOVeS e246 Lali sset
od. mitt Swot setit ov cetw Nen €ow 64 at old
Anta of Trew hn „%o bee! 4 cad ott Wov.igea
“dg sisilob onaevors rrinio atoe yarumelo , mais «xi Jw Dott
e ,Agcone yeran On! of SedUleHOD Dud , 7 eH 961 Gal gw we
At’ en alt sot stele stores olf ni Peoveial nn pitifeoa
Hoan „ ebw 31 -Staflob Dnavues neetaiw Jcugen visit | ahem
Loge en bib 21 Tud , @10%06 berieu we Lei’ @ «od? ote Devel
Strebive «A 2Tiuy ons qeutoow 10 unt rt et iat porta
e mon) tuns et nt „d a wivied «ue va? @) ort wit Vo
H. „% Jo 1isy t*eeeniOrug sai wl een Feug give 4 ase

28 „ e neee

had the misfortune to lose along the way one of the pair. He
went back the est merning and found it, but acoyote had found
it first am oreakfasted off it, leavine only a part of the
sole, ton full of nails to be guod. He denk the saved boot
in his lan end carried it to his homm near Ottawa, in Canada,
haa 2 we te bene to match. and ome of his sons wore the pair
mck to the mines and wore them out there.

After getting the works into full operation, making a
Ponthhy divicend of about three thousand dollars, I hired a
superintendent, started home, and intended to remain there, but
in a few months the Giviaends vegan to fall off, and want of
exviterent and exercise was togi mine to make my liver torpid,
ev I made arrangements to sail for California again, on the
first favorite out-going steaner. On this trip 1 met with no
exeitins episode, out haa a pleasant and speedy passage, and
was back again at the mine in three days less than a month
from the time of leaving home. 1 found some of the parties
had worked out the rishest portions of their claims and quit,
not being able to pay our price for water and make fair wages.
After findirm out that fact, I immediately reauced tie water
rent toa rate that would still give the industriots miner
fe ir wages, ard all resumed work again. 1 soon haa the divi-
dends up again, by the introduction of improved modes of work-
ing, au was able to keep them there for some years. buring
these years. I nace the trip to and from New York once every

90

oi 1 t ol To ne gol» vetl of otto Wia ed GA
inde? tal @2 oyousn Ito (8) Sl bm yeertoo tg@1 GW Atal lee
ats taung © vdve weaveant .'£ Tho bated Angwi ine ee1dd
fved bevee ait dom wi -boum of oF el ie Do oi? wl, ates
,ebened ridjawar?t? wee eae! ect of t eres Bre tr gl eth ce
sirq et? Mow Boe Bot Yo cero ma fee n of eryet nf get
ered? tuo ant, Mn Dip anim olf of ope

& wider not ts Mut ont er ete ren l
ane © esallebd Driasvorit genie h, to brevivel virions
fud ,eted? wines of bebretc: bee , emot hesrare , frebnetnts que
to fsaw bee , Tto Cis? of rene eoranivic ef? wisnoen wot «4 ot
ibiaqto? stevli wr edeae of wiimine!. gew seistexe bow enten
\ ed? mo tte anne AM Lise of esnomegnadia ebes I os
on ti e sem I aiw ae¢tr nO eee e- v0. ern ent!
Bra ere eee bra snaseoiq # owt er eee eee toxe
Hann 4 mis esei eyo SoTl ml. enim off de mee yon em
@eliqeq Off Io anos ter I -ormmxl piivael 1% ems? ef? coi
„un e 0 sie! % 10d t aid dO bene bat
„eee in) ode e telat 10} nne Yaq ee elda anied Jon
1% % ⁰ off Levloor yleftaicomu 1 ; 98% fais: tuo n watA
erin eo revues @tf evigs{iite oluow eie eta1 208 sagt
mivib eid sed wor 1 -ttome show Deweos Jle bia’, sepaw aput
-*tov To athow beveigat To noltousorsnt eis yo ,akeoe qu eoned
Ul „ e n 16) et alf qeok of elas %% re cmt
Nie eee een mon? bee beet eee ety econ eee Seed

48

year, and during those voyages met vith but one incident worth
relating. During, the War, I sailed frum New Vork on a steane
er conmanded by Captain Tinclepauvgh, om boeru of whieh were a
lumdred and fifty men who had seen revruited as sailors, am
were bei taken to Panama to be pvt on board of a man of war
then in that port. Before we rechen the Fest India Islands,
those reervits had formed a conspiracy to take the steer, and
set the time to make the attempt. By some means the captsin
hed been informed , am he told about a dozen of us (enen he
thoveht he co li trust not to noise it about and create a
panic) and wave us from the ship's gun roan each a revolver,
with directions that, on hearing a fiven signal, we were all
to hasten to 4 point on the promenade deck where we could lok
down on a passeme way leading from the steerame to the after-
deck and gun and wire rooms, which the captain had learned was
to ve their objective point. As the appointed hour approach-
ea, we were all om tie watch for the signal. Presently we
heard it, and rvehed to the place where the captain haa teld
us if we su one of the malcontents raise a firearm, to shwt
him throveh the brain before he could fire. We looked doen
upon twenty or thirty of the most villa inous looking scoun-
drels imaginable, all armed with sheath knives, but we could
see no pistols. They were making their way, two abreast,
along the passage, until they arriveu amid-ship. Here, the
Captain and mate, each with a cocked revolver in his hand, and

vl.

A %% toebion?: eno tegetisiv son aeynayoe etod? en e Bae , 184%
te a to dc0¥ wot gost oolias 2 eR ee grined = jak) cio
4 ien i e bw £1800 no Non néatqad % Sebamesdo te
baa „ 10 1[tae Ge betiawer ties of of cen YTD bre’ sete
4ae lo 1am A ο Deen go 30g &: of antaed of apdss ytled ‘evew
pabtiolel atind sae? ef) se iivver oF o1t0teF -B10qy 2 4deont wets
Bar te mole off elat wf wertiqaenos = becer@) det a7 neee seah
niastqao ei? anewe ance yf K Mess ale sc Aen of oat? wie ses
ot core) ev Yo tesoh 2 ns blot ed Me , beonotat need Bat

n besen dne uud 21 eetur of sere, cart bi vos st treo
steviw~wen.e ines amar neq eg ire e eon? en evnm cnn (ottaq
iin eter ew Amme ee @ gina no . Par snotsiverth) Pew
tool Dlves e« artery doeb eieremom ort no ang 2 of tee eei oF
enen edz of enatoste mis me) wribnel (ew neee ® fo %
Saw DN bet miesqrs ei? doite een eriw bra hun bus Aged
most ut Letniouge els eA . te eviteerdo viele oe oF
we wlereseort Inne ong 102 dotew oie mo (ie orew gr , be
tet kal nistqes ent overlw soaly ef? of lern Une nt tes
So of en 2 este? tet noble ef? to ow wes owl ay
nvob bodool oF 9 e at sioted ata ori? AgvowitutaA
-muooe Gnidon, euonialliv geom ott Wo wait? w yaw noqu
ives ow tud ,esvird raawis sitiw boa Lis ,eldetiganw sie
„eee ov? , yaw ties giidem ten qT -alortem at o0e

et: aH 8 .gida-biem Levine yen! Lise eee ot? arofa
doe ble ei at revyLoves Sedov « filsw cose , Oo ac eee eee

he

La wil

in @ voice they covld 211 hear, commanded them to stop. Three
or fehr ef tha feremost ones showed their hnives above their
he aus and meade out part of a step forward, when the te re-
most omnes fell to thea deck. Tre third, showinz an inclins-
tion te go forward instead of back, was also shot down by the
captain; tro or three others were wounded by the same balls
that killed the leaders, bet all msde their way to their quar-
ters probably concluaine they would not tale the steamer just
then.

The captain and mate went into their quarters, and vith
the mval officer who iud then in charge, put fifteen of those
who were supposed to be the ring-leaders in irons, and kept
them confined until we reachea tie ISsIands, where we met a con-
vey, sent ovt to protect our ship from eapture by the Alabama,
then suppos@i to be eruising in the Caribbean Sea. These re-
eruits were here transferred te the convey, except the three
who paid the penalty for their attempted piracy, who were sew-
ed up in canvas ,-prepared to make food Por fishes. ge fore
Casting them overboard, the captain made inquiries among the
passengers for a clergyman, but could find rene. A frien
of mine from Buffalo, cornizant of the fact, infurmed the cap-
tain that 1 was a commissioned chaplain. He at one applied
to me to read the service over them. 1 officiated, and saw
them slide off the plank without o regret, as I dovbteu not
they would feave murdered the entire ship's load, had mt the

92.

b Mr .cava oF meds) Bebtanws ,isel Lie bluw yer eewhv: e

tie’? evodr eovird aloe ie». de Belo teens? ad? Yo wio® 4

ie ust oi? anh yt eetot eee & to Sthy ood ere ew ade oi
an we. civot'a , ba tde eit AD b off oF Of elo erno teat

atl? e wok tod cele @ew . ord Yo Das ent hLimrie) of oF aves

elied eae or vt bebruoe stew ente seid? vo ure aten

ee sleri? of yaw eee ober {ie tur ,eversel ont colind sade
feut teorewe «17 ale? som tluow yet? Mau tete videdow\ eae

„Ni

Nr bem neun tas ont nen „„en ne tangas sit

aon Yo este ug eee me ene Dol d ore Lav n et

See „ atom mr ener- at 9:14 e of eee c198W ate

% L ow simiw,ebnelel ei? bemannte Lime ene een
ne a2 yd reed een gidh 10 een of Au nee eee
“ex, ,e80{T. .e0ef useddiued ee of Saen et em toeoyg gus) ceeds
@On'wis Gl fgeoxne ,yevneo of! of bemelenaw etal es0ov et itw
-woe ter ore . Yostig Levqamtte tient ww qw lary ete Ding ote
ow) er -4@iesi ae Low? edon of engem, eee Nas ut d xe

OW Brane sertinpii olen cindgqgen «ate „ draco ew mode wie

nn . t ENR blivee tat enen ato) eee

G O12 benen , Joe) ais Te e neten ,elelus mont ep ae
beilqas Ovrm s4 0 .tialaerfo Lereissianes 4 Gow 1 dat? s

ene bite ,betasci Tio 1 .Mens reve ene Of Deed of an ob

som sesduel ij ef ,%@tyet tee ene eee Ta wbiie e

Wil cur bet , dnol e'gtitle weitere oi? be set evel shor goede

44

Captsin been pre red to weot them.
Many Gf my relatives will be surprisei to isar chat 1

m ve aver been a commiseioned chaplain, out nevertheless , such
is the facet. While I was Living in Buffalo in 1884, cities
were just besinning to get up independent military organiza-
tions called City Guards. Such A one vas formed in Buffalo,
of which Il wes invited to pe an officer. 1 haa nat he least
military ambition, and told the boys 1] would take wo position
in the repinent unless it were thst of chaplain, where I could
keep alw®ys in the rear. 1 supposed ‘thet would te the last
of it, bot a fortnizht after, on receiving my mail at the mst
office, I found a package tearing the broad seal of the State
of Nev York, au upon opening, found a chaplain's commission,
bearing the simmature of William M. Marcy, Governor. Knowing
it woule relieve me from military duty, for which 1 ma no
taste, I preserved it as valuable, besides being a curiosity.
Years after, while my Panily were iiving in New York, and 1
most of the time in California, on one of my visits home, my
wife informed me that an officer had called soveral tines, de-
manding a fine for non-attendance at military drill. She
sugges tel that 1 look to it, lest they shovld levy upon furni-
ture. I teok my conmission, es lle at the Marshall's office,
showed him the paper, when he berged my perdon, and saia they
Were wirt aware 1 was a eler gen. They would cancel the fine
am erase my name from these subject to duty. This may not

93.

. wis’ Seem OP bes my Ong Creed ee 2 ee
i +a “we. oF coe Rtgive i Lite euviraton ye Taree’
fete , deelatituova Jug Patel. 16 ber oierion ots wend cee te ot
G@ivio eas a. cslatiah At ‘yy vil whw ft af iv ORV a? as
“Béivtagio Qwwii. be their. ake] 40 Jen of Qridkiqed fect Sie
eisen we Doce:u® exten # Agu? ehh v2.0 Gell ao wre
Zabel @i)°Foay 4 „tt ve an of Solent wey § + Eee
Aste oc e ole? “bivwow faved at? Bl o® bee , moirtine’ eee ae
Bicus Ff site tegen Ww eis „en Pf aeAlira sreaiyes eff ne
RRL Bie 9) Di trow fete een § “eer att Atari qed
0m ait te Pte ye wvtvieom no , % de fey rte) 6 Yu Vi Fo
nee W Loew bees of? Mu = opener @ bene? DP \ 9029%
Neolt % a®*iticicate @ treo? (arurevo noqy btn , arov well Bo
ativont eee yore .4 amtiii’ To oct ente a? gitwe
Sor Fun [ derts sol ,ytub yisIlitw mor? er evertes Hhuow OF
SvPtaots uo Hh mien eebrest eldasiev we at levator 4 7 oped
Pp tim ot wet ni yivit sew yliineT or alte ¢ 1e7 Re O28
"ym Wat efielv wr VW % ano , sin rvltfayv nt wake eft Wo Jeow
29D, ente ett Den baci nö nef alh em hostotwt div
wr link gertlia sa @oretnetea-nor «dl ent? # Sebo
=A woo yvel oivora yous rent ,ef of Avcot¢] cade tev ensnie
,SorTio e*itawie ais on Leila wiles! met qr mwwe t . od
(eis Sine Oem .obisg vu com od af fete weqn@ ert wot Lavo
onl) n ene rs oel . MN aa l — fat n
Fun N eit (fab @) Toe (hus deoldy wor? eat yo eee ome
a

=a fe
de a very brilliant military vareer, but it is all 1 nave one
in that lime.

Like all Placer mines, Sailor Digzings bega wo fail,and
1 coneluded to sell my interest, and find a new Placer, In
the mantime, what was known as the Rogue Rivor War was giving
us some trouble, and we had been vompellea to keep a company
of scouts in the field, and points where fewer persons were
inining had been forced to abandon their claims, and "fort up,"
As the miners expressed it. That is, they put posts ten feet
high around a Space of ground large enough to hola cavins for
the whole rmighvorhood, and remain thera, until assureu by the
scouts that tie Indians were far away. This war hung along
for over two years, from 1855 to 1357. At tines the Indlans
came off conquerors, when pitted against an equai numter of
regulars. The Indians had the auvantuge of a perfect knowl -
edge of the mountains, and by keeping look ons on the top of
peaks, and with a system of si male, were at ail times advised
of the whereabouts of the army in pursuit of them, and its mm-
bers. fhe Goverment, after puttin the entire force on the
coast in the fieid, anu finding the war still Ae to iast
imefiniteiy, len for volunteers. hese volunteers were
as well acquaanted with the passes, ravines, and canons as the
Irdians, and some of them coulu reau the Inn signais.
Within a few montis after tie volunteers were pur ante the
field the war was orvught to an end, and tie Wines enn re-

v4.

One Over. 1 ils ef 72 tuo eee ymtilio Inegibaae gaev e:e8
‘wor tav ai

boa, lie ? of tan nl wiisk , eerie eee n etis
11 „ 4 % 1 ne n eee teu en es ee bab tet ee I
Suivin „ d Tv ewok „ern eaw Sate ee een et?
Nu & good of elde need Lari ow bow dnn es et
view It i tern 610 .w etnliag bus ,bLett wilt al etuooe te
„a er Due ,eudaio 140.5 neltece oF ene mood bet ann
feel ser sian et , ot sal? $i Deen eneni~m os ef
103 aftic ay bio o * reren
ide enen, eee eee enen be eee elotw aiff
ele jouw. sa eciT -gows 7a? enten anatin tl aw e aPyous
UU e ss andi 2A NOEL of COAL movt een os ene tot
Yo ‘tue Lavpe mm saniaua bets iq’ enw. pero1wspnee Tio emg
-d¥ond Jo0lisg 2 to eQnimevie orig bari exacini eff evalivae:
fo ge) OF mo elde yd oe mt n en eff To epbe
e @0nis iia 7h O10w eee Yo metuye @ itih de , edaeg
wnat: bw jew te fiuayug af yore ols to e8uedaexeiy «tl: to
SU mw wero) oti e oh yisisug soste , thenenevod ait 99
feni @ e alice tm er een ene ret aig n 28a
neee ene 0 rr
OW er eee Die eee en eee ee eee eee eee
„ ee (easel ee hawt Lives ene Ww. eres bam . ensiant
ls wid (ig Ole eee en ede needs adenet wed & midi?
“TF Micge effin On2 Lue lw 1h of JARO Bee 2a~, er e

«oe i

et -

sumed their work. During the progress of this war, nearly
every man in ore gon and Fashineton Territory lad Purnisheu
Somethire towards carrying it on. The ranches had furnished
beef, tacon, flour, am horses. “jners enlisted Por tie war,
some furnishing ti eir own erms anid horses. This property and
these services were receipted for by a Government Officer, ad
aueregated nearly five Million dollars. “anv merchants and
ranchers hea put all they were worth into this indebtedness of
the Government, and when Senator Joseph lane and Governor Ste-
vens asked for an apprupriation to pay them, they were told it
was @ swindle, and it received m attention during the session.

The next session, Governor Stevens succeeded in rettint
throvgh a resolution fp pointing three army officers % go into
each county end examirme the war claims, end report the anount
eyuitably de to each claimant. These officers, after giving
dpe mo ri %, went into the counties, met the elaim-holders, and
after vecoming satisfied of the anbunt justiy due them, fave
each a paper known as Oregon far Scrip. We supposed we would
be paid as soon as Congress ret, but for two or three sessions
an appropriation for the pyrpose was voted down, eastern men-
ters still claiming it was a swindle. 1 mace up my mim that
the fault s with our manbers in not giving it ali toe atten-
tim it requirea, to set fairly wrerstuud.

Holding a few thousand aollars of the scrip 1 bea re-
de iy en for sdvances 1 had made * wth volunteers and regulary

95.

vinged .. 2% e652 BW eeninetq off en ieod - ow 126 Docs
botecatut? Dal ¢wthaaty sotntidan® tin ager eo Hat eee
bedeiawi? ee setocvas ety 79 41 MI eT Tee anger wtl te wooe
she ©)! 20% betaticve eaaete -feorct bio .1wo0ll eee .tesd
fie tf tegen abit „ enen Dns eae to Geode Bridetawd enue
D , 104779 penner a u vat Dohilever stew esolvese ent
bee etttarfotem d, -etetiiad moiliin ovo) vireo bet agenges
YW sete ieticrrt eidt ofcbh ende #16 von) Lis sve catarsiores
20°? toemorn bre eal riqesol wetrre& nedw bie „ @nveureve® qt
22 bier ove edd , omit wo of ruisaciqoin¢s ome 707 ales ans
Muszgesce od? wrinvl aelrnaetss at Beviewe 323i oon , si dukwe A oe

Mato ctl tebeenovte artavesi} wirievod .noleags 240 al?
nn op of e101 Tho wria eels omicrtogas nétruleser 6 dado
en of? 21000. Arm ,auinio raw oi. mionsxe tas eue Mose
Nein ne .c14ritlo eva ate t fone or eub yldatiope
Dem e to- als ole ftuc . eeitnwoo ad: at ta0ew , es isan send
Wer» .medt ovh ydtout mnujonm ee Yo beMerina eotmeved wits
bi dow oe SHeouyue OF ne to) aemerO an meond vegeq a dione
ieee oui? ow owl tol 28 oan ceo 1g? 28 ogee es big pi
“2 (lane . feo Lotov eae sewqiam edt ved se 2i1.01ggh a8
Pm tiny yu ead -OlOtive 6 gew 31 siiutaly ine ere!
eieiia ors ila 21 yrivin 10 mt ecedaoe 100 deliv Bee el ogi edt
hous ereug lice) em of (weniaper 26 ee

*ot sail giysa Or To at9LLok Anmeuods eel @ gutaton
Pialaso: aie ateeziniey ctu vw ope pat 1 eepgaven 19%) teehee

* N ®

ating as large an mount as 1
Could gather, with a richt to use ten per cent of it, to being
infursa tion before ithe committee, and to induce members t% a@
us tardy Justice. 1 went on to Washington and mide arraige-
ments with Ries 4 Canpany (who were at that time re cogmi zeu
4s the Goverment Bankers) to appoint me their attorney to ro- 2
ceipt for war scrip, they agree i to try and collect it, and

te, account te owners for all ut ten per cant. ade a Si-

Jar arrancenent with Dunean Sherman & Company of New Vork, in.

order tc give Owners 4 choice of bankers, and then started pack
to Oregon. 1 Found, when i arrived in San Francisco, that
gur te a large amount Gf it head got into the hands of wholesale
dealers there, all of «hich was handed over to me, torether
with letters to their correspondents advising them to do s,
and to aid me in getting control of as much as possible. 1
men took the steamer to Crescent City, where 1 ga meren a
large @uount. Fram there, to Sailer Diggings, Jacksonville,
Yreka, anc Happy Camp. Trom there, 1 passed through all the
towns in Umpqua Valley, until 1 reached Salam, the seat of the
Gwernnment of Oregon. Vere 1 fount the legislatwre in soe-
sion and in a state of excitement, enueavoring, in Joint 306
‘sim, to elect a United States Senator. Colonel K. D. Baker
was the Republican candidate, and after numerous ballots, laak-

on but a singie vote of an electiun. After attending the ses

‘gion once br twice, I tiuught 1 fad discovered where 1 could

. a $6. *
8 uh 1381

low treo @ eee ee nck eee To lean: arte eee
Tee OD Veer seta? Pr on 2 ay een ato
C eye Dt Covina erbte et:-anfiadim i aoe ted
Nee Fort Cw not etiee? «° to rreew 4 -ulzaut, nine we
bas rod et ect? fat te mee ot~) ver 4 sapciideee Become
—or ot corintre tet? @° Inte pn @ (were neared gir
Em ft Soel(o enn vir oo wWilewm) vetts,ditoe Tm robKres ae
Ia 1 ober ft fect ea rer tat life rahenxwe of tayenemeah
e tr wel Yo vag 4 retomet® seouryd iw treerenns ws tal
tom enn seir bw a yedterd toe 9 sors ere et Of abe
fete abe furieyt sal mi feviatw i fete en 1 ten)
sto Tu abet ef? oon son bat si TO eee epial 6 ot
“Soifonat (ec oF eee Dene eee (loite To Lin „ enen eepdesd

i ob) wt wens Srivivbes Binapnajacrico “uals @& eartel dn

PP) Sefalesoq an them % To Luotines wis oy af a cfd ee
„ e en I wre eee eee oF eee eee eee
„Mosa (eantimyiG welie? of ,moit at. «vem een
tte auen ren | , cred? mort gmt yqger gee ,alewh
eff So tee wl cele? atone £ Chere ,golle’ supuctl ot enw
608 th @ucrhlerjol et ove? 1 met raja Ive naire
ee @nivl ci ,AnitovVeecno ,seenms cone Ws or ada o AL TOW able
“OAs .U WM Lenodvod „ 10 Boo? eadar® "Leltnd & goe8@ Of | abe
“Qpel ,elvildd sunanin aT se , Bdabi bie ‘HhavklhOugeh eis ew
ee OFF Hip iesia wr lA -™m fools ut lo een ene aed be
ue 1 giles benwvese o dal i jbo Ll , solee WW epi nee!

„

* found A senator from one of the counties 1 had just passed

* ö
‘ ( . N N

Lge acne, of e ton per cont endes len advantagecusdy, 1
through, ana where 1 had found considerable var scrip, lle
vas voting stan in opposition, to Calone] Raker. 1 asked
him if he aid not know that Golone]l Raker would help his con-
stitnents? Ve said: “Yes, and 1 shovld like to ser him elec-
tei, .ovt when on tie stump | pledstea myself not to vote for a
black republican unless they instructed me to do 80. oon
af ver uus, conversation 1 mounted my horse and rode hack to
that eounty—abuyt fifty vu les —rusheu about org his consti-
tuents, got then te, call a pubdlie meeting, which 1 was asked
to address... 1 ela them the conversation 1 had had with their
representative, und that if they wanted. pay for their war scrip,
nos vas the time to act, 1 101d then fur ther, that State
tei einen id induee hen to ald in the election of a senator.
of companding talents; thet Colonel Haker was far superior to
any one ever sent from the Pacifie Cuast, and few, if any, in
the Vnites States wore his superiors. The result was, trat a
set of resolutions vas introduced, requesting the mon ber to
Vote for Colonel F. D. Zukar, and adupted almost unanimously.
1 voturmed at once. to Salem, and at the next joint convention,
Coivnel Saker wus elected.

l.went on con tne valley to Oregon City, and other towns
te Fort land-. on my arrival there, an incident occusred that

1 am inclined w relate, as 1t wes a little dramatic. 1 op-

97.

I MLAGO DAE wera owes Pane aq vet oY AL oem

oe any fant bet Ee@abtew oo ote Ye env ee sotenes Aint
a! sqirice ter al@azwehircce Burct bet | sete Bt etwas
bedas 1 ctelen olg a? mut secu@o, 4h «i icasiea WALI SV Bom

eros „ tet g tt tioow Had (erofod Par? mn een Ais 6 tl wi
spate att eae of ettf hldo'n 1 pee ,om¥"% «Pisa wv] fas wurtiga
ew atov of fon em eren u gene 19 m mete ied, bee
Woo? *.oa ob of an hedouttens vote aualny oeeilciucm es
at toad Went bie em wn cotnvon I ost aenovinw aye ens
Senn aif Nen faoda rn ND Jveci egies en
beter aaw I doitw unt n eftidguy er of enn toy een
simile dtiv teri bat 1 motiagiewmes als wad bial . » sgastbbe pe
Ares tse ties sot wo dosnaw yods ee bts , ov as ceases
oscar? t „e et wedi» dios 1, Wo0 6! wis edt dew mon
sos ttt a A Yo notrmake of? nt bin of a unn tlodla ee
aalen (wl saw x1edyu. fone {9 «eit jatnales ene 3a
a, oye BL. wel bo, ceaed aiticnd, até. co Tt..2998 eevee ome
ren Shueo. «iT -snobiegys wit evaw aoreeh cosind als
Of 8a wis Busse wpe «= fesvhowr .eew awlluloers Ia vee
Vlevori aa geuota imiguls, ona, ent ~0 eS .lenele® a7) Biev
een Fudd nOn Mild, ta * t os ew ta ene tf
co toplo er Louw iod

e 29.0 Coe . Vth dopey? 22 yeltipv.e2 neee tase byw
PAIS Deroy tees, „tee Lawtit4. well oe eels of
l -Oitengas Olisil 2 om 24. 06 gadolan op ene

.v@

ped at the Pioneer Hotel, then the principal one of the city.
It was my first visit; 1 knew not a sul, nor was 1 known.

I was sitting on the piazza where two or tee other gent lenden
were conversing, while one old gentleman wes reading a newspa-
per. Presentiy the reader spoke, apparently to himself, say-
ing: "Il ean talk mere Indian languages than any other man in
Oregon.” Thought 1 to myself, I will five him a little Chip-
pewe, 80 1 said to him:"*Appachee kee Nebwaka Fe nistoottum Ne
Fskee too tig." ("You talk knowingly, but do you understam
WIA t 1 an saying?*) His paper dropped from his hands, he
arose fran his chair,- his eves dilating,- trembling in every
limb. As he came towards me, he answered me in the sane lan-
nage 1 had used: *Wasonnish Mabu Neen Ne wait," ("hat is
that, that sounds so sweet?") "Neishtana beboon kee nonedon
Ainewaih." ("lt 18 twenty vears since I have heard such
sounds, and 1 thought at first they came from the sround.")
He was so astonished and delighted, that he was disposed to em-
brace we, amd was not content until each of us hed sung astave
or two in Chippewa. By this time, we had an audience of at
least fifty people, all wondering whet language Captain le-
bonald and the stranger could be using. Some were there who
declared they knew some words of the sixteen different dia-
lects along the coast and on Puget Sound, but none tht sound
eu like wiat we were using. He then told me that over thir-
ty yeare ago he lad left Montreal, crossed the Continent on

94.

. 1% eff Yo ano FaLoning off gett? (Leroy seats "Bae Ba bey
snword | ese tor Leda a2 cor wund eren 20483 ee éar 92

N nn saHitu sewt? 9 Ow) eiaiw ousetq off? nO wriseia sew I
—syewer © wrtbae: vew camtiney blo eno tee „ ent eee ere
re Vinetin of yltrets 4 ,edoge wobsm eis ylonetasd eg
mio bc te:lto cm merit deen vat nab em dale? nee I* srt
end rr mict aviyg LIli¥ 3 ,Theeyr w I ¢dgvotT *. qo ged
Of mstooteian of sdawded oot earloegqA**:dd of biee [ oe , greg
Bratatemret voy ob fod ,yleniwomd Ales voV*) *.ateoneqeede®
Oi aberrant ard mot? foyqoth teqey wii (*?gityss am I tala
Vo mi anifdwed? -,unisiliv seve etd -,diem sii wif esora
enol eee off ni om berevernn ef ,om ehiews ena at A dat
ei garive) et of reat uel! tai onogst? theau Dri I eyairy
neheron e neoded unatdulelf® (**teowa o@ ebnvog ort , tat?
Mova bine over’ [ otrla ne dne ar OTe) © dsawonta
(*.&rvom off movt d yet? tetl? 2a sigue? I bee , abuse
U of Datoqe tl) vow of tat? hetrlyifeb bas bolekemten of tew at
| ovate se aie bet a0 Yo tions [itn tnetroo Tot Saw bin or 9 0
fa Yo one om me birne ente s yt „ end mi e 10
-oM egen eqnvenal fete rt tte (Le +,alqosq vit en
ute ant crew om eee en eee eee ee ee Bim eee
-#tb e N eee wl %o eee eee werd yet? ene
Nen tet? enon tue ,baveh cand mo bee geaoe te nn eK
“tit? evo sar? on blot en of . We ese ew @eiw eal vo
h frente wl beecow ,laownol fel est ef eum eupey <2

lia

ge
the old Hudson say route once near the head waters of the Mis-
SisSippi, had married a Chippewa wanan whe had then been dead
twenty-five years, and mine were the first words of the lan-
guage he hau heard since. The pecple told me he had been one
of the Hudson Bay Governors up to the time the property of the
Caiperny cane inte the hands of our Government .

Pron Portland 1 went on to strie; fran there, across
to Olympia, where 1 took the steamer for Vietoria, stopping at
Sutter am other towns aloe the Sound ,—therce back to gan-
Francisco, ere 1 remained until Colonel Reker succeeded in
getting an appropriation for our elaims, just before the Gov-
ernment was called upon for means to carry on the war, and 1
an of the opinion that if we had been a few months later, it
would be stiil unpaid.

Vy next mining enterprise was the ouilding of a aitdh
war Crescent City. 1 found there what 1 thought eould be
Mode 2 profitable investment to bring water about séven niles
un to the grounma that prospected fairly. Crescent City was a
pleasant, tlhiriving village of e thousand people, and my pining
was 80 near by, that I concluded this time that instead of go-
ing to New Vork to visit my family, I would send for them to
come to me, ami locate them in the City, where 1 could be with
them as often at least as once » week. They game om, and liv-
ei there about a year, mi le 1 finisied my ditch, and commen-
Ced to mine. I had rerdly got fairly to work, when the Fra-

vu.

- P 8 1 1
14 > 1 0 ; @2u g *

= 8 en ; 4 * >
(bea j, rete bal » nnn Pedal * c met

ao

4

nl el, ten un ate nes enim sna e e
eh meod Lai ol we ee eee er eee een Wee

do ene te ems a . qu atorteved, gee nosh eae e

Tou . fewtitved wo % eomel af of al owt (ne

1 eee ente wen tee oF mo rener rn wert it

„ Tie cose alterot¥ 10% xemete od? doom 1 atu leere ot
„ of dood b rr er off Mete ated Ae t Ah
n eee ee e teh Liem pentecet I „n ee eee
on ef moet ent, .entelo % ae noetig ne N
en inte no YAS of mtzen 10? eee eee aw eee. _
Fh \tetal aitnom wet a need wari ay tr ol? mornpge oft?) Io ‘ow
. -bragne ii % oo a
e e to wilh) ee ots ee eden ene Mer e is
. une aten et een eset? ener £ Nie eee 1 0
okies n Ju0d6 Aolew guid of snmesvewns eidazitom * 6
& ea» „ Kb Sneueor) .yialot detgequanq Smtr irony ate 4 —

Ber des im ym bra ,elqucqg dame vol « Yo eaalliv growtwlt , rman

mo net ent * onts ait Onbuion @ T tat? e oa enw 7 ;
> weds 20d dries Lhiow | Cia? pot etede.od) aie) walt OF gril”

. Oo
let ed Pi 1 „en ell ats mi-omde Sen gt ee oF (actos!

hee, me ene vi? 4% © econo ef senel 28 neste ea 2
:

: 1 5 N
eee ben ee th om ee ee eee eee e eee we he

soto? en 4% e cid a? to bie bat Le 4° ne *
3 1 > 5 Be) 7

1 5
1 .
yo

|
ser Kiver exci teme nt in regard te a vonder ful gold mine dis-
covered there, took away the entire population of miners, am
left me without men to work or to sell water to. 1 sent an
advertisement t* San Francisco, saying: "Wanted. Fifty China-
men, to whom food wages will be paid to work by the day, or to
Mine on their own aceount and be furnished with water et 2 far
rate. This advertisement was the means of bring ine me thir-

ty Chinamen by the first steaner, The Chinemen, after pro-

specting, concliied to buy water and mine on their own account,

am for a few months 1 had a lively Chinese Camp, and soon got
hack the money invested.

This was in 1861, while the silver excitement was raging
and prospectors were scouring the mountains in search of sil-
ver mines. Some old prospectors, who had worked Por me at
Sailor Digvings, hau wanderea off into what was mom as Owens
River Valley, sbovt timee lu nur ed anu fifty nu les mrt. of Los
Angeles ara east of tie Sierra Hevade. They hau found sear
Owen Lake eight leads, out of which they had taken a small
guentity of ore, which they had brought to Crescent City, am
rad it tested by an assayer, end fount it showed the precious
Me tals. Tie parties were entirely at a iss wiat tu do with
their fimd, de it good, or bau. They applied to re to sell
it for them, agreeing to give me one-half of wiet 1 rugit get
for it. 1 concludea to gu on te New York, and try and find a
market. 1 went down to San Francisco. There 1 bought apair

100.

e Wits Livy i igganow o .s bigger of eee ipee pele, mee
Du „ S tl to woireiegey of .'am edd yawn Ago? , Oye ene
an inge 1 „% weeew LLos of to en of en ene by of Biel
“mits eee .bolaet’ tantyee ,ooeicoest mah of tanomei’ seve
O28 w ,yad olf yo Srew vt bias of Lliw sega bow mole of .o0n
Sisle te wre tn pelain ns? @4 Ow @nuagee HO aieit ~w gis
Wel oc aeianing Ww «geen eae sew tremens wre eotT 5 60427
enen ee ne er „Arne feusr? oe yo een e
hwocvn wo n arin pra ennie eee eee teens
7oR mee Dae eee enten ylovil ee eee wel o tt Bee
»bet gavel yore ig aed

Botnet asw faeemsioxoe stovlia ode ol viv, .doel ni eew eit
Its to ien mi en latmom. wis ywiinvece #7 ow, neten we
wa ec 70% bone Lai aolw ,e1ozvoRgeem bic «awh ente a
driewO 2A feos) #4w sae ofmt De ceiesmew dal ,agoiwid tliat
eoh.le Yuen aelaad gli] .use eee e copis suo ,»yoliaY wevid
wees awe? vei. yott »Sbevail.ori9el? edd Ie teee. ote, a ekogad
Linwe „ toded owl eels douiw Yo tuo , epsel 40510, ecg! tend
bap .y2lO arogaer2 of sind bet yole dose .@70..20, x2 2oteup
@@oloorwg wit bewole 44 Soue'l baw .teyeeae ae XO tetees 21 bmi
Ne en of talw vevl a te Mengen „ men aly Nn
Dre am w ,bowy ot enen dee
jen 240ac id seiko VMad-@w es eva of. e eee meds: wl 2%
Abu DO. oon oii biw , eee oo)! w 20 on. 02 eee 2 Le Wi
9g 6 2iuivd 1 eiety .voelotwel aah of ttyuh tue b.,.. detain

+904

of miles and a sprim ag anu started fer Owen's River Valley,
to examine the mine and take out, myself, frau each of them a
g@uantity vf tle ore, that il might ce able to represent wint 1
could vouch for. 1 took out fifty eunces Fram euch of the
mines, brought it to San Frangiscy, haa it worked, and got a
but¢on of silver ron each of them. I then went on t New
York, am had 1 taken evidences of title and power of attorney
to vonvey to a Sompany, and issued stock, I gould imve realized
a half a million of dollars. The people were mining mad, and
wiliing to invest in anything showing a trace of the precious
met AIs. lL Was faG conservative, and only went prepare to
5611 to would-be investors. IL saad, *1 have the refusai of
mines situated in such a regicn and possessing such and such
evidences of value (giving a full description, as 1 hau fond
them % possess, by personal thorough sur face examination. )
1 will sell tnen fer two hunared thousand dollars. 1? yw
desire to purchase, and „111 send out an expert to examine
them, if he aves mt find them as 1 have stated, I will. pay
all the expenses attending the exanination.*®

On these terms, a Syndicate was formed, cunsisting of
prominent capital ists, and an agent sent out, with whom 1 re-
tu med to Owens River Vailey. He reportea my statement veri-
fied in every particular, and in agcordance with the agreement
paia over thirty thousamd dollars, and executed a rt gage for
the balance, payable in two yoars.

104.

Keil ls eln crmed 10) Betu.ce bem mogew Bisige & bop eet de
g mois to ane wat Tice „ oc cine Sow o8in ols ee of
IT saiv In@eoweon OF Ofon & fsyla l Jaud ,ow te Io ise

ei Jo sus srl evonve Wt.t ive deo} I st02 Bevov ue
B guy bre. , vediow 32 detl ,cowlouoett aah of 22 ch Quen , eam
veoh «wt w inev men’ I -omis. 70 (ues aout? vwevile Io nosred

Nene To twewog bow els) 2 I wormmodive moder | bal hus e

besifves Oval hives | , Avosa eee Lop t det „ of ene oF

bee (ban eiinim o19% elgoeq ait . Lab Yo neiliin a Let av
Siwicetyg @: To ov#s? #8 yrlwole gridtyme ml 2eevwit of aftitiiro
oe seiageiy few uloo Lita , evigevieeion oof sew J -slaroa
So inuWte: att eva 1" . bine I 0 anv: ed-biww of Lina
eee bud thus oni @eenseoy Oe oolnere cove ai botave ts ebnia
nr bei 1 an ,tutrqitoeeb It 2 pmrivig) eulev Yo soonedive
‘(near atten xe ene ciucwdsr Stund ve 83 man
woy Tk „ne ae lamevorls dDotbnur oF 168. ore Iiee (fiw i
‘@ilee xe oF P1eg xe cz tuo frees Citw bre ,eenrioisg oF gtlenbd
vay [fiw | , betate ave’ i. ee mai built 2om eeok of Th , eerie
*.no = O42 waiiedia seenegxs of Lia

fo witeieron , hemo! sev, ett o , emies eee 1D
t J motte ely ,2u0 tree ee ne bap , woe isiliqges sverinoy

@“£20¥ Inudoiate ( te t1eye1 ol -yolis’Y sevil ete) 6? een
een wi? Adiv Sonebropes mi ome lee een wrere ab bef
200% gyaniios # resuonxe ons ,o1elloup Suede Wall ee Dieq

sae wes at ln te ,evimmlad wily
401

a

While 1 was at the mines this time, 1 purchased a sincle
prospect ,for which 1 paid the discoverer six thousand dollars,
with a view of goine on to New Vork asain to organize a compa-
ny to develop it. Before leaving for New York, 1 put a cou-
ple of men at work, and opened the vein to the depth of six
feet; and out of the ore from this excavation, I selected
eleven hundred pounds, which i took with me to New York, and
had it worked by aanelting furnsee in Newark, New Jersey, which
returned me five hundred and twenty-five pounis of lead, ard
twenty-three ounces of silver. On this showing, 1 was able
to organize a canpany, and sell a controlling interest for
fifty thousand dollars in cash, but, to make this sale, 1 had
to agree to go back to the mine and act as its superintendent,
until it was in successful operation.

I returned by the way of Los Angeles,where 1 purchased a
team of mules, and a supply of tools and provisions, a com-
menced sinking a shaft upon the lode. By this time, the In-
dians in the Valley had begun to be troublesome, and prospec-
tors in the uppor part of the Valley had been killed by them;
but my party was well provided with arms, and as the In-
dians had only bows and arrows, we felt no alarm, although we
could occasionally see a solitary Indian on sume of the rocky
peaks in our neighborhood. Ne continued unmolested, sinking
a Shaft, taking out ore every day, until attaining a depth
of fifty feet. We then drifted on the course of the vein twen-

102.

ir A beesdowig T yeu. 0: 9 aonte elt tu baw 3D OER
ante bos unt xie Getevooc:? «lf Ltag I doldw enen
“ation « erlneyto OF Aeie si wa! of nv anltod Yo welv c AS re
% »o tug fT . OY wed WS? wrivael ne ot qofevel of et
xiv Yo reget off of te of? beneco ‘Las enn 25 Wem TO aly
Pest { full aveexe bid) aor? evo de Te %% bem +308?
fem Mer we wr om e tuor | tot ,ebited Dex! avele
Mette yesuol weil siavel nl Se8ea') guitfems xd bottow Ss) Beet
The Sant Yo eferrog ovit-vsuews oz deo Uhu avr? en benwier
Mas wav I ,artivate aint nO) ene To aentce eee
30 fevieltnl eatitowined « {iow bos „ ad e 2 anne
Bret 1 (eles t Odom OF „ % zl nt BABI Lol Fa ode c
ee eee ee be foe bie aim off OF Mom ap Of eee oF
-ftoLsnemco LAedeouge ni saw ff eee
Deen 1 eratw.golonirA aot to (% ole yd Deotdier I
ap thn anulsiving ee eLoot to yfaqus a Fs eum tu cues
t at) (ech) al? Ya bor Gr? mogu Plate 2 wrivate ene
—peyzoth ban ,etwaaigtor wf or timed pal eee eH? ni emairh
mets yc beilin more bat verte one Ping dqQq0 eff nt enwy
M us bow eee ilw pebliverq er teow mud ee sod
ow rigvord) is jofisle on Slot 6% , swovte Bie wea lho Bat enw ib
*r e off To awe fo natbal qwyitee a ese Yilambbedove Bl au
Miidnis ,Lelesioen Lenin @8 eee eee coo a, ee
daqeh os aniniarie titnt ,yab yreve Sto 20 Wrides ene
N no Ooms Io seuvoe eis ow berlinb med? OF L2e8) WT

pai a.
ty-five feet, for a chamber to commence stoping. Wo then con

timed sinking the shaft another fifty feet, at the bottom of
Which we drifted on the vein arain, for a chamber. l rive
this description of our work for the reason that its features
a short time after affordel a retreat to our force tliat saved
their lives. The men were in the habit of wearing their pis-
tols around their waists, when going to and from the mines to
the bos m int house, and, when reaching the mine, takim them
off, and placing them under the planks cf the platform onwhieh
the windlass was worked.

l have already said that the Indians were occasionally
se n un the peaks not far from tie mine, ard it eppears they
were learning the habits of the miners, and had discovered the
facts: first, that they deposited tieir arms under the plat-
foim, second, tiat all hands sche times went down inte the
mine, for m1lf en hour or more. They had ande up their minds
tat dur it one of the times when all hands were in the stet,
(the depth of which they could see,) thet they could steal up,
and cobble the pistols. In the meantime, the drinking rater
for the force was kept in the arift in the fifty-fcoot level,
and the surface men, instead of heaving gone dom to the hun-
ren foot level two work fur any tine, as they sometimes did,
had oniy gem. down for a drink, When tie First man on emer-
Sing fram tne shaft discovered an Iman but a few rods away
making off, he halloged to the men below: "Here are Indians:

103 *

on very oF „ rte nh „% of Annen 2 298 (gosk di
Yo oö wir e ed een eee eee, 38 ee ole eee eee
evin i wasp A agh Misr Hlyw oF wo besliak ov ia
nel eff feds noanpi_e@iy iol Anow apo Jo pe liggioeel ci@
bevee gai? ene 100 OF 4e a be biolls wsls eels das oe

=Big 1jmf2 pittonw Yo secre ait mk ste rom, ett seovil seg
Of @@7 ts eft wt ine of aloynmenty ,stelew vials, inno alos
aed? mitias .onim otf anideas? softy ne ,saucd wimdol a

doirw metz ald ad? Yo eng, oi? ru med? mitoalg sue , Te
„DOS drow eo n eat od?

MLfemiesgoo ö enaihnd ats geist bias ybaozls evet 1.
Nene seine)eggs 24 Ima Onin wit mort 187 fon ating off no Gees

Sig betevocetb bad bow ,wretim @ff I stidal wit grtrewel oto
wdalg aig r98inu erin almist betieojos yes fee f sate ci

oy vith ura sew agaist ones edonod dig damit , baopos,. and
ang een aay gu Sosa bas EMIT joo 1g tual a Tlel ae? . one

Deen M eipy.ebnol Lie nett emule od: Ju eno guhaeh tale
e Cnete bLvyer yor Jamis (eee ion tad’, ee to Aigebd ada)
M025). Qoideiab es. omtinaas as al -elLole ig. eds eldiog Daw

v 19 lg st uu alt A een een of2) yo)
u ee Wen @enoy piiyel lo beesagl . tem nne aif ese
~ bib efuitioma yew? sa , ois uno 1 Arve oF Levey yod sou
—1079 1 HAG te? @if oth wtih © 7 crab oy yew dat
yews abu wel 6 fi maiand ae Lorevopeil slate one aad pln
ee ene wr eonjit woled opm ert be@ol igi. ot, To mada

CPL

Hereupon, the Indian turned back, with cocked revolver in his
hand, which cf gouree induced the man to grab for his own, but
when he discovered that it and all the rest were gone, he ske-
deddled down the ladder as fast as he could go, and got into
the fifty foot drift and out of sight of the Indian, who was
eiue main fearful of showing himself, lest some of the men
mitt yet have a pistol. The Indians,then thinking they had
a chance to make a final disposition of five white men, comeén-
ced to throw down rocks, wheel-barrows, crow-bars, blocks of
ore, and every movable thing they could lay their hands upon,
until they supposed the men were all wt only dead, but buried.
They then stuck their heads through the opening, pe@ring down
the shaft, and a 1100 ing "Wanzies!" (mite men.)

The men, being in the drifts, were out of sight of the
Indians, but they could see the Indians plainly,and could iiave
made good Indians of them, if they had been in possession of
their arms. In a short time the Indians left,and the men in
the shaft remained perfectly quiet, fearing that if the In-
dians foum they were uninjured, they would set fire to bun-
dles of sage brush and throw them down,which would soon smother
them. They were in trepidation,fearing the cook had heen at-
tacked first, ard as the ladders had been broken into kiniling
wood by the rocks that the Indians had thrown down the shaft,
there was no possible way for tnem to get out,without help. It
was ten miles away fran the nearest settlers, so 1 expect they

104.

sid ni saselovet podem Atty . deo beneoe neiinl eff . naps wee
sid e Bll so? germ of man of Becukrl eswe To flr 7) bw
—O%e orf tte dier Seon ete [fs ong I ane Bortyoow td Wael
Gini toy Dem es Bivos et as teed ef soboel ab rab pol ebad
enw Ofw cn er ole Wo ne To 300 oe FTliah PuoTt witli @z
fom off ‘lo N Jeeal ,tlewatd wiiwodsa to Igtiad? ee aalve
tel one int re cede arelint off -Loreiqg a ever joy + tym
=N@iEro % nh evit Yo molrisoge tl ienil 4 eta eF sonede A
QW waools .stad-wow . sworiac-feotw een nwob worries oF bes
foqu é@boad tlet? vel blue Ne witty eldavom Yxeve one %
„ett sud. eb yitw iar {ia ter mem er! one er Listy
f¥ob Bii1eeq , arinedo offs dMauoiwd? sha«t weds douse neds ety
{.rrom efirf®) tete tt eo et bre ,itate “aly
eff Yo ente To nen eftirb off eft rie , nem ect

Oe bivoo baa, eIntelq nt ef ova Bicow yed? fod Hann
10 tuleeravogd di mec bei yor) Tt , nerf Yo enantio! een eben
mi vem ef? bra. fiof ettelinl ay emit te anf . ete sheds

enl off ti tat? arcitac? ,sotup eee 17 bentedet Stam Sl
“id of etlt foe bivow yet? ,dbetutniny wrew yod? sivol analb
ita rece bluow doriv,mwob mets wowl? ont Herd etes Yo ead
-—2H (0ed Let Avon Offs Sniiaol noltebiqest wf eiew yor? - mee
anitiets? ofni metow reed oer exebdbal @if of bus, ferl) betes?

sims ote wer non bor ennionk ens tats @toor wi 1O Boow
3) ten be eu $69 oF ges 410? yaw oldledeog on Gee eters

“rly ge %% Lon ele de seoree ots ard caer vel mm ne? Saw

AAT

spent a couple of anxious hours. The cook, waiting two hours,
and tne wen not goming to dinner, concludes sumething was wrmeg
and started lor tie mine. As he approached, he could se that
there sau o@en a ¢learcim up around the shaft—piles of ore and
rogks were missing ,-nyt « wheel-barrow, crow-bar, or sledge in
sight. He finully stepped on to the platform, looked aown the
siait, ana halloced. At the sound of bis voice, there cameup
from tie siaft the coun bined cheers of five as heppy boys as
ever were :eleasea from prisen. Fortunately, the Indians had
nut aisturbed the windlass, and the rope was sill upon the eyl-
imer. As son as the cook cauld let down the rope,he hauled
the men up, one At a time. 1 happened te te in fan rare seco
at the tare, and all work was suspended until 1 returned. The
hen were on the look-out for anether attack, all the time. As
soon as i returned, 1 sent word to the Conmandant of the Port,
at Lodependerme, sixteen miles away, that the Indians hed at-
tacked us, ana he at once sent down a sergeant and ten men,and
kept tien ond an peu there for two or three months.

In this little speck of war, 1 learned how su many goud-
hearted Men Nad ogen msde to believe that there are no goad
Izulans Out au ones. fhe fave man who were imprisoned in
the ud ne, after tas, wore willing to showt an Indian wherever
bey coul sse one, and l have found that to ue the case with
all the emisrants 1 ever knew, who were attacked by Imiane,
when crossing tue plains on their way to California.

165.

Stal ow? antiow ,40@p ertT ®t soelande lo alquecs @ @rege
anwende anne eefultore Atme of Wamet Pot eee ets be
me ere blue at , becingorggs of 4A «Othe «il 190) sos 18s eee
Santo Yo eeliq=ettate wid bevow qu wtivaelos s eee Sai eneas
Gi esbels 10 ,1090d-w x , wrod Leaip © fut, Fiieese O20 €4609
Giz te pedoo! eee eis of ne Segoate Man et - Agee
quem ered? ,tolav aif to kes ot? 1% 8 +-bewkhini sae , st whe
en eved ~agedl en evtl] tu c1ieei> Dent de «17 Ine ete wo
Bei enaivn] wts , yLarare! sot -Weli, worl Geewels. @uew “eve
“pret? ogy Lissn saw aged os ben , eanlinis wit amigored o dat
DHL wi,oyat wit mrap tel bigus dove wit 48 awe eh. . tee
Cos imiat an? ai Oy oF boreqqai I 0017 4 2a ote ,.QU nas elf
if §.Bearmse 1 List Denne ar ow % Lin bw, onbe aid 24
SA .@nit aid iin , atin wet orm 1.03 ¢uv-Agol off a9 de man
e230T @i2 Yo srabrnecamed wit.of irew.tnce 1 , bette: 1 66 mone
—t@ bet senelvect ois tamil , youve eelna wootaie , oalebhaageling ge
bok. fee vet bem éneentoe a awed ta948 eomy 74 al dom e eee
-ei fou ent to owls add ote! ceyapcne md? tqed

-OR (iat os wor Sewiasi | tae Yo moge offscl «iti2 al.
oR of O18 oTeds tae evelled us alem sees Lele nem pesganti
os Sooeliges View OW Hem eves wit 8 .80m seed 20d wit
Teveteiw dail m swore os mruilitvorm ,epieeied lp yottpe eds
e veco O17 w of fale dayd? overt 1 1m, oy. cee. bloc yeu
pe@reiini yd bedvssin e7ew win , woud nove 1 62 oh ota sie
1 -PavaOtiies w vev.aiels ee entely ene eee nee

| +601

—_—

While the soldiers remained at the mine, they, with my
men, made excursivuns into the mountains every Sunuay, to look
for Indians, and they got oack all the pistols tiat the Inas
had carried away.

11 was but a little while after this, that quite a respec-
table war was raging, and the reguiars were clad to accept the
aia of the miners te quell it. A company of volunteers on-
countered the Indians but a short distance from the mine, and
ran a mier of them into Owens Lake, where they found twenty-
three dead ones, This settled the Indian trevble in that val-
ley, and from that day to this those Digger Indians have been
not only peaceable, but many of them became iniustrievs farm
laborers, and constitute one-half of «those who hire out for
farm work. Some of them have preempted Government land, pay
taxes, and send their children to school. Although these Im-
dians la ve always been considered of a very low life, 1 tan
they showei greater adaptability for ¢ivilization tian tne In-
Giane of the Atlantic States.

1 comtinvea to superiniend this mane for about turee years.
l erected the first smelting furnace in the county, ana ship-
ped the first bullion to Los Angeles by tea, and fun there,
by steaner, to San Pranvisco. It was but a short ine after 1
Summencea the shipment of bullion, vefore other mines were open-
ed near me, am bullion was vein shipped aaily, at the rate

of twenty tons per aay. us bullion consisted uf vars weigh-

200.

vr Ofek pyar? en eee te poniacet ewethiog et? af fare
Wood of (yao RR 4 OVE Sisal ovagd af? eter weoiegtous eben ,tan
Cede) ws pats elosusg ate lin teac ton, vods baa yenasen{ a
"are bebe: bat

eee « OFilp Poly , eats willis ofinw elsriiian evs eewe)
O12 Tyece8 or bo orew eraluvet ede ore , lina eo say elds?
M a ie8efmiov to ytaqmoun A .ti Linuy of evenim edt Yo ora
fra perten elf ae! @orataih Jyots A 10: aceéebol off bowed GOD
Ne Cow lL yett aretw (gael anes) o3nt onde Td “eG ane
fav fat? vi elduts natiatl oi) Baltros wii? „ ert oeab coulis
Meet oval Gueldil quanto qeudm ily wo “nd 2 aie aot? ine peel
Mie svoiwevrtt e b owls fo vious Sus , ol éeesacg vino gon
TO) «fue er! ( wits Bes To Tiat-ano efulipaias som jssenodel
Wag, tral art vod set mmerq oval aed? So er . so" 11
~Mi aeot* inuwitth ~~ «loose of mentlicto teit oroe bum , some
Mins 1 t wol (rev 6 lo dowstentuo Nees syauls evel eee
NE me sort mu lfagilivis ©) urtlidatqaks sotamuy sepots yo
-e@2 ar? Llsnnisa et 16 eee

POS ood JGode VOD wee ELAd ees eee oF Bers nee I
“Gite 20a \yiuven ait-nd opsinidy) ant lem ieetl) et taso@rert
Otel a) soe Jeol YO enlegak Gol of enetilue esd) O12. bag
Stellan a 4) Sai 4 fod wew at daveb? aeP oF sernepe
-—MOqgo O'lee bee eee Giele! ,moiklud Yo tre capes ors een
eter ws fa clileb weugtia Muct eewmelliod Bw pen ene te
Ates eiw tv olveienoy wlidud auf? — .Yab Ty ener neee

. o

ing about a hundred pounds each,—the lead ani the silver un-
separated, as the separating could be done in San rave isco
cheaper than at the mine, and no danger of road agents while
in transit. By this time (about 1375) there were five sselt-
ing furnaces in blast, within a few miles of Owens lake, and
upwards of eight million dollars worth of silver and lead had
been produced by them. In the neantine, wood for echarceal
was peing exhausted, am tie only point at which an abunuarce
soula oe found was on tie Sierra Novads mountains, on tle Wes-
tern side of the Valley. This wood for charcoal wis twenty-
five miles distant fron the mines, yet in plain sight. A lake,
ten miles across, and nine miles uo a mountain side intervened,
byt 1 determined to make it available. Having fulfiliei my
agreement with the company to whom 1 had sold the mine, I re-
simed my superinteandency, and preempted the water of Cotton
Wood Creek that iad its rise on the summit of the mountain ama
meanderéd through an immense body of excellent timber for lum-
ber aM charcoal.

1 get title to fif teen hundred acres of the land tiseough
the California State University, who had awthority fram Con-
Sress to locate unsurveyecd lands, by paying the expense of sur-
vey ing. fhe Cotton Food Creek emptiedinto the Take, directly
opposite the mines. Near the votton of the Creek, 1 built a
hov se, moved my fa.ily into it, and conmenced to build a pack-
trail up the movntain, te enable me to trensport machinery for

107.

“tw tevire ef? Lee heel @it--, lone eee feqbiwel se iouu_ wis
ooaroratt »@P? alt en od Dbluoo Onis ataqee ar Oo , bed aaegns
Iiir ualnese Leaort To Vepheb on Lue , Onim e427 fe nant? seqaetp
-Sitsn Ovil oree ore? een svodnl emre ais 6 -fhenad? &1
bee, eke seed TO eehta wet e midtiw ,taaid ni eeoame? sri
Dall nel eee «ovlia Yo dAtwow eiphilol aoiliem acini Tor eit iege
IS “tot toow ,echinaes ott ol mei? yd SOvuLow ese
Sanne mim te e te nen yimo ear are , beseumixe BAESS enb
s60W «47 © ,anitntnuce esbavot atTieih at’? no gaw ue ed %
ayinee? ew ente wt Looe bur -yeilay ew? lo ebte axe?
,Ofnl ente tinig mi jog ,eonin oe eword gnaseidb eelem evad
beneyvrest:t ne ntateuscm un din eu t tee rene welin mez
Vu” eit ot wrivek -Oldalieve 2: etm oF Don inmeger tind
Teor | enim ad? Live bat an of deen eis) (tiw enews
Werte “lo setew wl). Letqmeesg bra , yonebues iiseque! «nm bemis
BM NM ten oF lo time eff oD eels eft Det tals sogtd) buoF
l 40) vedut) seellooas ylos ocnewuat os Aggotd? sesebreet
IS Gonne be ao

enwue vir Dot sus So eetps eee meetts® of elgus Yoh ad
“wD mow ye modvrar rad url . yt beasvirS etagh aérorew tiled a
“We TO sane xe of Bntveq vd ,abrrt, bevevevans e2eool of s2enk
een ele! es oterbe:sqaa Ave1d ood notz00 gif)’ .gni vev
© Pisces 1 „ een aly Yo morsod afm toe +. eenter ois oF Le04 ge
end „ vilod o& heyrensoo fm , or eee yicael ge eee eee
Wl Yie ufson Sajeres? off an efoer® of. .cuetnuwm ete quite

ToL

A saw mill. While at work at this, the great local earth -
quake oceurrea tliat, Por a time, was known as tle Inyo earth-
quake, It veins confinea to that county. On the twenty-third
of March, at about three o'clock at night, (d) my entire fami-
ly found themselves sprawling on tne floors of our bed rooms,
the house swaying and rolling sv that it was impossible fur us
to stam upon our feet, but by dint of creeping and rolling,
the five of us finally succeedea in getting out of doa's,where
we witnessed tile most awe-inspiring sights that imagination cm
conesive. In front of us the Lake was com ing up towards us
in waves apparently forty feet high, and roaring like the oem
in à gale. The mountain near us was shakirg and trembliré to
an extent tmt loosened immense rocks from the peaks near the
summit, woicgh came boundim and jumping from eliff to ei if,
increasing their velocity as they cane, and leavin a streak
of fire behind them tat lookeld Like hundreds of strenks of
ehain-lightning, and so lit up the mountain sides that we ewld
see these inmense rucks on their transit to the plain. This
turmedai, noise, ana shaking continved until daylight, bot grew
Jess amd less, from tie first great jar that threw us wit of
beau. The sensation that all of us felt was of Imvine: started
in one direction with great velocity, anu being stopped so sud
denly as to throw us at least ten feet, although we were ina
recumbent position. At daylight, the earth had quietes down

so that we could move about, ana see what mai ceen the results

108.

- dtuss iseol tammy Gm. eti! te Atow gm obs? I gon s
-igqee oxnl at? ea swom ear . ect? 2 tel , smile. TLS Siam
Nit (enen oo 20 ‘Wnuect i2\) of Seth Oo Wifes 71 deen
~legt osiztne yn (9) . eee e@ Avojs'o es us suede Ja (80984 Bo
,@@o1 ed 1ve to eteoll ent co galilwange eoviseaed? sngpe) gl
se Wl eldlesogm: esaw fi sail ve Qniliot ore Aneysewe caver giz
„AA bie aniqer ta 10 n yw mid ,resh 10 Ney nns Of
st e Web Io ne l te ni seberoouse ellen tt? eu dooevtt ed?
m witeninwol iad? eéiule yufiiqeni-ces geom ais Les oeniiv op
BU @htawe? qu BNtigon ese otal ery su 7% 2007) 1 „ente mos
m ott edit nen ee ei £007 let nente ere at
eee bia neee eer Bu e enen eit -elag a mi
mis et 4am 812 mo") etout corsa Lenesoo!l Jd Inelae oe
«Melo @ Tilo wow) giiqnut dre sti n ietdw ) dtm
Asetss 2 miivesl bos ,eome yet? es yricolev. Melee
% edoatte Co eh enen ontl iedook s408 mais in tted@enitt te
ee % n aebdie clatnuom ons qu 21 o8 bow , pbc histhati ec
aint malo Gt of sLenai2 1012 go @doon setomas seat? gee
Worn sii, cilaliveb Lisa seuniones oo biade orm, econ. ,Lbomms
% go ev rute Jel! 12. 29019 Jews. fs got , eral boateset
bebtsie ent Ww em cio! @ te fle tad: moliwanes ap 20a
ig ve beyquce eee bw ,ycsoolew thaw niiv rerreeath oH as
ATL rens ,2e08 an: canel „ woe? wh eax nes
Walk selelug La ene ais , ddoliyal cA rn eee
eee eee Lei ee eee Som eee een eee ow eee

08

|

in our immediate eee We were fourteen miles from
any other people, and we feared we mizht pe the only survivors
in the Valley. Nevertheless, in due season, we thong of
breakfast. My sister Charlotte and my daughter Vareia were
the females of tne family, ana Sherman, Augustus, anv myself,
Sonstitutea the five. Charlotte and Marcia deglare. they
would mot gv into tne house again to sleep or to eat, lest an-
Gtier Jar would cause the chimneys, already badly ¢racked, to
t und 40 in anu erusn then, l made a fire outside, anc went to
100k for water for coffee. We haa a stream of water prought
from the Creek Por culinary purposes and for irrigating a gar-
den, dot when i lovked for it, it was gore, and 1 eoula see
that the os¢,lletionm had becn sv great, that be fore it had
Ceased to run, it hau been thrown out of the diteh on each
side for a distance of three Peet or mre. i then wen to
the Creek for if, ana found it aso ary. Here was a Aiscov-
ery. l was pendant upon tie stream to transport my wood
and ivmber from the mountain, and if the stream was gure, the
enterprisé® was a failure. After Gagging a iole in tix ted of
the creek am finding vater for breakfast, Augustus saud led a
horse and ven up the creek towards te mountain: for about a
mile, and found the water pouring into a ¢rack in the earth,
about three feet wide, After runnang in to it three or four
days the rack filled up, and tie water came asain in its chan-
nel -

ing.

wott selin: ne ten @ia of Soortw rg ien efo1 bes io: mt

S VIV Mn elo or of Fei ew peradt ew cow ,elqeeqg s047e ya
10 tor ew , menor eek ni , taal aisdeved ol oe
n rin wrtinuah yo Bes e2/ 01nd werele eM +2e eld pew
~Blesys Ye ev. eURCA eee one. ,cdiasl of2 to eeidasl’ edt
vel: lte Siow bas essediutS -Ovit of? c]8susiz ened
nf Jeu, ,'a0 o) Io geola oF Niage Geuvwi'ens ons oe Jat) bi vor
OF ,Dedonwo ylbec yheetle ,syenminiie wis sauce Sivow tal 4040
OF sew ie , @bletyo e111 a ekan i Oi Kaow Loe Oy ol cee
SHAVUOT Geftaw Jo Me & Laci oF - 26 Noe 10 103 ae tol dood
neee Tot ore seaoqg ice Ciaulys wt dewsd wit een
eee vitoo I bites ren ear fi ,7t 103 pesool |. awiwetag , aed

Sy) bm ti @8eles. fai? , 20074 ve. nond bat mosesll ee of? ae
eee mo fetih off io boo real need sed 4.265 oF leaped

oF "Hew Mei? i « +fian % % r >to wonnselh een ents
bee © BAW ere ere O4ie 2h neee tow .31 a9) dowi0 am
DU ye 2 ogenaw, oc -awewe 96? noqu quiconnget « or D+ eo. yee
eH deen Bow amensa oh Ti bon , aiatiwem sie gent. sedan ene
Qo ber all melo @ saignaw 90224) .ewdiel » aw selngmme
B Deanna sus euQud ,feslasaw Ww 9% er Brien th oe Ages ers
BS f¥ode wl e eee @fy Bite) coew. off qu treweiae saned
e „n eff of dont n oft nee ree ae ed? beet bas yelia
™wl w @ewll 44 ort yrenrurt wetA . .eblw gee? esq: <uods
“(11> Hk 1S Aiea Oo We ww coe ,go, OLED Boste aie egeb

oi 7 0.

About ten o'clock, the stage from Los Ameles came up.
The river was terribly demoralized; said the initial jar had
thrown him off the coach, had thrown his horses flat te the
ground, am had so frightened them that it was with the utmost
diffievlty tims he could control them. As he cam up the Val-
ley at the time the road ran near the foot of the movntain,and
the immense great bowlders came rolling down su neer to him,
that he expected every moment was his last. Cracks, fran
time to time, crossed the round, where one side would be three
or four feet higher then the cther, when he wovld have to use
a shovel {which he carried! to let his waron up or down as the
ease might be,

As 1 have do fore stateu, we had no neishbors nearer than
Lore Pine, fourteen mies to the North of us, aw it was mt
probable that we should hear Prom there until the stage re -
turned the next dav. Wo were anxious for news from tere, as
we knew there were a Sood many Drick and aaope buildings ,which
“ere consitierea much less safe than wooden ones. Our anxiety
proved bot too well founded, for every brick, stone, and auobe
building in the Valley was aenwlishea, and twenty-tluree per-
sons killed outright, and a score or more injured—some of than
fur life.

We were expecting disastrous news from San Franeis eco and
uther goast cities, but happily this was a local ear muse,
amd only extemeid about fifty miles, am spent must of its

140.

-qu enue selowm sol mort more ett , tele’o mes Sudthe
bari mat Ei int @fe biee +; desltloiomen 1 fdi 1792) gee weviak off
one) „ all „„en bith ente vet .do®op ait We ain needa
1 * Mee 2s Pate en doe een ct pert ee ee
“ev viit qr e anf: eA ante Lone Leer ef rittts ebinpoet ttt
ana, si. as edt Ww Zoo? ets wer cat nur ei? oc > cit ge geal
ut of "eer ve eveb-aniifot emeo e1enivod 220m seeneantt alt
os? ,a¥oaxd -Jeel « © @eW tremem “reve beteeqxe wt! ¢ al
e ec bluew ebie %% ate dou ofa, Doeeodmn nne od amg
Seu of rent bibo af meine ,teifo «(% e rece hl ¢ apt snot «0
Off un evo ao ou nonaw eid tel of ( detwias of Aer Levaters
e sinem of mm

meer Werke etodiiion om Lal ew .petare eroted ever L aA
Pw eawey. ata ,60 lo dawil ets of selta noertu0t . onl? aol
-— © @paze als {221 este morl «280i rivwis we cate Mertens
eB, oO ee mo! ewan tod enol ana giew OF = .veb een Oe) eee
HAN, emwifaiivud Mone bra dbind yaan cout & e@rAwW emit wer ow
Ni ee av0 eee IHhoow mais elas asal foun £018) eee ee
Sd0Lh bin , smote , iw yreve: ww? , bebrucod [low oot fe pewirig
thy Ge'Uid-y Trew? Lis , Detoltlowen eay velin¥Y ole al ness
gett to ante. bor Mön un obe a inn „ rt %% belli * anos
owl Serbo

bw oo @iofer? aah mot? ewer suotwseesio grt so eqxne eter OF
pte Leoul « wew acres yLiqgat cus ,aetiin teak nei
er Yo feum tnege tea , eelim ytiitd ode somyerae ela iy

- Odd

force from Lone Pine to the foot of the Lake. That we were
terrioly seared at the time, there is w duubt, but we soun
forgot it, am my chu lar en, now in California, when reading of
the devas tation created by the turnadoes and eyclones that are
ucurring ail over the Atlantic states, declare that they pre-
fer an earthquake wuntry, if California is one, for the very
20% reason that earthquakes are less frequent.

We went on with the wall tiat i have said 1 had conpmen-
ved to make up the canon, and oy the first of April, commenced
to pack up tie material we required to put up a saw mili to be
run by water.

by the first of June we had compietéed a mill with whieh
ve gould nake ten thousana feet of lumber in a day, and tie
mill was making dimensions lumber for a V flume from tne
mill to the Lake, in which to transport lumber and eora wood.
I haa already had a survey of the route, ana men were at vork
clearing the way, and plaeing the foundation on whieh to erect
1 1 then made tne boxes of the mill and put them in place
for eigiit ov ten rods, am wade gates to enable me to turn any
part of the water tlot propelled ine saw directly inte tie
lune. From tas on, the boxes, as fast as required, at the
luwer end, were put into the flume at the mill, and just vater
neut turmeu un to float them down to where’ they were to take
tieir places in the line. By the first of November, we lad a
?iume completed from the mill fairly out on to the plain, and

iil.

% W r .ed6. erie Po suol «if oF ons) mol abit’ eo108
Moros we fed ,fdveb a @f wiets , els OF Teen MDS Lat ce?
10 weliam cote Anett et eon e e qa Ute , 8k Poyiol
O16 “s/t, emmicts Sp geeks: a2 4s eee net Holi Bieave> BY
or, .ete calg s1aleed ,eotese viltnalzéA Gi? Wo lin MIO TIOG RH
eae oS «dl. oneal aberwillled % edi sheep tense m Tel
seu goTt) e680 ona -eodguphin te 28 roster eg

eee ted lt Dine evel 1 smiaediaw eis ois fv orev OR
Pen nf O f Ww fae" ele yo cons ,cORao 042 qu ede oF bed
Sd wt Slim wee: qu fvq ©) beige: ow Leinaetan G2 qa debe OF
N een Va nit

Hoste Sciw (Lire e mere ban ov emt h seit als oF
eit bon „ea &- M1 “eda Je 26M eee eee mee SAgM Linde oF
eis mort emul? VY #10 ssemml enoteromis. wi skae waw Li gm
shew anoy Dia wedewl mojyaneit of toinw mi ,eacl o1f a Site
ku 26 tow ven orm , Ofuo4 ote Bo yous o bet yoeetie pen i
2040 Of ee so MoLrabruy? i nene nom unn Hase
only ot mode tug bow LLinm of Ww eoxod wit obham none i 21
We e of om ene of een Shar MH een er ens aot
mit orn xl tees wee @12 Lollojotg tele “2 ew wis Je sing
Si) bellen en cant ao eee @ld-. 00 ee worl. een
ern taut bes [iim eis se ewll of oral tug wow aoe wwol
ne of n (ole wanted of med mene nnen nw komen? huevos
SB wat oy ,Teamev0 Iu tancd ote yA „t olf mM #e0niq 18
ine nialg @&ir @ om fue ylaia® Chto et aott bereiquavy een

444

were able to sem down all tiie lumber we had made that aid not
% into the eenstruetion of the Plume, sume fifty thousand
feet, and all tiie slabs that came off of about four hundred
thousand feet of logs. We fun that. we chulu sand down ten
thousand feet of lumber in one hour, or twenty cords uo wow,
anu that it took but thirty-one minutes to rum down an eight
ineh sqvare limb, twenty-four feet long.

The mill being eleven thousand feet above ticewater, we,
of course, kad tu suspend operations during the winter, but
early in the spring 1 extended the flume to a pint where 1 had
erectcd kilns fur bur aing char coal, for which there was a de-
mand Por not jess than eight thousand bushels per Cay, by the
smelting furnaces then in operation, This. chareval i wuld,
with ay facilities, manufacture and deliver cheaper than they
could procore it elsewiere, ana make a profit of five cents on
each bushel, 1 had not yet got all my, arrangements wn pleted.
1 was builaing nen a steam tug, and docks upon eau. siae
vf the Lake, but 1 finally got everything in working mar, and
was delivering coal, lumoer, and wood, and felt that 1 was on
the road to a fortune, anu should fave hesitated be fore accept-
ing a quarter of a million dollars for ny proper ty, hau it been
ufPfered re.

In oe meantime, two of the largest mines who were my
largest customers, were in litigation, um d Gecision ver se
to teelr claims was rendered by the court, and they were shut

iid.

Jom BIE gas Nen veel ow. ceomi ed! L1G eek bee W Olos wieF
e ne n eae een li.ad? Jeo solsowis emweo nl? oF; Of
kezbaut suet Suvas, oi Toons sade edabe out Lis 208 , tow)
Hes «woh briag elucn. sw Jade ine) OF, eee Io seg) baer en
pmuow le ehis uicew e ,1uerd, one of sedayh.Ww tes eon
aio Se ae owt oF seturnig eneeyi tl t25,.@0) £5 fm we
mnt fed) wel-viness., aaa wmimipe (9d

Oe , teiswell! oda ceo! .useyali oevele yihed Ilia wT
gud „ r Iriwyd senelsawer icnegqest ov! £4!., fewer To
Seiii eteiw tnim, » of, orm D oS) Beistaine [I Btigge ow ts Chae
—ab 2 af® o1gls te 103 Lon NAU ANN enlia bosvewm
@ig cd .¥99 1m) ol@taud oaseuerl? 26219 Ag@il see 20%, 702 Bian
hin i, (aupiado eit -fetrais9e, thie? eepaniwwt pth? Come
Nn M ee Teviler mia ayiivatuase , aoisiliogt Ya cgle
NO A nb evil Jo silow 4 eden ong ,orisiveadio fi. maswm blow
Det ox asnemeyiors em ils soa gay tow caid -iotam duno
he ho poqe advo} bus , B01 maoge oe eee at aliud ow i
bak. 2 t ee mk giiteieve so9 qilanst i, cud , eka enh Ip
nO ees &b 2a tie? gue .boow D „ een , law pnicovilel aur
ene "Nat Defalicet evel dsvole wg eee « of Dagt eile
n wae e ee eee co wd erellek millia e Jo 1es180p & BM
„ bewtie

(st „ten oy in teense ai? 1 ow j epi aaa oe t
b 1b — cvleiem@® » om, meliaaiadl nin onew ,ereme agy deepial
file ien Gls ore . hee wis yo eee eee Ole lo 1184 we

„44

4 7 z 7 N
11 in prise of le and silver had 41 201
ared omer mines, and in ten days time, there was mot * mine
in the di striet raisine ore, nor x furnace in blast. A panie
and depression seized the ertire conmunity. very industryin
the Valley was erippled. Ranches had no longer a market. The
Werchants could sell no goods, nor collect e doller due sem,
All confidence was com. 11 ho dem el aims ga ine t others,
felt it incumbent upon themselves to press them, if there was
a vemute chance to eollect. I, to finish my work 85 had cone
a few shovsand dollars beyond my means, ant my proper te, into
whivh I hed put nearly 2a hundred thous em dollars in money ,and
nearly ten years of hard work, wes sold vier an attachment,
and left me without a dollar, wt not in dept. All my labor-
ers were paid, and 1 did not give up to mourning over my luss-
es, wor sleep nor sat the less. We left our place at Cotton
food when sold out, and hired a little ranch at Lone Pine.
Shermen and Augustus vent to work for wages, while I, with a4
hirel Chinemar, went to raising chili peppers and onions, aw
made 1 pay. ‘Tis true, this was not an exciting life, but 1
sperm, two vneventful years making an occasional trip for sport
ani recreation to the nountains where I had built the saw mill
I hai put fifteen little trout into the stream, that 1 haa pro-
ehre in a stream that emptied on the West side of she moun-
tain, um they grew aml multiplied so fast in their new hore,

Lis.

Steecth Bed “wvlte* beh Bel Yo ecinh &F Lon? denne A bey)

Sls pa fon em eet ene evar ood wl be! eetta sree fern

Sinks 2 eatea ot @earte® aso [ee ertel in ¢ obeealh af? Wi
mts int «aby C7 dey ot Lorre at? Lec tsa Noten Ing
OAT .fvitcor erer on bal enn -butyqitse «© ¢alipY ot?

mer elh vetfloh „ tonlloe Yon ere on Lfee' “buono 2 hepa

o fantasy arstu le’ ort wt ff2 Non ann worerf ines 118
ieh Fi en erer wovioemots mig. eee oe? ene
ien den yin eine of _1 29 lone erat de wens

Ot reronotg en ee Sanne qe ron etre fet Men wet @
in, o tf SLL a Knör D mn oe ene 2: oat e e
eee om avter blot d Alte bit Yo nne nee) yl aan
aer yn {iA 260m mk son sam ler 2 rettet em Pel Gk
=s80l nm “Ove snimtom of qu svi Jun ots £ ma , tte ever ate
fettod se ebefy tuo steel #7) | Jawoll ett wae ton eels Tart a8
nden Jr Meat eltril a betid brn e clos! Rely Boot
„etre ,degew 109 % d ord gut eunuh tan emis
ne te Drew Segen lite ite ttt ot tree deine fed
Poe it wis ieee ce dor wew eit oni) “ero -wq si Sita
een aOR eB Tavetenod0 te anc dar é4n0v Eutioevend ae mye
Ii wee oe fliod bat I er mms ais 09 e “ina
“Or, bot 1 tat? mew ez ofnt unt Me nosrtet oun Gat f
-yror ot Yo elite ree? orf to ene eee enn @ ni beri
Pett wer teal! tL gael Ow Serig tt (wn bee wee yede few (tres

VAT ~ on

4

yeu > oe 7 ae a
g af a

that i gould, at the end of three years, with roa, line, and

Fly, bug a hundined of them, weighing a quarter of a poum each
in an afternovn; and in a strewn heading at the buse of count
Whituey, just serous the divide, the gulden traut . sv bun-
dant ana de wargan of the stream so clear of bush, that 1

e riudien along its bam on horseback, Ma caught them by

5e scure, a this, din an atmmephe: @ s cool, cigar, and An-
vigeratang, tliat ea uay's sujourn segmei ta increase vitali-
ty, am remey one's age,

About two years singe 1 was in augen to leave this quiet,
Sylvian iife,.to piimse again into the execit@nant.of mining
for gold; not this time in the mountains of Califernia among
Piute and Dieser Indians, out in the old State of Virginia, but
four huurs distant Prom the eaty of Washing ton. Gentimen of
my acquaintance had becume the owners of am. ostate of a thou
sati teres on uch were numerous auriferous veins, sore uf
whieh iad been profitably worked be fore the var. Trev vere
in hopes the hydrawlic process could be used to work the sur-
face, aum knowing my experience, they had sent for me to corp
and Superintend their works. 1 came on, and was surprised to
Pind almost within the sum of the bells of the city of Yash-
ingtun eviuence vf the existence of gold, eite equal te any 1
hau ever seen in the palmy days of California.

L sdvased the Company to look Por gold by sinking shafts
upm the veins, but they were anxious to work the su face, in

114.

r

1

7? ae

wer wad, eo Ati Ope 90762. lo bne el 26 ,blitots ' Bae
fone eee a Jo weesvp @ Middaltew , amis Jo) Lean eee e
Inte "lo sed af? tepasibeodl agente 2 mh. is /ityetitestn fe a
n we Tie dots nedbdvy Ble , ebivik O11) asuiss Jeu eee
1 toh een Wo mele, oy et ait een ole er ened
¥4 sl? giljves com , de adoeiod two ated ead mele 0662 VRE
wid GD, Swed . dowd Ot © WWiguutgn in sh... eis aes , 1098 G12
“iLS2iv Sra@tond uv! Lorene mivetew e'giw rwet Cond , Ok enen
O54 Ae voces am , Yt?

ef@@icp eff Oveel of bOnvkiit e I setle S169) wh! dues
ett login cesione oly Ofnk une bam iq of ., @14. naavige
Brim atopolils<? te „rea of8 1 nt: ed. Pan. Mer wT
40g, 4inin7iY Fo eget? blo ait wi 4d , aohibr dl wendG byw OFadd
90 nen |. .mermiuides® To "rio wit mutt snedesd eaued seg
“fond a to ofetac m to „nme wivled ol epnecnd eipos Ae
“ee Grom ,anlevy egy7eliwe syotseun enen folie ue sete sme
wim car «32 @l2 otlod bedtow Yldaliton meg ba at Lis
tie 7 <tow of Loew ed ee segvowm offmsibul «2 etqed ai
Sr 22 or 10) fom bel yonts , egneliegae wu mised bie , eee)
OF 24it tte ane pre ,tu eae i „„ en Gisis Lie tncieque sae
“der? Tu Uo air Yo efled ots Jo sigue ets nidtiv soomle will
i ys of Lappe etie, en 2) een ee oli Too webive surged
seis roti dau lo atee oaleq O12 gh -ti@oe seve cet

ine gictdnia YS civy tol aval a) ener edd. sees Vag 2p
ml n ee &2 stow of suUIANS @18W YOu! tua , etsey Ge mogu

oil

hopes that they might uncover a bonanza that wuld pay all ex-
pens as of a plant fur umergroum work. Tre country was too
flat, and water too searce for hydraulic work, but by ordimry
Sluicing off the top down to ved rock, ve found gold in 11 of
thom . On the last day's work done under my supervision, five
Colores boys tuk up one hundred and twenty dollars. That
Night the weather became cold, and we were canpolled to sus-
pend mining until spring. 1 then went on to New York, where
1 found employment,—not so exciting, but less laborious, 1
réme ine d inthe vicinity ef New York until Pebruary of the pres-
ent year, since when 1 have been traveling in Northern Michigan. |

1 visited many of the places I was familiar with when a boy,

saw &1l whom 1 could find of those 1 knew years ago, but thy
were few and far between. 1 was in hopes to have found sane
of my Indian friends, and was curious to see and learn the re-
sults of sixty years’ intercourse with civilization. I in-

amrei at Grand Blanc, Flint, Saginaw, Shiawassie,and t Gram (
Rapids, but no one could tell where they could be found, or
even if any of them still lived.

At a party at Grand Rapids, at which I was a guest, a littie
@pisude occurred, that pleased me greatly. I informed
tut there was a lady present who could talk with me in what .
sane of them facetiously called my *mtive tongue. When iwas
introduced to her, {by the by, she was the wife of the Mayor)

115.

me [in yoy bf on fe he wRYenod « Tevoert men qalt Pane Gog
os AY two at row fuse wing svt realy © 90) eng

ViiniLw ya fud ate olfapiberi wt woes ov! <ethw bie 2al4
Yo ile wl blog bruset? ow, aot bed oF avab yor aw The gilelwtt

Ovit ule ivmqua Yo een ee Biow O'. a Soni os WO nir

fexAT tele Uirow? brew bebe at qv Aw! eyed be qekep

“ous -> Lol feyrpe otewr ce bres blow “wom! weizeow “2 eee
ee , 10% wet of m Inew omit i -grnge intw goivde hve

i weeltodstl eval fud ,gritlone o8 for—,iiemyo ge aco? £

ene GS To VaruideT {iene tot wel tea vi Mitorw oi? © Dent aves
Mgilou¥ anal! wow al gnilevats maed evan] woiw dodle , iwey’ ab
Od & natin dtiv t2iffent enw [ Beoolg of to (aon MeleiW i
‘48 gud ona ethoxy work 1 escort? Yo bart Bilao 1 mbsly LL was
‘Ome pnvet over of sequel Wi cor 1 ooo Jed te? bes) ee? eter
61 wis wiel bite: doe 0) attoltus saw brn , ehrel natonl ym Yo
1 1 mOttasilivig rity Genet eee ene Te nne
b en bin ee eee en e nt ent eee ee eee

h eee er Lives ee eee er Blice ene oe sud ene
-bovil Lite af? Yo {am ue

Slivti „ fee = eow I re bie Ie. e de owtd te wg & OA
Beertetns ow 1 -<fiservs om bouielg tale ,Levrivo00 Shosige
Jette wt om dti~ dlaz Mee orf frewety “bel ee eres Paty
Sov i wl! Oe evita um belles ylevoltetet e lo empe
Meint ef? Yo ctiw ots cow aie , ow or? Vo!) (tel of bebubowgm.

et ö 66 4

=a, ne N unn

al} ueelared we must talk in Chippewa. 1 supposed that she,
Ling most Cf the @eariy settlers, had learned a few words, sm
Gouluw probably ask fur bread and say that she was hungry, etc.
I thougit i u Open « conversation with her which she woula
have to confess ns beyond ner comprehension. I eaid to. tar;
*fayeval Waiske naerinm: Opuches ne minewandon acguaysane keke-
tooimy.* (¥hen 1 wes a youngoman, I wae very fond of talking
with the girls. She. answered, without lepsitation: "I, tw,
when yours, vas less to talk with the boys." Prom that
time m, we found mich to talk about and laugh at thet 8
Greok ty those about us. hen ssked to teil what we tere talk
ing about, we told them that it was their request that we shoul
talk in Chippewa, and they must fini their own interpreter.
She was the daughter of a glergyman, whe nad for years been a
missionery at the Sault de St. Marie, where she was barn, and
fur some years, like myself, had only Indian children as play-
na tes, She told me thet for years she had had no opportunity
of using it, but that she did not forget, and it came quite as
readily as when she was a ehild.

1 shall now elose the attempt to marrate the incidents
and experiences occurring to myself, fur which doubtless our
descendants, if they wade through these pages, „111 be thonk-
ful. I have yet to give an account of the two sisters young-
er than myself—Rlizabeth and Emily.

118.

a

Ofte fal! Sewagqve I e@wegaiild mi Ala? seum ow leudisom fla
inn ,ab io wot a bemael bar .atsiss;on visas ul? Jo sadn etl
ie „ dun oa ele 14642 yoe ine ane1d 103 Aas glonde m ss
bon aia sin is a9 in guts munen sey sete i viguals J
can! oF Dine 1 Moianeierg moe tol hey 64 eh OlDon of ewert
een s Nees mobrtzneniio a e inn net OAeLa® eren
AAL Yo e yinv sew I ott sty eee 1 oh) eee ee
oad 2° tiwitasieal Jvotitve ,gerseyra aff ( winiy od@. elie
fit? port =F pw yod ad? e Ahad heereolip ear, ging een
Oi say sa daewal bee suede Ala? 99 down bayod ow , mm emis
silaseney aw caiw (Let of bexes wend „% runs O8o Ww ie
NKuots en tai? Seouzge: ene saw te met? blos ow. ,2¥odm are
eie teen mo tie! Int seun tert Ore ,eweggidd nt alae,
B MOM) a 140% 791 bed ofw ,Mgevgielo eo Ww 1etiyuap ele saw off
bee „en egy ain oimtw ,etraM. 2? ob sunk ed? da yremisela
“alg en mewhiiis meibal yino bet ,Yloaya adil .e1soy ome) 103
Reus ogg on san bet eis aan te? fats an los. wif . 902 au
Sh G3ivp onto Ih bow ene son bib eis sands . sud», th. wiles Me
-bitcs 2 eew wie pele a6 een

etimsions mit elayiian OF Jqomase ot exols wor iiete |
1n0 ee0lidGod Holde t „ lee c uf nne e etonoineges be
sineds od [Law eee eserle een ebaw cers, i eee
ent eiolela on? ort lo Impoton me avin of soy evad & - Li «
. Le bne AtedaxgilS--3lesym made we

Oil

After ail the children but tnese two hau left the nome at
Gram Blane, the orothers pursvaded ovr father an mother to
sell the ola farm at Grand Blanc, and accept a 1161 10 hans they
would purchase for them at Avon Springs, New York. They I ved
there very comfortably until these two married. The farsi to
do SO was Plizabeth, who merried Grant Dicker, who settled in
Flint, Miechiran. ard was a prominent business man there. In
fact, he is still there, bot Fligaveth, his first wife, nas
been dead score years. She had two di ld ren, — e boy, who went
to the war and was literally s barven to death in the Libby
Prison, and à daughter who is the wife of Albert Fady and lives
at Flint, vear her father. Frily, the younges t, married
Samuel L. Fuller, who i6 now living with a secomi wife at Grand
Rapids, Michigan. Fmily had two daughters—lLily and Katy.
Lily died young, but Katy is now a brs. Torry, and lives near
her father. She is ay artist of some celeprity, having exe-
evuted some pietures that have een umz in the art galler zes
in New York, and sold there.

I have now told all len rememoer of the family, except
to relate the reer of Rrother Pufvus, whose life, although
less eventftl than the rest of vs, was perheps more useful,and
@ greater benefit to the early setilers of Genessee County tian
any other man. As I fave slready stated, he came into Michi-
gan in 1442, and located a piece of leni sdfuinine the lana of
Oliver Williams, four miles north of Pontiac. we. Tilliams'

117.

th amon oe steal vai ow? sene suc etre ets 1. %%
of otmiton bre reise) We bebevinwg aeneniotw wily , asf BWA
wort enuf efsrit 4 desen dria enn inew 6 ened ofe oo? Lise
Bevii valT e wot ,eariig! tovA ¢2 ments ww Geariow,g bie
oe 171 eT -beitiat ows evedy een yicarsottuor Ya9v ered?
mi veliioe ofw erde Jaatd ten ofw |r efasli® aaw oe GD
111 „terte nom es ett % N o a een erte ent!
an „It enn «td Arenen Nee enn Litse oi of , som
Indw ote v a—,netbhiw wet em et? net d “bred nied
* dA „% ni draet of NN yllarel il saw bus ase ene oF
Sévil te ¢hoY rsd lA To r at? et ofW aerdgied © bes eee
beivion ,seognvey erly .yliat eee as een /ratit Je
Dts te etiw bropes # citiw univil wor of ote, foliot .P leamar
Wend bra vic ise dyad ws het eres. tte Het at ge
Sa eevti bea Nn ener won «i ytal tud een beth vint
-Ga0 Srivet .yvyrirdefeo esoe TO Seid i wet oft ‘147 29 xi
Sawifyu iw wif el wel nessa aval fmil esttely other Re2u0
vote ‘blow’ Ing and’ wet mt

fg tune . Lime? et? to momere avo 1 tin tes worn evant I
Monet Geist exod¥ ,eutu nets ov8 Toner wtf areler oF
RN teen oer aqereg em) la Ty see Of nad? Difinew wel
nene eee Wo atel) ae Chin® af © Ob Fens qerRewy a
“ites ent oon ef , batat® yiranl® eve 1 oA ha tello una
fo siwl mit ieee mre Te eee hy & Bebneol tem set Al nag
‘emailit® .a¥ „Gal ne To (fo eelle rool , ew lLElew aevkso

a ¢ |

oo 7 ahd

at tiat time, was the only white family between Pontiac and
Saginaw. He had a family of eight ahi laren, 11 but one or
two of than of an age when tiey ought to Imve been at school,
Rufus, like all the older members of our family, had hau the
advantages of a conmon schoo] education, and was cOmpetent to
teach the others what he iad learned.

Mr.Williams fitted up an outoviluing on his premises for
a schoolroaum, and employed him to teach his children during
the winter of 1342, and we were always of the opinion tust it
was while re was teaching that he fell in love with one of his
pupils, which induced him to seleet lend in the immediave vicin-
ity of hor home. Althuuel tne land was poor, tiie pupil was
desirable. The land he parted with, and soon after our fami-
ly settled in Gram lane, he marriea Caroline, the eldest
dau N of Oliver Villiams, am went to housekeeping near the
homestead at that place.

He cleared and cultivated a farm, and Kept 2 small store
for trade with Indians. He learned enoveh of the languarze to
enable him to understami end make himself vumerstood, out it
was such broken Chippewa at to cause the Iniians great umuse-
ment at times. 1 remember an ettempt he once made to vongrat-
ulate a youn indian who had killed his first bear. The bear
was large am fat. I harwtliy knoe what he intended to say, but
what he ald say was: o weet to po cacheet kKinabco che musego
to mul to ne bana pimeta poezahee t. Nohra poesctret deada

113.

„*—

ina contin neaweod yelinn? of wiw gino’ of: env .ort) sale tA
1% ü sod (fn , newfie tiyte Yo «Lian? a bad of ant gs?
Loet 2a taen eval a) ue det enn one og Do apd) Ju ow
voce jaf bert ,ylims? % To aiedama tebio wt? Lla.akal , ovtul
Of Inoivqaes anv Dre note tube Loo Nom 8 Io ennetuavin
-bemnel bri at carly gierdica wit Hoaed
467 svernery «él do Biiclivesvo m qu fer2i2 ematilivoa

AAo mewlids eit dosed os wil peyolqre bane ,muetloorios 2
Si guise poiniqe et Jo eyerle wine we ben , hel lo werniw aft
et 96 eno ditiw evel mt iL af fers Bninooe eam ot alttw asw
At ova ‘bare ole ni bret ele of mit dest coir jaliaue
eaw Ligue e t00q Pew break ett oat IA -omor soil lw eed
-teet suo ee nec bem ete. beto eg Bi bent wT eee
f@shin of) , eniioral cel via en ,onels raw mi Belsres yl
Cis “ete ariqeedogwmd oF srew ing , poet LLP evil Fo eee
-eonlq tert? ta een

rere Linew » tqs84 ‘bok „rtl 4 betavitivo bre heqresfe af.
OF exstinnel wi: To muon bermeet of ental iw epaw wt
Sr fun jboove wun thea eked bm inatetebrm of ait elasne
O80 Fee ete thi 14% eaves of om meqgitd nedord fous say
nene oF ebit: aor off tg mtta na Aodeomen eee On meet
Sa00 iT othe fetid wit Dell id bel ote alive, mont 2 evalu
O08, te Of rte tt ed tate wank vilrtal 1 a1 one ep7el saw
Odes Sin Spink Peato ss og Of Seew OT* tenw Use DLO et tal
Wenne to conwy steve? tao % at anaen ed Les oe

HEC

pare ter. eT,
4 bear hovrana pl

dans, that it became a by-werd avong them for vears.

Grease pocaciieet.* This so amused the In-

He Lived here for some yeare,—in fact, until more or less
people began to settle about us. There was no post office
nearer than Pontiac, so he made application fur one at Gram
Blanc, amd tre vevartment gave him the office, but upon ond
tion that ne would carry his own mail, and take the receipts
of the office fer sompensacion. As there was mt an average
of over half a dozen letters a week, it would have denn poor
pay for the service, even if the postage ad been paid, bot the
facts were that not cone in five of those early settlers had te
money to pay postage for a year or two after settling. Then,
each letter that came from east of Lake Frie cust twenty-five
cents, and they were scarcely every prepaid, out 1 do not vo-
diev® a man or a woman ever left the office without their let-
tern.

At m @arly day Rufus cuikt a saw mill at the crossing of
the Thread River near the Tlint,—the first am only one m the
“,n ty. The woods by this time in several turns had mere or
ie ss houses without a board in +s ee sons truction, and not a
settler but wanted from five hundred tc @ thousemd feet, out
they had no money to vay wi 51 —not one in five ever, paid aim—

he Guuld not say nO-knowing their wants. His Iman
trade enabled him to live, und after a ine he also put up a

Grist mill at the same place, am imi the saticfaction of fur-

119.

“nl @y Lesots ow elt . *.2eeb geog sepsong wrely cascoil yaeg
„er 143, cats yoo Lrye-ud, & Ongogs, 26 2 wit per

MO a. mee Litnu, , tue) ab, 01 80e¢ Ooce 103 ciel aevss off
S2iT lo seey on sew OT81T „%% Cuda Oitsoe Wf caged piqued
e, te ono Ww? mitmgitage abad oh o8 , oat nutter 1892 on
nd moqu fic ,eelllo wit wid eves tonmrangey edt one, onade
gegen ne cant am en awe ect 12189 bigow of Pais murs
Wenne re Jit: wow otets aA Nol setegcos a4) evtTio, af? lo
Wed tee pyai bluow Jt , doom £ eiesiol oosos © lind revo e
@i2 fudsdieg se5d bei enetan) o12 11 neve ,eoiyeee aff sd) yae
of cat awittes yiine saci! 26 evil? mm. ote Ju eat? omy esoet
er «. ithe see aerte oes “ wy e sc? sacteeqg. Yuet yones
an nenn 2eud ols 4 odel Yo tepe mid wed dad: se tzel pee
96 Jit, ob 1 ee de £1019 neee nen COG? Ben estas
sHOL Bigg! b ops Io wl Sim Tove cewor 2 wo moet eee
oe page

Wa. wiheao soci) in Lhiw wey & tlivo # to (ob cha om Pe
ie se ong ee ots fat.) wig——,dni 08 off chen newt cnet? oF
MO iat bas wit Leroven ml vert eile vd hoo, afT Ye D
ien Min „eee er 3 co. ee ene « eee eee ee
en oof OMT eee 2 of e eee ey.) etd een ee dua eee
Stl DESY Tease een eee yey OF yorum amp bat aad?
nl alk eet gens en eee vow gon eee at tam,
SGU Jv 0816 af orl, 2 men ine evel ot, ail, bo lane, anaes,
PRMD AY soot e OME Bee Oe, hee ite Same

phe

nishing half the families in the counties with flour am meal
fran his tool chest, upon the promise to pay for it 1 some
future tite. When what is now the City of Flint tegan Ww grow,
he built 2 house there, sold his place at Gram lane, am mov-
ea his family to the sity. He had by this time six children.
five’ sons and one daughter. Lee Anarew, the oldest son, as
som as he was old enough, came to Pontiae u live with me, and
was for a year or two in tie of five of the Railroai Company.
He afterwards went tu Detroit, stili in the service of tie
Railroad Gy, but was there stricken sith consumption, ad
djed at the Halges Jouse in Pontiac.

Albert, the next son, want with ne to California, am 1
have already given som account of his successful minire there
bu his health began to fail and and he visited the Sandwich
Islands, where ® svent some time, but finding no relief, re-
turned to California, ani died there. During his illness,his
only sister went ovt to him, bet 1 am not sure whether he liv-
al to see her.

Zobedie, the sister, married in California, and is living
in Oroville, Butte County. She married Judge Narren Sexton, who
was for many years upon the bench and was considered a man of
great ability, and died lamented and loved by all who knew him.
Zobedie has a son and a daughter, both grown up, who possess
more than ordinary talents. The son is a successful lawyer,
in Butte Comty, and the daughter has for some time been a hauen

120.

[gem iA 40017 is Bebdnves #14 cf wallimet GA: n Soiaeth
e108 12 a of eee oly nogn eee e eit mit
BOTH of rahe snilt Wo ysid ei sa: ei talv nodW „ anos
wom tio , orl! ined sn eoA{q atrl Mee , Ores eeual & Fizcud SB!
bic xiv ents vise Yo boi of .YSic iz Ls y Liaw? oid os
Sh roe em lo of ,vei1knA 401 rehfguad oto hte ehoe “svi
Beier tie evil % seitm4d of ows guet Lilo sew ef 8A mods
end immliask wis Yo suite aid ul det wm whet el eae
10 Oel te AL (Liste ane ot fide t Mle atl
Be {rods qetco tiv M He oan ir wrw aud e eee be gil iaK
. r ice ml eeuell ean tot wl fe RSLs

‘I Bie .strietilad of west fo tv trey „ moe en oft l
ene Win teten e eit % Simonds emoe cotin yhRes Ty evet
MBivbhare ere owete ry ef hes nin Ie oF raped H ait oe
„tf or HN cod lj entt ena trece af e , abraléT
Siti, r en aid we iad -ored? perch bre attrroti tad af beni
it ef aeitets ere ton oe IT sod min of jo stew eee yitto
N r he oF be

BArvil of bee e te ni petsiem , tere otf , eibedos
G e e Herat endol beivism ed®@ ._devod ests, el fiver At
10 nem d beisbtarroo e ban domed ate mnogu et ye TOT Ban
mk work ow [fa yd bevel bap betnomml bole Lem ,\silids eee
een ow dd nor fod _robtgiab 4 orth me a ent si bedos
Metwek idtesoocve 4 bi ros at? „ e ytmiihw aad oun
fegite hed emis omoe 101 earl istiiguah ens bra Yiquod saul ak

_Oiet

grade teacher in the public schools.

Oscar A., the next gon, learned 1 de à printer, ana when
quite young published, for a time, a Democratic paper in Oak-
land County. He there married a daughter of H. L. Stevens, a
cousin of his fa mer, went from Michigan to Fasha nm ton, ard
there becane interested in and vas superintendent and manager
of the "ashing ton and Alexaniria Rail Rua a. He atill lives
in Washing ton, and has a grown up fw.ily of three daughters
ami one son. The aldest daughter is married, and has one
child. The son is in chargs of the car in mia the Govern-
ment is distriovting foou fishes, under the direction of the
United States Fish Commissioners.

The next son of Rufus, Oliver, died of consumption, near
Two Rivers, Sheboy an. Georre, the younrest, lives a nei ch-
bor to his sister, in Oreville, Butte County, California. He
is a successful business man, 1 . told.

After buryire his wife, Rufus (his family all being seat-
tered) cane to live with me, and died at my house, in 1450,

This, 1 believe, closes all 1 ean say in reference to the
lives and careers of the menvoers of the Stevens Panily. 1
regret that so large a portion of the papers refers to my own
career, but 1 eertainly ought to have a more vivid recollec-

tion of that than of any other.

i221.

-lovyilea olldug ais al ener Bhan

fefiw Sim „ een Bb OG OF Somiael ,dee feat or ,.A WOsd
200 i t9Og@Hq vLilwiounmd & .O@mi? o 101. , LOletiaug een 4 flip
@ .@gover®? .I oul to %, sl a collins eset? al nnd ie
111 reren
nen Ome enen eg, eee ore af dees en eee ene
@oyii [Live ei}! boot Lint glriqnxelA fae tel wu fee? ets Yo
ei.0sdggeb wei! to vlical qv awong & el jee 08 wilder? ah
ONO Bhi Se ,beiviaw 4, vosrituah teahio af Nos ee ite
ane ets e e ni tao wit to Spisdt.m et ms eff -bL lie
Sie Fo Netzebene „ enfe Live? miitudinseit af snee
-8tonmeieulmret del? eezadh; besiad

“oe: ,feltarmaencn Yo Lob ,wvild ,evtuf Yo now en aT
emior £2 efvil eat ai? ad sMagyodedh ,sa9vik ow?
Of .MimiMiled , vented e2/08 ,allLiverO nb, ,nsezele sid Of red
-bicog mm | .nem eeentaud ue see & el

thor tring (Le ylinm? efi) ene ,otiv etd mii yigd ene
WL nd ee ont e 7% bel bem en tow evil of acme f betes

OF us eoneistor ui gow may 1 lla eee .ovesied 1 eid?
I -Cligg? ecoves® eff to s1900dm off to ereeneo bg sewil
Avo yt 0? a eee etegeg «if to mistog & sath gt eee
_“dellonet biviv ote 2 evel ot sigw neee | fud eee

-1dto Yow Wo mad? fede Yo mols

PAWII1Y R NF COR D.

Jacob Stevens,
born at Ward, Worcester Cuunty, Massachusetts,
January seventeenth 1/73.

Eunice Stevens ,
born at Westbuvrough, Worcester County, October
first, 1774.

Jewima Stevens ,
burn at New Fane, Windham Uounty, Verneont,
September thirteenth, 1795.

Rufus Stevens,
born ay de Pane, May tenth 1797.

horatio Stevens,
born at New Fane, December twenty-ninth 1790.

Augustus Stevens,
bor at New Pane, Desde der fourth 1300,

Aan 0. 9 Sto venus,

born at Lima, „ July month, 13802.

Eunice Stevens,
burn at Lima, June sevanith 1394.

Patty Stevens ,
born at lima, June twenty-seventh i806,

Charlotte Stevens ,
dorn at Tima, March twenty-third 1403.

Israel Sheman Stevens,

— — ᷑ :: ee

born at Lima, August twelfth 1310.

Jasoo Stevens,
bern at Lima, November twenty-fifth 1414

Nangy Stevens ,
oorn at Lima, Octoner secom, 1314.

—„—— —

bern at pity May eighth 1520.

Flizgabe tn Stevens,
corn at Pittsford, Maren fifteentn 1617.

OOO IIIA

——— —— —

deere
eee neee ele et te e da nee
„Lol denepraeves cwotal

shoves? evinus
Adobe „ une tes sene „ een cute 28 nun
ei ent

„ Srevesh. suitwel
Sennen „anne nale ,Gias ween Je nad
-@avtL ,dinestuid?r r8eanesgeP

, Sneves awaut
„l Gide? va , eral »ew ve ood

S1OVO2F oss may
-Oe0L dénin-yiness a90wenet eat wet ta Mot

Sm.

„Dewi tue ia hee „ ud «ell „ ae

eee
„hl ant eiol , amid da mod

Rr
„
(rl s twb ves envl al fa crod

1

Ae vis KS
Oel mgnevee-usnew? onvl ,amitl ss nated

4 * i ®

*
„Iberer dete’ eu te mod

„Se oer. ene. leert
rt sen 7d — 1 ,

vos?
rInnen sedmovell ,aatl fa med

„eres. yousy
Aer , imooee 198900700 , nal 2a mea

-eneves? yismS yo.mit

rl Asiaio val ,atveiinell ja Axed

r » shoves? po s

ee a “Sei Arn weegils senet _baesv land )@ GA 2°06

meas VAR Y.

Jacob Stevens, Senior,
died at Knoxville, Orieans County, New Vork,
May fifth 1357.

Enge Stevens ,
died at Barre, Orleans County, August fourth 1347.

Jemima Perkins,
ed at Barre, aged sixty years.

—

died at Pontiac, iiichigan.

Horatio Stevens,
Liel at Hroakiyn, “Novemper eirhteenth 1371.

Antuetus Stevens ,
died at New Fane, Octuver sixteenth, aged ten months.

Augustus C. Stevens,
died at Seonondea, Oneida County, May eiehth 1845.

Funice Stevens Rringmade ,
died at Knowlesville.

Charlotte Hinsdale,
died at Brooklyn, Ione Island, aged seventy-tiwee
year's.

israel Sierman Stevens,
died at lone Pine, Inyo County, California,
February sixteenth 1547, aged seventy-saven years.

Jacoo Stevens, Junigr,

died at Lima, April twelfth 14515.

Nancy Stevens ,
ale d at Pittsford, June twelfth 1316.

uA IX Puller,
died at Conesus, Livingston County, New York,
abel thirty-two years.

Rlizaveth Decker ,
died at Flint, Michigan, aged twenty-seven years.
{1 an imeclinei to think Mr. becker wes older at her death than
stated. 27 was dukte young for a mother of their twa children

She was born in 1817, and therefore would heve died in 1544?)
c es

WRAWP Lee

, to dite 14 5 coval
, ew wel ,ylowod eaeel so , allryxsoat sp Saib
- Che £2137 19

4 sf.
Need datwol reunuA ade unsere „enn sa heib

dre 9 elek.

. een Vixie here Sorter te bare

. Stovall se v2Gn
-Ttaekideih ,waiénoS 2m Seid

,auevesh of sath

fer lL tnt et veavevo™ nvyitont fe Lar.

«BIG ve? mural ay

nen ref bege t ieetaie 1% „ enn wot ta beth
-efever® 9 sussuguA

nt nem te vat .vinved abter® ,mabhsomont? 2 Gerd

Deen eneves®) soins

ol liveolworA 2a beck

7 e wef
¢ a seid
@ulr-yinevee begs „ ele wrol ,ryivoeti oa beth

e

ves f
I % ind „ e nh On ,enis enolyr beid ~)
een t re Nene Loya ie ee Ae Nee

r

eee
rl Ae e enn beim i

(Le C set Lews onul ,srotesesd ta bead

‘
% Bel , etttvoD sosentived , eveened Ja Bp
210% O8l-cJ aid) Louse
er-, hogs unn He n fa ene
1 “et tn le arm ee len eee of einen
nne 40014 % e ee en ort n e

*

Watertown, July 8th, 13587.

My dear Nephew:

I have read with great interest my dear
Brother's womerful memory of early life in our childhood
home . I discover, however, sane mistakes in his notice of
our ances tors. on my Father's side was a lineal descendant

.
;

of koger Shermens. My Fatier's Mother's maiden nne was Patty

Sherman, after whom 1 was named. lay Granafather's name was
Israel Stevens. Bruther Sherman was named after him for ler@)
and en his Grandmother's side, Sherman.

My Granifather Stevens nad five sons instead of three, as
my Brother has it, am one daughter. The oldest son's nue

was Israel, after his Father, the other sons were named:

Phineas, Sanuel, Francis, ana Jacob. fne daughter was naned
after her Mother, Patty- She married aman by r s nar of
Calnpoelii. l imve the impression that he was 4 man of some

note in those days, a8 1 used to hear nin spoken of as Fsquire
Campoeil. The oldest son, Israel, rena inen with us parents
in Vermont, uu le they laved. 1 do mt think he had wife or
laren. The four younger brothers came to Lina, New York,
About the yeur cf Kienteen hunired, ard settled on farms ad-
jvining each other. As the family recerd stows, Augustus

*

Stevens was burn at New Fame, Verment, in been bar 1300.

S968L 280/00 , oreTt Wee on Bele . Jeni? alt arenen
wald ,aml( Ja wtod saw ensved?e .0 arceunUA „ ene Sed dene
ee ver M .s0el nt % val did ate , is BORO Genta
Ib .wiaisond iaits otf Mtb acti e pwnd ae e hones ent
Pod Otero wots evtic ott er «Eton ga ewe | the cen
iin bad eration ott , ert II . Sheet eee eee
nem :) wit ‘a toiat® efor om Os Sine 08° bed ten’ 7408
04 grow exch eel? ol ewrel? een on , fon1079 eee 1 She 0
WY fleiv yiiceve of! bw. eblatstnta tea? er nl de 267
Sno» % f ot? .¥rlevor e aew . ona Yo er evi? fp Unie
Jo foegeut; mit ire en mo ,atiriox® ofinp Baw noliastey
8 „1 07 ¥@ tern vA ue eum e „Fraun drt aw
10 bre ab t, ot? om ee ret of Nöte Me, erte
eien elite we nt „% „ rt Ale mete betioxe let ee eee
1 qo Wiledus anw eee © em been een een
Spent t ae et „ oF beneteli qearaty pen wevde at?
ew =, aXfo) „% ef (oF boli e trie en ten
lob antcom , seliian wol int yi beltil sice? oft Brute paves
50 0 ne u 10 on di e , ent yLoval 6 bid fle ott 600 0

6 10
n, nl et et eow Omar mabiam e' boo® tert eee e
Sens To ta eee I ts ,einewe yo yd bie? mateo evmi I
Paeteminrew bmp tefi Miboad ya tel en aif tvocA ene

. eil of d ene e e ee of eee wt wet off ede

vl 1 ee =

3

their vives vary well. They rad four sons: Tovas,

ih, Suel, and Warren. I know but little about them.
*
F | rther, I ses no inaseuracy. It is quite surprising to *

# san have been rocalled.

f
{

Yrs. Yarthe Nichols.

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1

Fine

ni Jie N q i 7 ; ’
Ne. boo four ele bon „ et of NM

3 nta seer dere N „ gm toe et
„„ . tance WUT Lei aer slew ey tieky simi
mei? , alert gud wont I eee Day tet

9

* * Anne at 3 -Youw'sient on aoa f , 30

: bros Sod einebdont (nan oa this gn of sy eal ¢ 1
ee
N -beflear med. t

9 E Dr

oe 7 4% 1%

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*

N ul
.

K PUBLIC LIBRARY
RTMENT

THE NEW YOR
REFERENCE DBPA

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