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VOL. 22No. 27 “2%, luly 7, 1972
Cay
oe
Cooperative
EConomic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a Service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
ANAS Idelcorets) (Cin
Economic Insect Survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 July 7, 1972 Number 27
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
GREENBUG economic on grain sorghum in southeast South Dakota;
heavy in east-central and southeast Nebraska and northeast and
east-central Kansas. Winged forms building up in Kansas. Heavy
on small grains in north-central Texas with some stand loss in
some fields. (pp. 421-422).
SORGHUM MIDGE heavy on grain sorghum in central Texas. (p. 423).
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE damaged soybeans in Delaware and Maryland;
heavy in isolated areas of Indiana. (p. 424). SUGARBEET ROOT
MAGGOT heavy in sugar beets in northwest Wyoming. COLORADO POTATO
BEETLE egg laying heavy on Eastern Shore of Virginia; pest could
become damaging to potatoes and tomatoes. (p. 426).
Several NUT PESTS damaged pecans and walnuts in Oklahoma. JACK
PINE SAWFLY outbreak continues in northern Michigan. (p. 427).
& Confirmed SCREWWORM cases in Southwest heaviest for any
single week since start of program in 1962. (p. 428).
Detection
A SUGARCANE WEEVIL reported in Florida is a new United States
record. (p. 431).
MAPLE PETIOLE BORER is new State record for Alabama. (p. 427).
For new county and island records see page 431.
Predictions
SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG may be serious in southwest Alabama.
Goren 423).
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE potentially damaging to potatoes and
tomatoes on Eastern Shore of Virginia. (p. 426).
Reports in this issue are for week ending June 30 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 419 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance.......... ecneeereene vee 421
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...422 Miscellaneous Field Crops...426
Forage Legumes..........- ..423 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.426
SoybeansS......-cesereesrccs 424 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...427
(COBUCIMN 5 6000000 ke Romethe tenets .....425 Forest and Shade Trees......427
WHOLSEKOCOaGdsoogocood4oadcG gO .425 Man and Animals....... «scents
Sugar Beet Seer tna |
Beneficial InsectS........-cecccreecereceve ots a ehe ee wee eee ee 429)
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs BE ea one aC oO.0 0100-0 © .- 429)
Hawaii Insect Report...............-- Bore aliens Aa aritenic ove tae oBoretemome 4311
Detection. 2.3, 08 & Sohgpabnst ate encrn i wat: niet, A, ode ct. oe ae eee
Light Trap Collections..—......... AIS ORSHONCROL ONT SORE ONOFO P.O af ogi aeneteats wees 432)
WeEBoere Ose ee WEES56qc0000000000000 SEucar/c ae emenes cits into lo nooo + 434i
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
JULY 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for July is for
temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the eastern
third of the Nation as well as the central Pacific coast.and the
Northwest. Above normal temperatures are indicated for the south
Pacific coast, the central and southern Plateau region and the
central Plains. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in pro-
spect. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal over the Atlantic
Coast States, the Great Basin, and the upper Mississippi Valley.
Subnormal totals are indicated for the southern Plains. In
unspecified areas near normal amounts are expected.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National
Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of
Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
- 420 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MINNESOTA - Ranged
100-300 per 100 sweeps of flax in Southwest and west-central
districts. Aster-yellows disease, trace to 1 percent, appearing
in flax in these districts. Adults and nymphs on alfalfa, small
grain, and grass; highest counts up to 1,400 per 100 sweeps in
southwest district. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY -*Second instars
infested 90 percent of near marketable ears of sweet corn in
southern area field. Unusually early and result of warmer than
average winter; overwintering mortality low. Treatment advised.
Eggs seen on silks in Salem, Gloucester, Camden, Burlington, and
Ocean Counties; treatment advised. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - NEBRASKA - Infested
whorls in 80 percent of all sorghum observed. (Berogan, Roselle)..
KANSAS - Moderate to heavy in sorghum in east-central and north-
east districts; not heavy enough to cause reddening of terminal
leaves. (Bell). MISSOURI - Light to moderate on late-planted
grain sorghum in southwest and west-central areas. Colonies found
in whorls of 5-22 percent of plants. (Munson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged
100-600 per plant in field of grain sorghum in Tillman County
and up to 100 per plant in field of forage sorghum in Jackson
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Increased slightly in most
areas of State, but infestations far below economic level. Rain
and cooler weather favored this pest, especially compared to hot,
extremely\dry weather of past few weeks. (Boyer).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA —- Economic on
seedling grain sorghum from Jerauld County, south to Yankton,
Bon Homme, Charles Mix, Gregory, and Tripp Counties. Counts vary
from trace to 300+ per plant. Populations expected to develop
rapidly in whorls as well as on undersides of leaves. Some fields
will probably be lost unless treatments applied. (Jones, Kantack).
NEBRASKA - Colonies ranged 80-90 per 100 plants on 10-inch milo in
Dodge, Colfax, and Saunders Counties; ranged 0-48 per 100 plants
on smaller milo. Milo 10 inches tall 100 percent infested in
southern Lancaster and northern Gage Counties; most aphids in
whorls, colonies forming on leaves of taller plants with some
damage evident. (Roselle). Averaged 13 per plant on 90 percent
of plants at North Platte, Lincoln County. (Campbell).
KANSAS - S. graminum heavy in east-central district fields as far
west as Lyon and Shawnee Counties and Riley County in northeast
district. Winged forms building up under crowded conditions on
lower leaves of heavily infested older sorghum and flying to other
fields; seem particularly attracted to younger sorghum. Up to 20
reproducing winged females per plant common on young sorghum in
east-central and northeast districts with very few or no wingless
reproducers. Treatment underway in all eastern districts, and
expect to be increased next 7 days. Heavy rains and parasitic
wasps significantly lowered populations in sorghum in southern
Labette County; pest increased in fields in northern part of
county. Parasitic wasps generally light in infested sorghum in
east-central and northeast districts. Lady beetles occasionally
found in numbers high enough to check buildup, but probably will
not be able to keep greenbugs below economic numbers in most
cases. (Bell).
- 421 -
COLORADO - Schizaphis graminum light in sorghum in Otero, Bent,
and Prowers Counties. Populations in Big Bend area of Bent County
ranged 20-30 per plant with some leaf damage. (Schweissing). |
OKLAHOMA - Ranged 300-600 per plant (6-9 leaves infested) in field
of irrigated grain sorghum in Tillman County. Two fields of
dryland forage sorghum very lightly infested. (Okla. Coop. sux)
TEXAS - Infestations very spotted in Collin County; some fields.
being treated. Light in Coyanosa area of Pecos County; fields of
forage sorghum in boot stage with 2-5 small colonies per leaf on
lower 6 leaves; each colony ranged 10-40 greenbugs. Light to
moderate on grain sorghum in Wichita, Wilbarger, and Knox Counties.
Heavy infestations on small grains causing some stand loss in
spotted areas in some fields. (Turney et al.). ARKANSAS - Found
on sorghum in all counties surveyed this period. New county records:
include Arkansas, Lonoke, Conway, Pope, and Yell Counties. Counts
lower in Hempstead and Lafayette Counties than last period. Lady
beetles and other predators apparently have reduced S. graminum
population. (Boyer). F
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MISSOURI - Moderate to heavy,
ranged 8-30 per sweep, in southern area alfalfa. (Munson).
INDIANA - Adults and nymphs range 0-25 per sweep in second-
growth alfalfa in southern districts. Few adults and nymphs
seen in soybeans in southern districts. (Meyer).
POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Counts ranged
0-3 per 100 sweeps in tomato fields of Otero County. (Schweissing) .|
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Up to 100
per sweep on 1,400 acres of seed alfalfa taken at Dixie Valley,
Pershing County. Honeydew heavy on 320 acres. (Stitt).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Eggs
increasing on corn in Clay, Yankton, Bon Homme, and Charles Mix
Counties. Counts of 2-25 egg masses per 40 plants in Clay County,
3-62 per plant in Yankton County, and 12-43 egg masses per 40
plants in Bon Homme County. Egg hatch just begun. (Jones, Kantack).
NEBRASKA - Corn 24 inches tall 0-80 percent infested in Hall,
Hamilton, Clay, and Adams Counties; smaller corn 5-10 percent
infested. (Keith et al.). Infested 36-88 percent of 40-inch or
taller plants in Dodge, Colfax, and Saunders Counties; 0-36
percent under 40 inches tall. (Berogan). Infested less than 20
percent of fields examined in Lancaster County; less than one egg
mass per 200 plants. (Roselle). Damage very light in McCook area
of Red Willow County and North Platte area of Lincoln County.
(Campbell).
MINNESOTA - O. nubilalis oviposition may be extended. Night
temperatures past 7 days ranged in fifties. Overwintering larvae
still present in southwestern district. Development: Larvae 4 iY
percent, pupae 42 percent, emerged 54 percent. Most emerged in J
southeast, central, and south-central districts. Egg masses per
100 plants light, averaged 4 or less, in southwest, south-central,
west-central, and central districts. Percent infested plants F
generally low in all districts, except for sweet corn field in
Scott County with 70-80 percent and few fields in Carver and
Hennepin Counties with 60-80 percent. Heavy, driving rain, although
localized, caused some severe mortality of first-instar borers.
(Minn. Pest Rpt.).
- 422 -
ILLINOIS - Egg laying and larval survival light in field corn in
inorthern area due to unfavorable weather. Egg masses averaged 2
‘per 100 plants with 3 percent of plants showing whorl feeding.
(111. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - First-generation O. nubilalis adult
activity still heavy for time of year. Eggs being deposited at
(higher rate than normal and over longer period. Pepper, snap bean,
jand sweet corn growers Should be on lookout for egg masses.
\(Sauer), KENTUCKY - Larvae in leaf midribs in northern areas, in
‘whorls or stalks in southern and western areas. (Barnett).
‘MARYLAND - Larvae light to moderate in most corn in Talbot,
‘Dorchester, Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester Counties. Egg laying
expected to continue. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae in
‘untreated, early planted field corn in one area of Sussex County
fentering stalks. Adult flight in area at end. (Kelsey, Boys).
|\CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Moderate
to heavy on boot-stage sorghum in Labette County, no serious
|damage caused; light infestation (3 per plant) on 12-inch sorghum
in Wabaunsee County. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in grain sorghum in
|\Tillman County, moderate in Jackson and Kiowa Counties. (Okla.
‘Coop. Sur.).
| SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Overwinter-
jing adults of this species and Euschistus servus (brown stink bug)
|heavy in southwest area. Heavy populations developed in small
grain and other hosts in several southwest counties; moved to corn
and other hosts as corn matured and harvested. Controls applied to
inumerous scattered fields of pretassel corn in Baldwin County;
noted in many Escambia County fields. Expected to be serious in
ions ears, soybeans, peas, and okra. (John et al.).
CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghum
in Gillespie, Travis, and other counties in south-central area.
Grain sorghum in milk or dough stage may be damaged by popula-
tions averaging 2 or more per head, controls applied. (Green).
1GRASSHOPPERS - MISSOURI - Melanoplus spp. damaged marginal rows
lof corn and grain sorghum in southern areas. Counts in fence and
|marginal rows ranged 3-21 per square yard. (Munson).
| SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Heavy on late
grain sorghum in Brazos and Burleson Counties in central area.
\Ranged up to 20 midges per head in some fields. Increased in
lgrain sorghum throughout north-central area; 40 midges seen in
10 heads examined in Collins County. (Green, Turney).
in El Paso County. (Neeb). COLORADO - Populations on corn did not
}increase in Otero, Bent, and Prowers Counties due to cool, rainy
iweather. (Schweissing).
per 25 sweeps taken at experiment station in Twin Falls County.
Adults in nearby alfalfa field ranged 10-21 and larvae 492-698
per 25 sweeps. (Carpenter). WYOMING - Heavy damage in several
fields in Sheridan and Park Counties June 22. Larvae ranged 230-304
per sweep in extreme cases. Up to 20-30 percent in coccoons in
some alfalfa in Washakie, Hot Springs, and Park Counties June 21.
(Burkhardt, Pike). Currently, damage continues in alfalfa in Park
- 423 -
|
|
and Washakie Counties. Much acreage treated. Regrowth in much
acreage cut being retarded. Larval counts generally less than
1,000 per 5 sweeps. (Burkhardt). SOUTH DAKOTA - Single adult
taken in 1,600 sweeps in alfalfa north at Wakonda in northwest
Clay County June 23 by S. Gylling and R. Fransen. Determined by
P.A. Jones and B.H. Kantack. This is a new county record and first
record for eastern part of State. (Jones, Kantack). NEBRASKA -
Hypera postica decreased on alfalfa in southeast area. Larvae 4
and adults 6 in 2,000 sweeps in 20 fields. Adults ranged 70-80
per 20 sweeps in soit bank land in Dawson County. (Manglitz,
Stevens), KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 26 per square foot on alfalfa
regrowth after first cutting removed and alfalfa reached prebud
stage in Fayette County. Larvae light in Pendleton, Harrison, and ©
Campbell Counties, less than 50 per 100 sweeps. (Barnett, Parr). |
|
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - IDAHO - Counts of 916 per 25 |
sweeps of alfalfa taken at experiment station in Twin Falls County.
In adjacent field, counts of 771 and 718 per 25 sweeps taken. |
(Carpenter). UTAH - Ranged 50-200 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa at A
Centerville, 200-600 per 10 sweeps in field at Kaysville, Davis {
County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Heavy, 10,000-50,000 per 100 sweeps,
in alfalfa in Crowley and Olney Springs area, Growler County.
Some plant stunting noted. (Schweissing). ILLINOIS - Ranged 10-50
per sweep in second-growth alfalfa in Whiteside and Carroll
Counties. Predators at very low levels in these counties. (Ill.
Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Ranged 0-20 per sweep in southern district
alfalfa. (Meyer). OHIO - Averaged 25 per sweep in 6-inch alfalfa
in Fairfield County. (Fox). KENTUCKY - Averaged 2,250 per 100
sweeps in alfalfa in Pendleton County, 3,000 per 100 sweeps in |
Owen County. (Barnett).
GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS - Ranged 1-10 per sweep (averaged 5) in
second-growth alfalfa in Whiteside and Carroll Counties. Averaged
3 per sweep in mowed roadside grass in this area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).
KENTUCKY - Averaged 200 per 100 Sweeps in alfalfa in Harrison
County, 600 per 100 sweeps in Pendleton County. (Barnett).
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT - Damage
apparent in most alfalfa in State; averaged about 10 percent with ©
few fields showing 25 percent damage. (MacCollom). NEW JERSEY - al
Moderate to heavy on second-cutting alfalfa near Juliustown, 4
Burlington County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). |
SOYBEANS |
|
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - Adults |
heavy and damaging soybeans in Sussex County. (Kelsey, Boys). |
MARYLAND - Adult activity still above normal. Adults averaged 1
per row foot in most fields in Wicomico, Dorchester, Worcester, |
and Somerset Counties; damage evident in young soybeans. Spraying ©
with ground equipment impossible due to excessive rains past 2 i
weeks. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). INDIANA - Heavy in isolated areas.
Few eggs or adults seen in southern district areas. Soybeans
ranged from two-trifoliate stage to 5 percent with blossoms. |
(Meyer). |
THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - —
Excessive girdling and damage by nymphs earlier in season caused |
heavy lodging of 18 to 24-inch soybeans in 50-acre field in Bul lock
County following recent rains and winds. (Stone, Henderson).
- 424 -
COTTON
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls
Counties, eggs averaged 3.6 (maximum 22) and larvae 0.5 (maximum
4) per 100 terminals in 47 treated fields; in 8 untreated fields,
eggs averaged 4.6 (maximum 9) and larvae 0.2 (maximum 16.2) per-
cent in 45 treated fields and 1.2 (maximum 3) percent in 7
untreated fields. Injured bolls averaged 0.9 (maximum 4) percent
in 16 treated fields and 0.2 (maximum 0.2) percent in 2 untreated
fields. Moth-catch increase heavy in light trap. Of 87 larvae
collected on cotton, 43 determined H. virescens. (Cowan et al.).
MISSISSIPPI - Few third instars present in cotton in delta and
hill counties. Beneficial species keeping these under control.
(Robinson). ALABAMA - Egg counts ranged 1-36 per 100 terminals
in 20 counties surveyed. Predators and parasites keeping larval
counts low (0-5 per 100 terminals) in most fields. Isolated
problems developed in Butler and Dallas Counties. (Boutwell et
al.). TENNESSEE - Eggs and larvae ranged 0-4 per 100 terminals
in cotton surveyed in western area. (Locke).
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - First "hatchout"
occurred in early fruiting cotton over southern area. Moisture
conditions favorable for larval and pupal survival over State.
Controls general in southern counties, especially Conecuh,
Escambia, and Dallas Counties. "Hatchout" will occur in earlier
fruiting cotton in central area from June 30 through July 5.
Percent of punctured squares expected to range 15-45. First-
generation emergence expected to be heavy. Controls expected to
begin in area next period. Damaged squares light, ranged 1-15
percent in northern area. (McQueen et al.). MISSISSIPPI -
Punctured squares averaged 7 percent throughout State; up to 22
percent in Noxubee County in cotton near brush bordering fields.
On 3,000 acres checked, most counts ranged 10-15 percent in
centers of such fields and those not bordered by brush averaged
3 percent. About 1 of 4 of these punctures from egg laying,
remainder feeding signs. (Robinson).
TEXAS - In McLennan and Falls Counties, A. grandis punctured
squares averaged 3.1 (maximum 26.8) percent in 45 treated fields,
4.2 (maximum 10.5) percent in 7 untreated fields. (Cowan et al.).
OKLAHOMA - Punctured squares averaged 3 percent in Bryan and
Muskogee Counties; reported in Caddo, Washita, Greer, Harmon,
and Jackson Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - OKLAHOMA -
Ranged up to 200 per 100 sweeps in Caddo and Washita Counties,
averaged 45 per 100 sweeps in Bryan County. Light to heavy in
Harmon, Greer, and Jackson Counties. Heavy in Tillman and Grady
Counties, moderate in Custer County, light in Wagoner and Muskogee
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Increased slightly in
northwest area, reproduction underway. (Kimbrough). Increased
slightly in southeast area. Few fields with 15 or more per 100
terminals and those not fruiting properly were treated. (Wall).
- TOBACCO
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Populations
light, 2-3 per plant, throughout St. Marys, Charles, Calvert, and
Prince Georges Counties in fields with tobacco 8-13 inches high.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KENTUCKY - Damage less than 2 percent to
tobacco in Harrison, Scott, Owen, Pendleton, Christian, and Boone
Counties. (Barnett).
- 425 -
TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - KENTUCKY - Damage economic with
controls applied in Christian County. (Barnett).
SUGAR BEETS
SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - WYOMING - Fly
counts very heavy, over 500 per trap per day, around Heart
Mountain, Park County, June 20. Fly populations seem to have |
peaked and probably on decline. (Burkhardt, Murray). Dead sugar-
beet plants and larvae evident in-numerous fields in Washakie,
Big Horn, and Park Counties. (Burkhardt, Green). None found in
fields in eastern counties. (Burkhardt). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae in —
untreated fields ranged 2-150 per plant in Walsh and Pembina
Counties. Larvae up to 60 per plant in treated fields. Counts
lowest in some treated fields; few pupae and adults found. (Kaatz). ~
BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - COLORADO - Young larvae
ranged 0-30 per 100 sweeps in numerous fields in Otero and Prowers
Counties. (Schweissing).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
SUNFLOWER BEETLE (Zygogramma exclamationis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults”
ranged 3-5 per 10 plants in most Sunflower fields in Walsh and |
Pembina Counties. Larvae ranged up to 12 (average 3) per plant.
Controls applied. (Kaatz).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS |
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - VIRGINIA -
Beetles emerged from soil and feeding in Accomack and Northampton
Counties. Egg laying usually at minimum this time of year due to
high temperatures, but recent relatively low temperatures
resulted in large number of eggs deposited. Beetles seem 7-10
days behind in development compared to normal years; as result,
they can still cause much damage to potatoes. Much injury could
occur to tomatoes as beetles move from nearby potato fields after
harvest. (Hofmaster).
- 426 -
ECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
increased. Adults dominate. Slight leaf bronzing found in some
yrchards ; many orchards will soon require treatment. (Sauer).
(ERMONT - Still problem on apples, with bronzing apparent on Red
lelicious. (MacCollom). MAINE - Populations in commercial orchards
ariable. In 6 blocks examined, motile forms ranged 1.6-3.3 per
leaf and eggs 0.1-6.0 per leaf. (Wave).
‘UROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MICHIGAN - Populations
EAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - Building up in pear
»rchards in Hood River, Hood River County. (Zwick).
"ECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - First
teneration damaged 76 percent of clusters in untreated pecan
rchard in Okfuskee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Second-
‘eneration oviposition expected soon in north-central area. Light
lamage in Wichita, Clay, and Wilbarger Counties in Rolling Plains.
‘Turney, Boring).
‘ALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on pecan and
yalnut trees in Haskell, Okmulgee, Okfuskee, Caddo, and Washita
founties. Moderate in Wagoner County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.)
/ALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on
necan and walnut trees in scattered areas of Delaware, Okfuskee,
foal, and Pontotoc Counties. Light in Caddo and Washita Counties.
Okla. Coop. Sur.).
|
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
}PRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MINNESOTA - Feeding
bout completed on balsam fir and white spruce in northern area.
his is fourth or fifth Successive year of moderate to heavy
lefoliation in Koochiching, St. Louis, and Lake Counties; mortality
REEBRSEEs (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
"ACK PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti banksianae) - MICHIGAN -
jutbreak of past years in Luce County continuing again this year.
amage extensive throughout jack pine stands in area. (Johnson).
‘ELLOWHEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY (Pikonema alaskensis) - MINNESOTA -
jecond through fifth instars caused severe problem in white
spruce plantations. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
‘RUITTREE LEAFROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
lontinued causing heavy damage to mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus
p.) in Black Hills in western Custer County. Larvae 2-3 per 6
Inches of twig in areas surveyed. Pupation begun. (Jones, Kantack).
IAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) - ALABAMA - Larvae
-ollected from 30-foot maple May 10, 1972, by F. M. Patterson at
1ome in Athens, Limestone County. Determined by D. R. Smith. This
.S a new State record. (McQueen).
\SIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MISSOURI - Adults
saken from oak at Marshall, Saline County, by S. E. Thewke June 18.
‘his iS a new county record. (Munson).
- 427 -
.
.
|
|
|
|
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,946 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period June 18-24,
This is largest number of laboratory confirmed cases to occur
during any single week since start of program in 1962. Number of |
cases by State as follows: Texas 3,879; New Mexico 8; Arizona ,
52; Oklahoma 7. Total of 731 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of'
sterile flies released in U.S. totaled 190,570,000 as follows:
Texas 167,860,000; New Mexico 3,260,000; Arizona 12,950,000;
California 600,000; Oklahoma 400,009; Louisiana 4,550,000;
Arkansas 950,000. Total of 5,480,000 sterile flies released in
Mexico. (Anim. Health).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 12-213 per
pastured animal June 14 and 0-285 per head June 20 in Lincoln |
County. (Campbell). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 750-900 per head on cattle
in Payne County. Moderate to heavy in Pawnee, Osage, Kay, qf
Delaware, Cotton, Jefferson, and Pontotoc Counties. Light in
Haskell County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy in Knox,
Wichita, Baylor, and Childress Counties. Controls applied. Mod- |
erate to heavy in Foard, Hardeman, and Young Counties in Rolling |!
Plains; light infestations also occur throughout area. Heavy on |
cattle and sheep in Crockett County in Trans-Pecos area. Light,
ranged 50-200, on cattle on isolated ranches in Winkler County.
(Turney et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Up to 350 per animal in Montgomeryy
and Noxubee Counties and up to 450 in Oktibbeha and Monroe Coun-_
ties. (Robinson). OHIO - Noted on livestock throughout southeast
area. Highest counts per head, 80+ on Hereford and Guernsey |
cattle in Perry County and 14-60+ per head on Hereford cattle in |
Washington County. (Fox). VERMONT - Averaged 100 per cow in most
of State. (MacCollom).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VIRGINIA - Averaged 13 adults per
cow on small untreated herd in Montgomery County; averaged 15 per)
head on Angus cattle in Appomattox County herd. (Roberts). OHIO -
Annoying cattle in southeast area. Counts per head by county: |
Perry 5-15, Athens 7-12, Washington 4-30, Ross 40+, Jackson 31-58)
Tearing and streaking noted in Washington, Ross, and Jackson
Counties. (Fox). MISSISSIPPI - Up to 30-35 per face on cattle in
Monroe County. (Combs). UTAH - Ranged 10-25 per face on horses ati
Brigham City, Box Elder County; annoying horses and cattle at |
Syracuse, Davis County, and in Ogden and Slaterville area of Webe:!
County. (Knowlton).
BLACK HORSE FLY (Tabanus atratus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle ini
favorable areas in Kay County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
A BLACK FLY (Simulium venustum) - MAINE - Less abundant than 14 |
days ago. Still problem at Jackman and several locations in
northern and eastern areas. (Gall).
MOSQUITOES - MAINE - Aedes spp. unusually abundant in many areas...
Recent rains caused additional hatch of Aedes vexans and Aedes ~
diantaeus in several locations, Situation unusual. (Ball).
ILLINOIS - Culex pipiens pipiens (northern house mosquito) larvae;
averaged 1,000 per 4-ounce dip in several swine waste lagoons.
(Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Moderate increase in light traps ini
Metropolitan Mosquito Control District June 17-23. Aedes vexans
- 428 -
accounted for 61 percent and Coquillettidia perturbans 30 percent.
Spring Aedes heavily outnumbered A. vexans. gira Pest Rpt.).
WYOMING - Serious problem around Worland, Washakie County, and
aramie, Albany County, June 22. Aerial spraying underway at
Worland. (Burkhardt).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Mainly Hippodamia convergens, ranged
6-15 per 100 sweeps in cotton in Wagoner, Muskogee, Bryan, Caddo,
Washita, Jackson, Greer, and Harmon Counties. Ranged 3-6 per
jplant in aphid-infested sorghum in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ILLINOIS - Unspecified species very light in field corn
and alfalfa in northern area. Averaged less than 1 per 100 plants
jin corn and less than 1 per 5 sweeps of second-growth alfalfa.
(a1. Ins. Rpt.).
BRACONID (Microctonus aethiops) - NEW YORK - This parasite of
EF cera postica (alfalfa weevil) adults recovered in Livingston
and Cattaraugus Counties. These are new county records. Indicates
this braconid is dispersing. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 26).
A PUNCTUREVINE SEEJ) WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii) - OKLAHOMA -
Reared from puncturevine seed in Tillman and Harmon Counties.
These are new county records. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
|FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
(CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae
heavy (20 per square yard), caused 35 percent damage to oats in
‘Franklin Township of Butler County. Larvae heavy on oats in
Butler, Beaver, Lawrence, and Mercer Counties. (Lilley).
(OHIO - Larvae heavy, caused severe damage to oats in several
Washington County fields which appeared "frosted", and to oats in
Fairfield County. In latter county, one or more leaves on most
‘olants dead, Adults averaged 1 per 20 plants in corn in Pickaway
County; ranged 1-9 per plant in Washington County. (Fox).
KENTUCKY - Averaged 5 per 190 sweeps in timothy and other grasses
in Campbell County. (Barnett).
GRASSHOPPERS - WASHINGTON - Economic, especially Melanoplus
‘Sanguinipes, on estimated 10,000 acres along Snake River Canyon
drainage between Steptoe Canyon to Wawawai in Whitman County.
Infestations in several eastern counties this season heaviest in
recent years. (Nonini, Jackson). OREGON - Rangeland species,
mainly M. sanguinipes, Camnula pellucida, and Oedaleonutus enigma,
‘economic on 140,000 acres east and south of Pilot Rock, Umatilla
‘County. Spraying begun June 30. (Penrose). NEVADA - Treatment
‘applied to 6,000 acres of Federal rangeland and 640 acres of
private cropland for control of M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus
‘in Kings River Valley, Humboldt County. (Martinelli et al.).
IDAHO -- Nymphs, mainly M. sanguinipes, moved on to Lewsiton Grade
in Nez Perce County. Nymphs averaged 15 per square yard in fence
_row between cheatgrass range and barley field on top of Potlatch
‘River breaks near Juliaetta, Latah County. (Futter, Portman).
eONTANA - M. bivittatus and M. sanguinipes ranged 12-15 per square
‘yard on 10,000 acres in Sanders County at Flathead Indian
|Reservation. (Pratt). M. bivittatus, M. sanguinipes, C. pellucida,
and Aulocara elliotti averaged 5 per square yard on about 20,000
acres in Dryhead area in Big Horn County. (Knoop).
- 429 -
NORTH DAKOTA - Some scattered infestations (mainly Melanoplus
bivittatus, M. sanguinipes, and M. differentialis) in “Burleigh,
Morton, and Grant Counties. Ranged up to 27 per Square yard in
field margins and up to 29 per square yard in alfalfa fields.
First through third instars present. (Grasser).
MINNESOTA - Roadsides sprayed, some twice, in Several Kittson
County townships. Most grasshopper problems along roadsides in
Red River Valley and not in fields. Infestations scattered and
too light to justify treatment. Counts of 27 per square yard |
taken in one uncut alfalfa field in Waseca County. (Minn. Pest |
Rpt.). KANSAS - Nymphs and adults heavy, 9-21 per square yard, on :
rangeland in southern Meade and southeast Seward Counties.
Primary species include Agenotettix deorum, Aulocara elliotti,
Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, and Dissosteira longipennis. (Bell).
OKLAHOMA - Cooperative control program completed on 44,600 acres ob
of rangeland in Kiowa County. Surveys during June snore about
300,000 acres of rangeland in Beaver, Ellis, Harper, Woodward, |
|
|
|
NN a I
Woods, Dewey, and Roger Mills Counties economically infested. |
12. quadrimaculatum, A. deorum, Drepanopterna femoratun, |
Hesperotettix Speciosus, |, Amphitornus coloradus, “Aulocara elliottigg
and Metator pardalinus dominant. Grasshoppers ranged 25-30 per
square yard in alfalfa checked in Lindsay area of Garvin County. —
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Grasshoppers ranged 8-15 per square
yard in isolated alfalfa fields in Bastrop area of Ward County. '
(Neeb). Medium in wide bands in pastures in localized areas of
Concho County. (Boyd). |
|
}
1
7
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae on various
hardwoods pupating at base of Blue Mountain near Shartlesville.
Larvae very numerous; 100 percent defoliation. (Simons).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MARYLAND - Adults feeding on
weeds and wild grape along U.S. Highway 13 in Worcester and |
Somerset Counties. Populations light statewide. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). VIRGINIA - First of season reported June 19, feeding on 1
crepemyrtle in Independent City of Chesapeake. (Szarzynski).
Adults feeding on grapevines and roses in Fluvanna County June
25. Beetles about one week late this year, (Allen). TENNESSEE - |
Adults seen in Sevier County June 24, (Hammett). OHIO - Larvae
ranged 24-36 per square foot of sod in Ashtabula County June 23.
Observed feeding on roots of garden plants in same vicinity
(Custer). First adult emergence of season noted June 27 in Gallia
County turf. Adults seen on hardwoods, evergreens, various flowers,
and corn in Meigs, Athens, and Washington Counties June 27 and 28,
(Fox).
SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - TENNESSEE - Severe
damage symptoms appearing in Dyer and Lake Counties. (Stafford).
— 430) —
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Seneral Vegetables - Nymphs and adults of a PLANT BUG (Cyrtopeltis
. ight in 0.1 acre of mature cherry tomato plants at
Waianae, Oahu. (Kawamura).
|
Fruits and Nuts — A SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY (Papilio xuthus) adult
taken from lime tree at Poipu, Kauai, for new island record.
[richogramma sp. (a minute egg parasite) parasitized 36 of 37 eggs
zollected from young citrus terminals at Barbers Point, Oahu.
(Sugawa, Kawamura). BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) light
and spotty on young terminals causing Slight leaf distortion in
160 acres of passionfruit at Kahului, Maui. No control applied in
over 1 year. (Kawamura). COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor )
light on 170 coconut trees from Niu Valley through Koko Head,
Oahu; Coelophora inaequalis and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (lady
beetles) Light to moderate on some infested pinnae. Pupae of
COCONUT LEAFROLLER (Hedylepta blackburni) and hymenopterous
"
parasites light in same host situation. (Otsuka et al.).
|
Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae and damage of a NOCTUID MOTH
(Melipotis indomita) light to heavy to 100+ roadside monkeypod
trees at Lahaina, Maui. Larvae heavy under loose bark and debris
at the base of 5 kiawe trees at Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu,
(Miyahira et al.).
Beneficial Insects - LANTANA HISPID (Uroplata girardi) larvae and
adults moderate on 10+ acres of lantana at Kalaupapa, Molokai.
Nymphs and adults of LANTANA LACE BUG (Teleonemia scrupulosa)
heavy on young lantana foliage in 500+ acres of Ulupalakua, Maui.
All stages of a TINGID BUG (Leptobyrsa decora) moderate on 20-30
ipercent of scattered roadside lantana leaves at Ulupalakua.
(Miyahira).
DETECTION
New United states Record - A SUGARCANE WEEVIL (Nicentrus saccha-
‘rinus) -— FLORIDA - Adult collected on puncturevine at Miami
International Airport, Dade County, by C. E. Stegmaier April 15.
Determined by R.E. Warner. This is a new United States record.
'Second specimen taken at same location June 22 by R.E. Woodruff,
B.K. Dozier, and G. Johnson. Determined by R.E. Woodruff. Larvae
|have been reported to kill young sugarcane shoots in Panama.
Surveys are underway to determine extent of infestation in Miami
area. (Woodruff).
‘New State Record - MAPLE PETIOLE BORER (Caulocampus acericaulis) -
ALABAMA - Limestone County. (p. 427).
(New County and Island Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica)
| OUTH DAKOTA - Clay (p. 424). ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus
-castaneus) MISSOURI - Saline (p. 427). A BRACONID (Microctonus
aethiops) NEW YORK - Livingston, Cattaraugus (p. 429). GREENBUG
_(Schizaphus graminum) ARKANSAS - Arkansas, Lonoke, Conway, Pope,
Yell (p. 422). A PUNCTUREVINE SEED WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii)
OKLAHOMA - Tillman, Harmon (p. 429). A SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY
(Papilio xuthus) HAWAII - Kauai (p. 431).
- 431 -
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
FLORIDA
Gainesville 6/23-29
Great Bend 6/14-28
Hiawatha 6/27
Manhattan 6/28, 29
KANSAS
MICHIGAN
Adrian 6/14-20
Fennville 6/11-20
Maybee 6/14-20
Crookston 6/21-27
Fergus Falls 6/21-27
Worthington 6/21-27
MINNESOTA
- 432
MISSISSIPPI
Stoneville 6/23-29
Scottsbluff 6/28
Lincoln 6/29
Plymouth 6/22
NEBRASKA
NEW JERSEY
Mullica Hill 6/22-28
Seabrook 6/22-28
Vineland 6/22-28
Geneva 5/27-6/2, 6/3-
6/10-15, 6/17-23
NEW YORK
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SNOILDI1109 dval LHI
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 3
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by {
Environmental Data Service, NOAA. i
to North Carolina early in the week. Waves formed along portions
of the front. A low developed over southern Missouri and moved to ~
northern Indiana about midweek. A cold front stretched from a low ©
centered over southern Manitoba southward across Minnesota to
Iowa. Thunderstorms rumbled across the South in hot, humid gulf
air. Many of the thunderstorms produced heavy rain, large hail,
and damaging winds. Hail as large as baseballs pounded Oklahoma
City and Tulsa, Oklahoma, and a locality about 30 miles south of
St. Louis, Missouri, Tuesday evening. Winds gusted to 83 m.p.h.
at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, and 80 m.p.h. at Tulsa.
Tornadoes occurred in North Dakota, Missouri, Arkansas, and South ©
Carolina late Tuesday and in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and western
Tennessee early Wednesday. Most of the tornadoes caused only minor >
damage. A quasi stationary front from western New York to the
Texas Panhandle caused dismal rainy weather late in the week. As
the front became active, tornadoes occurred in North Dakota,
Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Arkansas, and Texas. Property damage was
generally light and no deaths nor injuries due to tornadoes were
reported. Much of area west of the Rocky Mountains received no
rain last week.
PRECIPITATION: A quasi stationary front stretched from Oklahoma
{
TEMPERATURE: Hot, humid air flowed northward from the Gulf of {
Mexico early in the week. Dew points were high in sultry air,
mostly in the 60's and 70's. Afternoon temperatures ranged from |
near or above 100 degrees in most of Texas to the high 80's and
90's in the Southwest. Except in thunderstorms, air was calm or .
only light breezes prevailed. Wichita Falls, Texas, registered 110
degrees Tuesday afternoon. The dew point was about 70 degrees.
This condition is extremely uncomfortable for most persons and
dangerous for some. Wednesday was the ninth consecutive day at
Seminole, Texas with afternoon temperatures reaching 100 degrees
or higher. Extremely hot weather, but less humid, occurred in |
Arizona and southern California. Thursday afternoon, the tempera-
ture at Furnace Creek in Death Valley, California, reached 124 |
degrees. This is 10 degrees cooler than the all time record for |
California, 134 degrees recorded at Greenland Ranch, California, |
July 10, 1913. So much for the South. The Northern States were |
far more comfortable. Maximums early in the week in the North |
ranged from the 60's in the Rocky Mountains to the 70's and 80's
across the Great Plains and Great Lakes region to the 60's in New
England. By midweek, the Great Plains warmed to the 90's--94
degrees at Jamestown, North Dakota; Pierre, South Dakota, and
Chadron, Nebraska, on Thursday. A weak, nearly stationary high
over the Northeast caused stagnation problems. Winds were light,
air was stable. Pollutants became trapped in the lower layers of
the atmosphere. This was true on Tuesday over a wide area from
northern Illinois and Indiana to Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and
Kentucky. Conditions improved by the midweek. Cold air moved into
the north-central Great Plains late in the week ending summers
grip over that area. Norfolk, Nebraska, registered 95 degrees
Saturday but only 66 degrees Sunday afternoon. Summer heat
continued in the South.
- 434 -
RENT OF
oY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782
D POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 — AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
0004 SMINLISMIA122 33017 oogl
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIsk=
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST
WASHINGTON GC 26560
VOL. 22 No. 28 933 July 14, 1972
Cay
Ent,
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
Lhe ndrkboms)) | CHER
Economic Insect Survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 July 14, 1972 Number 28
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
‘Current Condtions
GREENBUG unchanged on sorghum in Nebraska; heavy in areas of
Oklahoma and New Mexico. (p. 437).
|
]
POTATO LEAFHOPPER expected to increase on alfalfa in north- central
e457). continues to threaten alfalfa and beans in Michigan.
:
mp. 437).
SPRUCE BUDWORM defoliation of spruce heavy again this year in
northern Michigan. (p. 441).
-SCREWWORM cases continue to increase in Southwest; total of 5,013
‘cases confirmed this period. (pp. 441-442).
Detection
For new county records see page 445.
Special Reports
Collections of Pink Bollworm Moths inva: Lighterrap, L953 to oT et.
(pp. 448-450).
Gypsy Moth Quarantine. Map. Centerfold.
Reports in this issue are for week ending July 7 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 435 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance. .......+-+-+-++-++-eeeees 437
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...437 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .441
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..438 CitrusS..........+.++++--- . A441
Forage Legumes.........--- ..-438 Ornamentals.............+.. 441
Soybeans. ......ss+e22es-+e6 439 Forest and Shade Trees.....441
(COTE 6 Gand db nooo ODO OaD OU ORO 439 Man and Animals........... 441
Potatoes, Tomatoes,
PepperS......-cseseseeeee 440
Beneficial InSecitsic..6 0.2.66 +65 «0 6 ae © 06) © © ©) 1s) 0) © lovoieloleMeeeMeme Rens Mais 443
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs..........-..+-s-+eees 443
Hawaii Insect Report. .... ~~. 2s cece + os 00 «= 0 @ @ ole = neh enone aiaeES 445
De tec taondewaa< eee cleo «chee sgrenied eid eh Sire nied ees eons anes MP SP eo ec 445 -
Light Trap Collections... 2... cee eee ee eee ee eee eee eter renee tenes . 446
Collections of Pink Bollworm Moths in a Light Trap, 1953 :
HOOT Zee. cxcmeeeush sen apie Nyy Has Pas IEA ROR LOLOL OIG oro G00 000 60 6 . 448
Gypsy Moth Quarantine. Map. Centerfold.
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 3
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: On Monday, July 3, a long front stretched from
Maine through the Texas Panhandle to northern Utah. Lows were
centered along the front in eastern Ohio and western Oklahoma,
Thunderstorms developed along the front where cold air battled
with warm air. Thunderstorms also erupted in humid air that lay
over the central and southern Great Plains and the middle and
southern Mississippi River Valley. Heavy local rains also fell
in the northeastern parts of Pennsylvania, New York, New England,
West Virginia, and Maryland. A large Arctic high over mid-America
at midweek brought blue skies to the Northern States and scattered
showers along the leading edge of cool air from Texas to the Ohio
River. Showers also occurred over the Deep South. Showers fell
from Florida to Pennsylvania late in the week and from the
central Great Plains to southern New England over the weekend.
Hail from weekend thunderstorms damaged sugar beets in north-
eastern Colorado. No rain or only widely scattered light sprinkles
fell from the Pacific Ocean to the central Rocky Mountains.
TEMPERATURE: Cold air pushed into the northern Great Plains north
of a front which early in the week stretched from northern New
England through the Texas Panhandle to northern Utah. Early |
morning temperatures north of the front were in the 30's and 40's.
Casper, Wyoming, registered 30 degrees Tuesday morning. Maximums
were in the 60's. These temperatures are 15 to 20 degrees cooler
than normal for early July. Warm, humid air drifted northward south
of the front. Temperatures averaged about 30 degrees warmer than
in the cool air. Summer heat continued in the desert Southwest.
Furnace Creek in Death Valley, California, warmed to 120 degrees
Monday and 121 degrees Wednesday. A large high centered over
Nebraska Wednesday helped to hold afternoon temperatures in the
60's and 70's over much of the East while warming the West.
Weather of the week continued on page 447.
- 436 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused heavy
foliage damage to 25 acres of corn in Tyrrell County. Up to 5
larvae per row foot in spots up to 0.5 acre in size. Mostly fourth
and fifth instars. (Van Duyn).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ILLINOIS - Colonies
developed on field corn in southern area. In Jackson and Perry
Counties, 50 percent of plants with some aphids in tassels; 1 in
50 plants rated medium. (I11. Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - No buildup
noted in tassels of sweet corn since first migrants found. Some
colonies forming within whorls of field corn in southern Sauk
County, however. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEBRASKA - Populations on sorghum
remained stable in most fields. Ranged 30-100 per plant on 100
percent of plants in Seward County field with 1-2 lower leaves
discolored; 20-100 per plant on 90-100 percent of plants in 2
York County fields with no economic damage; 50-400 per plant in
Saline County field with 20 percent of lower leaves lost; 5-50
per plant in Hamilton County with no economic damage. (Keith,
Berogan). ARKANSAS - Taken on sorghum in Craighead County. This
is a new county record. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in sorghum in
Ottawa County; moderate to heavy in Caddo and Washita Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - This pest and Rhopalosiphum maidis
(corn leaf aphid) medium to heavy on grain sorghum in Roosevelt
and Curry Counties. Controls applied. (Mathews, Campbell).
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Nymphs and adults
ranged 10-30 per sweep of alfalfa in Frederick, Carroll, Baltimore
and Howard Counties. Expect increase; yellowing seen in some
fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MICHIGAN - Still threatening in
alfalfa and beans. (Sauer).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Counts in
Dixie Valley ranged 2-60 per sweep on seed alfalfa in Churchill
County and 6-300+ per sweep in Pershing County. Honeydew heavy,
leaf drop occurring in heavier infested fields. (Stitt).
WISCONSIN - Increase apparent in much alfalfa. Highest counts,
15 per sweep, noted in western Dane and in Marquette Counties.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEBRASKA - Moths
decreasing rapidly in blacklight traps over State. Many larvae
boring into stalks. Infestations ranged 16-40 percent in fields
sampled in Seward, York, and Saline Counties. Little or no damage
found in Frontier, Perkins, Keith, and Lincoln Counties.
(Campbell). MISSOURI - Dissections in Mississippi County field
Showed 22 percent of plants infested. Mostly pupae in this field.
(Langille). IOWA - Flight complete in central area. Larval survival
very low due to cool weather. Tall corn in central area with up to
75 percent of plants showing leaf feeding, but dissection revealed
living borers in 10-15 percent of plants. Very few fields will
require control. (Iowa Ins. Sur., June 30). WISCONSIN —- Popula-
‘tions seem generally low in southwest and northeast areas; high-
est counts seen in some sandier areas in central part of State
and near Wisconsin River. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
- 437 -
KENTUCKY - O. nubilalis damaged corn statewide; economic in
Ballard County, controls applied. Percent infestation in central
area by county: Fayette 2.2, Franklin 9.8, Woodford 0.9.
(Barnett). VIRGINIA - Moth collections on Eastern Shore increased ~
abruptly nights of July 1 and 2 with 93 moths taken. Only 5 moths ©
taken preceding week; indicates beginning of emergence of second- —
brood moths. (Hofmaster). MARYLAND - Heavy on corn 18 inches or
higher; ranged 7-10 first and second instars per 10 plants in
Frederick, Carroll, and Baltimore Counties. Egg laying in these
counties expected to remain heavy. Infestations in Talbot, il
Dorchester, Wicomico, and Somerset Counties ranged 40-80 percent.
Pupation 80 percent. Increased egg laying on corn expected to be
heavy within 14 days. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - First u
pupae of first summer generation taken in corn. Adults in black-
light traps averaged less than one per night in Sussex County.
(Burbutis, Kelsey). NEW YORK - Light to moderate in most early
corn in Hudson Valley. Larvae in tassels in most early varieties. ©
Moth catches light; egg masses difficult to find; first-brood
activity declining. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 3).
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moth catches in
selected southern and central area fields continue abnormally
heavy for this time of year. Recommend 4 to 5-day control interval
in sweet corn plantings beginning to silk. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). —
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 8
per head on blooming grain sorghum in Noxubee County. (Robinson).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Larvae infested
Bermuda grass pasture in Camden County. First infestation of
season. (Thomas, Nolan).
BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - WASHINGTON - This
species and §S. cicatristriatus caused damage affecting 20-50
percent of several bluegrass lawns in Prosser, Benton County.
(Klostermeyer).
A WHITEFLY (Aleurocybotus occiduus) - ARIZONA - Necessitated
treatments in few over-irrigated fields of Bermuda grass at Yuma
Valley, Yuma County. Honeydew main problem. (McHenry).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - Larval counts
decreased greatly at Ithaca and in other areas of State. New
adults should increase next 14 days. Bathyplectes stenostigma (an
ichnéumon wasp), a larval parasite released in Ithaca area in
1971, recovered in area this period. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 3).
MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae averaged 27 per 100 sweeps in Berkshire
County. (Miller, June 30). KENTUCKY - Eggs averaged 10.4 and
larvae 10 per square foot in Fayette County field. (Barnett, Parr).
OHIO - Hypera postica adults in northern Wayne County suppressed
new-growth alfalfa in late cut fields. Larvae ranged 75-88 per
50 sweeps in Champaign County, averaged 66 per 50 sweeps in Logan
County. (Fox). WISCONSIN - Threat ended for season. Larval and
adult counts seldom exceed 4 per 10 sweeps in Fox River Valley
area, southwest area, or central sands region. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
- 438 -
NEW MEXICO - Hypera postica medium to heavy on alfalfa in Santa Fe
and Rio Arriba Counties. Larvae ranged 23-53 per 25 sweeps in most
fields. Most leaves damaged. (Patterson, Heninger). UTAH - Still
damaging alfalfa in Box Elder County. (Lindsay).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Ranged from 40-50 per
sweep to 100-200+ per sweep on 4,000 acres of alfalfa hay in
Hualapai Valley, Washoe County. Populations lower in fields where
aphids heavily parasitized. Infestations generally much reduced
over past 2 weeks. (Adams). Ranged 75-100 per sweep in most alfalfa
hay fields in Diamond Valley, Eureka County. (Martinelli).
WISCONSIN - Increased in regrowth alfalfa. Small nymphs predomin-
ate in many fields. Counts variable; 50-70 per sweep not unusual
in many fields in southwest, central, and northeast areas.
Predator incidence low in these fields; aphid counts could
increase next few weeks. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Light,
ranged 5-10 per sweep, in Frederick, Baltimore, Carroll, and
Montgomery Counties. Slightly above 1971 level. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). MASSACHUSETTS - Averaged 736 per 100 sweeps in Berkshire
County. (Miller, June 30).
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT - Damage
on first-cutting alfalfa variable statewide; in some areas leaf
destruction about 20-25 percent. Little evidence of miner
activity on regrowth. (Nielsen et al.). MASSACHUSETTS - Adults
averaged 22 per 100 sweeps in Berkshire County; 17 percent of
alfalfa leaflets showed’ larval mines. (Miller, June 30).
GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Melanoplus femurrubrum increased on
forage crops in many scattered areas over State. First instars
ranged 50-200 per sweep in field in central Iowa County with
damage apparent; averaged 15 per sweep in adjacent fields. Heavy
in fields in southern Dane and eastern Marathon Counties. Most
fields in central sands area with lower counts. Higher popula-
tions not necessarily on sandy ground as in previous years. Due
to sporadic nature of infestations and magnitude of some popula-
tions, growers should check alfalfa regrowth. Dissosteira
carolina and M. confusus adults also appearing; Arphia conspersa
adults most noticeable along roadsides. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Up
to 4 larvae per row foot in some northeastern area fields. About
150 acres observed in Camden County will need treatment if present
Bhat continues; 15 percent defoliation observed in area. (Van
Duyn). :
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Punctured squares
averaged 23 percent in 4 fields in Bryan County. Ranged 1-5 per-
cent in about 10 percent of fields checked in Jackson, Harmon, and
Greer Counties. Very light in Caddo, Washita, Wagoner, and
Muskogee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Percent
punctured squares in some fields by county: Leake, 12 on 200
acres; Neshoba, 10 on 225 acres; Noxubee, 8 on 3,000 acres; Tippah,
18 on 200 acres; Yalobusha, 9 on 100 acres. (Robinson). ALABAMA -
First-generation weevils caused increase in square infestations
in most fields. Damaged squares ranged 10-60 percent. Controls
- 439 -
applied. Field infestations vary due to numbers of overwintered
adults near fields and age of cotton. Percent punctured squares
ranged 1-25. First weevil “hatchout™ will occur July 8-25.
(McQueen). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares by county: Wilcox
0-4, Crisp 0-10, Terrell 0-8, Tift 18 in one field; ranged 0-25
over southern area. First-generation adults emerged and damaged
squares over southern area. (Womack et al.). TENNESSEE - Counts
ranged 0-55 percent punctured squares. First-generation "hatchout"
expected July 12 on early cotton in southern tier of counties.
(Locke, Gordon).
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - H. zea counts below
control level in most fields; however, few fields in Tipton County
at, or above, control levels. (Gordon, Locke). GEORGIA - Egg
laying generally lower than past 2 weeks as of June 30. Larval
feeding very heavy in many southern area fields. (Womack). Current
counts per 100 terminals by county: Wilcox, O-2 eggs, 0-7 larvae;
Crisp, 0-4 eggs, 1-11 larvae. (Hudson, Nix). Egg laying light over
southern area; most larvae large, predominately H. virescens.
(Womack). ALABAMA - Small larvae and eggs of H. zea ranged 1-10
per 100 terminals in all fields throughout State. Most serious
problems in Dallas, Butler, and some southwest counties. (McQueen).
MISSISSIPPI - Percent damaged squares by county: Noxubee 2,
Tippah 5, Leake 10 on 200 acres. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - H. zea
damaged squares ranged 0-4 percent and eggs 1-2 per 100 terminals
in Jackson, Harmon, and Greer Counties. Eggs averaged 1 per 100
terminals in Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged
light to heavy (up to 53 per 100 terminals) in Jackson, Harmon,
and Greer Counties, and 24-60 per 100 terminals in Tillman County.
Still heavy in many fields in Caddo, Washita, and Beckham Counties.
Ranged moderate to heavy in Okmulgee County; heavy in scattered
fields in Bryan County; moderate in Muskogee County. Averaged 20
per 100 sweeps in Wagoner County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - UTAH -
Continued to damage potatoes and tomatoes throughout infested
area of northern part of State. Control general on commercial
plantings. (Knowlton). Outbreak unusually severe in Box Elder
County. (Lindsay).
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Moved into potato
fields in Greeley area, Weld County. This is early migration into
late potatoes. (Marquardt).
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) -— VIRGINIA - Total of 149
moths collected nights of July I and 2, compared to 16 preceding
week. Emergence much heavier than 37 moths collected for same
period in 1971. (Hofmaster).
- 440 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - First-genera-
tion damage averaged 26 percent in untreated pecan orchard in Tulsa
County, 31 percent in 2 orchards in Rogers County. (Okla. Coop.
‘Sur.).
AN ERIOPHYID MITE (Aculus comatus) - OREGON - Heavy on Daviana and
Royal variety filberts at Corvallis, Benton County. (Krantz,
muly 1).
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MICHIGAN - Counts per leaf
increased statewide. Leaf bronzing seen in some orchards. Cool
weather temporarily slowing development. Expect summer generation
overlap soon. (Thompson).
CITRUS
CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Resistance to
previous insecticides increased. Difficult to protect new tender
growth at Yuma County citrus nurseries. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
| ORNAMENTALS
SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - PENNSYLVANIA - All
stages taken on Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) in Camp
Hill, Cumberland County, October 21, 1971,by-D. Stehr and R. Leh-
man. "Determined by E.W. Baker. Adults and nymphs collected on
Cryptomeria japonica at 2 locations in Allentown, Lehigh County,
October 8 and November 4, 1971, by T. Wolf. Determined by E.W.
Baker. These are new host records. (Kim).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MICHIGAN - Adults
emerged; numerous in Marquette County. Larval defoliation severe
again this year. Some tree mortality expected in infested area.
(Johnson).
PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - FLORIDA - Adult taken in
blacklight trap July 5 near pine trees at Gainesville, Alachua
County. This is unusual collection; only few records of this
Species in State, none farther south than Marion County. (Mead).
PINE CHAFER (Anomala oblivia) - TENNESSEE - Taken in Hardin County
for a new county record. Determined by R.D. Gordon. (Bruer).
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - OKLAHOMA - Still heavy on
Siberian elms in most areas. Second-generation egg deposition very
heavy in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Medium to
heavy on Siberian elms at Espanola, Rio Arriba County, and Santa
Cruz, Santa Fe County. Some heavy infestations, up to 20 larvae
per leaf. (Heninger).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 5,013 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period June 25 to
July 1. This is largest number of laboratory confirmed cases to
occur during any Single week since start of program in 1962.
- 441 -
Screwworm cases by State as follows: Texas 4,901; New Mexico 32;
Arizona 74; Oklahoma 6. Total of 1,067 cases confirmed in Mexico.
Number of Sterile flies released this period in U.S. totaled
204,016,000 as follows: Texas 177,648,000; New Mexico 2,910,000;
Arizona 16,538,000; California 600,000; Oklahoma 1,920,000;
Louisiana 2,550,000; Arkansas 1,850,000. Total of 3,062,000
sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300 per head
on cows and 1,000 per head on bulls in Payne County. Heavy in
Pittsburg County, moderate in Garfield, Washington, and Pontotoc
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 500+ on
untreated cattle in Monroe, Clay, Noxubee, and Oktibbeha Counties.
(Robinson). ILLINOIS - Average number per untreated beef animal
by county: Jo Daviess 30.5, Ogle 27.8, Grundy 63.3, Kendall 1.6,
Champaign 48.6, Ford 72.8. (Ill. Ins. Sur.). MARYLAND - Light in
unsprayed herds, ranged 10-20 per head. Counts on sprayed livestock
ranged 0-15 per head. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 3 per head
on untreated dairy cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 40 per animal on cattle of various ages
in Woodford County. (Barnett). MARYLAND - Increased after heavy
rains in June and early July. Ranged 10-40 per head on most un-
Sprayed beef cattle. Statewide increase of annoyaiuce level
expected, especially along Chesapeake Bay shores. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Increased after heavy
rains in June. Counts on unsprayed beef ranged 20-40 per head.
Counts on sprayed dairy stock ranged 5-15 per head. Population at
annoyance level in Frederick, Baltimore, Harford,and Montgomery
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Average number per
untreated beef animal by county: Jo Daviess 7.9, Ogle 4.5,
a
!
Grundy 0.5, Kendall 0.8, Champaign 0.3, Ford 3.7. (Ill. Ins. Sur.).
KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 20 per animal on cattle of various ages
in Woodford County. (Barnett). MISSISSIPPI - Ranged up to 75 per
face on mixed cattle in Monroe County; averaged 30 per face on
400 head. (Robinson). GEORGIA - Populations heaviest ever seen
in northern area of State. (Nolan).
MOSQUITOES - GEORGIA - Heavy throughout southern part of State.
(Nolan). UTAH - Very annoying in Cache County. Severe in most
cultivated areas in Allen Canyon area of Rich County; very
troublesome in Corinne, Locomotive Springs, and Cedar Mountain
areas of Box Elder County. Abundant and annoying in farm areas
around Abraham, Millard County. (Parish, Knowlton). NEVADA -
Aedes nigromaculis adults and larvae heavy at Sparks, Washoe
County. (Ferreto).
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - MISSOURI - Specimens
collected in Andrew and Montgomery Counties. These are new county
records. (Munson).
LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on
cattle in Pittsburg County and in scattered areas of Washington
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
- 442 -
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THE FOLLOWING REGULATED ARTICLES MUST BE MOVED UNDER
CERTIFICATE OR PERMIT YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS INDICATED
1. Trees, shrubs with persistent woody stems, and parts thereof, except seeds,
fruits, and cones.
Trees and shrubs, and parts thereof, are exempt if grown in a greenhouse
throughout the year and so labeled on the outside of each container.*
Boughs, cuttings, and scions with stems no greater than one-half inch in diam-
eter are exempt.*
Parts of trees and shrubs that have been dried, pressed, waxed, lacquered,
varnished, or similarly surface-treated, are exempt.*
iw
Timber and timber products, including but not limited to lumber, planks, poles,
logs, cordwood, and pulpwood.
Lumber is exempt if dressed or sawed four sides with ends clipped and free of
surface bark, or if kiln dried, provided such lumber is shipped direct after
processing and the waybill or other shipping document is marked to show that
the lumber was shipped immediately after processing.*
Manufactured wood products, such as shingles, flooring, furniture, handles, etc.,
are exempt.*
Shavings, sawdust, wood flour, excelsior, and cedar bedding are exempt.*
3. Stone and quarry products.
Stone and quarry products are exempt if processed by grinding or pulverizing.*
4. Mobile homes, recreational vehicles, and associated equipment moving from hazardous
parks or recreational sites.
*Exempt if not exposed to infestation after the prescribed handling.
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
LADY BEETLES - OHIO - All stages of Coleomegilla maculata,
Hippodamia convergens, Coccinella novemnotata, and C. transver-
Bur. ) .
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
|
CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - CALIFORNIA - Citrus and
gardenia in Sacramento, Sacramento County, heavily infested.
Ranged from 10 per leaf to hundreds per leaf. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GRASS BUGS - UTAH - Labops spp., including few L. utahensis,
caused discoloration of giant ryegrass, crested wheatgrass, and
several other grasses in all higher areas of Mount Nebo Loop area
in Utah and Juab Counties. Black species damaged Russian wild
ryegrass in Yost area of Box Elder County. Most found in this
area Irbisia spp., with I. pacifica most common, (Knowlton et al.).
i
GRASSHOPPERS - OREGON - Spraying for control of Melanoplus
Sanguinipes, Camnula pellucida, Oedaleonotus enigma, M. bivittatus,
and M. packardii on 145,000 acres in Pilot Rock area of Umatilla
County completed July 6. Results good. Additional projects sched-
uled to begin July 10 on 125,000 acres in John Day Valley, Grant
County, and 300,000 acres in Baker and Union Counties; July 12
on 123,000 acres in Morrow County, and July 15 on 140,000 acres
in Wallowa County. (Penrose). NEVADA - Total of 10,368 acres
comprised of 4,000 acres of crested wheatgrass and 6,368 acres of
adjacent rangeland treated for M. Sanguinipes and O. enigma in
Doby Summit area, Elko County. (Wilson). Nymphs of M. Sanguinipes
ranged 20-25 per square yard on 300 acres of alfalfa hay in
Hualapai Valley, Washoe County. (Adams). In Diamond Valley, Eureka
County, M. Sanguinipes nymphs and adults ranged 10-12 per- square
yard on 100 acres of alfalfa hay. Adult M. Sanguinipes (95 percent)
and M. bivittatus (5 percent) ranged 15-20 per square yard on
another 260 acres of alfalfa hay in same area. (Martinelli).
M. bivittatus, M. sanguini es, and C. pellucida ranged 25-35 per
Square yard on 50 acres of abandoned clove below Grass Valley,
Pershing County. (Rowe).
NORTH DAKOTA - Mainly M. sanguini es, M. keeleri, and M. confusus
ranged 1-30 (averaged 13) per square yard on 13,000 acres in
horthern part of Sheyenne National Grasslands in Ransom and Rich-
land Counties. Southern parts of grasslands had less than 1 grass-
aopper per square yard. Development ranged from first instar to
adults. (Grasser). OKLAHOMA - M. differentialis and M. bivittatus
ranged 20-40 per square yard in pecan orchard planting of fescue
in Tulsa County; becoming serious on pecan foliage in orchard.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).
- 443 -
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - Defoliation of
white oaks near 100 percent in many areas. Larvae feeding on red
oak, white pine, beech, American chestnut, and shack huckleberry.
(Field, June 30). PENNSYLVANIA - Defoliation 15-70 percent in
area of Berks and Schuykill Counties bounded by Interstate Highway
78 and State Highways 501, 895, and 183. Pupation begun in more
heavily infested areas; no pupae found in areas of light defolia-
tion, many larvae in last instar. (Cameron, June 22). Heavy feed-
ing along Berks and Schuylkill County line and Schuylkill and
Lehigh County line. Forced pupation noted at Hawk Mountain and at
Shartlesville; many very small, apparently starving larvae in
heavily defoliated areas. (Kadow, June 27).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MICHIGAN - First adults of
season taken July 6 on wild grape within quarantine zone in Cal-
houn County. Emergence about 7 days later than in 1971. (Hanna).
OHIO - Several hundred specimens dug out of turf in Wayne County;
more than half were adults; other stages also present. Spot emer-
gence occurred, peak emergence not yet started. (Fox). TENNESSEE -
Adults emerged in several eastern counties. (Hammett). ALABAMA -
Single adult taken in trap June 27 in old infested area in Russell
County in area along U.S. I-85 between State Highways 37 and 169.
(Barwood). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults feeding heavily on weeds
throughout State. One soybean field of 5 surveyed in southern
Coastal Plain with 1 beetle per row foot. On corn seeds in this
area and in Piedmont, little damage noted. (Johnson).
VIRGINIA - (P. japonica) infested strawberries in Montgomery,
Appomattox, Pulaski, Prince Edward, and Fairfax Counties during
late June. Infestation and damage low, but may increase rapidly.
(Allen). WEST VIRGINIA - First adults emerged in Kanawha.County
June 16 (Cole); in Summers County June 20 (Moore). Adults caused
moderate damage to Shade trees, roses, grapes, and vegetables in
Kanawha, Putnam, and Mason Counties by June 29. (Hacker).
MARYLAND - Adults emerged statewide; populations heaviest in
Prince Georges and Montgomery Counties. Adult emergence expected
to continue over next 7-10 days. Populations light but noticeable
by homeowners. Controls applied to ornamental plantings in central
county areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - First adults
of season in Franklin County Seen on roses near Carlisle June 27.
Adults collected on black locust in Harrisburg, Dauphin County,
June 29, and on goldenrod in Montgomery County June 27. (Maxwell
et ali )s
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Larvae in
many fields with blooms southeast of Safford, Graham County. One
field with 60 percent of blooms rosetted. Boll infestations ranged
10-20 percent in some Yuma Valley fields, Yuma County. Few growers
anxious to start spray program although only 2-4 percent infesta-
tions found in most of their fields. (Ariz. Coop. Sur., June 30).
WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - First
adults of season found feeding on astor June 26 at airport in
Rowan County. (Bowers).
WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey
continued in San Diego, San Diego County. Some previously infested
properties negative. Parasite activity increased; 2,321 parasites
collected for release on 35 new properties: 2,245 Cales sp.,
26 Amitus sp., and 50 Eretmocerus sp. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
- 444 -
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Corn —- CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 1.5 acres of sweet
Corn at Pupukea, Oahu; 62 percent of mature ears with one or more
larvae; confined to silks and tips. Negligible in 2 acres at
Waialua; less than one percent infested ears. (Kawamura).
Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
larvae heavy, up to 15 per square foot, in ld-acre Kikuyu grass
pasture at Hana, Maui; damage heavy. Larvae less than 2 per square
foot in other pastures in same area, with light spotty damage.
Adults heavy in pastures at Kipahulu; larvae nil. (Ah Sam).
General Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) light in
1.5 acres of broccoli at Waialua, Oahu; 10-15 percent of leaves
affected on 30 percent of plants. Up to 9 (average 3) larvae per
infested leaf. All stages of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes
vaporariorum) moderate to heavy in 1.5 acres of bittermelon at
Pupukea, Oahu. Eggs and nymphs light on young terminal leaves in
adjacent 0.5 acre of seequa (Luffa acutangula). Larval mines of
LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) moderate on older leaves; adults
trace. All stages of T. vaporariorum trace in one acre of bush
eons at Waialua. Leafminers generally light; moderate on older
ves: (Kawamura).
Fruits and Nuts - BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) nymphs
and adults moderate on young terminals of 4 Citrus plants at
Naipahu, Oahu; Coelophora inaequalis (a lady beetle) moderate,
oreying on aphids. T. aurantii population normally fluctuates with
vegetative flushes of Citrus throughout year; however, several
lady beetles and a parasite appear to keep pest under control.
(Otsuka).
General Pests - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) damage heavy
to foliage of 30 roadside Erythrina trees at Hana, Maui; up to 50
dercent of leaf area on many trees affected. Damage light in 0.5
ncre of peanuts at Keeau, Hawaii; 5-10 percent of leaves with light
lamage. (Ah Sam, Matayoshi).
i
Forest and Shade Trees - KOA BUG (Coleotichus blackburniae) nymphs
and adults light on 12 Acacia confusa trees at Mililani Memorial
ark, Oahu. Sightings of this elusive endemic pest on this host
quite common during past few months. (Kawamura).
DETECTION
New County Records - BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa)
MISSOURI - Andrew, Montgomery (p. 442). GREENBUG (Schizaphis
graminum) ARKANSAS - Craighead (p. 437). PINE CHAFER (Anomala
Oblivia) TENNESSEE - Hardin (p. 441).
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- 447
Collections of Pink Bollworm Moths in a Light Trap, 1953 to 1971,
Waco, Texas
C.B. Cowan, Jr. 1/, C.R. Parencia, Jr. 2/, and R. N. McBride 17
A light trap has been operated by personnel of the Blackland !
Cotton Insects Investigations Laboratory, Waco, Texas, at the
same location from 1953 to 1971. The trap was equipped with a
mercury vapor lamp from 1953 through 1957 and with a blacklight
lamp, thereafter.
i
|
Moth collections of five species of Lepidoptera, during the years
noted have provided much useful information. However, this brief
report is concerned only with the pink bollworm.
Figure 1 shows that more pink bollworm moths were collected in
1971 than in any previous year. The total, 61,897, was almost as.
many as were collected (65,572) in the previous 18 years. The
large number of moths collected in 1971 reflected the heavy
infestation in the cotton crop resulting from late harvest and
stalk destruction in 1970 due to adverse weather conditions
followed by an extremely dry, mild winter.
Figure 2 shows that the largest numbers of moths in 17 of the 19
years were collected in September, indicating that moth movement
increasés greatly as the cotton crop matures and immature fruit
becomes scarce. Peak collections occurred during August in 1954
and in 1963, both drouth years when the crop matured early.
Collections of moths were low each year from April through mid-
July indicating little movement of moths from overwintering larvae)
and of moths during the main fruiting period.
{
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Parencia et al. (J. Econ. Ent. 55(5):692-695, 1962) stated:
"Light trap data gave some indication of pink bollworm survival
in early spring when moths migrated in search of fruiting fields.
Lack of much moth movement between fields during the main fruit-
ing period would make moth collection data valueless in pre-
dicting the degree of infestation buildup during that important
period when control measures may be needed. Collections late in
the season served in part to index the abundance of the pest."
The observations continue to be pertinent for the data accumulated?
in subsequent years.
i Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Waco,
Texas 76710.
2/ Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Beltsville:
Maryland 20705. |
U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
22 (28) :448-450, 1972
- 448 -
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
0004 SMINLISMIA122 33017 0001
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR=- |
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST |
WASHINGTON DC 20560 |
VOL. 22 No.29 g72 July 21, 1972
| | Ent r
Cooperative
CU
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
The Editors, CEIR
Economic Insect Survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 iby 2 oe Number 28
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
GREENBUG increased on sorghum in areas of Texas, Kansas, and
Nebraska. POTATO LEAFHOPPER damaged alfalfa in Maryland and
Missouri, increased in central and northeastern Ohio. Damage
and populations expected to increase rapidly in Maryland with
onset of hot weather. (pp. 453-454).
CORN ROOTWORMS economic on corn statewide in Iowa. (p. 455).
ALFALFA WEEVIL preventing regrowth of alfalfa in Montana; percent
parasitism by an ichneumon wasp high in Wisconsin. PEA APHID
heavy on alfalfa in areas of Utah, North Dakota, Minnesota, and
Wisconsin. (p. 456).
SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE, a newly described species, potential
problem on sunflower in west-central Minnesota. (p. 459).
EUROPEAN RED MITE outbreaks potentially damaging in southern
Ohio apple orchards. (p. 461).
A NOTODONTID MOTH heavy in west-central Lower Michigan. Complete
defoliation expected over much of area infested in 1971. (p. 462).
SCREWWORM decreased in Southwest; total of 3,589 cases reported
this period is 1,424 fewer cases than last period. (p. 463).
GRASSHOPPERS pose severe threat on forage in southwest Wisconsin.
(p. 457). Heavy on rangeland and cropland in Texas, Oklahoma,
New Mexico, and Nevada. Controls completed or underway in other
areas. (p. 465).
First GYPSY MOTH larval infestation reported in Delaware. (p. 465).
& SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE reported for first time in Alabama.
(p. 466).
Detection
New State records include ARMY CUTWORM in Michigan (p. 453), a
_JUNIPER SAWFLY in Delaware (p. 463), a SCYTOTID SPIDER in Kansas
(p. 464), and SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE in Alabama. (p. 466).
For new county records see page 460.
Reports in this issue are for week ending July 14 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 451 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance....... on000006 os oem itos
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....454 Miscellaneous Field Crops.459
SMALL GRATIS > og0000000000000 455 Potatoes, Tomatoes,
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...456 PEPPELS ois. ssncie eee mor oo GI
Forage Legumes....... Stoteneiemere 456 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.461
SOWA oo Sb o occ oGmDCOOnOOS AS? CitPUS is. 2 ccs o c-crececuenemerene ... 461
PORNNTUS 54 5 o5b0cco00 Seatac canta 457 Small Pratee aaeuehenen -. 462
COTO Ns Go 6bo0o0 FDU OD Odo DODDDO 458 Forest and Shade “Trees... .462
MMOISEYCECOD>o 5600000000 SV ORVOIDEO Oso 459 Man and Animals...... 222. 463
DA UAC ELC G 4 646 o DODO OOO OO DUO DIO ODOUD OpOD OOO HOODOO OS Steet 2.460
COrerrG@erlOMSono50050 00000500000 KDDDDDDNODND a. siveciacis Gere iememe ~....460
Bene tic tad eINSeEE US! pase sels crensvere ce ieencie. ce iets oieceloie oldies neli tae me mene ... 464
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs. i ete eters S6.b1I0' clo" © 464
Hawadmes bisects e DOLiceiis ci) chen elencicne sel oncielciencnaleleyvele their enim Mncntene 72 46
Inplerloig Weeyo) (COILILeCiesteMms 4 soon oopdK0N at ej siteyieriens) Siete Ree rE SIS cid! 6-00 .468
Weather of “the Week.o.... 0.4... Dia a shar Sle ececey eo ette le ius memes San aerate . 470
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-JULY TO MID-AUGUST 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-July to mid-
August is for temperatures to average above seasonal normals west
of the Continental Divide. Below normal temperatures are indicated |
elsewhere except for near normal in the Northeast as well as along
the middle Atlantic and gulf coasts. Rainfall is expected to
exceed normal over the eastern quarter of the Nation as well as
the middle Mississippi Valley and eastern portions of the central
and southern Plains. Subnormal totals are indicated for the
northern Plains, California, and most of the Pacific Northwest
as well as the Rio Grande Valley and the west gulf coast. Else-
where near normal rainfall is in prospect.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National
Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of
Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
- 452 -
| SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - MICHIGAN - Larvae, 1-3 per
square yard, taken on bentgrass green of golf course at Kalamazoo,
Kalamazoo County, May 25 by B.L. Lee. Determined by D.M. Weisman.
This is a new State record. Larvae damaged onions in Ottawa
County July 6. Collected by R. VanKlompenberg. Determined by
J.H. Newman. This is a new county record. (Sauer).
ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA -
Increased in some southeast and east-central counties. Ranged
100-700 (averaged 350) adults. and nymphs per 100 sweeps in wheat,
barley, oats, and flax in Traill, Cass, Richland, and Ransom
Counties. (Brandvik).
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Below normal in corn
but rapid increase expected:next 14 days. Ranged 2-4 per 100 ears
in process and field corn in Wicomico, Dorchester, and Somerset
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ARIZONA - Controls applied on
field and sweet corn in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - TEXAS - Decreased
throughout South Plains area near Lubbock. Ranged 0-2,000 per
plant in fields inspected in 26 Panhandle counties. (Daniels,
July 7). OKLAHOMA - Still on grain sorghum in Tillman County,
predation by lady beetles reduced counts. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
KANSAS - Mostly light to moderate but occasionally heavy on
sorghum in northeast, north-central, and central areas. (Bell).
NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 200 per 100 sweeps in several fields in
Cass County. (Brandvik). MISSOURI - Light to moderate on sorghum
throughout west-central and southwest areas. Colonies on 6-41
percent of plants in boot stage. (Munson).
ILLINOIS - R. maidis percent infestation on field corn ranged up
to 90 in central district, up to 60 in west-southwest district,
up to 90 in southwest district. Very light with many whorls
infested with only single winged adult. Weather very favorable
for buildup. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Infestations infrequent
in northern third of State; no colonies observed in corn sampled.
(Meyer). Alates common in experimental corn in Tippecanoe County;
colony formation begun. (Shade). Colonies observed in sorghum in
Randolph County. (Matthew).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Continued to increase on
grain sorghum north of Dallas and Fort Worth. Very few fields in
adjacent counties treated. Light to moderate in Wichita, Knox,
Wilbarger, and Taylor Counties. Light and spotted on South Plains
hear Lubbock. Colonies hard to find in most fields. Where
colonies found, greenbugs averaged less than 50 per plant.
Highest counts in Lubbock area on older grain sorghum; 200-750
per plant in 3 fields. Decreased in other areas. In Blacklands
counties near Stephenville, parasites and predators increasing
steadily. None detected in Hill County. Increased in northern
Panhandle; moderate in Collingsworth County. (Turney et al., July
7). OKLAHOMA - Scattered and moderate in sorghum in Ottawa and
Craig Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
KANSAS - S. graminum increased rapidly on sorghum in eastern
areas of north-central and central districts. Treatment needed in
some fields, probably soon in‘others. Parasitic wasps and lady
beetles generally light in area. Some heavy infestations still
found in northeastern district, particularly in Leavenworth,
- 453 -
Jackson, Atchison, Brown, and Neosho Counties. Counts up to 4,000
per plant found on boot-stage sorghum in Brown County. Light in
sorghum in southeast district as far north as Chanute, Neosho
County; serious infestations frequently reported in counties
further north and some southern counties in east-central district
east of Emporia. Light on sorghum in western parts of north-
central, central, south-central, and all western districts.
Parasitic wasps generally light in greenbug-infested fields in
most areas except in southeast district; control not as effective
as in 1971. Lady beetles also generally light and ineffective.
(Bell). NEBRASKA - Schizaphis graminum increased on grain sorghum
in southeast and central districts. Heavy in some early planted
fields, with 1-2 lower leaves killed. Controls reported. Ranged
10-1,200 per lower leaf in 20 grain sorghum fields in Saunders
and Lancaster Counties. Occasional lady beetle adults, larvae,
and egg masses seen. Predators generally light in most fields.
Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid) about 1 percent
or less, but increasing. (Keith).
ARKANSAS - S. graminum taken in Fulton, Lawrence, Mississippi,
and Independence Counties for new county records. Widespread and
heavy in Clay County; less extensive in Greene County. AS many as
5 leaves per plant red; up to 500+ aphids per leaf noted. Controls —
applied. Light in other counties, biological control underway.
Predators, especially lady beetles, very numerous in all areas;
however, doubtful predators and parasites can control rapid
increases in Clay and Greene Counties. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Light
in most sorghum checked in southwest and west-central areas;
aphids on 2-18 percent of plants. Most colonies small, no damage
observed except in very dry areas. (Munson). INDIANA —- Alates and
colonies occasional in sorghum in Randolph County field. Collected
by D.L. Matthew July 10. This is a new county record. (Matthew).
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Adults and nymphs
caused light yellowing of alfalfa foliage in Frederick and
Carroll Counties. Ranged 5-20 per sweep in heaviest infested
alfalfa. Light in snap beans in Baltimore, Carroll, and Prince
Georges Counties. Expect damage and population to increase rapidly
with onset of hot weather. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Nymphs
and adults increased in alfalfa in central and northeastern
counties, but not yet of economic significance. (Fox). MISSOURI -
Heavy populations, 8-50 per sweep, caused some damage to alfalfa
in dry areas. (Munson).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - INDIANA - Ranged up
to 100 per sweep in alfalfa field in St. Joseph County. This is a
new county record. Previous catches made in contiguous Elkhart
County, and in Kosciusko and Fulton Counties; previously reported
from many counties in southern portion of State. (Meyer).
WISCONSIN - Ranged up to 12 per sweep in alfalfa near Wisconsin
River and up to 35 per sweep in one Marquette County field. Present
in most alfalfa in northeastern counties; counts not heavy. (Wis. .
Lusi. sUGeps.
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - WISCONSIN - Few moths
still taken in blacklight traps in most areas, still heavy in
some eastern counties. Larval feeding more evident in all areas.
Larvae generally light in all areas, but counts high in some
fields. Up to 30 percent of sweet corn infested in some Rock and
- 454 -
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‘Walworth County fields. Some treatment underway in Green Lake and
‘Fond du Lac Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Egg mass counts
very low in northern districts, larvae ranged to second and
‘occasional third instar. Ostrinia nubilalis oviposition appears
‘spread over long period; some fields may accumulate large numbers
of egg masses. Infestations above 50 percent observed in east-
central counties. (Matthew, Meyer). TENNESSEE - Second-generation
moths flying in Marshall County corn. (Pless). MARYLAND -
‘Development and emergence delayed 7-10 days due to cool, wet
weather in June. Infestations on Eastern Shore light to moderate;
infested stalks ranged 10-40 percent. Heavier in Baltimore,
Howard, Montgomery, and Harford Counties; damaged stalks ranged
10-90 percent. Most borers on Eastern Shore pupated. Adult
‘emergence expected week ending July 21. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
MAINE - Small numbers of eggs and larvae found in southern and
western parts of State. (Gall).
‘LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ARIZONA -
Some early sorghum plantings at Yuma, Yuma County, reduced up to
+50 percent. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
‘CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - KANSAS - D. virgifera (western
corn rootworm) emerged in corn in Atchison County July 6.
‘Emergence also reported in Brown, Greenwood, Lyon, Sheridan,
Thomas, and Grant Counties. Some severe rootworm damage reported
jin untreated corn in Grant County and in some corn in Sheridan and
'Thomas Counties. D. longicornis (northern corn rootworm) adults
‘reported in trace numbers in Greenwood County corn. (Bell).
MISSOURI - D. virgifera adults ranged 0.5-5.5 per corn plant in
2 infested areas in southwest district. Very few fields in area
with infestations. (Munson). IOWA - Larvae D. virgifera and D.
jlongicornis ranged 11-45 (average 23) per plant in untreated corn
field in Webster County. Larvae in second or third instar, 80
Eevcens in second stage. Larvae in Clayton County ranged Ge 30
(average 20) per plant; 80 percent third stage with 10 percent
prepupae. Economic statewide. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). INDIANA. - Adults
common in areas where first specimens seen last period in Porter
and La Porte Counties. No economic infestations observed. (Matthew,
Turpin). NEW JERSEY - Few D. longicornis seen on corn at
localities in Warren and Hunterdon Counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Very heavy in
some sections of central area. Ranged 15-80 per sorghum head in
McLennan County. Present throughout most of North Central area,
but in most cases not heavy enough to justify treatment.
fee techer, Turney, July 7).
SMALL GRAINS
HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavily
damaged winter wheat in Elm Springs area, Meade County. Some
fields in area with up to 25 percent damage. (Kantack).
ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - NORTH DAKOTA - Prevalent
jin most barley, wheat, and oats in Traill, Cass, Richland, and
‘Ransom Counties. Counts variable, ranged 50-400 (averaged 155)
per 100 sweeps. Colonies present on leaves and heads. Much wheat
iin these counties not headed out. (Brandvik).
- 455 -
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Larvae heavy in
pastures in Tift County. (McCormick).
CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Ranged
80-120 per square foot in zoysia grass lawns in St. Clair County. |
Chis ins: Rpt): i!
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MONTANA - Heavy on estimated
36,000 acres of alfalfa in Custer, Richland, Dawson, Wibaux,”
Fallon, and Carter Counties. Most first-crop alfalfa cut early 4
enough not to be damaged. Weevil activity preventing regrowth of ~—
second crop. (Pratt). MINNESOTA - Collected on alfalfa in Ramsey i
County June 21 by H.C. Chiang. Determined by E.F. Cook. This is |
a new county record. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Larvae averaged)
3 per sweep in Grant County field, ranged 1-4 per 10 Sweeps in
much alfalfa in northeastern area. Percent larval parasitism by
Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon wasp) by county: Dunn 33,
St. Croix 50, Chippewa 80, Polk 50, Pierce 75, Eau Claire 80, |
Iowa 80. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 40 per 100 ~
sweeps in prebloom alfalfa in Todd County. Mostly third and four tay
instars averaged 2 per square foot in Fayette County alfalfa; eggs |
averaged 13.8 per square foot. (Barnett). OHIO - Larvae per 50
sweeps on second-growth alfalfa by county: Morrow 32, Columbiana |
15, Holmes 21, Portage 132; Crawford 1 per sweep. Adults per 50
sweeps by county: Crawford 17, Mahoning 21, Portage 5. Less than
5 larvae per 50 sweeps found in mixed clover and timothy fields
in Morrow and Geauga Counties. (Fox). |
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - UTAH - Averaged 700 per 10
sweeps in Delta, Sutherland, and Abraham area alfalfa in Millard
County. (Parrish). Heavy in some Washington County fields. (Huber).
NORTH DAKOTA —- Heavy on second-crop alfalfa in Traill, Cass, |
Richland, and Ransom Counties; too heavy to count in some fields. |
Estimates ranged 5-1,000 (averaged 400) per sweep. Second-cutting
yields will be reduced in areas where moisture short. (Brandvik).
MINNESOTA - Heavy on alfalfa in southwest, south-central, and
west-central districts. Ranged 3,000-6,000 per 100 sweeps; up to
estimated 25,000 per 100 sweeps in few cases. Second cutting of
alfalfa begun in some fields. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN -
Counts varied in northeastern area alfalfa due to density of
stands; ranged 30-300 per sweep in heavier growth. Counts much
lower in southwestern area; ranged 12-25 per sweep. Increased in
Rock County; ranged 40-60 per sweep. Averaged 7 per 10 sweeps in
Bayfield County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Averaged 150 per
100 sweeps in Todd County alfalfa field. (Barnett).
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ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT - Infesta-|
tions declined noticeably on alfalfa regrowth. (MacCollom). }
MASSACHUSETTS - Damage not obvious on 3-week-old untreated
alfalfa in Hampshire and Berkshire Counties; however, adults
very numerous, nearly every leaflet bears 10-30 feeding and
oviposition punctures. (Jensen). NEW JERSEY - Mines easily found
in second-cutting alfalfa throughout Burlington County. Significant
leaf deterioration occurred in some fields. Hot weather and early |
cutting important in limiting damage. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
PENNSYLVANIA - Mines found in 0.24-37.8 percent of leaflets
sampled in 4 alfalfa fields in Bucks and Northampton Counties,
July 3-6. (McDonald, Valley).
- 456 -
BPs oppen - WISCONSIN - Severe threat on forage in some areas,
2specially in southwestern counties. Decreased in areas where
vbove normal in previous years. Many eggs still hatching, nymphs
rot evident on plants. Difficult to properly evaluate situation on
statewide basis due to erratic nature of infestations. Heavy in
southern Lafayette County, averaged 40+ per sweep in fields
s*hecked. Averaged 15 per sweep in Dane and Green Counties, with
= 8 per Sweep common. Averaged 25 per sweep in alfalfa field in
ior thern Rock County, but well over 40 per sweep along roadside
irea and moving into soybeans; ranged 6-10 per sweep in other
varts of county. Light, 2-3 per 10 sweeps to highs of 5 per sweep,
n Dodge, Fond du Lac, Sheboygan, Manitowac, Oconto, Brown,
jutagamie, eastern Waupaca, Waushara, Green Lake, and Marinette
Jounties. Moderate, 15 per square yard, along roadsides and 4
er Sweep in alfalfa, where heavy populations prevailed in 1971.
elanoplus femurrubrum and M. sanguinipes dominant. (Wis. Ins.
IEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Above
jormal, with good growing conditions; soybeans ahead of developing
larvae. Larvae light in most fields in Kent, Talbot, Dorchester,
‘icomico, and Somerset Counties; heaviest counts ranged 7-20 larvae
jer 3 row feet. Adults active, egg laying decreased. Foliage
jamage ranged 5-20 percent in most Eastern Shore fields to date.
‘U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
\EAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 1
er 2 row feet on soybeans in Lowndes County. (Robinson).
j
HREESTRIPED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta lemniscata) - OKLAHOMA -
his species and E. occidentalis heavy, damaged soybeans in Love
jounty. Some fields treated. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
_JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) - IOWA - Adults
completely strippped outside rows of soybeans near field of
romegrass in Scott County. Infestation severe, second treatment
ecessary for control. (Iowa Ins. Sur., July 7).
EANUTS
RANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - ALABAMA - Light larval
nfestations in 20 peanut fields in Butler and Barbour Counties..
orresponds with infestations in several other counties during
ast 7 to 15 days; expected all fields in 200,000+ acreage in 9
utheast counties affected. Some controls applied; doubtful if
nfestations high enough to require areawide efforts. (Bond et
is ). FLORIDA - Heavy, averaged 10 larvae per row foot in 50-acre
eanut field at Newberry, Alachua County. Controls applied.
Strayer).
ESSER CORNSTALK BORER eee lignosellus) - FLORIDA -
oderate in 50-acre field, damaged tap roots and pegs; controls
pplied at Newberry, Alachua County. (Strayer).
- 457 -
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Punctured squares
ranged 1-35 percent. Peak emergence of first-generation weevils
expected week of July 17. (Locke, Patrick). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Emergence of overwintered weevils about complete. Few new genera-—
tion weevils found in test plots. Adults per acre ranged 7-18
in treated plots, 0-189 in untreated plots. Larval infestations
ranged 1-2 percent in treated plots. (Locke et al.). GEORGIA -
Percent punctured squares ranged 0-26 in Wilcox County and 0-16
in Crisp County. (Hudson, Nix). ALABAMA - First-generation
"hatchout" continued; relatively high throughout south and central
area. Most growers began or continued controls. Some fields in |
northern area reached damaging square infestations of 10-40 per-
cent, most larger fields in thin wooded areas remain below 10 ‘|
percent. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Percent infestation by county:
Sharkey, 2 on 200 acres; Noxubee, 18 on 20 acres and 8 on 260
acres; Chickasaw, 12 on 120 acres; Pontotoc, 5 on 100 acres;
Madison, "hotspots" noted on 300 acres; Sunflower, 10 and 7 in 2
fields totaling 1,500 acres with treatment scheduled on 30 acres.
(Robinson).
LOUISIANA - Collected 71 A. grandis adults in traps this period;
47 in 12 traps in Madison Parish and 24 in 10 traps in Tensas
Parish, all adjacent to ground trash collection sites. This makes
totals of 2,734 weevils taken in traps in Madison Parish and 795
weevils taken in traps in Tensas Parish since March 17. In Madison
Parish, punctured squares ranged 1-12 (average 4) percent in 14
fields; ranged 1-31 (average 10.3) percent in 22 plots. (Cleveland
et al.). TEXAS - Punctured square counts remain light in McLennan
and Falls Counties; however, very heavy weevil "hatchout” occurred
this period and several growers began treatments. Percent punctured |
squares averaged 4.2 (maximum 7) in 6 treated fields; averaged 2.9
(maximum 23) in 24 untreated'fields. (Cowan et al.).
OKLAHOMA - A. grandis percent punctured squares by county:
Jefferson 40-45, Jackson 5-9, and Tillman, Harmon, and Greer 3-5.
Counts increased in Caddo and Washita Counties but averaged less
than 10 percent. Averaged 24 percent in 11 fields checked in Bryan
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - H. zea infestations
continued well below control levels. (LocKe, Patrick). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Heliothis spp. larvae light in most fields; infesta-
tions ranged 1-2 percent. (Locke et al.). GEORGIA - Counts per 100
terminals ranged 2-14 eggs and 2-11 larvae in Wilcox County and
2-15 eggs and 1-14 larvae in Crips County. (Hudson, Nix).
MISSISSIPPI - Infestations light on 4,000 acres in Madison County,
light on 120 acres in Chickasaw County, and averaged 2 percent on
200 acres in Sharkey County. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Damaged |
squares ranged 1-5 (average 2.3) percent in 10 of 14 fields |
examined in Madison Parish; ranged 1-3 (average 1.3) percent in
9 of 22 plots checked. Damaged squares found in 3 of 4 fields
examined in Tensas Parish; averaged 1 percent in 1 field, 2 per-
cent in each of other 2 fields. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS —- Counts
per 100 terminals in Falls and McLennan Counties averaged 7.1 |
(maximum 8.4) eggs and 1.5 (maximum 1.5) larvae in 6 treated fields:
5.8 (maximum 22) eggs and 3.9 (maximum 12.8) larvae in 24 |
untreated fields. Percent damaged squares averaged 2.2 (maximum |
4.2) in 6 treated fields and 5.3 (maximum 18) in 24 untreated |
- 458 -
fields. Injured bolls averaged 1.5 (maximum 3.2) percent in 6
treated fields and 1.2 (maximum 5.2) percent in 22 untreated
fields. Of 40 larvae collected on cotton, 4 determined H.
virescens. Large increase of H. virescens moths noted in black-
micitetsap., (Cowan et ’al:)¢* 7
COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged
light to heavy in cotton in Harmon and Jackson Counties, heavy in
Jefferson County, and light in Greer County. Ranged up to 50 per
100 terminals in Washita, Caddo, and Beckham Counties and 6-7
per 100 terminals in Tillman County. Moderate in Bryan, Marshall,
Garvin, and Okmulgee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CLOUDED PLANT BUG (Neurocolpus nubilis) - ALABAMA - Adults and
hymph taken in cotton field at Mount Meigs, Montgomery County.
This is a new county record. (Jenkins et al.).
TOBACCO
TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - MARYLAND - Remained below
economic levels in most fields. About 30 acres treated in Calvert
and St. Marys Counties to date. Most counts ranged below 2 larvae
per 50 plants. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged
4 per 100 tobacco plants in Christian County and 8 per 100 burley
tobacco plants in Marshall County. (Barnett, Raney).
TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Economic
in 5 percent of 138 tobacco fields Surveyed July 10 and 11 in
Surry County area. Increased about 1 percent since June 30.
(Hunt).
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Light on
type 32 tobacco; ranged 2-10 per plant in St. Marys, Charles, and
Prince Georges Counties. No controls needed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - MINNESOTA -
Potential problem on sunflower in Norman County. No adults seen,
first larvae seen July 11 in volunteer sunflowers. Larvae heavy
July 13 in cultivated sunflower field in northwestern part of
county; ranged 60-100 per unopen blossom head in marginal rows.
Misshapen, or cone-shaped heads, caused by this newly described
gall forming midge, not seen but will appear soon. (Minn. Pest
Rit).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MAINE -
Becoming more common on potatoes throughout State. Scattered
unsprayed fields show moderate to severe defoliation. Adults,
eggs, and larvae present. Apparently due to lack of control, not
to resistance. (Gall).
POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum euphorbiae) - MARYLAND - This and Myzus
persicae (green peach aphid) increased in most fields in
Worcester and Somerset Counties. Populations light but expected
to increase rapidly before harvest. Preplant systemic insecti-
cides much weakened due to excessive rains during late June and
early July. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
- 459 -
Potato Aphids in Maine - In untreated potato plots, 3 Myzus
persicae (green peach aphid) at Houlton, Aroostook County, 2 at
Lincoln, Penobscot County. Found one Acyrthosiphon solani
(foxglove aphid) at Caribou, Aroostook County. Counted 182
Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) at Lincoln, 37 at Houlton,
39 at Caribou; found 3 spring migrants at Caribou, one at Fort
Fairfield, Aroostook County. Aphis nasturtii (buckthorn aphid)
numerous at Lincoln; none found at Fort Fairfield. Erratic aphid
populations primarily due to different planting dates and heights
of plants. (Gall).
-£
A SCIARID FLY (Pnyxia scabiei) - WASHINGTON - Larvae mining tubers
(infested 25+ percent) for third consecutive year in large field
near Eureka, Walla Walla County. Larvae associated with common
scab which is more prevalent in 120-acre circular irrigation
fields. (Landis).
DETECTION
New State Records — ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - MICHIGAN -
Kalamazoo County. (p. 453). A JUNIPER SAWFLY (Monoctenus melliceps)
DELAWARE - Sussex County. (p. 463). A SCYTOTID SPIDER (Loxosceles
refescens) - KANSAS - Riley County. (p. 464). SOYBEAN CYS
NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ALABAMA - Escambia County.
(p. 466).
New County Records —- ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) MINNESOTA -
Ramsey (p. 456). ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) MICHIGAN -
Ottawa (p. 453). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) VIRGINIA -
Spotsylvania (p. 464). CLOUDED PLANT BUG (Neurocolpus nubilis)
ALABAMA - Montgomery (p. 459). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus
julis) MICHIGAN - Clinton (p. 464). GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum)
ARKANSAS - Fulton, Lawrence, Mississippi, Independence. INDIANA -
Randolph (p. 454). JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) GEORGIA -
Columbia. SOUTH CAROLINA - Fairfield (p. 466). SPOTTED ALFALFA
APHID (Therioaphis maculata) INDIANA —- Joseph (p. 454).
CORRECTIONS
CEIR 22(27):429 - GRASSHOPPERS - Line 6: Oedaleonutus enigma
should read Oedaleonotus enigma.
CEIR 22(27):430 - Second paragraph under KANSAS - Agenotettix
deorum should read Ageneotettix deorum.
CEIR 22(27):431 - DETECTION - New County and Island Records -
Line 5: (Schizaphus graminum) should read (Schizaphis graminum).
CEIR 22(28):444 - JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - ALABAMA -
Russell County should read Lee County. (McQueen).
- 460 -
ECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
UROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MAINE - In commercial blocks,
otile forms ranged from 0.04 to 5.00 per leaf. Egg counts heavy,
anged 26-42 per leaf. Generally under control. in most orchards
here miticides applied. Mites moved onto new foliage. Will soon
e generally distributed throughout trees. (Gall). OHIO - Poten-
ial damaging outbreaks detected in southern area orchards.
ounts up to 20-25 per leaf on Red Delicous apples noted. In cen-
ral area, populations up to 10 per leaf occurring. Emergency
ontrols applied. (Holdsworth).
ODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - MAINE - Pheromone trap
atches increased sharply. Eggs readily found on fruit in unsprayed
rchards, but no fruit entries seen yet. Earliest laid eggs should
e hatching. (Gall, July 7).
EARSLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - UTAH - Severe on cherry and pear
Oliage in Cache and Weber County orchards. (Davis). IDAHO -
ounty. Some smaller trees averaged one larva per leaf July 12.
Gittins).
ALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TENNESSEE - Heavy on pecan and
alnut trees in western area. Many small webs on variety of trees
mn central area. (Locke, Patrick).
ILACKMARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate
0 heavy on pecans in Oktibbeha County; honeydew present.
Robinson).
i
TRUS
sect Situation in Florida - End of June - CITRUS RUST MITE
Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 73 (norm 57) percent of groves;
fonomic in 47 (norm 35) percent. Population very high and much
ove normal. Will continue increase through July with rapid
uildup on fruit. Highest districts south, west, central, and
rth. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 72 (norm
4) percent of groves; economic in 52 (norm 53) percent. Popula-
ion near average high level for June and near summer peak
bundance, Decrease expected after mid-July. Highest districts
entral, south, west, and east. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri)
infested 38 (norm 68) percent of groves; economic in 12 (norm 43)
ercent. Population lowest reported for June in 21 years of record.
Dpulation approaching summer peak, expected to remain in low
ae Highest districts are south and west. BLACK SCALE
|
:
:
}
Saissetia oleae) infested 92 (norm 79) percent of groves; economic
a 83 (norm 57) percent. More abundant than any time in 21 years
f record. Further increase expected in July followed by decrease
o August. Populations at high level in all districts: East,
entral, south, north, and west. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes
jloverii) infested 87 (norm 87) percent of groves; economic in 8
horm 28) percent. Population below normal and in moderate range.
ittle change expected. Highest district central. PURPLE SCALE
ue beckii) infested 71 (norm 77) percent of groves; economic in
_(morm 10) percent. Below normal abundance and will remain at low
r moderate level in all districts. AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis
itri) infested 31 percent of groves; economic in 20 percent.
acrease expected.
- 461 -
YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 42 (norm 66) percent of
groves; none economic (norm 8 percent). CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria
ergandii) infested 42 (norm 64) percent of groves; none economic
com Il percent). These scales will remain below normal and at
low level. GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) infested 27 (norm 7)
percent of groves; economic in 14 (norm 1) percent. Occurs in
scattered areas of east, central, and south districts. Population
higher than any prior month in 21 years of record. WHITEFLIES
infested 84 (norm 73) percent of groves; economic in 27 (norm 26)
percent. Population slightly above normal and high. Adults and
eggs will be abundant on new flush until mid-July. Highest dis-
tricts east, west, and north. MEALYBUGS infested 73 (norm 72)
percent of groves; economic in 23 (norm 31) percent. Population
increased into high range but slightly below normal. Decrease
expected after mid-July. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake
Alfred)). ;
COTTONYCUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - ARIZONA - Built up in
lemon grove at Yuma, Yuma County. No Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia)
present. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
SMALL FRUITS
RASPBERRY CANE BORER (Oberea bimaculata) - VERMONT - Girdling of
new cane growth and wilting severe in commercial and home raspberry
plantings. (MacCollom).
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - UTAH -
Caused moderate damage to grape foliage in "Dixie" area of Wash-
ington County. (Huber).
GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera vitifoliae) - PENNSYLVANIA - All
stages taken on wine grapes in northeast Erie County. Averaged
14 galls per leaf; 47 percent of vines examined had one or more
infested shoots. (Jubb).
A SOFT SCALE (Saissetia miranda) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium
on fig in Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - OHIO - Seriously
damaged red and white pine in Stark County. (Nielsen, Purrington).
A NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista canicosta) - MICHIGAN - Egg hatch
begun, egg laying continued heavy. Counts heavy throughout most
of infested area in Lake, Oceana, Manistee, Mason, Muskegon, and
Newaygo Counties. Complete defoliation expected over much of area
infested in 1971. Overwintering mortality heavy in areas most
heavily infested and completely defoliated early last year. Defol-
iation may not be heavy in these areas this season. Egg parasitism
heavy in some areas. (Eiber).
SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) -
OKLAHOMA - Adults feeding near ends of Siberian elm branches in
Beaver, Beaver County; caused considerable leaf drop and dieback
of terminals. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
- 462 -
A JUNIPER SAWFLY (Monoctenus melliceps) - DELAWARE - Larvae heavy
on juniper at Delmar, Sussex County. Collected by C. Phillips
July 9, 1972. Determined by P.O. Burbutis. This is a new State
record. (Burbutis).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,589 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 2-8. This
was decrease of 1,424 cases from 5,013 cases reported for previous
period. Screwworm cases for period July 2-8 by State as follows:
Texas 3,518; New Mexico 19; Arizona 47; Oklahoma 4, Total of 505
cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released this
period in U.S. totaled 191,716,000 as follows: Texas 167,430,000;
New Mexico 3,270,000; Arizona 16,316,000; California 600,000;
Louisiana 3, 940, 000; "Arkansas 160, 000. Total of 2,854, 000 sterile
flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - OHIO - Adults annoyed beef and
dairy cattle throughout central and northeastern areas. Highest
counts seen on Guernsey cattle in Crawford and Geauga Counties;
averaged 40+ per face (Fox), and in Wayne 35+ per face (Treece).
WISCONSIN - Light to moderately annoying to cattle in Polk,
Chippewa, Columbia, Calumet, Jefferson, and Wood Counties. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Ranged 10-25 per face on cattle in Shasta
County, and occurred in higher elevations. eae suffered, par-
ticularly with eye problems. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.
MOSQUITOES - MAINE - Aedes spp. still abundant in many areas; will
create problems for at least 7-14 days. (Gall, July 7). MARYLAND -
Annoyance levels of Aedes spp., mainly A. vexans, peaked in State.
Populations of floodwater species above normal. Conditions for
heavy adult emergence established during recent excessive flooding.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ARKANSAS - Psorophora confinnis averaged
about 300 per night per New Jersey light trap in Lonoke County.
(Boyer). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes moderate in most areas, heavy in
few localities. Severe localized annoyance to man and cattle
reported in Iron, Calumet, Wood, and Chippewa Counties. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MINNESOTA - Cool weather reduced light trap collections.
Total count 3,346 compared with 9,300 previous week. A. vexans
and Coquillettidia perturbans each accounted for 45 percent of
total collections. A. triseriatus in 55 percent of larval collec-
tions. C. perturbans dominant in evening bite collections. In day-
time bite collections A. vexans dominant. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
UTAH - Mosquitoes very troublesome over much of Rich, Uintah,
Cache, and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton, Hanson). Very annoying
in St. George, Bloomington, Shivwit areas of Washington County.
(Huber). Mosquitoes seriously annoyed horses throughout much of
Uintah and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton, Hanson). Annoying with
fogging underway in Logan area of Cache County. (Roberts). Serious
in northern Skull Valley, Tooele County. (Knowlton). Heavy and
annoying on farms in west Delta, Sutherland, and Abraham areas of
Millard County. (Parrish). Very troublesome to man and livestock
along Virgin River, Washington Fields, and through Shivwit Reser-
vation in Washington County. (Huber). CALIFORNIA - Annoyance
increased as populations increased over State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
- 463 -
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - ALABAMA - Ranged 200-500 per
animal in herd of 75 at catchpen in Bibb County. (Owens et al.).
MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 200 per head on cattle in Pontotoc County.
(Robinson). TEXAS - Ranged 200-2,000 per cow in Trans-Pecos area.
Moderate in Wichita, Young, Baylor, and Shackelford Counties;
heavy in Archer County. Continued to increase on livestock in all
Blacklands counties. (Neeb et al., July 7). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on
cattle in Craig and Garvin Counties; moderate in Beaver, Pawnee,
Oklahoma, and Cleveland Counties; light in Ottawa and Hughes ;
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per side in
northern Meade County: 400-1,000 (averaged 800) on cows, 7-40
(averaged 21) on calves, about 900 on bulls. (Jones). NORTH
DAKOTA - Quite variable on 4 beef herds in Richland and Ransom
Counties; ranged 10-700 per animal. (Brandvik). WISCONSIN -
Annoyance to cattle ranged light to moderate in Polk, Chippewa,
Columbia, Calumet, Jefferson, and Wood Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) - MAINE - Increased at Orono, but gen-
erally less abundant than in 1971. Populations declining in many
areas of State. (Gall, July 7).
A SCYTOTID SPIDER (Loxosceles rufescens) - KANSAS - Collected in
building in Manhattan, Riley County, by R.J. Elzinga during
August 1970. Determined by N. Heryford; confirmed by W.J. Gertsch.
This is a new State record. (Bell).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
LADY BEETLES - UTAH - These and other predators became more numer-
ous and effective in alfalfa fields and home gardens in Cache,
Millard, and Weber Counties. (Knowlton, Parrish). ARKANSAS —
Reproduction of Hippodamia convergens and Coleomegilla maculata
heavy, especially in fields infested with Schizaphis graminum
(greenbug). H. convergens more numerous than C, maculata in sor-
ghum. In 1971, C. maculata out-numbered H. convergens in sorghum
and corn. All stages of lady beetles present. (Boyer).
A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) - MICHIGAN - Recovered in
Ovid Township in Clinton County June 9 by G. McQueen. This isa
new county record. Originally released at this location June 9 and
June 18, 1971. (Sauer).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - VIRGINIA - Adults taken
on oats in Spotsylvania County June 2 by G.H. Hall. This is a new
- county record. (PP).
COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - New in-
festation on mulberry in Springville, Tulare County, 10 miles
from Porterville infestation. Extent of infestation being checked.
Bio-control release of Cryptolaemus spp. (lady beetles) and
lacewings continued. Total of 2,600,000 Cryptolaemus spp. and
1,174,000 lacewings released in Porterville. Ant control necessary
in release area. Cryptolaemus spp. activity slowed; lacewing pop-
ulations maintained themselves. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - First flight
observed June 26 in Newark, Wayne County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).
OHIO - Twelve adults noted in flight evening of July 11 in
- 464 -
Cleveland. Previously, last adults usually ended flight by July 6.
Cool, wet weather believed cause of change in pattern (Custer,
Roach).
GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Infested 2,900 acres of rangeland in
Hankinson Block of Sheyenne National Grasslands in Richland County.
Ranged 4-20 (averaged 10) per square yard. Melanoplus sanguinipes
dominant. (Grasser). TEXAS - Melanoplus spp. and other grasshoppers
ranged 40-100 per square yard in isolated alfalfa fields in Ward
and Midlanfé Counties. Heavy in several High Plains and Trans-Pecos
counties. Heavy in Collingsworth, Randall, Gray, Carson, and Potter
Counties. Some end row and pasture treatments applied. Heavy in
Brewster County; ranged 20-45 per square yard. (Clymer, Neeb,
July 7). OKLAHOMA - Cooperative control program completed on
38,000 rangeland acres in Beaver County. Grasshoppers heavy and
damaged soybeans in Wagoner County; moderate in mungbeans in
Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on about
1,100,000 acres of rangeland in Quay, Guadalupe, De Baca, Curry,
and Roosevelt Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
NEVADA - Melanoplus Sanguinipes 90 percent), and M. femurrubrum
and Camnula pellucida (10 percent), ranged 18-20 per square yard
on 100 acres of alfalfa and 100 acres of tall wheatgrass and
ryegrass in Rye Patch aie Pershing County; damage heaviest to
alfalfa. (Munk, Nishida). M. sanguinipes (98 percent) and M.
bivittatus (2 percent) aed 20-30 per square yard on 1,400 acres
of native meadow and alfalfa and 200 acres of Federal rangeland at
Quinn River Crossing Ranch, Humboldt County; greasewood completely
defoliated on rangeland. Treatment planned. (Rowe). OREGON -
Spraying for control of M. sanguinipes, C. pellucida, Oedaleonotus
enigma, M. bivittatus, and M. packardii currently underway on
total of 548,000 acres in Baker, Union, Morrow, and Grant Counties.
Controls scheduled July 15 in Wallowa County on about 140,000
acres. Grasshopper development estimated at least 14 days later
than normal. Most in third and fourth instars, few adults found.
(Jackson).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae damaging
in several counties since June 20; especially so on abandoned
apple trees. (Jensen, July 7). RHODE ISLAND - First pupae observed
July 3; larvae feeding on wide range of trees and undergrowth in
Washington County. (Relli, Field, July 7). PENNSYLVANIA - Pupae
seen at Pecks Pond, Pike County, for first time in area; defolia-
tion heavy. (Jackowski, July 6). Adults heavy in Bridgeton Town-
ship, Bucks County. Males, females, and egg laying noted. (Raub).
DELAWARE - Larvae found feeding on Norway maple in New Castle
County July 7. Collected by J.S. McDaniels, determined by P.O.
Burbutis, (Burbutis). This is first larval infestation reported
in State. Moths previously trapped in State in 1969 and 1970. (PP).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MAINE - Single localized
infestation reported in Augusta, Kennebec County. Less severe
than in 1971. (Gall). VERMONT - Heavy on raspberry and grapes in
infested areas. Common on ornamentals. (MacCollom). RHODE ISLAND -
First adults of season in Providence County July 10. (Relli).
‘NEW JERSEY - Common on flowering plants in central counties. (Ins.-
Dis. Newsltr.). PENNSYLVANIA - Adults seen on various ornamental
plants in Montgomery, Bucks, Chester, and Philadelphia Counties.
(Raub, July 6). OHIO - First adult emergence seen June 29. (Wille,
Turner). NORTH CAROLINA - Variable infestations over State.
- 465 -
Infestations in 3 cornfields in southern Coastal Plain ranged up
to 8 adults per silking ear. Of 10 soybean fields surveyed in
Coastal Plain, 2 infestations ranged up to 1 per row foot. Some
areas report very light populations. (Hunt). SOUTH CAROLINA -
Trapped 15 adults along State Highway 215 near Jenkinsville,
Fairfield County, June 21, by J.L. King. This is a new county
record. Trapped 10 adults July 3 west of Highway I-85 in Anderson
County. (King). GEORGIA - Adults collected along roadside at
Martines in Columbia County June 21 by Hargrove and M.C. Blount.
This is a new county record. (PP). TENNESSEE - Adults trapped
in new areas of Hawkins, Monroe, Morgan, Roane, and Sullivan
Counties. (PP). Adult trapped at farmers market in Memphis,
Shelby County, June 6. (Jackson, Burner).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Infestation
56 percent in one Yuma Valley field; ranged 0-17 percent in Yuma
County. Boll infestations ranged 1-3 percent at Parker Valley.
Light throughout Safford area, Graham County, and San Simon area,
Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). FLORIDA - Four larvae, 7
pupae taken from wild cotton at 2 Key Largo locations and 3 larvae
taken from wild cotton on Upper Key Largo, Monroe County, June 30.
(Creamer).
SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ALABAMA - Cysts
collected on soybeans near Atmore, EScambia County, July 11 by
T. Lemons and Daniel. Determined by A.M. Golden. This is a new
State record. (PP).
WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Inspec-
tion continued in areas outside known infested area in San Diego,
San Diego County. Very light in new properties in northern area,
13 in southern part of San Diego. Weather continues to deter
parasite activity. Presently 177 release sites located in area.
Some parasites collected and released at new sites. (Cal. Coop.
pit
- 466 -
i
| HAWAII INSECT REPORT
General Vegetables - WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occiden-
talis) heavy in one acre of bush beans at Waialua, Oahu. About 40
‘percent of planting with 50+ nymphs and adults per leaf except on
young terminal leaves. Moderate scarification of heavily infested
leaves. Trace in remaining acreage. PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus
eugenii) larvae light on fruits in 2 acres of sweet peppers at
‘Wakaha, Oahu. Severe on this host in late April resulting in 100
percent fruit infestation. LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.)
moderate in green onion fields at Waianae, Oahu; mines ranged light
‘to moderate on 35-45 percent of leaves. BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera
exigua) moderate in 2-acre onion planting; 15-20 percent of leaves
With One or more larvae. Liriomyza spp. heavy in 0.75 acre of
‘young snap beans; up to 8 adults and 20 pupae per leaf. Liriomyza
spp. mines and CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus)
‘moderate to heavy on older leaves. (Kawamura).
General Pests - SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) adult
‘activity moderate in yard plantings of orchids at Wailuku, Maui;
caused 10-30 percent bud drop. Moderate in yard planting of long
‘beans at same area. Adults light in one acre of eggplant at
Waianae, Oahu; 5 of 6 adults observed bore eggs of Trichopoda
pennipes (a tachina fly). (Miyahira, Kawamura).
Beneficial Insects - PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL (Microlarinus
Typriformis) larval activity heavy in nodes of puncturevine
‘(ribulus terrestris) in various areas on Maui. Of minimum of 50
internodes examined at 4 locales, effects of activity ranged from
zero at Lahaina to 100 percent at Waikapu. Of 71 T. cistoides
‘internodes examined at Waikapu, 68 percent exhibited similar
activity. (Miyahira). Field examination of Melastoma malabathricum
(Indian rhododendron) at various areas on Hawaii during June
showed average of 40 percent of fruits and terminals infested by
larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Selca brunella). On Kauai, fruits
examined during same month showed infestations of 44 and 14 per-
cent, respectively, at Hanahanapuni and Knudsen Gap. (Miyahira,
Sugawa). Light numbers of Trathala flavoorbitalis and Casinaria
infesta (ichneumon wasps) and Eucelatoria armigera (a tachina fly)
emerged from larvae of GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
‘collected from lightly infested Kikuyu grass pastures at Ulupala-
‘kua, Maui, during June. (Miyahira). Twenty one adults of a CHALCID
‘@rachymeria obscurata) emerged from 25 Hedylepta blackburni
(Goconut Teafroller) pupae collected from lightly infested coconut
trees at Wailua, Kauai. B. obscurata purposely introduced in 1895
from Japan to aid in control of Chrysodeixis chalcites (a noctuid
moth. (Sugawa).
- 467 -
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- 468 -
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTICNS
NORTH DAKOTA
Bismarck 6/28, 7/7, 9
Bottineau 7/6, 10
Fargo 7/6-12
PENNSYLVANIA (Districts
Central 6/29-7/11
Southeast 6/29-7/11
Southwest 6/29-7/11
SOUTH DAKOTA (County)
Brookings 7/5-10
TENNESSEE (County)
Dyer 7/10-14
Franklin 7/10-14
Madison 7/10-14
- 469
TEXAS
Waco 7/6-13
Montgomery 7/6-12
Petersburg 7/1-11
Warsaw 7/4-10
VIRGINIA
Hartford 7/4-10
Lancaster 7/3-11
Mazomanie 7/3-12
WISCONSIN
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 10
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
HIGHLIGHTS: Summer heat intensified in the west. The Northeast
warmed, averaging 5 to 10 degrees warmer than the previous week.
A large area from California to the central Rocky Mountains
received no rain.
PRECIPITATION: A large High moved off the Atlantic coast early in
the week. Southwesterly winds behind the High spread moisture laden |
air over central and eastern portions of the Nation, setting the
stage for widespread thunderstorm activity. Thunderstorms were
widely scattered and generally light from the Rocky Mountains to
the Atlantic coast Monday. Heavy showers doused a few spots in the
central Great Plains. Overnight rains of 4 to 5 inches in western
Kansas, 4.71 inches at Kearney, Nebraska, and up to 6 inches at
Red Cloud, Nebraska, overflowed creeks and rivers. About 5 inches
of rain at Mieregrove, Minnesota, in 2 hours Tuesday night flooded
the village and heavy thundershowers in eastern Nebraska and
western Iowa caused creeks to rise in those areas. A weak tropical
storm moved inland near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, Tuesday night.)
It dumped a 2-day total of 3 to 6 inches of rain over the eastern
portions of the Carolinas and northward to New England. With the
soils already saturated by previous rains, only moderate showers
produced local flooding in some areas. The heaviest weekend
showers were in the central Great Plains. Over 3 inches fell at
Dodge City, Kansas, in 6 hours Sunday morning. Some severe thunder-
storms with hail and high winds occurred over the upper and middle
Mississippi River Valley. Hail 3 to 4 inches in diameter caused
property damage about 12 miles east of La Crosse, Wisconsin,
Sunday afternoon, Much of the West received no rain. Over mid-
America and the East, amounts were very unevenly distributed.
TEMPERATURE: A High weakened and moved off the Atlantic coast
Southwesterly winds behind the High brought warm, moist air from
the Gulf of Mexico. Temperatures Monday afternoon were in the 90's
over the Great Plains and the 80's over most of the East. Worland,
Wyoming, recorded 100 degrees Monday afternoon. The Pacific North-
west was moderately cool early in the week but warmed considerably
by midweek. Pendleton, Oregon, recorded 97 degrees Wednesday after--
noon. The mercury reached the 100-degree mark daily in the Desert
Southwest. Nighttime temperatures were only a few degrees below
100 degrees. Needles, California, registered 97 degrees 2 o'clock
Wednesday morning and 118 degrees in the afternoon. Summer heat |
prevailed over most of the Nation by midweek. Afternoon tempera- |
tures soared to the 90's over most of New York and parts of New
England reaching 94 degrees at Boston, Massachusetts, Wednesday.
In the opposite corner of the Nation, Furnace Creek in Death
Valley, California, recorded 125 degrees. A High off the Atlantic
coast pumped 90 degrees of heat northward along the Atlantic i
seaboard over the weekend. The central Great Plains cooled. :
Salina, Kansas, registered 107 degrees Friday but only 70 degrees
Saturday. Heat intensified in the Northwest. The Dalles, Oregon,
recorded 101 degrees Sunday afternoon Blistering heat continued
in the Sacramento Valley in California. Red Bluff, in the northern
end of the valley, recorded 118 degrees Friday and Stockton
registered 114 degrees, the warmest Stockton has ever been. Fur-
nace Creek in Death Valley, California, recorded 128 degrees Fri- |
day and Saturday. Temperatures averaged above normal over the
i
{
|
West and Northeast and below normal over mid-America and the
Southwest. - 470 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
i 23¢17 o0OCcl
CCC4 SMINLISNIAL22 2
SMITHSCNIAN INSTITUTICN LIER
ARIES SNITHSCNIAR ris
WASHING TCA CC 2€56C
VOL. 22No. 30 2°22 July 28, 1972
One
ia
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this ieleases
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
the) Widest os, Clik
Economic Insect Survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 July 28, 1972 Number 30
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
| HIGHLIGHTS
| Current Conditions
GREENBUG heavy or economic on sorghum in areas of Texas, Kansas,
and Nebraska. Also economic in Indiana where first infestations
on sorghum recorded. POTATO LEAFHOPPER threatening on forage in
_ Ohio, heavy on alfalfa in Maryland and Virginia. (pp. 473-474).
CORN ROOTWORM adults emerging; damage to corn reported in
Oklahoma, Nebraska, Illinois, and Ohio. (p. 475). Second
EUROPEAN CORN BORER adult flight underway in Delaware; larvae .
heavier than in recent years in Michigan. (p. 476).
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE expected to be economic on soybeans in
Maryland. (p. 478).
BOLL WEEVIL heavy on 90,000 acres in Alabama; damage heavier than
in 1971 in North Carolina. (p. 478).
SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE continues a problem on sunflower in Red
River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota. HOP APHID, HOP
LOOPER, and TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE general on hops in Yakima
Valley of Washington. (p. 480).
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE a problem in most potato-growing areas
of Maine. (p. 480).
SPRUCE BUDWORM will be a major forest pest in Lower Michigan,
and JACK PINE BUDWORM infesting most jack pine stands throughout
northern portion of Lower Peninsula. (p. 483).
GRASSHOPPERS economic on 2,500,000 acres of rangeland in Idaho.
(p. 486).
Detection
A THRIPS collected in California is a new North American
@ record. This species is known from the Canary Islands and
Spain. Host range includes citrus, willow, and acacia.
(p. 483).
New State records include ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER in Vermont
(p. 478) and a GRASSHOPPER in New Hampshire (p. 481).
For new county records see page 481.
Reports in this issue are for week ending July 21 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 471 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance....... OOO GoOOGGODOCO0dD 473
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....475 Potatoes, Tomatoes,
SMaAdT LGr ae Sis Suvi sevswe leis easter seas 477 PEPPELS 5 2). <)sic/ec.0 « Soho ASO
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...477 Beans and Peas............ 481
Forage Legumes...........ee-. 477 General Vegetables....... . 481
BSOV DEANS fi a actorels see scoreaemeecele ee 478 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .482
PEANDWESS obs een ace eee vee ee 408°" CHELUS... oe sec coe ce eee 482
COETON is cys kw ars oe ow sp enspene 478 Ornamentals. . .. /..5eee 483
ODAC C Ovi isc jsic eee aieuece ee sterol ara 479 Forest and Shade Trees.....483
Susp aA IBESUSR aus eens crate oiere eens 480 Man and Animals............ 484
Miscellaneous Field Crops...480
DE CSC DVO, 515 taser ite costa 8st suis es fo) ny eters, oncestees arse ob eee ae .. 481
Beneficial Insects 25 cst cc 2 cs 6 bees oe be ie bce hee eee 485
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs............c.ccecece 485
Hawadd. INSect REPOr Gs sc ece-sig «o/s. sie. + ep ane 6 eyeheione oud la ct) scene ee 487
COLMECTVONSR Nee cies hie he oa or ace Ska Se eh eo eee sh shencies ene Ored
Light Trap Colleetions., « .......% $c0o08 © ooh te shee. eee 488
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 24
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Vigorous thunderstorms broke out along a quasi
Stationary front which early in week stretched from the Great
Lakes to the Texas Panhandle. Some thunderstorms produced hail
and heavy rain. Hail of 1l-inch size bounced off the streets of
Calamis, Iowa, 5 inches of rain fell at Lowden, Iowa. These towns
are about 20 miles northwest of Davenport. Twisters occurred in
central Kansas, east-central Iowa, and northern Illinois late
Monday evening. The most severe damaged farmsteads and injured
cattle north-northeast of Peoria, Illinois. Heavy rains approaching
10 inches and strong winds caused property damage west of
Chicago early Tuesday. After the front across mid-America dis-
Sipated about midweek, another front farther north brought active
weather to the northern and central Great Plains. Showers were
especially heavy north of St. Cloud, Minnesota, where 10.84 inches
fell at Ft. Ripley, 8.90 inches at Long Prairie, and 8.10 inches
at Onamia in the 24-hour period ending Saturday morning. The central]
Great Plains received substantial showers Sunday and light rains
fell in the Deep South. The Far Southwest continued dry. Numerous
dust devils swirled across the desert near Blythe, California,
Wednesday afternoon.
TEMPERATURE: On Monday, July 17, a mountain of air with a central
pressure of 1025 millibars was centered about 600 miles northeast
of Bermuda. This Bermuda High as it is frequently called moved
westward reaching the Carolina coast Thursday. By Friday morning
it had become quasi stationary over the western Carolinas. Very
light but generally southernly breezes over the backside of the
High spread warm, humid, hazy weather along the eastern edge of
the Nation early in the week and the eastern half of the Nation
by Friday. Weather of the week continued on page 490.
- 472 -
|
|
_ SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OHIO - Total of 1,153 adults
taken in 3 blacklight traps in single night in Wayne County.
Largest number taken in single night in 7 years. (Rings). NEW
“YORK - Larvae in whorls of corn in some areas; ragging of leaves
evident. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 17). VERMONT - Present in 2 corn
'fields in Washington County; damage severe in one field.
(MacCollom) .
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-50
per plant in most grain sorghum checked in northeast area.
Ranged 100-300 per plant in few fields. Numbers declined due to
plant maturity, predators, and parasites. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
KANSAS - Light to moderate in most of State; some heavy popula-
tions seen in Finney, Grant, Haskell, and Stevens Counties of
‘southwest district. (Bell). WISCONSIN - Gradually increased in
‘corn tassels. About 80 percent of tassels infested in most
| fields; aphids very light on each plant except in few fields.
Predators increased. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Increased, but
no fields with serious damage seen. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO -
Variable on field corn in southeast area. Heaviest counts found
in 3 fields in Washington County; heavy in whorls of 95 percent
of plants. Populations lighter in Licking County, with 7 of every
(10 plants infested. (Fox). MARYLAND - Continued well below normal
in few corn fields in Dorchester and Wicomico Counties. Infested
stalks ranged 5-10 percent in these fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
-GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARIZONA - Infested field of 2 to
3-foot sorghum, up to 1,000 aphids per plant, at Kansas Settlement
area, Cochise County. Controls applied. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
TEXAS - Heavy in isolated fields in Glasscock County. Lower 4
leaves killed; colonies ranged 3-7 per leaf with 150-700 aphids
'per colony. Light in young grain sorghum in Glasscock, Reeves,
Pecos, Knox, Hardeman, and Wichita Counties. (Neeb, Boring, July
|14). Currently generally light on grain sorghum in Rolling Plains
and Trans-—Pecos areas. In Trans—-Pecos area, light numbers and
damage reported on young grain sorghum in El Paso, Hunt, and
Reeves Counties. Ranged light to heavy in most South Plains
counties. Generally light in Collingsworth, Carson, Castro,
Swisher, Oldham, Sherman, Parmer, and Hartley Counties in Panhandle.
(McIntyre et al.).
OKLAHOMA - S. graminum counts per grain sorghum plant in northeast
counties ranged as follows: Tulsa 0-15 in 1 field; Nowata 0-55 in
2 fields; Craig 0-85 in 1 field and 0-140 in 1 field; Ottawa 0-35
in 4 fields; Delaware 0-20 in 2 fields; Mayes O-50 in 1 field;
Rogers 0-170 in 1 field and 50-400 in 1 field. Sorghum heading in
-most fields. Predators (mainly lady beetles) and parasites (mainly
(Lysiphlebus testaceipes) present and greenbug counts appear to
be declining in most fields. S. graminum moderate in sorghum in
Bryan County, light in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
_ARKANSAS - Light in all but one field surveyed in Benton, Carroll,
Madison, and Washington Counties. Benton, Carroll, and Madison
are new county records. Predators and parasites expected to aid in
preventing buildup. Conditions improved, controls declined in Clay
}
County. Heavy rains reduced aphid numbers. Predator and parasite
counts still high in untreated fields, (Boyer).
KANSAS - S. graminum activity decreased. Parasitic wasps,
Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid) in particular, and lady
beetles (primarily Hippodamia convergens) very active in control.
- 473 -
Buildup of beneficial insects too slow in some cases and some
severe damage to sorghum seen: 35-50 percent of plants on 2
Pottawatomie County fields destroyed with severe damage to
remainder; same condition seen in Wabaunsee County field and one
in Riley County. Built up rapidly in southern Marion County with
some economic infestations. Economic populations still found in
Clay, Washington, and Marshall Counties; controls applied. G
Generally light in sorghum over remainder of State; some controls
applied in Harvey and Hamilton Counties. Some greenbug activity
still noted in Lyon, Osage, and Franklin Counties. (Bell).
NEBRASKA - Schizaphis graminum peaked in most grain sorghum in
Nemaha and Johnson Counties. Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testace-
ipes increased; in 10 fields, parasitism ranged 20-95 percent,
heaviest in early planted sorghum. Some borderline infestations
economic with 2-3 lower leaves dead or dying. About 10,000 acres
treated in Nemaha County past 14 days. S. graminum near economic
level in Lancaster, Platte, and Seward Counties. Ranged 100-1,500
per lower leaf; parasitism about 1-5 percent. Flights heavy.
Alates reinfested Saunders County field 6-7 days after treatment.
All alates in first and second instars; ranged 50-250 per plant
in whorls and lower leaves. Most late sorghum in southeast and
east districts heavily infested. (Roselle et al.). Small
colonies seen on scattered sorghum plants in Adams County.
(Swanson). Light in southwest area, increased week ending July
14. About 40 percent of plants with 1-3 colonies (up to 200
greenbugs) per plant noted. No serious damage seen. (Campbell1@.
MISSOURI - S. graminum populations declined in all areas checked.
(Munson). IOWA — Ranged 30-360 per plant on forage sorghum in
Polk and Story Counties. Averaged 260 per plant with 100 percent
of lower leaves discolored or lost in Polk County field. Most
fields show no economic damage. Mummies ranged 22-30 per plant.
Parasitism ranged 7-29 (average 22) percent. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
INDIANA - Infestation in grain sorghum noted in Tippecanoe, Parke,
Vigo, Clay, Greene, Dubois, and Spencer Counties. Economic in
Parke County, possibly in Vigo County. Controls applied. These
are all first records of infestations on sorghum. (Matthew).
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Continued erratic
in alfalfa. Averaged 1 per sweep but increased to 2-3 per sweep
in some fields in southwest. Much yellowing in some alfalfa on
sandy soils in Sauk, Dane, and Iowa Counties; up to 40 per sweep
in some of these fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO - Threatening (3
per sweep) in mixed clover and timothy in Athens County field and
2 per sweep in Fairfield County alfalfa field. Counts per 50 sweeps
of alfalfa by county: Licking 60, Vinton 45, Perry 30, Wayne 8.
(Fox). MARYLAND - Nymphs and adults ranged 5-30 per sweep in
alfalfa in Frederick, Carroll, and Prince Georges Counties.
Yellowing still evident in several fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - Averaged 3 adults per sweep in alfalfa ready to cut in
Montgomery County; few nymphs present. (Pienkowski).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Up to 400
per sweep damaged 300 acres of seed alfalfa in Dixie Valley,
Pershing County. Chemical controls ineffective on this nonresistant
variety; seed yield reduced 75 percent. (Stitt). KANSAS - Light,
30-60 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa field in Nowata County, 20 per 10
sweeps in Tulsa and Washington Counties. Light in Wagoner County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Generally low in alfalfa in north-
west area. Ranged 0-200 per 100 sweeps in Washington County. Heavy
rain, improving moisture conditions, expected to check infesta-
tions. (Boyer). - ATA
TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - KENTUCKY - Percent damage by
county based on 100 plants checked: Jessamine 1, Grant 3,
Gallatin 4, Garrard 2, Pulaski 6.5, Lincoln 7, Boyle 2, Henry
1.5, Carroll 2.5, and Casey 7 percent. No significant damage
incurred on tobacco in Trimble County. Most tobacco in stage
5 or 6. (Barnett).
_ CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - COLORADO - D. virgifera
(western corn rootworm) adults emerged in Akron area of Washington
County. (Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - D. virgifera damage heavy in
untreated cornfield in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
NEBRASKA - D. virgifera and D. longicornis (northern corn root-
'worm) heavy locally near Mead, Saunders County, in untreated
corn. Lodging severe in some fields. (Hill). Several scattered,
locally heavy infestations in Chase and Perkins Counties in areas
with heavier soils under center pivot irrigation systems. Some
control failures reported. (Campbell).
WISCONSIN - First apparent damage by Diabrotica spp. at Arlington
Experimental Farm in Columbia County July 12 following storm;
lodged corn plants seen in several fields in southern counties
Since then. Field in Grant County had 28 percent lodged plants.
Large numbers of adults will not be apparent in corn for 2-3
weeks. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Adults emerging in central
and western sections; expected to emerge in northern section this
period. Beetles cut off silks of corn in central area field.
Pollination just begun, silk feeding will be critical next 3-5
days. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - D. longicornis adults light
through southern districts in cornfields or in Sweeps of roadside
weeds. (Meyer). Adults still in soil in Randolph County. (Turpin).
OHIO - D. longicornis adults averaged 5 per silk in Van Wert
County field. Much “"goosenecking" seen. (Fox).
DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - MARYLAND —- Adult and
larval infested ears ranged 10-30 percent in fresh market corn
in Queen Annes, Dorchester, and Wicomico Counties. Light to
moderate damage to process corn expected next 14 days. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.).
A SUGARCANE WEEVIL (Nicentrus saccharinus) - FLORIDA - Collected
4 larvae and 1 adult by Sweeping goosegrass (Eleusine indica)
during special survey at Miami Shores, Dade County, July I3.
(Pierce). Reported as new United States record in CEIR 32(27) :
431. (PP).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Second adult
flight begun in most areas of Sussex County. Few fresh egg masses
on corn and peppers. (Burbutis, Kelsey). MARYLAND - Remained
light to moderate on corn in Kent, Queen Annes, Dorchester, and
Wicomico Counties. Infested stalks ranged 10-70 (averaged 40)
percent. Moth emergence expected to continue next 10-15 days.
Infestations in central area ranged 10-90 (averaged 50) percent.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae in 20 percent of
whorls of field corn in Ohio County. (Hacker).
OHIO - Number of plants infested by O. nubilalis per 50 plants
checked by county: Pike 20, Jackson 16, Meigs 5, Washington zero,
Morgan 18, Perry 13, Fairfield 12, Licking 2, Pickaway 14. (Fox).
- 475 -
MICHIGAN - O. nubilalis larvae heavier in field corn than in any
recent year in Ingham, Eaton, and Shiawassee Counties. Most larvae
established in stalk or deep in whorl. Growers in more northern
counties should check corn for egg masses or small larvae. (Ruppel
et al.). WISCONSIN - Pupation of first generation begun. Second
moth flight expected July 24-29; peak flight should occur in
about 21-28 days, depending on weather. Large number of first-
generation moths still taken in blacklight traps in eastern
counties where development slower, apparently due to effect of
Lake Michigan on temperatures. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - First
pupa observed in Polk County July 19. Development appears 7-14
days behind average. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Larvae light in
southeast area corn. (Jones). Egg masses averaged 11 per 100
plants in northwest area. (Munson).
CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghum
in soft dough stage in Glasscock County, averaged 2-8 per sorghum
head in "hot-spots" and 0-1 per sorghum head in other areas of
field. Damage reported on grain sorghum from Stonewall, Jones,
Throckmorton, Runnels, Tom Green and Taylor Counties. Sorghum
head infestations averaged 2-4 per head with 20-60 stink bugs
per head in parts of fields. Average of 2 per head is economic in
milk and soft dough stage. Also reported from Stephens and Hamilton
Counties during week ending July 14. Stephens County reported 20+
per -head in two fields; 8-10 per head noted in Hamilton area.
(Neeb et al., July 14). Currently, damage still moderate to heavy
on milo in Jones, Throckmorton, Tom Green, Runnels, and Taylor
Counties in Rolling Plains. Heaviest infestations ranged 2-4 per
head. Decreased in Tom Green and Taylor Counties. Many producers
made 1-2 treatments to control pest. Damaged grain sorghum in
Mitchell County. (Boring, McIntyre).
YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava) - ARKANSAS - Light in some
northwest area fields. An occasional aphid taken in Washington
and Carroll Counties. Survey negative in Benton and Madison
Counties. Carroll County is a new county record. (Boyer).
GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS - Continued potential problem on corn,
soybeans, and hay crops. Presently remain in hay fields and in
fence rows, ditch banks, and roadsides. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.).
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Heavy in several
counties near Denton during past 7 days. Populations seem to be
building up in Rolling Plains area near Vernon. Early midge
infestation seen building up on Johnson grass in that area.
(Turney, Boring, July 14). Counts currently declined in south-
central area, but still threatening to late grain sorghum in
area. Damaged sorghum in several counties. Midges heavy in late
planted sorghum in Johnson, Kaufman, Ellis, Hunt, Collin, and
Denton Counties in north-central area. Light to moderate in Knox,
Baylor, and Archer Counties in Rolling Plains. Infestations
ranged from less than 1 to near 2 midges per head. In southern
South Plains, midges reproducing on grain sorghum. (Cole et al.).
MISSOURI - Adults, 1-4 per head, infested sorghum heading and
blooming in southeast area. (Jones).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - VIRGINIA - Severe
on field corn in large Nansemond County field. (Coggsdale).
- 476 -
_ SMALL GRAINS
WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae damaged
wheat northeast of Sheldon in Cass County. Populations, 5-6 per
square foot, totally destroyed 10 acres in one field. Infestations
'and light damage seen in corn. Damaging infestations of this
species rare in State. (Brandvik).
| PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - COLORADO - Adults
reported in unprecidented numbers in forest near Long Draw
Reservoir of Roosevelt National Forest. In denser woods on north
faces, 500 or more seen in flight in any direction. (Thatcher).
_ TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
| SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) - UTAH - Damage moderate to
sagebrush in some northern range areas, particularly in Box
Elder County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Infested 250+ acres of sage-
brush in Wall Canyon area, Washoe County, and unknown acreage in
Eastgate area, Churchill County, and Shoshone Mountains along
U.S. Highway 50 in Lander County. (Lauderdale).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Adults and
larvae heavy in alfalfa in Dome and Roll Valley, Yuma County.
Growers either cut crops or applied controls. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
NEW MEXICO - Larvae ranged 0-37 per 25 sweeps and caused
considerable damage to alfalfa near Farmington, San Juan County.
(Heninger).
ARMYWORMS - WASHINGTON - Larvae averaged 2 per sweep in alfalfa
seed field north of Pasco, Franklin County; much damage in weedy
| portion of field. Mamestra configurata (bertha armyworm) ,
Amathes c-nigrum (spotted cutworm), Spodoptera praefica (western
yellowstriped armyworm), and unspecified species dominate. S.
| praefica now full grown, left foliage. Autographa californica
(alfalfa looper) and Colias eurytheme (alfalfa caterpillar) also
| present. (Johansen). Le c-nigrum and several other cutworms
damaged alfalfa for seed near White Swan, Yakima County. (Griffin
et al.).
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - UTAH - Larvae damaged some
alfalfa in Cache County. (Burtenshaw). NEW MEXICO - Problem in
alfalfa fields in Farmington area, San Juan County. Heaviest at
Waterflow, adults ranged 4-31 and larvae 0-33 per 25 sweeps.
(Heninger).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy in
alfalfa in Pawnee County. (OKla. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Damaged
alfalfa throughout Jefferson County. Most fields required controls
by Juiy 19. (Gooch).
GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Melanoplus femurrubrum severe threat to
forage in several areas. Hatch continued in southwest and central
areas; populations increased 25 percent over last period. Averaged
20+ per sweep in all alfalfa sampled; counts heavier at some
locations and in some fields. Grasshoppers migrating into tobacco,
Soybeans, and gardens. M. sanguinipes adults heavy in field near
Sauk City, Sauk County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
- 477 -
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - NEW JERSEY -
Heavy in all Warren County alfalfa. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
MASSACHUSETTS - Mined leaflets ranged 25-30 percent in untreated
mature alfalfa stand in Hampshire County. Sample of stems showed
about 40 percent of leaflets mined in 4-week-old stand of
untreated alfalfa in Berkshire County. (Jensen). VERMONT -
Specimens collected from alfalfa at North Hartland, Windsor
County, May 26, 1972, by P. Benedict. Determined by G.C. Steyskal.
This is a new State record. (PP).
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Heaviest
defoliated fields in Queen Annes, Dorchester, Wicomico, and
Somerset Counties ranged 10-20 percent; ranged 20-30 percent in
Prince Georges County with newly emerged adults active. Most
beetle activity subsided on Eastern Shore due to pupation (60
percent). Egg laying expected within next 2 weeks. Second genera—
tion populations expected to be economic in Worcester , Somerset,
Wicomico, Prince Georges, and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Up to 3 adults per row foot in scattered
fields. Damage generally restricted to northeastern counties with
few damaged fields scattered over Robeson County area. (Lowery,
Hunt).
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - NEBRASKA - Heavy, 6-8
beetles per plant, in scattered Dodge County fields. Up to 20
percent defoliation noted. (Novotny).
PEANUTS
REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged up
to 6 per peanut plant in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damage heavier
than 1971 season; 25+ percent of squares damaged on early cotton
in Scotland and Nash County area. Next 14-21 days critical for
control. (Robertson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Emergence of overwintered
weevils about complete. First-generation weevils seen in few
fields. Larval infestations ranged 1-2 percent in treated plots
and 3-9 percent in untreated plots in Florence area. (Taft et
al.). Numerous in Pee Dee and Savannah River areas; light in
Piedmont area. Cotton generally 2-3 weeks late statewide; many
fields still without blooms. (Sparks). TENNESSEE - Punctured
varies ranged 0-20 percent in fields surveyed in central area.
agle).
ALABAMA - A. grandis heavy in south and central areas. Square
infestations generally 10-70 percent. Infestations proportioned
to controls. Infestations in older Marshall County cotton ranged
50-60 percent on 20,000 acres; one of heaviest infestations in
20+vyears. Controls planned. Heavy infestation from overwintered
weevils unusual in mid-July. Heavy in all highland cotton in
De Kalb, Jackson, Morgan, Cullman, Blount, Etowah, and other
counties on 70,000+ acres. First “hatchout" in mountain area
cotton in northern part of State will occur July 25 to August 5;
now occurring in older cotton in Tennessee Valley area. (McQueen).
- 478 -
MISSISSIPPI - First generation of: Anthonomus grandis emerged.
Punctured squares averaged 8 percent in Calhoun, Noxubee, Lowndes,
and Yalobusha Counties; 7 percent in Adams, Amite, Lamar, Lawrence,
Lincoln, Marion, Forrest, Jeff Davis, Pike, Walthall, and Jones
Counties; 3 percent in Bolivar, Coahoma, De Soto, Humphreys,
Sharkey, Sunflower, Tallahatchie, and Washington Counties.
(Robinson). LOUISIANA - Punctured squares found in 47 of 48 plots
in Madison Parish; infestations ranged 3-30 (averaged 16.3)
percent in infested plots. Punctured squares found in 13 of 14
fields; infestations ranged 1-28 (averaged 10.8) percent in 13
fields. In Tensas Parish, punctured squares found in one of two
fields in areas where diapause controls applied in fall 1971;
infestation 7 percent in this field. In untreated areas, 2 fields
checked; infestation 16 percent in one, 23 percent in other. No
weevils found in 2 untreated fields examined by row foot method.
(Cleveland et al.). OKLAHOMA - Percent infestation by county:
Wagoner 4-17, Muskogee 13, Bryan 22, Grady less than 1, Caddo
7-8, Washita 7-8, Jackson 0-19, Harmon 0-25, Greer O-8, and
Tillman 0-3. Light to moderage in Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur. ).
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Eggs, primarily #.
zea, appeared on cotton in Scotland County. (Hunt). SOUTH aa
CAROLINA - H. zea larvae light in most cotton in Florence area;
percent infestation ranged 1-2 in treated plots and 1-2 in
untreated plots. (Taft et al.). H. zea common in cotton through-
out southeast and southwest areas. Light in Dillon and Marlboro
County area. (Sparks). MISSISSIPPI - Heliothis spp. damaged
squares ranged 2-3 percent in Yalobusha, Grenada, Coahoma,
Bolivar, De Soto, Tallahatchie, Washington, Warren Counties.
(Robinson). LOUISIANA - Damaged squares ranged 1-8 (averaged 3)
percent in 35 of 48 plots examined in Madison Parish. Damaged
squares found in 12 of 14 fields examined; ranged 1-5 (averaged
3) percent in infested fields. (Cleveland et al.). OKLAHOMA -
Percent H. zea damaged squares by county: Bryan 7, Muskogee 6,
Wagoner 4, Grady less than 1. In Jackson, Harmon, Greer, and
Kiowa Counties, eggs ranged 1-5 per 100 terminals, small larvae
ranged O-4 per 100 terminals; damaged squares ranged 0-4.5 percent
in Harmon County and O-2 percent in others. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - MISSISSIPPI -
Heavy on approximately 600 acres of cotton in Washington County.
(Robinson, July 15).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA - Adults
light in all cotton fields in Cherokee and Marshall Counties.
These are new county records. Collected by H. Hall and R.1.D.
Murphy. Determined by H.F. McQueen. (McQueen).
CLOUDED PLANT BUG (Neurocolpus nubilis) - ALABAMA - A few
Specimens collected in cotton in Marshall County. This is a new
county record. Collected by R.I.D. Murphy. Determined by H.F.
McQueen. (McQueen).
TOBACCO
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae), - MARYLAND - Increased on
untreated tobacco. Infested plants ranged 2-4 per 10 plants in
Prince Georges and Charles Counties. Populations generally light
to date. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Built up in some
tobacco fields in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick).
- 479 -
GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - KENTUCKY - Heavy on tobacco
at one Pulaski County location. (Barnett).
SUGAR BEETS
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Infestations on
sugar beets lowest for time of year for past 12 years. Develop-
ment of beet yellows minimized in Yakima and Walla Walla Counties.
(Landis).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - MINNESOTA - Outlook
for some sunflower growers not encouraging in certain counties in
Red River Valley. Infested area 10 miles wider than in 1971;
includes southern Polk, western two-thirds of Norman, and northern
Clay Counties. Sunflowers with blossoms ready to open infested
with several hundred small larvae. Most infested sunflower fields
5-6 feet tall. Infestations heaviest in marginal rows. No
effective chemical control known for this pest. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). —
NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae in sunflower heads in Grand Forks, Traill,
and Cass Counties. Infestation not widespread; found only in
advanced fields with heads about one inch or larger. Larval counts
in field borders ranged up to 200 (averaged 11) per head in
infested fields. Heaviest in fields south of Galesburg in Cass
County and east of Grandin in Traill County. (Brandvik).
A FLEA BEETLE (Longitarsus waterhousei) - OREGON - Caused loss of
100 acres of mint near Stayton, Marion County. Adults averaged
472 per sweep before treatment. Decreased to 6 per 100 sweeps
after controls applied. (Berry).
HOP APHID (Phorodon humuli) - WASHINGTON - Populations above
normal and general on hops near Prosser, Benton County. Ranged
50-100 per leaf in some hop yards. (Cone).
HOP LOOPER (Hypena humuli) - WASHINGTON - Second-generation eggs
hatched, larvae moved up hop plants and fed on leaves. Infestation
general in hop-growing area of Yakima Valley; more noticeable than
past 3 years. (Cone).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - WASHINGTON -
Averaged 300 per older leaf in 50-Ieaf sample on hops near
Grandview, Yakima County. Infestation general in hop-growing area
in Yakima Valley; develoved rapidly. Metaseiulus occidentalis
(a phytoseiid mite) on some infested hop leaves; up to
specimens of this predator observed per 50 infested leaves. (Cone).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MAINE -
Problem in most potato-growing areas in State. Fourth-instar
larvae very common in Presque Isle area, Aroostook County. Popula-
tions and number of locations continued to increase. Treatment
made in severely damaged field in Piscataquis County. (Gall).
MARYLAND - Second-generation adults laying eggs throughout State.
Heaviest populations restricted to lower Eastern Shore. Most
potato and tomato acreage protected with scheduled sprays. One
15-acre field in Wicomico County 60 percent defoliated. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). COLORADO - Adults and larvae averaged 6 per 10 sweeps
in potatoes in Fort Collins area, Larimer County. (Hantsbarger) .
- 480 -
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Controls
applied to peppers. Damage remained light but egg laying expected
to increase rapidly with first-generation borers emerging this
period. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
i
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OREGON - Aphids increased
significantly in traps in Chalk Butte, Mitchell Butte, Newell
Heights, and Adrian areas of Malheur County July 10-14. Aphid
movement continued heavy in Adrian and Mitchell Butte areas July
16-21. Growers advised to check fields closely. (Henninger). Very
few nymphs present on potatoes in Klamath Basin, Klamath County.
(Schuh). NEW JERSEY - Light to moderate on peppers in Cumberland
County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
BEANS AND PEAS
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Counts variable on
peas, increased generally. Counts ranged 9-80 per sweep in
Columbia, Green Lake, and Fond du Lac Counties. Reproduction
heavy; expect continued increase next few weeks. Several
thousand acres of peas treated in Fond du Lac and Green Lake
Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) - IDAHO -
Full-grown larvae general in pea and lentil fields in Latah
‘County. Many lentil fields treated to prevent cutting off of
‘]
seed pods. (Portman).
(GENERAL VEGETABLES
EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix fuscula) - OHIO - Adult activity on
eggplant increased 2 to 5-fold past 3 weeks in Wayne County. Up
to 11 adults per plant; damage extensive, killed 15 percent of
plants and 1-2 leaves on 65, percent of remaining plants.
Determined by E.H. Smith. (Fox). ,
i
DETECTION
‘New North American Record - A THRIPS (Scirtothrips inermis) -
CALIFORNIA = Los Angeles County. (p. 4
New State Records - A GRASSHOPPER (Metrioptera toeselii) - NEW
HAMPSHIRE — Nymphs and adults common at Durham, Strafford County,
July 12. Collected and determined by E.K. Ede. ALFALFA LEAF
-BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza fontella) - VERMONT - Windsor County.
mer 478).
‘New County Records - BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea)
ALABAMA - Cherokee, Marshall (p. 479). CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema
-melanopus) NEW YORK - Schuyler (p. 485). CLOUDED PLANT BUG
(Weurocolpus nubilis) ALABAMA - Marshall (p. 479). GREENBUG
(Schizaphis graminum) ARKANSAS - Benton. Carroll, Madison
(p. 473). RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) NEW MEXICO -
Chaves, De Baca (p. 486). YELLOW SUGARCANE APHID (Sipha flava)
ARKANSAS - Carroll (p. 476). cant, ty eee
- 481 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MICHIGAN - Continued steady
increase in orchards without summer controls. Ranged 15-20 per
leaf; heavier in some instances. All stages present, adults and
eggs most numerous. (Thompson). MASSACHUSETTS - Average per leaf
on untreated Red Delicious and McIntosh varieties in Hampshire
County, respectively: eggs 12 and 4; adults 4 and 19. (Jensen).
PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - IDAHO - Second to fourth instar
larvae, 1-5 per leaf, damaged small pear orchard at Wilder,
Canyon County. One adult noted July 10. (Scott). WASHINGTON —
Heavy flight noted July 16 at Yakima, Yakima County. (Landis).
APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Average per terminal
on Red Delicious and McIntosh varieties in Hampshire County,
respectively: Untreated, 281 and 177; alternate row Sprayed,
175 and 30; treated, 5 and 8. (Jensen).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Damaged foliage of
pecan trees in Wilbarger, Wichita, Clay, Baylor, and Throckmorton
Counties. Damage also reported in El Paso, Hudspeth, Reeves,
Ward, Winkler, Ector, and Martin Counties. (Neeb, Boring).
WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Damaged foliage
of pecan trees in Nolan, Taylor, Runnels, and Tom Green Counties.
(Boring).
PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Second-
generation larvae light in pecan orchard in Okfuskee County.
First-generation moths emerged in Tulsa County; no eggs or larvae
found. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - ALABAMA - Larvae caused
first heavy fall of pecan nuts of season under some trees at
Auburn, Lee County. (Bagby).
PECAN SPITTLEBUG (Clastoptera achatina) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in
most orchards over State. Infestations reported from Hinds,
Coahoma, Tallahatchie and Yalobusha Counties. (Neel).
CITRUS
Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-July - CITRUS RUST MITE
(Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 82 (norm 65) percent of groves;
economic in 57 (norm 42) percent. Population much above average
and very high on leaves and fruit. Will continue increase through
July on leaves and through August on fruit, then decrease. High-
est districts south, west, central, and north. TEXAS CITRUS MITE
(Eutetranychus banksi) infested 76 (norm 74) percent of groves;
economic in 55 (norm 52) percent. Population slightly above
normal, near summer peak, and in high range. Decrease expected.
Highest districts central, west, east, and south. CITRUS RED MITE
(Panonychus citri) infested 40 (norm 70) percent of groves;
economic in 10 (norm 42) percent. At the lowest July level in
21 years of record. Population will continue in low range. High-
est districts are south and west. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae)
infested 97 (norm 83) percent of groves; economic in 91 (norm 63)
percent. Population is highest recorded at any time in 21 years
of record. Decrease expected in August. All districts very high:
East, central, south, north, and west. AN AMORED SCALE (Unaspis
citri) infested 38 percent of groves; economic in 22 percent.
- 482 -
Population greater than any prior month. Slight increase expected.
GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 82 (norm 82) percent
of groves; economic in 7 (norm 24) percent. Population below
normal, in moderate range and decreasing. Highest district south.
1972 population lightest since 1962. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii)
infested 72 (norm 75) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 10)
percent. Population below normal and at low or moderate level in
all districts. Decrease expected. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella
citrina) infested 45 (norm 64) percent of groves; none economic,
norm 9 percent. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 41
(norm 60) percent of groves; none economic, norm 8 percent. These
two scales will continue below normal and at low level in all
districts. GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) infested 30 (norm 7) per-
cent of groves; economic in 16 (norm 2) percent. This soft scale
more numerous than any time in 21 years of record. Occurs in east,
central, and south districts. Will persist until cold weather
occurs. WHITEFLIES infested 88 percent of groves; economic in 30
percent. Population above normal and in high range. Little change
predicted. Highest districts east and west. MEALYBUGS infested
77 percent of groves; economic in 22 percent. The summer peak
population occurred in late June. It reached high range but was
below normal. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).
ORNAMENTALS
A THRIPS (Scirtothrips inermis) - CALIFORNIA - Collected on liquid-
amber trees at Long Beach, Los Angeles County, May 25, 1972, by
Edwards and E. Heuer. Determined by K. O'Neill. This is a new
North American record. This thrips, known from the Canary Islands
and Spain, has a large host range including citrus, willow, and
acacia. Survey to determine extent of infestation in area is con-
tinuing. To date, no infestations found on citrus. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).
BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - ARKANSAS - Heaviest
infestations seen in years on untreated evergreen shrubs in
Fayetteville area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Damage heavy (70-90 percent
defoliation) on sycamore trees in scattered areas of southern
Mayes County. Also noted on young black locust in area. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MICHIGAN - Increased
this year in all swamp conifer stands with overmature balsam in
Otsego County. Defoliation obvious in Roscommon County along
State Highway 18 where feeding was heavy. Defoliation increasing
in southeast Cheboygan County where all balsam brown and larvae
heavy. Species will be major pest in Lower Peninsula. (Flink).
JACK PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - MICHIGAN - Infesting
most jack pine stands throughout northern Lower Peninsula. Larvae
heavy in northern Ogemaw County, browning of foliage obvious
throughout most of Crawford County. Damage appears less than in
1971 in southeast Grand Traverse County. (Flink).
COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Much
heavier than previous years on many spruce at residences and in
Christmas tree plantations in and near Auburn, Schuykill County.
(Simons).
- 483 -
REDHEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - ALABAMA - Larvae
heavy on 25 Loblolly pines, 12 to 36 inches high, at golf course
in Linden, Marengo County. Controls applied. (Miller).
FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae
caused 70-80 percent defoliation of maple, oak, and other trees
on 1,900 acres in Dolly Sods area of Tucker County. (Miller).
MICHIGAN - Defoliated several square miles of forest in southwest
Cass County. (Flink).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Damage heavy on foliage
of shade trees in El Paso, Hudspeth, Reeves, Pecos, Winkler,
Ector, and Martin Counties. (Neeb).
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEW MEXICO - Leaves on most
Siberian elms in northern San Juan County skeletonized by heavy
populations. (Heninger).
A LACE BUG (Corythucha confraterna) - CALIFORNIA - Severely damaged(
large sycamore trees on Fort Sutter grounds in Sacramento,
Sacramento County; 300-500 immatures and 15-20 adults per leaf.
Undersides of leaves appear mottled due to excrement. Very hot |
weather caused dessication of leaf tissue and heavy leaf drop.
Trees treated with systemic injection. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,392 confirmed |
cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 9-15. |
Screwworm cases by State as follows: Texas 3,317; New Mexico 11;
Arizona 58; Oklahoma 6. In Texas, one case reported from Shelby
County which borders on Louisiana. Total of 1,252 cases confirmed
in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released this period in U.S.
totaled 156,012,000 as follows: Texas 132,346,000; New Mexico
3,060,000; Arizona 17,116,000; California 600,000; Oklahoma
1,400,000; Louisiana 790,000; Arkansas 700,000. Total of 980,000
sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - VERMONT - Irritated cattle during
recent hot, humid weather. (MacCollom). OHIO - Counts per 10
animals checked by county ranged: Holmes 1-38, Wayne 3-12,
Ashland 20-43. (Heller). KENTUCKY - Averaged 15 per animal on
cattle in Garrard County. (Barnett). ILLINOIS - Increased rapidly
past 2 weeks; annoying pastured cattle. State average 25 per animal
animal, with up to 38 per animal in individual herds. (I11. Ins.
Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Annoyance to cattle moderate to severe in
Outagamie and Chippewa Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Ranged
5-10 per head on untreated beef cattle in Story County, 10-15
per head in Marion County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Unchanged or decreased on herds checked. Ranged 6-14 (averaged 10)
per head on cows, 6-12 (averaged 7) on calves. (DelFosse). UTAH -
Very annoying to horses and cattle in Collinston and East Garland
area, Box Elder County, and Ogden and Hooper area, Weber County.
(Knowlton).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - VERMONT - Remained light; aver-
aged up to 50 per cow. (MacCollom). OHIO - Counts per 10 animals
by county ranged: Holmes 0-12, Wayne 0-2, Ashland 0-60. (Heller).
MISSISSIPPI - Counts 500+ on 75 head of Angus cattle in Oktibbeha
County. Averaged 20+ per head in treated herd of 200 stocker
- 484 -
steers pastured in Clay County. (Robinson). IOWA - Averaged 200
per head on untreated beef cattle in Story County; ranged 250-
350 (average 320) in Marion County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). TEXAS -
Decreased in Rolling Plains area past 7 days. Moderate to heavy
on cattle in Trans-Pecos area. Counts ranged 400-3,000 per animal
on untreated cattle. (Boring, Neeb, July 14). Currently, activity
continued heavy throughout most sections of State. Heavy on live-
stock in south-central area. Moderate to heavy throughout Trans-
Pecos area on cattle. Decreased slightly with hot weather in
Panhandle area near Amarillo, Potter County. (Cole et al.).
OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on cattle in Beaver, Cimarron, Payne,
Pawnee, Craig, Custer, Lincoln, Seminole, Cleveland, Hughes, and
Okfuskee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 500-
3,000 per head on untreated range animals pastured near North
Platte, Lincoln County. (Campbell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Unchanged on
untreated cattle in northern Moody County. Ranged 200-950 per
side (averaged 600) on cows, 10-35 per side (averaged 20) on
calves. (DelFosse). UTAH - Ranged light to very severe on cattle
herds in Cache, Uintah, and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Increased in
southern counties, annoyance to cattle light in most areas; mod-
erate in portions of Outagamie, Rock, and Columbia Counties.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). IOWA - Annoyance light to most beef cattle herds.
Ranged 10-40 per head in Marion and Story Counties. (Iowa Ins.
Sur.). OHIO - Counts per 10 animals checked by county ranged:
Holmes 0-4, Wayne 0-3, Ashland 0-1. (Heller). VERMONT - Numerous
in some areas where manure accumulations not removed. (MacCollom).
MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Very annoying in Logan Canyon and Franklin
Basin, Cache County; at Locomotive Springs and around farms in
Corinne and Tremonton area of Box Elder County, and Delta and
Abraham area of Millard County. (Knowlton). OHIO - Adult counts
increased throughout State due to recent warm weather. (Fox).
MASSACHUSETTS - Much more numerous in urban and suburban areas
over State than 1971 at this time. (Jensen). ALABAMA - Culex
pipiens quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) and other
species heavy throughout State. Controls being planned in
some southern area towns. (Barwood et al.).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
LADY BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - All stages of Hippodamia convergens,
Coleomegilla maculata, and Scymnus spp. in grain sorghum in north-
east area. Ranged up to 5 per plant in some fields. Light in soy-
beans in northeast area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
CEREAL LEAF BEETLE (Oulema melanopus) - NEW YORK - Adults
collected on wheat in Schuyler County May 25 by R.E. Lemaire.
Determined by R.E. White. This is a new county record. (PP).
COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - New
area of infestation found on mulberry and ricepaperplant in
Exeter, Tulare County, 10 miles from Porterville infestation.
Find is result of routine inspection and survey. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.)
- 485 -
GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Camnula pellucida heavy and damaging
on 2,100 acres of game reserve rangeland along lower Klamath River
in Siskiyou County. Treatment planned. (PP). NEVADA - Unspecified
nymphs averaged 10 per square yard in 100 acres of clover and
native hay in Jacks Valley, Douglas County. (Munk). IDAHO -
Economic in all.southern counties and along western border as far
north as Lewiston, Nez Perce County, on Clearwater River. Infes-
tations heavy on estimated 2,500,000 acres. Treatments made on
631,000 acres in Adams, Twin Falls, Gooding, Elmore, Lincoln,
Minidoka, Blaine, and Jerome Counties during June. (Pollard).
UTAH - Winged forms moving from rangeland to cultivated fields
in Box Elder, Cache, and Millard Counties. (Knowlton, Lindsay).
Ranged 2-5 per square yard in Box Elder and Cache Counties with
controls applied at Paradise. (Lindsay, Burtenshaw). NEW MEXICO -
Nymphs averaged 2-9 per 25 sweeps, caused minor damage to alfalfa
in northern San Juan County. Heaviest infestations seen at
Bloomfield. (Heninger).
NEBRASKA - Melanoplus spp. nymphs ranged 8-16 per square yard in
bromegrass field margins, roadside ditches, and terraces in south-
east and eastern districts. (Roselle, Keith, Palmer). NORTH
DAKOTA - Scattered economic infestations in southern McHenry,
northwest McLean, and northwest Sheridan Counties. Up to 40
(averaged 6) per square yard in roadsides and field margins; up
to 15 per square yard in fields. Melanoplus bivittatus,
M. sanguinipes, and M. femurrubrum dominant. (Grasser, July 14).
Averaged less than one per square yard in McKenzie, Billings, and
Golden Valley County rangeland areas. M. sanguinipes (second to
fourth instars) dominant. Rangeland in excellent condition.
(Grasser). MINNESOTA - Late general hatch of Melanoplus
femurrubrum in Pope and eastern Swift Counties. Scattered heavy
roadside counts found; most first instar nymphs. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - INDIANA - Two larvae and one
pupa, all dead, found while spot checking 8,000 trailers arriving
for camporee at Camp Atterbury in central district. Movement of
so many trailers, some from infested areas, caused some concern.
(Meyer). VERMONT - Egg laying begun in Chittenden County.
(MacCollom).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - INDIANA - Adults averaged
1 per 10 linear feet on soybeans in Noble County field. (Clark).
TENNESSEE - Several extensions of known infestations seen in
Bradley, Polk, Hawkins, Roane, Sullivan, and Unicoi Counties.
(Gordon). VIRGINIA - Adults feeding on corn silks in Culpeper
County. (Allen et al.). PENNSYLVANIA - Total of 3,276 adults
taken in bait traps July 7-14 in College Station, Centre County.
(Adams). Adults heavy in Darlington, Beaver County, July 15.
(Carter). NEW YORK - Adults active in Lake George area, Warren
County. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt., July 17). VERMONT - Adult emergence
delayed, but now increasing in Burlington area of Chittenden
County. (MacCollom).
RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Larvae
collected on rangeland in Chaves County June 20 and on roadside
gama grass in De Baca County July 7 by M.R. Perry. Determined
by D.M. Weisman. These are new county records. (PP).
SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ILLINOIS - Collected
from soybeans in Washington County July 17 by D.I. Edwards.
Determined by A.M. Golden. This is a new county record. (PP).
- 486 -
ITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Adults
feeding on peanut foliage on 50-acre field near Webb, 40-acre
field at Wicksburg, and 80 acres of peanuts at Cottonton in:
Houston County. Controls necessary. (Roney, Wilson). First adult
of season taken July 10 at old infestation in Guntersville.
(Murphy).
| HAWAII INSECT REPORT
‘Corn - CORN LEAFHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) moderate in 5 acres of
field corn at Kilauea, Kauai; moderate in whorls of 5 acres of
‘sweet corn at Kaumakani. Negligible in 5 acres of sweet corn at
Waianae, Oahu; less than 10 percent of plants infested. Nymphs
‘and adults of Tytthus mundulus (cane leafhopper egg sucker)
‘common amid P. maidis infestation in Kilauea planting; nil in
other 2 plantings. (Sugawa, Kawamura). CORN EARWORM (Heliothis
zea) heavy in 5 acres of sweet corn at Waianae; 85 percent of
mature ears with one or more larvae. Chemical control only
occasionally employed in this planting. (Kawamura).
General Vegetables - ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) light to
moderate in several fields of green onion at Waianae, Oahu; heavy
in recently abandoned 0.1 acre planting. Although population of
T. tabaci has been generally light to moderate and sporadic
in green onions on Oahu, incidence generally increased and became
widespread throughout island during the first half of year. BEAN
FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) heavy in yard planting of long beans
at Wailuku, Maui; 100 percent of petioles infested. (Ah Sam).
BLACK CITRUS APHID (Toxoptera aurantii) moderate on scattered
lemon trees in 5-acre community garden at Kaumakani, Kauai. Two
CITRUS SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio xuthus) larvae collected from this
host situation first week of July. Adult of P. xuthus collected
in late June from lime tree at Poipu, Kauai, for new island
record; discovery of these 2 larvae may indicate widespread
establishment of this pest on Kauai. (Sugawa).
Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis
indomita) light under bark of 80 kiawe trees at Hickam Air Force
Base, Oahu; heavy infestation reported at this location in late
June (CEIR 22(27):431).Ligght trap collections first 2 weeks of
July indicate marked decrease in adult population at Halawa,
Oahu; averaged 46 per week. Weekly average for July from this
trap 200+. (Kumashiro, Otsuka).
Miscellaneous Pests - GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) - On
Hawaii, following period of heavy rainfall, first of 3 planned
aerial drops of snail bait made at Kahaluu, Kona, during June.
Snail activity during June nil at Poipu and Wahiawa, Kauai, due
to very dry conditions. (Yoshioka, Sugawa).
CORRECTIONS
CEIR 22(29):451 - Number 28 in upper right corn r sh d
Number 29. (PP). PP g er should read
- 487 -
TRAP COLLECTIONS
LIGHT
71
183 | 276
53 | 261
13
16
4
FLORIDA
Gainesville 7/14-20
IOWA
Beaconsfield 7/7-13
Dubuque 7/7-13
Wapello 7/7-13
KANSAS
Garden City 7/17-19
Great Bend 7/14-20
Manhattan 7/20
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- 488 -
Crookston 7/12-18
Fergus Falls 7/12-18
Worthington 7/12-18
MINNESOTA
Washington 7/14-20
MISSISSIPPI (County)
Sharkey 7/15-21
MISSOURI (County)
Pemiscot 7/17-20
Lincoln 7/20
Plymouth 7/13
Scottsbluff 7/20
NEBRASKA
6I-€1/L etusuozey
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489
Weather of the week continued from page 472.
Light thundershowers brought little relief from heat, humidity,
and atmospheric pollution. Afternoon temperatures reached the
high 80s and low 90s from the Great Lakes to Texas and eastward
to the Atlantic Ocean. Minimum temperatures were mostly in the
70s. Patches of light fog dotted the eastern third of the Nation
on most mornings and the rising sun was reddish orange due to
pollutants in the air. The Far Southwest continued hot with
temperatures exceeding 100 degrees every afternoon at some
locations. The Southwest was not quite so hot as during the
previous week; however, the quasi stationary front stretched |
from the Great Lakes to the Texas Panhandle early in the week.
Temperatures north of the front were quite comfortable, generally
reaching the 70s in the afternoons. This front disappeared about
midweek as the Bermuda High spread westward and on Thursday
afternoon 90-degree heat spread to the central Great Plains.
Montana and North Dakota were in cool air. Temperatures there
ranged from the 40s in the mornings to the 70s and 80s on Monday ~— |
and Tuesday and the 60s on Wednesday. The coolest weather occurred(
in the high Rockies where on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings the
mercury dipped to 34 degrees. The Bermuda High moved westward
reaching the lower Mississippi River Valley by the weekend and |
continued to bring hot, sultry weather to the eastern half of
the Nation. Arctic air cooled the West. Montana and nieghboring |
States were especially cool averaging 6 to 18 degrees cooler
than normal.
- 490 -
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VOL. 22 No. 31 August 4 1972
j7
AP
Cooperative
EConomic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this releasem
including the mailing list, should beysequmuo-
CEIR
Economic Insect Survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Jolume 22 August 4, 1972 Number 31
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
ARMYWORM outbreak reported on grasses in Georgia. Damage to
ria other crops reported from other areas. (p. 493). Moth
collections heavy in some areas. (pp. 508-509). FALL ARMYWORM
also damaging grasses in Georgia and Mississippi. (p. 498).
GREENBUG increased on sorghum in South Plains and Trans—Pecos
areas of Texas, southwest Kansas, and Arkansas Valley of Colorado.
Parasites effective in some areas. POTATO LEAFHOPPER increased on
}
\CORN ROOTWORM adults emerging; feeding on corn silks reported.
\Second-brood EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg laying underway. Copp a426-
497).
BOLL WEEVIL infestations increased on cotton in South Carolina and
Georgia, remain heavy in southern and central Alabama. (pp. 499-
501).
i
f
PEAR RUST MITE near outbreak level on pears in southwest Oregon;
junusually heavy in many pear-growing areas of California. Go5 S08).
j
DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH widespread on Douglas-fir in central
Washington. SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE reaching epidemic proportions
throughout Alabama. (p. 504).
Detection
An ARMORED SCALE reported for first time in Florida. (p. 498).
For new county and parish records see page 502.
‘Special Reports
Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to Grain Corn in
the United States in 1971. (pp. 510-511).
‘Khapra Beetle. Selected References 1970. (pp. 5251153)
Reports in this issue are for week ending July 28 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 491 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance. ........++s.e+-eeeeee 493
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..... 496 Potatoes, Tomatoes,
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland....498 PEPPEL'S). Fab. oss oe ohereeeMene .002
Forage Legumes..............-. 498 Beans and Peas........... 002
SHOWN > oagobdcccatdundoodoodK 499 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..503
COME OMI PIN asics Chase tetenchomamelenelfoNetclie A499) \CLELUSIAL Ake. svoleveneotoneenemene . 003
OWA C COMMU aie a Rieu Tretellenoutcreiteu eee 501 Ornamentals........ Aaoiries lob oro ho 503
SUieeie IESUS 6 ooescococdadcadoce 501 Forest and Shade Trees..... 503
Miscellaneous Field Crops....501 Man and Animals........... .004
DSC CE TOM eg heitered tiara eke eles isvlate ep ei lavver shattetesestte ra: ois dleyer-an etkobayielisizeltetelte ene aeneme MeRememe Melts 502
Beneficial Insects..... eibeieleh stevia ldchtan sal Toblette: Sohibire fel tol seh eke al fat. o! deltch o: SOc MeMOne ene tee Nell MtamS 505
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs DES RD RO cepa Beni e Be 505 |
HAWAII SS CEPR EG POM trteeretone rere ileal o) citeiteney lela elie: otrettohlel = vet ionte ou se OR Re 507
Lei oht “Drap (Col LSC GaOms 55. ie los eles tet) lesosihre dertat wiveuseh che Fok steal ones een tcc hone ena 508
Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer
To Grain /Corh in- theUni ted) States” inglOMmilee. 135 fe eo eee .510
Khapra Beetle, Selected References 1970...........cccecrcccccecs -o12
Weather O€£ Che WeESK shag cn cc isiiels, winerveue: Beleres 8; eeu eiid loiieiike: witegoceinanteoenroil cate Hten meme nea 514
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
AUGUST 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for August is for
temperatures to average below seasonal normals from the Continental
Divide to the Appalachians. Above normal temperatures are indicated
for the western quarter of the Nation and also the middle and north
Atlantic coast. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect.
Rainfall is expected to exceed normal from eastern portions of the
central and southern Plains, through the middle Mississippi and
Ohio Valleys to the Northeast. Subnormal totals are indicated for
central and southern portions of the Pacific coast and the Inter-
mountain Region. In unspecified areas, near normal totals are
expected.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day ''Resume
and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather
Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents,
Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
- 492 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - GEORGIA - Outbreak first noted
July 18 in southern area; had moved as far north as Carroll
County by July 30. Infestations heavy but spotty on corn and
Coastal Bermuda grass pastures. Corn leaves being stripped to
midrib as high as ear level and in some instances to tassel level.
‘Outbreak this late in season unprecidented in State during past
-20 years. (Jordan), Decreasing in south-central area; damaged
“millet in Monroe and Fayette Counties. (Tippens et al.). ALABAMA -
Heavily damaged 30-acre field of Coastal Bermuda grass in Blount
'County. Controls applied. Undetermined species heavy in several
large Coastal Bermuda grass fields at Midway, Bullock County, and
at Smiths Station, Lee County. (Loyd, Dyar, Alley). P. unipuncta
and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) ranged 2-10 per whorl
in young home garden corn in Lee County. (McQueen). FLORIDA -
'P. unipuncta larvae heavy, damaged stand of Coastal Bermuda grass
‘at Jasper, Hamilton County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Heavy damage to corn still reported in Hyde and Tyrrell County
area. About 40 acres stripped near Fairfield, Hyde County. Damage
most likely in fields with or near heavy grass, particularly fall
panicum. (Van Duyn).
MAINE - Additional P. unipuncta infestations and damage reported,
mostly in central area. Increasing northward. (Gall). NEW
HAMPSHIRE - Heavily damaged about 25 acres of timothy at
Kensington, Rockingham County; larvae killed by disease. Damaged
corn at Stoddard, Cheshire County. Larvae ranged 10-12 per square
foot in hayfield at Stratham, Rockingham County. (Bowman). OHIO -.:
Total of 5,777 moths taken in blacklight trap at Wooster, Wayne
County, June 14-20, (Fox). MICHIGAN - Damaged scattered fields
of corn, small grains, and grasses in Bay, Arenac, Genesee,
Saginaw, Tuscola, Luce, Menominee, and Montcalm Counties. (Newman).
WISCONSIN - Moths heavy at some blacklight trap sites. Larval
buildup possible in small corn and Sudan grass for livestock feed.
One Marinette County cornfield heavily infested week ending July
21; larvae apparently migrated from adjacent infested grassy pea-
field. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae in 40 percent of
oatfields checked in Clay and Turner Counties. Below economic
levels; averaged one per 5 square feet. (Kantack).
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moth counts increased;
spray protection now needed on sweet corn at 3-day intervals,
except from central area northward. Increase expected to continue
during August. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Infestations in
corn for canning ranged below 5 percent in Kent, Queen Annes,
Dorchester, and Wicomico Counties. Counts and damage expected to
increase rapidly. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Larvae infested
Sweet corn in southern tidewater regions. Survey of 15 fields of
field corn showed 14.5 percent of ears in all fields infested.
Percent infestation by county: Dinwiddie 16, Sussex 28, Southamp-
ton 5, Isle of Wight 18, Nansemond 4; no larvae detected in Prince
George County. Moth flights very light and corn maturing in area.
(Allen). KENTUCKY - Damaged whorls of late corn in Warren County.
(Barnett). KANSAS - Ear infestations in silking field corn in
Sedgwick County ranged 90-95 percent; some sweet corn in Shawnee
County showed about 10 percent ear infestation. (Bell).
MISSISSIPPI - Larvae averaged 15 per 100 corn ears in 40 acres in
Pontotoc County, 25 per 100 ears in 27 acres in Amite County; 250
acres of sorghum treated in Madison County for whorl infestations.
(Robinson).
- 493 -
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ARIZONA - Heavy in sorghum
at Sulfur Springs Valley, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ri
TEXAS - Light to moderate on sorghum in El Paso, Hudspeth, Reeves,
Pecos, Midland, and Glasscock Counties in Trans-—Pecos area. |
Generally distributed throughout most of High Plains area near 4
Amarillo. Populations began to decline. Beneficial species heavy |
in High Plains. (Neeb, Clymer). MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in 800 acres |
of sorghum in Madison County. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA —- Ranged 50-
300 per plant in most sorghum checked in panhandle counties;
ranged 500-1,000 per plant in occasional fields. Averaged 500 per
plant in Tillman County. Heavy in Jackson, Kiowa, Greer, and
Harmon Counties, light in Washita and Caddo Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). KANSAS - Light to moderate in sorghum in south-central and
southwest districts; heavy in occasional fields in Reno and Seward
Counties. (Bell). ‘
WISCONSIN - R. maidis decreased on corn tassels due to heavy
rains. Some found in silks and at bases of plants. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). ILLINOIS - Light on corn. Control not necessary. Lady
beetles and flower bugs numerous in many fields helping hold
aphids in check. (Ins. Bull.). INDIANA - Heaviest on corn grown
for grain in southeast district; infestation ranged 4-88 percent
in all 12 fields checked; aphids ranged 1-100 per infested plant.
Corn mostly in early to late whorl stages; some tasseled. Single
infested field found in south-central district; 3 fields infested
of 7 checked in southwest district. Counts lower in south-central
and southwest districts; maximum averaged 42 per infested plant.
(Meyer).
OHIO - R. maidis ranged light to heavy in most field corn in south-
west and west-central areas. Counts heaviest where corn in late
whorl stage; 90-100 percent of plants in this stage in Darke,
Clinton, Warren, and Auglaize Counties with heavy counts. (Fox).
MARYLAND - Very light to date on corn Statewide. Moderate on
stalks and tassels in several isolated fields in Wicomico and
Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Continued to build up in
grain sorghum in most South Plains counties; ranged light to
heavy. In northern Panhandle, populations generally light across
area with heaviest infestations in older fields. Some fields in
Collingsworth, Donley, Castro, Deaf Smith, and Parmer Counties
may need controls. Beneficial species generally moderate to heavy
with more parasitic wasp activity observed daily. S. graminum
moderate in irrigated grain sorghum in Knox County. Activity
increased in Trans-—Pecos area. Heaviest activity found in fields
in soft to hard dough stage. Counts ranged 2-5 colonies per leaf,
ranged 25-900 aphids per colony. (McIntyre et al.). ARKANSAS -
Infestations continued at low level in northeast area. Predators
and parasites held aphid counts at low level. S. graminum feeding
signs seen on sorghum in northwest area, predators and parasites
held numbers to low level. (Boyer).
OKLAHOMA - S. graminum counts per sorghum plant by county: Beaver
40-800, Texas 50-1,500, Cimarron 20-200. Heaviest counts usually
in fields in boot stage or beginning to head. Parasites and
predators present in all fields, but numbers low. Scattered
fields treated. Greenbug light in most corn checked in area.
Averaged 100 per plant in grain sorghum in Tipton area, Tillman
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Some significant increases
of S. graminum occurred in some southwest counties, especially
- 494 -
‘n Grant, Haskell, and Finney Counties. Few economic infestations
seen; however, fields in area will need frequent checking. Declined
‘n sorghum in Washington and Marshall Counties as parasitic wasps
tontinued to increase; some decrease attributed to recent heavy
‘ains. Some S. graminum economic infestations and/or treatments
eported in Chase, Dickinson, Barton, Pawnee, Reno, Harvey, and
Stafford Counties. Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a
yraconid) moderate to heavy in most areas Surveyed except south-
vest district. Scattered fields of young sorghum showed significant
stand loss (up to 50 percent) along with severe damage to remain-
ing plants by S. graminum in Washington County and in one Marion
county field. Greenbug counts on corn in fields in Jackson County
eo decreased following heavy rains; about 1 winged aphid per
“7 aa a
25 plants and few very young offspring found. (Bell). COLORADO -
Increased rapidly in untreated sorghum in Arkansas Valley; ranged
J-1,000+ per plant. (Schweissing).
NEBRASKA - Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes ranged 10-95
gercent. Most sorghum fields out of danger as result of parasites
and predators. S. graminum noneconomic in western area. (Keith).
IOWA - Declined on grain and forage sorghums. Parasitism increased
to 25-percent level in 2 fields of forage sorghum in Story County.
(Iowa Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - S. graminum building up again in
milo. (Kantack). NORTH DAKOTA - Damaged wheat and barley in boot
stage in localized area south of Elliott, Ransom County. Damage
100 percent 2 rods along edges and ends of fields. Counts 3,000
per 100 sweeps in damaged areas of fields. Controls applied to
most severely damaged fields. (Brandvik).
‘POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) —- OHIO - Increased 2 to 5-fold
‘in west-central hay fields due to hot, humid weather past 14 days.
Adults and nymphs economic in following counties: Preble
(alfalfa), 5 per sweep; Darke (red clover), 35 per 50 sweeps;
Butler (alfalfa), 3 per sweep; Mercer (alfalfa), 2-3 per sweep,
Butler (clover-timothy), 1-2 per sweep, Logan (clover-timothy), 7
‘per 50 sweeps. Yellowing occurred in Darke and Butler alfalfa
fields. Late instars heavy and damaging Muskingum County alfalfa.
(Flessel, Fox). WISCONSIN - Generally low, 2-3 per sweep, in south-
west area alfalfa; some sandy soiled fields ranged 590-75 per
‘sweep. Yellowing increased in these Peds GWas . wlM'S!. a SUIC 5) ye
‘MARYLAND - Unchanged in alfalfa; heaviest counts ranged 10-25 per
‘sweep in border areas of fields in Baltimore, Montgomery, and
Frederick Counties. Remained light in snap beans, ranged 2-95 per
‘sweep in Carroll, Prince Georges, Queen Annes, and Dorchester
Mounties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
‘SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Infested
about 900 acres of seed alfalfa in Dixie Valley of Churchill and
‘Pershing Counties; ranged 20-100 per sweep. These infestations
‘are in addition to 300 acres reported in CEIR DI(3 0) 44 CS et)
COLORADO - Ranged 0-100 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Pueblo,
“rowley, Otero, Bent, and Prowers Counties. (Schweissing).
OKLAHOMA - Heavy in scattered alfalfa fields in Okfuskee County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Light on alfalfa, 0-200 per 100
sweeps, in northwestern area. Expect increase if current hot,
dry weather continues. (Boyer). KANSAS - Serious, economic or
| bordering on economic, in alfalfa in Sedgwick County. Averaged
about 4 per trifoliate leaf in field of 7-inch alfalfa; up to 30
on some lower leaflets. Little leaf shed noted but some yellowing
of lower leaves seen. In another field just cut, large number of
aphids seen on ground, especially beneath windrows; green stubble
- 495 -
often solidly covered with aphids, especially bordering windrows.
(Bell). WISCONSIN - Increased on alfalfa in sandier soiled region
of western Dane County and southern Sauk County. Up to 300 per
sweep in some fields; average nearer 50 per sweep. Alates about
:
10 percent of population. Counts per individual stem ranged 10-15.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).
TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - KENTUCKY - This species and
Heliothis spp. damaged tobacco. Percent damage by county, based
on examination of 100 plants per location: Franklin 10, Green 15,
Scott 1, Adair 10, Metcalfe 8.5, Warren 3, Marion 8. (Barnett).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - TEXAS - D. virgifera (western
corn rootworm) heavy Locally in corn in Dallam County near
Texline. Adults emerged, damage heavy to corn silks. Controls
applied. (Hills). OKLAHOMA - Light numbers of D. virgifera adults
emerged in most corn checked in Cimarron and Texas Counties.
Light numbers of D. undecimpunctata howardi (southern corn root-
worm) seen in Texas, Cimarron, and Beaver Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). KANSAS - Some severe root damage by Diabrotica spp. seen
in untreated corn in Nemaha and Sedgwick Counties. Severe silk
feeding by D. virgifera adults resulted in very poor pollination
in field in Sedgwick County. Adults ranged 1-11 per plant in
silking corn in Doniphan County, 1-5 per plant in Brown and Nemaha
Counties. (Bell). MISSOURI - D. virgifera larval damage observed
in Pettis County; lodging averaged 2 percent. Adults averaged 5
per plant. (Thomas). D. virgifera adults collected in Cole,
Franklin, Gasconade, and Osage Counties. These are new county
records. (Munson).
NEBRASKA - D. virgifera and D. longicornis (northern corn root-
worm) caused light damage to about 30 percent of fields in corn
for 3 or more years in Dawson County. Counts heaviest for past 5
years. Adult emergence slower than usual. Averaged 2-3 adults
per plant in heaviest infested fields; increase continued.
(Pruess). Diabrotica spp. adults ranged 1-4 per plant in most
fields checked in Lancaster County. Beetles ranged 2-15 per plant
with 2-6 per silk in Seward County field. (Berogan). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Diabrotica spp. damaged treated and untreated corn over infested
area. Larval development well advanced; some adults emerged.
(Kantack).
ILLINOIS - Diabrotica spp. becoming numerous as emergence
continues. (ins. Bull.). IOWA - Adults emerging, silk feeding
has necessitated treatment in pollinating corn in southwest area.
(Iowa Ins. Sur.). OHIO - D. longicornis adults emerged in Hancock,
Wayne, Sandusky, Wyandot, Morrow, Darke, and Warren Counties.
Corn silks in pollinated fields should be checked closely for
clipping. (Musick, Fox). MARYLAND - First D. longicornis adults
of season feeding on corn silks in Harford and Kent Counties;
noneconomic. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Moth
catches increased sharply; represents beginning of second flight.
Egg masses found on young sweet corn plantings. Some hatch will
occur before August 1, but major hatch expected after this date.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). DELAWARE - Adults increased in blacklight
traps in Sussex County; ranged 13-31 per night. Egg masses on
field corn in central Sussex County averaged 13 per 100 plants;
- 496 -
resh masses on peppers in most areas. Pupation of first generation
in corn averaged 70 percent. (Burbutis, Kelsey). MARYLAND -
strinia nubilalis egg laying increased rapidly in Kent, Queen
Annes, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester Counties. Ranged 10-15
Pes masses per 100 plants; ranged 2-5 per 100 plants in Prince
Seorges and Montgomery Counties. Pupation 80 percent on Eastern
Shore, 50 percent in central counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DHIO —~ Percent infestation of field corn by late O. nubilalis
larvae and pupae by county (50-100 plants per county): Fayette
24, Darke 14, Highland 12, Auglaize 10, Brown 8, Clinton 4.
Infestation 20 percent in Clinton County sweet corn. (Fox).
ILLINOIS - Second-generation moths laying eggs in southern area.
Moth emergence underway in central area, egg laying just begun.
Moth emergence just beginning in northern area. Egg laying will
beak in 10 days in central area, about 14 days in northern area.
gg laying will continue about 14-21 days. Gnse ball:
INDIANA - No infestations observed in southwest district; single
infested field seen in south-central district with 4 percent
infestation; 2 infested fields with 8 percent infestation seen
lin southeast district. Total of 23 fields checked. Mor tality
appears to have been heavy in these districts and in other fields
examined . (Meyer).
i
‘IOWA - O. nubilalis moths emerging. Larvae averaged 2,500 per
lacre in 32 study fields in Boone County. If present weather
fgeenos continue, about 50 percent of larvae expected to pupate
‘and contribute to second brood. (Brindley). NEBRASKA - First brood
damaged 8-40 percent of plants in fields checked in Seward and
Lancaster Counties. (Berogan). SOUTH DAKOTA - In infested fields
‘near Centerville, Turner County, 95 percent of larvae in last
instar; averaged 1.5 per stalk. Pupation begun; some adults
emerged. Infested 80 percent of stalks in fields checked near
‘Howard, Miner County; larvae just entering stalks. Many small
larvae present. Conditions similar in southeast Jerauld County.
Averaged 2 larvae per stalk in Miner County; ranged 3-4 per stalk
in Jerauld County, with about 100 percent of stalks infested.
(Kantack).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA -
Heavy in sorghum in Wayne and Telfair Counties. (Deal, McKinnon,
July 22). ALABAMA - Larvae damaged several fields of grain
‘sorghum in Houston County, fields replanted. (Roney) .
‘SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - TEXAS -
Increased in corn in Castro and Parmer Counties, some treatments
applied. (Clymer).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MARYLAND - First larvae
of season damaged 6 percent of 20-acre stand of late planted corn
fin Carroll County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Infested grain sorghum
in Taylor, Jones, and Knox Counties in Rolling Plains; ranged
2-3 adults per head in heavily infested fields. (Boring).
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Damaging numbers
noted in grain sorghum in Jones, Knox, and Baylor Counties in
Rolling Plains. Producers in area should inspect grain sorghum as
it begins to bloom to determine need for controls. (Boring).
- 497 -
MISSISSIPPI - Contarinia sorghicola continued to develop on
Johnson grass with some movement into sorghum noted. Emergence
from Johnson grass in Oktibbeha County from June 26 through July
24 showed average of 27 midges per head with up to 150 from
single heads. (Ross).
BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Light to heavy
in grain sorghum fields in Knox County. Heaviest infestations in
fields sprayed several times to control other pests. Light in
several northern Panhandle counties; activity remains moderate in)
Trans—Pecos area near El Paso. No activity detected in Pecos and |
Reeves Counties. (Clymer et al.). Infested corn in Castro County
in High Plains area. No damaging populations found. (Clymer).
OKLAHOMA - Moderate on lower 1-3 leaves in 1 of 5 cornfields
checked in Texas County and 1 of 2 fields in Cimarron County.
Light on lower leaves of scattered plants in Beaver County field.
killa. ‘Coop. Suck)
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
light in Hampton, Barnwell, Calhoun, and Saluda Counties; most
feeding on Coastal Bermuda grass. First report of season.
(Thomas). GEORGIA - Destroyed foliage of Coastal Bermuda grass
hayfields in Burke and Greene Counties. Very heavy in field of
young sorghum in Wilcox County. (French). MISSISSIPPI - First
damaging infestations reported in 70 acres of hybrid grasses |
grown for pasture and hay in Amite County and in 75 acres in [
Leake County. (Robinson).
i
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae |
SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) - NEVADA - Severely damaged
big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in Long Valley area, Washoe
County; some damaged areas ranged 750-1,000 acres. (Heise).
BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - UTAH - Damage to
lawns more general and common throughout Salt Lake County. Damage
continued to spread in Davis County. (Knowlton, Burningham).
WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Damaged range
grass in Sheyenne National Grasslands, Richland County. Popula-
tions of 10-12 grubs per square foot completely consumed roots
of native grasses. (Mulkern).
AN ARMORED SCALE (Chortinaspis subchortina) - FLORIDA - Collected
on centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides) at Pensacola,
Escambia County, July 12 by D. Mullins. Determined by G. W. Dekle.
This is a new State record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
GRASSHOPPERS - KENTUCKY - Adults and nymphs averaged 79 per 100
Sweeps in roadside grasses and pastures in Warren and Barren
Counties. (Barnett).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW YORK - Adults ranged up to
350 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at Ithaca, Tompkins County, July
14-24, Microctonus aethiops (a braconid) , a parasite of H. posta
adults, being released at selected sites over State. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., July 24). KANSAS - Adults per 10 sweeps of alfalfa ranged
as follows in 5 fields per county: Cowley, 1-5; Chautauqua, 0-6;
- 498 -
(
ii
Montgomery, 0-4; Labette, 0-3; Neosho, 0-4; Crawford, 1-4; Wilson,
- 1. (Bell). COLORADO - Larvae of Hypera postica ranged 0- 40 per
100 sweeps of alfalfa in Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, Bent, and
Prowers Counties. (Schweissing).
PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - WASHINGTON - Adult counts and
damage on alfalfa continued heavy at various eastern localities.
Damage ranged moderate to severe in 40 acres of alfalfa in
Franklin County. (Hokansen et al.).
}]
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEVADA - Ranged 200-300 per
sweep on 400 acres Of seed alfalfa in Reese River, Lander County.
(Hilbig). Averaged 300 per sweep on 250 acres of alfalfa hay at
Orovada, Humboldt County. (Martinelli et al.). COLORADO - Ranged
0-400 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa in Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, Bent,
and Prowers Counties. (Schweissing).
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS -
Leaflet infestation 21+ percent in untreated 4-week-old alfalfa
lanting in Hampshire County; 4 percent in treated block.
a.
i
‘ARMYWORMS — WASHINGTON - Spodoptera praefica (western yellow-
striped armyworm) larvae averaged I per sweep on lentils west of
Colfax, Whitman County; ranged 2-3 per sweep on lambsquarters
in weedy southwest corner of field. Mamestra configurata (ber tha
armyworm) showed preference for lambsquarters in alfalfa seed
field north of Pasco, Franklin County. (Johansen, Baird).
GRASSHOPPERS - KENTUCKY - Average adult and nymphal counts, mostly
Concephalus spp., per 100 sweeps of forage by county: Trimble 335,
Warren 1,200, Metcalfe 225. (Barnett).
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Popula-
tions and damage unchanged. Newly emerged adults will begin heavy
eggs laying next 7 days in Dorchester, Wicomico, and Talbot
Counties. Most infestations below economic levels to date. (U.
iMe..Ent. Dept.).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA -
Larvae heavy, destroyed most of soybean plants in sandy area of
field in southwest Houston County. Larvae occurred throughout
field. (Roney).
‘SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - MISSOURI - Moderate to heavy in
‘central and west-central areas. Infestations heavy enough to
warrant control recommendations. (Thomas).
COTTON
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Economic larval
‘damage reported from less than 2 percent of 250 cotton fields
‘surveyed in Scotland County area. Very few eggs observed to date
/in Northampton County area. (Bradley). SOUTH CAROLINA - Larval
infestations in Florence area ranged 1-4 percent in treated plots,
i- 2 percent in untreated plots. Infestations increased rapidly but
‘moth activity continued light. (Taft et al., July 26). GEORGIA -
Egg laying still heavy in southern areas, iS to 200 eggs and 22
- 499 -
small larvae per 100 terminals. (Womack). Counts per 100 terminals
by county: Crisp, 6-42 eggs and 4-63 larvae; Wilcox, 6-48 eggs.
(Hudson, Nix). ALABAMA - Occurred statewide; not serious except in
isolated fields. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Eggs and small larvae
increased over State; counts heaviest in fields near corn.
(Robinson). LOUISIANA - Damaged squares found in 27 of 52 plots
checked in Madison Parish; infestation ranged 1-10 (averaged 4.4)
percent in infested plots. Damaged squares found in all of 8
fields checked; ranged 1-4 (averaged 2.5) percent. In Tensas
Parish, damaged squares found in all of 6 fields checked; ranged
1-5 (averaged 3) percent. (Cleveland et al.). TEXAS - In 9
treated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties, H. zea eggs
averaged 3.8 and larvae 2.5 per 100 terminals. Eggs averaged 2.7
and larvae 1.8 per 100 terminals in 15 untreated fields. Percent
damaged squares averaged 15.5 (maximum 58.2) percent in 9
treated fields and 5.9 (maximum 21.5) percent in 14 untreated
fields. Of 341 larvae collected on cotton, 218 determined as H.
virescens. Most early planted fields past stage where bollworms
can cause damage, but many late fields being damaged. (Cowan
et al.). Counts increased in fields in Erath County; estimated
at about 20,000 per acre at Tarleton Experiment Station. Leaf
loss at this location not extensive, treatment not required.
(Hoelscher).
OKLAHOMA - H. zea percent damaged squares ranged 2-15 in Muskogee
County, 6-18 in Wagoner County, 5-20 in Bryan County. Averaged
15 percent in Marshall County. Eggs light in these areas. In
Jackson, Harmon, Kiowa, and Greer Counties larvae ranged 1-4 per
100 terminals and eggs 0-7 per 100 terminals in most fields.
Damage ranged 1-2 percent in Tillman County, averaged 1 percent
in Grady County. Eggs and larvae very light in Caddo and Washita
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - In Florence
area, adults ranged 0-311 per acre in treated plots, O-2,168 per
acre in untreated plots. Larval infestations ranged 1-2 percent
in treated plots, 11-15 percent in untreated plots. Infestations
increased in most fields; however, no indications of migration.
(Taft et al., July 26). GEORGIA - Infestations increased through-
out State; up to 60 percent punctured squares in southern areas
where adequate controls not applied. (Womack). Punctured squares
1-11 percent in Crisp County and 1-9 percent in Wilcox County.
(Womack). ALABAMA - Infestations remain heavy throughout south
and central areas; square infestations ranged 10-70 percent.
Infestations in proportion to control efforts. Many fields in
northern area, including mountain area, with 10-30 percent
square damage. Limited controls in extreme northern section,
including mountain and Tennessee Valley areas. (McQueen).
MISSISSIPPI - A. grandis punctured squares increased due to first-=
generation emergence. Percent punctured squares by county: Rankin, |
11 in 207 fields; Simpson, 25 in 4 fields totaling 115 acres; 4
Forrest 18.6; Lawrence 3.3; Noxubee, 5 in 500 acres; Chickasaw,
40 in 225 acres; Bolivar, 9 in 4 fields; De Soto, 2 in 2,200
acres; Issaquena 0-3 in 2,000 acres; Leflore, 0.5 in 88 fields.
(Robinson). LOUISIANA - Punctured squares found in 51 of 52 plots
checked in Madison Parish; infestations ranged 1-22 (averaged 7.7)
percent in infested plots. Punctured squares found in all 8 fields
checked; ranged 1-29 (averaged 8.1) percent. Punctured squares
found in 2 fields checked in areas that received diapause control
- 500 -
treatments in Tensas Parish in fall of 1971; infestation 8 per-
cent in each field. Punctured squares found in all of 4 fields
checked in untreated areas of Tensas Parish; ranged 4-21 (averaged
110) percent. (Cleveland et al. ). TEXAS - Percent punctured squares
averaged 8 (maximum 27.2) in 9 treated fields in McLennan and
‘Falls Counties; averaged 10.95 (maximum 87) in 14 untreated
fields. (Cowan et al.). OKLAHOMA - Anthonomus grandis infesta-
tions ranged 0-43 percent in Jackson, Greer, and Harmon Counties;
averaged 5 percent or less in most Fietde. Ranged 1-8 percent in
Kiowa County, 1-2 percent in Tillman County. Averaged 18 percent
in Washita and Caddo Counties and 4 percent in Grady County.
Ranged 10-20 percent in Marshall County; moderate in Bryan
‘County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Eggs increased on
cotton in Dona Ana County. Beneficial insects may prevent larvae
from becoming problem. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
TOBACCO
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Increased slowly
in Charles, Prince Georges, and St. Marys counties. Light on 2-5
plants per 50 plants examined. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - WISCONSIN - Larvae, about
‘full grown, taken from tobacco seed bed in Dane County; probably
‘third generation. Adults emerging, will oviposit into November,
larvae will overwinter. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
SUGAR BEETS
SUGARBEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - MINNESOTA -
Infested area north of Sabin, Clay County. At least 2 sugar beet
fields totally destroyed. Two other fields nearby less extensively
damaged. Control excellent in one sugar beet field; untreated
‘check strips severely damaged. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - MINNESOTA -
Infestations found in southern Clay County in Barnesville area;
ranged up to 60 percent in central Clay County. High counts in
marginal rows usually decreased after 50 or more rows inward. In
early infested fields, larvae maturing and disappearing from
blossom heads. All sizes found. About 1,600 larvae found on
flower bud 2.5 inches in diameter during laboratory check.
Deformed blossom heads found on few plants on outside edges of
fields. Larvae found in late plants 3 feet in height and develop-
ing flower buds. Little known of life cycle; uncertain of effect
on later sunflower plantings. (Minn. Pest pit
ii
SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - NEBRASKA - Infested 2-45
|/percent of heads in 4 sunflower fields in Platte County. Larvae
‘ranged 1-25 (averaged 3) per infested head. (Keith et al.).
» CARROT BEETLE (Bothynus gibbosus) - TEXAS - Destroyed up to 75
|/percent of sunflower plants in experimental plots at Munday
Vegetable Research Station. (Boring).
| = 5 Oie—
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - OREGON - Heavy,
damaged mint and hops in Grants Pass area, Josephine County.
Damage spotty and at scattered localities in mintfields and hop-
yards. (Larson, Berry).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW JERSEY - Very heavy on
potatoes near Lumberton, Burlington County, and Deerfield Street,
Cumberland County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MICHIGAN - Increased on
potatoes. Controls should be applied on 7 to 10-day schedule.
(Newman). COLORADO - Built up rapidly in number of potato fields;
ranged 30-50 per leaf in Otero County, 1-20 per leaf in Weld
County. (Schweissing, Urano). CALIFORNIA - Potato growers at
Tulelake, Siskiyou County, experienced difficulties with
controls on potatoes. Repeat applications not controlling popula-
tions. This area is primarily certified seed potatoes. M. persicae
becoming major pest on wide range of hosts. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
OREGON - Migration continued heavy in Newell Heights, Chalk
Butte, Mitchell Butte, and Adrian areas of Malheur County. Moved
into potato fields in Newell Heights region from several adjacent
severely infested sugar beet fields. (Henninger). WASHINGTON -
Yellow-pan trap counts in potato area around Othello, Adams
County, 2-3 times higher than those near Moses Lake, Grant
County, week ending July 19. (Harwood et al.).
BEANS AND PEAS
COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Heavy in
most peas across State. Damage economic in fields where controls
not applied. (Thomas). GEORGIA - Adults severely damaged beans in
Spalding County. (Tippins, July 22).
DETECTION
New State Record - An ARMORED SCALE (Chortinaspis subchortina) -
FLORIDA — Escambia County. (p. 498).
New County and Parish Records - A PUNCTUREVINE SEED WEEVIL
(Microlarinus Llareynii) OKLAHOMA - Beaver (p. 505). A THRIPS
(Scirtothrips inermis) CALIFORNIA - San Diego (p. 503). MIMOSA
WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OHIO - Summit (p. 503). WESTERN
CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MISSOURI - Cole, Franklin,
Gasconade, Osage (p. 496). WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphogna thus
spp.) LOUISIANA - Vernon (p. 507).
- 502 -
;
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
1
PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) - OREGON - Approached outbreak
‘levels in some pear orchards in Medford area, Jackson County.
Buildup probably due to lax control programs. Cold weather earlier
this spring severely reduced amount of fruit; some growers not
‘applying needed controls. (Berry). CALIFORNIA - E. pyri and
‘Phytoptus pyri (pearleaf blister mite) unusually heavy in many
pear growing areas; some damage will occur. Normally only periodi-
cal problem in foothill areas. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
-PEARSLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - UTAH - Damage heavy to untreated
cherry and pear orchards throughout Box Elder, Cache, Davis,
Utah, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties. Damage most Severe on
cherries. (Davis).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) — NEW MEXICO - Webs heavy on many
pecan trees in Dona Ana and Otero Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Tom Green, Nolan, Taylor, Jones, and
Runnels Counties in Rolling Plains. Heavy on pecan trees in
Madison County. (Boring, Williamson).
WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Moderate infes-
tations damaged pecan foliage in Nolan and Taylor Counties.
(Boring).
CITRUS
CITRUS FLAT MITE (Brevipalpus lewisi) - ARIZONA - Heavy in citrus
nursery at Peoria, Maricopa County. Increased in citrus groves
not previously treated at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
ORNAMENTALS
A THRIPS (Scirtothrips inermis) - CALIFORNIA - Infested
Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum) trees in Vista, San Diego
County. This is a new county record for this thrips reported
for first time in North America in CEIR 22(30):483. Survey con-
tinued in southern counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OHIO - Larvae light on
about 100 honeylocust trees in nursery in Summit County. This is
a new county record. (Kelley).
_ FOREST AND SHADE TREES
SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MAINE - Damage very
heavy on spruce in many locations. Moths numerous and laying eggs
in areas where damage heavy. Damage light to medium in Dennis-
town area, Somerset County. Feeding light in other western and
central areas. (Gall). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Several hundred moths
taken on windows of building in Durham, Strafford County, July 24
by W.J. Morse. In blacklight trap at Lee, 178 collected July 23.
(Blickle).
AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Rhyacionia bushnelli) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae
damaged native stands of ponderosa pine in Burning Coal Vein area,
Slope County. Present in roadside plantings of ponderosa pine near
Dickinson, Stark County. (McKnight, July 20). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Larvae severely damaged ponderosa pines in roadside planting at
- 503 -
Redfield, Spink County. (McKnight).
DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - WASHINGTON -
Widespread on Douglas-fir in central area; increase evident on
infested acreage. Especially heavy in Okanogan and Chelan Counties.
Infestations scattered in eastern part of State. Polyhedral virus
evident in Okanogan County. (McComb et al.).
BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Heavy on cedars
in Wilbarger, Hall, Taylor, Wichita, and Baylor Counties in
Rolling Plains. Also heavy on ornamentals in Potter County.
(Boring, Clymer).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Reach-
ing epidemic proportions on statewide basis. Thirty of the 67
counties in State found infested as result of aerial survey.
Survey not yet complete. (Moody et al.).
REDHEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - ALABAMA - Maturing
larvae damaged young pines in Lee and Coffee Counties. Controls
applied. (Casaday, Wegener).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,852 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 16-22 as
follows: Texas 3,717; New Mexico 42; Arizona 78; California 1;
Oklahoma 14. Heaviest infestations during period were in 5 south-
central counties in Texas as follows: Gonzales 150, Atascosa 114,
Wilson 111, Gillespie 110, Kinney 103. Single case reported in
Panola County, Texas, 3 miles from Texas-Louisiana State line.
Total of 1,207 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile
flies released this period in U.S. totaled 177,218,000 as follows:
Texas 150,068,000; New Mexico 5,526,000; Arizona 18,264,000;
California 600,000; Oklahoma 400,000; Louisiana 920,000;
Arkansas 1,440,000. Total of 1,916,000 sterile flies released in
Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - GEORGIA - Heavy on pastured cattle
in northern area. (Nolan). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 15 per face on
200 cattle in Monroe County. Some isolated cattle had up to 200
on face and body. (Combs). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 21 per
animal on Holstein, Hereford, Charolais, and Black Angus cattle
in Scott County. (Barnett).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Moderate annoyance
to cattle in all areas. Severe nuisance to vacationers in Price
County. About 9 flies per leg seen on dairy cattle at Dane County
fair, (Wis. Ins. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Continued nuisance in many
locations over State. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.)
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Counts per head by
county: Leake 150; Chickasaw 100+; Amite 150+; and Simpson 200+.
(Locke et al.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 100-150 per head on cattle in
Payne County; averaged 300 per head in Cimarron County. Heavy in
Okfuskee, Hughes, Garvin, Jefferson, and McCurtain Counties;
moderate in Cleveland County; light in Kingfisher County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Ranged 50-1,000 per animal on cattle in
Crockett, Brewster, Pecos, Culberson, and Ward Counties. (Neeb).
GEORIGA - Annoyed cattle throughout State. (Nolan).
- 504 -
MOSQUITOES - WISCONSIN - Increased due to heavy rains. Severe
biting occurred in some areas of Racine and Kenosha Counties,
particularly near marshes. Aedes vexans Seems major biter in
these counties. Biting increased in Price County July 20.
Heaviest populations of season noted in Trempealeau County.
Moderate annoyance to cattle reported from Polk, Chippewa, and
Rock Counties. Problem expected for 3 or more weeks. (Wis. Ins.
Sur.). MAINE - Aedes spp. present in many areas but counts
declined. Culex pipiens pipiens and Anopheles spp. increased.
Saltmarsh species troublesome in several locations along coast.
(Gall).
LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle
and dogs in McCurtain County. (OKla. Coop. Sur.).
AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - OHIO - Removed from
skull near hairline of 4-year-old girl from Brown County. Con-
tracted tick paralysis; removal improved condition within 24
hours. As of July 8, 13 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever
reported. including 3 fatalities. (Ohio Dept. Health).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
A PUNCTUREVINE SEED WEEVIL (Microlarinus lareynii) - OKLAHOMA -
Reared from puncturevine seed in Beaver County. This is a new
county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
A WEEVIL (Rhinocyllus conicus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Released 3,700
adults at 3 sites in Monroe County pasture fields heavily infested
with curled thistle. (Hacker).
A CINNABAR MOTH (Tyria jacobaeae) - WASHINGTON - Larvae infested
tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) in area about 0,5 mile in
diameter near Amboy, Clark County, where originally released in
1966. (Shanks).
A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OKLAHOMA - Parasitism of
Schizaphis graminum (greenbug) on sorghum ranged 5-10 percent in
most fields in Beaver County, 1-3 percent in Texas and Cimarron
Counties, (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Survey
Showed infestation at Springville, Tulare County, increased; now
involves several properties. Infestation in Exeter treated, sur-
vey continues. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GRASS BUGS (Labops spp.) - UTAH - L. hirtus damaged grasses at
high elevations in Duck Creek area of Kane County and in Fish
Lake and Koosharem areas of Sevier County. Labops sp. caused
Severe damage in Spanish Fork area, Utah County, and especially
in Diamond Fork area. Field in Salina Canyon area burned to
control heavy infestation. Labops sp. damaged grasses on Grind-
Stone Flat in Beaver County. Egg laying underway in infested
areas. (Haws).
GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Adults mostly noneconomic in Dickey,
Sargent, and Ransom Counties except for few scattered light in-
festations in parts of Dickey and Sargent Counties and few
- 505 -
economic infestations in eastern Ransom County. (Grasser). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Heavy locally west of Junction City, Union County;
averaged 50 per square yard. (Kantack). KANSAS - Pruned silks
down to ear tips of 2 border rows in Doniphan County cornfield;
ranged 8-10 per square yard in grass bordering field. (Bell).
UTAH - Increased in foothill and some range areas; adults moved
from range and uncultivated land into alfalfa and other eulti-
vated crops. Serious, with little control effort being made.
Melanoplus sanguinipes dominant; M. bivittatus and M. packardii
locally damaging. (Knowlton). NEVADA - M. sanguinipes, fourth
instar nymphs to adults, infested 1,000+ acres of 6 to 8-inch
alfalfa in Diamond Valley, Eureka County. Counts not available
but damage evident. (Ayers). CALIFORNIA - Moved from adjacent
rangeland and damaged new vineyards in Shenandoah Valley, Amador
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Control programs for range-
land grasshoppers, primarily Melanoplus spp., completed, Total
of 826,848 acres treated in six-county northeastern area. (Goeden
et al.).
MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - MONTANA - Averaged 10 per
square yard in 40 to 80-acre area north of Ovando, Powell County.
(Pratt, July 21).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - Pupation general.
Adults statewide, many late pupae parasitized or diseased,
deformed adults emerged in Washington County. (Relli et al.).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - TENNESSEE - Adult taken
in trap at truck stop in Wilson County July 21. This is first
specimen taken in county and is considered to be an interception
until evidence of infestation is found. (PP). VIRGINIA - Moder-
ate on corn silks in Nottoway County; scarce in fields checked in
Dinwiddie, Sussex, Prince George, Isle of Wight, Southampton, and
Nansemond Counties. Continued spotty but generally lighter than
past several years. (Allen). WEST VIRGINIA - Adults infested
Sweet corn in Kanawha Valley area. Several patches with 100
percent infestations, 3-18 adults per ear. Silk destroyed on 10
percent of ears. (Cole, Hacker). MARYLAND - Above normal state-
wide but remained light to moderate. Heaviest damage to date in
Queen Annes, Wicomico, and Kent Counties where 100 acres of corn
sprayed to protect silks. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Large numbers taken in traps in Centre County. Total of 41,510
taken in one trap July 1-24 and 14,381 taken in 16 traps
July 21-25. (Gesell, Adams). Adults abundant on wheat in Lycoming
County July 17. (Weidner). RHODE ISLAND - Adults numerous in
many areas of Kent, Providence, and Washington Counties July 14-17.
Adults fed on deciduous nursery stock in certain areas of
Providence County. (Relli, King).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Infested
about 25 percent of bolls in cotton field at Aguila, Maricopa
County; 300 acres surrounding this field showed 5-10 percent
boll infestation. Highest infested boll counts found in Graham
County cotton field; ranged 8-12 percent. Scattered infestations
of second-generation larvae throughout Safford, Thatcher, and
Pima area. Controls applied at Wellton and Roll Valley areas,
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
- 506 -
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA -
New infestations found in San Jose, Santa Clara County. Treatment
made to hold known infested properties in check. Survey continued
negative in Kings and Fresno Counties. Treatment scheduled. (Cal.
Coop: Rpt.) .
WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - LOUISIANA - Adults
collected July 27 in Vernon Parish by L.L. Sandoz determined as
G. perigrinus by R.E. Warner. This is a new parish record. (PP).
WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey
continued in San Diego, San Diego County. Adult activity increased,
egg laying underway. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 0.25 acre of corn at
Waimanalo, Oahu; about 85 percent of mature ears with one or more
larvae. (Kumashiro, Otsuka).
Turf_and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
larvae light on Hilo grass (Paspalum conjugatum) at Hilo,
Hawaii; defoliation moderate to heavy and spotty, with up to
10 larvae per square foot. Pupae trace, less than one per square
foot; adults moderate. Larvae moderate in Hilo grass lawn at
Papaikou, defoliation moderate to heavy, spotty; up to 30 small
larvae per square foot; pupae nil. (Matayoshi).
General Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larvae
light in yard and community plantings of green onions at
Kaumakani, Kauai. Larvae trace in one acre of same crop at Pearl
City, Oahu; less than 5 percent of leaves infested. Egg clusters
heavy, up to 7 clusters noted on single plant; mostly 1-2 per
plant. Moderate number of adults of a hymenopteron observed
Ovipositing on egg clusters. (Sugawa, Kawamura).
Fruits and Nuts - MELON FLY (Dacus cucurbitae) heavy in yard
planting of watermelon at Hilo, Hawaii; about 90 percent of fruits
affected. (Matayoshi).
General Pests - Nymphs and adults of a PLATASPID BUG (Coptosoma
xanthogramma) heavy on terminals of 30 roadside coral (Erythrina
sp.) trees at Kipahulu, Maui. Trace on various leguminous crops
in community garden at Kaumakani, Kauai. (Ah Sam, Sugawa).
Man and Animals - Total of 234 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 1,335
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus taken in light traps operated on
Oahu during June. A. vexans nocturnus ranged 0-46 per night at
Kahaiuu. C. pipiens quinquefasciatus ranged 0-165 per night per
trap at Kawailoa. (Mosq. Control Br., State Dept. of Health).
Beneficial Insects - BRACONIDS (Opius phaseoli and O. importatus)
heavily parasitized Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) infesting
cowpea and snap bean petioles on Kauai; parasitism ranged 67-100
(averaged 91) percent. M. phaseoli infesting cowpea petioles
collected at Koloa Mill 20 percent parasitized by Halticoptera
patellana (a pteromalid wasp). (Sugawa).
= BUY =
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Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer
To Grain Corn in the United States in 1971
Compiled by the Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff,
PPQ, APHIS
The loss to grain corn attributed to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)
in 1971 is estimated to be approximately 305,545,000 bushels in 15 corn-producing
States. In these States the loss was 6.12 percent of the production. This loss is
approximately 5.51 percent of the total national crop estimated at 5,540,253,000
bushels. 1/ The value of the loss, based on the season average prices recieved by
farmers for corn 2/, is $319,777,000. These loss estimates are only for the States
shown in Table 1, and are based on the counties or districts surveyed during the
fall of 1971 within these States. 3/
Table 1 is a composite of State and Federal estimates. These estimates were pre-
pared by using production data 1/, and prices received 2/, released by the
Statistical Reporting Service. The basis for the loss eStimates was determined
by the survey of European corn borer populations during the fall of 1971. 3/ The
index of 3 percent loss per borer per plant was used to compute the loss in
bushels.
Estimated losses to grain corn for the past 20 years in States where the fall
abundance survey was conducted are as follows:
1971 305,545,000 Bushels $319,777, 000
1970 195,885,000 " 250,178,000
1969 163,501,000 " 182,509,000
1968 154,554,000 " 161,287,000
1967 59,661,000 " 63,837,000
1966 121,236,000 " 155,876,000
1965 54,318,100 " 59,374,160
1964 87,116,000 " 97,478,000
1963 120,647,000 " 127,838,000
1962 88,245,000 " 93,695,000
1961 65,044,000 " 68,998,000
1960 102,991,000 " 96,085,000
1959 67,763,000 " 71,979,000
1958 100,699,000 " 98,434,000
1957 180,897,000 " 158,841,000
1956 97,971,000 " 119,535,000
1955 155,355,000 " 182,579,000
1954 191,614,000 " 261,415,000
1953 90,000,000 " 125,466,000
1952 53,270,000 " 77,205,000
1/ Crop Production, 1971 Annual Summary by States, Crop Reporting Board,
Statistical Reporting Service, USDA; January 14, 1972.
2/ Crop Values, Season Average Prices Received by Farmers and Value of Pro-
duction 1970 and 1971 - by States, Crop Reporting Board, Statistical
Reporting Service, USDA, January 14, 1972.
3/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report 22(5):22-28, 1972.
- 910 =
1/ Cooperative Economic Insect Report 22(5):22-28, 1972.
Table 1. Estimates of Damage by the European Corn Borer to
Corn Grown for Grain in the United States in 1971
Estimated Data
: Total ‘Value Value
{ : Districts State : per of :
State Included 1/:Production :Bushel Production: Loss of Crop
/ Number 1,000 Bu. Dollars $1,000 1,000 Bu. $1,000
Delaware 1 10,800 1.18 12,744 1,299 1,533
Illinois 9 1,042,950 1.06 1,105,527 38,712 41,035
Indiana 12 534,373 1.01 539,717 17,619 17,796
_ Towa 12 1,180,140 1.03 1,215,544 138,861 143,026
: Kansas 6 120,612 iL IL 133 ,879 1,489 1,653
Deen tucky il 94,402 1.09 102,898 70 76
| Maryland 3 36,000 Woe 42,120 1,022 1,196
| Michigan 5 115,600 1.00 115,600 3,688 3,688
: Minnesota 7 475,175 0.98 465,672 17,944 17,585
: Missouri 8 272,096 1.09 296,585 11,761 12,820
Nebraska 5 455 , 260 1.10 500,786 52,297 57,527
“North Dakota 1 9,976 Toi 10,976 364 368
Ohio 5 313,814 1.04 326 , 367 7 , LD 7,487
South Dakota 6 123 ,234 1.04 128,163 9,794 10,186
Wisconsin 9 203 ,603 Io dal 225,999 3,425 3,802
Totals 4,988,035 5,221,677 305,545 319,777
U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
22(31) :510=511, 1972
Seco ad
KHAPRA BEETLE
(Trogoderma granarium Everts)
Selected References
1970
Copies of this bibliography are available from Economic Insect
Survey and Detection Staff.
Agarwal, H. C. 1970. Sterol requirements of beetle Trogoderma.
J. Insect Physiol. 16(10) :2023-2026.
name Rin. Stanic, V., Cohen, E., and Shulov, A. 1970. The function)
of fatty acids in the diapause of the khapra beetle Trogo-
derma granarium Everts. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 37(12):
205-214.
Levinson, H. Z. and Bar Ilan, A. R. 1970. Behavior of khapra
beetle Trogoderma eranarium towards assembling scent released
by female. Experientia 26(8) :846-847.
Levinson, H. Z. and Bar Ilan, A. R. 1970. Lack of an intraspecs-tumn
attractant in male Trogoderma granarium. Riv. di Parassitol.
3 (1 10=72.. |
Levinson, H. Z. and Bar Ivan, Al oR. 1970. Olfactory and wtachane
behaviour of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, with
Special reference to its assembling scent. J. Insect Physiol. |
16(4) :561-572.
Punj, G. K. 1970. Effect of nutrition on susceptibility of larvae
of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera, Dermestidae) to
certain fumigants. J. Stored Prod. Res. 6(2):181-185.
Punj, G. K. and Verma, A. N. 1970. Susceptibility to certain
fumigants of male and female pupae of Trogoderma granarium
Everts (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 6(3):
263-267.
Sadiq, H. and Matloob, H. 1970. Effect of vacuum on stored-grain
insect pest (Trogoderma khapra Arr.) infesting wheat. Agr.
Pakistan 21(1):33-36.
pehgal, S. S.,; Agarwal, H: C., and Pilllal, Mi K. Ko 1970 esteni—
lizing effect of a dietary surplus of biotin in Trogoderma
granarium Everts. Cur. Sci. 39(24):551-552.
Stanic, V., Zlotkin, E., and Shulov, A. 1970. Localization of
pheromone excretion in the female of Trogoderma granarium
(Dermestidae). Ent. Expt. et Appl. 13(3):342-351.
Vick, K. W., Burkholder, W. E., and Gorman, J. E. 1970. Inter-
Specific response to sex pheromones of Trogoderma species
(Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(2):379-
381.
- 512 -
-Yinon, U. 1970. Electrophysiological responses to light in com-
pound eyes of some stored-product insects. Ent. Expt. et
Appl. 13(3):359-361.
‘Yinon, U. and Shulov, A. 1970. The dispersion of Trogoderma
| granarium in a temperature gradient and comparison with
other Stored product beetles. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 13(1):
107-121. Ger. Sun.
| U.S. Dept. Agr.
|Prepared by Economic Insect Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Survey and Detection Staff 22(31) :512-513, 1972
- 513 -
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 31
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Early in the week a front meandered from Utah
across the central Rocky Mountains, the central Great Plains, the
Ohio River Valley, and the Appalachians to southern New England.
Waves developed along the front. Some of the waves became Lows
which produced showers and thunderstorms. Other thunderstorms were
scattered randomly over the West and the South. Showers at Tucson,
Arizona, left 0.62 inch of rain late Monday July 24. This is
approximately the weekly normal for Tucson. Vigorous thunderstorms
caused torrential downpours in South Dakota and Nebraska late
Tuesday and early Wednesday. Up to about 7.50 inches of rain
drenched a small area south of Aberdeen, South Dakota, in 3 hours
Wednesday forenoon. Three to 5 inches caused local flash flooding
in southeastern Nebraska also Wednesday forenoon. Parts of
Hastings, Nebraska, were under 2 to 3 feet of water and streets
and highways at Pleasanton, Nebraska, were flooded. Pierce,
Nebraska, was swamped by 3.50 inches of rain in a 2-hour period.
By Thursday the front extended from Utah to the Virginia coast.
Most of the thunderstorm activity occurred along the front and in
sultry air that covered the Deep South. Up to 6 inches caused
flash flooding in central Minnesota. A predawn thunderstorm swept
through Russell, Kansas, Friday, producing wind gusts exceeding
50 m.p.h. and an inch of rain. Three inches of rain in western
Tennessee swelled creeks and small rivers to overflowing. Fair
weather prevailed over most of the area north of the front. Weekly
totals ranged widely over the East. Little rain fell west of the
Rocky Mountains. California, Oregon, parts of nearby States, and
much of Texas received no rain.
|
TEMPERATURE: A cold front brought relief to the Northeast early
in the week after almost 2 weeks of humid, 90-degree weather.
Rochester, New York, registered 88 degrees Monday afternoon but
only 72 degrees Wednesday. Sultry weather continued over the
Southeast. Bowling Green, Kentucky, recorded 96 degrees Wednesday
afternoon. The Far Southwest remained hot. Needles and Thermal,
California, registered 113 degrees and 112 degrees respectively
Wednesday afternoon. A warming trend occurred over the western
Great Plains. The temperature reached 90 degrees at Havre, Montana,
96 degrees at Worland, Wyoming, and 97 degrees at Russell, Kansas,
Wednesday afternoon. Hot, summer weather also prevailed over the
central Great Plains with temperatures in the 90's over most of
Kansas and Missouri and reaching 100 degrees in Oklahoma and spots
in Arkansas. Cool temperatures were the rule from eastern North
Dakota to northern New England. Afternoon temperatures in that
area were mostly in the 60's and 70's. After midweek, the front
became stationary from Utah to the middle Atlantic coast. The
Southeast continued hot but the North was comfortably cool. Weekly
mean temperatures from the central Great Plains to the Great Lakes
were mostly 3 to 8 degrees cooler than normal. The South and Far
West averaged slightly warmer than normal.
- 514 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
0004 SMINLISMIA122 33017 0001
SMITHSONTAN INSTITUTION LIBR=-
ARTES SMITHSONTAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
aE RE ae ae ee :
Op
VOL. 22 No.32 $222 August 11, 1972
ay
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
: Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
_ ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
_U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH iNSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued |
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing List, should be sent to;
CEIR
Economic Insect Survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 August 11, 1972 Number 32
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
ARMYWORM damaged Bermuda grass in Alabama, Tennessee, and Arkansas;
heavy on corn and oats in northeast Wisconsin, corn and small
grain in Michigan. CORN LEAF APHID moderate to heavy on sorghum
in southwest Oklahoma, heavy on corn in Several Eastern States.
GREENBUG infestations reduced by parasites and predators in many
areas of central U.S.; greenbug still economic in some areas.
POTATO LEAFHOPPER heavy on alfalfa in Maryland, economic on hay
throughout northern Ohio. (pp. 517-518).
PEA APHID heavy on alfalfa in east-central Idaho. (p. 521).
VARIEGATED CUTWORM outbreak reported on commercial potatoes in
eastern Wisconsin; damaged sugar beets in Michigan, tobacco in
North Carolina. (p. 523).
EUROPEAN RED MITE increase explosive in southern and central Ohio
orchards. TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE heavy on apples and pears on
Western Slope in Colorado. (p. 525).
MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE heavy in ponderosa pine on Roosevelt National
Forest in Colorado. (p. 526).
GRASSHOPPERS serious on eastern rangeland areas of Washington,
and on dryland alfalfa hay and rangeland grasses in panhandle
area of Idaho. (p. 529).
Detection
An ICHNEUMON WASP reported for first time in Ohio. (p. 528).
For new county records see page 534.
Reports in this issue are for week ending August 4 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 515 -
CONTENTS if
Special Insects of Regional Sienaficances..+ see) ewe soe Cg
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....519 Miscellaneous Field Crops. .523),
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...520 Potatoes, Tomatoes,
Horace! he SUM Svensweneveneuemenoueuene cee 921 Peppers’ .23.. ae oo. O2oR
Soybeans\.( 2... + es ess ae Oboe ans. andi Peace a oe ee 024g
Pau Sit go Seates roast tuene es tedenes tetera 521 General Vegetables......... 524.
COME OM are ro 1:2 Varela s cleo ctelie mean serene 522 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .525.
MODACE Ors uietersee wis ta ore tone: ore ede 523 “CLUS. 5.55.06 one eee 2 oon Orel
SUPA BOCES wouer crapware eae wore caer 523 Forest and Shade Trees..... 526)
Man and Animals.......... -.027
Beneficial, Insects. ,taseusit. tenet 300.21 2180. 2 o2€
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs.................... o2¢!
Hawaii ,Insect Reporte. .01i.. Fa05. 40. PaeeL. . See ee ee 531
CORLEETIONS 55% oc. Sia. wae Jaded. oo. ied: 200) Lr 531)
Light rap yCoLlect ions soo 60 ea RO we LER CRS IS NCHG 532
DeteCtiONn ssn tinwe. Hoe ode es oes CLL e, AY Soy, eee 534;
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 7
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
Great Lakes to the central Great Plains, thence northwestward to
British Columbia. It produced some heavy thunderstorms in the
central Great Plains. One thunderstorm uprooted trees and damaged
farm buildings in the Lost Nation, Iowa, vicinity about 35 miles
north-northwest of Davenport. Heavy rains, in some places exceedin
4 inches, swelled streams and rivers in parts of Nebraska, Iowa,
and Wisconsin to near bankfull and some places a foot or so above.,
Afternoon and evening thundershowers continued through midweek. |
Flash flooding occurred in the Dubuque, Iowa, area early Wednesday)
Waters reached waist deep in homes near Little Maquoketa River (
north of Dubuque. Colorado and Montana were lashed by heavy
thunderstorms accompanied by hail and high winds. Wednesday, just
before midnight, severe thunderstorms Swept through Kansas City,
Missouri. Heavy thunderstorms late Thursday flooded streets in
Carbondale and Murphysboro, Illinois. Carbondale received Bg 0)
inches in 1 hour. Many localities in southern Illinois were
drenched by heavy rains in the 24 hours ending noon Friday. Five
inches of rain fell in 4 hours at Morehead, Kentucky, in eastern ©
Iowa, and northwestern Illinois Saturday night. Vigorous thunder- |
storms continued over the central part of the Nation Saturday and |
Sunday. Hail as large as golf balls fell in the Sioux Falls, South)
Dakota, vicinity early Sunday and in the afternoon hail as large
as walnuts fell at Sheffield, Illinois. A tornado twisted off tops:
of trees on the outskirts of Moline, Illinois. Weather of the week |
continued on page 534.
- 516 -
PECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
\RMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - ALABAMA - Damaged several
‘rain sorghum fields in Geneva County. Increased number of
Infestations on Coastal Bermuda grass reported in Houston,
$lount, Crenshaw, Cullman, Geneva, Covington, and Lee Counties.
larvae destroyed 4-acre field of Coastal Bermuda grass in Cullman
Sounty. (Roney et al.). TENNESSEE - Destroyed 4-acre field of
Joastal Bermuda grass in Fayette County. (Locke). ARKANSAS -
feavily damaged Coastal Bermuda grass in Jefferson County; treated
July 23. (Wall). NEBRASKA - Occasional larvae noted in corn ear
tips in fields with heavy growth of grassy weeds in Dundy County.
[Keith, O'Dea, July 27). Moths decreased at light traps at Aurora,
Yoncord, Plymouth, and Lincoln. (Berogan). WISCONSIN - Larvae
heavy on corn and oats in northeastern counties. In Door County,
90 percent of corn plants infested in one field; larvae ranged
-8 per square foot in one field of oats. Heavy in Oconto County
rornfield. Damage severe to corn in Marinette County. (Wis. Ins.
NICHIGAN - P. unipuncta severely damaged corn and small grains in
bout 4,000 acres in Menominee and Delta Counties and in scattered
fields in Chinpewa and Luce County. Reports of 27 larvae per stalk
oted in severely infested area. (Bowers et al.). MAINE - Reported
from all parts of State, primarily from south-central and central
ireas. Ranged up to 10 per square foot in grass next to corn;
lecreased to zero 20 feet into corn except in spots. (Gall).
!
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moths increased in
dlacklight traps; 3-day spray schedule needed on sweet corn in
nost central and southern counties. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
VIRGINIA - Moth collections very light in blacklight traps in
\ccomack and Northampton Counties; only 2 taken this period.
\Hofmaster). KENTUCKY - Damaged whorls of late corn in Green and
Pulaski Counties. (Barnett, Gregory). KANSAS - Percent infested
ears in one field per county: Harper 100, Kingman 100, Sedgwick
pO, Harvey 40, Pawnee 10, Pratt 10, Stafford 80-90 in 2 fields.
Eo): OKLAHOMA - Ranged 1-2 per head in grain sorghum field
thecked in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA -
\veraged one larva per corn ear in Aztec area of Yuma County.
mraz. Coop. Sur.).
SoRN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MONTANA - Ranged up to
several hundred per plant on late-planted barley in Roosevelt and
Richland Counties week ending July 28. (Pratt). NEBRASKA - Counts
fenced 3-4 colonies of 25-30 aphids in 50-100 percent of plants
in 15 Scotts Bluff County cornfields. (Hagen). OKLAHOMA -
Sontinued moderate to heavy on sorghum in southwest area. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Heavy in some corn; present on silks in
some heavily infested fields. More than 500 per plant found on 90
bercent of plants in sweet corn planting in northern Dane County.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). INDIANA - Infested 23-36 percent of corn grown
for grain in 5 of six northern districts. Of these, 1.5-4.3 per-
cent severely infested (500+ aphids per stalk). Corn ranged from
nidwhorl stage to silks turning brown; mostly green silk. (Meyer).
i
VIRGINIA - Heavy populations of R. maidis in many fields of field
corn in Nottoway, Nansemond, Isle of Wight, Sussex, Dinwiddie,
Prince George, and Southampton Counties declined due to crop
maturity, and parasites and predators. (Allen). MARYLAND - Sudden
buildups required treatment of over 500 acres of field corn on
Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Heavy in some
- 517 -
Rs
large fields of field corn in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
NEW YORK - Heavy in some sweet corn in Hudson Valley. (N.Y. Wkly. ©
Rpt., July 28). MAINE - Generally absent in late corn. Ranged up ~
to 300 per plant in 2 fields in tassel stage. (Gall).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - IDAHO - Honeydew heavy in 20
acres of wheat at Lorinzo, Jefferson County. Grain in soft dough
stage. Infestation limited to leaves, no treatment anticipated. :
(Gooch). NORTH DAKOTA - Infestation of 3,000 aphids per 100 sweeps”
in untreated wheat field in Ransom County collapsed to 20 per 100
sweeps. Lady beetle adults and larvae averaged 300 per 100 sweeps.
(Brandvik). NEBRASKA - Declined below economic levels due to
increased parasitism and hard, driving rains in southeast, east,
central, south, and southwest districts. (Roselle et al.). Some i
economic infestations still reported from Custer County. (Staples ©
et al.). KANSAS - Some economic infestations and treatment of
sorghum reported in some southwest counties. Lysiphlebus
testaceipes (a braconid) exerting some control in area. Surveys
in west-central and northwest districts revealed significant
infestations and light parasitic wasp activity in one Rawlins
County field and one Thomas County field. S. graminum averaged
less than 50 per plant in other fields checked. Averaged less than
50 per sorghum plant in 3 fields checked in each of Cheyenne,
Sherman, Greeley, Wichita, Wallace, Logan, Gove, and Lane
Counties. S. graminum generally light and decreased due to
parasitism by L. testaceipes in Ellis, Rush, and Barton Counties.
S. graminum very light and decreased in 10 south-central counties;
averaged less than 25 per sorghum plant in these counties. (Bell).
OKLAHOMA - S. graminum light to heavy in sorghum in Marshall
County. Continued light in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TEXAS - Light in grain sorghum in Wilbarger County in Rolling
Plains; light to moderate in Tom Green County. Moderate in Knox
and Jones Counties. Heavy in Motley County with much damage to 2
lower leaves noted; some producers applied controls. (Boring).
Activity in grain sorghum should peak next 7 days in South Plains.
Increased activity by parasitic wasps noted throughout area. On
High Plains, greenbug present in most counties surrounding Potter
County. (Boring et al.). ARKANSAS - Increased slightly in north-
west area; however, predators and parasites holding infestations
below economic level. (Boyer). IOWA - Light on 5-foot forage
sorghum in Jasper County; less than 20 per plant. Damage potential
ight.) Clowa ins: “Suze)e
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MARYLAND - Adults and nymphs
ranged 10-40 per sweep on Several hundred acres of alfalfa in
Howard and Carroll Counties. Yellowing noticeable at several
locations statewide. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Damage to peanuts heavier in Gates County area than previous
years. Yellowing occurred in fields with light sandy soils.
Lighter than usual for time of year in other peanut-growing areas.
(Campbell). OHIO - Adults and nymphs at economic levels in hay
throughout northern half of State. Counts in 2-3 fields by
county: In alfalfa - Henry 1.5 per sweep, Hancock 2 per sweep,
Williams 3.5 per Sweep, Huron 2 per sweep. In mixed clover and
timothy - Ashland 2 per sweep, Crawford 1 per sweep, Preble 42
per 50 sweeps. (Fox). WISCONSIN - Counts continued erratic:in
alfalfa; ranged 30-40 per sweep in some fields, 3-4 per sweep in
other fields. Counts high in soybeans, but may be due to stage of
growth of plants at time of migration. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
- 518 -
POTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) -— NEVADA - Controls
applied on seed alfalfa in Dixie Valley of Churchill and Pershing
counties gave good control on 900 acres reported infested in CEIR
22(31):495. (Stitt). Ranged 10-15 per sweep on 500-600 acres of
alfalfa hay near Battle Mountain, Lander County. Infestations
eavier but appear on decline. (Marvel, Rowe). Infested 2,000 acres
f seed alfalfa in Reese River, Lander County. Degree of infesta-
tion not reported but controls applied. (Hepworth, Stitt).
MISSOURI - Ranged 2-18 per sweep in southwest area forage. Most
sounts very low. (Munson). ARKANSAS - Increased slightly in north-
vest area; ranged 200-300 per 100 sweeps. (Boyer).
TOBACCO (Heliothis virescens) - VIRGINIA - Larvae light on
tobacco in Appomattox County. (Eagan).
ORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - NEW YORK - D. longicornis
(northern corn rootworm) adults emerged. Teneral adults observed
n field corn at Mandana, Onondaga County, July 28. Late sweet
corn near field corn should be protected as first silks emerge to
void silk destruction and pollination problems. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.).
NEW JERSEY - First D. longicornis adults noted in Salem County
uly 21. Adults totaled 25 per 60 ears in field near Stewartsville
July 28. Pupae easily found in soil near stalk bases, adults
umerous on silks in Hunterdon and Warren Counties August 2.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MICHIGAN - D. virgifera (western corn root-
worm) adults collected in Eckford Township, Calhoun County, July
24, by D.R. Rowe. Also noted in nearby fields. This is a new
county record. (Sauer). INDIANA - D. virgifera adults taken near
enton, Elkart County, and North Liberty, St. Joseph County. These
re new county records. Also taken from Kosciusko County field
nown infested in 1970, but not reported in 1971. (Meyer).
ILLINOIS - D. virgifera collected from field corn 8 miles north of
Litchfield, Montgomery County, July 28 by T. Cooley. This is a new
Bounty record. (111. Ins. Rpt.).
MISSOURI - D. virgifera ranged 0.5-3.5 adults per plant in some
irrigated cornfields in Lincoln County. Collected by G.W. Thomas.
This is a new county record. (Munson). NEBRASKA - Diabrotica spp.
populations generally heavier statewide; some scattered light to
moderate lodging reported. (Roselle et al.). One Platte County
field had 30-40 percent lodging with severe damage to brace roots.
(Kantor). Beetle emergence generally light in Dundy County; ranged
0-6 per plant in 8 fields. (Keith, O'Dea, July 27). UTAH - D.
virgifera damaged field and sweet corn in Box Elder, Cache, Davis,
Weber , and Morgan Counties. Some lodging at time of irrigation or
due to wind where infestation heavy. Adults ranged up to 20 per
cornstalk at some locations. Spread has been rapid since first
‘reported in State in 1970. Box Elder, Cache, Davis, and Morgan
‘are new county records. (Roberts, Knowlton). Heavy in Box Elder
County. (Lindsay).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MAINE - Continued very
Might; infestation less than one percent. Second-generation larvae
‘found in 2 cornfields in southern area. (Gall). NEW YORK - Second-
generation moths appeared in blacklight trap at Geneva, Ontario
County, July 15; none collected July 21-28, but pupae heavy in
area. Peak adult activity should occur in area about August 12.
yON.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Adults still increasing in blacklight
- 519 -
traps in Sussex County; averaged 31 per night in 5 traps. Egg
masses increased on corn and peppers in most areas. (Burbutis,
Kelsey). OHIO - Second-generation moths taken in blacklight traps
August 1; this is 7 days later than in 1971. Peak moth activity
should occur about August 21-30. (Rings). IOWA - Larvae infesting
12-24 percent of plants in Story County fields; 6-12 forms per 100
plants. Adult flight light. Second brood potential light. (Iowa
LNGice SUIS wR
MINNESOTA - First generation Ostrinia nubilalis pupation under-— --_
way. Few early moths taken in blacklight traps. Larval develop-
ment indicates second-generation will peak in about 14 days. Moth
emergence and egg laying may extend for several weeks. Second-
generation population should be low this year. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 3.8 per stalk in cornfield northwest of
Mitchell, Davison County. Field treated with insecticide not
recommended for aerial spraying for borer control. Most larvae
in last instar; some pupation noted. (Kantack). NEBRASKA - Second-
brood moth emergence increased at Plymouth and Clay Center, but
very light at Lincoln, Aurora, North Platte, and Concord. (Berogan
et ad.)
WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - NEBRASKA - Two early
planted cornfields in Dundy County had 0-5 percent of ear tips
infested with second to third instar larvae. In 6 late-planted
fields, egg masses ranged 0-2 and second instar, feeding on tassels}
plants; most larvae first and second instar, feeding on tassels.
Controls suggested for 2 of these fields. (Keith, O'Dea, July 27).
CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Caused some damage to
late grain sorghum in south-central counties. Some damage reported
to grain sorghum in Rolling Plains in Runnels, Knox, Tom Green,
Jones, Haskell, and Fisher Counties. Controls applied when infesta-.
tions averaged 2+ per head of sorghum in milk, soft dough, or dough}
stages. Conchuela appeared in grain sorghum in several South
Plains counties near Lubbock County. (Cole et al.). |
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Infestations
continued to be reported throughout State. Heavy in late sorghum
in south-central area. Also heavy in late-planted sorghum in north-,
central area about Denton County. Reported as far north as Baylor |
and Knox Counties in Rolling Plains. (Cole et al.). MISSISSIPPI - |
Averaged 5 midges per head in grain sorghum field in Oktibbeha |
County. (Ross).
BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Infested grain
sorghum in Sherman, Castro, Parmer, Swisher, Oldham, and Deaf
Smith Counties in Panhandle; no damaging populations reported to
date. Activity moderate to heavy on grain sorghum in El Paso
County. (Clymer, Neeb). NEBRASKA - Small colonies observed in 15
cornfields surveyed in Scotts Bluff County. Held in check by
cool, wet conditions, but expected to increase if weather becomes
dry. (Hagen).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - IDAHO - Infested lawns
in Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, and in Payette, Payette County.
Infestations apparently spreading. (Youtz, Gardner).
- 920 -
WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Damaged scattered
a in 1,300-acre rangeland area in Richland County. (Brandvik).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Continued
eavy in 100 acres of millet and hybrid pastures in Leake County.
(Robinson).
FORAGE LEGUMES
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - IDAHO - Heavy in 60,000 acres of
alfalfa in Jefferson County. Honeydew becoming problem in many
fields. Predators very light. (Gooch). In 25 sweeps of untreated
second-crop alfalfa hay at Kimberly, Twin Falls County, 693 aphids
collected; 8,010 collected in plots treated for alfalfa weevil.
Treatment had been made to first-growth alfalfa July 21.
(Carpenter).
LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) -— ARIZONA - Continued heavy in alfalfa in
Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) - IDAHO - Severly damaged spring
planted white clover in peas in Nez Perce County. Treatment of
Iclover after pea harvest essential to maintain clover stand for
973 seed production. (Storey, July 26).
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - IDAHO - Larval counts per 25
weeps, 50 in untreated second-crop alfalfa and 2 in treated plots
at Kimberly, Twin Falls County. Treatments had been made to first-
zrowth alfalfa hay July 21. (Carpenter).
GRASSHOPPERS —- WISCONSIN - Hatch incomplete in forage fields;
hymphal stages prolonged. Few Melanoplus femurrubrum adults
appeared in some sandier soiled areas. Melanoplus differentialis
comprised 50+ percent of population in many southeast area fields.
Grasshoppers ranged 1-20 (averaged 7) per sweep in La Crosse and
Vernon County area. Averaged 9 per sweep in Jefferson County
except for 25 per sweep in northwest part of county. Counts
ranged 10-40 per sweep in Racine, Kenosha, Waukesha, and eastern
Walworth Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - New first-
veneration adults laying eggs on soybeans in Wicomico County.
Treatments made on several Eastern Shore fields with 25+ percent
Jamage. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - This and S.
exigua (beet armyworm) light to heavy on soybeans in Crisp and
Sumter Counties. (Garner et al.).
A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) - IOWA - Collected on
Soybeans in Chickasaw County July 20 and in Winneshiek County
August 2. These are new county records. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
‘PEANUTS
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS -
Increased on peanuts throughout Blacklands area near Stephenville,
Erath County. Top soil in area dry, conditions favorable for
‘increase. Percent infestation as follows: Morgan 5, DeLeon (east)
30-35, DeLeon (west) 51, Gorman (north) 70, Eastland County 5-25,
cor
Cross Plains 1-30, Dublin 5-30, Tarleton Experiment Station 4.
None detected in peanuts surveyed in Fannin County. (Hoelscher ,
Turney).
GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - GEORGIA - Ranged very
light to heavy across peanut belt. (French).
COTTON
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - Continued below control
levels over western area. (Locke). GEORGIA - Counts per 100
terminals by county: Crisp, 3-121 eggs, 0-8 larvae; Wilcox, 29-155)
eggs, 6-13 larvae. (Nix, Hudson). MISSISSIPPI - Damaged squares
and bolls increased due to recent moth flight; however, most
fields under control. Percent infestation by section: Delta 2, J
hill 3, southern 5. (Robinson). LOUISIANA - Larvae and damage at |
low levels in Grant, Catahoula, and Tensas Parishes. Small larvae
found in few fields in Cheneyville area. Eggs being laid on
squares, blooms, and throughout plants. (Tynes, Aug. 1). Damaged
squares found in 45 of 48 plots in Madison Parish; infestation
ranged 1-10 (averaged 3.2) percent in 44 plots. Damaged squares
found in 6 of 11 fields checked; ranged 1-10 (averaged 3.1) per-
cent in infested fields. In Tensas Parish, damaged squares ranged
1-2 (averaged 1.5) percent in 4 of 6 fields checked. (Cleveland
et al.). OKLAHOMA - Percent damaged squares by H. zea ranged 1-6
percent in Muskogee County, 1-7 in Wagoner County, and 0-4 in
southwest and west-central areas. Averaged 15 percent in Marshall
County. Larvae per 100 terminals ranged O-5 in southwest area,
0-12 in Bryan County. High numbers of beneficial insects keeping
bollworms very light in Grady County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Square counts
ranged 1-57 percent in older cotton in western area. Some short
distance migration occurred. Second-generation weevils should
emerge about August 10. Conditions favorable for weevil buildup.
(Locke). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares ranged 1-4 in Wilcox
County, 2-13 in Crisp County. (Hudson, Nix). ALABAMA - Still
heavy, 10-70 percent square infestation, throughout south and
central areas. Infestations in proportion to controls. In many
fields in northern area, including mountain area, square damage
ranged 10-60 percent. Controls applied in extreme northern area,
including mountain and Tennessee Valley areas. Weather favorable;
infestations heavier than for several years. (McQueen).
MISSISSIPPI - Punctured squares generally unchanged over State,
but increased in few areas. Average percent punctured squares by
section: Delta 3, Hill 10, southern 5. (Robinson).
LOUISIANA - A. grandis damaged square counts increased sharply;
will continue to increase. (Tynes, Aug. 1). In Madison Parish,
percent punctured squares ranged 1-14 (averaged 5) percent in 44
of 48 plots; ranged 2-9 (averaged 9.3) in 11 fields examined. In
Tensas Parish, percent punctured squares averaged 1 in one field
and 4 in 1 field of 2 field checked that had received diapause
control treatment in fall of 1971. Infestations ranged 1-10
(averaged 5) in 4 untreated fields. (Cleveland et al.). OKLAHOMA -
Infestation ranged 0-12 percent in Kiowa, Jackson, Harmon, Greer,
and Tillman Counties. Second-generation adult emergence low.
Infestation ranged up to 24 percent in Washita and Caddo Counties,
25-30 percent in Grady County, 2-10 percent in Muskogee County,
4-40 percent in Wagoner County, 2-34 percent in Bryan County,
averaged 10 percent in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
- 522 -
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - MISSISSIPPI -
Infestations increased in scattered areas of delta area.
Infestations reported from Madison, Sunflower and Sharkey
Counties. (Robinson).
TOBACCO
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Economic infesta-
tions appearing on more advanced untreated tobacco in Charles and
St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Adults
increased on tobacco in Appomattox County; ranged 1-2 per plant.
(Eagan).
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damaged
at least 2 tobacco fields in Wake County; up to 10 larvae per
square foot under trash on the ground. In Wilson County, spots
with 2-5 larvae per plant noted in 8 of 10 fields surveyed. Damage
confined to lower half of stalk. (Lynn).
SUGAR BEETS
VARIEGATED CUfFWORM (Peridroma saucia) - MICHIGAN - Damaged sugar-
beets in Arenac, Bay, and Tuscola Counties and scattered fields
in Saginaw County. Appearance of larvae unusual this time of
season; growers urged to check for possible second generation.
(Ruppel).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - MINNESOTA - Surveys
in Red River Valley indicate damage not aS serious as first
believed; damage much less than in 1971. Very little loss of
flowers at present; only in field margins where losses averaged
10 percent or less in first 10-15 rows. Larvae maturing and dropping
off earlier plantings. Infestations on late sunflower plantings
still found but all light and should remain so. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - IOWA —- Larvae infested
100 percent of sunflower heads 3 inches in diameter or larger in
Polk County field. Larvae ranged up to 11 per head. Damage
potential severe. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - WISCONSIN - Outbreak
condition exists in eastern part of State. Larvae averaged 1+ per
plant on commercial potatoes in Kenosha County. Serious in
gardens in Dane County; up to 3 larvae per plant. Reported feeding
on ripening tomatoes. Serious in Waushara and Portage Counties.
Pupation began in southeastern area; about 80 percent parasitized
in area, primarily by tachina flies. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MAINE -
Larvae of this species, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) ,
and few Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) present in many potato
fields. Damage to date minimal. Treatments made due to large
numbers of P. saucia prevented much damage. (Gall).
- 523 -
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEVADA - Ranged 2-3 colonies
per leaflet on 100 acres of potatoes in Mason and Smith Valleys, |
Lyon County. Plants severely yellowed and withered. Controls
planned. (Lauderdale). DELAWARE - Ranged 66-156 per 100 leaves on
peppers in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MAINE -
Damage to potatoes decreasing. Many first-generation larvae
pupating. (Gall).
BEANS AND PEAS
WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) - IDAHO -
Damaging larval populations spotty in Several thousand acres of
lentils and peas in extreme west-central Latah County; treatments
made to heavier populations of 5+ larvae per square yard. (Storey,
Portman, July 26).
COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus) - GEORGIA - Heavy on untreate:
peas in Spalding County; damaged beans and peas in Floyd County;
damage very light on pole beans in Clarke County. (Dupree et al.).
PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) -—- IDAHO — Summer adults began
emerging July 25 in Latah County. (Tekleab). Young adults
congregating in maturing lentil fields; damage mainly to leaves.
(Futter, Portman, July 27).
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NEBRASKA - Larvae
ranged 10-15 per plant with 20-50 percent of plants infested in 30
bean fields in Scotts Bluff County. Controls applied to several
fields. (Hagen). GEORGIA - Infestations on lima beans in Spalding
County most severe of season. (Dupree).
WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata
undecimpunctata) - OREGON - Adult averages ranged 21-25 per 50
Sweeps, with up to 48 per 50 sweeps, in snap bean plantings near
Cornelius, Washington County, July 10-24. Controls good. (Collins).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - IDAHO - Infestation
general in maturing fields of commercial seed peas ready for
harvest in Latah County. Field peas in northern part of State
usually not infested by this pest. (Portman).
GENERAL VEGETABLES
MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - MARYLAND - Building up and becoming
problem in several watermelon fields in Caroline and Wicomico
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) — COLORADO - Heavy on garden
radishes and turnips in Fort Collins area, Larimer County; most
serious ever noted in area with some crops completely destroyed.
(Thatcher).
ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - OHIO - All stages on
asparagus checked in Knox County; adults ranged 6-10 per plant.
Eggs and larvae very numerous, pose potential threat to crop.
Damage to date light. Determined by E.H. Smith. (Fox).
- 524 -
: ECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
SODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - COLORADO - Second-brood
poche present in all fruit areas on Western Slope; ranged 20-50
ber pheromone trap per week in Mesa County orchards. (Bulla).
DRIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - COLORADO - Increased
in pheromone and bait traps on Western Slope, but counts still
low. (Bulla).
\PPLE-AND-THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana) - OREGON - Heavy
cin throughout much of northwestern area; several larval gen-
»rations severely skeletonized leaves of untreated apple, hawthorne,
ind to a lesser extent, cherry. Locally heavy damage seen in Salem
rea, Marion County, and in Eugene area, Lane County. (Penrose,
Tinker).
3HOTHOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults emerged
rom cherry trees at Gridley, Butte County, and from apricot
srees in West Sacramento, Sacramento County. More prevalent on
Jeciduous fruit trees this season than usual. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
3AN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - NEVADA - Collected
rom plum fruit at Las Vegas, Clark County, July 5 by D.F. Zoller.
Determined by R.C. Bechtel. This is a new county record. (Bechtel).
RUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - OHIO - Continued to increase
explosively in orchards in southern and central areas. (Holds-
worth). Increased rapidly in northern area orchards. (Hall).
[WOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - COLORADO - Heavy
in apple and pear orchards on Western Slope; ranged 20-100 per
eaf. Leaf bronzing evident. (Bulla).
3LACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Increased
pn pecans across State. Moderate to heavy in Brazos and Burleson
vounties; averaged 5 per leaflet on some trees. Heavy on isolated
trees in Pecos County; ranged 150-200 per 25 pecan leaves. Built
ap in North Central area near Denton and in Blacklands area near
Stephenville, Erath County. (Van Cleave et al.).
TALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy first-genera-
tion damage occurred over most of eastern two-thirds of State,
pSpecially on pecan, walnut, hickory, and persimmon. (Okla. Coop.
5Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy, damaged pecans in Denton County area.
(Turney).
“ITRUS
Insect Situation in Florida - End of July - CITRUS RUST MITE
(Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 84 (norm 70) percent of groves;
economic in 66 (norm 51) percent. Population continued to increase
and nearing Summer peak. Much above average and very high on
leaves and fruit. Although many groves will show decrease late in
August, numerous groves will continue to develop or maintain in-
festations into September. All districts high: South, west,
central, north, east. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi)
infested 68 (norm 66) percent of groves; economic in 48 (norm 42)
percent. Summer peak population occurred early July, about 14 days
- 525 -
later and slightly higher than average. Decrease to low level
expected by September. Highest districts west, central, and east.
CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 35 (norm 63) percent 0:
groves; economic in 10 (norm 35) percent. Population peaked early |
July at lowest summer level in 21 years of record. Will continue ~
in low range. Highest district south. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia |
oleae) infested 96 (norm 80) percent of groves; economic in 88
(orm 61) percent. Population peaked at normal time in early July,,
but at highest level in 21 years of record. Gradual decrease
expected. All districts high: Central, east, south, west, and
north. AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 36 percent of
groves; economic in 23 percent. Population increased and higher
than any prior month. Little change expected. GLOVER SCALE
(Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 78 (norm 77) percent of groves;
economic in 6 (norm 22) percent. Population of scale lower than
normal and infestations lighter. Little change expected from
present moderate level. Highest district west. PURPLE SCALE
(L. beckii) infested 70 (norm 68) percent of groves; economic in
2 (norm 6) percent. Population near normal and low to moderate.
Little change expected. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested)
34 (norm 60) percent of groves; none economic (norm 9 percent).
CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 42 (norm 52) percent
of groves; none economic (norm 9 percent). These scales below norm)
al,occur only as light infestations. GREEN SCALE (Coccus viridis))
infested 30 (norm 7) percent of groves; economic in 12 (norm 1
percent. More widespread and abundant than in any prior month in
21 years of record. WHITEFLIES infested 83 (norm 61) percent of
groves; economic in 34 (norm 25) percent. Population remains above|
normal and in high range despite expected decrease in August.
Highest districts east and central. MEALYBUGS infested 68 (norm 69!
percent of groves; economic in 13 (norm 2) percent. Population
below normal, in moderate range, and decreasing. (W.A. Simanton
(Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - COLORADO - Heavy
in ponderosa pine on Roosevelt National Forest. Infestation in-
creased 5 to 6-fold over that of 1971 and is in serious epidemic
status. (Thatcher).
PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) - MINNESOTA - Mostly pupae |
in northern Pine County; adults emerging. High percentage of
pupae parasitized or diseased. Very few egg masses found as of
August 2. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - IOWA - Collected in Dubuque
County July 28 for a new county record. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
MISSOURI - Pupation and emergence of second generation underway
in southern areas. Many Chinese elms defoliated. (Munson).
OKLAHOMA — Third-generation larvae emerged on Siberian elms in
Pontotoc County, defoliation nearing 100 percent in many areas.
Second-generation larvae, pupae, and adults common in Payne
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heavy in north-central area
counties near Denton, in Rolling Plains in Motley, Baylor, and
Kent Counties, and in counties near Amarillo, Potter County.
(Turney et al.).
= 526 -
ADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta) - MAINE - Larval popu-
lations collapsed in most deciduous areas where heavy earlier in
eason. Now appears defoliation will be light or nonexistent in
ost locations but with heavy defoliation on understory trees.
(Gall).
NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista canicosta) - MICHIGAN - Oviposition
complete. Most egg masses parasitized. Heavy mortality in first
and second instars. Defoliation obvious in areas with heavy pop-
ulations. (Eiber, Sauer).
BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - TEXAS - Continued to
damage cedars throughout Rolling Plains area. Damage heavy in
Motley; moderate in Hall, Baylor, and Wilbarger Counties; moderate
to heavy in Knox County. (Boring).
MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Scattered
heavy damage to mimosa reported from Payne, Oklahoma, and Bryan
ounties. Bryan is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
PLANT BUG (Tropidosteptes pacificus) - OREGON - Late instar
nymphs economic on 12,000 ash (Fraxinus oresona) trees in large
field nursery in eastern Multnomah County. Feeding damage to lower
leaves apparent, controls applied. (Nicoliason).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,841 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 23-29
as follows: Texas 3,684, New Mexico 47, Arizona 93, California 2,
Oklahoma 15. The 5 most heavily infested Texas counties were:
Gonzales 150, Atascosa 114, Gillespie 110, Kinney 103, De Witt 97.
Total of 996 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile flies
released this period in U.S. totaled 184,596,000 as follows:
Texas 152,406,000; New Mexico 6,310,000; Arizona 17,570,000;
California 650,000; Oklahoma 1,600,000; Louisiana 4,500,000;
Arkansas 1,560,000. Total of 1,140,000 sterile flies released in
Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Annoyance to cattle high;
adults ranged 30-100 per head in Howard, Carroll, and Prince
Georges Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged
12.7 per animal on 20-month-old Hereford bulls in Caldwell County.
(Gregory). ILLINOIS - Averaged 24 per head on several herds in
Ogle County. (111. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Ranged 40-70 per head on
untreated beef cattle in Polk County. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA -
Ranged 10-15 per face on untreated and about 8 per face on treated
Yange herds in Keith, Arthur, Logan, McPherson, and Lincoln
Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy). SOUTH DAKOTA - Populations fluctuated;
ranged 50-150 (averaged 35) per face on cows July 22 and 7-15
(averaged 10) per face July 29. On calves, ranged 2-30 (averaged 7)
on July 22 and 2-7 (averaged 4) per face on July 29. (DelFosse).
NORTH DAKOTA - In sandhills area of Richland County, ranged 13-50
(averaged 29) per face on calves and 7-22 (averaged 12) per face
On cows in same herd. Ranged up to 5 (averaged 1) per face on
buffalo on Sullys Hill Game Preserve in Benson County. (Brandvik).
- 527 -
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MARYLAND - Adults ranged 30-50
per animal on beef cattle in Frederick and Howard Counties.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Counts heaviest in western area;
ranged 50-350+ per head on Hereford cattle in Darke County, up
to 40+ in Preble County. (Fox). MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 175-200 per iM
animal on 375 cattle in Montgomery County. (Robinson). ILLINOIS - |
Averaged 110 per animal on several herds in Ogle County. (111. }
Ins. Rpt.)}. OKLAHOMA - Ranged 100-125 per head on cows and averaged)
1,500 per head on bulls in Payne County. Heavy in Pontotoc County,
moderate to heavy in Bryan County, light to moderate in Roger
Mills County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Averaged 500+ per
animal on untreated range herds in Keith, Arthur, Logan, McPherson,
and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy). NORTH DAKOTA - Ranged up
to 300 (averaged 150) per buffalo on Sullys Hill Game Preserve
in Benson County. (Brandvik). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per side on
cows ranged 75-900 (averaged 550) July 22 and 200-600 (averaged
500) on July 29. Counts per side on bulls ranged 1,200-1,500 on
July 22 and July 29. (DelFosse).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - MARYLAND - Adults ranged 10-30 |
per animal on beef cattle in Frederick and Howard Counties. (U.
Md., Ent. Dept.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 22 per animal on several
herds in Ogle County This is increase from 4 per head during mid-
July. (111. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 20-25 per leg on un-
treated feedlot animals in Lincoln County. (Campbell, McEvoy).
MOSQUITOES - OHIO - Very heavy in northeast area due to high
temperatures and humidity last period, particularly in Ashland
and Summit Counties; up to 400 per trap per night. Aedes sticticus, ;
A. stimulans, A. triseriatus, A. trivittatus, A. vexans, and
Culex spp. dominant. Less than 50 per trap per night taken in
Knox County. A. sollicitans and A. trivittatus increased in Lake
and Ashland Counties, reSpectively. (Ohio Dept. Health).
MINNESOTA - As predicted, light trap catches of A. vexans increased
sharply July 30. Emergence complete as of August 2. Flooded areas
north of Minneapolis and Saint Paul can expect high nuisance for
next 14-21 days. Recent cool evenings restricted adult mosquito
activity somewhat. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Annoying in several
areas of Summit, Duchesne, Wasatch, and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton |
et al.).
LONE STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on dogs
in Pontotoc and Pushmataha Counties; heavy on cattle in Pontotoc
County, moderate on cattle in Pushmataha County. (Okla. Coop.
sibbes)) 3
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes stenostigma) - OHIO - This larval
parasite of Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) recovered June 12 at
release site near Wooster, Wayne County, by J.K. Flessel. Deter-
mined by J.K. Flessel. Confirmed by R.J. Dysart. This is a new
State record. B. stenostigma originally released at this site
June 25, 1968, and May 22, 1970. (Flessel).
A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) - MICHIGAN - Recovered for
new county records as follows: Alcona June 16 by M. McGuire;
Alpena June 15 by A. Nickels; Genesee June 7 by A.Johnson; Ionia
June 8 by D. Patrick; Isabella June 7 by L. Webb; Jackson June 10
by H. Spink; Kalamazoo June 12 by R. Bailey; Lake June 8 by
- 528 -
. Dostal; Lapeer June 5 by L. Dorr; Oakland June 7 by W. Muller ;
gemaw June 10 by R. Kaarre; Saginaw June 9 by R. Vasold;
hiawassee June 15 by R. Austin. All determined by F.W. Stehr.
riginally released in these counties in 1971 as parasites of
Julema melanopus (cereal leaf beetle) larvae: June 9 in Alcona,
Yenesee, Ionia, Isabella, Jackson, Lake, Lapeer, Oakland, Ogemaw,
nd Saginaw; June 10 in Alpena and Shiawassee; June 17 in Kala-
azoo. For recoveries, O. melanopus larvae were collected and
eared to full growth; if present, I. julis emerged. (Sauer).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
3IANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) - FLORIDA - Adults taken at
5 locations in Opa Locka, Dade County, July 14 by G.S. Spencer
nd E. Holder and at 3 canal bank locations close to above proper-
ies in Opa Locka July 17. (Spencer et al.).
3RASS BUGS (Labops spp.) - UTAH - Caused much damage to planted
ange grasses in Browns Park area of Daggett County. Damaged
ange grasses over Uintah Mountains north of Vernal, Uintah
Sounty; and at Wolf Creek Pass, Duchesne County. (Haws, Partridge).
SRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Mostly nymphs ranged 3-5 per sweep in meadow
reas at Locomotive Springs, Box Elder County; problem throughout
county. Melanoplus sanguinipes ranged 2-7 per sweep in scattered
range areas of Box Elder County and 1-4 per sweep at Wolf Creek
ass, Duchesne County. (Knowlton, Lindsay). NEVADA - New county
records as follows: Ageneotettix deorum at North Twin River, Nye
County, July 1, 1971, by R.C. Bechtel and P.C. Martinelli.
Amphitornus coloradus ornatus at Virginia City, Storey County,
August 3, 1971; Chorthippus curtipennis at Sweetwater, Lyon County,
Beeust 26, 1971; Melanoplus cinereus cinereus at Carson City,
lormsby County, August 8, 1971, and at Lagomarsino Canyon, Storey
forth < July 13, 1972; Mermeria bivittatus maculipennis one mile
orth of Beatty, Nye County, August 12, 1971; Spharagemon
collare at Yerington, Lyon County, August 2, 1972; Trimerotropis
latifasciata 5 miles north of Walker Lake, Mineral County,
August 25, 1971, and I. strenua at Carson City, Ormsby County,
August 19, 1971, all by G.M. Nishida. All determined by RaCe
Bechtel. (Bechtel). WASHINGTON - Adults and late instars, mostly
M. sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, Aulocara elliotti, and Oedaleonotus
enigma economic throughout eastern rangeland areas. Moved from
untreated desert rangeland to cropland. Crop damage reported in
most counties. In some areas repeated treatments necessary.
Private control programs conducted in Whitman and Adams Counties
on estimated 20,000 acres of range and crop lands. At Fruitvale,
Yakima County, nymphs and adults averaged 3 per sweep in alfalfa
seed field July 28. (Gregorich).
‘IDAHO - Grasshoppers ranged 12-18 per square yard over 100 acres
of rangeland on Fort Hall Indian Reservation in Bingham County
July 21. (Kunkel). Ranged 10-50 per square yard on 1,000 acres of
alfalfa, grain, and rangeland in Stack Rock area near Boise, Ada
‘County, July 24; crop damage ranged 10-90 percent. (Peterson).
\M. sanguinipes seriously stripped 8,000-10,000 acres of dryland
falfalfa hay and rangeland grasses in Whitebird area of Idaho
County. Population 15 percent late instar nymphs, 85 percent
adults. Egg development evident in females. (Mink, Portman).
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- 529 -
MONTANA - M. bivittatus, M. Sanguinipes, and M. packardii ranged |
40-50 per square yard along roadsides for 10+ miles east of |
Froid, Roosevelt County, week ending July 28. (Pratt). MINNESOTA —-
M. femurrubrum nymphs more noticeable. Ranged 45-54 per square a4
yard in grassy alfalfa field in Steele County; only economic in-
festation reported. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Male adult taken
in sex-lure trap in oak tree in mobile home park at North Charles—.
ton, Charleston County, July 17. Determined by V.H. Owens. Con-
firmed by E.L. Todd. This is first specimen taken in county and is
considered a regulatory incident until evidence of infestation is
found. (PP). FLORIDA - Two mummified larvae, 2 dead adults, 1
dead pupa, and several egg masses intercepted on objects inside i}
horse trailer at Inverness, Citrus County, recently arrived from |
infested area. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). TENNESSEE - Adult collected in |
camp ground at Regean Forge, Sevier County, July 27 by S. Johnson
and R. Applegate, and adult collected in camp ground at Cosby,
Cocke County, July 29 by S. Johnson et al. Determined by V.H.
Owens. Confirmed by E.L. Todd. Until further survey and scouting
is completed to verify the nature of these situations, they will
be considered as regulatory incidents. (PP).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NEW JERSEY - Damaged corn
silks in scattered Warren County fields. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
PENNSYLVANIA - Adults heavy on various hosts in Cranton, Lacka-
wanna County, by July 20; often caused complete defoliation
(Lawrence); also in Snyder, Union, Montour, and Northumberland
Counties, and at Farmington, Fayette County (Rusnock, Maust).
Total of 5,483 adults taken in 16 bait traps at location in
Centre County July 26 through August 3. (Adams). MARYLAND -
Adults above normal in most sections, but declining. Favorable
weather for grub development probable reason for heavy statewide
populations. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Remained very light
in most areas. (Allen). TENNESSEE - Adult collected in motel
parking lot at Cookeville, Putnam County, by J.F. Williams July 31!
Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by J.M. Kingsolver. This is
first specimen taken in county and is considered to be an inter-
ception until evidence of infestation is found. (PP).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - Trap
inspection continued negative in San Joaquin Valley. Total of
5,141,250 sterile moths released this period. Total of 19,665,750
released this season. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA =)
Survey revealed infested 8-acre vineyard at San Jose, Santa Clara |
County. Treatment and survey continued. Hot weather caused much
damage to crops; grapes in some counties severely damaged, drying
on vines. This complicates inspection. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Adults
heavy on peanut foliage in 16-acre field near Marl Community;
also widespread and heavy in field north of Webb, Houston County.
Controls recommended. (McQueen).
- 530 -
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HAWAII INSECT REPORT
(
ten — CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) severe in 4 acres of sweet
yn at Waimanalo, Oahu; LOO percent of mature ears with eggs
d/or early larvae on silks or in ear tips. CORN LEAF APHID
hopalosiphum maidis) light on leaves in same planting; about 5
reent of aphids parasitized by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a
saconid). (Kawamura).
|
sneral Vegetables - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza
yp.) generally light in 5,000-square-foot planting of cucumber
sedlings at Waimanalo, Oahu; moderate on older 1-2 leaves.
irval mines moderate in 0.25 acre of green onion at Makawao,
ui; Acrolepia assectella (leek moth) light and Tetranychus
nnabarinus (carmine spider mite) light in this planting.
iyahira). BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) larvae severe in
stioles and stems in small yard planting of snap beans at Pearl
ty, Oahu; 100 percent of seedlings affected. Heavy in two yard
antings of snap beans at Kahului and Haliimaile, Maui; killed _
5-100 percent of seedlings. Bean fly activity about nil in most
her yard plantings at Kahului, Waikapu, and Puunene. Heavily
afested long bean petioles collected in late June at Wailuku,
2ui, and on Kauai; 44 and 56 percent parasitized by Opius spp.
osraconids), respectively. (Ah Sam et al.). GREEN STINK BUG
Nezara viridula) egg cluster collected from lightly infested
ore planting of eggplant at Waianae, Oahu, during mid-July 100
ercent parasitized by Trissolcus basalis (a scelionid wasp).
Bomura)-
orest and Shade Trees — CUBAN LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips
icorum) nymphs and eggs light in fluted terminal leaves of 30
QNinese banyan (Ficus retusa) trees at Punchbowl, Oahu; adults
cace. A predator, Montandoniola moraguesi (an anthocorid bug)
il. On all trees, G. ficorum appears in initial stages and may
ccount for absence of this very effective predator. GREENHOUSE
ARIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) nymphs and adults moderate on
pout 10 percent of Pinus sp. saplings at Kula, Maui. Chemical
ontrol recommended. (Ah Sam, Miyahira).
i
eneficial Insects - LANTANA LEAF BEETLE (Octotoma scabripennis)
ymphs and adults heavy in wasteland lantana at Hookena, Kona,
awaii; 600 adults collected in one hour. (Yoshioka). Adults of
CIOMYZID FLIES (Sepedon sauteri and S. macropus) light to moderate
a 2 acres of taro at Waimanalo, Oahu. (Otsuka).
mae ONS
@IR 22(29):466 and 22(30):486 - SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera
ilycines) - Both notes should read: Determined by V.H. Owens.
bnfirmed by A.M. Golden. (PP).
EIR 22(30):480 - MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS - A FLEA BEETLE
Longitarsus waterhousei) - OREGON - " ... Adults averaged 472 per
weep ... " should read "Adults averaged 47.2 per sweep ay
Penrose).
EIR 22(30):481 - GENERAL VEGETABLES - OHIO - " ... in Wayne
ounty." should read " ... in Washington County."
EIR 22(31):493 - ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - OHIO - "
ounty, June 14-20." should read " ... July 14-20." (PP).
- 531 -
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TRAP COLLECTIONS
LIGHT
Gainesville 7/28-8/3
FLORIDA
IOWA
Beaconsfield 7/21-27
Castana 7/21-27
Kanawha 7/21-27
Hiawatha 7/27, 31
Manhattan 8/1
Scandia 8/1
KANSAS
Adrian 7/26-8/1
Maybee 7/23-29
Shelby 7/23-30
MICHIGAN
- 532
Crookston 7/26-8/1
Fergus Falls 7/26-8/1
Shakopee 7/26-8/1
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI (County)
Sharkey 7/28-8/3
Washington 7/28-8/3
Portageville 7/28-8/3
MISSOURI
Lincoln 8/3
North Platte 8/3
Scottsbluff 8/2
NEBRASKA
Strafford 7/31
NEW HAMPSHIRE (County)
NEW JERSEY
Centerton 7/25-31
Evesboro 7/25-31
Lumberton 7/25-31
7)
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Wooster 7/28-8/3
OHIO
PENNSYLVANIA (District)
Central 7/27-8/2
Southeast 7/27-8/2
Southwest 7/27-8/2
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Montgomery 6/27-7/2
Petersburg 6/25
Warsaw 6/25-7/1
VIRGINIA
Hartford 7/25-31
Lancaster 7/25-31
Mazomanie 7/24-8/1
WISCONSIN
DETECTION
New State Records - AN ICHNEUMON WASP (Bathyplectes stenostigma) ||
OHIO - Wayne County. (p. 498). :
New County Records - ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) IOWA -
Dubuque (p. 526). A EULOPHID WASP (Tetrastichus julis) MICHIGAN -|
Alcona, Alpena, Genesee, Ionia, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo,
Lake, Lapeer, Oakland, Ogemaw, Saginaw, Shiawasee (pp. 528-529). |
GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Ageneotettix deorum, Nye; Amphitornus
coloradus ornatus, Storey; Chorthippus curtipennis, Lyon; Me lano-—||
plus cinerus cinerus, Ormsby, Storey; Mermeria bivittatus maculi-_.
pennis, Nye; Spharagemon collare, Lyon; Trimerotropis latifasciati|
Mineral; T. strenua, Ormsby (p. 529). A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomy-
cterus setarius) IOWA - Chickasaw, Winneshiek (p. 521). MIMOSA
WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OKLAHOMA - Bryan (p. 527) SAN
JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) NEVADA - Clark (p. 525)./
WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MICHIGAN - Calhoun. |
INDIANA - Elkhart, St. Joseph. UTAH — Box Elder, Cache, Davis, ~
Morgan. ILLINOIS - Montgomery. MISSOURI - Lincoln (p.-"bope
Weather of the week continued from page 516.
TEMPERATURE: A cold front stretched from the middle Atlantic
coast to eastern Texas on Monday July 31, producing minimums in
the 60's and 70's over the Deep South. This front dissipated but
another front moved into the Nation from Canada. About midweek,
it extended from New Mexico to New England. A warming trend
occurred south of new front. Afternoon temperatures reached the 4]
90'S over much of the South. Wichita, Kansas, and Gage, Oklahoma, |
registered 100 degrees Wednesday when the mercury at Wichita
Falls, Texas, climbed to 101 degrees. A cooling trend north of
the front held afternoon temperatures in the 60's and 70's and
dropped early morning temperatures into the 40's and 50's. Grand
Forks, North Dakota, recorded 33 degrees Thursday morning. The
Northwest warmed. Yakima, Washington, registered 90 degrees or
higher on several days. Blythe, California, in the Southwest,
recorded 120 degrees Monday and Tuesday afternoons but only 110
degrees on Thursday. The weekend brought warmer afternoons to
the Great Plains and cooler mornings to the Northeast. Chadron,
Nebraska, registerd only 63 degrees Thursday afternoon but 94
degrees Saturday. Lemon, South Dakota, recorded 60 degrees
Thursday, 89 Saturday. Early morning temperatures at Buffalo, Newi}
York, on Thursday and Saturday were 70 degrees and 45 degrees,
respectively. Minimums were common in the Deep South over the
weekend. Temperatures averaged above normal west of the Rocky
Mountains, over the Florida Peninsula, and along the southern
Atlantic coast, and below normal over most of the rest of the
Nation. Most of the northern and central Great Plains and norther?
prairies averaged 6 to 10 degrees warmer than normal.
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ROA
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300
0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 OOOL
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR=
ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
PRE SES a
=
VOL. 22 No. 33 a August 18, 1972
: 4
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material. |
ee
re
All reports and inquiries. pertaining to this)rellease, |
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Economic Insect survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 August 18, 1972 Number 33
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
if
Current Conditions
}
CORN LEAF APHID heavy on grain crops in several Eastern and
Central States. POTATO LEAFHOPPER heavy on alfalfa and beans in
Wisconsin; economic on hay in southeastern Ohio. (p. BS) 6
'Second-—brood EUROPEAN CORN BORER moth emergence and egg laying
underway in southern Illinois, but heavy second brood not expected
in State. Pupation and moth emergence slowed by cool weather in
Minnesota, moth activity increased in central New York. (op. 538).
BANKS GRASS MITE increased on corn in Arkansas Valley of Colorado.
Rp O39).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER heavy and damaging several crops in south-
east Alabama. (pp. 539, 540, 542).
ALFALFA WEEVIL damage to alfalfa worst in 12 years in northern
Utah this season. (pp. 539-540).
‘BOLL WEEVIL increased in Florence area of South Carolina, remains
heavy in southern and central Alabama. BOLLWORM activity increased
in cotton in several Southern States. (pp. 541-542).
Detection
A SAWFLY reported for first time in West Virginia. (p. 544).
For new county records see page 550.
Reports in this issue are for week ending August 11 unless other-
wise indicated.
= 535 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional SulpxipaliesCEyNCSs Gad b000cocoKoaDooODSS 537
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....538 Potatoes, Tomatoes,
Sievilil” (Geesinsy ose ss bio 6 U acid 539 PEPDEL'S sys aieierese eh ous «2 wks, etapa
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...539 Beans and Peas............- 542
Forage Legumes.........-.0-- 539) Colle) Crops k:.. 34 ceo -542
SOW s oaebGonoudeddcon dd 540 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .544
PeanutsS.......--+e+seseecrees 5940 Ornamentals..............-. 544 9]
(CONPCOMS 5 5 ols Golho oe Sloe ou o .....-041 Forest and Shade Trees..... 544 |
ManandivAna malls Sy. -aevenemelens Braye
Hawada, LnSeet MREp OG Gerais cvsie,cileie) a: epere el cele) oper elle) clfe ee 2) oiaslnlolkcait= t-te Ral 9043 |
Benet iciat. InSeEG tS s5s. th eseets el sucgs. w sheesic ways ooo ree koleash =p keneae ne 046
Kederal and State Plant Protection Programs)... « -caeincleser-iceiene 546
Light Trap, Col bee tions ore es nee 0 s\sic ms «nies oie cue + eke ieneniagne ee 548
DAC COTTON foro css esses Sueuene neue. oa ous Shs, eh eaeieckonsl obs) =) suoes lshelone cMcM Menten aaa a Mens 550-
Weather ot “the, Week). 5 os :cwus cusps <ceucice! «eek omeneusiiesoieuene! Meio Neiet ie a ae 550
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-AUGUST TO MID-SEPTEMBER 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-August to
mid-September is for temperatures to average below seasonal
normals over New England, Texas and most of the Southeast. Above ©
normal averages are expected in northern and central portion of {
both the Intermountain Region and the Plains as well as the upper —
Mississippi Valley and the upper Great Lakes. In unspecified
areas near normal temperatures are in prospect. Rainfall is
expected to exceed normal over the south Atlantic Coast States,
Texas, the central and southern Intermountain Region,and the nor thi
Pacific Coast. Subnormal totals are called for over northern and
central portions of both the Plains and the Mississippi Valley.
Elsewhere near normal rainfall is indicated.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day |
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National |
Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of
Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
- 536 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - VIRGINIA - Larval counts in field
corn remain low in Coastal Plain area; infestation averaged 24.5.
ranged 0-68, percent in 9 counties surveyed north of James River
and east of City of Richmond. Heaviest in Middlesex and Lancaster
Counties, about same as in 1971. (Allen). Infested 80 percent of
ears in untreated sweet corn at Painter, Accomack County. Adult
emergence should increase and peak in Accomack and Northampton
Counties in late August. (Hofmaster). TENNESSEE - Infested 10-15
percent of corn ears in fields of Lincoln and Franklin Counties.
(Cagle). ILLINOIS - Second-generation increased on sweet corn in
Madison and St. Clair Counties. Single adult taken in light trap
in Champaign County. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1 per
head in 25 percent of heads in 2 grain sorghum fields in Muskogee
County. Heavy in forage sorghum in Bryan County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). COLORADO - Light to moderate on corn in Mesa and Delta
Counties. (Bulla).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in
sorghum in Jackson, Tillman, and Pottawatomie Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy, 100+ per plant, on late seeded
barley (tillering stage) in Cass County. Controls applied.
(Brandvik). WISCONSIN - Heavy in whorls of untasseled corn in
central and northern counties. Very light in well tasseled plants
in western counties. Few colonies in western area on undersides
of leaves. Lady beetles numerous in infested fields in all areas.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). ILLINOCIS - Heavy and damaged late corn in south-
east district. Heavy rains apparently aided in reducing some heavy
infestations in central district. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA -
Heavy on sweet and field corn throughout State. (Adams). MARYLAND -
Heavy on 700+ acres of field and sweet corn on Eastern Shore.
GUaeMde, Ent) Depit -):.
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 200-300 per
plant in scattered Sorghum fields in Tillman County. Still light
on corn in Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Popula-
tions appear under control in most sorghum checked in Arkansas
Valley; however, in few instances, damage severe to lower 5 or 6
leaves; averaged 1,000+ per plant. In few fields of 6 to 18-inch,
late-planted sorghum, whole plants severely damaged. (Schweissing).
ARIZONA - Built up on milo in Stewart District, Kansas Settlement,
and Elfrida areas of Cochise County. (Kozloski).
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) -—- WISCONSIN - Averaged 5 per
Sweep in alfalfa in Wood, Marathon, Lincoln, and Marquette
Counties. Some fields in Wood County showed yellowing symptoms;
this condition masked in most cases elsewhere. Counts on beans in
Outagamie County remained high, ranged 1-5 per leaf. Very light
on beans in central part of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OHIO -
Heaviest infestation to date reported from Miami County; adults
and nymphs averaged 15 per sweep in 25 acres of alfalfa. Yellowing
evident, controls applied. Economic in southeastern area hay
fields; however, population increase in most counties negligible
compared with surveys 21 days ago. Adult and nymphal counts by
county: On alfalfa - Washington 2 per sweep; Pike, 2.5 per sweep;
Meigs, 1 per sweep; Ross, 1.5 per sweep. On mixed clover and
timothy - Meigs, 23 per 50 sweeps; Fairfield, 2-3 per sweep. Adults
and nymphs ranged 2-3 per plant on carrots in Fairfield County.
Very heavy populations damaged navy beans in Henry County.
(Kroetz, Fox). PENNSYLVANIA - Continued to increase on alfalfa
and potatoes throughout State. (Adams).
- 537 -
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Increased
in alfalfa on Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - Light to moderate, averaged 150 per 25 sweeps, in
alfalfa at Los Padillas and Parajito, Bernalillo County.
(Heninger). OKLAHOMA - Counts per 10 sweeps of alfalfa by
county: Muskogee 2,000, Le Flore 350, Tulsa 30, Sequoyah 25.
@killae Coopes Suge).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - MARYLAND - D. longicornis
(northern corn rootworm) adults ranged 1-4 per silk in 100 acres
of field corn in Carroll and Frederick Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). MICHIGAN - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) adults
collected and determined by R.F. Ruppel. Specimens taken from
5 fields of field corn in Vevay Township, Ingham County, for
a new county record. D. longicornis adults found in one-third
of fields checked in Ingham, Jackson, Lenawee, Monroe, and
Washtenaw Counties; common in about half of infested fields.
(Sauer). ILLINOIS - Survey completed in 370 fields to determine
adult populations of D. longicornis and D. virgifera. Generally,
populations heavier than in 1971. Number of Diabrotica spp.
adults per 100 plants in 1972 compared with 1971 (in parentheses)
by district: Northwest 98 (64), northeast 36 (106), west 109
(64), central 111 (55), east 73 (55), southwest 95 (0), southeast
8 (0). Populations heaviest in west and central districts.
Heaviest counts in Champaign County (east district) with 338
beetles per 100 plants and in Woodford County (central district)
with 245 beetles per 100 plants. D. virgifera found in Montgomery
County for a new county record. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.).
MISSOURI - D. virgifera light on corn in east-central area. Adults
collected in St. Charles, St. Louis, and Warren Counties. These
are new county records. (Munson). MINNESOTA - Diabrotica spp.
adults ranged 5-15 per plant in occasional field in southern half
of State. Some controls applied to insure good pollination.
(Minn. Pest Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 6 D. virgifera forms
per plant in untreated areas of field of late-planted corn south
of Canton, Lincoln County. Larvae 20 percent, pupae 60 percent,
teneral adults 20 percent in 8-inch cube of soil and roots.
(Jones). MONTANA - Adults of D. virgifera light on silks of all
corn in Billings area, Yellowstone County. No silk damage seen;
corn pollinated before adults appeared. (Pratt, Aug. 4).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NEW YORK - Moth
activity increased in central area. Growers with corn entering
midwhorl stage should apply protective treatments. (N.Y. Wkly.
Rpt., Aug. 7). DELAWARE - Adults in blacklight traps averaged 24
per night for 5 locations in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
ILLINOIS - Second-brood moth emergence, egg laying, and egg hatch
underway in southern third of State. Moth emergence just begun
in central area, will begin in northern area in about 7 days.
Late-developing first-brood larvae still present in all sections.
First-generation survey on field corn revealed low borer popula-
tion; heavy second generation not expected in State. (I11. Ins.
Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Cool weather slowed pupation and moth emergence.
No egg masses found. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
- 538 -
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA -
Larvae, heavy and widespread, damaged grain sorghum fields in
Houston County. Damaged 50+ percent of 8 to 12-inch high grain
sorghum stalks in a Henry County field. (Roney et al.).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MARYLAND - Infestations
ranged 5-17 percent in several hundred acres of late-planted corn
statewide. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 2 per
head in grain sorghum in soft dough stage in Tipton area, Tillman
County. (Oklla. Coop. Sur.).
CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - OHIO - Heavy
populations damaged Putnam County corn. Very unusual for this
pest to seriously affect corn so late in season. (Blair).
GRASSHOPPERS - MARYLAND - Melanoplus spp. nymphs caused local
damage to several hundred acres of field corn in Frederick,
Carroll,and Howard Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - COLORADO - Increased
on corn in Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, and Bent Counties. Popula-
tions ranged from light on lower leaves with little damage, to
heavy through middle leaves (Some mites as high as twelfth
existing leaf) with "burning" on lower leaves. Most populations
light to moderate through middle leaves with little "burning."
Predatory mites, beetles, and bugs numerous in many fields.
(Schweissing). NEVADA - Heavy on corn and required treatment in
Fallon area, Churchill County. (Hilbig).
SMALL GRAINS
HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - ILLINOIS - Light in wheat
stubble again this year; averaged 4 puparia per 100 tillers
throughout area surveyed in southern half of State. (111. Ins.
Rpt)
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA -
Larvae destroyed first year plants of Bahia grass seeded on 8-
acre field in Geneva County. About 80 percent of grass stand
lost and unless controls applied, remaining plants will die.
CCarsrolbla et.al.) :
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - VERMONT -
Apparent in most areas in second-crop alfalfa, although damage
not as extensive as on first cutting. (MacCollom). MASSACHUSETTS -
Larvae mined 13 percent of leaves in untreated, mature alfalfa
stand in Berkshire County. (Capinera, Aug. 4). PENNSYLVANIA -
Many pinholes found on leaflets in 3 alfalfa fields in Northamp-
ton and Bucks Counties. Determined by K. Valley. (Kim).
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEW MEXICO —- Counts per 25
Sweeps in alfalfa at Los Padillas and Parajito, Bernalillo
County: Adults 2-5, larvae 4-22. Damage light to moderate.
(Heninger). UTAH - Damage to alfalfa this season worst in 12
years in northern counties, especially in Cache and Box Elder
- 539 -
Counties. Adults now leaving fields. (Davis). WISCONSIN - Larvae
and adults still seen in northern Oconto and southern Marinette
Counties. Ranged 5-10 per 10 sweeps in nearly all alfalfa fields
iniarea,. (Wis. ins. "Surs)):
LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - COLORADO - Ranged 0-1,000 per 100 sweeps
in Arkansas Valley alfalfa; problem only in alfalfa being grown
for seed. (Schweissing).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - UTAH - Heavy to damaging in
many alfalfa fields in Box Elder County. (Lindsay).
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) -— MARYLAND - New
adults building up and depositing eggs in several soybean fields
on lower Eastern Shore. To date very few fields show foliage
injury over 25 percent. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Below
economic levels in all fields surveyed in New Kent, Henrico,
King William, Middlesex, Lancaster, Richmond, Westmoreland, Essex,
and King and Queen Counties. Present adult levels in some fields
may result in damaging larval populations. (Allen). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Beetles ranged 3-20 per row foot, caused 25 percent
damage to 50 acres of soybeans in Dillon County. (Moody).
,
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Light in 6 of
17 soybean fields checked in Tulsa, Wagoner, Muskogee, Sequoyah,
and Le Flore Counties. Ranged up to 1 per linear foot in one
Muskogee County field. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ee ee eee ee
A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Dectes texanus texanus) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Adults on soybeans over most of Washington, Tyrrell, Beaufort,
and Hyde Counties. Up to 1 per row foot noted in Hyde County.
Egg laying in weeds and soybeans underway. Fields with heaviest
adult populations should be harvested first. To date, early
harvest only means of controlling loss. (Richardson, Hunt).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - OHIO —- Populations
increased rapidly in central area soybeans. About 10 percent of
foliage in Vinton County covered with mites. Situation potentially
dangerous; sustained dry weather could cause population
"explosions" and heavy damage. (Blair, Eisely).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA -
Larval feeding heavy and widespread on soybeans in Houston
County. Young plants in 20-acre Covington County field damaged.
(Roney et al.).
PEANUTS
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA -
Larval damage very heavy in 50 percent of fields examined in
southeast area. Larvae destroyed average of 9 peanuts for each
30 under some vines in Geneva County field. Although surveys
difficult, larvae observed in all fields examined. Damage heavy
and widespread in Houston County peanut fields. (Reynolds et al.).
OKLAHOMA - Heavy in peanut field in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop.
Suice))
- 540 -
GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - FLORIDA - Severe on 20
acres of runner type peanuts at Blountstown, Calhoun County.
Collected by J. Wyrick. Determined by J.R. Strayer. (Fla. Coop.
Sur.). ALABAMA - Six of 25 fields examined in Covington, Geneva,
and Henry Counties with damaging infestations of 2-15 larvae
per 2 row feet. Larval increase expected soon in southeast area.
(McQueen).
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Second generation
emerged, counts range 4-95 percent punctured squares in regularly
weevil infested western area. Local migration to late cotton
noted; long range migration expected by August 15. Some fields
mature enough they are no longer attractive to migrating weevils.
Watch late rank cotton very closely. Conditions ideal for popula-
tion increase. Controls needed in all late cotton in regularly
weevil invested area. (Locke). Punctured squares ranged 5-40 per-
cent in central area. (Cagle). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations
increased gradually in Florence area; movement should be apparent
by mid-August. Adults ranged 0-817 per acre in treated plots,
0-535 per acre in untreated plots. Larval infestations ranged 1-4
percent in treated plots, 6-34 percent in untreated plots. (Taft
Chal voeAUus., 2).
ALABAMA —- A. grandis infestations still heavy in southern and
central areas; generally 10-70 percent square damage. Infesta-
tions in proportion to controls. Square damage ranged 10-60
percent in most fields in northern area. Controls applied in
extreme northern area. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Punctured squares
decreased over State with "hot spots" in hill section; as high as
60; percent in southern area. Average percent punctured squares by
section: Delta 3, hill 7, south 7. (Robinson). LOUISIANA -
Damaged squares increased. Growers should maintain 5-day schedule
in fields already under treatment. (Tynes, Aug. 8). TEXAS -
Punctured squares averaged 5.2 (maximum 11.4) percent in 5 treated
fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Averaged 11 (maximum 26.5)
percent in 6 untreated fields. (Cowan et al., Aug. 3). OKLAHOMA -
Percent infestations ranged as follows: 45-50 in several dryland
cotton fields in Blair area, Jackson County; O-15 in other areas
of Jackson, Tillman, Harmon,and Greer Counties; 0-65 in Caddo and
Washita Counties; 5-15 in Garvin County; 8-12 in Marshall County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - Increased, egg and larval
counts ranged 0-4 per 100 terminals in western area. Eggs out—
number larvae. Infestations still belcw control levels. (Locke).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Moth activity and oviposition greatly increased
in Florence area. Up to 30 percent damaged squares reported.
Larval infestations ranged 1-6. percent in treated plots, 1-5
percent in untreated plots. In 3 light traps in Florence area,
105 H. zea and 4 H. virescens adults taken. (Taft et al., Aug. 2).
MISSISSIPPI - Moth flight heavy in all sections. (Robinson).
LOUISIANA - Egg counts increased in some fields in central Red
River Valley. Increased egg laying expected in most fields. (Tynes,
Aug. 8). TEXAS - In 5 treated fields in McLennan and Falls
Counties, eggs averaged 5.9 (maximum 14.3) and larvae 3.5
(maximum 9.2) per 100 terminals. In 6 untreated fields, eggs
averaged 7.4 (maximum 11) and larvae 4.1 (maximum 10.8) per 100
terminals. Injured squares averaged 6.9 (maximum 17.8) percent
- 541 -
in 5 treated fields. Injured bolls averaged 3.9 (maximum 7.2) |
percent in 5 treated fields, 7.2 (maximum 14.5) percent in 6
untreated fields. Of 199 larvae collected on cotton, 151 deter-
mined as H. virescens. (Cowan et al., Aug. 3). OKLAHOMA - Egg
counts increased in Jackson, Tillman, Harmon, and Greer Counties.
Larvae ranged 0-9 per 100 terminals and damaged square counts 0-6
percent. Damaged squares ranged O-55 percent in Caddo and Washita
Counties with higher numbers in treated fields. Damage ranged
10-15 percent in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
COTTON FLEAHOPPER (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus) - OKLAHOMA -
Averaged 190 per 100 sweeps in late planted irrigated fields in
Caddo and Washita Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - OKLAHOMA — Moderate numbers |
caused some damage to squares and young bolls in Tipton area, |
TilinanCountye (Okla. “Cooph sur.)
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OREGON - Counts, mostly
apterae, ranged up to 2 per bottom leaf near borders and 1 per 10
bottom leaves in open areas of 45-acre potato field near Wilson-
ville, Washington County. Field treated 3 times past 15-20 days;
control fair. (Collins). Counts again high in Mitchell Butte and
Newell Heights area potato fields in Malheur County August 3-4;
decreased sharply August 7-8. Counts in most traps in area
ranged 0-2. (Henninger).
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - OHIO - Late
instar larvae ranged 2-23 per potato plant in Meigs County;
caused moderate damage to stems and foliage. Larvae less abundant
on potatoes in Jackson County, averaged 3 per plant. (Fox).
POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - MICHIGAN - Late emerging
adults heavy in nonsystemic treated potato fields in Montcalm
County. (Cress).
BEANS AND PEAS
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA -
Larvae heavy and damaging in 3,000 acres of commercial table peas
in Geneva County. Fields ranged from mature to 2-leaf stage.
Plants in 2 fields of 2-leaf stage up to 8-leaf stage had 2-15 deac|
plants per 20 row feet; many live plants damaged and will be killed
or seriously injured prior to production. (Reynolds et al.).
il
/
COLE CROPS
IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - OHIO - Early and late
larvae per head of cabbage by county: Meigs - ranged 0-10,
averaged 7; Jackson - ranged 0-6, averaged 4; Fairfield - ranged
3-4. Some heads stunted in Meigs County. (Fox). MARYLAND -
Economic populations damaged broccoli and other cole crops in
Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - WISCONSIN —- Larvae about
all pupated in southern Dane County, still active in some fields
in Langlade County where many larvae only half grown. Some nearly
full grown larvae seen feeding in heads of cabbage in Outagamie
County along margin adjacent to area in which weeds had been
dascedhia Was wins sumice))ie
- 542 -
DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella xylostella) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae
caused moderate to heavy damage to collards in Greenwood County.
(Thomas) .
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
heavy in 5-acre pasture of Kikuyu grass at Kapahi, Kauai;
averaged 23 larvae per square foot. On Maui, trace infestation
in pastures of Kikuyu grass at Kipahulu. Light spotty damage
with less than one larva per square foot in infested spots.
Moderate number of eggs recovered; approximately 50 percent
parasitized by Trichogramma semifumatum (a minute egg parasite).
H. licarsisalis light in same host situation at Hana; averaged
1.25 larvae per square foot. Effects of previous infestation
remain heavy in spots. (Sugawa, Ah Sam).
General Vegetables - TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella)
heavy in 0.75 acre of eggplant at Pearl City, Oahu; 85-90
percent of leaves in this old planting damaged or infested; many
leaves with 4 or more larvae. Heavy in adjacent 0.1 acre of
tomato Seedlings; plants closest to eggplants most adversely
affected. Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp. )
moderate to heavy in small acreages of long beans, club gourd
(Lagenaria vulgaris), togan (Benincasa hispida). and seequa
(luffa acutangula) at Pearl City, Oahu. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY
(Trialeurodes vaporariorum) eggs and nymphs heavy in 0.5 acre
of long beans; adults moderate in 0.25 acre of seequa. (Kawamura).
Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) light to
moderate on 50+ coconut trees at Keehi Lagoon Park, Oahu.
Generally light in small planting of banana at Pearl City; about
10 percent of leaves (mostly old) with moderate to large
colonies. Larvae and adults of Telsimia nitida (a lady beetle)
light and moderate. respectively, in each situation. (Kumashiro,
Kawamura) .
Ornamentals - SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) collected from
Anthurium sp. flowers and stems in l-acre greenhouse at
Waimanalo, Oahu, by K. Kawamura June 6 and 30. Populations light
and spotty on both dates. Determined by L.M. Russell. (Kawamura).
Man and Animals —- Mosquito collections during July from 58 light
traps on Oahu totaled 150 Aedes vexans nocturnus and 1,466 Culex
pipiens quinquefasciatus. Aedes catches ranged 0-121 at Kahaluu.
Culex catches ranged 0-753 at Waipahu. (Mosquito Control Branch,
State Dept. of Health).
- 5943 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - OREGON - Increased in
Farmington View area, Washington County. Counts per trap increased
from 79 last week of July to 250 first week of August. (Larson).
PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - UTAH - Infested pears at Providence,
Cache County. This is a new county record. Now known to occur
in Weber, Box Elder, Davis, Salt Lake, and Cache Counties. (Davis,
Wadley). WASHINGTON - Adults, mostly females, in flight at Yakima,
Yakima County. (Landis).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - COLORADO - Heavy
in Mesa County and parts of Delta and Montrose Counties. Mites
ranged 50-100 per leaf in heavier infestations turning foliage
brown where controls not applied. Heavy infestations mostly in
apple orchards, few in pear orchards. (Bulla).
ORNAMENTALS
A SPIDER MITE (Petrobia harti) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults collected
from juniper (Juniperus chinensis sargenti) near Allentown,
Lehigh County, by L.L. Signarovitz. Determined by R. Lehman. This
is a new county record. No collection date available. (Kim).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Rhyacionia bushnelli) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae
damaged planted stands of ponderosa pine on Lake Ilo Wildlife
Refuge, Dunn County. (Brandvik).
A SAWFLY (Caliroa lineata) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae caused 20
percent defoliation of 2 white oaks at Fayetteville, Fayette
County. Specimens collected by J.M. Atkins June 27, 1972, deter-
mined by A.R. Miller. This is a new State record. (Hacker).
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - NORTH DAKOTA -
Eggs hatched in Killdeer Mountain area, Dunn County. Up to 70
first and second instar larvae on oak and birch leaves. Light
skeletonizing seen; some mortality. (Brandvik). MISSOURI - Pupa-
tion began, high populations expected. (Kearby).
MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - TENNESSEE - Caused much
damage to mimosa in western part of State. (Locke).
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate de-
foliation of elm trees occurred statewide. (Robinson). TENNESSEE -
Heavy on elms in western area. (Locke). KENTUCKY - Moderate on
elms in Jefferson County. (Barnett, Hedger). UTAH - Damage moder-
ate to severe on elms at Brigham City and several other Box Elder
County communities. Trees skeletonized in some Salt Lake, Emery,
Cache, and Weber County localities. (Lindsay et al.).
LOCUST LEAFMINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) - WEST VIRGINIA - Caused
70-80 percent damage to foliage of most black locust in Jackson
County. (Cole, Hacker). TENNESSEE - Heavy in western area. (Locke).
ASTATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MISSOURI - Reports
numerous from central, east-central, and southeast Ozark areas.
- 544 -
Lighter than 1971 but wider area infested. Adults collected in
Boone County by W.S. Craig. This is a new county record. (Munson).
POPLAR-AND-WILLOW BORER (Cryptorhynchus lapathi) - IDAHO - Larvae
destroyed willow clumps used for shade around trailer-home lot at
Dike Lake near Soda Springs, Caribou County. (Alldaffer).
SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations
moderate to heavy on sycamore trees in Tulsa, Muskogee, and
Cherokee Counties. Heavy in Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - MISSOURI - Heavy in Ashland
area of Boone County and in Vichy area of Maries County. These
areas defoliated by this insect in 1971. (Kearby).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,666 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period July 30 through
August 5 as follows: Texas 3,516; New Mexico 65; Arizona 64;
California 1; Oklahoma 20. Heaviest infestations during period
were in Texas as follows: Uvalde 114, De Witt 102, Gillespie 95,
Gonzales 91, Val Verde 86. Single case reported from Bowie County,
Texas. Total of 935 cases confirmed in Mexico. Screwworm is the
heaviest in northern Mexico since case incidence information was
started there in 1962. Number of sterile flies released this
period in U.S. totaled 184,548,000 as follows: Texas 160,208,000;
New Mexico 3,760,000; Arizona 19,330,000; California 750,000;
Arkansas 500,000. Total of 25,300,000 sterile flies released
in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - WISCONSIN - Heavier than usual build-
up on dairy cattle in Richland County. Light to moderate in
Chippewa and Columbia Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY -
Average per animal on various breeds of cattle by county: Clark
10.9, Bourbon 12.8, Fayette 11.4, and Jefferson 15.0. (Barnett).
MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 10-15 per face on untreated cattle in Monroe
County. (Combs).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 250 per head
on cows and 1,500 per head on bulls in Payne County. Ranged mod-
erate to heavy in Garvin County and moderate in Pawnee and Hughes
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Heaviest, 200+ per side, on
Hereford and Holstein cattle in Pickaway, Ross, and Perry Counties.
Lighter, 0-4 on 10 head examined, on Charolais cattle in Morgan
County. (Fox). MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 100-150 per head on cattle
in Leake, Oktibbeha, and Jefferson Davis Counties. (Robinson).
FLORIDA - Counts per head averaged 131 on untreated dairy cows .
and 392 on untreated beef cattle near Gainesville, Alachua County.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 3 per head
on untreated dairy cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
MOSQUITOES - VERMONT - Annoying in areas adjacent to marshes and
uncut meadows. (MacCollom). NEVADA - Aedes dorsalis, A. nigroma-
culis, and Culex tarsalis adults heavy in southern Washoe County.
(Alcorn et al.).
- 545 -
AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - VERMONT - Female
removed from dog at Perkinsville, Windsor County. First specimen
seen in 7 years. Records of this tick are scarce in State.
(MacCollom, Aug. 9).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
A PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL (Microlarinus lypriformis) - FLORIDA -
Larvae and pupae collected from puncturevine at Lake Worth, Palm
Beach County, July 31 by W.H. Pierce. This is a new county record.
(Fla. Coop. Sur.). First reported from State in CEIR 22(23) :337.
(PP). Z
LADY BEETLES - IDAHO - Larvae and adults increased several fold as
result of aphid population explosion on filberts, celery, tomatoes,
and corn in Moscow area, Latah County. (Portman).
MELYRID BEETLES (Collops spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Counts of 5,000-10,000
per acre common in cotton in Jackson and Tillman Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
GRASSHOPPERS - WASHINGTON - Ranged 15-150 per square yard in
Spokane County. (Kelsey). OREGON - Rangeland species, mainly
Camnula pellucida, infested range areas of upper Klamath Marsh,
Klamath County, during June and July; counts increased to 100 per
square yard in spots. Controls applied on 6,000 acres second week
of July gave satisfactory results. (Wilcox). Adults and nymphs,
mostly Melanoplus sanguinipes, averaged 40 per 100 sweeps in
22-acre clover field and up to 25 per 50 sweeps in 30-acre potato
field in Washington County. (Collins). NEVADA - Ageneotettix
deorum collected 2 miles north of Virginia City, Storey County,
August 3 by G.M. Nishida. Determined by R.C. Bechtel. This is a
new county record. (Bechtel). UTAH - Grasshoppers heavier than in
recent years in Box Elder County; damage light to moderate in many
localities. (Lindsay). Moving into alfalfa and gardens in Utah
County; damage increased. (Horne). Heavy on rangelands in Skull
Valley, Tooele County. (Davis).
IDAHO - Grasshopper controls completed July 31 on total of
1,242,705 acres in 8 areas. (Pollard). MONTANA - M. Sanguinipes,
Amphitornus coloradus, M. dawsoni, and other species ranged 15-20
per square yard on 1,200 acres of range at Russian Flats in Belt
Mountains of Meagher County. (Pratt, Aug. 4). NEW MEXICO —- Caused
problems on rangelands and croplands adjacent to rangeland in
Chaves and Eddy Counties week ending August 4. Currently, no
economic infestations found in Dona Ana, Luna, Grant, or Hidalgo
Counties. (Hare). NORTH DAKOTA - Adults noneconomic in Traill,
Walsh, and Benson Counties. Light in south-central and northern
Richland County; some economic infestations in northern part of
county. Light and economic infestations scattered throughout
eastern half of Cass County. Few light infestations in north-
central Grand Forks County. Mostly noneconomic, few light scat—
tered infestations in southern and western Burleigh County. Light
and economic infestations present in southwest Emmons County.
(Brandvik, Grasser). MINNESOTA - Infestation of second instar
nymphs to adults of M,. femurrubrum averaged 27 per square yard in
Olmstead County field. Roadside counts along State Highway 25 in
Sibley County, ranged up to 81 per square yard. Counts heaviest
where white clover present. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
- 546 -
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - RHODE ISLAND - Egg laying general
in Washington, Kent, and Providence Counties July 28 through
August 4. Males numerous. Many diseased and/or parasitized pupae;
unspecified parasitic larvae emerged and pupated from P. dispar
pupae held in laboratory. (Relli, Field). NORTH CAROLINA - Three
adult males taken in sexlure traps, 1 each in Orange, Davie, and
Dare Counties. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by E.L. Todd.
Until further survey and scouting is completed to verify the
nature of these situations, they will be considered as regulatory
incidents. (PP).
_ JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Feeding on
vegetables and ornamentals at several locations over State.
(Blyth, Aug. 4). RHODE ISLAND - Adults active over State. Popula-
tions heavier than in 1971. (King, D'Andrea). Troublesome in
Providence, Kent, and Washington Counties during period July 28
through August 4. (Relli et al.). MARYLAND - Adults feeding on
fresh silks caused poor pollination of several hundred acres of
late maturing corn in Frederick and Montgomery Counties. Popula-
tions declined rapidly in most areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
TENNESSEE - Adult trapped in Grundy County near Mounteagle by
L.H. Parker August 3. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by
J.M. Kingsolver. This is first specimen taken in county and is
considered to be an interception until evidence of infestation
is found. (PP). MICHIGAN - Increased over 1971 catches at Wayne
County location. Adults numbered 18 July 6, 72 July 12, and
70 July 17. (Sauer).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - CALIFORNIA - First non-
sterile moth of Season taken August 3 in trap 5 miles southeast
of Cawelo, Kern County. No additional forms found. Summer storms
occurred at same time of year in area as in past years. (Cal.
Coop... Rpt...) .
RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to
heavy scattered infestations found in northwest Chaves County and
in several northeastern counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt., Aug. 4).
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) -CALIFORNIA -
New infested area detected between 2 known infested areas at San
San Jose, Santa Clara County. Infestation now totals about 35
square miles. Treatment followed survey. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Adults feed-
ing on leaves in all peanut fields and all soybean fields examined
in Covington, Geneva, and Henry Counties. Ranged 1-5 adults per
6 feet of row in heavier infestations. (Reynolds et al.).
WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey
and parasite releases continued in San Diego, San Diego County.
Thousands of adults emerged in one square mile of heavily infested
area due to current hot weather. Available parasites moved into
this area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
- 347 -
TRAP COLLECTIONS
LIGHT
Tempera-/itation/Type of
548
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<3) = = = = a (eo)
TRAP COLLECTIONS
LIGHT
- 549
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~m~SO0O PRBOF Bot HOMO o tone HONS
of AHS G AX DH XD Homes NHAE
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(eo) Ay n is is > =
DETECTION
New State Record - A SAWFLY (Caliroa lineata) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Fayette County. (p. 544).
’
New County Records - ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus)
MISSOURI — Boone (pp. 544-545). A GRASSHOPPER (Ageneotettix
deorum) NEVADA - Storey (p. 546). PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola)
UTAH - Cache (p. 544). A PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL (Microlarinus
lypriformis) FLORIDA - Palm Beach (p. 546). A SPIDER MITE
(Petrobia harti) PENNSYLVANIA - Lehigh (p. 544). WESTERN CORN
ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MICHIGAN - Ingham. ILLINOIS -
Montgomery. MISSOURI - St. Charles, St. Louis, Warren (p. 538).
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 14
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Widespread thunderstorms, some locally heavy,
occurred over the eastern half of the United States in connection
with frontal systems that swept eastward from the western Great
Plains to the Atlantic Ocean. Thunderstorms also occurred from the
southern Great Plains to the Altantic seaboard in warm humid air
that lay over the Southland. Showers occurred on several days but
amounts were uneven ranging from traces to 2 inches or more over
the East. Many western areas received no rain. Others received
up to 0,25 inch.
TEMPERATURE: Weekly mean temperatures averaged above normal over
the Far Northwest, the Great Basin, the northern and central
Rocky Mountains, the western edge of the northern Great Plains, and
along the gulf coast. Elsewhere weekly mean temperatures were
cooler than normal. Storm systems sweeping across the northern
part of the Nation cooled the eastern two-thirds of the Nation.
Minimum temperatures dropped to the 40's over the northern Great
Plains and to the 50's over the central Great Plains early in the
week. By midweek, the Northeast was registering early morning
temperatures in the 40's and 50's; at Bradford, Pennsylvania, 34
degrees Friday morning. The West was warm to hot most of the week.
Temperatures reached 100 degrees or higher each afternoon in the
southwestern deserts. Furnace Creek, California, registered 121
degrees Tuesday afternoon. The soil temperature at Furnace Creek
was 194 degrees. The Far Northwest was hot early in the week. The
Dalles, Oregon, recorded 110 degrees Monday and Pendleton, Oregon,
registered 111 degrees Tuesday. Cooler air moved into the Northwest
late in the week when afternoon temperatures in Washington and
Oregon ranged from the 60's along the coast to the 70's and 80's
at inland stations. The 90-degree heat moved eastward across the
North. For instance, Wednesday afternoon when Glasgow, Montana,
recorded 98 degrees, the maximum at Fargo, North Dakota, was 75
degrees. By Sunday afternoon, 90-degree heat had reached Fargo.
Autumnlike weather prevailed over the Northeast until the weekend
approached. Maximum temperatures over the Northeast were generally
in the 60's and 70's until Sunday when some spots warmed to the
80's. Boston, Massachusetts, recorded 87 degrees Sunday afternoon.
Near normal temperatures prevailed over the Southeast with little
day to day change.
- 550 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 ee roar:
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
anos SMINLISMIAL22 34037 0901
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR-
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
VOL. 22 No. 34 ¢22 August 25, 1972
Cor
Ey
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF ~
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Economic Insect Survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 August 25, 1972 Number 34
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
|
Current Conditions
CORN EARWORM problem on sweet corn in some Eastern and Central
States. Parasitism of GREENBUG increased in several Midwestern
States. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID serious threat to alfalfa in
Arkansas Valley of Colorado. (pp. 554-555).
WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM generally heavier on corn in Nebraska than
past several years. (p. 556).
BOLL WEEVIL and BOLLWORMS increased in several cotton-producing
States. (pp. 558-560).
VARIEGATED CUTWORM threat to potatoes in central Maine. (p. 560).
BEAN APHID built up on beans throughout Michigan. (p. 561).
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH increased on peaches in southwestern Oregon.
FALL WEBWORM damaged pecans in Rolling Plains and Southeast areas
of Texas. (p. 562).
DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH serious on firs over 130,000 acres in
northeast Oregon; extends into southeast Washington. VARIABLE
OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR expected to be heavy over much of Ozark region
‘of Missouri this season. (pp. 562, 563).
Detection
A REDUVIID BUG reported for the first time in Hawaii. This is
a new United States repord, but is not known to occur in the
continental U.S. (p. 567).
For new county records see page 561.
Special Reports
Distribution of Spotted Alfalfa Aphid. Map. (p. 570).
Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 18 unless
otherwise indicated.
- 551 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional) Sieniticance. 458 ene ae 553)
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane..... 555 Miscellaneous Field Crops.560 |}
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland....557 Potatoes, Tomatoes,
Forage’ Legumes: «feb as sais ates 557 P@PPer'S'. acc = 2) ee ee - 960
SOV DEAS ELS SS abelerstone she lal stoners 508 Beans and Peas. . oo. see 561
PE AUN Sheree, ais sl Gl dich tevieias ts) oh ero top site aye 5958 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.562
COMO 3 cle tasaue shied eicear gs oe anceatestiole 008 Ornamentals... >... eee 962 ||
(ROWAC CO's. chsie ts tence) sysienacae veus tensions 560 Forest and Shade Trees....562 —
Man, and Anima lS?) 563 |
De tee tion eee Aa St OR ee et 5619
Correctionsl i lel. SEAS PE MR Re 961
Beneficial, INS. wii. si ae ates weiklinr a ate sere eee, oe 564.
Federal and State Plant_Protection Programs.........3.00ooooe 565)
Hawaii Insect) Report.25.3% 20. ae, a a, 567 |
Light Trap Collections .. 2.66 6 6c ee ot ees ohele ote ee ee 568 |
Distribution of Spotted Alfalfa, Aphid .\ Map). 2...) eee 570)
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 21
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Thundershowers spotted warm humid areas in the
South. These areas extended from the southern Great Plains to the |
middle and southern Atlantic coast. In general, these showers were |
mostly light. Other thundershowers, some locally heavy, occurred
in connection with fronts. These were over the northern Great
Plains and eastward to the Great Lakes. A tornado near Chrisholm
in northeastern Minnesota Wednesday injured 1 person, destroyed a
barn, killed a horse, and leveled trees. Several tornadoes touched
down in Ohio Thursday afternoon. One of the storms destroyed
several dwellings in northeastern Ohio. Another unroofed some
barns and broke windows a few miles north of Mansfield. A tornado
took off tops of some trees at Green Bottom, West Virginia,
Thursday afternoon. Severe thunderstorms hit Wisconsin and
Michigan late Friday and early Saturday. Other thunderstorms
struck Minnesota Sunday. Areas in the Rochester vicinity received
hail with heavy showers. Hail as large as golf balls and water
measured 3 feet in depth at Plainview. Heavy thunderstorm activity |
also occurred in spots in the South. A thunderstorm accompanied by |
winds gusting to 60 m.p.h. dumped almost an inch of rain in an
hour at Atlanta, Georgia, Sunday. Other thunderstorms occurred in
the Pacific Northwest, the Rocky Mountains, and from the Ohio River
Valley to southern New Engiand. Weather of the week continued on |
page 566.
S02) i
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MAINE - Continued problem on
corn; mostly light or noneconomic, with one field severely
damaged. Late corn or corn not yet tasseling most likely to be
damaged. Infestations heaviest in western and central areas.
Larvae severely defoliated 14 acres of grass hayland near
Belfast, Waldo County. Damage light to moderate in nearby grass
field. In 14-acre field, about 70 percent of larvae dead; no
treatment had been made in this field. Mortality due to disease.
(Gall, Aug. 11). NEBRASKA - Light on irrigated corn in Dawson
County. Present in most fields, but damage not economic; near
full grown. (Campbell et al., Aug. 11). KANSAS - Caused 25 per-
cent foliar loss in Stevens County cornfield; larvae, mostly
fourth instar, averaged 2.5 per plant, mostly behind sheaths of
lower leaves. Most damage to leaves on lower halves of plants.
Many pupated, some parasitized by tachina flies and wasps. Similar
situation reported in Stafford County cornfield; percent parasitism
high. P. unipuncta light in corn in Grant and Seward Counties. No
treatment reported, period August 7-11. Current blacklight trap
collections indicate significant moth flights in Finney and
Republic Counties. (Bell). NEW MEXICO - Damaging irrigated pasture
at Ocate, Mora County. (J. Durkin). ALABAMA - This species and
Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) heavy in localized Coastal
Bermuda grass fields in Macon, Talladega, and Chambers Counties.
(Bowling et al.). GEORGIA - Light on millet in Meriwether
County. (Godowns).
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moths and eggs found
on sweet corn for first time this season in Martinsville area of
Somerset County. (Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.). MARYLAND - Ear infestations
ranged 4-50 percent in sweet corn for processing in Caroline
County. Generally increased in ears in all sections. @UEy Mare:
Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Light in corn in mountain counties of
Augusta, Rockingham, Rockbridge, Botetourt, Roanoke, and Montgo-
mery. Based on 10 fields sampled, 2 percent of ears infested.
Infestation less than for this area in 1971 and less than current
infestation in Coastal Plain area. (Allen). GEORGIA - Ranged 1-10
per row foot across peanut belt. (French). ARKANSAS - Increased
but reached treatment level in very few soybean fields. Larvae
in 19 of 25 fields in Desha, Lincoln, and Jefferson Counties;
infestation above treatment level in 2 fields. Highest count 3.4
per row foot. Lighter in Grand Prairie area. Only few fields
infested in northeast and east-central areas. Next 21 days critical
for infestations in soybeans. (Boyer).
MISSOURI - Light, (mainly first and second-instar larvae) 3-14 per
100 heads, in compact headed varieties of sorghum in southwest
area. Plants with 1-9 percent whorl feeding seen in late planted
fields. (Craig). MINNESOTA - H. zea larvae infested corn through-
out southwest, west-central, and central districts; 10+ percent
of ears infested in 75 percent of fields in southwest district.
Infestations spotty in central district; ranged up to 20 percent.
Heaviest in west-central district where 50 percent of ears
infested. Larvae problem to growers of canning or market sweet corn.
(Minn. Pest Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Generally light statewide in field
and sweet corn. Infested ears averaged less than 1 out of 10 in 13
fields of field corn checked in Lancaster, Seward, Butier, Merrick,
and Howard Counties. (Berogan). KANSAS - Infested 95 percent of
late corn ears in Linn County. Larvae usually absent but
occasionally very light in sorghum heads in southeast district.
- 553 -
None found in soybeans. Averaged 2 larvae per 10 sweeps in 10-
inch alfalfa in Elk County. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Heliothis zea
moderate in grain sorghum in Kay County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
NEW MEXICO - Heavy on corn at Santa Fe, Santa Fe County; larvae
in 80 percent of ears. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Infestations of
sweet corn ears ranged 0-3 percent in Cache and Box Elder
Counties, 0-5 percent in Weber County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA -
Larvae, mostly first and second instar, increased in sweet and
field corn. Larvae in alfalfa in Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MAINE - Continued to
increase on corn; Severe in 7 fields. Fungus very apparent;
counts showed 90 percent of aphids dead in fields infested
earlier. (Gall). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Built up on tassels of Sweet
corn. (Bowman, Aug. 17). MARYLAND - Heavy populations on corn
declining due to parasitism and predation. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - Infestations in corn in mountain counties of Augusta,
Rockingham, Roanoke, and Botetourt under control; probably due to
predators. (Allen). KANSAS - Some grain and forage sorghum treated
for heavy whorl infestations near Walnut, Butler County. Surveys
in area revealed some moderate to heavy whorl infestations in
late planted sorghum, but infestations declining rapidly as crop
reaches boot stage. (Bell). ARIZONA - Increased in Yuma County
grain sorghum. (McHenry).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 150-300 per
lower leaf in 4 sorghum fields in Red Willow and Frontier Counties; _
indicates slight increase. Parasitism increased; 1-20 percent of
aphids mummified. (Campbell, Aug. 9). KANSAS - Decreased in sorghum
generally in southwest district where parasitism by Lysiphlebus
testaceipes (a braconid) continued to increase. Few economic S.
graminum infestations in Southwest district. Parasitism 5
increased in west-central and northwest districts. (Bell, Aug.
11). Currently very light or nonexistent in sorghum throughout
State. Ranged zero to maximum of 12 live aphids per plant in
sorghum surveyed in west-central and northwest districts;
parasitism by L. testaceipes ranged 70-100 percent. In southeast
district, up to 30 S. graminum per sorghum plant found in Butler
County; none or trace infestations seen on sorghum in Elk,
Cherokee, Crawford, and Bourbon Counties. (Bell).
ARKANSAS - No S. graminum found in most northeast and east-
central area sorghum; very low counts in Independence County.
Rains and high humidity important in reducing infestations that
were very heavy in some areas 28 days ago. (Boyer, Aug. 11).
OKLAHOMA - Heavy in sorghum in Caddo and Washita Counties; heavy
parasitism reported. Predators and parasites reduced numbers to
light in Beaver County sorghum during the past 14 days. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Heaviest on sorghum in scattered fields in
Knox, Hardeman, and Jones Counties. Light in Martin and Midland
Counties, moderate to heavy in Pecos and Reeves Counties, all in
Trans—Pecos area. Decreasing in most sorghum in South and High
Plains. In most fields in Lubbock area, braconid parasites all
but eliminated greenbug infestations. Greenbug generally declined
on High Plains due to parasites. S. graminum lighter over area
than for past several years. Beneficial species aided in keeping
infestations under control. (Boring et al., Aug. 11). NEW MEXICO -
Populations remain medium to heavy on all stages of sorghum in
Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
- 5954 -
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - OHIO - Adults and nymphs
ranged 0.5-3 per sweep in hay fields in Preble, Clark, Fayette,
Butler, and Union Counties and in mixed clover and timothy in
Clermont, Montgomery, and Fayette Counties. Yellowing of hay
evident in Clark, Fayette, and Union Counties. (Fox). INDIANA -
Economic, about 50 per sweep, in one central district alfalfa
field. Alfalfa mostly newly cut or short regrowth, ranged up to
20 inches. (Meyer).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KANSAS - Some
significant infestations found in alfalfa in Sedgwick and Reno
Counties; heaviest infestations caused very little leaf shedding.
Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle) usually heavy in
heavier infested fields; appear to be exerting much control. T.
maculata ranged 200-2,500 per 10 sweeps in 5 fields of 8 to 12-
inch alfalfa in Sedgwick County, 150-1,500 per 10 sweeps in 3
fields of 5 to 10-inch alfalfa in Reno County. (Bell). COLORADO -
Increased in most areas of Arkansas Valley; ranged O0-3,000 per
100 sweeps. Serious threat to new stands of alfalfa already
planted or those to be planted. (Schweissing). NEVADA - Ranged
40-50 per sweep in seed alfalfa. Heavy buildup of predators, 5-6
per plant and 20-30 per sweep, in Dixie Valley, Pershing County.
(Lauderdale).
TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - OHIO - Damage light on less
than 10 percent of tobacco plants checked in Preble and Butler
Counties. Damage ranged light to moderate on 60 percent of plants
checked in Brown County. (Fox).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Stalk and
ear infestations increased steadily in field and sweet corn on
Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Adults in black-
light traps averaged 9 per night at 5 locations in Sussex County.
(Burbutis, Kelsey). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First brood pupated. Some
moths in flight. (Bowman, Aug. 17). MICHIGAN - Adult activity
increased generally. When comparing this second generation
emergence to past years, it appears to be right on time. (Sauer).
WISCONSIN - Blacklight trap catches indicate heavy moth activity
in some areas, no Significant increases in other areas. Egg masses
exceed one per 10 plants in few fields of sweet corn in Waushara
and Green Counties. Some treatment underway August 15 in Columbia,
Green Lake, and Waushara Counties. Large acreages of sweet corn
sprayed in Ozaukee and Sheboygan Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
IOWA - Second-brood adult emergence peaked. Flight much lighter
than in 1971. Egg masses found on 10 percent of plants; intesta-
tion of 30 percent of plants expected. Larval hatch and survival
high. Light damage by second brood expected. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA -
Reduced stands of late-planted sorghum across southern area.
(French, Aug. 11).
SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KENTUCKY - Averaged one per
sorghum head in Todd County. (Barnett, Raney). MISSOURI - Ranged
1-5 larvae per head in early planted, compact headed varieties
of sorghum. (Craig).
- 5955 -
WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - KANSAS —- Most
larvae in corn in west-central and northwest districts in late
instars and have entered ears. Percent plants infested, 3 fields
per county: Scott 0-20, Wichita 16-60, Greeley 0-100, Wallace
4-24, Thomas 0-12, Sherman 12-32. Generally, economic infestations
more prevalent this year than in 1971. (Bell).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Increased on
sorghum in Trans—Pecos and Panhandle areas. Damage ranged light
to moderate in isolated sorghum in Pecos County. (Neeb et al.,
Nuc 1p)
WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) - MISSOURI - Light
in southwest area. Adults seen in Oregon County. This is a new
county record. (Craig). NEBRASKA - Adults of this corn pest
ranged 2-9 per plant in 12 cornfields in Red Willow, Frontier, and
Lincoln Counties. Pollination complete in most fields, silk feeding
light. (Campbell, Aug. 9). Adults averaged 2 per corn plant in 65
fields in Dawson County; 19 fields lodged. Population heavier than
in 1971. (Pruess, Mayo, Aug. 11). Current infestations ranged 0-20
per plant in 13 cornfields in Lancaster, Seward, Butler, Merrick,
and Howard Counties and O-8 per plant in 9 fields in southern
areas. Populations generally heavier in 1972 than last several
years. (Keith, Berogan). SOUTH DAKOTA - Present in 200-acre corn-
field near Oral, Fall River County. Averaged 1 adult per stalk in
portions of field; averaged 4 adults per stalk in more heavily
infested areas of field. (Jones). MICHIGAN - Adults taken from
field corn at Schoolcraft Township, Kalamazoo County, August 14 by
R.B. Bailey. Determined by D.K. Young. This is a new county record.
(Sauer).
INDIANA - D. virgifera adults taken in Benton County August 4 by
R. Elliott and in Pulaski County August 8 by P. Lehker on corn
grown for grain. These are new county records. Benton County is
southernmost record of this pest in State. Surveys indicate counts
up to 2 per plant in western Kosciusko County where pest not
taken in 1971 and at only one site in 1970. (Turpin, Aug. 11).
Specimen taken in Miami County by P. Lehker on August 16, 1972.
This is a new county record. (Lehker).
NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - INDIANA -
Twenty-five plants in each of 47 cornfields checked for this
species. Adults averaged 0.65 (ranged 0-86) per 25 plants in 16
fields in west-central district; averaged 0.29 (ranged 0-30)
per 25 stalks in 18 fields in central district; averaged 0.53
(ranged 0-82) per stalk in 13 fields in east-central district.
(Meyer). NEW JERSEY - Adults ranged 8-10 per plant on field corn
in Hunterdon and Warren Counties where corn followed corn.
(Ins.-Dis. Newsltr.).
CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - TEXAS - Still infested sorghum
in Knox, Haskell, McCulloch, and Tom Green Counties in Rolling
Plains. Heavy, ranged 4-5 per head in several fields; ranged 30-
60 per head in many heads where heavy populations concentrated
in areas of field. Present in scattered fields over South Plains;
heaviest in Crosby County. Damaging in some fields near Plainview
and Tulia in southern High Plains. (Boring et al., Aug. 11).
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Infested sorghum
in Knox, McCulloch, Tom Green, and Jones Counties; 1-2 midges per
head in blooming sorghum. Light in Hall County. Midge emergence
continued light on South Plains. (Boring et al., Aug. 11).
- 556 -
ARKANSAS - Contarinia sorghicola increase continued, but most
sorghum blooming and past damage. (Boyer, Aug. 11). TENNESSEE -
Damaged late sorghum in western area. (Locke) .
BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Light on grain
sorghum in Midland County. Activity moderate to heavy in El Paso
County. Still infesting sorghum in several counties around Potter
County. (Neeb, Clymer, Aug. 11). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on sorghum in
Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - COLORADO - Light
to moderate on corn on Western Slope; occurred mostly on lower
leaves. (Bulla).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - NEBRASKA —- In
commercial bluegrass sod planting near Omaha, Douglas County, 74
adults, 7 larvae.and 2 pupae taken in sample of 5 square feet.
(Kindler).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Very heavy on
brown-top millet in Meriwether County. (Godowns).
TWOLINED SPITTLEBUG (Prosapia bicincta) - GEORGIA - Heavy on
Coastal Bermuda grass pastures in Madison County. (Welborn).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS -
Mined 26 percent of leaflets in untreated, mature alfalfa stand
in Hampshire County. In nearby treated stand, only 12.5 percent
of leaflets mined. (Capinera). NEW HAMPSHIRE — Caused no
Significant loss to second-cutting alfalfa. (Bowman, Aug. 17).
MAINE - Infestation ranged 10-20 percent in alfalfa. (Gall).
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OREGON - Larvae collected in
large alfalfa field 4.5 miles north-northwest of Junction City,
Lane County; 10 taken June 16 and 8 taken June 22. This is a
new county record. (Ritcher). COLORADO - Larvae increased on
alfalfa in many areas of Arkansas Valley, ranged O-800 per 100
sweeps; damage negligible in most cases. (Schweissing). OHIO -
Larval counts may increase in northern two-thirds of State
during September but no economic damage to alfalfa expected.
Mature adults have been collected in Knox, Wayne, Wood, Hancock,
Allen, and Pickaway Counties. Egg counts 14 per square foot in
Pickaway County and 71 per square foot in Hancock County.
(Flessel).
PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineatus) - WASHINGTON - Adults heavily
damaged alfalfa and late-planted garden peas at Pullman, Whitman
County. (Telford).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - COLORADO - Populations in alfalfa
varied in Arkansas Valley, ranged 0-3,500 per 100 sweeps. Damage
not evident in fields checked. (Schweissing). NEVADA - Ranged
15-25 per sweep on alfalfa, heavily parasitized by Aphidius sp.,
in northwest Humboldt County. (Martinelli, Rowe).
ARMYWORMS - WASHINGTON - Unspecified species reported on seed
alfalfa north of Pasco, Franklin County, in CEIR 22(30) :477
determined as Amathes c-nigrum (spotted cutworm), Spodoptera
- 507 -
exigua (beet armyworm), and Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm) ;
bulk of infestation confirmed as Mamestra configurata (bertha
armyworm). Determined by M.R. Gardner and R.E. Somerby.
(Johansen).
GRASSHOPPERS — WISCONSIN - Populations unchanged. Absence of
first instars in alfalfa indicates prolonged hatch of Melanoplus
femurrubrum completed. Diseased specimen exhibiting symptoms
resembling Empusa grylli (a fungus) observed in roadside grass in
southern Dane County. Decrease in grasshopper numbers, due to
unknown causes, noted in one area of Dane County. Damage by M.
femurrubrum currently of little concern due to lush growth of
Aithaita NAS Cinise Sue).
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults
present in many Eastern Shore fields but feeding and egg laying
noneconomic to date. Expected to increase during late August.
CUS eMdes ernie Dept).
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA —- Adults heavy
and leaf feeding evident in 2 Wilcox County soybean fields
August 10. Occasionally found in Sumter and Butler Counties.
(Henderson, Farquhar).
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - KENTUCKY - Larvae per 360
row feet of soybeans averaged 12 in Caldwell County, 61 in
Hickman County. (Barnett, Raney).
PEANUTS
REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged
light to moderate in dryland and irrigated peanuts in Caddo
Counity (Okla. 9 Coop. = Sur. kh
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS -
Increased rapidly in peanuts in Cross Timbers area near Stephen-
ville. Small larvae in fields in Gorman and De Leon areas.
Continued heavy in sandy, dryland areas. (Hoelscher).
GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - ALABAMA - Heavy in many
peanut fields in several southeast counties. (Walton et al.).
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Punctured squares
ranged 4-97 percent. Second-generation "hatchout" expected by
August 27 in older cotton. Migration to lightly infested and
noninfested fields underway. Control with ground equipment very
difficult in rank cotton. Conditions remain ideal for further
increase. (Locke). SOUTH CAROLINA - Larval infestations in
Florence area ranged O-3 percent in treated plots, 4-18 percent
in control plots. Adults per acre ranged 0-1,452 in treated plots,
1,867-4,900 in control plots. Populations remained low throughout
area. Infestations increased rapidly in some fields due to
emergence of second-generation adults. (Taft et al., Aug. 16).
GEORGIA - Increased over southern area. (Womack, Barry, Aug. 11). |
Up to 100 percent weevil punctured squares in some fields in |
southern part of State where controls ended; 0-8 percent punctured
squares in Crisp and Wilcox Counties. (Barry, Womack). ALABAMA -
- 558 -
Anthonomus grandis still heavy throughout south and central
areas; generally 10-70 percent square infestation. Square damage
10-80 percent in most northern fields, including mountain area.
Controls applied in most fields in extreme northern area.
Controls delayed by rainy weather. Heavy weevil "“hatchouts" in
northern cotton producing area during early August, resulted in
very heavy populations in most fields. Most fields under control.
Weevils in south and central areas feeding and laying eggs in
‘polls. (McQueen). LOUISIANA - Increase will continue for remain-
der of season. (Tynes, Aug.14). In Madison Parish, punctured
‘squares found in 78 of 80 plots. Ranged 1-35 (averaged 7.2) per-
cent in 78 plots. Punctured squares found in 3 of 4 fields;
ranged 2-35 percent in infested fields. In Tensas Parish, punc-
tured squares 2 percent in one field in area that received
-diapause control in fall 1971. Infestation ranged 6-47 (averaged
18) percent in 4 fields in untreated area. (Cleveland et al.).
ARKANSAS - A. grandis infestations showed marked increase in
northeast areas. (Kimbrough). OKLAHOMA - Infestations ranged 10-30
percent in Washita and Caddo Counties, 5-22 percent in Bryan
‘County, 2-25 percent in Muskogee County, 4-22 percent in Wagoner
County; averaged 10 percent in Marshall County. Reported light
to moderate in Garvin County. Ranged 0-3 percent in Tipton area,
Tillman County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - H. zea increased
‘rapidly over western area. Egg and larval counts ranged 1-8 per
(100 terminals in late cotton. Further increase expected. Eggs
found down in plants as well as on the terminals. (Locke). SOUTH
CAROLINA - Heliothis spp. moth activity and egg laying continued
‘to increase in Florence area. Larval damage increased to near
total crop destruction in few unprotected fields. Larval infesta-
tion ranged 1-18 percent in treated plots, 4-39 percent in
‘control plots. (Taft et al., Aug 16). GEORGIA - Counts per 100
‘terminals by county: Crisp 11-62 eggs, 1-6 larvae; Wilcox 18-163
eggs, 2-11 larvae. (Nix, Hudson). Egg laying still heavy in
‘Southern areas with larval damaged bolls in some areas. (Womack,
Barry). LOUISIANA - Activity increased Statewide. Eggs and larvae
‘abundant; applications should be kept on schedule. (Tynes, Aug.
(14). In Madison Parish, damaged squares found in 66 of 80 plots;
‘Yanged 1-8 (averaged 3.4) percent in infested plots. Damaged
‘squares found in 3 of 4 fields; infestation 6 percent in each
infested field. In Tensas Parish, damaged squares found in 3 of
(5 fields; infestation 3 percent in one field, 1 percent in each
jof 2 fields. (Cleveland et al.).
‘ARKANSAS - H. zea moths ranged 100-280 per night in light traps at
Pickens, Desha County. Moths less than 30 per 0.5 mile of sugar-
line. Heliothis spp. eggs up to 80 and larvae up to 84 per 100
terminals in southeast area. These counts correlate with moth
‘catches at Pickens. (Boyer, Lincoln, Aug. 11). H. zea
Moths peaked in light trap in Desha County August 6 when 724 moths
taken. (Holloway). Moths continued active in southeast; increased
in areas farther north. At Marianna, Lee County, 43 moths taken
‘in light trap August 6 and 75 taken August 9. Only 7 moths on
‘cotton and 4 on soybeans observed night of August 8 on 0.5 mile
|
- 559 -
|
‘
sugarline in Lee County. (Sterling). OKLAHOMA - H. zea percent
damaged square counts by county ranged 5-40 in Bryan, 1-12 in
Muskogee, 1-10 in Wagoner. Eggs ranged 0-78 per 100 terminals in
Bryan County, 0-9 in Muskogee County, 1-6 in Wagoner County.
Larvae ranged 0-13 per 100 terminals in Bryan County, O-5 in
Muskogee County, 1-6 in Wagoner County. Damaged squares averaged
8 percent in Marshall County, less than 1 percent in Tillman
County. Reported light in Washita, Caddo, and Garvin Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - H. zea light with very little
damage in Graham County. (Pearson, Sears). CALIFORNIA - H. zea
moved into cotton fields rapidly in Kern County. Counts ranged
8-25 per 100 plants generally; ranged 35-50 per 100 plants
locally. Moth flights peaked about August 7. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy influxes into cotton ©
resulted from alfalfa hay cutting near cotton fields. Many bolls
show black spotting. Problems occurred from Tulare County south.
(Gal SiCoopee pitt: )i:
TOBACCO
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - KENTUCKY - Adults
averaged 6 per plant in Caldwell County, 10 in Christian County.
Averaged 1.2 per leaf in Grant County, 1.1 in Harrison County,
and 1.3 in Henry County. Tobacco showed minor damage in Fayette,
Owen, and Nicholas Counties. Light damage observed in Scott
County, light to medium in Robertson County. Population light
this year, but began to increase slowly past 7 days. This slow
increase expected to continue until harvest. (Barnett).
GRASSHOPPERS - KENTUCKY - Caused minor damage to tobacco in
Nicholas and Nelson Counties. Damage evenly distributed over
fields, not confined to borders. (Barnett).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - NEBRASKA - Larvae, [
second instar to full grown, ranged 5-25 per sunflower head in |
several fields near Schuyler, Colfax County. (Keith, Kantor,
Aug. 9). IOWA - Infested up to 95 percent of heads in Polk
County sunflower field. Larvae ranged 3-13 (averaged 7) per
head. (Iowa Ins. Sur., Aug. 11).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - MAINE -
Larvae and second-generation adults reported in plots on Aroostool|
Farm in Aroostook County. Small populations in many other potatoe
fields throughout central area. (Gall, Aug. 11). NEW HAMPSHIRE -
Adults and larvae caused heavy damage at Dover on unsprayed egg
plants. Potatoes in same plot destroyed previously, tomato loss
expected. (Bowman). MARYLAND - New generation of larvae damaged
tomatoes at several locations in Harford County. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - MAINE -— Continued threat
in many central area potato fields. Larvae ranged up to full
grown. Few dead larvae found in unsprayed fields. Growers should
continue to check fields for larvae and damage to potatoes.
(Gallit, Auer § ILL)
)
4
l
!
/
- 560 -
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MAINE - Winged aphids and
aphids with wing pads continued very common in potato fields
‘in Aroostook County. Leaf roll noted on scattered plants;
growers should keep watch on fields. (Gall).
BEANS AND PEAS
‘MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Adults and larvae caused 90 percent damage to unsprayed green
beans in Fayette and Kanawaha Counties. (Hacker).
BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - MICHIGAN - Built up on all types of
‘beans in all areas of State. Growers advised to check fields and
take necessary action. (Sauer).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - GEORGIA -
Ranged light to heavy on peas and lima beans in southwest area.
(Rogers et al., Aug. 11).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - GEORGIA - Damaged
peas in Spalding County. (Dupree). Ranged light to moderate on
peas in southwest area. (Wheeler, French, Aug. 11).
DETECTION
New State Record —- A REDUVIID BUG (Ectomocoris biguttulus) -
HAWAII - Oahu. (p. 567). This is also a new United States record,
but the species is not known to occur in the continental U.S.
New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OREGON -
Lane (p. 557). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) NEW MEXICO -
Harding (p. 563). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra)
OKLAHOMA - Marshall (p. 563). SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes
piceae) OREGON - Marion, Polk (p. 562). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM
(Diabrotica virgifera) MISSOURI - Oregon. MICHIGAN - Kalamazoo.
INDIANA - Benton, Pulaski, Miami (p. 556).
CORRECTIONS
CEIR 22(30):481 - New State Records - "ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER
(Agromyza fontella) ..."' should read "... (Agromyza frontella)"
CEIR 22(31):499 - FORAGE LEGUMES - "PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona
fimeata) ..." should read " ... (Sitona lineatus) ..."
CEIR 22(32):529 - Line 9: "... I. julis emerged. (Sauer)." should
Peer te ls emerced. (Sauer).
CEIR 22 (32) :529 — GRASSHOPPERS - Line 16: '... and I. strenua at
eacson City ,o...'' Should read i"... T. strenua at Carson City,
CEIR 22(32):530 - GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - TENNESSEE -
™.-. Camp ground at Regean Forge, ..."" should read "... camp
ground at Pigeon Forge, ..."
=256e=
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
REDHUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - WASHINGTON - Heavy
defoliation of unsprayed apples and crab apples still reported
in Pullman, Whitman County; also, infesting chokecherry. Larval
growth about completed, some early instars seen. (Harwood).
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - OREGON - Increased in
Jackson County peach orchards. Up to 120 adults per pheromone
trap in 2 days. Flagging injury evident and larval damaged peaches
easily found. (Berry, Larson).
CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - COLORADO - Emergence con-
tinued in all areas with large numbers taken in Mesa County area.
Catches ranged 10-30 per pheromone trap per day in some heavier
infested areas. (Bulla). MASSACHUSETTS - Moths averaged 1.5 per
trap in sprayed orchard, 1 per trap in abandoned orchard in
Hampshire County. (Capinera, Aug. 11).
APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Emergence peaked, °
egg laying continued. Oviposition and larval blemish or deformed
fruit easily seen in abandoned and poorly managed orchards. Larvae
found in infested fruit, especially early varieties. (Sauer).
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Average per
|
leaf on untreated Red Delicious and McIntosh varieties respectively
in Hampshire County: Eggs 85 and 89; adults 33 each. (Blyth).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Increased in unsprayed
orchards in Washington, Wilcox, Houston, Geneva, Covington, and
Henry Counties, (McQueen). TEXAS - Continued damaging pecans in
Wilbarger and Wichita Counties in Rolling Plains, and in Brazos,
Grimes, Waller, and Fort Bend Counties in Southeast. (Boring,
Green, Aug. 11).
BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Moderate
to heavy on pecans in Pecos, Reeves, Ward, Winkler, Midland, and
Glasscock Counties. (Neeb, Aug. 11).
ORNAMENTALS
SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - OREGON - Moderate. on
specimen Black Hills spruce in Salem, Marion County. Tree imported
15 years ago. Young scales mostly on undersides of needles.
Also found on large Colorado Blue spruce in West Salem, Polk
County. These are new county records. (Westcott, Long).
GARDEN SYMPHYLAN (Scutigerella immaculata) - OREGON - Caused
severe damage to 4-acre planting of rhododendron in Portland area,
Multnomah County. Controls applied. (Nicolaison).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - OREGON -
Reached epidemic levels on about 130,000 acres of fir in parts of
Grant, Umatilla, Union, and Wallowa Counties, extending into
Washington. Tree mortality seen in local areas. Larvae severe
problem to logging operations, many loggers experienced severe
reactions from urticating hairs of larvae. Pupation occurred and
- 562 -
me emergence seen. (Dolph, Gresbrink). WASHINGTON - Larvae
used serious damage to some white fir, tamarack, and other for-
st plants at Dayton, Columbia County. (Sunderland, Telford).
hte larvae, prepupae, and pupae found on spruce at Puyallup,
ierce County. Severe defoliation reported. (Collman).
JUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - WEST VIRGINIA -
ults, pupae, and larvae taken from pitch pine, 175-200 trees
astroyed or dying because of pest in association with blue stain
angus. This is first record of insect in State since 1882.
pllected August 18, 1972, in Kanawha State Forest, Kanawha County,
y J.D. Hacker. Determined by A.E. Cole and J.D. Hacker. (Hacker).
LM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy
n elm trees in Grant and Sierra Counties. Many trees completely
foliated, appear dead. Damaged elm trees in Roy and Mosquera,
arding County. This is a new county record. (Hare).
ARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) - GEORGIA - Caused up
o 100 percent defoliation of elms in Greene, Lincoln, Wilkes,
asper, Spalding, Oglethorpe, Madison, and Clarke Counties.
ppears heavier in lowlands than in highlands. (Smith).
BAMA - Larvae practically defoliated numerous large elms along
major creeks in Chambers and Lee Counties. (McQueen).
ES
ARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - MISSOURI -
dults appeared at lights in central part of State. Main flight
xpected in 7-14 days. Larvae expected to be heavy over much of
‘entral Ozark region this season. Controls recommended only on
‘oung ornamental oak plantings. (Craig).
[IMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Second-genera-—
sion adults seen at Lights in Payne County. Heavy in Oklahoma
tounty. Larvae infested 60 percent of mimosa trees checked in
larshall County. This is a new county record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
JALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - MISSOURI - Nymphs heavy on
shade trees in Lake of the Ozarks region. (Munson).
{AN AND ANIMALS
3CREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,405 confirmed
tases reported in continental U.S. during period August 6-12 as
Follows: Texas 3,253; New Mexico 62; Arizona 70; California 1;
Jklahoma 18; Arkansas 1. Screwworm cases reported from 215 Texas
sounties this period compared to 211 counties last period. Total
of 1,000 cases confirmed in Mexico August 6-12. Number of sterile
Flies released in U.S. this period totaled 168,860,000 as follows:
Texas 146,940,000; New Mexico 5,260,000; Arizona 15,010,000;
California 850,000; Arkansas 800,000. Total of 27,796,000 sterile
‘flies released in Mexico. (Anim, Health).
‘FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Averaged 15 per cow
on 25 Holsteins and 30 per cow on 40 Jerseys on pasture in James-—
‘town, Mercer County. (Ode). OHIO - Averaged 25+ per face on
Guernsey and Black Angus cattle in Preble and Brown Counties,
13 in Fayette County; on Holsteins, 18 in Stark and 12 in Wayne
Counties. (Fox, Heller). KENTUCKY - Average by county per head of
‘cattle: 21.3 on various breeds in Owen County, 28 on Holsteins
ain Scott County, 12.4 on Herefords in Nelson County, 2.8 on
- 563 -
wat
various breeds in Larue County, 22.6 on various breeds in Henry
County, 19.3 on various breeds in Robertson County, 25.6 on
Charolais in Harrison County. (Barnett). WISCONSIN - Light to
moderate on cattle in most counties; heavy in Richland County.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Counts per head on untreated
cattle in northern Moody County August 5: Cows 5-30 (averaged
20), calves 0-12 (averaged 6), bulls 20 per head; counts August 1
ranged 7-25 (averaged 9) on cows, 0-8 (averaged 5) on calves, wit
15 per head on bulls. (DelFosse). NEBRASKA - Increased on canyon —
and river valley herds in Keith and Lincoln Counties. Ranged 16-1
per face on untreated animals, 7-8 per face where dust bags used.
(Campbell, Aug. 11). UTAH - Annoyed horses and cattle in many
Cache, Box Elder, and Weber County localities. (Knowlton).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OHIO - Counts low, 2-3 per side,
on 10-20 percent of Holstein cows examined in Stark and Wayne
Counties. On beef cattle, ranged 45-250+ per side in Fayette
County, averaged 80 per side in Brown County. (Fox). FLORIDA -
Light, averaged 34 per animal, on dairy cows at Gainesville, ot
Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Light to moderate -
on treated dairy cattle in all areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Counts per side on untreated cattle in northern Moody
County August 5: Cows 300-900 (averaged 600), calves 2-20
(averaged 10), bulls 125 per head; counts August 10 ranged
200-650 (averaged 500) on cows, 1-10 (averaged 6) on calves, with ||
900 per side on bulls. (DelFosse). NEBRASKA - Ranged 500-2,000
per head on several untreated range herds in Keith and Lincoln
Counties. (Keith, Aug. 11). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 200-300 per head
on cattle in Marshall County. Heavy in Garvin County and moderate
in Pawnee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - NEBRASKA - Ranged 15-20 per leg,
on untreated feedlot animals in Keith and Lincoln Counties.
(Campbell, McEvoy, Aug. 11). WISCONSIN - No annoyance to cattle
in Outagamie County, light in Chippewa County, moderate in Rock
County, severe in Columbia County. Controls underway in all areas.
Annoyance to man reported from Vilas,Walworth, Jefferson, Fond
du Lac, and Bayfield Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MOSQUITOES - MINNESOTA —- Annoyance acute in Hennepin, Anoka,
Scott, Dakota, Ramsey, and Washington Counties due to hot, humid
weather which promoted mosquito flight. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
WISCONSIN - Biting increased past 14 days. Problem populations
reported in Walworth, Calumet, Richland, Washburn, Dane, and
Trempealeau Counties. Populations light in Vilas County, probably
due to cooler temperatures. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Aedes
vexans ranged 100-150 per head on river bottom herds pastured in
Keith and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy, Aug. 11). UTAH -
Mosquitoes very annoying at Brigham City, Corinne, Locomotive
Springs, and other localities in Box Elder County. (Knowlton,
Lindsay).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
LADY BEETLES - KANSAS - Stethorus sp. adults averaged 4 per leaf
on ornamental sumac infested with spider mites; larvae and pupae
present. Spider mites reduced to low level by this predator.
Hippodamia convergens adults ranged 2-60 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa
infested with Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa aphid) in
- 564 -
egdwick and Reno Counties; H. convergens larvae ranged 0-70 per
0 sweeps. (Bell, Aug. 11).
:
.
‘REEN LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Eggs averaged 100,000
jer acre in cotton checked in Tillman County, 1 per leaf in
>. County. Heavy in sorghum in Beaver County. (Okla. Coop.
ie.) .
i
EDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
‘OMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Treat—
ient within Porterville, Tulare County, and in commercial citrus
yrogressing. Survey negative in Exeter and Lindsay areas. Mortal-
ty 100 percent on mulberry in Lindsay area after second control
Beeacstson on 205 properties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
}UROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Pupae first
ound August 8 at Lynden, Whatcom County. More extensive sampling
sugust 9 at same locality showed 6 percent pupation, remainder
varvae. (Jackson).
iRASSHOPPERS - NEBRASKA - Melanoplus spp. heavy, ranged 7-30 per
square yard, in field margins and roadside ditches at scattered
locations in Seward and Merrick Counties. (Berogan). NEW MEXICO -
irasshoppers noneconomic on rangeland in Grant and Hidalgo Coun-
ties. Surveys incomplete in Dona Ana, Luna, and Sierra Counties.
(Hare). UTAH - Infestations spotty in many range areas in Box
Yider County; moved into some alfalfa in Fielding area. (Knowlton,
uindsay). NEVADA - M. sanguinipes and M. bivittatus,third instar
to adult, ranged 5-6 per square yard along margins, at Happy
‘amp, Humboldt County. (Martinelli, Rowe). WASHINGTON - Heavy
sutbreak, near 100 per square yard, on about 15,000 acres in
spokane County. M. sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, Melanoplus spp.,
Jjamnula pellucida, and other banded-winged species dominant.
ipparently hatched on scabland and range areas and flew in to
lamage small grains and forage crops. (Kelsey, Telford).
TYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MARYLAND - Six egg masses and 5
yupae taken in Cecil County. Confirmed by R. Altman and D. Raine.
Jumerous male moths trapped earlier in infested area. GUEe Md",
int. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - Male moths taken in sex-lure traps
xy A.E. Tustin as follows: Berkeley and Hampshire Counties
iugust 9, determined by E.L. Todd; Jefferson County August 10,
letermined by D.M. Weisman. (Hacker). Until further survey and
‘mvestigations are completed to verify the nature of these situa-
sions, they will be considered as regulatory incidents. (PP).
JHIO - Seven male moths taken in sex-lure traps behind travel
trailer and mobile home storage and sales yard in Lorain County.
Jetermined by E.L. Todd. Scouting for egg masses underway. (Roach).
Intil further survey and investigations are completed to verify
she nature of this situation, it will be considered as a regula-
sory incident. (PP).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Total of
1,282 adults collected in 16 bait traps in one locality at State
Yollege, Centre County. (Adams). Adults caused serious damage to
various ornamentals in Darlington, Beaver County. (Carter). Adult
infestation noted on 4 to 5-foot corn in Jamestown, Mercer County.
(Ode). WEST VIRGINIA - Adult damage generally light this season;
t
- 565 -
.
some reports of heavy damage to unsprayed gardens and ornamental
plants. (Hacker). VIRGINIA - Light to medium on corn silks in lt
Augusta, Rockingham, and Rockbridge Counties. Damage seems less ~
than in past years. (Allen). |
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Increased
controls applied to many fields in Graham County. (Pearson, |
Sears). Infestations mostly under 5 percent in treated fields
in Yuma Valley, Yuma County. (McHenry). /
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA-)
No active infestations in core area or buffer zone in Siskiyou |
County. All known infested areas have received 3 treatments; 2 |
additional treatments schedules for core area. Results of program |
considered good. Treatment and survey continued at San Jose,
Santa Clara County; live specimens still present. (Cal. Coop.
Rpts |
Weather of the week continued from page 552.
TEMPERATURE: Persistent southerly flow of moist tropical air kept!
maximum temperatures in the 90s over most of mid-America. The i
mercury at Bismarck, North Dakota, reached 100 degrees Tuesday
and Philip, South Dakota, recorded 101 degrees Thursday. The 90-
degree heat spread eastward and by Thursday covered all of
Indiana and western Ohio. High humidity made sweltering heat more>
uncomfortable. Nighttime temperatures remained in the high 60s
and 70s. While hot humid weather persisted over the Great Plains
and Deep South, cool air slipping down from Canada brought early
autumn weather to the Northeast with maximums in the 60's and low)
70's from Maryland to Maine by Thursday. Torrid weather continued |
in the southwestern deserts with maximums exceeding 100 degrees
on most afternoons. Onshore ocean breezes in the Pacific Northwest
kept daytime temperatures along the coast in the 60's. Inland area
in the Northwest were comfortably warm. Tropical heat persisted
over much of mid-America over the weekend. Maximums generally
reached the high 80's and low 90's. Minneapolis, Minnesota, reg-
istered 97 degrees Sunday afternoon, High humidity made heat feel)
more uncomfortable. Cooler air from Canada caused a relatively
pleasant weekend in the Northeast. Temperatures averaged below
normal west of the Rocky Mountains, over the southern Rockies
and high Plains of Texas, and along the Atlantic coast. Parts of
California averaged 6 to 10 degrees cooler than normal. In con-
trast, much of the northern Great Plains averaged 6 to 10 degrees:
warmer than normal.
{
|
- 566 -
| HAWAII INSECT REPORT
New State Record - Five specimens of a REDUVIID BUG (Ectomocoris
biguttulus Stal) taken on 3 occasions in light traps at Hickam
Bir Force Base, Oahu. Two on August 20, 1971, one during November
1971, and 2 additional specimens on August 1, 1972. Distribution
Baciudes southeast Asia. Determined by R.C. Froeschner | (Shiroma) .
Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) severe in 6 acres of sweet
Gorn at Pupukea, Oahu; 100 percent of mature ears with 1+ larvae.
Trace in 2 acres of same crop at Waialua; less than 5 percent of
ears with early instar larvae. Intensive chemical control practiced
in both plantings. (Kawamura).
Bencral Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) and CABBAGE
TOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) larvae light to moderate in 2 acres of
proccoli at Waialua, Oahu; damage light. All stages of GREENHOUSE
WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) light on young terminal
leaves in 0.25 acre of greenhouse tomato at Pupukea, Oahu. Larval |
mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) moderate in older leaves;
BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus) generally trace, sporadic,
and heavy on few isolated plants. (Kawamura).
Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT LEAFROLLER (Hedylepta blackburni)
Yemained Severe on about 1,000 coconut trees used to landscape
Yesort area at Kahuku, Oahu; all except young terminal fronds
appear free from damage. Trace number of a hymenopterous parasite
‘eocoon noted in few fluted pinnae. TAHITIAN COCONUT WEEVIL
(Diocalandra taitensis) larvae and adults moderate on fronds of
coconut trees in residential area at Kailua, Oahu;.damage light
to moderate. (Kawamura).
Ornamentals - WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis)
‘Mymphs and adults light to moderate in flower heads in 0.5 acre
of chrysanthemum at Kahaluu, Oahu; approximately 10-15 percent of
flowers severely affected. (Kawamura).
Beneficial Insects - Large numbers of a TRICHOGRAMMATID (Oligosita
sp.) emerged from eggs of Elimaea punctifera (a tettigoniid
collected from anthuriums at Hilo, Hawaii, during November and
December 1971. This is believed to be first report in Hawaii of
an Oligosita emerging from eggs of a tettigoniid. (Matayoshi).
‘Miscellaneous Pests - GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) -
On Hawaii, second of 3 planned aerial drops of snail bait made
at Kona. Total of 10,000 pounds of bait applied over area of about
60 acres. On Kauai, one large specimen found at Koloa, about 3
‘miles north of Beda infestation; poison bait applied at this and
“surrounding residences. Surveillance continued at Poipu and Wahiawa,
‘with light hand baiting at Wahiawa. Aerial drops of snail bait
| planned for coming winter season at Poipu. (Yoshioka, Sugawa).
|
|
|
- 567 -
TRAP COLLECTIONS
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- 568 -
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LT aK=
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
Mee No 3 September 1, 1972
eat :
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Economic Insect Survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 September 1, 1972 Number 35
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
CORN EARWORM damage to corn increased rapidly on Eastern Shore
of Maryland. Moth flights increased in southeastern Virginia.
(p. 573). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID continued to increase and
threaten seedling alfalfa in Arkansas Valley of Colorado.
(p. 574).
CORN ROOTWORMS heavier in west-central district and lighter in
other districts of Minnesota than in 1971; however, populations
in southeast district of State still heavy enough to cause
problems in 1973. NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM caused extensive silk
damage in western and central Ohio. (p. 574).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER adult flights increased throughout Eastern
Shore of Maryland and in southern Wisconsin. (p. 575).
GREEN CLOVERWORM heavy on some soybeans in Kentucky and Indiana,
increased in Iowa. (p. 576).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY increased rapidly on cotton in central
Alabama; increased in some areas of Mississippi. (p. 578).
MOSQUITO collections in light traps highest on record in south-
east Minnesota. (p. 582).
Detection
New State records include a GRASSHOPPER in Maine (p. 579),
WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM in Idaho (p. 574), and a CICADELLID in
Hawaii (p. 585).
For new county records see page 579.
|Special Reports
Boll Weevil, Selected References 1970-1971. (pp. 589-594).
Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 25 unless
otherwise indicated.
- 571 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance...............2..0. hv eotd
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....574 Miscellaneous Field Crops. .578
Sinewilil (Crees 4 4a45c0acc0bK0G ..o709 Potatoes, Tomatoes,
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...5795 IEINVESS coc coo oo oo ooo Ose 578
Forage Legumes.........e-eee- 576. :Cole: Crops s)he... 5 a. eee 579
SOWOSGBMS oo o0gopa0nogGa0008 -.o/6 General Vegetables......... 579
POAMUTES 56 goood n sooo ooo DO OOOO 577 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..580
COO Gs oc Mem staletieuecienalioceius atom etsit DTT (CLELUS 60. so < 2) Sercncaenenemene on - 580
MODACCOrcdoacoocbooonavoga0e 578 Forest and Shade Trees..... 581
Man and Animals............ 981
DEES Cit LOM cere rac ey oocae ereo etal fistanisite eral or ele tenene) musi enomerene " suarisive econee MOSES 579
Bene facial OimSe CUS sey. stetere ote sete cree ee) oii clo) sis) or oe) e)ie) ch ohkee <) ORC meen 582
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs..............2.:ce:ee. 983
Hawaii: Insect Repor tisvs ab eececd cc, feire) ei st ise serie or 1S Sales sas aie) Seidel e ee om 585
Lights Dap iCol Lect vOn st. fata coos ice eee jc). e syssiay je sues) Soca eRemCa ROR 086
Boll Weevil, Selected References 1970-1971............+02--- .594
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 28
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: A cold, dry air mass pushed into the northern
Great Plains early in the week. Showers and some locally severe
thunderstorms occurred along the leading edge of the cold air.
One of these dumped 1.30 inches of rain at St. Cloud, Minnesota,
in 18 minutes Monday evening. At such intensity, rain does not
fall as drops but as streams. Such downpours are called cloud-
bursts. In general, light to heavy showers fell over a wide bank
in the vicinity of the cold front which marked the leading edge
of air dividing it from hot, humid air which cold dry air was
replacing. Air mass thundershowers popped up in the warm, moist
air that covered a large arca extending from the southern Great
Plains to New England. Light showers also spotted the northern and
central Rocky Mountains and the western edge of the central Great
Plains. Generous showers fell over the eastern two-thirds of
Kansas, western Missouri, southeastern Nebraska, and southwestern
Iowa Thursday evening. The weekend brought widely scattered
showers from southern California across the southern Rocky
Mountains, the southern Great Plains, and the Deep South to the
Atlantic Ocean; also from Minnesota and Iowa to southern New
England. Amounts ranged widely from light sprinkles to an inch
or more; Gainesville, Florida, received 9.61 inches in a 72-hour
period ending Sunday morning. Most of the Great Basin received no
rain during the week. Weather of the week continued on page 588.
- 572 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) — DELAWARE - Adults ranged 2-6 per
night in Sussex County blacklight trap collections. Corn ear
infestations still light. (Burbutis). MARYLAND - Damage levels
increased rapidly. First and second instar larvae predominate;
damaged ear counts ranged 20-80 percent. Infestations heaviest in
Kent, Queen Annes, Dorchester, and Talbot Counties. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Infestations on field corn in Wythe,
Pulaski, and Montgomery Counties averaged 7.3 percent of ears
infested in 6 fields surveyed. (Allen, Surles). Moth flights
increased sharply at Holland, Nansemond County, and at Independent
City of Petersburg. Growers in nearby areas should expect damage
to susceptible crops next 10-14 days. Crops should be checked on
3-4 day schedule to prevent damage. (Allen). GEORGIA - Light to
heavy on sorghum and soybeans over southern area. Ranged O-8 per
row foot on peanuts across peanut belt. (French). Damaged okra
in Spalding County. (Tippins). MISSISSIPPI - Light, less than 1
per head, in Madison County grain sorghum. (Robinson). ARKANSAS -
Increased on soybeans in all areas, but at economic levels in only
few fields. Infestations occurred earlier than normal this year.
(Boyer et al.). OKLAHOMA - Larvae in 10-65 percent of ears of
field corn checked in Texas County; all stages noted. Ranged
moderate to heavy in sorghum in Jackson County, especially in —
fields adjoining cotton. Ranged 3-8 per plant in peanuts checked
in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
MISSOURI - H. zea increased in sorghum in southeast area. Averaged
1 larva per head in some areas. (Jones). NEBRASKA - Unusually
light in Dawson County; only 2 larvae observed in ears of 3,250
plants in 65 cornfields. (Pruess, Mayo). MINNESOTA - Infestation
in corn averaged 20 percent in Wabasha County, 5 percent in
Fillmore County, less than one percent in Winona and Houston
Counties. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Very light in sweet corn in
Cache County, very light to light in Box Elder County. (Knowlton).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MAINE - Continued to
increase on most corn; averaged 100+ per plant. A fungus sharply
reduced most R. maidis infestations that may have been severe. No
treatments advised. (Gall). WISCONSIN - Heavy in some cornfields
in northwestern counties. Mostly under husks on ears or under leaf
Sheaths. Few exposed on or near silks. Predators (lady beetles,
lacewing larvae, and syrphid larvae) heavy in every field
surveyed. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 50-300 per terminal
in 2 late-planted sorghum fields in Texas County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ARIZONA - Medium on sorghum in Pinal County. (Ariz. Coop.
Sur.).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on
sorghum in Jackson, Tillman, Caddo, and Washita Counties.
Parasitism moderate to heavy in these counties also. Greenbug
ranged 0-200 per plant in 2 fields and 0-30 per plant in 10
fields in Texas County. Light in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). KANSAS - Usually none but occasionally very light in
sorghum. In fields in Gray, Ford, Meade, Grant, Stanton, Morton,
Stevens, Haskell, and Seward Counties, greenbug found in only one
field in Gray County (3 per plant). In fields surveyed in Butler,
Cowley, Sumner, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties, infestations (up to
50 per plant) found only in southern Butler County. (Bell). SOUTH
DAKOTA - Decreased to very low levels on corn. Few small colonies
of 50 aphids per 100 plants on grain sorghum near Geddes, Charles
Mix County. (Jones, Kantack, Aug. 18).
- 573 -
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Early
infestation of 1 per 5 plants present on 80 acres of alfalfa in
Diamond Valley, Eureka County. (Harms). COLORADO - Found on
alfalfa in all areas of Arkansas Valley; continued to increase.
Ranged 10-5,000 per 100 sweeps; threat to seedling alfalfa.
Severe damage and loss can occur, even to resistant varieties,
in seedling stage. (Schweissing). KANSAS - Ranged from none up
to 250 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa surveyed in southwest counties;
Gray, up to 250 per 10 sweeps; Stanton, up to 5; Morton, none;
and Seward, none. Very light in alfalfa examined in Stafford
County; up to 10 per 10 sweeps. (Bell). NORTH DAKOTA - Collected
from alfalfa in Bowman and McKenzie Counties; averaged 2 and 12
per 100 sweeps respectively. These are new county records.
(Brandvik).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - OKLAHOMA - D. virgifera
(western corn rootworm) adults still light in most corn in Texas
County. Averaged less than 1 per plant in most fields; ranged
1-6 per plant in one field. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - D.
longicornis (northern corn rootworm) adults ranged 0-8 per silk
on field corn in 5 western and 2 central counties. Extensive
damage to silks noted in Mercer, Darke, and Marion Counties.
Percent damage by county (3-4 fields): Darke 60-85, Mercer
71-90, Van Wert 24-32, Paulding 5-10, Defiance 25, Williams less
than 5, Marion 45-60; Delaware 28 (1 field). (Fox). INDIANA -
D. virgifera adults taken in Noble, Lagrange, Whitley, Wabash,
Cass, Carroll, and Tippecanoe Counties. These are new county
records. (Meyer). MINNESOTA - Annual Diabrotica spp. survey
completed. Populations heavier in west-central district than in
1971. Preliminary figures show lighter populations in other
districts. Two-thirds of counties in southeast district had lighter
populations than 1971; however, 55 percent of these counties still
have populations that will cause problems in 1973. Lodging
generally light this year. Few severely lodged fields seen in
southeast district after heavy rains and strong winds. Poor
pollination also observed in some late-planted corn fields in
southeast district. Silk feeding obvious in some fields. (Minn.
Pest Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA = D. virgifera adults ranged 8-10 per
plant in field of late corn south of Canton, Lincoln County.
Similar counts found in corn near Garretson, Minnehaha County,
and near Corsica, Douglas County. Adults ranged 2-3 per plant on
late corn in northern Moody County field. (Jones, Kantack, Aug.
LS)
NORTH DAKOTA - D. undecimpunctata howardi (Southern corn root-—
worm) adults, 1 per 100 plants, on corn in Bowman County. This
is a new county record. (Brandvik). IDAHO - D. virgifera medium
to heavy and damaged 6 acres of corn at Dayton, Franklin County.
Collected July 27 by G.L. Cunningham. Determined by R.W. Portman.
This is a new State record. (Portman).
DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - IDAHO - This species
and Cryptarcha ampla (a sap beetle) collected August 10 from
hybrid sweet corn at Nampa, Canyon County, by H.W. Homan. C.
lugubris determined by L.R. Gillogly and C. ampla by W.F. Barr.
These are new county records. (Portman).
- 574 -
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MINNESOTA - Second-
generation moths very active during recent hot weather. Light
trap collections increased at Shakopee and Worthington. Night-
time temperatures ideal for egg laying past 7 days. Current moth
activity and egg laying about nil due to cooler temperatures.
Second generation not expected to cause serious damage to field
corn this season. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). WISCONSIN —- Moth catches
increased greatly in southern area blacklight traps last 7 days.
Field dissections in Grant County showed only diapausing larvae
and empty pupal cases. Emergence of first generation completed.
First-generation larvae heavy in corn in Dunn, Pierce, St. Croix,
Polk, Barron, and La Crosse Counties. Infested plants ranged
50-80 percent in fields surveyed. In some St. Croix County
fields, 10 percent of stalks broken below ear. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
KANSAS — First-generation O. nubilalis moths continued to
decrease in blacklight traps in Brown and Republic Counties.
Significant flight now occurring in Sedgwick County; probably
second-generation moths; 105 trapped August 21. Second~-generation
pupa found in corn in Pottawatomie County. Late-planted corn in
Brown County 5-95 percent infested with second-generation larvae.
Late corn in Pottawatomie County 95 percent infested with 2-3
larvae per plant. Cornfield in Shawnee County 50 percent infested.
Trace infestation found in cornfield in Stafford County. (Bell).
MARYLAND — Adult flight increased throughout the Eastern Shore.
Egg masses ranged 5-20 per 100 plants. Heaviest damage in no-till
sweet corn with 20 percent infested ears. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
BANKS .GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - OKLAHOMA - Infested 7
of 11 cornfields checked in Texas County. Heavy (9-13 leaves) in
3 fields, one field moderate (2-6 leaves infested), and 3 fields
light. Fields with heavy infestations in area from Guymon south
and east toward Hitchland. Infested 5 of 11 sorghum fields; one
moderate (6-9 leaves infested), others light (1-3 leaves infested).
fOkla. Coop. Sur.)).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - IDAHO - Caused
severe damage to many Canyon County fields of sweet, silage,
and seed corn by August 11. Many fields required controls for
first time in many years by August 18. (Homan).
SMALL GRAINS
HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - MONTANA - Infested 30-50
percent of spring wheat plants in 200-acre field in Sheridan
County. (Pratt). NORTH DAKOTA - Puparia averaged 4 per 100
tillers in field of spring wheat in Bowman County. (Brandvik).
ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - MONTANA - Ranged 40-50
per head on 400 acres of spring wheat in Wibaux County. (Pratt,
Aug. 18).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Medium in
50 acres of millet in Walthall County. Also heavy in 100 acres
and killing grass in some Bahia pastures and turf grazing crops.
(Estess, Locke, Aug. 18). Current damage heavy to pasture grasses
on 800 acres in Madison County and on 8 farms in Scott County.
Athletic field grasses and several lawns destroyed in Madison
County. (Robinson).
- 575 -
BLUEGRASS BILBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - NEBRASKA - Adults 69,
larvae 9, and pupae 3, taken in 5 square feet of one Douglas
County sodfield. (Kindler).
FORAGE LEGUMES
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - IDAHO - Ranged from few to
5,000 per sweep in alfalfa; yields reduced in southern area.
Many heavy damaging populations occurred in fields where
organophosphate insecticides applied for alfalfa weevil control.
Few predators and parasites present. (Portman et al.).
KENTUCKY - Increased in certain areas of State. Averaged 1,000
per 100 sweeps of alfalfa at one Fayette County location.
Predators relatively heavy. (Barnett).
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS -
Infestation near 25 percent on 3-week-old alfalfa in Berkshire
County. (Jensen).
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - IDAHO - Larvae, 60-80
per sweep, severely damaged alfalfa hay in 80-acre area in
Elmore County. (Edwards).
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NORTH DAKOTA - Still present
in irrigated 12-inch, third-crop alfalfa in McKenzie County.
Larvae ranged 65-95 (averaged 78) per 100 sweeps. Old and new
adults present, 17 per 100 sweeps, in same fields. (Brandvik).
BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) -— WISCONSIN —- This
species along with grasshoppers comprised total insect population
in many alfalfa fields. This predator of grasshopper eggs most
noticeable in Iowa and Sauk Counties; ranged 5-10 per 10 sweeps.
Washi; nos oSura)/
GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Still heavy in isolated alfalfa fields
in Iowa, northern Grant, Monroe, Sauk, eastern Vernon, and
La Crosse Counties. Feeding damage scarcely noticeable. (Wis. Ins
Sure.)
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Generally
light in 35 fields examined, except in 2 fields near economic
level. On about 591 acres surveyed in Middlesex County, adults
per 30 linear feet averaged 10.5 in no-till soybeans, 35.5 in
conventionally planted soybeans. Most new adults; will begin egg
laying soon, resulting in sharp increase in populations and
subsequent defoliation. (Allen, Egan). KENTUCKY - Moderate to
heavy on soybeans in western areas. Adults averaged 39 per 360
row feet. (Barnett, Raney).
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - KENTUCKY - Heavy on soy-
beans in western areas. Larvae averaged 400 per 360 row feet.
Very heavy in Hancock County, larvae averaged 5 per linear row
foot in 100-acre field. Controls applied. Also heavy in Logan
‘County. (Barnett, Raney). INDIANA - Larvae of this species and
adults of Epicauta vittata (striped blister beetle) heavy in two
Jefferson County, Soybean fields. Controls applied. (Sanders).
IOWA - P. scabra larval population increased, averaged 0.5 per
Sweep, in Story County fields. Still below economic levels. (Iowa
IMS 5 Swe),
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - GEORGIA - Ranged light to
heavy on soybeans throughout southern area. (French).
BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - KENTUCKY - This species
and Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug) averaged 49 per 360
row feet of soybeans in western areas. (Barnett, Raney).
PEANUTS
REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - OKLAHOMA 7 Heavy in
most peanut-growing areas of State this year, except light ine
Love County. Currently ranged up to 82 per 100 terminals in fields
checked in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - OKLAHOMA ze
Infestations averaged 30 percent and 60 percent in 2 most heavily
infested fields in southern Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. SiwHe , )).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy
infestations spreading over 40 percent of peanut acreage in
Coahoma County. Many fields damaged, plants drying. (Robinson).
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TENNESSEE - Damaged squares
ranged 2-57 percent in western area. Most cotton stopped
squaring. (Locke, Patrick). In Tipton County, some fields have
100 percent punctured squares. In some cases, controls
unsuccesful; however, if small bolls protected, good crop
expected. (Gordon). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestation levels in
Florence area remained low. Larval infestations ranged 1-8 per-
cent in treated plo”’s, 13-18 percent in control plots. Adults per
acre ranged 0-764 in treated plots, 272-1,376 in control plots.
(Taft et al., Aug. 23). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares by
county: Burke, rang2d up to 87, averaged 6; Dooly, ranged up to
50, averaged 5; Wilcox, ranged 0-18; Crisp, ranged O-7. (Barry
et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Generally light over State. Heavy on plants
that are squaring. Average percent punctured squares in selected
counties: Bolivar 6 in "hot spots"; Grenada 14.9; Noxubee 4-8 in
1,000 acres; Covington 1.9; Lincoln 0.65; Jones 1.9. (Robinson).
OKLAHOMA - Percent punctured squares by county: Wagoner 1-15,
Muskogee 1-30, Bryan 1-44, Love 3-8, Grady 48-68 in Chickasha
area, Tillman 3-36, Harmon 0-18; averaged 11, ranged up to 40,
percent in Jackson County; averaged 10 percent in Marshall County.
Light in Kiowa, Cotton, and Jefferson Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - H. zea damaged squares
ranged 1-3 percent in western area. Larvae ranged 1-2 per 100
terminals. (Locke, Patrick). NORTH CAROLINA - H. zea heavy in
some Robeson County fields near early maturing corn. Heavy damage
restricted mostly to fields where improper controls made.
(Williford). SOUTH CAROLINA - Heliothis spp. activity decreased
in Florence area. Larval infestations ranged 2-32 percent in
treated plots, 11-33 percent in control plots. Adults in 3 light
traps: H. zea 243, H. virescens 7. (Taft et al., Aug. 23).
GEORGIA - Counts per 100 terminals by county: Burke, ranged up
to 30 larvae, averaged 3; Dooly, ranged up to 20 larvae, averaged
'3; Wilcox, ranged 8-45 eggs and 0-9 larvae; Crisp, ranged 6-97
eggs and 0-29 larvae. (Hudson et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Egg laying
continued moderate to heavy in most areas. Larval infestations
light; control good. (Robinson). ARKANSAS - Adults moderate to
- 577 -
i light in extreme
heavy in southeast, central, and southwest areas,
ae easy area. H. virescens heavy in localized areas of southeast
part of State. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Percent squares damaged by H.
zea by county: Wagoner 1-6, Muskogee 1-8, Bryan 1-12, up to 40 inf
Caddo and Washita, 8-20 in Grady, averaged 8 in Marshall and Love;
southwest area 0-8. Eggs present in most areas; ranged 1-12 per
100 terminals except in Bryan County where counts up to 144 per
100 terminals found. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARIZONA - H. zea infesta-
tions increased slightly in Graham and Yuma Counties. Treatment
planned in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) —- ALABAMA - Larvae feedjng on
leaves throughout Southern and central areas and as far north
as Marion County. Two fields in Elmore County show 65-70 percent
defoliation. Virus disease reducing population in central part
of State. Moth flights heavy in Dallas, Elmore, and other
counties; eggs 100-300 per 100 stalk terminals. (Price et al.).
NEW MEXICO - Damaged cotton foliage in Columbus area, Luna
County > (NEME= Coop] Rpt).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA -
Exploding populations of mixed ages occurred in cotton in
Elmore, Dallas, Lee, and Russell Counties. Infestations reported
statewide. (McQueen). MISSISSIPPI - Increased slightly in some
areas. Heaviest in field margins. Infestations by county:
Madison, light in 250 acres; Rankin, spotty; Sunflower, light
to moderate in 200 acres; Tallahatchie, very heavy on 300 acres,
moderate on 600 acres. (Robinson).
TOBACCO
TOBACCO HORNWORM (Manduca sexta) - MARYLAND - Controls applied in
most of 4,000 acres of Calvert County tobacco. Light to moderate
outside this area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.):;
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - VIRGINIA - Severely
damaged lower leaves in field of flue-cured tobacco in Chester-
field County. (Allen, Jennings).
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - KENTUCKY - Adults
heavy on tobacco in Madison County, averaged 1.9 per leaf.
Generally lower than past years. (Barnett).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
SUNFLOWER MOTH (Homoeosoma electellum) - NEBRASKA - Larvae, 2-15
per head, infested 100 percent of sunflowers in late-planted
field near Schuyler, Colfax County. (Keith et al.).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
Potato Aphids in Maine - Average counts per plant (by 3-leaf
method) for 150 plants in 6 plots of untreated potatoes at
Aroostook Farm, Aroostook County: Aphis nasturtii (buckthorn
aphid) 9.8; Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) 2-75; Macrosiphum
euphorbiae (potato aphid) 0.7. Winged A. nasturtii general,
including fall forms returning to buckthorn. Few winged M.
persicae found; indicates some movement from field to field.
Fungi still heavy on M. euphorbiae; some parasites still active.
Limited top killing of plants begun in all areas. (Gall).
- 578 -
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MONTANA — Ranged 5-8 per
glant in 40-acre potato field at Waterloo, Madison County.
(Pratt).
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GENERAL VEGETABLES
SOLE CROPS
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NEW MEXICO - This species
and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) problem in Dona Ana County
lettuce fields. Controls applied. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - FLORIDA -
Adults heavy in stems, roots, and fruits of sweetpotato in 8-
acre planting at Grand Ridge, Jackson County. (Miller).
‘SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
OHIO - Adults very heavy on peppers, squash, melons, pumpkins,
and cucumbers in Delaware County. Damage light to heavy on all
:
squash and melon leaves in one area. Lighter on Huron County
cucumbers; feeding damage ranged from very light to moderate on
‘about every other leaf. Adults ranged 1-2 per plant on lima
‘beans in Huron County. (Fox).
4
EGGPLANT FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix fuscula) - OHIO - Heavy, adults
ranged 6-25 per plant, on eggplants in Huron County. All leaves
\damaged; about one-third appeared "peppered with shot." (Fox).
DETECTION
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‘New State Records - A GRASSHOPPER (Metrioptera roeselii) -
MAINE — Nymphs and adults common at Kittery, york County, July 9
and 12, and at York, York County, July 19. Collected and deter-
mined by E.K. Ede. (Gall).
A CICADELLID (Carneocephala sagittifera) - HAWAII - Hawaii
Island (p. 585). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) -
IDAHO - Franklin County. (p. 574).
New County Records - BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa)
= Fayette (p. 582). COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus
comstocki) CALIFORNIA - Kern (p. 583). DUSKY SAP BEETLE
(Carpophilus lugubris) IDAHO - Canyon (p. 574). EULOPHID WASPS -
Sympiesis viridula- INDIANA - Rush. Tetrastichus julis -
ICHIGAN - Ioséo, Livingston, Oscoda (p. 582). FACE FLY (Musca
-autumnalis) NORTH CAROLINA - Chatham (p. 581). MOSQUITOES -
Aedes dorsalis, A. cantator, A. sollicitans, Culex tarsalis,
Culiseta minnesotae - OHIO - Lorain (p. 582). RED IMPORTED FIRE
ANT (Solenopsis invicta) MISSISSIPPI - Sunflower (p. 584). A SAP
BEETLE (Cryptarcha ampla) IDAHO - Canyon (p. 574). SOUTHERN CORN
ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) NORTH DAKOTA -
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Bowman (p. 574). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines)
MISSISSIPPI - Calhoun, Marshall. ILLINOIS - White. TENNESSEE -
Lawrence (p. 584). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata)
NORTH DAKOTA - Bowman, McKenzie (p. 574).
- 579 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - MARYLAND - First-genera-
tion larvae emerged from apples in Washington, Frederick, and
Carroll Counties. Second-generation eggs expected first 14 days
in September. September populations expected to be controlled
with scheduled treatments. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
SHOTHOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - ALABAMA - Beetles, as
secondary pests, became heavy and damaged several weak and dying
apple trees in Lee and Randolph Counties. (Barwood).
SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - OREGON - Unusually
heavy in Wasco County cherry orchards. In many orchards, dead
twigs seen, especially in tops of trees. Summer controls suggested.
(Thienes).
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Built up
rapidly in many orchards with onset of hot weather in Franklin,
Hampshire, and Hampden Counties. (Jensen).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Larvae unusually
heavy in many Butler County pecan trees. (Morgan).
PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae)- ALABAMA - Damage seen in several
pecan orchards in Bullock and Lowndes Counties. Some controls
applied in Bullock County. (Stone, Gerald).
CITRUS
Insect Situation in Florida - Mid-August - CITRUS RUST MITE
(Phyllocoptruta Oleivora) infested 78 (norm 65) percent of groves;
economic in 65 (norm 51) percent. Population attained summer peak
in mid-August and in high range and above normal on leaves and
fruit. Although decrease expected, numerous groves will continue
to have important infestations. All districts high. TEXAS CITRUS
MITE (Eutetranychus banksi) infested 56 (norm 44) percent of
groves; economic in 33 (norm 21) percent. Population decreased,
still above normal and in moderate range. Rapid decrease to low
level expected. Highest districts west, central, and east. CITRUS
RED MITE (Panonychus citri) infested 20 (norm 45) percent of
groves; economic is 6 (norm 22) percent. At lowest August level
in 21 years of record. Will remain very low and of little impor-
tance in all districts. BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested
89 (norm 68) percent of groves; economic in 75 (norm 47) percent.
Population decreased but still highest on record for August and
in very high range. Gradual decrease expected. All districts are
high, AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 38 (norm 27)
percent of groves; economic in 27 percent, Population decreased
from all-time high level reported last month, Slight temporary
decrease expected. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infes-
ted 76 (norm 64) percent of groves; economic in 5 (norm 14)
percent. Population below normal and in moderate range. Decrease
expected. Highest district north. PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii)
infested 62 (norm 56) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 4)
percent. Near normal abundance and in low to moderate range in all
districts. Will decrease until October. YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella
citrina) infested 28 (norm 50) percent of groves; none economic
(norm 6 percent). CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) infested 42
- 580 -
‘norm 46) percent of groves; none economic (norm 4 percent). These
cales below normal and will occur only as light infestations.
REEN SCALE (Coccus viridis) infested 24 percent of groves;
conomic in 6 percent. Decreased and in low range. Population
igher than any prior August on record. WHITEFLIES infested 77
ercent of groves; economic in 24 percent. Population of larval
orm decreased,still in high range and above normal. Adult popula-
ion also above normal and higher than larval population. Highest
istricts east and west. MEALYBUG population dropped into low
ange and will continue decrease. (W.A. Simanton (Citrus Expt.
ta., Lake Alfred)).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
LARGER ELM LEAF BEETLE (Monocesta coryli) - GEORGIA - New infes-
tations found in Morgan, Monroe, and Butts Counties. Many elms
infested along 25-mile front in 10 lower Piedmont counties from
Spalding County to Lincoln County; defoliation usually 100 per-
cent. (Smith). ALABAMA - Many large elms along 4 creeks in
Elmore County defoliated. (McQueen).
MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - KANSAS - Damage to
mimosa and honeylocust unusually light in southeast district.
Foliar damage generally severe in Manhattan, Riley County. Eggs,
pupae, and large larvae abundant with some smaller larvae on
honeylocust. (Bell).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,272 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period August 13-19 as
follows: Texas 4,082; New Mexico 44; Arizona 101; Oklahoma 44;
Colorado 1. Total of 1,082 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of
sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 204,608,000
as follows: Texas 169,220,000; New Mexico 8,960,000; Arizona
25,000,000; California 800,000; Arkansas 628,000. Total of
28,540,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim, Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Ranged up to 10
per head on cattle near Pittsboro, Chatham County. This is a new
county record and most eastern occurrence of this pest in State.
(Falter). KENTUCKY - Average per animal on cattle by county:
Madison 14.2 and Fayette 8.2. (Barnett). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged
5 per face on 300 treated cattle in Monroe County. (Combs) .
MISSOURI - Ranged 5-31 (averaged 8.4) per head in northwest area.
(Munson). MONTANA - Average counts per head on cattle: 4 in
Billings area, Yellowstone County; 8 in Bozeman area, Gallatin
County; J0 in Hamilton area, Ravalli County. Ranged 13-15 per
head on horses in Bitter Root Valley. (Pratt, Aug. 18).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 100-125 per
head on herd of 175 beef cattle in Montgomery County. (Robinson).
MISSOURI - Ranged 70-365, averaged 237, per animal in northwest
area. (Munson). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 60-100 per head on cattle in
Payne County, 300-500 per head in Marshall County. Heavy in
Oklahoma and Pontotoc Counties, moderate in Atoka County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Ranged 500-3,000 per head in 3 untreated
range herds in Keith and Lincoln Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy).
- 581 -
poe ae
a.
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Light to moderate
annoyance to treated dairy cattle in most areas. Annoyance to
humans heavy in portions of Walworth, Bayfield, Waukesha, Jeffer-
son, and Dane Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Averaged
20 per leg on untreated animals in 2 Brown County feedlots and
15-20 per leg on untreated animals in 4 feedlots in Lincoln and
Keith Counties. (Campbell, McEvoy).
HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NEBRASKA - Heavily infested feedlot
near Ainsworth, Brown County. Ranged 10-12 per Scudder grid in 4
Lincoln and Keith County feedlots. (Campbell, McEvoy). WISCONSIN -
Heavy in the southern three-quarters of State. Severe nuisance in
homes, at picnics, and cookouts. Numbers in dairy barns very heavy
on farms where controls lacking or inadequate. Infestations on
some farms in Columbia County reported heaviest ever known. (Wis.
ins.4 Sur.)
MOSQUITOES - OHIO - Aedes dorsalis, A. cantator, A. sollicitans,
Culex tarsalis, and Culiseta minnesotae collected | during period
August 8-18 in Loraine County. These are new county records.
Total of 4,414 mosquitoes taken; averaged 72.3 per trap per night,
ranged 4-787 per trap. (Fox). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes increased
greatly past 7 days. Severe biting noted in Grant County State
parks and in Dunn, Barron, Polk, and St. Croix County cornfields,
Biting a problem in Dane, Walworth, Calumet, Trempealeau, Racine,
and in parts of Bayfield Counties. Continued rains insure mos-
aquito problem to last several weeks. Annoyance to cattle moderate
in most areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Light trap counts
in Metropolitan Mosquito Control District August 12-18 highest
on record. Total of 104,045 females from 16 traps; 35,000 males
taken, Aedes vexans accounted for 95 percent of collection,
A.cinereus 1.5 percent. Nuisance levels very high throughout most
of “State, probably as high as any time in recent years. Numbers
decreased and cooler weather somewhat restricted activity. (Minn.
Pest Rpt.).
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy
in 3 homes in Prentiss County. (Smith, Aug. 18). KENTUCKY - Single
immature and 4 females collected in warehouse at Lexington,
Fayette County, June 12 by B. Runion. Determined by W.B. Peck.
This is a new county record. (PP).
LONE. STAR TICK (Amblyomma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Still heavy on
cattle in Atoka and Pontotoc Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
LADY BEETLES - OHIO - Averaged 1 per 2 linear feet of cucumbers
in Huron County. Species, in order of predominance included:
Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, and Adalia
bipunctata. (Fox, Figchen
EULOPHID WASPS - MICHIGAN - Tetrastichus julis recovered for new
county records as follows: lIosco during June by M. Davenport;
Livingston June 7 by D. Girbach; Oscoda June 19 by D. Olson. All
determined by F.W. Stehr. Originally released in these counties
June 9, 1971, as parasites of Oulema melanopus (cereal leaf
beetle) larvae: Iosco by R. Britt, Livingston by D. Girbach;
Oscoda by D. Olson. For recovery, 0. melanopus larvae were
collected and reared to full growth; if present, T. julis
- 582 -
merged. (Sauer). For previous records in State see CEIR 22(32):
528-529.(PP). INDIANA - One female and 2 male Sympiosis viridula
ecovered from burrow of Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer)
July 26, in Rush County. Collected by R.W. Meyer. This is a new
county record. This parasite released about 1946 in several
counties and has since been recovered in Tipton, Jasper,
Vermillion, Kosciusko; and Tippecanoe Counties. (Meyer).
A BRACONID (Apanteles congregatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - Parasitism
of Manduca spp. (hornworms) on tobacco increased average of 10
percent at Bladen, Columbus County, at Wilson, Wayne County, and
in Surry County. Parasitism heaviest, 64 percent, at Wilson,
Wayne County. (Hunt).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
(COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - New in-
festation found on mulberry trees on 21 city blocks in Delano,
Kern County. Counts averaged 10 per leaf. Collected by T. Tandrow
and R. Rockwell. Determined by R. Gill. This is a new county ~
record. P. comstocki also occurs in Porterville, Springville,
Strathmore, Lindsay, Terra Bella, and Exeter in Tulare County.
Delano infestation about 20 miles from Porterville infestation.
eal. Coop. Rpt.).
GRASSHOPPERS - INDIANA - Mainly Melanoplus spp. adults predomi-
nated over immatures in sandier portions of Porter, La Porte,and
Lagrange Counties. Damage evident to leaves and corn silks in
few weedy fields and also to poorly maintained alfalfa field.
(Meyer). MINNESOTA - Adult survey underway. Very heavy infesta-
tions found on Olmsted and Dodge County line, 3 miles east of
Oslo; ranged 100-150 per square yard in one alfalfa field. Counts
high in other fields in immediate area. Some damage Seen on
adjacent soybeans. Alfalfa being cut; mass movement of grass-
hoppers from these fields expected. Most grasshoppers in area,
as well as statewide, Melanoplus femurrubrum in fourth instar to
adult. Other economic counts of 8 or more per Square yard gen-
erally very widely scattered. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
NORTH DAKOTA - Grasshopper adults noneconomic in Oliver, Hettinger,
Divide, and Stutsman Counties. Light and economic infestations
found in southern Morton County. Mostly noneconomic in Sioux
County, occasionally light in western parts of county, and
economic in central Grant County. Mostly noneconomic in Adams
County, except for occasional light infestations in northeast.
Infestations light and economic in central Williams County.
Grasshoppers light in southern Kidder County. (Grasser). UTAH -
Ranged 20-40 per square yard (90 percent nymphs) in some range
areas in Lefthand Fork of Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Cache County,
and 1-12 per square yard in other areas. (Knowlton).
/GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - WEST VIRGINIA - Male moth
jcollected in trap in Hardy County August 21 by R. Clark. Deter-
mined by E.L. Todd. NORTH CAROLINA - Adult trapped August 4 at
‘Campground near Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, by G.B. Lott.
Adult trapped in log holding yard at Beaufort, Carteret County,
August 7 by P.J. Lockerman. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed
iby D.M. Weismann. Until further survey and investigations are
“completed to verify the nature of these situations, they will be
‘considered as regulatory incidents. (PP).
f
\
- 583 -
RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - MISSISSIPPI -
Collected at Moorehead, Sunflower County, August 7 by C.E. Wood.
Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by D.R. Smith. This is a new
county record. (PP).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Total of
15,986 taken from one bait trap at Pennsylvania Furnace, Centre
County, July 3 to August 23. At State College, Centre County,
1,105 adults taken in 16 bait traps at one location August 18-23.
(Bierlein, Adams). TENNESSEE - Continued to damage favored hosts
in local areas of Johnson County. (Hammett, Quillin).
ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY (Dacus dorsalis) - CALIFORNIA - Since June 1,
when original female trapped at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
County, total of 2,798 trap inspections made; no additional
flies taken. Two toxic bait applications made within 6-square-
mile core area. Two additional treatments scheduled. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Increased in
Graham County cotton; some treatments made. Infestation 1-2
percent in Gila Valley cotton in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
NEW MEXICO - Rosetted cotton blooms seen in 5 fields in Sunland
Park area of Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - TENNESSEE - In ran-
dom sampling, 37 percent of soil samples taken in soybean fields
of western area found infested. Some fields show stunting
symptoms; decrease in yield expected in many fields. (Ponchillia,
Hooper). MISSISSIPPI - Collected on soybeans at Gore Springs,
Calhoun County, July 17 by D. Pittman, and at Byhalia, Marshall
County, July 21 by J. Brigance. ILLINOIS - Collected on soybeans
at Springerton, White County, July 13 by D. Edwards. TENNESSEE -
Collected on soybeans at Five Points, Lawrence County, August 15
by L.C. Green. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by A.M. Golden.
These are new county records. (PP).
WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Popula-
tion increased in San Diego, San Diego County. Infestations
spreading, homeowners concerned. Many parasite release sites in
area of increased A. floccosus populations. Total of 326 release
sites established. Parasite activity presently very low due to
adverse weather. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
- 584 -
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
ew State Record - Several adults of a CICADELLID (Carneocephala
Sagittifera) collected in various grasses at Kona, Hawaii, by 8.
Kashiwai and S. Kobayashi June 7. Determined by J.P. Kramer,
Known to occur in Texas, Louisiana, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba,and
the West Indies. Necordine to literature it has been found on
several species of grasses and frequently in close association
with sugarcane. It has not been noted commonly on sugarcane and
has not been credited with transmission of any disease. (Kawamura).
|
I
\Fruits and Nuts - CLOUDYWINGED WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citrifolii)
‘and Bemisia giffardi collected from citrus foliage at Nawiliwili,
Kauai, in December 1971. This is first collection of these 2
species on island of Kauai. D. citrifolii previously recorded from
Oahu and Hawaii; B. giffardi from Oahu, Maui, and Molokai.
|) (Nakahara). Several additional adults of a SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY
(Papilio xuthus) observed over south and west Kauai indicating
establishment of this citrus pest on this island. First discovered
‘on Kauai at Poipu in June 1972. (Sugawa).
Ornamentals - Adults of a WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus cribricollis)
moderate and caused light to moderate damage to chrysanthemum
flowers in upper Kula, Maui. (Miyahira).
Beneficial Insects - Only traces of Klamath weed (Hypericum
perforatum) noted on Mount Hualalai, Hawaii, at 6,700 feet
‘levation, where a GALL MIDGE (Zeuxidiplosis giardi) and
CHRYSOMELID BFETLES (Chrysolina spp.) were released in 1965.
‘Although no beetles found, light population of the gall midge was
observed on few remaining plants. (Yoshioka). In July, infestations
of an ARCTIID MOTH (Selca brunella), a flower, fruit and leaf
feeder of Melastoma malabathricum, ranged 25-35 percent on fruits
and terminals in the Kulani area, Hawaii, and averaged 43 percent
on fruits at ‘Hanahanapuni, Kauai. (Yoshioka, Sugawa). Leaf feeding
larvae of a HELIODINID MOTH (Schreckensteinia festaliella) and a
‘TORTRICID MOTH (Apotoforma sp.) very active on blackberry in the
Kilauea Forest Reserve, Hawaii. This is first recovery of S.
festaliella in this area. (Yoshioka). PUNCTUREVINE STEM WEEVIL
‘Wlicrolarinus lypriformis) remains very active, with heavy adult
Pe ow cence, in the Waikapu and Maalaea area on Maui. Native puncture-
vine (Tribulus cistoides) scarce and heavily infested wherever
found. (Miyahira).
|
- 585 -
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
FLORIDA
Gainesville 8/18-24
IOWA
Beaconsfield 8/11-17
Castana 8/11-17
Kanawha 8/11-17
Garden City 8/21
Hiawatha 8/22
Wichita 8/21
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Crookston 8/16-22
Shakopee 8/16-22
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Washington 8/18-24
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Portageville 8/18-24
Lincoln 8/24
North Platte 8/24
Plymouth 8/17
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587 -
—<—
Weather of the week continued from page 572.
TEMPERATURE: Cooler, drier air spread into the northern Great
Plains and upper Mississippi River Valley early in the week. The
temperature at Jamestown, North Dakota, dropped from 92 degrees
Sunday to 64 degrees Monday morning and climbed only to 68 degrees
Monday afternoon. Minneapolis, Minnesota, registered 97 degrees
Sunday afternoon but only 63 degrees Tuesday. By midweek, comfor-
table temperatures had spread southward to the central Great Plains}
and eastward to the upper Great Lakes. North Platte, Nebraska, |
recorded 41 degrees Wednesday morning. Autumn weather was also
noted in the high Rockies. Big Piney, Wyoming, registered 30
degrees and Leadville, Colorado, 31 degrees Tuesday morning. The
Far Southwest continued hot with afternoon temperatures climbing
above 100 degrees on most days. Blythe, California, registered
116 degrees Tuesday afternoon. Early morning temperatures in the
desert Southwest were generally near 80 degrees. Temperatures in
the Far Northwest ranged from the 60's in the morning to the 70's
and 80's on most afternoons. Central and eastern Oklahoma and
nearby parts of adjoining States warmed to the 100's or higher
Monday afternoon but only to the 80's on Tuesday. The Deep South f
continued in the 90's most afternoons. The mercury reached the 80's:
from the lower Great Lakes to the Middle Atlantic States most
afternoons. High relative humidity over the South and East added
to the discomfort caused by warm temperatures. Warm weather |
continued over the Northeast over the weekend. Summer heat
returned to the Northwest. The Dalles, Oregon, registered 103
degrees Sunday afternoon. The northern Great Plains also warmed
with afternoon temperatures near 90 degrees Sunday, 92 degrees at |
Bismarck and Williston, North Dakota. Temperatures averaged above
normal along the Pacific coast.
- 588 -
BOLL WEEVIL
(Anthonomus grandis Boh.)
Selected References
1970-1971
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and
Technical Support Staff.
Agee, H. R. and Elder, H. W. 1970. Histology of the compound eye
of the boll weevil. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(6):1654-1656.
‘Andrawes, N. R. and Dorough, H. W. 1970. Metabolism of Temik in
: boll weevils and houseflies. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Prog. Rpt.
| 2833. 8 pp.
Baker, D. N. and Lloyd, E. P. 1970. An energy balance for the boll
weevil, Anthonomus grandis. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(1):104-
107.
Baker, D. N. and Lloyd, E. P. 1970. Effect of age on respiration
and transpiration in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis.
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(1):100-104.
Bariola, L. A. and Lindquist, D. A. 1970. Longevity and fecundity
of boll weevils exposed to sublethal doses of systemic
insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):527-530.
Bariola, L. A., Ridgway, R. L., and Coppedge, J. R. 1971. Large-
scale field tests of soil applications of aldicarb for sup-
pression of populations of boll weevils. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):
1280-1284.
Bell, M. R. and McLaughlin, R. E. 1970. Influence of the protozoan
Mattesia grandis McLaughlin on the toxicity to the boll
weevil of four insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):266-269.
Bonham, C. D. and Fye, R. E. 1971. An empirical model for pre-
dicting boll weevil distribution on cotton plants. J. Econ.
Ent. 64(2):539-540.
Bottrell, D. G. and Almand, L. K. 1970. Evaluation of the 1968
reproductive-diapause boll weevil control program of the
Texas High Plains. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Prog. Rpt. 2766.
15 pp.
Bottrell, D. G. and Coauthors. 1970. Studies of boll weevil popu-
lations and their movement in the High and Rolling Plains of
TexaS uSing male-baited traps, 1968. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta.
MP-948. 8 pp.
Brasher, C., Mullins, J. A., and Bennett, S. E. 1971. Electro-
static ULV spraying for control of the boll weevil. J. Econ.
Ent. 64(6):1537-1541.
Bull, D. L., Stoker, R. A., Hardee, D. D., and Gueldner, R. C.
1971. Gas chromatographic determination of the components of
the synthetic boll weevil sex pheromone (grandlure). Agr.
Food Chem. J. 19(1):202-203.
- 589 -
{
Burt, E. C. and Coauthors. 1970. Boll weevil control with insecti-
cide applied in sprays with narrow-spectrum droplet sizes.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):365-370.
Chesnut, T. L. and Cross, W. H. 1971. Arthropod parasites of the
boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis: 2. Comparisons of their
importance in the United States over a period of thirty-eight
years. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):549-557.
Chisholm, W. C. 1970. Lower insecticide cost and increased yield
under diapause boll weevil control. Cotton Prod-Mech. Conf.
Sum-Proc. pp. 22-23.
Clower, D. F., Jones*s Jo E.; Benkwith, K. B.j7> and Sloane, eae
1970. Non-preference; a new approach to boll weevil control.
La. Agr. 13(4):10-11.
Cross, W. H. and Chesnut, T. L. 1971. Arthropod parasites of the
boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis: 1. An annotated list. Ent.
Soe. Amer. Ann. 64(2):516-527.
Cross, W. H., Leggett, J. E., and Hardee, D. D. 1971. Improved
traps for capturing boll weevils. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ.
Ens: -Rpt..0 21C21) 3367-368:
Davich, T. B. 1970. Trapping of weevils by sex lure in repro-
duction-diapause control areas. Cotton Prod-Mech. Conf. Sum-
Proc. pp. 12-15.
Davich)) LL. Bes | Hardee), (D2. and Alcala M., J. 1970. Long-range
dispersal of boll weevils determined with wing traps baited
with males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1706-1708.
Earle, N: W., Padevani, I., Thompson, M. J., and Robbins twee
1970. Inhibition of larval development and egg production
in the boll weevil following ingestion of ecdysone analogues.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1064-1069.
Flint, H. Mi, Walk, E: L.;°Klassen,' W., and Greenberg, 7D-O19@e
Biological effects of irradiation with thermal neutrons on
boll weevils fed boric acid containing boron-102, J. Econ. |
Ent. 64(5):1002-1008.
Fye, R. E. and Bonham, C. D. 1970. Analysis of populations of the *
boll weevil in one acre of cotton at Florence, South Carolina,
in, 1957—59)) ai--heon. Ent. 163 (5) 2505-15 L0).
Fye, R. E. and Bonham, C. D. 1970. Summer temperatures of the soil
surface and their effect on survival of boll weevils in fallen:
cotton squares. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1599-1602.
Fye, R. E., Cole, C. L., and Bull, D. L. 1970. Populations ot gnome
weevils in selected fields in Presidio County, Texas, and
Ojinaga, Chihuahua, Mexico, in late 1968 subsequent to repro-
ductive-diapause control IS GIEE ule in 1965-1967. J. Econ. Ent.
63(4) : 1084-1086.
Fye, R. E., Leggett, J. E., and Bonham, C. D. 1970. Winter ‘survival
of the bo41 weevil complex in Arizona. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):
1071-1074.
- 590 -
ueldner, R. C., Thompson, A. C., Hardee, D. D., and Hedin, P. A.
1970. Constituents of the cotton bud. XIX. Attractancy to the
boll weevil of the terpenoids and related plant constituents.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(6):1819-1821.
juilbault, GleG.) Kuan se Ss 2. and Sadary Mer Hi! 71970" Pur rt vea tion
and properties of cholinesterases from honeybees-—-Apis
mellifera Linnaeus--and boll weevils--Anthonomus grandis
Boheman. J. Agr. Food Chem. 18(4) :692-697.
Jardee, D. D. 1970. Pheromone production by male boll weevils as
affected by food and host factors. Contrib. Boyce Thompson
Inst. 24(13):315-322.
Perdee, D! D!, Cleveland, T. CC’, Davis, J. W., and Cross, W. H.
1970. Attraction of boll weevils to cotton plants and to
males fed on three diets. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):990-991.
Hardee, D. D., Cross, W. H., Huddleston, P. M., and Davich, T. B.
1970. Survey and control of the boll weevil in west Texas
with traps baited with males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1041-1048.
qardee, Deve hindic. Oe Ho. and Davich) "ry 'B. t97L. Suppression
of populations of boll weevils over a large area in west
Texas with pheromone traps in 1969. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4):928-
933.
mecdce, DP. D:, Wilson, N. M., Mitchell, E. B., and Huddleston,
P. M. 1971. Factors affecting activity of grandlure, the
pheromone of the boll weevil, in laboratory bioassays.
J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1454-1456.
Miynes, J. W., Davich, T. B., Mitlin, N., and Sioan Coy he 297
Shipment of large numbers of boll weevils in small containers.
J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :325-327.
Hopkins, AY RY Patt, H. M., ‘and Agee, H. R:1971. "Movement of the
| boll weevil into and out of a cotton field as determined by
| flight screens. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):254-257.
Hopkins, A. R., Taft, H. M., James, W., and Jernigan, C. E. 1970.
Evaluation of substitutes for DDT in field experiments for
control of the bollworm and the boll weevil in cotton: 1967-
69. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):848-850.
Jenkins, J. N., McLaughlin, R. E., Parrott, W. L., and Wouters,
Cc. J. J. 1970. Eliminating Glugea gasti (Protozoa: Micro-
Sporidia) from genetic stocks of the boll weevil. J. Econ.
i Ent. 63(5):1638-1639.
Klassen, W. and Earle, N. W. 1970. Permanent sterility induced in
j boll weevils with busulfan without reducing production of
pheromone. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1195-1198.
‘Leggett, J. E. and Cross, W. H, 1971. A new trap for capturing
boll weevils. U.S. Dept. Agr. Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt. 21(45-
48):773-774.
‘Lincoln, C. and Coauthors. 1971. Resistance of Frego-type cotton
to boll weevil and bollworm. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1326-1327.
| = 597 12
McHaffey, D. G. 1970. Boll weevil chemosterilants. Research pro-
gram Seeks compounds to eradicate a major pest of cotton.
South. Res. Inst. Bul. 23(1):3-7.
McKibben, G. H., Hedin, P. A., McLaughlin, R. E., and Davich,
T. B. 1971. Development of the bait principle for control ofm@
boll weevils: addition of terpenoids and related plant con-
stituents. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1493-1495.
McKibben, G. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Addition of food acidulants
to increase attractiveness to boll weevils of bait containing
cottonseed oil. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):583-585.
McKibben, G. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Slow-release formulations of
grandlure, the synthetic pheromone of the boll weevil.
J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):317-319.
Mistric, W. J., Jr., Covington, B. M., and Smith, F. D. 1970.
Effects of methyl parathion, DDT, and toxaphene on the boll
weevil, bollworm, and cotton plant in North Carolina.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :596-599. j
Mitchell, H. C. and Cross, W. H. 1971. Mating of boll weevils in
the field. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):773-774.
Mitlin, N. and Wiygul, G. 1971. Synthesis of nucleic acid and
protein in the boll weevil fed with busulfan. Ent. Soc. Amer.
Ann. 64(4) :822-824.
Moore, R. F., Jr. and Taft, H. M. 1971. Differences in percentages |
of fatty acids in triglycerides and phospholipids of larvae
of the bollworm and the tobacco budworm as possible factors
in their tolerance to insecticides. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):
1060-1065.
Moore, R. F., Jr. and Taft, H. M. 1971. Effect on reproduction of
the boll weevil by drugs which act on catecholamines and
indolealkylamines. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6):1390-1393.
Moore, R. F., Jr., Tatt, H. M., and Payne, LE. By 1970s pame mayan
sulfoxide as a possible synergist for selected insecticides
against the boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1342-1343.
Nettles, W. C., Jr., Parro, B., Sharbaugh, C., and Mangum, C. L.
1971. Trehalose and other carbohydrates in Anthonomus
grandis, Heliothis zea, and Heliothis virescens during
growth and development. J. Insect Physiol. 17(4) :657-675.
Norment, B. R. and Chambers, H. W. 1970. Joint actions in organo-
phosphorus poisoning in boll weevils. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):
499-502.
Norment, B. R. and Chambers, H. W. 1970. Temperature relationships |
in organophosphorus poisoning in boll weevils. J. Econ. Ent.
63(2) :502-504.
Parrott, W. L., Jenkins, J. N., and Buford, W. T. 1970. Instars
and duration of stadia of boll weevil larvae. Ent. Soc. Amer. |
Ann. 63(5):1265-1267.
Oo 2a
frimmer, T. R., Furr, R. E., and Stadelbacher, E. A. 1971.
Materials for control of boll weevils, bollworms, and tobacco
budworms on cotton at Stoneville, Mississippi. J. Econ. Ent.
64(2):475-478.
Rainwater, C. F. 1970. Prospects for eradication of boll weevil.
Wash. Acad. Sci. J. 60(2):48-53.
Pideway , R. L., Bariola, L. A., and Hardee, D. D. 1971. Seasonal
movement of boll weevils near the High Plains of Texas.
| J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):14-19.
Roach, SHaeemiRay, iG. 0 Hopkins, Ave Raf andi Datitgn Hig Meytomly
Comparison of attraction of wing traps and cotton trap plots
baited with male boll weevils for overwintered weevils. Ent.
Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2):530-531.
Bach, S. H., Ray, L., Taft, H. M., and Hopkins, A. R. 1971.
Wing traps baited with male boll weevils for determinging
spring emergence of overwintered weevils and subsequent
infestations in cotton. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) 107-110.
cn, Seep atte oH Mes Ray, Lia and: Hopkins 7) Ay Re lo7 i:
Population dynamics of the boll weevil in an isolated cotton
| field in South Carolina. Ent. Soc. Amer, Ann. 64(2):394-399.
|
Roach, S. H. and Walker, J. T. 1970. A parasitic mite found on
boll weevils near Florence, South Carolina, in 1968. J. Econ.
Ent. 63(2) :646-647.
Rummel, D. R. and Adkisson, P. L. 1970. Distribution of boll
weevil- infested cotton fields in relation to overwintering
| habitats in the High and Rolling Plains of Texas. J. Econ.
i Ent. 63(6):1906-1909.
Rummel, D. R. and Adkisson, P. L. 1971. A two-phased control
program designed for maximum suppression of the boll weevil
in the High and Rolling Plains of Texas. J. Econ. Ent.
64(4) :919-922.
Spencer, N. R. 1971. Sterilization of insect diet by gamma irra-
diation. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):753-754.
Sterling, W. L. 1971. Winter survival of the boll weevil in the
High and Rolling Plains of Texas. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):39-41.
Sterling, W. L. and Adkisson, P. L. 1970. Seasonal rates of
increase for a population of the boll weevil, Anthonomus
randis, in the High and Rolling Plains of Texas. Ent. Soc.
Amer. Ann. 63(6):1696-1700.
|
j
|
|
|
‘Talmadge, K., Albersheim, P., and Earle, N. W. 1970. Cotton plant
cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes of the boll
| weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1712-1714.
‘Terranova, A. C. 1971. An automated procedure for analysis of
pusulfan in boll weevils and in fortified boll weevil diet.
J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :549-550.
- 593 -
Thompson, A. C., Pratt, J. R., Minyard, J. P., and Hedin, P. A.
1970. Constituents of the cotton bud. XVII. A survey of the
lipids and fatty acids of glanded and glandless cotton with
respect to nutrition and host-preference of the boll weevil.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :753-756.
Thompson, A. C. and Coauthors. 1970. Constituents of the cotton
bud. XVI. The attractancy response of the boll weevil to the
essential oils of a group of host and nonhost plants.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):751-753.
Tingle. Hh.) CzscLane, H. C25 Kings Eieh.,, and lloyd sh aee 1971.
Influence of nutrients in the adult diet on diapause in the
boll weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4):812-814.
Tumlinson, J. H. and Coauthors. 1970. The boll weevil sex
attractant, pp. 41-59. In M. Beroza (Ed.) Chemical Controlling)
Insect Behavior. Academic Press, New York. 170 pp.
Tumlinson, J. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Identification and synthesis’ |
for the four compounds comprising the boll weevil sex attract-)
ant. J. Org. Chem. 36(18) :2616-2621. i
Vanderzant, E. S. and Chremos, J. H. 1971. Dietary requirement of
the boll weevil for arginine and the effect of arginine
analogues on growth and on the composition of the body amino
acids. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(2):480-485.
Vavra, J. and McLaughlin, R. E. 1970. Fine structure of some
developmental stages of Mattesia grandis McLaughlin (Sporozoa, '
Neogregarinida), a parasite of boll weevil Anthonomus grandis |
Boheman. J. Protozool. 17(3):483-496.
Walker, J. K., Jr. and Bottrell, D. G. 1970. Infestations of boll
weevils in isolated plots of cotton in Texas, 1960-69.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1646-1650. |
Wiygul, G., Mitlin, N., Love, J. N., and Lusk, G. J LOMO he
absorption and metabolism of glycine-uU-l4c in the irradiated
and normal boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Comp. Biochem. and Physiol.
33(3) :475-480.
Wolfenbarger, D. A., McGarr, R. L., Longoria, R. R., and Nosky,
J. B. 1970. Toxicity of EPN, accothion, and certain chlo-
rinated hydrocarbons to certain cotton insects. J. Econ.
Ent. 63(5):1568-1573.
jurfitih, Ra Le; Dunhamyebe L.. jeSpain, eV. ly) and Siddall, J. B. |
1970. Synthetic studies on insect hormones. IX. Stereo-
selective total synthesis of a racemic boll weevil pheromone.
Amer. Chem. Soc. J. 92:425-427. i
Prepared by Pest Survey and U.S. Dept. Agr.
Technical Support Staff Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
22(35) :589-594, 1972 —
- 594 -
v “une i
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
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AGR 101
VOL. 22 No. 36 #22 September 8, 1972
Cay,
Lat,
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining To chaise meleasics
including the mailing list, should be senuivo:
CEIR
Economic Insect survey and Detection
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 September 8, 1972 Number 36
COOPRE HCON ENS. RED.
HIGHLIGHTS
Curren Conditions
CORN EARWORM adults increased on Virginia Eastern Shore, growers
advised to follow recommended treatment schedules. Larvae heavy
on late soybeans in North Carolina, feeding on pods in south-
western Alabama. (p. 597).
CORN ROOTWORMS heavier in Nebraska than in 1971. (p. 598).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY heavy on soybeans and cotton in southwest
Alabama; continued threat to cotton in many areas of Mississippi
with some controls applied. (pp. 601, 602).
BOLL WEEVIL continued problem on cotton in hill section of
Mississippi; counts and damaged squares increased in central and
northern Alabama. (p. 601).
BOLLWORM egg laying heavy in southern Georgia, moth flights heavy
throughout Alabama. Bollworms continued problem in southeastern
district and in Arkansas River Valley of Arkansas. (p. 602).
Detection
New State records include a CHRYSOMELID BEETLE in South Dakota
(p. 599), and a SPIDER MITE in Pennsylvania (p. 604).
For new county and parish records see page 610.
Reports in this issue are for week ending September 1 unless
otherwise indicated.
- 595 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance..........+.-2+++200- ~. OOM
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...598 Cole Crops.................. 603 |
Small GrainS...0 3.0. .....6. 599 General Vegetables.......... 603 |
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..599 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...604)}
Forage Legumes............- GOO) CPE US Se. i) oie ie cece are 604))
SON @enalS 5 Adi sic Gi dc Au ie a 60 7.600" Ornamentals oo cei. lye uate eee 604}
PEANUTS ean culattaiteitcticuitteraeste 601 Forest and Shade Trees...... 604 |
CO ECOM eH a rac cend ar eheide semtedlertone tons 60) Man) and Animals...) jeer .. 605)
MOIELCCOds oo500og0000K0F 0000 602 i}
Hawaia Tnseeite REPOr te Welter <lene) oj ake erste oitelee telleiiolo te leit Maite Malait Mota MeltciE melts . 600)
BENe LA CLAD DIMSSE ES le la) eiaesiaite la ve.e- elite altaytet iors Uellisieseltey loiter belted tehle MCR Curse ames eon Enema 600)
Hederal’ and Sitate Plant Protection Prosrams). jc). eee 600)
leplgeal its | Mvereijo) CloliteeiglOms eso oe digbdoGandoduabouoono od oooK OD ON ae ata 600)
DewGec Giron sy eee) tales cs Ges exe ca tiger cade o lolth vemtelteiiarte Tecarte tale fartefa er elo) cite reer cn eee Me ea ate eee 61t
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
SEPTEMBER 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for September is fo)]
temperatures to average below Seasonal normals across the souther?}
half of the Nation except for near to above normal in California. |
Above normal temperatures are also expected across the northern
third of the Nation. In unspecified areas near normal temperature?!
are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal over
the Pacific coast, the Great Basin, Texas, and the south Atlantic)
coast. Subnormal totals are called for over the northeastern
quarter of the Nation. Elsewhere near normal precipitation is
indicated.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National
Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent
of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 4
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Scattered thunderstorms occurred along the easter?!
slopes of the southern Rocky Mountains Monday, August 28. Heavier
showers fell along the Atlantic coast from Virginia to Florida.
Savannah, Georgia, received 4.14 inches in 6 hours early Tuesday..||
Tropical storm Gwen, about 300 miles south-southwest of San Diego)
with winds near the center gusting to 60 m.p.h., brought showers
and thunderstorms to southern California. Heavier, local showers
fell in the mountains in the Southwest. Heavy showers continued
in the East Wednesday. Orlando, Florida, received 3.26 inches of
rain Wednesday afternoon and early evening. A cold front moved
into the northern Great Plains by midweek. It set off numerous
showers and thunderstorms as it moved across the central Great
Weather of the week continued on page 610.
- 596 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - GEORGIA - Moderate in Coastal
Bermuda grass pastures in Cook, Schley, and Tift Counties. (Smith
et al.). ALABAMA - Full-grown larvae heavy in Bermuda grass lawn
established July 15 in Blount County. (McQueen).
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Adults increased in
blacklight traps, averaged 5 per night for 5 locations in Sussex
County. Highest counts in southwestern area. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
VIRGINIA - Adults still light but increased abruptly; 15 taken
night of August 28, and 23 taken August 29 in Accomack and
Northampton Counties. Growers of fall snap beans, tomatoes, and
other susceptible crops advised to follow 5 to 7-day schedule,
preferably 5 days, during this period and to keep close check on
soybeans and watch for cut pods. (Hofmaster). KENTUCKY - Larvae
averaged less than one per ear of corn in Union County. (Barnett).
NORTH CAROLINA - Early instar larvae very heavy in many late
soybean fields. In 3 of 10 soybean fields along State Highway-11
in Duplin County, 8 larvae per -row foot noted. In Columbus and
Bladen Counties, 2 larvae per row foot seen. (Hunt).
GEORGIA - H. zea light to heavy across peanut belt. Ranged light
to very heavy on soybeans in southern area. (French et al.).
FLORIDA —- Averaged less than 1 late-instar larva per row foot
of soybeans at Newberry, Alachua County. (Strayer). ALABAMA -
Present to some degree in all of 40 soybean fields surveyed in
Mobile, Baldwin, and Escambia Counties. Larvae heavy, 7-12 per
6 row feet and feeding on pods in Baldwin County field. Ranged
1-4 per 10 row feet in many other fields. Moth flights and egg
laying very heavy in these 3 counties. (Kilpatrick et al.).
MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 2 per 10 heads in sorghum grown for ensil-
age in Lowndes and Noxubee Counties. In soybeans, averaged 1 per
3 row feet in Noxubee County. Heavy enough in Several fields in
Coahoma County to cause damage and justify controls. (Robinson).
KANSAS - Percent corn ears damaged by county: Lane 0-20
(2 fields); Trego 20-30 (2 fields); Logan 4-32 (3 fields) ;
Sheridan 8-84 (3 fields); Thomas 4-24 (2 fields); Rawlins 0-20
(2 fields); Pottawatomie 30-95 (3 fields). (Bell).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Heavy in whorls
in some fields of late-planted (preboot) sorghum in Reno, Stafford,
and Rice Counties. Reddening of terminal leaves seen in some
infested fields. (Bell). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Continued problem on
Sweet corn where controls not applied. (Bowman, Aug. 25). MAINE -
Numerous in few cornfields in State. Parasites and fungus disease
reduced most populations. (Gall).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEBRASKA - None seen in 3 grain
sorghum fields checked in Dodge and Burt Counties. Parasitism now
100 percent, occasional mummies still seen on plants. (Berogan).
KANSAS - Surveys negative on sorghum in Butler, Chautauqua, Harvey,
Sumner, Sedgwick, Lane, Ness, Trego, Logan, Sheridan, Rawlins, and
Cheyenne Counties. (Bell). TEXAS - Activity heavy in isolated
field of grain sorghum in Martin County in Trans-—Pecos area. Counts
ranged 2,000-7,000 per plant on individual plants. In most other
areas, activity very light on grain sorghum. (Green). NEW MEXICO -
Light, ranged 2-3 per leaf, on grain sorghum at Roswell, Chaves
County. (Mathews). ARIZONA - Spotty on sorghum plantings in
Cochise County; predators abundant. (Kozloski).
- 597 -
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - VIRGINiA - Adults ranged 0-45 t
per 50 sweeps in peanuts in Prince George 224 Sussex Counties.
Nymphs scarce. (Allen).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - MISSOURI - Popula-
tions in southwest and south-central areas ranged 0-1,500 per 10
sweeps. Yellowing of alfalfa evident in fields recently harvested
and without rain. (Munson).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - NEBRASKA - D. virgifera (western
corn rootworm) and D. longicornis (northern corn rootworm)
ranged 0-12 (averaged 5) per plant in 9 cornfields in Dodge,
Burt, and Thurston Counties. Populations heavier statewide than
in 1971. (Berogan). MICHIGAN - D. virgifera adults collected in
field corn by R. Ling August 22 at Assyria Township, Barry
County; from sweet corn silks August 25 by B. Peters in Kent
County. Determined by R.J. Sauer. Taken on field corn by D. Kaiser
August 25 at Danby Township, Ionia County, determined by R.F.
Ruppel; on field corn August 31 by M. Sutherland at Oneida Town-—
ship, Eaton County, determined by J.H. Newman; on field corn
August 29 by F. Henningsen near Mendon, St. Joseph County,
determined by R.F. Ruppel. These are new county records. D.
virgifera appears widely scattered in southern areas, increasing
problems expected. (Sauer et al.).
NEW HAMPSHIRE - D. longicornis abundant on corn near Claremont,
Sullivan County; 'goosenecking" severe. (Bowman, Aug. 25).
KENTUCKY - Adults of D. longicornis and D. undecimpunctata
howardi (southern corn rootworm) averaged 0.5 per corn ear in
Union County. All surveys for D. virgifera negative to date.
(Barnett). a
RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 2 per 10
heads in sorghum grown for ensilage in Lowndes and Noxubee
Counties. (Robinson).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - MAINE - Infestation
ranged 0-6 percent in corn; heavier infestations rare. Infesta—
tion 75 percent in small field of sweet corn in Orono area,
Penobscot County. (Gall). NEW HAMPSHIRE - First-brood adults
active; little damage to sweet corn observed. (Bowman, Aug. PAS)
NEW YORK -— Second-brood expected to be serious on untreated corn.
Moth flights heavy; late sweet corn should be protected. At
Geneva, Ontario County, 59 moths taken during period August 19-25.
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Adults increased in blacklight
traps, averaged 22 per night for 5 locations in Sussex County.
(Burbutis, Kelsey). NORTH CAROLINA - Lodging occurred in some
fields throughout State. Lodging of more than 5 percent of stalks
rare. Counts of 300+ per 100 plants in 2 Northampton County fields.
(Long, Hunt).
ALABAMA - Larvae 2-10 and pupae 1-3 per stalk in maturing wu. -»
0.5 acre of commercial research plot of corn at Atmore, Escambia
County. Several moths seen in other areas of county. (Knowles et
al.). KANSAS - Third and fourth-instar second-generation larvae
infested 5-20 percent of stalks of early planted corn (hard dough
stage, 3 fields) and 90 percent of stalks in late- planted field
(milk stage) in Pottawatomie County. Percent infested stalks by
= Bus =
county (2-3 fields per county): Trego 16-32; Logan 0-4; Sheridan
8-52; Thomas 0-20; and Cheyenne 0-4. Trego County is a new county
record. Specimens collected and determined by M. Shuman. (Bell).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - ALABAMA - First-instar to
full-grown larvae heavy, damaged young corn, grain sorghum, and
mixed Sudan and Sudex plantings in all fields examined in
Baldwin and Escambia Counties. (Knowles et al.).
SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 10
per 10 heads in sorghum grown for ensilage in Lowndes and Noxubee
Counties. (Robinson).
WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - KANSAS - Third and
mostly fourth-instar larvae still found in some corn in some west-
central and northwest counties. Percent infestation by county:
Logan 0-80; Sheridan 0-8; Thomas 24-48; Rawlins 0-44; and
Cheyenne 0-12. (Bell).
CONCHUELA (Chlorochroa ligata) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on sweet corn
in Rio Arriba County. Damage heavy in one field. (N.M. Coop.
Eupit'. )\..
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - TEXAS - Midge numbers
continued to increase; 10 of 11 counties showed increased
emergence during week ending August 17. (McIntyre).
BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) —- TEXAS -— Moderate to
light on grain sorghum in El Paso and Pecos Valley areas of Trans-
Pecos area. Recent rain and cool night temperatures slowed
activity in area. Light to moderate infestations reported from
most counties on South Plains week ending August 17. Current
infestations spotted in fields with smail colonies found on most
leaves within infested area. (Neeb, McIntyre).
SMALL GRAINS
HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) -—- MONTANA —- Infestation
ranged 1-2 percent in 20,000 acres of wheat, including Durham,
in Plentywood area, Sheridan County. No winter wheat within 60
miles. (Pratt).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate to
heavy in pastures in Amite, Madison, and Scott Counties.
(Robinson).
A SOD WEBWORM (Pediasis mutablilis) - COLORADO —- Adults ranged
5-10 per square yard on grasses in Fort Collins area, Larimer
County. (Thatcher).
CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - NEW HAMPSHIRE -
Completely destroyed some lawns in Durham area, Strafford County.
(Bowman, Aug. 25).
A CHRYSOMELID BEETLE (Galeruca rudis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Collected
from lupine (Lupinus parviflorus) in North Cave Hills, Harding
County, August 6, 1969. Collected and determined by E.U.
Balsbaugh. This is a new State record. (Jones).
- 599 -
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) -— ARIZONA - Counts of 460 ‘
larvae per 100 sweeps taken in alfalfa at Yuma Valley and 800 per
100 sweeps taken at Gila Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
NEW MEXICO - Ranged 15-20 larvae per 25 sweeps in Chaves County
alfalfa. Adult flights heavy. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Adults
unusually heavy on forage crops in Lovelock area, Pershing County.
(Sirsee)) «
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Counts of 920 per
100 sweeps taken in alfalfa at Gila Valley, Yuma County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sui.
WESTERN YELLOWSTRIPED ARMYWORM (Spodoptera praefica) -
WASHINGTON - Heavy in alfalfa in Pasco and Wallula area of
Franklin and Walla Walla Counties. (Halfhill).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OHIO - Population "explosions"
occurred in many east-central area hay fields during recent hot,
humid weather; increases in hay noted Statewide. Counts per
sweep by county: Alfalfa - Guernsey 3.5, Holmes 20, Ashland
3-3.5, Coshocton slightly less than one; mixture of clover and
timothy — Summit 4-6.5, Wayne 4.5, Morrow 1, Stark 2. Except in
few cases, biological control not sufficient. (Fox).
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - KENTUCKY - Average counts per
square foot of alfalfa in Fayette County: August 3, larvae 2.7
and eggs 6.2; August 10, larvae 2.3 and eggs 15.2. (Barnett,
Parr).
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS -
Infestations decreased sharply; less than 1 percent of leaflets
infested in one Hampshire County semimature alfalfa field.
(Jensen).
SOYBEANS
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmaialis) - GEORGIA - Light
to very heavy in south-central area. (Wood et al.). FLORIDA -
Larvae decreased, averaged 2 per row foot of soybeans. Adults
numerous in 35-acre field at Newberry, Alachua County. (Fla.
Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Full-grown larvae light in most soybean
fields examined in Mobile, Baldwin, and Escambia Counties. Heavy
moth flights continued throughout Baldwin County. (Kilpatrick
etcad.)).
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - INDIANA - Larvae non-
economic in most soybean fields in southern districts, averaged
less than one per linear foot. Heavy in some fields, either alone
or in conjunction with blister beetles; some fields treated.
Parasitized specimens rare. (Edwards et al.).
SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) - ALABAMA - This and
Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) infested all of 40 soybean fields
examined in Mobile, Baldwin, and Escambia Counties. Virus disease
eleminated loopers in field near Atmore, Escambia County.
Defoliation by loopers and other leaf feeders ranged 10-20 per-
cent. Some growers started controls. (Kilpatrick et al.).
- 600 -
XICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Of 48
ybean fields checked in Middlesex, Isle of Wight, Prince George,
rry, Sussex, and Southampton Counties, four above economic
reshold and four nearing economic threshold. This pest
creases rapidly and should be checked often this time of year.
{llen et al.). INDIANA - Larvae ranged 16-48 per linear yard in
treated field in Jennings County. Controls applied in this
yunty where no problem occurred since 1969. Early and middle-
istar larvae most common, eggs occasional, pupae rare. (Meyer).
\
\NDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA - Nymphs
id adults light to heavy in all of 30 soybean fields examined in
ildwin and Escambia Counties. Adult emergence general in both
yunties. One large field near Foley, Baldwin County, with
veral thousand adults clustering at tops of plants. Young
mphs ranged 200-500 per leaf on bottom sides of top leaves.
lese are new county records. (Turner et al.).
EANUTS
RN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy in
e and Terrell Counties. (Andrews, Locke). NORTH CAROLINA -
rvae of D. undecimpunctata howardi (southern corn rootworm)
Be. 4-12 under each plant in 12 peanut fields in Northampton
yunty. (Long, Hunt).
fLVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - GEORGIA - Adults
id larvae heavy on peanuts in south-central areas. (Wood et al.).
VOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - NORTH CAROLINA -
mage in Northampton County ranged from spots to one EWereey alin
ze with advanced yellowing and dead leaves. Webbing noticeable
1 smaller spots (500 square feet) with thousands of mites per
>af. Damage occurred on about 20,000 acres in Halifax and
rthampton Counties in 1971, about same expected for 1972.
»Sistance to chemical controls caused problems. (Long).
)TTON
DLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - TEXAS - Punctured squares
anged 20-80 percent in northern Glasscock County. No activity
ported in Martin, Midland, and Upton Counties, Activity in-
reased rapidly in areas below the Caprock south of Lubbock and
o south-central area. Populations ranged 16-24,000 per acre in
alhoun County prior to application of insecticides for diapausing
pevil control. (Green). MISSISSIPPI - Continued problem in hill”
2ction where cotton still green and blooming. One 5-acre field
i Noxubee County had average of 5 weevils per bloom in 20-bloom
yunt. (Robinson). ALABAMA - With much cotton "cutting out" and
‘duction in squares along with continuing "hatchouts", weevils
id percent damaged squares increased to 30-80 percent in many
*ntral and northern area fields. Weevil control especially to
‘otect young bolls, continued throughout most of State. (McQueen).
GORGIA - General migration occurred over southern areas} 0-85
*rcent punctured squares, infestations low where controls
ontinued. In Polk County, punctured squares averaged 9 percent,
igh of 42. (Womack, Stowe). TENNESSEE - Number of squares too
w to make counts. Weevils continue to damage small bolls in
ite cotton. (Locke).
- 601 -
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - TENNESSEE - Cotton not attractive
to H. zea; controls not justified. (Locke). GEORGIA - Heliothis
spp. Oviposition still heavy, much boll damage in many southern
area fields. Infestations predominately Heliothis virescens
(tobacco budworm). (Womack). ALABAMA - Moth flights heavy
throughout State; larval counts increased. Problem in numerous
isolated fields where control schedules variable. (McQueen). Gg
MISSISSIPPI - Infestation by county: Coahoma, numerous in most
sreen cotton; Madison, light to heavy in 2,600 acres; Rankin,
moderate to heavy in few fields; Warren, light to moderate in
500 acres; Bolivar. larvae and egg laying moderate in 500 acres;
Issaquena, egg laying heavy; Quitman, larval infestation ranged
4-6 percent with many eggs in 1,500 acres. (Robinson et al.).
ARKANSAS - H. virescens continued problem in 3 southeast counties
and in upper Arkansas River Valley. In Ashley, Chicot, Desha, and
Pope Counties, H. virescens comprised 58 percent of population; |
much lighter in Lincoln and Woodruff Counties. None found in small —
sample from Lonoke County. (Boyer). TEXAS - H. zea activity ‘4
ranged light to heavy in Trans—Pecos area; light to moderate in
El Paso County. In Reeves and Pecos Counties, eggs ranged 50-150
and larvae 4-12 per 100 terminals; 8-20 percent damaged squares.
Some fields averaged less than 15 eggs per 100 terminals. Moths
plentiful in most fields; laying eggs in upper plant terminals.
Activity light to moderate in Glasscock, Reagan, Upton, Martin,
and Midland Counties. Eggs ranged 3-20 per 100 terminals, larvae
3-6 per 100 plants; damaged squares and small bolls ranged 3-10
percent in most fields. (Neeb). NEW MEXICO - H. zea light in
cotton in Chaves and Dona Ana Counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
CABBAGH LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARKANSAS - Heavy moth flights
and egg deposition of this and Pseudoplusia includens (soybean
looper) continued in many fields. Infestations occurred somewhat
earlier than normal this year. Infestations appear to be more
fieldwide rather than mainly on edges of fields as in past.
(Boyer). ARIZONA - T. ni larvae heaviest on treated cotton at
Safford, Graham County; short staple cotton preferred host.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
2
COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) -— ARIZONA -
Problems occurred in some fields at Yuma, Yuma County. Insecti-
cides changed. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA - Nymphs
and adults ranged light to heavy in maturing cotton field at
Atmore, Escambia County; 10-100 adults clustering at tops of
plants. (Knowles et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Remained threat to
cotton in many areas. Some controls applied. Reports indicate
more widespread in State than in 1971. (Robinson). ARKANSAS -
Infestations increased slightly but generally lighter than in
1971. (Boyer).
TOBACCO
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - KENTUCKY - Adults
averaged 2 per leaf on tobacco at one Fayette County location.
(Barnett).
- 602 -
COLE CROPS
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Larvae ranged 5-15
per lettuce plant at Kansas Settlement, Cochise County. (Ariz.
Coops, our.)
GENERAL VEGETABLES
SWEETPOTATO LEAF BEETLE (Typophorus nigritus viridicyaneus) -
FLORIDA - Larvae ranged 1-25 per sweetpotato plant in field at
Milton, Santa Rosa County. This species rarely reported from
State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
larvae trace in 5 acres of Kikuyu grass at Kapahi, Kauai,
compared with 23 per square foot 3 weeks ago. About 10 percent of
larvae collected were parasitized by Eucelatoria armigera (a
tachina fly). On Maui, larvae heavy in small Kikuyu grass pasture
at Kaupakuloa; averaged 10.5 per square foot. Many larvae
collected parasitized by Trathala flavo-orbitalis (an ichneumon
Psp Reesucawa. AhySam)', (Gaal. fun lwhves le
General Vegetables - TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella)
larvae heavy in 2 acres of tomato at Wailua, Kauai. About 50 per-
ecent of terminal shoots and young leaves heavily damaged; 15 per-
cent of fruits light to moderately damaged. This pest apparently
unaffected by repeated applications of recommended insecticides.
(Sugawa).
Fruits and Nuts - Eggs and larvae of a SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLY
(Papilio xuthus) moderate on various backyard citrus trees from
Kapaa to Anahola, Kauai. This pest now common over most of island
from Kekaha to Anahola. On Oahu, 5 of 22 eggs collected from
young citrus terminals at Moanalua, Ewa Beach, and Ewa Plantation
parasitized by Trichogramma sp. (Sugawa, Kumashiro, Otsuka). Larvae
of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) light in 200-acre passion
fruit farm at Kahului, Maui. Infestations only at trace levels in
this farm in previous years. (Miyahira).
Forest and Shade Trees - Larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis
indomita) moderate to heavy under bark of 15 kiawe trees in Pearl
City, Oahu; 580 larvae collected in 2 man-hours. (Otsuka,
Kumashiro).
Beneficial Insects - Nymphs and adults of a THRIPS (Liothrips
urichi) moderate, 10-20 per foot-long terminal of Clidemia hirta,
at Palolo and Waiahole Forest Reserves, Oahu. (Kashiwai, Otsuka).
Larvae and adults of a GALL FLY (Procecidochares utilis) heavy on
Maui pamakani (Eupatorium glandulosum) along roadsides at Haleakala,
elevation 6,000 feet,and Ulupalakua, elevation 2,000 feet, on
Maui. (Miyahira et al.).
- 603 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
CODLING MOTH (Laspeyresia pomonella) - WASHINGTON - In Yakima area
of Yakima County, problems increased due to delayed timing of con-
trol applications. Controls satisfactory where applications well
timed and effective materials used. (Gregorich).
APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Adults laying
eggs; controls applied. (Bowman, Aug. 25).
SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - WASHINGTON - Craw-
lers general on apples despite dormant spray and 2 applications
against crawlers in Yakima area, Yakima County. (Gregorich).
BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Heavy on
pecan trees in Nueces Canyon area of Edwards County. Light in
Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Neeb, Green).
CITRUS
PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - *LORIDA - This species and
Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red scale) severely infested all
650 Meyer lemon plants at nursery in Baker County. (Fla, Coop.
Sur.).
ORNAMENTALS
A GEOMETRID MOTH (Coryphista meadii) - NEVADA - Larval infesta-
tions caused heavy damage to barberry in Reno and Sparks, Washoe
County. (Bechtel).
A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults heavy on
one Pieris japonica plant at Lake Ariel, Wayne County. Determined
by E.E. Simons. This is a new county record. (Andreychik,
August 15).
EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MICHIGAN - Several
adults collected near residence in Benzonia, Beulah County. by
N. Sleeper. Determined by I.J. Cantrall. This is a new county
record, (Sauer).
A SPIDER MITE (Eurytetranychus buxi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults
collected on Buxus sp. in Harrisburg, Dauphin County, July 26 by R.
Hill. Determined by R. Lehman. This is a new State record. (Hill).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Two
localized infestations seen on pine trees in Mobile and Conecuh
Counties. Infestations followed lightning damage to one tree in
Mobile County and trees along U.S. Highway I-65 near Evergreen,
Conecuh County, following logging operation. (Kilpatrick et al.).
BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ALABAMA -
Infested numerous pine trees on lawns and in timberland following
damage by lightning, construction equipment, and other damage in
Mobile and Baldwin Counties. (Kilpatrick, Turner).
- 604 -
PINE BUTTERFLY (Neophasia menapia) - OREGON - Adults uncommon
throughout most of area in portions of Deschutes, Klamath, Lake,
and Marion Counties. None seen along west slope below Santiam
Pass, Marion County, where numerous past few years. (Westcott).
EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae
collected from Pinus ponderosa 3.5 miles west of Lemmon, Perkins
County, June 6 by M.E. McKnight and A.D. Tagestad, and 3.5 miles
north of Olsonville, Todd County, June 16 by M.E. McKnight and
June 23 by J.D. Stein. Determined by J.D. Stein. These are new
‘county records. (McKnight).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - VIRGINIA - Moderate to heavy
in Mathews and Gloucester Counties, and moderate in Surry, Sussex,
and Isle of Wight Counties on sourwood, persimmons, and pecans.
(Allen, May). NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy on cottonwood, apple,
and other shade trees. Many trees almost completely defoliated.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
AMERICAN DAGGER MOTH (Acronicta americana) - NEVADA - Larval in-
festations caused heavy damage to boxelder in Reno and Sparks,
Washoe County. (Hilbig et al.).
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - ARKANSAS - Chinese elms in
all areas, eSpecially in northwest, show effects of heavy feed-
‘ing. Practically all leaves brown. Infestations of this type for
several consecutive years may result in loss of some trees.
(Boyer).
SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CAL-
IFORNIA - Infested Chinese elm trees at rate of 95 per limb at
Poway, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
MAN AND ANIMALS
-SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,936 confirmed
eases reported in continental U.S. during period August 20-26
-as follows: Texas 4,700; New Mexico 63; Arizona 109; Oklahoma
64, Total of 593 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of sterile
flies released in U.S. this period totaled 179,468,000 as follows:
Texas 155,378,000; New Mexico 4,910,000; Arizona 16,360,000;
California 600,000; Oklahoma 2,080,000; Arkansas 140,000. Total
of 24,780,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - OHIO - Heaviest in Coshocton and
‘Tuscarawas Counties. Up to 40+ per face on Guernsey cattle, and
up to 50+ per face on Herefords. Caused extreme annoyance to these
animals, tearing and streaking common. (Fox). KENTUCKY - Ranged
10-15 per animal on cattle in Union County. Incidence of pinkeye
‘higher than in past years. (Brown, Barnett). GEORGIA - Annoyed
‘beef cattle in Meriwether County. This is a new county record and
the southernmost occurrence in State to date. (Willis et al.).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OHIO - Up to 200-500 per side on
beef cattle in Tuscarawas and Carroll Counties. (Box). MISSISSIPPI -
Moderate to heavy in 6 herds in Warren County; light to moderate
on 200 cattle in Amite County; 150+ per head on 100 Hereford
cattle in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson). TEXAS - Increased on
cattle across Trans-Pecos area; ranged 100-500 per animal. In-
creased throughout Panhandle. Decreased on cattle in south
central area. (Neeb et al.).
- 605 -
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Heavy in southern ~
counties. Annoyance to dairy cattle severe in Columbia County,
light in Chippewa County. Annoyance to man heaviest in recent
years in southern counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MOSQUITOES - RHODE ISLAND - Biting by Culex pipien pipiens heavy
in Washington County. (Field). KENTUCKY - Mosquitoes increased
along Ohio River; controls applied. (Barnett). MINNESOTA - Light
trap catches of mosquitoes showed substantial decrease from pre-
ceding period, nuisance levels also decreased. Egg diapause
beginning with shorter days. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Mosquitoes
annoying in Several Box Elder County communities from Perry through)
Fielding and at Locomotive Springs. Continued annoying in Allen
Canyon and Randolph Meadows areas in Rich County. (Knowlton).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
A LADY BEETLE (Stethorus picipes) - WASHINGTON - Increased gen-
erally on apples in Yakima area of Yakima County where Tetranychus
mcDanieli (McDaniel spider mite) present. (Gregorich). |
BRACONIDS (Aphidius spp.) - WASHINGTON - Very abundant in alfalfa
infested with Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) in Royal Slope area
of Grant County in Columbia Basin and in Pasco and Wallula area
of Franklin and Walla Walla Counties. (Halfhill).
LACEWINGS (Chrysopa spp.) - WASHINGTON - C. californica and
Chrysopa spp. abundant in fruit orchards around Wenatchee, Chelan
County. (Anthon).
PHYTOSEIID MITES - WASHINGTON - Zetzellia mali and Metaseiulus
occidentalis increased generally where Tetranychus mcdanieli
(McDaniel spider mite) infested apples in Yakima area, Yakima
County. (Gregorich).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS |
COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Infested
area enlarged to 71 city blocks in Delano, Kern County. All but
one property occurs east of U.S. Highway 99. Mulberry only host
recorded. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Populations increased, due mostly to
heavier numbers of adults and to larger nymphs. Counts heaviest
in southern Grant, southeastern Rock, and southwestern Walworth
Counties. Mostly Melanoplus femurrubrum and concentrated in fence
rows, along roadsides, on road surfaces, and in older or recently
cut alfalfa fields. Ranged 15-45+ per square yard; feeding on
crops minimal. Damage to soybeans and corn expected to increase.
M. differentialis mostly adults in these areas; some Severe damage
to corn and related crops in few areas in western Dane County.
About 2 per plant noted throughout field of field corn in Rock
County; field of sweet corn in northern part of county treated.
Grasshoppers heavy enough in field of dent corn in southern
Grant County that marginal 5 rows brown. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). SOUTH
DAKOTA - M, bivittatus (40 percent), M. differentialis (40 per-
cent), and M. femurrubrum (20 percent) infested 80-acre alfalfa
field near Sturgis, Meade County. Counts ranged 8-10 per square
- 606 -
yard in one-half of field, 15-20 per square yard in remainder.
Controls applied. (Jones). NEBRASKA - Melanoplus spp. damaged
porder rows of corn, grain sorghum, and soybeans in Dodge, Burt,
and Thurston Counties. Defoliated up to 80 percent of outer 4-6
rows in some cornfields. Ranged up to 20 per square yard in waste
areas and roadside ditches. (Berogan). KANSAS - M. differentialis
adults caused some foliar damage to some pines grown for Christmas
trees in nursery in Pottawatomie County. (Bell). NEW MEXICO -
Moderate in grain sorghum in Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - Active in
many areas of Washington and Providence Counties. (King, Field).
‘INDIANA - Adults trapped at several locations July 27 in Green
and July 31 in Dubois Counties by R. Chandler. Determined by
J.M. Kingsolver. These are first specimens taken in these counties
‘land are to be considered as interceptions until evidence of infes-
‘tation is found. (PP). IOWA - Adult trapped near Waterloo airport,
‘Black Hawk County, by R. Larson July 28. Adult trapped near West
Branch, Cedar County, by D.B. Showman August 3. Determined by
'J.L. Kingsolver. Black Hawk County collection is first time this
pest trapped in State, and both are considered to be interceptions
until evidence of infestation is found. (PP). MINNESOTA - Two
beetles taken in 2 traps August 24 by S. Lentz; traps located in
2 railroad switching yards about 4 miles apart in Minneapolis,
‘Hennepin County. Determined by J.M. Kingsolver. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
‘These will be considered as regulatory incidents until evidence :
‘of infestation is found. (PP).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infested bolls
ranged 5-25 percent across El Paso County; ranged 8-50 percent in
Pecos and Reeves Counties, with few isolated fields having 65-80
percent infested bolls. Infested bolls ranged 3-8 percent in
Glasscock, Midland, and Martin Counties. Moths taken in hexalure
‘traps in Upton County ranged 15-51 per trap. (Neeb). NEW MEXICO -
‘Generally light in cotton in southern Dona Ana County. (Hare).
‘ARIZONA - Average boll infestations 6-8 percent in Yuma County
‘cotton fields. Increased in Safford area with many more fields
placed on spray schedule in Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sum.)
CALIFORNIA - Single nonsterile moth taken in trap in Old River
‘and one in Mettler Station, Kern County. This brings season's
‘total to 7 nonsterile moth collections. Sterile drops continued
iat increased rate. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisinia brillians) - CALIFORNIA-
Additional properties and blocks added to infestation in San Jose,
Santa Clara County; now involves 121 city blocks. Previous infes-
tations under treatment or survey in El Dorado, Yolo, Placer,
Sacramento, Siskiyou, and Fresno Counties remain negative. (Cal.
iCoop. Rpt.).
WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
G. leucoloma striatus collected from aster in parking area of
restaur2nt in Barnwell, Barnwell County, August 3 by P.W. Langford.
LOUISIANA - G. leucoloma fecundus coliected from goldenrod on
‘railroad property at Joyce, Winn Parish, August 8 by L.L. Sandoz.
Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by R.E. Warner. These are new
county and new parish records. (PP).
- 607 -
TRAP COLLECTIONS
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LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
OREGON (County)
Lane 8/25-30
Marion 8/24-30
Multonomah 8/24-30
PENNSYLVANIA (District)
Central 8/22-30
Southeast 8/22-30
Southwest 8/22-30
SOUTH DAKOTA (County)
Brookings 8/22-25
TENNESSEE (County)
Dyer 8/25-9/1
Franklin 8/25-9/1
Madison 8/25-9/1
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TEXAS
Waco 8/31
Holland 8/23-25
Montgomery 8/24-30
Warsaw 8/23-29
VIRGINIA
Hartford 8/22-28
Lancaster 8/21-27
Mazomanie 8/23-29
WISCONSIN
DETECTION
i - TH
New State Records - A CHRYSOMELID BEETLE (Galeruca rudis) SOU
DAKOTA — Harding County. (p. 599). A SPIDER MITE (Eurytetranychus
buxis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Dauphin County. (p. 604).
New County and Parish Records - BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes
abutilonea) ALABAMA - Baldwin, Escambia (p. 601). EUROPEAN CORN
BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) KANSAS - Trego (pp. 598-599).
EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) MICHIGAN - Beulah (p. 604).
EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) SOUTH DAKOTA - Perkins,
Todd (p. 605). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) GEORGIA -— Meriwether
(p. 605). A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) PENNSYLVANIA —- Wayne
(p. 604). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) MICHIGAN —
Barry, Kent, Ionia, Eaton, St. Joseph (p. 598). WHITEFRINGED
BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) SOUTH CAROLINA - Barnwell.
LOUISIANA — Winn (p. 607).
Weather of the week continued from page 596.
Plains. As the weekend approached, thunderstorms were widespread
from the upper Great Lakes to the southern Great Plains. Also,
a tropical depression was shaping up off the Carolina coast and
a low was forming in the eastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. A
cold front pushed into the northern Great Plains as the weekend
approached. The leading edge of cold air set off showers and
thunderstorms. Light rains, 2 to 4 inches in 24 hours, fell in
east-central Kansas Friday and Saturday causing substantial
flooding along Gypsum Creek and Turkey Creek and tributaries of
the lower Smoky Hole River. Flooding also occurred in south-central
New Mexico due to heavy showers in that area. Meanwhile, tropical
storm Carrie was dumping heavy rainfall in eastern Massachusetts —--
8 inches southwest of Hyannis Port and over 5 inches at Chatham
in 6 hours. Weekly totals at spots in Massachusetts exceeded 10
inches.
TEMPERATURES: High pressure extending from California to the |
Appalachians and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico early
in the week brought comfortable temperatures and lower relative
humidity to much of the Nation. Onshore breezes cooled the Pacific
Northwest. Lewiston, Idaho, registered 102 degrees Monday but no
higher than 84 degrees Wednesday. Hot, muffy air still covered
the South and East. At midweek, a cold front pushed from Canada
across the Great Lakes region. It brought cooler, drier air to
the Northeast but oppressive summer heat continued in the South.
Pleasant weather followed the frontal passage as it moved south-
ward and eastward. Another front pushed into the northern Great
Plains as the weekend approached. Temperatures fell into the 30's
in northern Minnesota and below freezing in the central Rockies.
Afternoon temperatures in the 60'S were common Thursday and
Friday over the northern Great Plains after the frontal passage.
Cool air spread southward and eastward bringing a touch of autumn
to much of the Nation. Elkins, West Virginia, recorded 54 degrees
Sunday morning. This is 12 degrees below normal. Parts of the
central Great Plains averaged 5 to 11 degrees cooler than normal.
- 610 -
7 (9 rey
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
KYA 2
YATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
0004 SMINLISMIA1L22 are
SMITHSONIAN NST
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INS
WASHINGTON pc 20560
il. 22 No. 3] September 15, 1972
tee ae
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Y «, (
i Wi
it
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 September 15, 1972 Number 37
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
First CORN EARWORM moths of season taken in southeastern Lower
Michigan and in Willamette Valley of Oregon. (p. 613).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID ranged light to heavy on alfalfa in
Arkansas Valley of Colorado. (p. 614).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER ranged light to heavy on dryland peanuts
in central Texas, some damage reported in Alabama. (p. 617).
BOLL WEEVIL moderate to heavy in most cotton in Rolling Plains
of Texas. (p. 618).
GREEN PEACH APHID heavy on potatoes in northwest Oregon and in
central Wisconsin. (pp. 619-620).
PECAN WEEVIL and PECAN NUT CASEBEARER damaged pecans in north-
central and central Texas. (p. 621).
FACE FLY in Maryland and Wisconsin and STABLE FLY in Wisconsin
annoyed dairy cattle. (pp. 622-623).
Detection
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER reported for first time in Maine.
(p. 616).
For new county records see page 620.
Special Reports
Khapra Beetle. Additional Selected References 1967-1969.
(pp. 628-630).
The name of the Economic Insect Survey and Detection Staff
@ has been changed to the Pest Survey and Technical Support
Staff effective September 3. This name change is reflected
on the inside of the front cover.
Reports in this issue are for week ending September 8 unless
otherwise indicated.
- 611 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance oe 27 oc oe ciel vee eesti .613
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....614 Miscellaneous Field Crops.619
SHV (Greets sod db aa olbocc --615 Potatoes, Tomatoes,
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...615 PEP DET Sisi'sji<i(oqeuceen snap eed eene 619
Ores ILEUS 5666 o0000o 0000 616° ‘Cole Crops. Hi. see ae ierere .620
SKOWIOXSEMS codguaooaacc0ogbedoon 617 General Vegetables........ 620
PO BMUES aie ener ors ers iene suele rete ene 617 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.621
(GrovlGi oy Msesrcnicnnec, Heteckce cea Lokc TheciC 618 Ornamentals 3-2 oe cceeneererees 621
TODA CC Op iiss Groen ts Siero fees vouene eile 619 Forest and Shade Trees....621
Susan Beet Greys ccicle 4 senosematemerels 619 Man and Animals..... eo os Oe
Stored Products......... 2 O23
DeETe SELON 8 5% se ww eis eralleue Sa tec eB foes ole ate eveinseemo Lone lepeldeneleite sie Mee meme Menem - 620
COF TES CUEAONMS we isis ccs atese aan ay ar enene senerenelia we veiliesioutets? eier el Succ oh Ss sete ne RC Rememe (re cate ane 620
Benefa cia Wo ANSSGtES oe Ac aale slo yone) auelousi ee oe locus cis. <temelleveies cme ceuene nea memes 623
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs.............. oe a OLS
Hawai: “InSeCGtsReport oo OS cc ere woe wre eee eet bile eats tela to ela tenet ame mene Bera
Laight: Drape Comlee tons ae eyeye clisueeye opiiieasia = fe tee) helicase tate - 626
Khapra Beetle. Additional Selected References 1967-1969...... -628
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 11
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Cold fronts pushing across the eastern two-
thirds of the Nation accounted for most of the precipitation last
week. Showers and thunderstorms, some heavy, occurred from the
southeastern Great Plains to the middle and southern Atlantic
coast Monday afternoon September 4. Lighter more scattered showers
fell west of the Rocky Mountains and from Minnesota to Upper
Michigan. A storm centered over the Dakotas produced windy weather
over the Dakotas and western Nebraska. Light to heavy showers fell
in the Texas Panhandle, northeastern Kansas, nearby parts of
Nebraska, Iowa, and Missouri. Heavy rains fell in Illinois and
Indiana Thursday and early Friday. Weekend rains were mostly
associated with a cold front that stretched from Texas to New
England. Some heavy thundershowers fell over the central Great
Plains and the middle Mississippi River Valley. Weekly totals
ranged widely within short distances; some places from none to 2
inches or more within 20 miles. Some of the heaviest rains fell in
western Iowa east of Council Bluffs.
TEMPERATURE: Cold fronts moving southward from Canada into the
northern Great Plains then continuing to the Gulf of Mexico brought:
cool, pleasant weather to central and eastern portions of the
Nation. Minimum temperatures in the 30's and 40'S were common over
the northern Great Plains. The mercury dropped to freezing or lower "
in the higher Rocky Mountains. Big Piney, Wyoming, registered 25
degrees Thursday morning. Moist, tropical air pushed northward
from the Gulf of Mexico. Early morning temperatures along the gulf
coast were generally in the 70's and afternoon readings reached
the 90's. Weather of the week continued on page 625.
- 612 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Adults continued to
increase in blacklight traps in Sussex County; averaged 19 per
night for 5 locations. (Burbutis, Kelsey). MARYLAND - Larvae
caused light to moderate damage in unsprayed tomato plantings in
Wicomico and Somerset Counties week ending September 1. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Larvae remained very light across soybean
belt. (Allen, Egan). NORTH CAROLINA - Most larvae in late instars
in 10 soybean fields checked in Robeson and Cumberland Counties.
Damaged pods showed pupation occurred in most fields. (Hunt).
SOUTH CAROLINA - Larvae heavy on soybeans Statewide. Damage
economic in areas where no controls applied. (Thomas). ALABAMA -
Averaged one larva per 2 row feet in large soybean field at Roba,
Macon County; feeding on pods. Controls being considered due to
large numbers of H. zea, Plathypena scabra (green cloverworm) ,
Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar), loopers, and other
leaf feeders infesting soybeans. (Brown et al.).
MISSISSIPPI - H. zea averaged 1 per 3 row feet in 1,500 acres and
1.25 per row foot in 2,000 acres of soybeans in Quitman County.
(Thompson). Larvae ranged up to 2 per head in late-planted grain
sorghum in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson). TEXAS - On peanuts,
populations as leaf feeders generally increased rapidly in all
areas; estimated at about 70,000 per acre at DeLeon, Comanche
County. Populations at Tarleton Experiment Station averaged 8
larvae per row foot. Virus activity increased. (Hoelscher).
ARKANSAS - Survey of 26 soybean fields in southeast and east-—
central areas negative in 16 fields. Highest count in 10 infested
fields slightly less than one larva per row foot. Infestations
declined slightly; any possible general threat believed over this
year. Some economic infestations can occur in very late-planted
soybeans which should still be watched. (Boyer).
MICHIGAN - First H. zea moths of season taken in blacklight traps
in Lenawee and Monroe Counties September 1. This is 14 days later
than usual. (Sauer). NORTH DAKOTA - Light on sweet corn in Cass
County week ending September 1. (Frye). CALIFORNIA - Infested corn
generally in Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - First moths
of season taken in blacklight traps in Willamette Valley August 31
through September 6. Counts very low. (See light trap collections
page 626). (Penrose).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 50-
2,000 per plant on late sorghum in Caddo County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.,
Sept. 1). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on milo plantings at Lodi, San
Joaquin County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Still heavy in some
late sorghum in Washita and Caddo Counties. Parasitism light to
moderate. (Okla. Coop. Sur., Sept. 1). NEBRASKA - Populations in
grain sorghum in Lincoln County beginning to increase but still at
low level. In scattered fields near North Platte, up to 20 per-
cent of plants infested with 2-3 small colonies. Little parasitism
seen. (Campbell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Very heavy on early planted winter
wheat in central and southern Lyman County and in northern and
central Tripp County. Ranged 2-7 winged forms and 10-70 nymphs on
seedlings in 2-leaf stage. Infestation 100 percent in all fields
surveyed. Heavy damage expected unless immediate controls applied.
(Jones, Kantack).
- 613 -
POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy and wide-
spread in peanuts in Caddo and Washita Counties past 3 weeks.
Caused yellowing of leaves, some fields treated.
INDIANA -— Adults noneconomic in central district alfalfa.
(Meyer). OHIO - Beginning to
Sur ie
Most alfalfa 11-18 inches tall.
decline statewide with cooler weather.
(Okla. Coop.
Counts of 1-1.5 per sweep
still found in alfalfa in Clinton, Madison, and Pickaway Counties.
Noneconomic in hay in Meigs,
Counties.
Fayette, Washington, :
(Fox). MARYLAND - Adults ranged 30-350 per 10 sweeps in
Scioto, and Pike
alfalfa in Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford
Counties. Damage remained light to moderate with 10 percent
yellowing in most fields.
Populations in 200 acres of late snap
and lima bean plantings in Frederick and Carroll Counties below
economic levels.
(U. Md., Ent. Dept., Sept.
ye
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - COLORADO - Found
in all alfalfa checked in Arkansas Valley;
greatly reduced in
Prowers County, ranged light to heavy in several fields in
Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, and Bent Counties. Ranged 0-3,000 per
100 sweeps.
(Schweissing). ARKANSAS - Survey negative past 14
days in northwest area. Buildup usually occurs this time of year
when rainfall is low, as has been situation past several weeks,
(Boyer).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - MONTANA - D. longicornis
(northern corn rootworm) adults ranged 1-2 per corn plant in
Prairie County.
(Pratt). NORTH DAKOTA - D. virgifera (western
corn rootworm) adults averaged 26 (ranged 5-70) per 100 corn
plants in Richland County fields and 20 per plant in one Dickey
(Kaatz, August 25). WISCONSIN -
County field. No lodging seen.
Corn Rootworm Population in Wisconsin
Average
per plant
[ ras 0-0.1
Witte. 1..1-2
Gl 2 .1-5
- 614 -
Diabrotica spp. 1972 adult
survey Showed large decrease
compared to 1971 population;
adults averaged 10,334 per
acre in 1972 compared to
25,647 per acre in 1971.
D. virgifera declined more
than D. longicornis. In
fields surveyed, D. longi-
cornis comprised 54 percent
of population, D. virgifera
about 45 percent, and D.
undecimpunctata howardi
(southern corn rootworm)
less than 0.5 percent.
Despite decline, D. virgifera
comprised 50+ percent o
population in Grant,
Lafayette, Green, Rock, Craw-
ford, Richland, Dane, Vernon,
and Monroe Counties in
southern area and in Pepin,
Dunn, Pierce, and Polk
Counties in northwest area.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.).
MICHIGAN - D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) adults collected
in field corn in Eagle Township, Clinton County, September 1 and
in 2 cornfields in Moorland Township, Muskegon County, September
7 by D. Kaiser. Determined by R.J. Sauer. These are new county
records. D. virgifera and D. longicornis (northern corn rootworm)
adult counts decreasing; those still in corn deep in silk canal
feeding on soft kernels at tips of ears. (Ruppel). MARYLAND - D.
longicornis (northern corn rootworm) adults in Frederick, Carroll,
and Baltimore Counties caused 10-30 percent desilking, mostly
after pollination; grain losses will be light. Adults along
edges of cornfields in alfalfa and weeds ranged 2-10 per sweep.
Light injury due to adult feeding seen in other areas of State.
fu. Nds Ent. Dept.., Sept. 1).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MARYLAND - Third and
fourth instar larvae found in 10 percent of 800 acres of late-
planted corn in Frederick County. Damage below economic thres-
holds. (U. Md., Ent. Dept. Sept. 1). SOUTH CAROLINA - Egg masses
averaged one per plant in all areas where sweet corn planted.
(Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Built up, with 50-60 percent of late sorghum
plants infested in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Adults
averaged 15 per night in blacklight traps at 5 locations in
Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). KANSAS - Heavy in Sheridan
County cornfield; large percentage of ear shanks infested, some
ear drop evident. Second-generation moth flight light in Miami
County field. (Bell).
SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) — MISSISSIPPI - Larvae ranged
up to 10 per head in experimental sorghum in Oktibbeha County,
ranged 1-5 per head in sorghum grown for ensilage in Noxubee
County. Infested 25 percent of heads in Chickasaw County sorghum
field. (Betterton).
BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - COLORADO - Still found
in corn in all areas of Arkansas Valley but counts declined.
(Schweissing). TEXAS - Widespread on grain sorghum in Knox
County. (Boring).
SMALL GRAINS
HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - KANSAS - Loss to 1972 wheat
crop estimated at 570,240 bushels valued at $889,512. Much less
than 1971 loss of 3,031,000 bushels valued at $3,970,650.
Infestations in 1972 heaviest in northeast district, lightest in
southwest district. (Bell).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infested
Coastal Bermuda grass in several central counties. (Thomas).
MISSISSIPPI - Continued heavy in temporary pasture and Coastal
Bermuda grass hay in Rankin County. (Barker). TEXAS - Light to
moderate on lawns and grasses in Wilbarger County. (Boring).
BLUEGRASS BILLBUG (Sphenophorus parvulus) - NEBRASKA - One blue-
grass sod field near Omaha, Douglas County, with 86 adults and 3
larvae in 5 square feet noted. (Kindler).
- 615 -
WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliated
creosote bushes in southern Dona Ana and Otero Counties. (N.M.
Coop’... Rpt.)
FORAGE LEGUMES
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OHIO - Varied from less than
one to 3.5 per Sweep in hay in southeast and south-central
districts. Parasites and diseases not yet exerting control.
Damsel bugs increased from 1-10 per 50 sweeps in early August
to about one per sweep currently. (Fox). INDIANA - Maximum count
2 per sweep in alfalfa sampled in central districts. (Meyer).
WISCONSIN - Increased gradually in alfalfa; counts per sweep
ranged 6-12 in southwest counties, 8-10 in central area. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). COLORADO - Ranged 0-1,500 per 100 sweeps in Arkansas
Valley alfalfa. (Schweissing).
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - IDAHO - Adults heavy,
averaged 30 per square yard in alfalfa fields at Bruneau, Owyhee
County. Some treated fields reinfested. (Homan, Aug. 31). -NEW
MEXICO - Adult flights generally light in Dona Ana County alfalfa,
6-8 per 25 sweeps. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - INDIANA - Larvae averaged
6 per 25 sweeps in central district alfalfa. Only occasional
larva parasitized. (Meyer).
GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bractatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults
caused moderate to heavy damage on forage legumes in areas
throughout 4 fields in Northampton County and in 2 fields in
Bucks County. (Valley, Wheeler).
MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - KENTUCKY - Increased
in alfalfa in northern areas. Adults averaged 136 per 100 sweeps
in Mason County. (Barnett).
THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - MISSOURI -
Ranged 0-41 per 10 sweeps in southeast area alfalfa; girdled
plants ranged 0-6 percent. Discoloration easily seen in heavily
infested fields. (Munson).
BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - KENTUCKY - Although decreasing,
5,
ee
a eS ee ee we
eS
populations still moderate to heavy in alfalfa and on other hosts
in Pendleton, Owen, Mason, and Grant Counties. (Barnett).
ARKANSAS - E. pennsylvanica (black blister beetle) and E.
fabricii (ashgray blister beetle) ranged 100-150 per 100 sweeps ~
in alfalfa on experiment station in Washington County. E.
pennsylvanica outnumbered E. fabricii about 3 to 1. One plot of
breeding material grown for seed to be treated. (Boyer).
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MAINE - Adults
collected from alfalfa at Buxton, York County, by D.W. Skinner
July 28. This is a new State record. Also collected from alfalfa
in Androscoggin, Cumberland, Franklin, Kennebec, Knox, Lincoln,
Oxford, Somerset, and Waldo Counties. These are new county
records. All determinations by G.C. Steyskal. (Gall).
A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Cecidomyia texana) - TEXAS - Heavy on guar
in Hardeman County. Large numbers of beneficial species present.
(Boring).
- 616 -
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND —- Non-
economic in most fields in Talbot, Queen Annes, Dorchester,
Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester Counties; egg masses ranged
1-2 and larvae 1-20 per 50 row feet, with newly emerged adults
laying eggs week ending September 1. Several currently heavy
| infestations needed controls in Somerset County. Populations and
damage well below 1971 heavy levels. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - Buildup continued in Coastal Plain area, but most
infestations stilI below economic levels. (Allen, Egan).
KENTUCKY -—- Larvae averaged 52 per 360 row feet in Henderson
County. (Barnett, Raney).
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) —- MISSISSIPPI - Damaged
some pods in late maturing soybeans in Oktibbeha County.
(Robinson).
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MARYLAND - Remained below
economic levels. Ranged 2-3 per 3 row feet in heaviest infested
fields in Worcester and Wicomico Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 66 per 360 row feet in Henderson
County and 23 per 360 row feet in Hickman County. (Barnett,
Raney). INDIANA - Larvae present in most fields in central
districts south of Indianapolis, but noneconomic. (Meyer).
ARKANSAS - Building up on soybeans across State. (Thomas).
SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) - LOUISIANA —- Defoliation
ranged 50-80 percent on 100+ acres of soybeans in Franklin Parish,
September 5. Economic at 40 percent defoliation. (Coburn,
St. Cloud).
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in spots
in 2,000 acres of Soybeans in Quitman County. (Thompson).
STINK BUGS - LOUISIANA - Mixed nymphal and adult populations of
Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug) and Acrosternum hilare
(green stink bug) ranged 1-7 per 3 row feet on 15 acres of soy-
beans for oil in Grant Parish. Economic at 1 per 3 row feet.
Controls to be applied. (Coburn, St. Cloud). KENTUCKY - A. hilare
averaged 21 per 360 row feet in Hickman County and 13 per 360 row
feet in Henderson County. (Barnett, Raney).
PEANUTS
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS -
Moderate to heavy in dryland peanuts in many fields, especially
in sandy soil. Fields in DeLeon area, Comanche County, showed 30
percent infestation with heavy damage. Field reports from Gorman
area, Eastland County, showed dryland peanut infestations of
15, 25, 40, and 42 percent. Larval population heavy even where
soil moisture adequate. Irrigated peanuts pegging rapidly in
Comanche, Eastland, and Erath Counties. (Hoelscher). ALABAMA -
Larvae of E. lignosellus and Graphognathus spp. (whitefringed
beetles) destroyed 90 percent of expected yield in 10-acre field
at Cottonwood, Houston County. Adults of both pests also present.
E. lignosellus destroyed 10 acres in field 3 miles north of Ash-
ford. Damage continued most severe in several years in several
acres in Geneva County. (Stephenson et al.).
- 617 -
REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Present
in 75-80 percent of terminals in most fields checked in Caddo and
Washita Counties; averaged 30 percent in Payne County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - TEXAS - Heavy,
increased rapidly in two peanut fields in Hill County; killing
plants. Controls to be applied. Scattered infestations seen in
dryland fields near DeLeon, Comanche County. Populations not
increasing rapidly, controls not needed in area. (Hoelscher).
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Percent puncture
squares ranged 0-22 in irrigated cotton in Jackson, Greer, Harmon,
and Kiowa Counties. Heavy in some scattered dryland fields.
Moderate and building up in Comanche County. Ranged 40-50 percent
in treated fields in Caddo and Washita Counties, 1-20 percent in
Wagoner County, 1-37 percent in Muskogee County, 1-30 percent in
Bryan County, 6-8 percent in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TEXAS - Ranged moderate to heavy in most cotton fields in Rolling
Plains counties near Vernon. Square damage in many fields in
area ranged 42-95 percent. Populations ranged 4,000-14,000
weevils per acre in fields of Stonewall, Foard, Fisher, Jones,
Cottle, Knox, Young, Hardeman, Tom Green, Runnels, Schleicher,
Concho, Kent, and Haskell Counties. (Boring). GEORGIA - Of 800
fields surveyed in Burke County, present in 90 percent and in 50
percent of 800 fields in Dooly County. Percent punctured squares
by county: Burke, up to 35 (average 5); Dooly, up to 13 (average
3). Some fields harvested, remainder "cutting out" or in late
stages of development. (Barry) .
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Adult H. zea
catches and egg counts increased across mid-State area and fall
line. Eggs ranged 40-70 per 100 terminals in mid-State, counts
low in upper part of State. (Sparks). GEORGIA - H. zea counts per
100 plants by county: Burke, up to 30 eggs (average 7) and 23
larvae (average 4); Dooly, up to 60 eggs (average 6) and 10
larvae. (Barry). MISSISSIPPI - Mixed population of Heliothis
spp., Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), and S. exigua (beet
armyworm) found in late-planted field in Holmes County; about 20
percent of white blooms infested. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - Percent
H. zea damaged squares ranged O-11 in Jackson, Greer, Harmon,
and Kiowa Counties; 1-12 in Wagoner and Muskogee Counties; 4-8 in
Marshall County. Percent damaged boll ranged 1-30 in Bryan
County; very light in Caddo, Washita, and Payne Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - H. zea moderate to heavy in Knox, Wichita,
Baylor, Concho, and Tom Green Counties. Square damage ranged
20-40 percent in most heavily infested fields. Heaviest damage
occurred in fields under control programs for several weeks.
(Boring).
NEW MEXICO - H. zea light on cotton in Dona Ana County. Beneficial
insects exerting control in most areas. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
ARIZONA - H. zea and H. virescens larvae active in many fields in
Pinal and Maricopa Counties. Difficult to control H. virescens,
resistance problem present. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
- 618 -
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Medium to heavy in
75 percent of 800 fields in Burke County. Virus disease giving
control in some fields; 2 fields totally defoliated. In Dooly
County, light to moderate infestations found in 30 percent of 800
fields. (Barry). TEXAS - Ranged light to heavy in spotted areas
in Knox County. Populations seem to be decreasing. (Boring).
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - GEORGIA - Light to heavy in
50 percent of 800 fields in Burke County and light to medium in
75 percent of 800 fields in Dooly County. (Barry).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - MISSISSIPPI -
Heavy in 150 acres in Rankin County. (Barker).
TOBACCO
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - OHIO - Adults caused
serious damage to plants ready for harvest in Gallia County;
damage moderate to severe on every leaf in 3 fields. Damage also
seen on every leaf in 3 acres of tobacco in Lawrence County.
(Fox). KENTUCKY - Average adult counts per leaf by county:
Robertson 2.3, Scott 2.4, Madison 6.4, Fleming 0.7, Mason 0.5,
Nicholas 3, Harrison 1.2. Heaviest damage to tobacco observed in
Robertson County. (Barnett).
SUGAR BEETS
A WEEVIL (Cosmobaris americana) - WASHINGTON — Previously known
in State only at Grandview, Yakima County, on Atriplex sp.
(saltbush) and on sugar beets. Taken August 24-25 on weeds at
several locations in Walla Walla, Franklin, Benton, and Yakima
Counties. Collected on weeds September 1 at locations in Benton
and Grant Counties. Infestations in sugar beets during 1972
confined to Walla Walla area in Walla Walla County and to Grand-
view and Toppenish areas in Yakima County. Benton, Franklin,
Grant, and Walla Walla are new county records. (Landis).
ZEBRA CATERPILLAR (Ceramica picta) - WASHINGTON - Egg masses
seasonally heavy on sugar beets at Toppenish, Yakima County.
Damage on beets and potatoes expected in 14-21 days. (Landis).
MISCELLANEOUS FiELD CROPS
BANDED SUNFLOWER MOTH (Phalonia hospes) - NORTH DAKOTA - Larval
averages per 100 heads by county: Traill 45, Grand Forks 123,
Cass 105. (Brandvik, Kaatz, September 1).
SUNFLOWER BLOSSOM MIDGE (Contarinia schulzi) - NORTH DAKOTA - Up
to 48 larvae (averaged 16) per infested head in sunflower fields
in Cass and Traill Counties. (Brandvik, Kaatz, September 1).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) -— OREGON - Significant numbers
still trapped in Chalk Butte and Mitchell Butte areas of Malheur
County. Growers advised to check late potatoes periodically.
(Henninger). Infestations variable, counts ranged 8-600 per 25
bottom leaves at scattered localities west of Wilsonville and
north of Sherwood, Washington County, and on Sauvie Island,
Multnomah County. Infestations so severe in fields at Wilsonville
“and Sauvie Island honeydew present over entire plants. Controls
with several organic phosphates unsatisfactory. (Collins).
- 619 -
WISCONSIN - Myzus persicae counts heavy in several potato fields
in central area; up to 100 per leaf not unusual, but about 50
percent are mummies. Some growers treating specifically for this
pest. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae
infested tomato fruit in Bakersfield, Kern County. Incident low
north of Tehachapi Mountains this season. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) - WASHINGTON - Infested tubers
found August 31 near Pasco, Franklin County. This is a new county
record. (Hokanson, Landis).
COLE CROPS
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - This species and
Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) caused problem on lettuce in
Dona Ana County. Some fields treated, on 4 to 5-day schedule.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
GENERAL VEGETABLES
EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) -— MICHIGAN - Adults
collected in commercial greenhouse in Harbor Springs, Emmet
County, September 1 by V. Sayan. Determined by R.J. Sauer. This
is a new county record. Also collected in home at Charlevoix,
Charlevoix County, September 3 by R. Geiken. Present for past 3
years. (Sauer).
DETECTION
New State Record - ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella)—
MAINE — York County. (p. 616).
New County Records - ALFALFA LEAF. BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella)
MAINE — Androscoggin, Cumberland, Franklin, Kennebec, Knox,
Lincoln, Oxford, Somerset, Waldo (p. 616). ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL
(Cyrtepistomus castaneus) WEST VIRGINIA - Grant, Braxton, Roane,
Hampshire (p. 622). EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula ae te eee
MICHIGAN - mmet (p. 620). A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai)
PENNSYLVANIA - Blair, Cambria (p. 621). A LONGHORNED BEETLE
(Eburia quadrigeminata) WEST VIRGINIA —- Ritchie (p. 622). pio:
SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia Sscabiei) WASHINGTON - Franklin (p. 620).
WEEVIL (Cosmobaris americana) WASHINGTON - Benton, Behe
Grant, Walla Walla (p. 619). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica
virgifera) MICHIGAN - ‘Clinton, Muskegon (p. 615).
CORRECTIONS
CEIR, 22(35):583 = Line 2: -INDIANA =<"... (Sympiosis’ viridullags-
should read "... Sympiesis viridula ..."
CEIR 22(36):607 - WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisinia
brillians) should read (Harrisina brillians).
- 620 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy infes-
tations damaged pecans in Wichita, Young, and Clay Counties.
Controls applied in some orchards in these counties. Light to
moderate in Baylor County. Damage seen in Stephenville area in
Erath County. Activity in excess of economic thresholds. Damage
heavy in some areas with many punctured pecans found on ground.
(Boring, Hoelscher). OKLAHOMA - Adult emergence heavy from pecans
in Payne County week ending September 2; continued at lower rate.
Moderate on pecans in Love County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations
on early maturing pecans in Payne County near 100 percent. Very
light in later maturing varieties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - TEXAS - Caused much
damage to pecans in Wilbarger and Baylor Counties. Second and
third generations caused heavy damage to pecans in these counties.
Heaviest damage seen where effective control of first generation
A. caryae not obtained. (Boring).
WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - FLORIDA - All
stages severely infested 50 of 1,000 plum trees in nursery at
Glen St. Mary, Baker County. (Collins, Aug. 31).
PEARSLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - IDAHO - Late-generation larvae still
heavy on numerous untreated cherry and pear trees at Moscow,
Latah County. (Gittins).
TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) - COLORADO - Over-
wintering forms in apple and pear orchards on Western Slope with
foliage damage evident. Large populations, mainly overwintering
forms, congregating on trunks and scaffold limbs. All stages
ranged 50-200 per leaf before end of August. (Bulla).
ORNAMENTALS
A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults taken on
foliage of Pieris japonica in Tyron, Blair County, August 18 by
T. Wolf. Adults noted as heavy on single P. japonica in Johnstown,
Cambria County, August 29 by T. Wolf. Determined by E.E. Simons.
These are new county records. (Kim).
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Heavy on
terminal branches of ornamental cherry plants in Anderson County
nursery. Caused considerable curling of leaves. (McCaskill).
FLORIDA WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes floridensis) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Moderate on hemlocks at Anderson County nursery. Damage light,
controls planned. (McCaskill).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - ARIZONA - Almost completely
defoliated Chinese elms in Prescott area of Yavapai County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.). COLORADO - Larvae and adults of second generation
caused severe defoliation of Chinese elms in Mesa, Delta, and
Montrose Counties. (Bulla). GEORGIA - Caused heavy damage to elms
in Houston County. (Dinkins).
- 621 -
A LONGHORNED BEETLE (Eburia quadrigeminata) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Adult of this cerambycid collected on black locust at Harrisville,
Ritchie County, August 12 by J.P. Szeliga. Determined by J.D.
Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker).
ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Adults causing light damage collected from scarlet oak in Grant
County September 1 by J.M. Atkins. Also collected from red maple
by R.D. Whipkey in Braxton County August 8, pin oak by N. Hedrick
in Roane County August 18,and around light by J.D. Hacker in
Hampshire County August 22. These are new county records. (W.Va.
Ins. Sur.).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - MARYLAND - Heavily
damaged several wood lots, about 100 acres, in Kent County week
ending September 1. Damage currently evident in several small
loblolly pine plantings in Kent, Talbot, Worcester, and Wicomico
Counties. Damage and counts well below 1971 outbreak levels. Some
mortality expected in Kent, Queen Annes, and Talbot Counties where
rainfall below normal for August. (U.Md., Ent. Dept.).
ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Larvae fed on oaks in numerous areas of State. Population heavier
than 1971; many complaints noted. (Mc Caskill).
WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in
scattered areas of Ouachita National Forest in Le Flore County.
Several oak species and black locust completely defoliated in
some areas; some damage noted on elms, wild cherry, and few other
trees. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,921 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period August 27 to
September 2 as follows: Texas 4,677; New Mexico 96; Arizona 85;
Oklahoma 61; Arkansas 1; Iowa 1. Single case reported in Yell
County, Arkansas, on farm in mountainous valley. State personnel
sprayed that herd and 21 other herds totaling 2,223 cattle; total
of all herds in 9-Square-mile area. Total of 868 confirmed
cases reported in Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in
U.S. this period totaled 171,346,000 as follows: Texas
150,838,000; New Mexico 5,200,000; Arizona 12,378,000; California
600,000; Oklahoma 2,080,000; Arkansas 250,000. Total of 32,660,000
sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Ranged 20-100 per head
on dairy cattle in Frederick, Baltimore, and Harford Counties.
Populations still at annoyance levels throughout central area;
expected to continue until cooler weather in October. (U. Md.,
Ent. Dept., Sept. 1). OHIO - Counts very light on cattle in
southeastern counties along Ohio River; averaged 7 or less per
face. Counts per face on beef cattle by county: Clark 18+,
Clinton 12+, Madison 23+. (Fox). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 9.3
per animal on Hereford cattle in Scott County and 12.8 per animal
on mixed breeds of cattle in Harrison County. (Barnett).
MISSISSIPPI - Ranged up to 15 per face on beef cattle in Monroe
County. (Combs). WISCONSIN - Annoyance to dairy cattle moderate
- 622 -
in portions of Chippewa County. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NEBRASKA -
Ranged up-to 14 per head on pastured animals in North Platte
River Valley and in canyon herds in vicinity in Lincoln and
Keith Counties. (Campbell).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MARYLAND - Ranged 200-300 per
head in several herds in Frederick and Carroll Counties. Most
dairy herds treated, counts ranged 30-100 per head. (U.Md. Ent.
Dept., Sept. 1). MISSISSIPPI - Very heavy on herd of 15 mixed
beef cattle in Monroe County. Ranged up to about 5,000 per animal.
(Combs). TEXAS - Increased on cattle in Rolling Plains area.
(Green). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 300-500 per head on cattle in Payne
County; moderate in Cleveland County, heavy in Comanche County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Moderate on Washington County cattle.
(Huber).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - WISCONSIN - Moderately annoyed
dairy cattle in Columbia, Rock, Chippewa, and Dane Counties;
less annoying in Outagamie County. Biting of man continued problem
in several localities in southern counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
NEBRASKA - Ranged 15-30 per leg on feedlot animals in Lincoln and
Keith Counties. Activity decreased due to cool weather. (Campbell).
MOSQUITOES - MINNESOTA - Trap counts in Metropolitan Control
District decreased greatly week ending September 1. Natural mor-
tality and cool temperatures main factors. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
UTAH - Still annoying in Bloominton and St. George areas of
Washington County and in several areas of Tooele and Box Elder
Counties. (Knowlton, Nuber).
SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - ARIZONA - Stinging inci-
dents reported at Tucson, Pima County. Medical treatments necessary
in some cases. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - TENNESSEE - This
vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever still heavy in western
area. Three cases recently reported in Hardeman County. (Locke).
EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 10-20 per ‘ear in
cattle herd checked in Adair County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus hesperus) - NEVADA - Unusual high
population resulted in numerous bites to humans that required
hospitalization in Las Vegas Valley area of Clark County. (Zoller).
Public notice of caution issued by health officials. (Nev. Coop.
Rpt.).
STORED PRODUCTS
INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - IOWA - Treatments
required for apparently resistant populations in stored grain in
Butler, Cedar, Greene, Grundy, and Madison Counties. (Iowa Ins.
Sur,.). KANSAS - Heavy surface infestation reported in bin of wheat
at elevator in Shawnee County. (Bell).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
DAMSEL BUGS - OHIO - Nabis americoferis and Nabis sp. increased
statewide in hay where current Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid)
- 623 -
counts increased. Adult and nymphal Nabis spp. counts per 50
sweeps by county: Clinton 46, Madison 30, Pickaway 22, Clark 47,
Washington 33. (Fox).
A NYMPHALID BUTTERFLY (Precis coenia) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae
fed on witchweed in 2 Robeson County cornfields. In one field,
40-50 percent of 200+ witchweed plants showed feeding signs;
10-15 percent eaten to ground level with no sprouting. Sprouting
occurred in some cases. About 20 larvae from third instar observed.
Earlier observations and damage indicated P. coenia larval popu-
lation had been heavier in area. (Mears et al.).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Spray
treatment rapidly being completed in Porterville and Lindsay area,
Tulare County. Third and final treatment in Lindsay and second
treatment in Springville to be completed this period. Equipment
trouble slowed treatment. Biological control progressed well.
Total of 150,000 lacewing eggs and 100,000 adult Cryptolaemus sp.
(a lady beetle) released at 2 areas. Cryptolaemus spp. larvae
found in Delano area infestation, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH DAKOTA - Adult survey completed. Infestations
increased and general in north-central and northwest counties,
spotty in south-central counties and about Same as 1971. Infesta-
tions about same as 1971 in eastern counties with decrease in
some areas. Economic in parts of Williams, McHenry, Morton, Grant,
Emmons, Cass, Richland, and Ransom Counties, about 139,000 crop-
land acres infested. Populations increased in sand hills area of
‘Richland and Ransom Counties, about 15,900 rangeland acres econ-
omically infested. Dominant species Melanoplus bivittatus,
M. sSanguinipes, and M. femurrubrum. Grasshoppers matured early
this season; weather both favorable and unfavorable for maximum
egg production. Expect population increase over much of State
next season. (Brandvik). OKLAHOMA - Adult survey for 1972 revealed
about 1,485,000 acres of rangeland and 85,000 acres of cropland
infested. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Ranged 5-12 per square yard
in some areas of Green Canyon, Cache County; heavy in areas of
Locomotive Springs and east Fielding, Box Elder County. (Knowlton).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Heavy in mature
green bolls in Bell, Falls, McLennan, Coryell, and Hill Counties
of central area. Infestations in these counties ranged 1-8 larvae
per boll. (Hoelscher).
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA -
Local yard infestation of eggs, larvae, and adults found last of
August at Biola, Fresno County. Treatments applied. (Cal. Coop.
Rpt.).
- 624 -
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Turf and Pasture - Collected 13 specimens of a LEAFHOPPER
(Carneocephala sagittifera) in blacklight trap during August at
Hilo, Hawaii. Species was first discovered in State on grasses in
Kona, Hawaii, June 7. (Shiroma).
Fruits and Nuts - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) infesta-
tions remain generally trace in commercial papaya and banana
plantings on windward Oahu. About 5 percent of trees with small
colonies on 1-2 older leaves at Kaaawa and Hakipu. (Kawamura).
Man and Animals —- Mosquito collections during August from 58 light
traps operated on Oahu totaled 198 Aedes vexans nocturnus and
2,363 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Aedes catches heaviest at
Kahaluu and Culex heaviest at Waipahu. (Mosq. Control Br., State
Dept. of Health).
Beneficial Insects - LANTANA GALL FLY (Eutreta xanthochaeta)
infestations medium, 1-2 galls per 0.25 inch stem, on lantana at
Kualoa Ranch, Oahu. (Otsuka).
General Pests - A GEOMETRID MOTH (Semiothisa santaremaria) light
compared to winter and spring months. Survey of koa haole growths
in Several areas on Oahu revealed low larval counts; 45 on 20
plants at Waimanalo, 8 on 20 plants at Pearl City, zero on 10
plants at Ewa. (Kumashiro, Otsuka).
Miscellaneous Pests -—- GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica)
activity, actuated by tropical storm precipitation, noted on
several residential lots at Poipu, Kauai; 76 live snails collected
from these lots and destroyed. (Sugawa).
Weather of the week continued from page 612.
The mercury at Catulla, Texas, climbed to 102 degrees on Wednesday
and Thursday afternoons. The southwestern deserts continued hot.
Blythe, California, recorded 109 degrees Tuesday afternoon. The
east colled as the week progressed. Minimum temperatures dropped tc
the 40's in the northern and central Appalachians. Beckley, West
Virginia, registered 41 degrees Wednesday morning. The weekend
brought early autumn temperatures to much of the eastern half of
the Nation. A large High stretched from the Mississippi River
Valley to the Atlantic coast. Minimum temperatures east of the
Mississippi River Sunday morning ranged from the 40's north of
the Ohio River to the 70's along the gulf coast. Weekly mean
temperatures over much of the East were 3 to 6 degrees cooler
than normal.
- 625 -
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- 626 -
TRAP COLLECTIONS
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PENNSYLVANIA (District)
Southeast 8/28-9/4
Southwest 8/28-9/4
Central 8/28-9/4
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Dyer 9/4-8
Franklin 9/4-8
Madison 9/4-8
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- 627 -
WEST VIRGINIA (County)
Harrison 8/29
Monongalia 8/22
Ohio 8/28
Hartford 8/29-9/4
Lancaster 8/28-9/5
Mazomanie 8/30-9/5
WISCONSIN
KHAPRA BEETLE
(Trogoderma granarium Everts)
Additional Selected References
1967-1969
These references supplement those published in CEIR 19(40):770,
1969. Copies of these bibliographies are available from Pest
Survey and Technical Support Staff.
Adeesan, C., Rahalkar, G. W., and Tamhankar, A. J. 1969. Effect of
age and previous mating on the response of khapra beetle
males to female sex pheromone. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 12(2):229-
234. Ger. Sum.
Agarwal, H. C. and Pillai, M. K. K. 1967. Laboratory evaluation of
certain organophosphorus insecticides against Trogoderma
granarium Everts. Indian J. Ent. 29(4):346-348.
Atwal, A. S., Sidhu, A. S., and Gupta, J. C. 1968. Studies on the
growth of populations of Trogoderma granarium Everts and
Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius). Indian J. Ent. 30(3):185-
LOT,
Bhattacharya, A. K. and Pant, N. C. 1968. Dietary efficiency of
natural, Ssemisynthetic and synthetic diets with special
reference to qualitative amino acid requirements of the
khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera:
Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 4(3):249-257.
Bhattacharya, A. K. and Pant, N. C. 1969. Growth and development
of khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col.,
Dermestidae) on pulses. Bul. Ent. Res. 59(3):383-388.
Bhattacharya, A. K. and Pant, N. C. 1969. Nature of growth
inhibitors for Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera:
Dermestidae) in lentil (lens esculenta Moench.) and French
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Stored Prod. Res. 5(4):379-
388.
Bhattacharya, A. K. and Pant, N. C. 1969. Nutritional behaviour of
Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on
leguminous seeds. J. Stored Prod. Res. 4(4):305-315.
Deuse, J. 1968. Report. 1. On the discovery of several foci of
Trogoderma granarium in Mali and on the provisional measures
advised to combat this pest. 2. Review of existing ‘anti-
Trogoderma' legislation in the English-speaking countries of
Africa and proposals for Similar legislative measures for
French-speaking Africa. Report of a mission 16th Sept.-1 Oct.
1967. (Paris Inst. Rech. Agron. Trop. Cult: Vava eine bce
Esin, T. 1967. Investigations on the use of Phostoxin for the
control of larvae of the khapra beetle (T. granarium). Anz.
Schdadlingsk. 40(1):9-12.
- 628 -
Haque, H., Anwar, M. S., and Begum, A. 1969. Control of khapra
beetle in larval stage by use of malathion. Agr. Pakistan
20(3) :279-286.
Ikan, R., Bergmann, E. D., Yinon, U., and Shulov, A. 1969.
Identification, synthesis and biological activity of an
"assembling scent" from the beetle Trogoderma granarium.
Nature (London) 223(5203):317.
Kantack, B. H. and Staples, R. 1969. The biology and ecology of
Trogoderma: glabrum (Herbst) in stored grains. Nebr. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Res. Bul. 232. 24 pp.
Karnavar, G. K. and Nair, K. S. S. 1969. Changes in body weight,
fat, glycogen, and protein during diapause of Trogoderma
granarium. J. Insect Physiol. 15(1):95-103.
Levinson, H. Z. and Bar Ilan, A. R. 1967. Funetion and properties
of an assembling scent in the khapra beetle Trogoderma
granarium. Riv. di Parassitol. 28(1):27-42. Ttal. Sun.
Pant, J. C., Doharey, R. B., and Pant, N. C. 1969. Tolerance of
Trogoderma granarium Everts to higher levels of inorganic
salts in the artificial diet. Indian J. Ent. 31(1):95-97.
Punj, G. K. and Girish, G. K. 1969. Relative toxicity of certain
fumigants to Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera,
Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 4(4) :339-342.
Punj, G. K. and Prasad, S. K. 1969. Growth and developmental
response of Trogoderma granarium Everts on certain pulses.
Bul. Grain Technol. 7(2):80-86.
Rao, K. D. P. and Agarwal, H. C. 1969. Lipids of the larvae and
adults of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera). Compar. Biochem.
Physiol. 30(1):161-167.
Rattan Lal and Attri, B. S. 1967. Effect of food on the suscepti-
bility of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae:
Coleoptera) to insecticides. Indian J. Ent. 29(4) :329-338.
Reddy, D. B. 1969. Distribution of khapra beetle in the South East
Asia and Pacific Region. Inf. Let. FAO Plant Protect. Comm.
S. E. Asia No. 70. 3 pp.
Currently occurring only in India and West Pakistan.
Sohi, G. S. 1969. Influence of temperature and humidity on the
phototropic response of the larvae of Trogoderma granarium
Everts (Dermestidae; Coleoptera). Punjab Agr. Univ. J. Res.
6(1, Suppl.) :233-236.
Stanic, V. and Shulov, A. 1969. Olfactory response of Trogoderma
granarium adults (Col., Dermest.) to odours of wheat, faeces
and some faecal components. J. Stored Prod. Res. 5(4) :299-
304.
Verma, A. N. and Punj, G. K. 1969. Effect of nutrition on suscep-
tibility of larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts to
ethylene oxide. Bul. Grain Technol. 7(3):150-153.
- 629 -
Yinon, U. and Shulov, A. 1967. New findings concerning pheromones
produced by Trogoderma granarium (Everts), (Coleoptera,
Dermestidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 3(3):251-254.
Yinon, U. and Shulov, A. 1969. Bioassay of the response of
Tribolium castaneum to repellent substance excreted by
Trogoderma granarium. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 12(2):191-205.
Ger. Sum.
Yinon, U. and Shulov, A. 1969. Distribution of Trogoderma
granarium (Col. Dermestidae) at constant humidity and in
gradient of humidity. J. Stored Prod. Res. 5(4):371-378.
U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Technical Support Staff 22 (37) :628-630, 1972
- 630 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
122 34037 0001
0004 SMINLISMIA
SMITHSON
ARTES SMI
WASHINGTON
LAN INSTIT i
THSON IAN INST
pc 20560
YTLON LIBR--
VOL. 22 No. 38 September 22 1972
C77
“Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
: PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 September 22, 1972 Number 38
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
GREENBUG and FALL ARMYWORM heavy but spotty in newly planted small
grain in west-central Oklahoma. GREENBUG economic on early winter
wheat in south-central South Dakota. (pp. 633-634, 635).
A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER heavy and damaged improved grasses
throughout much of lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas. (p. 635).
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR heavily damaged much alfalfa in Salt River
Valley of Arizona. (p. 635).
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR ranged light to heavy on soybeans in west-—
central Alabama and southern Georgia; late soybeans may be badly
damaged in Alabama if drought broken by rains sufficient to
produce normal crop. (p. 636).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE moderate to heavy on pines in northwest South
Carolina. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE damaged lodgepole pines in Lake
Tahoe area of California. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID heavy on blue
spruce in Cuba Ranger District of Santa Fe National Forest in New
Mexico. Heavy VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR population in Missouri
collapsed due to parasitism by an unspecified scelionid wasp.
(pp. 639-640).
Detection
New State records include a SCOLYTID in Virginia (p. 640), an
ENCYRTID WASP in Maryland (p. 642), and an ELATERID in Hawaii
(p. 644).
For new county records see page 643.
Special Reports
Khapra Beetle. Selected References 1947-1966. (pp. 647-653).
Reports in this issue are for week ending September 15 unless
otherwise indicated.
- 631 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance............ Papa eR Ic <0) 2 633
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...634 Beans and Peas............. 637
Sma Pi sGrainsS ss ci. ss cc esse. © 0 oie 635 General Vegetables.........637
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..635 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..638
Forage Legumes.......... Suc GOO ORC 1 CLUS. oy eee ee PEE acy Onc . 638
SOyIDEANS ewer eas snes een 636~ Small Fruits... ssc 639
COG GOD sane c, we eicle et usce sees nee -636 Forest and Shade Trees..... 639
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Man and Animals............640
PEPPERS oo: iis Gi aieleve-aeeeriens 637 Households and Structures. .641
Beneficial Insects os ise oe ee ee eee 642
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs. F .. i foes eens . 642
DE CSC EMON 605 ce ais, avis ai ares o 0 6 cre sueicie wets co 6 es 6 chs vss cus cteRenneneneneneee 643
CornectwoOnS som. ss se oe eee a RCRA ROE MER aac EI MOMS icubKGdomio OOOO DOC 643
Hawata- Insect: Reporitiés oie ees) OS28 2 Pe ee ees eee PRP icy ch con -644
Light Trap. COLLCETIONS ie b.. Rk ie ce wie « etecaele 6 chee ne .645
Khapra Beetle. Selected References 1947-1966............. wo TOA
Weather “ottheWeeker 7. . sk cece s eee eee Soe oie eh eee Sie 3 ate 654
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-SEPTEMBER TO MID-OCTOBER 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-September
to mid-October calls for temperatures to average below seasonal
normals over the western half of the Nation except for near to
above normal over the southern Plains. Above normal temperatures
are indicated for the eastern third of the Nation except for near
normal in the south Atlantic Coast States. In unspecified areas
near normal temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is
expected to exceed normal from the Rockies to the Midwest and the
lower Mississippi Valley as well as over portions of the central
and southern Plateau. Subnormal totals are indicated for the west
coast States and the middle and north Atlantic coast. Elsewhere
near normal precipitation is expected.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National
Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent
of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
- 632 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae severely
damaged field corn in Hanford area, Kings County. One 60-acre
field completely stripped. Damage variable in other fields.
Infestation probably related to amount of water grass in corn
plantings. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Larvae of this species
and Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) caused some injury to
barley in Loma and Fruita areas of Mesa County. (Bulla). KANSAS -
Blacklight trap catches of P. unipuncta indicate significant moth
flights in Barton and Greeley Counties. (Bell).
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE —- Adults continued to
increase in blacklight traps in Sussex County; averaged 25 per
night for 5 locations. (Burbutis, Kelsey). VIRGINIA - Light on
soybeans throughout Coastal Plain. (Allen et al.). Moth collec-
tions still light, 33 taken past 14 days. Some injury seen in
late tomatoes, damage to soybeans less than usual in Accomack and
Northampton Counties. (Hofmaster). KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged 1
per head in no-till grain sorghum in Todd County. (Barnett,
Raney). ILLINOIS - None found in 110 cornfields surveyed in
western and central districts. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA -
Damage seen in 15 late soybean fields from Duplin County to
Robeson County. One 5-acre Robeson County field had 85 percent pod
loss. Populations in most fields in area declined below threshold
level. (Hunt, Mears). ALABAMA - Only occasional larva observed on
pods in. soybean fields examined in Sumter, Marengo, and Wilcox
Counties. (McQueen).
MISSISSIPPI - H. zea light to moderate in soybeans in Walthall and
Monroe Counties. (Robinson). TEXAS - Light and generally local in
grain sorghum in Motley County. One larva per head found in 10
percent of plants. (Pallmeyer). UTAH - Infested 90 percent of
ears on field corn at Newcastle, Iron County; infestations
averaged 10 percent in experimental corn in Box Elder, Salt Lake,
Utah, Weber, Morgan, and Millard Counties. (McAlister, Knowlton).
Infestation in canning sweet corn lighter than normal in Box
Elder County. (Duncan).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MAINE - Threatening
infestations in some cornfields in many areas decreased past 2
weeks; none found in many fields. Lady beetle larvae searching
for food, adults moved to lambsquarters and gardens. (Gall).
NEBRASKA - Colonies of this species and R. fitchii (apple grain
aphid) heavy on ears of field corn at scattered locations in
central, east, and northeast crop districts. No controls needed.
(Roselle, Keith). IDAHO - Infestations in backyard sweet corn all
but eliminated by Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady beetle)
and Chrysopa spp. (green lacewings) in Moscow area, Latah County.
(Portman) .
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - TEXAS - Light to moderate on
grain sorghum in Martin County. (Neeb). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in spots
in newly planted small grain in Custer County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
NEBRASKA - Scattered colonies of 5-35 individuals seen on
occasional sorghum plants in Gage, Seward, Butler, and Madison
Counties. Some parasitized. (Roselle et al.). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Infested all early planted winter wheat in Lyman County. Some
fields more heavily infested than others, most economic. Winter
wheat in-l-leaf stage in field south of Kennebec, Lyman County,
severely infested with 2-5 alate females and 10-30 nymphs per
- 633 -
leaf. Controls applied in some fields. Present in sorghum in same
area but noneconomic. (Jones).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Spread
from 80 acres of alfalfa in Diamond Valley, Eureka County, (see
CEIR 22(35):574) to all alfalfa fields checked in valley; also
found in Bean Flat area of county. Ranged 5-20 per sweep.
(Lauderdale, Smith).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Larva found
in stem of sorghum plant in field in Woodson County; overall
infestation not determined. Recent blacklight trap catches
indicated substantial second-generation moth flight in Brown
County. (Bell). IOWA - Larvae infested 58 percent of plants in
20 cornfields observed in Polk County. Larvae per plant averaged
1.4; about same as 1971. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). WISCONSIN - Larvae
heavy in some late sweet corn. In Dodge County, 24 percent of ears
in late field infested with larvae ranging from first through
third instar. In Dane County, some late fields with 10+ percent of |
ears infested. In corn near harvest, infestation averaged 4
percent throughout State. Treatment underway in northeastern
counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). KENTUCKY - Larvae ranged 3-4 per
head in no-till grain sorghum in Todd County. (Barnett, Raney).
DELAWARE - Adults averaged 8 per night in blacklight traps at 5
locations in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - IDAHO - D. virgifera (western
corn rootworm) adults averaged about 4 per 40-50 plants and ears
in 7 cornfields in vicinities of Dayton, Weston, and Franklin in
Franklin County. Scattered incidents of incomplete development of
ear tips reported. Root damage insignificant, no lodging observed.
(Tovery, Slack). WISCONSIN - D. longicornis (northern corn root-
worm) adults numerous, ranged 1-3 adults per ear in some late
corn in Manitowoc and Sheboygan Counties. Much silk feeding noted
in some fields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MICHIGAN - D. virgifera adults
collected from field corn in Waverly Township, Van Buren County,
September 8 by D. Kaiser. Determined by R.F. Ruppel. This is a
new county record. (Ruppel). INDIANA - D. virgifera adult
collected in White County September 9 by R. Elliott. This is a
new county record. All counties in northwest and north-central
districts now infested. (Meyer).
RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - MISSISSIPPI - Infested about 20
percent of ears in 250 acres of corn in Amite County. Light, but
increased in grain sorghum in Noxubee County. (Robinson).
CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - KANSAS = Nymphs
and adults ranged 5-20 per plant in one of 4 cornfields checked
in each of Shawnee, Osage, and Wabaunsee Counties. (Bell).
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - KANSAS - Moderate in
heads of late sorghum in Woodson County field; adults emerged.
Last report of significant infestations in sorghum in State from
Wilson and Montgomery Counties during September 1971. (Bell).
BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Counts and
damage decreased on grain sorghum in El Paso and Pecos Valley
areas due to heavy rain, cool nights, and higher than normal
relative humidity. (Neeb).
- 634 -
SMALL GRAINS
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in spots
in newly planted small grain in Custer County. Light, spotted
infestations reported in Jackson County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - NEBRASKA - Averaged
about 10 per plant in wheatfield near McCook, Red Willow County.
(Campbell).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER (Delphacodes propinqua) - TEXAS - Heavy
and damaged improved grasses throughout much of lower Rio Grande
Valley. Large numbers reported from several locations with heavy
deposits of honeydew in damaged fields. Control treatments not
too successful. (Deer).
RHODESGRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - ARIZONA - Heavy in many
St. Augustine and Bermuda grass lawns at Phoenix, Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Larvae fed on
Coastal Bermuda grass in Coosa County. Followed usual pattern,
damaged grass fertilized with poultry litter. This is first
occurance in county in 4-5 years. Light in grass and late corn
in 2 areas of Marengo County. (Sessions, Yates).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Larvae caused
very heavy damage in many alfalfa fields in Salt River Valley,
Maricopa County. Controls necessary. Average counts per 100
Sweeps in Yuma County: Yuma Mesa 110, Yuma Valley 20, Gila
Valley 320, Dome Valley 260. Averaged 9 per 100 sweeps west of
Phoenix, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO -
Moderate to heavy adult flights noted in alfalfa in Sunland Park
area of Dona Ana County. (Hare). COLORADO - Larvae light in
alfalfa in Arkansas Valley. (Schweissing).
ALFALFA SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus roddi) - NEVADA - Heavy adult
emergence began in Dixie Valley of Churchill and Pershing
Counties August 18 with 34-75 percent of curls of roadside and
field border alfalfa plants infested. Emergence began in Orovada
area, Humboldt County, week of September 8 with up to 75 percent
of curls on roadside and field border plants infested. Potential
Overwintering populations from these plants will be high unless
Sanitary practices employed. (Lauderdale).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - OHIO - Ranged up to 30 per
Sweep in Mercer County alfalfa, but counts of 1-11 per sweep
more common. Parasitized aphids few in number but increasing.
(Fox).
GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Only pest of alfalfa in State. Popula-
‘tions heavier than normal in eastern Fond du Lac County, about 30
per square yard. Relatively heavy along roadsides and fence rows
in Sheboygan and Manitowoc Counties; much feeding on corn silks
noted in these counties. Heavy in alfalfa in Green County and in
scattered fields in Grant and Iowa Counties. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
- 635 -
SOYBEANS
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Leaf
feeding by full-grown larvae ranged light to heavy on all fields
examined in Sumter, Marengo, and Wilcox Counties. Several fields
of late soybeans planted behind small grain showed 35-65 percent
leaf loss. Some controls applied in Sumter and Wilcox Counties.
Adults flying in all counties. Late soybeans may be badly
damaged if extreme drought broken by rains sufficient to produce
normal crop. (McQueen). GEORGIA - Ranged light to heavy over
southern area. (French). ARKANSAS - First specimens of season
taken in few soybean fields in Yell County. (Boyer).
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - VIRGINIA - Damaging
populations spotty throughout Coastal Plain with more damage seen
in Northern Neck area. Treatment recommended when adults and/or
larvae average 5+ per row foot unless soybeans fully matured.
((Nilileim G15 filo) <
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ARKANSAS - Fed on soy-
bean pods in Hempstead County. Pod feeding generally light over
State. (Boyer). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 2 per row foot in 120 |
acres of soybeans in Todd County. (Barnett, Raney).
COTTON
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Egg and larval counts
decreased, probably temporarily, in southern area. (French et
al.). ARKANSAS - H. virescens continued heavy in extreme southern |
area. Heliothis spp. moth activity continued heavy in most areas |
of State. Egg deposition very heavy on green cotton. Moth activity)
very light in extreme northeast area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - H. zea
damaged squares ranged 60-70 percent in many Caddo and Washita ~
County fields. Percent damaged squares by county: Kiowa O-9,
Harmon 0-3, Jackson 0-14. Large numbers of eggs still found in
irrigated fields in Jackson County. Square damage ranged 1-9
percent and boll damage ranged 1-20 percent in Bryan County.
Light to moderate in Marshall County. In Wagoner and Muskogee
Counties, eggs ranged 1-67 per 100 terminals and boll damage
ranged 1-8 percent. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TEXAS - H. zea moderate in El Paso County. Eggs moderate to heavy |
in Pecos and Reeves Counties with heavy damage to young bolls
and squares. Eggs ranged 15-120 per 100 terminals with 10-15 eggs
per terminal on 5 percent of plants in some fields. In Pecos
and Reeves Counties, H. zea larvae ranged 3-35 per 100 plants;
square and boll counts showed 3-35 percent damage. Midland, Martin!
and Glasscock Counties reported 10-40 eggs per 100 terminals,
2-12 larvae per 100 plants, and 4-25 percent damaged squares and |
bolls. Control in Pecos Valley difficult; in many fields only |
first-instar larvae controlled with sprays. H. virescens increased:
in fields in Pecos Valley area. About 30-50 percent of bollworm |
and budworm complex this species. (Neeb). ARIZONA - Controls still
necessary in Maricopa, Pinal, and Yuma Counties for Heliothis {
spp. Damage heavy in treated fields at Thatcher, Graham County. }
(Ariz. Coop’. Sux.)
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy defoliation
reported in spots in several fields in Jackson County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). TENNESSEE - Larvae defoliated many late maturing
fields in western area. In many cases, feeding aided maturing of
- 636 -
cotton. (Gordon, Bruer). ALABAMA - Larvae of Trichoplusia ni and
Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper ) caused heavy defoliation
of plants in many fields in Sumter and Marengo Counties. Drought
caused 25-50 percent leaf drop; loopers caused 35-80 percent of
remaining leaves to drop and may have caused some loss of top
bolls. (McQueen).
COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - TEXAS - Heavy
in isolated fields in Balmorhea area of Reeves County. Counts
around field margins ranged 6-8 larvae per cotton leaf. (Green).
SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Built up in
Bowie area of Cochise County. Very light and scattered in Graham
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur'.).
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Feeding by emerging
weevils heavy, with 2-20 punctures per young boll in many fields
in western area. (McQueen). OKLAHOMA - Punctured square counts
averaged 100 percent in many Caddo and Washita County fields.
Percent punctured squares by county: Greer 0-17, Jackson 0-23, .
Kiowa 0-21, Bryan 1-12; moderate in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). TEXAS - Moderate to heavy in northeastern Glasscock County,
heavy in Presidio County. (Neeb).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) - WASHINGTON - Trace infesta-—
tion found September 8 in 120 acres of potatoes at Patterson,
Benton County. This is a new county record. (Landis, Foeppel).
VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma saucia) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - Severely
damaged tomato crop in untreated field in Hillsboro County; most
of crop lost. Holes eaten in fruit. Adults emerged in laboratory
September 9 from larvae collected August 11. (Bowman, Morse).
BEANS AND PEAS
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - CALIFORNIA -
Heavily infested blackeye beans in Arvin area, Kern County; 300
acres of 3 varieties involved. One-half of plants appear affected.
Low production from surviving crop expected. In past 5 years, this
. pest only economic north of Tehachapi Mountains. Damage increased
each year in beans, milo, and corn, particularly where milo
follows blackeye beans in double cropping. Drought this year
eliminated much of double cropping. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GENERAL VEGETABLES
BLACK SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio polyxenes asterius) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Larvae found feeding on celery in Richland County September 8 by
O. Huff. Determined by D.K. Pollet. This is a new county record.
(McCaskill).
- 637 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Infestations increased
on pecan trees throughout Trans-Pecos area. (Neeb). OKLAHOMA -
Second-generation larvae moderate to heavy on pecan, walnut, and
persimmon in south-central counties and in Coal, Atoka, and
Choctaw Counties. Moderate on pecans in Garfield County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).
PEACHTREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in
untreated peach trees in Marshall County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) - WASHINGTON - Partial
second generations of A. argyrospilus and A. rosanus (a tortricid
moth) appeared in unsprayed pear trees at Wenatchee, Chelan County..
Male moths taken in pheromone traps through August, larvae seen
during July. This is a new county record for A. rosanus. (Burts, '
Brunner) .
BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Light infes-
tations, 5-10 per leaf, attacked pecan trees in Brazos County.
(Green).
CITRUS
Insect Situation in Florida - End of August - CITRUS RUST MITE
(Phyllocoptruta oleivora) infested 72 (norm 57) percent of groves;
economic in 58 (norm 39) percent. Population decreased briefly
but expected to increase in late September and persist above nor-
mal and at high level through November. Heavy infestations
expected in 30 percent of groves. Highest districts south, central,
north, west, and east. TEXAS CITRUS MITE (Eutetranychus banksi)
infested 41 (norm 22) percent of groves; economic in 16 (morm 8)
percent. Population decreased but was highest on record for
August. Although further decrease to low level predicted through
September, population will remain higher than average. Highest
districts are west and central. CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri)
infested 13 (norm 28) percent of groves; economic in 3 (norm 12)
percent. In contrast, population is lowest on record for August.
Although it will remain very low in all districts, scattered
groves will develop important infestations in November. BLACK
SCALE (Saissetia oleae) infested 82 (norm 57) percent of groves;
economic in 58 (norm 35) percent. August population is highest in
21 years of record but is lower than at mid-July peak. Population
will remain above normal and in high range into December despite
gradual decrease. Highest districts central, north, west, and
east. AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) infested 36 percent of
groves; economic in 27 percent. Population decreased slightly
from record high level at end of July. Gradual increase expected
after September. GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) infested 58
(norm 48) percent of groves; economic in 5 (norm 8) percent.
PURPLE SCALE (L. beckii) infested 40 (norm 42) percent of groves; —
economic in 1 (norm 2) percent. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii)
infested 35 (norm 34) percent of groves; none economic (norm 3
percent), YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) infested 25 (norm 40)
percent of groves; none economic (norm 6 percent). These four
armored scales all below normal abundance and at low to moderate
level in all districts. Only scattered groves will harbor impor-
tant infestations during remainder of 1972. GREEN SCALE
- 638 -
(Coccus viridis) infested 22 (norm 5) percent of groves; moderate
to heavy in 14 (norm 1) percent. This scale abnormally numerous
but not likely to be important. Decrease to low level predicted
in December. WHITEFLIES infested 72 (norm 55) percent of groves;
economic in 27 (norm 16) percent. Population of larval and adult
forms much above average and in high range. Little change pre-
dicted. Highest districts south, central, and west. (W.A. Simanton
(Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)).
SMALL FRUITS
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - PENNSYLVANIA - All stages
on Concord grapes at North East in Erie County. Ranged 12-300
per leaf; some vineyards seen with 95 percent of foliage bronzed.
(Judd).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA -
Aerial surveys during July of 724,292 acres of forest showed mod-
erate to heavy infestations in 1,007 spots. Infestations found on
Oconee, Table Rock, Kings Mountain, and Croft State Parks and in
southeast Anderson, southern Cherokee, northeast Union, southern
Greenville, northern Laurens, and southeast Spartanburg Counties.
Salvage of infested trees through commercial sales by landowners
recommended. Where salvage not possible and timber values warrant
control, cutting and burning of infested trees or chemical con-
trol suggested. Pest appears to be moving very rapidly within
infested areas. Peak tree mortality expected in late September.
Additional infestations in and around present infestations ex-
pected before winter. (Graham).
MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - CALIFORNIA -
Large stands of lodgepole pine damaged at South Lake Tahoe, El
Dorado County. Pitch tubes ranged 1-40 per tree. Land develop-
ment and drought condition responsible for upset. This is very
high value recreation area and timber loss is important. (Cal.
Coop. Rpt.).:
COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - NEW MEXICO - Light to
heavy on Blue Spruce in Santa Fe National Forest. Heaviest popu-
lations noted in Cuba Ranger District. (Heninger, Patterson).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OHIO - Defoliation still problem
in east-central and northeastern areas. Damage very Severe in
Stark, Mahoning, Portage, and Summit Counties. Many requests for
aid in control received. (Ball). KENTUCKY - Larvae heavy and
caused heavy damage to foliage on Several species of trees in
Powell County. (Barnett). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on cottonwoods in
Jemez Springs area, Sandoval County. Some trees almost completely
encased in webs. (Heninger, Patterson).
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - NORTH DAKOTA -
Completed aerial survey in Dunn and Benson Counties showed decrease
in defoliation in all areas. In Fort Totten area, Benson County,
defoliation occurred in same area as 1971 but basswood only tree
Species completely defoliated. In Killdeer Mountain area, Dunn
County, only scattered pockets of defoliation seen, complete
defoliation confined to birch trees. Small pocket of defoliation
- 639 -
seen in Twin Buttes area, Dunn County. Larvae full grown, some
in prepupal stage. (Brandvik, Meyer). MISSOURI - Caused very
severe defoliation of oaks in 1971, but only scattered pin oaks
showed signs of defoliation in 1972. An undetermined scelionid
wasp, an egg parasite, caused complete collapse of Heterocampa
manteo population in State. (Gass).
MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to
heavy on mimosa in Coalgate, Coal County; Atoka, Atoka County;
Hugo, Choctaw County; Tishomingo, Johnston County; and Ardmore,
Carter County. Light to moderate in Davis and Sulphur, Murray
County; Roff, Pontotoc County; Marietta, Love County; and El
Reno, Canadian County. One lightly infested tree found in
Chickasha and one other in Minco, Grady County. All are new
county records. Moderate to heavy in Bryan, Marshall, Oklahoma,
and Cleveland Counties and light in Tulsa County. (Okla. Coop.
Suisse
EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - OHIO —- Prelim-_
inary egg mass surveys in Franklin and Hocking Counties indicate
1973 populations in these areas will be as heavy or heavier than
in 1972. (Fox).
A TORTRICID MOTH (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae and
pupae ranged 1-10 per tree in large Christmas-tree planting of
Monterey pine at Arvin, Kern County. This continuing infestation
severely damaging trees to be harvested this season. (Cal. Coop.
injoree)) 6
ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - WEST VIRGINIA -
Adult damage light, 5 percent to white oaks in Summers County;
adults numerous around lights September 10. Collected and
determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker).
A SCOLYTID (Xylosandrus germanus) - VIRGINIA - Adults taken from
limb of redbud in Pittsylvania County by B. Hogenson June 6.
Determined by D.M. Anderson. This is a new State record. (Allen).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,455 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period September 3-9
as follows: Texas 4,177; New Mexico 62; Arizona 127; California
1; Oklahoma 88. Total of 478 cases confirmed in Mexico. Number of
sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 155,986,000 as
follows: Texas 136,888,000; New Mexico 4,470,000; Arizona
14,028,000; California 600,000. Total of 32,060,000 sterile flies
released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MARYLAND - Ranged 10-40 per head on
beef and dairy animals in Montgomery, Frederick, and Carroll
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Populations and annoyance
to cattle decreased markedly in western area, compared to infes-
tations during July and August. (Fox). ILLINOIS - Counts of 7.2
per animal noted in southern sections and 30.2 in central section.
(I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations light, probably due
to hot weather. Averaged 2 per face on 75 beef cattle in extreme
southeastern Pontotoc County. This is a new county record.
(Robinson). MISSOURI - Counts in northwest area ranged 6-37 per
- 640 -
animal, averaged 13. (Munson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Musca autumnalis
decreased, ranged 0-3 per head (averaged 1) on cows and 0-2 per
head (averaged less than 1) on calves. (DelFosse). UTAH - Con-
tinued to annoy horses and cattle in farm areas of Weber, Davis,
and Cache Counties. (Knowlton).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - MARYLAND - Ranged 30-150 per
head on beef steers and 10-100 per head on dairy animals through-
out central area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - FLORIDA - Averaged 49 per dairy
cow at Hawthorne, Alachua County, and 123 per dairy cow at Lowell,
Marion County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Ranged up to 50+
per cow on 300 beef cattle in Monroe County, up to 1,000+ on 75
beef cattle in Pontotoc County. (Robinson). ILLINOIS - Counts of
76 per animal seen in southern sections and 250 in central section.
(I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Light to moderate, ranged 300-1,000+
per animal, in northwest area. (Munson). SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged
25-300 (averaged 150) per side on cows and 5-35 (averaged 25) on
calves. (DelFosse). OKLAHOMA - Ranged 750-800 per head on cattle
in Payne County, 1,000-1,500 per head in Major County, and 270-
300 per head in Marshall County. Ranged moderate to heavy in
Pawnee, Cleveland, Garvin, and McCurtain Counties. (Okla. Coop.
pur.) .
MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - Aedes stimulans larvae taken near Finzel,
Cranberry Swamp, Garrett County, May 18. Collected and determined
by W.E. Bickley. This is a new county record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
MINNESOTA - Most mosquito eggs in Ramsey County in diapause
September 12. Light trap counts decreased from summer high of
104,000 in 16 traps for 7-day period to 3,200 for week ending
September 8. A. vexans accounted for 70-95 percent of adults
trapped during past 42 days. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). UTAH - Mainly
A. dorsalis, very annoying in southern areas of Curlew Valley
‘and numerous in Snowville, Park Valley Junction, and Kelton Pass
areas of Box Elder County. (Knowlton). ARIZONA - Mosquitoes heavy
at Tucson, Pima County; at Safford, Graham County, and at Willcox,
Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Two Psorophora
Signipennis females collected in light trap by V. Gasparotto, one
mile west of Furnace Creek Inn, Inyo County. This is a new county
record. This is third locality where this species collected in
State. Previously collected in Imperial and Riverside Counties.
meal. Coop. Rpt.).
|
A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus) - MICHIGAN - Two
females taken from hole in dead tree branch in Baldwin, Lake
‘County, June 14 by R. Lannon. Determined by R.J. Sauer. This is
a new county record. (Sauer).
‘NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - GEORGIA - Heavy on
layer chickens housed on wire or on ground in Clarke County.
\(Nolan).
|HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES
‘EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MICHIGAN - Adult taken
‘in basement of home in Cadillac, Wexford County, September 8 by
W.E. Pitts. Determined by R.J. Sauer. Specimen taken in restaurant
in Detroit, Wayne County, August 29 by J. Johnson. Determined by
IT. J. Canthrall. These are new county records. (Sauer).
.
i - 641 -
|
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) - MARYLAND - Reared from
Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) eggs collected at Perryville,
Cecil County, September 7 by R. Rusco and C.W. McComb. Determineds |
by B.D. Burks. This is a new State record. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).-
VEDALIA (Rodolia cardinalis) - ARIZONA - Active in Icerya purchasi
(cottonycushion scale) infestations in several citrus groves on
Yuma Mesa in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Population
2 percent larvae, 23 percent pupae (80 percent females), and
75 percent emerged September 5 at Custer, Whatcom County. Adult
emergence apparently peaked September 13. Many homeowner com-
plaints received regarding large number of adults; most common
complaint was nuisance factor of adults clinging to screens and
doors or entering homes. (Jackson).
GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Moved from adjacent rangelands into alfalfa
in foothills from Utah County through Box Elder and Cache Coun-
ties. (Knowlton). OREGON - Adult survey showed heavy numbers and
severe damage in untreated range areas of Wallowa, Grant, Baker,
Malheur, Douglas, Umatilla, Morrow, and Klamath Counties. Infested |
acreage about same as 1971. Problem most serious in high prairie
area near Zumwalt, Wallowa County. Some damage occurred to alfalfa)
near rangelands in Malheur and Harney Counties, with heaviest
damage in irrigated hay and grain fields in Jordan Valley.
(Goeden).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - OHIO - Inspection of Lorain
County locality where male moths trapped in early August (see
CEIR 22(34):565) revealed one viable egg mass, 2 empty pupal
cases (1 male, 1 female), and larval skins. Ooencyrtus kuwanai
(an encyrtid wasp), an egg parasite of P. dispar, scheduled for
release in area September 19. (Roach).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults very
heavy on favorite hosts in Fayette County. Severe defoliation
seen on many trees. (Maust).
MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - MONTANA - Infested 160 acres |
in Camas Prairie area, Sanders County. Egg depostion continued.
Averaged about 2 crickets per square yard; low enough to be sol-
itary. Few found near Townsend, Broadwater County. (Knudsen).
NEVADA - Averaged 1 per 2-3 square yards on 400 acres in upper
Willow Creek area, Santa Rosa Range, Humboldt County. (Richards).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infested 4-40 |
percent of bolls in El Paso County. Infested bolls ranged 3-50
percent in Pecos and Reeves Counties. In Glasscock County, less
than 5 percent infested bolls reported across county with some :
isolated spots averaging 10-20 percent infested bolls. Pink |
bollworm damage resulted in heavy boll rot in many fields in
Pecos Valley areas. (Neeb). ARIZONA - Boll infestations heavy in
untreated fields at Safford, Graham County. Heavy in cotton
southeast of Bowie, Cochise County. Some controls applied for top |
crop in Yuma County. Boll infestation 66 percent in field east of
Chandler, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
- 642 - |
SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSISSIPPI - Col-
lected on soybeans at Montpelier, Clay County, August 9 by W.E.
Taylor. ALABAMA - Collected on soybeans at Excel, Monroe County,
September 11 by T. Lemons. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed
by A.M. Golden. These are new county records. (PP).
WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus)
FLORIDA - One adult collected from citrus tree at Apopka, Orange
County, August 28. Feeding damage moderate on new foliage. This
is first infestation found outside regulated area in more than
one year. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
DETECTION
New State Records - AN ELATERID (Cardiophorus stolatus) - HAWAII -
Oahu Island. (p.644). AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kKuwanai) -
MARYLAND - Cecil County. (p. 642). A SCOLYTID (Xylosandrus
germanus) - VIRGINIA - Pittsylvania County. (p. 0
New County Records - ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus)
WEST VIRGINIA — Summers (p. 640). BLACK SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio
polyxenes asterius) SOUTH CAROLINA - Richland (p. 637). A COMB-
FOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus) MICHIGAN - Lake (p. 641).
EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) MICHIGAN - Wayne, Wexford
(p. 641). FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) MISSISSIPPI - Pontotoc
(p. 640). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OKLAHOMA - Coal,
Atoka, Choctaw, Johnston, Carter, Murray, Pontotoc, Love,
Canadian, Grady (p. 640). MOSQUITOES - MARYLAND - Aedes stimulans,
Garrett. CALIFORNIA - Psorophora signipennis, Inyo (p. 641).
POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) WASHINGTON - Benton (p. 637).
SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) MISSISSIPPI - Clay.
ALABAMA - Monroe (p. 643). A TORTRICID MOTH (Archips rosanus)
WASHINGTON - Chelan (p. 638). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica
virgifera) MICHIGAN - Van Buren. INDIANA - White (p.
CORRECTIONS
CEIR 22(35):573 -— GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA -
"Decreased to very low levels on corn." Should read "Decreased to
very low levels on sorghum." (PP). So far as known, corn is not
a host of S. graminum in South Dakota. (Jones). <
CEIR 22(36):599 - CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus)
should read HAIRY CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus hirtus).
- 643 -
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
New State Record - Six specimens of an ELATERID (Cardiophorus
stolatus) collected under loose bark or at bases of Kiawe trees
at Hickam Air Force Base, Oahu, by B. Kumashiro; 2 on June 21,
one on July 20, and 3 August 31. Biology of C. stolatus is
apparently unknown. Larvae of Cardiophorus spp. mostly predatory
and noneconomic, but larvae of a Cardiophorus sp. have been
reported destructive to corn in Illinois. Distribution includes
India, Ceylon, and Burma. Determined by E.C. Becker. (Kawamura).
General Vegetables - PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) and CORN
EARWORM (Heliothis zea) light in all stages of fruits in 0.75 acre
of sweet peppers at Koko Hend, Oahu. About 5-10 percent of fruits
infested with corn earworm larvae, less than 5 percent infested
with larvae and adults of pepper weevil. LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza |
spp.) light in lettuce fields at Koko Head; larval mines |
restricted to one or two older leaves per head. Adults trace, less
than one per head. (Kawamura).
Fruits and Nuts - Light to moderate colonies of COCONUT SCALE
(Aspidiotus destructor) infested 30-70 percent of pinnae on 40
percent of fronds of 100+ coconut trees at Hawaii Kai, Oahu.
Larvae and adults of several LADY BEETLES (Telsimia nitida,
Lindorus lophanthae, and Pseudoscymnus anomolus) moderate on
infested pinnae. P. anomolus introduced from Guam in February
1970 to aid in control of A. destructor. Subsequent releases made
in several areas on Oahu, including Hawaii Kai; last release at
this locale in August 1971. This is first recovery of P. anomolus
in State. (Kawamura). During past few months, some backyard and
commercial papaya plantings in Kona area of Hawaii found infested
with serious viral disease, papaya mosaic. Transmission attributed
primarily to GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae). Infected plants
in area will be rogued and destroyed to reduce probability of
spread to Puna, where most commercial plantings of papaya occur
in Hawaii. (Matayoshi).
Beneficial Insects - Field collected cowpea and snap bean petioles
on Kauai infested by Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) revealed
heavy parasitism of M. phaseoli by two BRACONID WASPS (Opius
importatus and O. phaseoli) and a PTEROMALID WASP (Halicoptera
patellana). Parasitism by Opius spp. 84 percent and by H. patellana
3 percent. (Sugawa). Field examination of Melastoma malabathricum
at various locations on Hawaii during August Showed infestation of
fruits and terminals by MELASTOMA BORER (Selca brunella) averaged
40 (ranged 29-51) percent. Each sample included 100 terminals or
fruits. (Matayoshi). Larvae and adults of a LADY BEETLE (Chilocorus
nigritus) collected while feeding on Saissetia nigra (a soft scale)
infesting bamboo plants at University of Hawaii campus, Oahu,
during June 1972. C. nigritus purposely introduced from Ceylon in
October 1958 and from Guam in August 1971. This is first recovery
of C. nigritus in Hawaii. (Tsuda).
- 644 -
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- 646 -
KHAPRA BEETLE
(Trogoderma granarium Everts)
Selected References
1947-1966
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and
‘Technical Support Staff.
icwar, M. S. 1957. A comparative study on the effectiveness of
certain chlorohydro-carbon mixtures against Trogoderma
granarium Everts., and other grain infesting insects in
| relation to ‘concentration X time' factors. Agr. Pakistan
8(2):171-182.
Anwar, M. S. 1961. Insecticidal value of pyrethrum powder in
| controlling progocerma khapra Arr., and other important pests
of stored grains. Agr. Pakistan 12(2) : 238-246.
“Armitage, H. M. 1955. Fumigation - eradication test on khapra
beetle. Down to Earth 10(4) :2-3.
Armitage, H. M. 1955. Khapra beetle suppression. A progress
report. Calif. Dept. Agr. Bul. 44:150-154.
Armitage, H. M. 1956. The khapra beetle Suppression program in the
United States and Mexico. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Proc. 4(10):
89-98. Pub. 1958.
Badawy, A. 1964. Some factors affecting the fecundity and
longevity of Trogoderma granarium granarium Everts.
(Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 48:281-290.
Pub. 1965.
Badawy, A. and Hassan, H. M. 1964. Studies on a natural infesta-
tion of the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium granarium
Everts, in stored wheat in the Sudan (Coleoptera:
Dermestidae). Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 48:273-280. Pub. 1965.
Bailey, S. W. 1958. The position of khapra beetle in Australia.
FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 6(5):72-73.
Balu, V. and Pingale, S. V. 1956. Recent developments in the
control of insect damage to stored grains in India. J. Sci.
and Indus. Res. 15A(9) :403-405.
Beal, R. S., Jr., and Spitler, G. H. 1959. Report on crossbreeding
experiments in Trogoderma (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). Ent.
Soc. Wash. Proc. 61(1):1-6.
Biological Sciences Branch and Plant Pest Control Branch. 1955.
A situation report. The khapra beetle. U.S. Agr. Marketing
Serv. and Agr. Res. Serv. ARS-22-17. 8 pp.
Bosque Bobadilla, R. Del. 1958. El problema del khapra en Mexico.
Chapingo 11(67/69) :65-75.
- 647 -
Burges, H. D. 1957. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma
granarium Everts. I. Identification and duration of the
developmental stages. Ent. Mon. Mag. 93(1116):105-110. |
Burges, H. D. 1959. Dormancy of the khapra beetle: quiescence or '
diapause. Nature 184(4700) :1741-1742.
Burges, H. D. 1959. Studies on the dermestid beetle, Trogoderma
granarium Everts. II. “he occurrence of diapause larvae at a |
constant temperature, and their behaviour. Bul. Ent. Res. |
50(2) :407-422.
Burges, H. D. 1959. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma
granarium Everts. III. Ecology in malt stores. Ann. Appl.
Biol. 47(3) :445-462.
Burges, H. D. 1960. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma
granarium Everts. IV. Feeding, growth, and respiration with
particular reference to diapause larvae. J. Insect Physiol. -
5(3/4) :317-334.
Burges, H. D. 1962. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma
granarium Everts. V.--Reactions of diapause larvae to temper-
ature. Bul. Ent. Res. 53(1):193-213.
Burges, H. D. 1963. Studies on the dermestid beetle Trogoderma
granarium Everts. VI.--Factors inducing diapause. Bul. Ent.
Res. 54(3) :571-587.
California Legislature Joint Interim Committee on Agricultural
and Livestock Problems. 1955. Special report on the khapra
beetle Trogoderma granarium. Sacramento. 106 pp.
Carncross, I. B. 1961. How we controlled khapra beetles in burlap-|
wrapped steel from Europe. Pest Control 29(10):46, 50-52.
Carney, G. C. 1959. Differential response of male and female
adults of Trogoderma granarium Everts towards sterilizing
doses of gamma-radiation. Nature (London) 183(4657) :338-339.
Chatterji, S. 1955. Relative resistance of some national pusa
varieties of wheat to Trogoderma granaria Everts. Indian J.
LoTR E NG (CiL)) SLA I7/ &
Chatterji, S. and Sarup, P. 1961. An unusual mode of egg-laying in!
Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae: Coleoptera), a pest!
of stored cereals. Cur. Sci. 30(6) :230-231. |
|
Chatterji, S., Srivastava, P. D., and Sarup, P. 1962. Qualitative |
studies on the free amino acid constituents of different |
stages and sexes of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Dermestidae:
Coleoptera). Calcutta Zool. Soc. Proc. 15(1):15-17.
|
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Cobb, R. D. 1956. The effects of methyl bromide fumigation on seed
germination. Assoc. Off. Seed Anal. Proc. 46:55-61.
Cotterel, G. C. 1950. The insect infestation of ground-nuts in
Kano and their control. Pyrethrum Post 2(1):279-293.
- 648 -
Cotton, R. T. 1954. Khapra beetle survey. U.S. Agr. Res. Ser.,
Plant Pest Control Branch. Oakland. 3 pp. Mimeo.
Cotton, R. T. 1954. The khapra beetle--a new threat to grain
handlers. Northwest. Miller (Milling Prod. Sect.) 252(11)
Sect. 2:6a-7a.
Cotton, R. T. 1955. A review of known information about the
khapra beetle. Nowest. Miller (Milling Prod. Sect.) 253(10):
3a-5a.
Cotton, R. T. 1955. What we are doing about the khapra beetle.
Ent. Soc. Amer. N. Cent. Br. Proc. 10:70-71.
Cotton, R. T. 1960. Let's kill the khapra beetle invader.
Northwest. Miller 264(8) :42-44.
Cyanagrams. 1955. The khapra beetle. Cyanagrams 4(6) :22-25.
Dahl, C. 1960. The khapra beetle. Houdini of the grain bins.
Co-op Grain Quart. 18(3):48-55.
Dal Monte, G. 1954. A new enemy in our granaries? Molini d'Italia
5(5) :198-201. In Ital.
Dal Monte, G. 1960. The danger of diffusion of Trogoderma
granarium Everts in Italy. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Trans., llth
Cong., v.2(sect. 7/14):313-316. In Ital. Pub. 1962.
Das, G. M. 1956. Insects found inside tea chests on arrival in the
U.K. Two and a Bud 3(2):10-11.
Davatchi, A., Zahedi, K., and Mirchah-Valad, E. 1955. The effect
of some new insecticides on Sitophilus (Calandra) granaria
L., and Trogoderma granarium Everts. Tehran Univ. Appl. Ent.
Bul. 6. 22 pp.
Deuse, J. 1966. Report on the discovery of several foci of
infestation by Trogoderma granarium in Senegal and on the
provisional measures taken to combat this pest. Report of a
mission 30th June-5th October 1966. Paris, Inst. Rech. Agron.
Trop. 28 pp. In Fr.
Duerden, J. C. 1955. Infestation of undecorticated groundnuts by
Trogoderma granarium Everts. Colon. Plant and Anim. Prod.
5(3) : 208-210.
Baber, W. 1953). Der khaprakafer, ein fur Osterreich neuer
vorratsschadling. Pflanzenarzt 6(11):1-2.
Girish, G. K. 1966. Sexual difference in pupae of T. granarium to
certain fumigants. Ann. Epiphyt. 17(4):437-440. In Fr., Engl.
Sum.
Harper, R. W. 1955. Khapra beetle and Mexican fruit fly. Insect
problems new to California. Calif. Dept. Agr. Bul. 44:17-28.
- 649 -
Hayward, L. A. W. 1954. The field fumigation of groundnuts in
bulk. J. Sci. Food and Agr. 5(4):192-194. 7
Hayward, L. A. W. 1955. Losses associated with groundnuts infested —
with Trogoderma granarium Everts. J. Sci. Food and Agr. 6(6):
337-340. |
Henderson, L. S. 1955. The khapra beetle--current status. Chem.
Spec. Mfr. Assoc. Proc. Mid-Year Mtg. 41:127-128. : f
Howe, R. W. 1956. A theoretical evaluation of the potential range
and importance of Trogoderma granarium Everts in North
America (Col. Dermestidae). Internatl. Cong. Ent. Proc.
4(10):23-28. Pub. 1958.
Hoyt, A. S. 1955. The khapra beetle can be liquidated. Northwest.
Miller 254(16):16, 21.
Khalifa, A. 1960. On open-air and underground grain storage in the’
Sudan. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte Bul. 53(44) :129-142.
Khalifa, A. 1962. The relative susceptibility of some varieties of
sorghum to Trogoderma attack. Empire J. Expt. Agr. 30(118):
132-136.
Khalifa, A. and Badawy, A. 1960. The systematics of Trogoderma
afrum Priesner and T. granarium Everts (Coleoptera:
Dermestidae). Roy. Ent. Soc. London Proc. Ser. B, Taxonomy
29(11/12) :145-152.
Khalifa, A. and Badawy, A. 1961. The identity of the Trogoderma
of the Sudan. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte Bul. 45:245-249,
Khalifa, A. and Badawy, A. 1961. Food preference of Trogoderma
granarium granarium Everts, Trogoderma granarium afrum
Priesner and Trogoderma irroratum Reitter and the effect of
diet on their biology (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Soc. Ent.
d'Egypte Bul. 45:251-261.
Latif, A. and Khan, A. W. 1952. Is gammexane dust effective
against Trogoderma khapra Arr.? Pakistan Sci. Conf. Proc.
4(3):74-75. (Abs.).
Lester, L. 1955. Commissioners hear khapra beetle problem. Calif.
Farmer, South. Ed. 202(1):44.
Lindgren, D. L. 1955. Watch for the khapra beetle in stored foods.
Calif. Univ. Agr. Ext. Leaf. 51. 8p.-folder.
Lindgren, D. L., Vincent, L. E., and Krohne, H. E. 1955. The
khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. Hilgardia 24(1):
1-36.
Lindgren, D. L., Vincent, L. E., and Krohne, H. E. 1954. Khapra
beetle in California. Eastern hemisphere insect destructive
to stored grain, cereal products and foodstuffs established
in ‘state. Calats Agr: S97. 15:
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Lindgren, D. L., Vincent, L. E., and Krohne, H. E. 1955. Khapra
beetle control studies. Preliminary results of tests with
fumigants and dust give promise of effective treatments
against destructive pest. Calif. Agr. 9(3):8-9.
MacGregor Loaeza, R. 1959. Trabajos y resultados logrados contra
el gorgojo khapra Trogoderma granarium Everts en Guadalajara,
Sale hi toLiloy 12(23)ioan2e
Markin, A. K. and Kucherova, S. G. 1962. Khapra beetle. Zashch.
Rast. ot Vred. i Boleznei 11:54-55. In Rus.
‘Menon, M. G. R. and Sarup, P. 1958. A unique instance of an
antennal freak in Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera:
Dermestidae). Indian J. Ent. 20(1) :67-68.
Mexico Direccion General De Defensa Agricola Oficina De Entomo-
logia. 1955. Plaga de granos almacenados. Gorgojo de khapra
(Trogoderma granarium Everts). Fitofilo 8(9):66-70.
Monte, G. D. 1955. The adventurous march of the Trogoderma in the
world. Molini d'Italia 6(6):248-250. In Ital.
Narayanan, E. S. and Bhambhani, H. J. 1956. Effect of reduced
pressure on Tribolium castaneum Herbst. (Tenebrionidae:
Coleoptera) and Trogoderma granaria Everts (Dermestidae:
Coleoptera). Indian J. Ent. 18(2):196-198.
Nielson, M. W. 1958. An early record of the khapra beetle in
Arizona. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34(1):44.
Norato, G. 1956/1957. Report on two parasites of grain recently
introduced into Sicily. Palermo Univ. Ist. di Ent. Agr. Bol.
2(8) :245-249. In Ital.
‘Padget, L. J. 1954. Report to the Western Plant Board on the
detection survey for khapra beetle in the Western States.
U.S. Agr. Res. Serv., Plant Pest Control Branch. Oakland.
7 pp. Mimeo.
Pant, N. C. 1953. Nutritional requirements of Trogoderma granaria
Everts. (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). Cur. Sci. 22(12) :379-380.
Pant, N. C. 1956. Nutritional studies on Trogoderma granarium
Everts. Basic food and vitamin requirements. Indian J. Ent.
18(3) :259-266.
famine CG. Nayar, J. K., and Gupta, P. 1958: On the signafi-—
cance of amino acids in the larval development of khapra-
beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. (Coleoptera:
Dermestidae). Experientia 14(5):176-177.
‘Pant, N. C. and Pant, J. C. 1960. Nutritional studies on Trogo-
|
ij
derma granarium Everts. IV. Further studies on vitamin
requirements of larvae grown on different casein Samples.
Indian J. Ent. 22(2):115-120.
- 651 -
Pant, N. C. and Uberoi, N. K. 1958. On the carbohydrate utili- i]
zation by the larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts. 4
(Dermestidae: Coleoptera). Experientia 14(2) :71-72. |
Plant Pest Control Branch. 1954. Khapra beetle (Trogoderma
granarium). U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. 2 pp.
Plant Pest Control Division. 1961. The khapra beetle. A pest of
stored grains and cereal products. U.S. Dept. Agr. PA-436.
8p.-folder.
Pradhan, S. and Sarup, P. 1960. Relative toxicity of insecticidal
films to adults of Trogoderma granarium Everts., Oryzaephilus|
Surinamensis Linn. & Laemophloeus minutus Oliv. 19C(6):135- |
SOR
Pradhan, S. and Sharma, G. C. 1956. Control of khapra (Trogoderma
granarium Everts). Cur. Sci. 25(1):22. |
Price, M. D. 1948. The khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts),
Inst. Brewing J. 54(4):213-217. .
Discussion pp. 217-218
Reynolds, E. M. and Sylvester, N. K. 1961. The inheritance of a
pearl-eyed mutation of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Col.,
Dermestidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 97(1169/1171) : 221-224.
Rossi, L. 1958. They have come from the Orient to eat our grain.
Selez. di Tec. Molitoria 9(7):116-120. In Ital.
Shantaram, H. 1957. The extension of larval duration in Trogoderma
granarium, Everts after DDT treatment. Natl. Inst. Sci. India)
Proc. 23(5/6, pt. B):145-151.
Shantaram, H. 1958. Effect of insecticides on the oviposition of
survivors of Trogoderma granarium, Everts. (Dermestidae,
Coleoptera)... daub Elles ecinm LG) al a4e
Sharifi, S-D. 1958. Contributions to the biology of Trogoderma
granarium. Summary and conclusions of my unpublished thesis: |
Etude biologique et ecologique de Trogoderma granarium Everts
(Coleoptera-Dermestidae): Dermeste des grains, khapra beetle.
Stat. Skadedyrlab. Arsberet. Ann. Rpt. 1955/1956. pp. 64-68. |
Denmark.
Bul. 5(5):75-77.
Shulov, A. 1955. A contribution to the ecology of Trogoderma
granaria Everts. Indian Acad. Sci. Proc. Sect. Bul. 42:1-13.
Shepherd, D. R. 1957. Khapra beetle eradication. FAO Plant Protect
Shulov, A. S. 1966. Influence of environmental conditions on
population dynamics of the khapra beetle; final technical
report. Jerusalem, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 195 pp.
VIII. Effect of constant light and darkness on the develop-
ment and reproduction of and amount of food consumed by |
Sohi, G. S. 1947. Studies on stored grain pests in the Punjab-—- |
Trogoderma granarium Everts. Indian J. Ent. 9(2) :143-147.
SOAS US eee
- 652 -
Stanford, C. L. 1956. The khapra beetle. U.S.D.A. acts to control
new grain destroyer. Cereal Sci. Today 1(4):134-135.
Stored-Product Insects Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service.
1960. A summary of information about the khapra beetle. U.S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Marketing Serv. AMS-390. 11 pp.
\Stored-Product Insects Section, Agricultural Marketing Service.
1956. Manual of approved treatment procedures to be used
under the khapra beetle quarantine. Agr. Marketing Serv.,
U.S. Dept. Agr. 12 pp.
Strong, R. G. and Okumura, G. T. 1966. Trogoderma Species found in
California; distribution, relative abundance, and food habits.
Calif. Dept. Agr. Bul. 55(1):23-30. Map.
‘Swaine, G. and Mutter, N. E. S. 1961. Trogoderma. Tanganyika Dept.
Agr. Bul. 7. 4 pp.
‘Thomas, P. M., Cameron, S., and Bhardwaj, G. N. 1959. Khapra.
| Allahabad Farmer 33(5) :398-401.
U.S. Agricultural Marketing Service. 1955. Have you seen this in
your grain. U.S. Dept. Agr. PA-261. 4 pp.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Information. 1960.
Khapra beetle threatens Nation's stored grain and seed. U.S.
Dept. Agr., Office of Information Picture Story 126. 4 pp.
Ward, A. 1965. The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium and two
other species of Trogoderma (Coleoptera; DermeStidae) inter-
cepted entering New Zealand. N.Z. Ent. 3(4):39-41.
Whellan, J. A. 1956. A grain pest new to Rhodesia. Rhodesia Agr.
J. 53(1):41-50.
| U.S. Dept. Agr.
‘Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
‘Technical Support Staff 22 (38) :647-653, 1972
- 653 -
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 18
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Highs were conspicuous on the weather map early in|
the week. One High was centered over the northern Great Plains, |
another High covered the eastern third of the Nation. A slow moving|
front stretched from a Low centered in the vicinity of Hudson Bay |
across Lake Superior to the central Great Plains and westward to
another Low centered in northern Utah. Scattered showers and
thunderstorms, some heavy, rumbled in the vicinity of the front.
Especially heavy rains fell in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa.
Storm totals exceeding 5 inches were common in that area; some
localities received more than 10 inches Sunday evening and early
Monday. One of the largest totals that has come to our attention
was 21 inches at Earling, Iowa, about 40 miles northeast of Omaha, |
Nebraska. Continued heavy rains in Shelby County, Iowa, caused
record river stages along the west and east forks of the Nishna- - |
botna River. Heavy rains in Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri
caused important rises on the main stem of the Missouri River.
Although the heaviest thundershowers occurred in the Nebraska and
Iowa vicinity, heavy showers occurred elsewhere along the front
which, by midweek, stretched from the Texas Panhandle to New
England. Heavy rains swelled creeks and rivers in Iowa, southeastey
Minnesota, and northern Illinois. Hail as large as baseballs fell
in the Sidney, Iowa, vicinity early Wednesday evening. Much of
the rain which occurred late in the week fell on saturated soil
where it was not needed. As the weekend approached, a slow moving
front was approaching the gulf and southern Atlantic coast. Rain
was sparse and sunny skies prevailed over most of the Nation.
Generous rains fell over the weekend in the Deep South. Lighter
showers occurred from Wisconsin to Pennsylvania.
TEMPERATURE: Early in the week a High centered over the northern
Great Plains dropped early morning temperatures into the 40's from)
Montana to Upper Michigan and held afternoon temperatures in the
60's and 70's in the vicinity of the Great Lakes. Another High
was spread over the eastern third of the Nation. It brought warn,
humid air to that area. Afternoon temperatures in the tropical
air ranged mostly in the 80's and 90's. A slow moving cold front
marked the battle line of cold and warm air masses. Cold air
pushed the front southward and eastward and as the weekend
approached, comfortable weather prevailed over most of the Nation. |
Afternoon temperatures reached 100 degrees on some days in the
desert Southwest. Buckeye, California, registered 105 degrees
Thursday afternoon. Temperatures dropped to 32 degrees or lower
at some mountain stations in the West on 1 or 2 mornings. Big
Piney, Wyoming, recorded 15 degrees Thursday morning, Bondurant, ~—
Wyoming, registered 12 degrees. Pleasant, sunny weather continued
over the weekend over most of the Nation. Maximums ranged from
near 60 degrees along the Canadian border to the 90's along the
Gulf of Mexico. Afternoon temperatures reached the 90's over the
central Great Plains on Saturday and Sunday -- 97 degrees at Omaha’
Nebraska, Sunday. The Deep South was equally as warm but higher
humidity made the air feel "sticky." In general, weekly mean
temperatures averaged cooler than normal west of the Rocky
Mountains and warmer than normal east of the Rockies. Parts of the4
central Great Plains averaged 6 to 8 degrees warmer than normal. }
- 654 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300
0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 OOO01
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR-
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
VOL. 22 No. 39 September 29, 1972
SB
mee. .
e777 En.
Cooperative
Economic
|
Insect Report
_ Issued by
_ PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 September 29, 1972 Number 39
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
CORN EARWORM, in combination with other noctuids, damaged several
thousand acres of soybeans and several hundred acres of field
peas in Alabama. GREENBUG heavy on winter wheat in south-central
South Dakota. (p. 657).
BOLL WEEVIL infestation in southern Georgia lowest for this date
in several years. BANDEDWING WHITEFLY still threat to green
cotton in area of Mississippi. (pp. 660, 661).
WALNUT CATERPILLAR , HICKORY SHUCKWORM, and BLACK PECAN APHID
problem on pecans in south-central Texas. (p. 662).
WHITE FIR NEEDLEMINER heavy on 10,000 acres of white fir on
Apache National Forest in Arizona. (p. 662).
STABLE FLY heavy on cattle in several areas of Wisconsin.
(p. 663).
Prediction
GRASSHOPPERS pose potential threat on more than 6,000,000 acres
of rangeland in several Western States. (pp. 664-665).
Detection
For new county records see page 665.
Special Reports
Alfalfa Weevil. Selected References 1970-1971. (pp. 670-674).
Reports jn this issue are for week ending September 22 unless
otherwise indicated.
- 655 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects) of Regional |Silemik tamer oa erent ete) ial eteis alee 657
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....698 Beans and PeasS.......22 2... 661
Smadlills “Gis asain Swe, seeney love orstoweem stele 6 659). Cole :CrODS bec xc ces ease epee oo
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...659 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .662
Forage Legumes............ + 659 peSmakl: yr ual tsis aaa eee . -662
SOWA 46 boon Sooo gd0ob 0008 -660 Forest and Shade Trees..... 662
COUUCM 66 gan c00400cb0COdd00004 660) Man and Analmadlsi) nee 663
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.661 Stored Products............ 664
Benet te aa, TIniSSCES\s <clevele ss) cites lis eusi citel alte) s)es sy ct ie) oue) ereiioy ete) lei: iok ht eee tena 664
Federal and State Pillanit Protection Procramse eels cen nein enn 664
DeteGGalon! yee cinch eae ONO Leen IIG Oho EOE oy Peaster GS BToNG a Gc 0 G60 0 0 c ay arrangers 665
(COVEIPSCTLOMS 54 dooueedooubo ce ooo cdcoone oO Ode dAdo OOS a: sie! lgeheontatene ++ «060 Wl
Hawaii Insect Report..... subietaneboue Gxone euaitedieleife clade togsian heten sl cgememet nt acme neaeane .666
Layering. Seay COLIGCEUOMS > oooccconodouKdeN vs ts\o: a: 5: suet Araneten sleuenemea mem «eas OOK
Alfalfa Weeval. Selected References) POMO=U9 7 Wey ache ec eeiencuecnonenatenene 669
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 25
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Widely scattered thunderstorms occurred in the
humid tropical air that streamed northward in the warm sector of
the storm which was centered in southern Manitoba. Thunderstorms
also occurred along fronts associated with storm. Torrential rains
fell in northern Ohio Sunday night and early morning September 18.
A storm in the Pacific Northwest brought rain to the coastal areas,
nearby hills, and snow in the higher Cascades. Stampede Pass,
Washington, measured 5 inches of snow on the ground Wednesday
morning. A long band of thunder storms marked the advance of the
strong cold front Wednesday forenoon. A front at the time reached
from Lake Superior to the Texas Panhandle and was moving south—-
eastward. Heavy rains, about 5 inches, drenched Duluth, Minnesota,
causing local flooding. Hail and high winds occurred in Wisconsin
and Minnesota. A large High pushed into the northern Great Plains
shortly after midweek ending the rainy weather in that area.
However, as the leading edge of the cold air migrated southeast-
ward, it set off other thunderstorms. Heavy rains caused a light
overflow of Rock River in northern Illinois Thursday. In the Texas
Big Bend area, heavy rains caused the Rio Grande to rise above
flood level. While a band of thunderstorms moved across the Great
Plains, other air mass thunderstorms dotted the Deep South in hot
sultry air that covered that region. Light to moderate showers fell
from the Great Lakes to eastern Texas over the weekend. Weekly
totals exceeded 5 inches in the extreme Northwest where the rainy
season has definitely begun. Generous totals also occurred in
northern Mississippi, nearby portions of neighboring States, and
extreme southern Florida. The driest spots included California,
southern New Mexico, southern Georgia, central and northeastern
Wyoming, and western and central South Dakota.
Weather of the week continued on page 674.
- 656 -
'
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ILLINOIS - Infestations in corn
ear tips in east-southeast and southeast districts ranged 0-10
(averaged 5) percent. Ranged 0-20 (averaged 8) percent in south-
west and west-southwest districts. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS -
Larvae, mostly late instars, averaged 1.2 per head in soft dough
stage sorghum in Linn County field; none seen in second field.
None found in Miami County field; trace in one Johnson County
field; second and third instars infested 5 percent of heads in
Atchison County field; trace found in 2 fields each in Brown and
Jackson Counties. Recent blacklight trap catches showed significant
moth flights in Brown, Barton, and Finney Counties. (Bell).
OKLAHOMA - Still present in several Payne County crops. Averaged
1 per 3 heads in grain sorghum, 2 per plant in peanuts, and light
mimlonavoha (Okla. Coop. Suz. )).
MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 1.5 per row foot in 80 acres of grain
sorghum in Yalobusha County. (Sartor). ALABAMA - H. zea,
Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar), and Pseudoplusia
includens (soybean looper) damaged several thousand acres of
soybeans in Baldwin and Mobile Counties. Heavy in several fields
in Covington County. Two H. zea specimens taken in Talladega
County where 15 spot surveys made. Occasional P. includens larva
seen with fungus disease. (Turner et al.). H. zea and
Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) damaged several hundred acres of
commercial field peas in Geneva County. (Reynolds). VIRGINIA -
H. zea moth collections in Accomack and Northampton Counties not
high but consistent; about 10 per night taken past 7 days. Some
small larvae observed in Soybeans; Several growers advised to
treat. (Hofmaster). Very light in Middlesex County. (Edwards).
MARYLAND - H. zea larvae caused light damage to 60 acres of
soybeans near Hurlock, Dorchester County, and Hebron, Wicomico
County. Damaged pods ranged 3-5 per 20 row feet. Other fields on
Eastern Shore remain below this damage level. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DELAWARE - Adults averaged 24 per night in blacklight trap
collections for 5 locations in Sussex County. Infestations in
untreated late season sweet corn averaged nearly 100 percent in
this area. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Very heavy on all
stages of winter wheat in Tripp and Lyman Counties. Averaged
2,250 per 3 linear row feet in untreated winter wheat field south
of Kennebec, Lyman County. Winter wheat just emerged from ground
reported killed by feeding damage below soil surface. (Jones).
KANSAS - Trace in volunteer wheat in Rice and Barton Counties,
and in seeded wheat in Stafford County. (Bell). OKLAHOMA -
Occasional specimens seen in seedling wheat in Major and Garfield
Counties and in volunteer wheat in Woods County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
WASHINGTON - Light on small plantings of sorghum and Sudan grass
in Franklin and Benton Counties in late August. Scattered
colonies on earliest planted wheat now present in same areas.
(Klostermeyer).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEBRASKA - Light
in four seedling alfalfa fields in Dawson and Keith Counties.
Ranged up to 20 per 20 sweeps in one field, negligible in 15 other
established alfalfa fields. (Manglitz, Keith). NORTH DAKOTA -
Adults collected from alfalfa at rate of 4 per 100 sweeps in
Dunn County. This is a new county record. (Brandvik).
- 657 -
TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - MISSISSIPPI - Eggs
averaged 7 per terminal in 20 acres of pigeon peas (experimental
cover crop) in Perry County. (Sartor).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Second-instar
to full-grown larvae infested 95 percent of stalks in field of
late sorghum in Linn County; population mixture of second and
third generation. None found in second field of more mature
sorghum, Trace third-generation infestation noted in sorghum
field in Miami County; 15 percent of plants infested in Johnson
County field (mostly third generation). Trace infestations found
in sorghum in Brown, Atchison, and Jackson Counties. Also taken
in Wallace and Gove Counties. Collected and determined by M.
Shuman. These are new county records. (Bell). MINNESOTA - Second
generation light in south-central and southeast districts. Plants
with feeding damage averaged 53.6 percent; borers per 100 plants
averaged 20.4. Most borers in fourth instar. Infestations found
in ear tips. Very few shank infestations noted; this contrasts
sharply from second generation of 1971. (Minn. Pest Rpt.),
ILLINOIS - Populations of O. nubilalis in field corn seem lighter
than normal in 12 counties in southern third of State; 90 percent
fifth instar. (111. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Adults decreased in
blacklight trap collections, averaged 5 per night for 5 locations
in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). NORTH CAROLINA - Reduced
yields of late corn in conjunction with low soil moisture. Up to
13 larvae per stalk seen in Robeson County. Lodging became serious
problem in some heavily infested fields; however, generally below
5 percent of stalks infested. Harvest underway throughout Coastal
Plain and Piedmont. (Hunt).
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) -— ILLINOIS -
Occasional infestations in field corn found in Saline, Alexander,
and Pulaski Counties. Alexander County field averaged nearly 65
percent of plants infested; many toppled to ground. (111. Ins.
Rpt.). ALABAMA - Damage moderate in 20-acre cornfield in Limestone
County; damage heavy in several fields in Blount County. Last-
generation larvae girdled stalks just above ground; toppled to
ground. (Patterson, Loyd).
SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KENTUCKY - Larvae averaged
5 per head on late planted grain sorghum in Butler County.
(Barnett, Raney).
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - IDAHO - D. virgifera (western
corn rootworm) continued eee on mature corn in Franklin
County. (Sandvol). WISCONSIN - Specimen of D. virgifera taken
from corn in Barron County. Determined by R.E. White. This is a
new county record. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - D.
undecimpunctata howardi (southern corn rootworm) caused heaviest
damage to peanuts in Halifax and Northampton Counties. Damage
completed. Little reduction in Joss to be achieved by treating
this late. (Hunt).
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - KANSAS - Adults ranged
2-10 per blooming head in late sorghum in Allen and Linn Counties;
up to 50 per head in one field in Miami County. Trace numbers
seen on blooming sorghum in one field each in Johnson and
- 658 -
Atchison Counties. Adults averaged 3-4 per blooming head on
Johnson grass in Allen County. (Bell). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 10
per head in one grain sorghum field in Oktibbeha County.
(Robinson).
SMALL GRAINS
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in
seedling wheat in Payne, Noble, Kay, and Jackson Counties.
Damaged wheat in Tulsa County. Larvae ranged first to third
instar in Kay County and first to fifth instar in Payne County.
Light in Grant, Garfield, and Woodward Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sui.) .
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis) - TEXAS - Still problem
in some lawns throughout Coastal Bend area and in Brazos and
Burleson Counties. Some controls applied. (Cole, Green).
CALIFORNIA - Infested Saint Augustine grass lawn at Stockton,
San Joaquin County. Collected by C. Witherspoon and L. Hawkins.
Determined by A. Hardy. This is a new county record. Pest now
occurs in Orange, Los Angeles, Riverside, Sacramento, and San
Joaquin Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Larvae damaged
several fields of grass hay in Washington County. (Estes).
WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - UTAH - Very
heavy in Chrysothamnus (rabbitbrush) blossoms in Snowville area
of Box Elder County, and in Logan, Green, and Box Elder Canyons
of Cache County. (Knowlton).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NORTH DAKOTA - Half-grown larvae
averaged 8 per 100 sweeps in third-crop, irrigated alfalfa in
McKenzie County. Adults averaged 56 per 100 sweeps in same fields.
(Brandvik). NEBRASKA - Eleven adults and 17 larvae per 100 sweeps
taken in 16 Dawson County alfalfa fields. (Manglitz, Keith).
WISCONSIN - Specimens taken from alfalfa during late June in
Pierce, Chippewa, Dunn, Eau Claire, Polk, Barron, and St. Croix
Counties. Determined by R.E. Warner. These are new county records.
WES sinse, sux.) .
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) —- NEBRASKA - Ranged 2-20 per 20
sweeps in 16 Dawson County alfalfa fields. (Manglitz, Keith).
ALFALFA LEAF BLOTCH-MINER (Agromyza frontella) - MASSACHUSETTS -
Infestations in a mature untreated Berkshire County alfalfa field
dropped from 16 percent to 5 percent in 14 days. Most mines in
lower, older leaflets. (Jensen).
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) —- NEW MEXICO - Heavy adult
flights seen on alfalfa in northern Eddy County around Artesia.
CeMeCoop., Rpt.) .
= G68) =
SOYBEANS
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults and
larvae caused moderate to heavy defoliation (30-60 percent) in
several hundred acres in Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester
Counties. Damage considered noneconomic as most beans filled
before defoliation became moderate. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VIRGINIA - Built up in Middlesex County on late and early soy-
beans; many fields sprayed. (Edwards).
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in
Wagoner County soybeans. (OKla. Coop. Sur.).
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) -—- MISSISSIPPI - Ranged light to
heavy in 2,000 acres in Issaquena County; light in 850 acres in
Clay County. (Robinson). OKLAHOMA - Damaged soybeans in Wagoner
Couniiiva. (Oklan (Coop. .SUER):.
SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - KENTUCKY - Averaged
42 per 360 row feet in Henderson County. (Barnett, Raney).
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Punctured square
counts ranged 0-21 percent in south-western area, adults common
in blooms. Counts ranged 1-26 percent in Muskogee County; still
averaged 100 percent in remaining squares in Caddo and Washita
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Weevils active in fields on
east side of St. Lawrence area, Glasscock County. Punctured
squares ranged 10-15 percent. No weevil activity detected on north
side of St. Lawrence area. Producers in northern Glasscock County
and east of Garden City plan to initiate diapause control program.
(Neeb). GEORGIA - Infestation lowest for this date in several
years in southern area. (Womack).
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ARKANSAS - H. virescens heavy in
extreme southeast area since early August. Moths appeared on
sugar line in Jackson County in early September. Heliothis spp.
moth flight very heavy in Jackson County September 15 and 19.
None to very few moths observed On sugar lines in Mississippi
County all season in extreme northeast area. Heliothis spp.
larvae appeared in late cotton in this area. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA -
Counts of Heliothis spp. damaged squares ranged O-12 percent in
southwestern area, 14 percent in Caddo and Washita Counties.
Damaged boll counts ranged 1-20 percent in Wagoner, Muskogee,
and Bryan Counties. Eggs and small larvae still common in
terminals in most areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TEXAS - H. zea ranged moderate to heavy across cotton area. Damage
5-20 percent in El1,Paso County. Pecos and Reeves Counties report
heavy egg pressure, 5-25 larvae per 100 plants, and 4-20 percent
damage to squares and bolls. Heavy activity across Glasscock
County, 10-20 percent damaged fruit. Midland, Martin, Upton, and
Reagan Counties report 15-50 eggs per 100 plant terminals, 3-15
larvae per 100 plants, and 5-25 percent damaged squares and bolls.
(Neeb). MISSISSIPPI - Heliothis spp. infestations ranged 0-8
percent in 500 acres in Issaquena County; eggs 60 percent and
larvae 3 percent in 100 acres in Lowndes County. (Robinson).
GEORGIA - Egg laying and infestations decreased in southern
area. (Womack).
- 660 -
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ALABAMA - Larvae moved further
north in State in heavier numbers than in over 10 years. Present
in most cotton, but damage questionable. Virus condition in
larvae apparently exerted less control than in most years.
(McQueen).
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - MISSISSIPPI - Light to heavy
in 500 acres of cotton in ISsaquena County; 16 larvae recovered
from 1 white bloom. (Robinson).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - MISSISSIPPI -
Moderate to heavy in 1,000 acres in ISsaquena County; still
threat in Coahoma County green cotton. (Robinson).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.).- MARYLAND - Increased in late
season tomatoes. Damaged about 10 percent of fruit in most fields
contaminated with eggs and larvae. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
BEANS AND PEAS
SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) - TENNESSEE - Immatures
infested snap beans in Crossville area, Cumberland County. Will
cause beans to be rejected at processing plant. (Mullett,
Burgess).
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - KENTUCKY - Second and third-
instar larvae in scattered "hot spots" damaged 525 acres of snap
beans in Wayne County. (Barnett, Gregory).
COLE CROPS
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in 25
acres of greens and collards in Leake County. Some plants killed.
(Robinson).
CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) - ALABAMA - Larval feeding
destroyed collards on 20-acre commercial planting in Jefferson
County. (Smith).
- 661 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - MISSISSIPPI - Caused
partial defoliation of hickory in Winston County. (Robinson).
TEXAS - Heavy on pecans in eastern and south-central areas.
Second-generation larvae defoliated most pecan trees in Liberty
County during early September. Almost daily showers in Liberty
County and other surrounding eastern counties hampered control.
Infestations seen in Guadalupe, Gonzales, De Witt, Goliad, and
Victoria Counties. (Tiller, Cole). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Bryan and
Pontotoc Counties; averaged about 1 colony per 5 trees in Payne
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Heavy infestations
defoliated pecans in Crockett, Ward, and Winkler Counties of
Trans-Pecos area. Some infestations in far western areas
resulted in complete webbing of trees. Increased infestations
damaged pecans in Brazos County. (Neeb, Green).
HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Damage appeared
aS pecans matured throughout most south-central areas. Infested
counties include Guadalupe, Gonzales, De Witt, Goliad, and
Victoria. (Cole).
PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Adult emergence
decreased in Payne County; still emerging in Tulsa County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).
BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Damaged
pecans in Gonzales, De Witt, and Victoria Counties. (Cole.
ALABAMA - This species and Monellia spp. (yellow aphids) built up
to damaging populations on commercial pecan trees in Elmore,
Lowndes, Lee, Baldwin, Bullock, Washington, and Covington Counties.
(Morris et al.).
BLACKMARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - MISSISSIPPI - Controls
applied on pecans in Coahoma County. (Robinson).
SMALL FRUITS
GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) - OHIO - Second-generation
larvae found in untreated or improperly treated vineyards. Eggs
and all larval stages found in Lake County September 8; only
parasitized eggs found 14 days later. No second-brood buildup
found in adequately treated vineyards. (Still).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
WHITE FIR NEEDLEMINER (Epinotia meritana) - ARIZONA - Caused heavy
defoliation on 10,000 acres of white fir on Apache National Forest
30 miles south of Springerville, Apache County. Estimated 50 per-
cent of needles mined. (Ariz. Coop. Rpt.).
A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina pellucidaria) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae
moderate on pines in southeastern part of State. (Mankowski).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - OHIO - Statewide survey showed
heaviest infestations in eastern part of State where serious
- 662 -
defoliation occurred in many east-central and northeastern coun-
ties. In western areas, infestation generally light. Defoliation
of no major concern except in some small isolated areas. (Fox).
NEW MEXICO - Heavy on cottonwood, mulberry, poplar, and other
species of shade trees in southern areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.).
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - ARKANSAS -
Heavy populations did not develop in 1972 as during past two
years. Species apparently returned to more normal pattern.
(Boyer). MISSOURI - Ornamental oaks defoliated in spots around
cities in southeast area. Light feeding seen on wild oaks.
(Munson).
MAPLE LEAFCUTTER (Paraclemensia acerifoliella) - NEW HAMPSHIRE -
Damaged sugar maples on estimated 50 acres in Sullivan County.
(Mason, Morse).
MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) - OKLAHOMA - Light on
mimosa in Morrison, Noble County. This is a new county record.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - MICHIGAN - Larvae
locally heavy on individual specimen trees in Calhoun and
Kalamazoo Counties. (Sauer).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,669 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period September 10-16
as follows: Texas 4,200; New Mexico 159; Arizona 201; Oklahoma
109. Total of 1,247 confirmed cases reported in Mexico. Number
of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled 171,626,000
as follows: Texas 150,148,000; New Mexico 5,140,000; Arizona
15,688,000; California 650,000. Total of 28,220,000 sterile
flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - KENTUCKY - Adult average per animal
on mixed breeds of cattle by county: Jessamine 10.8, Fayette
15.0, Bourbon 7.5 and Scott (one location) 18.5. (Barnett).
ILLINOIS - Averaged 5.6 per animal on untreated pastured beef
and dairy cattle in northern area. (111. Ins. Rpt.).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 22.4 per
animal on untreated pastured beef and dairy cattle in northern
area. Unusually heavy; summer populations ranged 6-10 per animal.
(Ill. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Moderate to heavy on cattle in
Chippewa, Columbia, Rock, Wood, Walworth, and Bayfield Counties.
(Wis. Ins. Sur.). aN
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Ranged 75-100 per
cow in Issaquena County, 1,000+ on 15 head in Monroe County
(Robinson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300 per head on cattle in Payne
County. Heavy in Craig and Pontotoc Counties, moderate to heavy
in Woodward County, and moderate in Pamnee County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 28 per animal on untreated pastured
beef and dairy cattle in northern area. (IW. Ins. Rpt.).
MOSQUITOES - OHIO - Aedes vexans and Culex p. pipiens annoying in
various areas throughout northern section. Potential for continued
= (58)
breeding extremely favorable due to heavy rains. Annoyance by
adult mosquitoes emerging from flooded areas will depend on favor-
able temperatures at dusk. (Rings). WISCONSIN - Mosquito popula-
tions heaviest ever. Heavy rainfall added to existing problem of
standing water in low areas. Expected to remain major nuisance
until freezing weather. Annoyance to humans and cattle heavy in
all areas. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Aedes vexans still domi-
nant species in light trap and bite collections in Metropolitan
Mosquito Control District; accounted for 80 and 40 percent, respec-—
tively, of catches. Culex p. pipiens, C. restuans, C. salinarius,
C. tarsalis, and C. territans present in small numbers in trap
collections. Two egg samples from Ramsey County showed 93 percent
diapause when submersed in laboratory. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
UTAH - Mosquitoes, mainly A. dorsalis, very heavy and annoying
from Locomotive Springs north through Curlew and Hansel Valleys,
past Snowville in Box Elder County. Annoying also in Cache and
Davis Counties. Mosquitoes annoying horses near Collinston, Box
Elder County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in Sacramento,
Sacramento County, and adjacent areas. Draining of rice paddies
in rice-growing areas resulted in heavy populations. (Cal. Coop.
Rote
BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - NEVADA - Heavy in Las
Vegas area, Clark County, with much treating underway. (Zoller).
STORED PRODUCTS
INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - OHIO - Moderate to
heavy in bin of wheat in Pickaway County elevator. Considered
most troublesome of grain infesting moths. (Fox, September 15).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Total of
20,000 specimens of this egg parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy
moth) released in Horry County where male moths trapped earlier
this season. (McKee).
LADY BEETLES - COLORADO - Various species heavy in Pueblo County
alfalfa fields. (Colo. Ins. Sur.)
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Survey of
pasture near Custer, Whatcom County, Showed development on Septem-
ber 11 to be 3.48 percent pupae and 96.6 adults. (Jackson).
GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on rangeland in Lincoln, Chaves,
Eddy, and Lea Counties. Over 3,000,000 acres heavily infested.
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Adult surveys reveal 53,140 acres
of cropland and 580,120 acres of rangeland infested in eastern
areas. Pueblo and Fremont Counties have largest area of threaten-
ing infestations. (Colo. Ins. Sur.). MONTANA - Adult survey
showed counts of 8+ per square yard on total of 187,300 acres in
14 counties. Melanoplus sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, Camnula
pellucida, and M. packardii dominant species. (Pratt).
- 664 -
IDAHO - Fall adult grasshopper surveys indicate potential control
may be needed on 2,130,000 acres of which 749,160 acres are
private and State land and 1,381,000 acres public domain. About
750,000 acres are in Lincoln, Blaine, and Minidoka Counties.
Numerous aerial migrations observed all season. (Pollard).
WASHINGTON - Adult survey showed statewide economic populations
(8 or more per yard) on total of 1,044,780 acres. Suggests serious
potential problems in 1973 growing season. (PP).
MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - MONTANA - Scattered crickets
found in Rosebud, Meagher, Stillwater, and Lake Counties. Small
bands found in Sanders and Powell Counties. (Pratt).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - See "AN ENCYRTID WASP" under
BENEFICIAL INSECTS page 664,
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - TENNESSEE - Adult trapped
at rest stop on U.S. Interstate Route 40 in Benton County Septem-
ber 20, 1972. (Steele). Previously collected in this county in
1971. (PP).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infested bolls
ranged 5-45 percent in El Paso County. Light to moderate moth
activity indicated by hexalure trap catches in Pecos Valley and
in Upton and Glasscock Counties. Boll infestations in Pecos
Valley area ranged 5-55 percent. Glasscock County reported 5-15
percent infested bolls. (Neeb). NEW MEXICO - Checks in extreme
southern Dona Ana County revealed one or two fields with larvae
in bolls ranging up to 30 percent. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA -
Infested 85 percent of bolls in 60 acres of long staple cotton
at Safford, Graham County. Controls applied in Graham, Maricopa,
Pinal, and Yuma Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
DETECTION
New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) WISCONSIN -
Pierce, Chippewa, Dunn, Eau Claire, Polk, Barron, St. Croix
(p. 659). EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) KANSAS - Wallace,
Gove (p. 658). MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) OKLAHOMA -
Noble (p. 663). SOUTHERN CHINCH BUG (Blissus insularis)
CALIFORNIA - San Joaquin (p. 659). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID
| (Therioaphis maculata) NORTH DAKOTA - Dunn (p. 657). WESTERN
CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica virgifera) WISCONSIN - Barron (p. 658).
CORRECTIONS
CEIR 22(36):607 - JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - IOWA -
‘Should read: ''...Black Hawk County collection is first time this
\pest trapped in State since 1958..."
| {
K \ - 665 -
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Corn - CORN PLANTHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) and CORN LEAF APHID
(Rhopalosiphum maidis) light to moderate in 3 acres of nearly
mature Sweet corn at Waimanalo, Oahu. Predators nil. CHINESE ROSE
BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) damage heavy to many plants up to 15
yards in from perimeter of this planting; damage nil in midfield.
(Kawamura) .
General Vegetables - GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes
vaporariorum) light to moderate in 0.3 acre of bitter melon at
Waimanalo, Oahu; trace in 5,000 square-foot planting of Same crop
at Pearl City. TARO LEAFHOPPER (Tarophagus proserpina) light in
5 acres of taro at Waipahu, Oahu; averaged less than 4 nymphs or
adults per plant. A MIRID BUG (Cyrtorhinus fulvus), an egg pre-
dator, light in terminal leaf sheaths. WATERLILY APHID (Rhopalosi-
phum nymphaeae) generally light; small, isolated moderate popula-
tions in some paddies. CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) light
in 0.1 acre of daikon at Waimanalo, Oahu; about 13 percent of
terminals with one or more larvae. Infestation heavy in 0.1
acre of same crop at Pearl City; about 80 percent of young plants
infested. (Kawamura). LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) and BEET
ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) light in green onion fields at
Waimanalo and Pearl City, Oahu; average of less than 15 percent
of leaves lightly affected by one or both species. (Kawamura).
Larval mines of Liriomyza spp. heavy in one acre of young cucum-—
ber plants at Wailua, Kauai. (Ikehara, Kawamura).
Fruits and Nuts - FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus aonidum) light
on 20 coconut trees at Kahului, Maui; 25 percent of leaves in-
fested with average of 2.5 scales per leaf. (Miyahira). COCONUT
SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) generally light to moderate in
small commercial planting of bananas at Pearl City, Oahu; heavy
on few older leaves. Nymphs and adults of Lindorus lophanthae and
Telsimia nitida (lady beetles) moderate on infested leaves. No
Specimens of Pseudoscymnus anomolus (a lady beetle) noted in
planting. P. anomolus introduced from Guam and released in Feb-
ruary 1971 in this area. Releases also made at Hawaii Kai where
recovery made for first time during second week of September.
(Kawamura) .
Ornamentals —- A LEAFCUTTING BEE (Megachile sp.) caused heavy
foliar damage to Cassia sp., Eucalyptus sp., and Thespia populnea
saplings in nursery at Kahului, Maui. Similar damage to yard rose
bushes in same area. (Miyahira).
Miscellaneous Pests —- VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga)
caused heavy foliar damage to yard planting of Podocarpus sp. and
Hibiscus sp. at Salt Lake, Oahu; 5 nymphs observed feeding on
Hibiscus sp. S. vaga first reported on Oahu in August 1964 but
has remained noneconomic, feeding mainly on wasteland kiawe and
slender mimosa. During the past few months isolated, unconfirmed
reports of feeding on Citrus have been received. (Kajiwara).
- 666 -
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ALFALFA WEEVIL
Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)
Selected References
1970-1971
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and
Technical Support Staff.
Arnbeust, HE. J., Roberts, S! J., and White, C. E. 1970. Feeding
Behavior of alfalfa weevil larvae parasitized by Bathyplectes
curculionis. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1689-1690.
Armbrust, E. J., White, C. E., and Roberts, S. J. 1970. Mating
preference of eastern and western United States strains of
the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):674-675.
Armbrust, E. J. and Wilson, M. C. 1970. Effect of weather on the
toxicity and persistence of Some inSecticides on alfalfa
foliage. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):189-192.
Barnes, D. K. and Coauthors. 1970. The development and performance
of Team alfalfa: a multiple pest resistant alfalfa with mod-
erate resistance to the alfalfa weevil. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv.
ARS 34-115. 41 pp.
Bland, R. G. 1971. Photoperiod-diapause relationships in the
alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5):
1163-1166.
Brazzel, J. R. (Convener). 1970. Second conference on test methods
for resistance in insects of agricultural importance.
Standard method for detection of insecticide resistance in
Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.). Tentative
methods for detection in Diabrotica and Hypera. College Park,
Maryland. April 1-4, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer. Bul. 16(3):147-
WSS} 6
Burgess, E. E. and Bennett, S. E. 1971. Mortality and abnormali-
ties caused by gamma irradiation of alfalfa weevil larvae.
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):88-90.
Burks, B. D. 1971. The name Tetrastichus incertus (Ratzeburg) as
employed for an introduced parasite of the alfalfa weevil,
Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 73(4) :429-
ay a) a
Byrne, H. D. and Ritterhausen, E. L. 1970. A technique for evalu-
ation of alfalfa populations for resistance to alfalfa weevil
larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):652-653.
Byrne, H. D. and Rittershausen, E. L. 1970. Screening of clones of
alfalfa for resistance to alfalfa weevil larvae. J. Econ.
Ent. 63(2) :682-683.
Carpenter, G. P. 1970. Alfalfa weevil control in Idaho by early
treatment of the first crop. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1602-1604.
- 669 -
Davis, D. W. 1970. Insecticidal control of the alfalfa weevil in
northern Utah and some resulting effects on the weevil
parasite Bathyplectes curculionis. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):119-
125.
Day, W. H. 1971. Reproductive status and survival of alfalfa
weevil adults: effects of certain foods and temperatures.
Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):208-212.
Day, W. H. 1970. The survival value of its jumping cocoons to
Bathyplectes anurus, a parasite of the alfalfa weevil.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):586-589.
Day, W. H., Coles; L. W., Stewart, J. A., and Fuester> Rose etomee
Distribution of Microctonus aethiops and M. colesSi, parasites
of the alfalfa weevil, in the eastern United States. J. Econ.
Ent. 64(1):190-193.
Dively, G. P., II. 1970. Overwintering alfalfa weevil eggs in
three stages of alfalfa grown in New Jersey. Ent. Soc. Amer.
Ann. 63(5):1213-1216.
Dorsey, C. K. 1971. Comparative effectiveness of topically applied)
chemicals in killing adult alfalfa weevils. W. Va. Univ. Agr.
EGO Ste. Ce, Wow. Dis LO Dc
Dysart, R. J. and Coles, L. W. 1971. Bathyplectes stenostigma,
parasite of the alfalfa weevil in Europe. Ent. Soc. Amer.
Ann. 64(6) :1361-1367.
Fahey, J. E., Wilson, M. C., and Armbrust, E. J. 1970. Residues .o#
supracide and carbofuran in green and dehydrated alfalfa.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(2))2589=—5911.
Supracide, a promising insecticide for alfalfa weevil
control.
Flessel, J. K. and Niemezyk, H. D. 1970. Alfalfa weevil parasites
in Ohio. Pesticide News 23(4):114.
Flessel, J. K. and Niemezyk, H. D. 1971. Theoretical values of
fully grown first-cutting alfalfa lost to alfalfa weevil
larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1) :328-329.
Fuester, R. W. 1970. Separation of first-stage larvae of two
species of Microctonus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) which
attack the alfalfa weevil. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(6):1777-
ior
Goonewardene, H. F. and Filmer, R. S. 1971. A technique for
evaluation of field control of the alfalfa weevil using a
fixed population. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):327-328.
- 670 -
aE ine as a Ce?)
Se
|
|
Hanson, C. H. and Ratcliffe, R. H. 1970. Alfalfa weevil menace:
is relief in sight? Crops Soils 23(1):10-12.
Horn, D. J. 1970. Oviposition behavior of Tetrastichus incertus,
a parasite of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :303-
304.
Horn, D. J. 1971. The relationship between a parasite, Tetrastichus
incertus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), and its host, the alfalfa
weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in
New York. Canad. Ent. 103(1) :83-94.
Hower, A. A., Jr. 1971. An abnormality in the reproductive system
of field-collected alfalfa weevils, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc.
Amer. Ann. 64(4):951-952. .
POVewanen., IG, sand Ferrer) Fok, lo70e Anvartitieial ovi—
position technique for the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent.
63(3) :761-764.
Keddiess Co J., Taylor, N. L., VanMeter, €. L., and Pass; B. C€.
1970. Feeding response of the adult alfalfa weevil to plant
Species phylogenetically related to alfalfa. J. Econ. Ent.
63(1) :302-303.
Koehler, P. G. 1971. An association between the alfalfa weevil's
larval growth response and adult feeding response to its
host plant. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(6) :1230-1233.
Koehler, P. and Rittershausen, E. 1971. A net for the mass
collection of alfalfa weevils. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(1):
299.
LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Effects of
temperature and presence of males on laboratory oviposition
by the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):897-900.
LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Frequency and
duration of mounting and copulation by the alfalfa weevil in
the laboratory. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(6):1548-1552.
LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Laboratory mating
behavior of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent. Soc.
Amer. Ann. 63(4):1000-1007.
LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Sexual respon-
Siveness of the male alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, as
affected by prior contact with other alfalfa weevils. Ent.
Expt. et Appl. 13(4) :462-466.
LeCato, G. L., III, and Pienkowski, R. L. 1970. Temperature effects
on laboratory mating behavior of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ.
Ent. 63(3) :928-930.
MacCollom, G. B. 1970. U.S. losses are $56 million. We fight to
stop the alfalfa beetle. Vt. Farm Home Sei. 12(2):3, 18.
- 671 -
Mailloux, G. and Pilon, J. G. 1970. Patasson luna (Girault) |
(Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) and Bathyplectes curculionis
(Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), two parasites of /
Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
in Quebec. Canad. J. Zool. 48(3):607-608.
Marks, J. 1970. Alfalfa weevil "stoppers". Hoard's Dairyman
LESCO) e532 —55 45.
Miller, M. C. 1970. Biological control of the alfalfa weevil in
Massachusetts. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :440-443.
Miller, M. C. 1970. Studies of interspecific competition between
Tetrastichus incertus and Bathyplectes curculionis, larval
endoparasites of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):719-
Alba
Morse, R. A. 1970. Less spraying for alfalfa weevil in East.
Gleanings Bee Cult. 98(8):479, 507.
Neal, J. W., Jm., Bickley; W._H.., and Bilickensitativy Cry Cems lImoOr
Recovery of the braconid parasite Microctonus aethiops from
the alfalfa weevil after hormonal treatment. J. Econ. Ent.
63(2) :681-682.
Nealy Js Wo, dra. Hotlaway., We Do) vand Bilekley WiceeH elomelee
Response of Microctonus aethiops and M. colesi, parasites of
the alfalfa weevil, to a mixture of cis-trans— and trans- |
trans-10,11,-epoxyfarnesenic acid methyl ester. J. Econ. Ent.
64( 1) :338-339.
Niemezyk, H. D. and Flessel, J. K. 1970. Further testing of
insecticides for a preventive program for control of alfalfa
weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4) :1330-1332.
Niemezyk, H. D. and Flessel, J. K. 1970. Population dynamics of |
alfalfa weevil eggs in Ohio. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):242-247. |
Parker, B. L. 1970. Measuring alfalfa weevil larval populations by
volume. J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1663-1665.
:
Pitre, H. .N;,Watsong.V: H:, and’ Ward; €:aY.,. 1970: 7 Etetd leva
ation of alfalfa cultivars for resistance to alfalfa weevil
in Mississippi--a preliminary study. Agron J. 62(5):678-679. |
Richardson, R: lk, Nelson, D. E., York, A. C., and | Gyrisce Gage.
1971. Biological control of the alfalfa weevil Hypera postica |
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in New York. Canad. Ent. LOS GLE
1653-1658.
Roberts, S..J., DeWitt, J. R., and Armbrust, E. J.)1970> Prediciras
spring hatch of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :921-
923.
Schroder, R. F. W. 1970. A modified suction machine for sampling
populations of alfalfa weevils on alfalfa. J. Econ. Ent.
63(4) :1329-1330. }
.
{
= 672 &
|
Sidadem eh. Ho, Axtell, J. Dos and Wilson, M. €. 1971". A relation—
Ship between plant height of alfalfa and the rate of alfalfa
weevil larval development. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2):437-438.
SHecaucne J. A, Bland,’ R. G.,' Coon, F. A:, and’ Gyrisco, G. G-
1970. Flight behavior and direction of migrating alfalfa
weevils. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):1010-1011.
Stehr, F. W. and Casagrande, R. A. 1971. Establishment of
Microctonus aethiops, a parasite of adult alfalfa weevils, in
Michigan. J. Econ. Ent. 64(1):340-341.
Summers, C. G., Byrne, H. D., and Pimentel, D. 1971. Spring timing
applications for control of the alfalfa weevil in New York.
J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :478-480.
Tombes, A. S. and Smith, D. S. 1970. Ultrastructural studies on
corpora cardiaca-allata complex of adult alfalfa weevil,
Hypera poStica. J. Morphol. 132(2):137-148.
Tysowsky, M. and Dorsey, C. K. 1970. Hibernation and estivation
habits of the alfalfa weevil in West Virginia. J. Econ. Ent.
63(2) :347-350.
Van Meter, C. L. and Pass, B. C. 1970. Susceptibility of adult
alfalfa weevils of low lipid content to selected insecticides.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1268-1271.
Walstrom, R. J., Jones, P. A., and Gastler, G. F. 1970. Effect of
phorate for partial control of alfalfa weevil on nutritional
values of alfalfa hay. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4) :1374-1375.
Wilson, M. C. and Armbrust, E. J. 1970. Approach to integrated
control of the alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):554-557.
U.S. Dept. Agr.
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
22 (39) :669-673,1972
Prepared by Pest Survey and
Technical Support Staff
- 673 -
Weather of the week continued from page 656.
TEMPERATURE: A low was centered over southern Manitoba early in
the week. A front trailed southward up the Red River of the North.
A cold front extended from near Grand Forks, North Dakota, toward
Colorado and a warm front stretched from the Grand Forks vicinity
to South Carolina. Hot, humid air covered a warm sector of the
Low. Afternoon temperatures reached the 90's over much of the warm
sector. Grand Island, Nebraska, registered 100 degrees Monday
afternoon and Aberdeen, South Dakota, 98 degrees Tuesday. A high
relative humidity made the air feel more uncomfortable. A quick
change in the weather occurred Wednesday as cold air advanced over
the northern and central Great Plains. Afternoon temperatures at
Jamestown, North Dakota, were: Tuesday 94 degrees, Wednesday 70
degrees, and Thursday 60 degrees. Temperature changes over the
South were less drastic. Daily maximums at Memphis, Tennessee,
Tuesday to Thursday were 96, 91, and 88 degrees. The desert South-
west continued hot. Thermal and Blythe, both in California, |
registered 104 degrees Thursday. Subfreezing weather occurred in
spots in the northern and central Rocky Mountains and parts of the
Great Basin on some mornings. Big Piney, Wyoming, recorded 13
degrees Thursday morning. The weekend was cool over most of the
Nation. Subfreezing temperatures occurred over the northern Rocky
Mountains and the western edge of the northern Great Plains.
Afternoon temperatures remained in the 40's and 50's over most of
Montana and North Dakota Sunday. Although autumn made a good
beginning over the North, summer weather continued in the South.
Parts of Mississippi averaged more -than 5 degrees above normal.
Maximum temperatures in Mississippi were mostly in the high 90's
early in the week, low 90's over the weekend.
. - 674 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
: AGR 101
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NTAN INSTI jy ™
SMITHSONE ONTAN INST ,,
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ARTES SMITH: :
WASHINGTON DC 20560
VOL. 22 No. 40 October 6, 1972
SB
G25
G77,
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a Service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to: :
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 October 6, 1972 Number 40
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER reported for first time in Kansas since
1920. (p. 677).
FALL ARMYWORM heavy in wheat in western two-thirds of Oklahoma;
many fields destroyed, will be replanted. Many fields treated.
Also economic in some small grains in scattered areas of Arkansas
and heavy in southwest Missouri. Fall armyworm heavy in Bermuda
grass pastures in Oklahoma; increased in pastures with controls
applied in central, southwest, and northwest Arkansas; controls
applied to newly seeded grasses in southwest Missouri. (p. 678).
ALFALFA WEEVIL caused estimated loss of 4 million dollars to
forage and seed alfalfa crops in Utah during 1972. (p. 679).
SCREWWORM infestation continues at high level in Texas; 2 con-
firmed cases reported from Kansas. (p. 683).
Detection
A STILT BUG reported for first time from Pennsylvania.
For new county records see page 685.
Special Reports
Gypsy Moth. Selected References 1970-1971. (pp. 688-689).
Reports in this issue are for week ending September 29 unless
otherwise indicated.
- 675 =
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance........... alos evieliohelrententemone 677
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....677 Beans and Peas......... -...680
Smal Gia rashes sueecetencwereeeneuareye 6iSe Cole® CrOpSie a «asics cree Peeiota Orel
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...678 General Vegetables......... 681
HOIPEYSS, ILALWINOSooac0d00500000 679 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts. .682
SOY DE AMS i, Shi sewers os) Merle, ohare sreue 679°. Ornamentals. 7. 3... ss oe teres 682
COOMA eee pote ene ere sioren ey ay sts) rents 680 Forest and Shade Trees.....682
SUSaAiNy VBESUWS enous: oeeey sheers) cue teleuretes 680 Man and Animals............ 683
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.680 Stored Products............ 684
Benet veral- IMSEC Si. se sie, S Syfeie sais: ove; a1 ce) o.ist 0: ere tere (0) 0itol el oilal oeliai tal teem ORO Men en arene 684
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs..... “ig la iver sertoriah oftamentemone - 684
DEtEe CHONG ay. eet teens write: icra stone etohedarare sete. aha see ete eco eeneme wr lelten are eeeeteme 685
Hawaia vinsecty Report Cama wee e ntele ce tebrertete ela ey cele Sil ceWeiralnee en eens 686
Ligh terRisap' Coll SC ERONS ene. tere, olictatis te lotetelteneret eters tonic tees ttomeneens os dis ae OOW
Gypsy Moth. Selected References 1970-1971..............-. sae COO
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
OCTOBER 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for October calls
for temperatures to average below seasonal normal over northern
and central portions of the Plains and the Mississippi Valley
and also in eastern portions of the central and southern plateau
region. Above normal temperatures are indicated for the Atlantic
and Gulf Coast States as well as the central and south Pacific
coast. In unspecified areas near normal temperatures are in pro-
spect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal from the
Mississippi Valley to the Appalachians, as well as over the
northern Plains and the southern plateau. Subnormal totals are
indicated for California and the Great Basin. Elsewhere near
normal totals are expected.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National
Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of
Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 2
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Northeasterly upslope winds produced heavy snow
over portions of Montana late Sunday, September 24, and early
Monday morning. By 6 a.m., m.s.t. Monday, snow had accumulated to
3 inches at Butte, 4 inches at Livingston, and 13 inches at Miles
City, all in Montana. Heavy rains fell along a front that stretched
from the Great Lakes to a Low centered over the Texas Panhandle.
From Sunday night to 3 a.m. Monday, about 5 inches had fallen at
Charles City, Iowa. Up to 4 inches soaked Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Cold rain and snow fell late Tuesday over portions of Idaho and
Nevada. Weather of the week continued on page 690.
- 676 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 13-15 per 10
sweeps in alfalfa in Payne and Noble Counties. Damaged soybean
pods in Wagoner County. Light in soybeans in Rogers and Mayes
Counties. Light and scattered in late sorghum heads in Major,
Mayes, and several west-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TEXAS - Damaged grain sorghum heads in isolated areas of Pecos
County. Field counts showed one larva per head in 15-40 percent
of sorghum heads. (Neeb). WISCONSIN - Larvae appeared in sweet
corn in northeast area; infestation less than 2 percent. Treat-—
ments not planned. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). DELAWARE - Adults decreased
in blacklight trap collections; averaged 5 per night at 5 loca-
tions in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Ranged light to
heavy in all winter wheat from Fall River County to Lyman County.
West of Oelrichs, Fall River County, infestations ranged 10-70
per linear row foot in winter wheat; infestations uneven across
fields. Near Wickville and Quinn, eastern Pennington County,
infestations light, ranged 5-50 per linear row foot. Heavier
infestations, 70-150 per linear row foot, seen in fields in
Jackson, Jones, and Lyman Counties. Infestations reported in
winter wheat in Buffalo County. Almost all winter wheat acreage
treated in Tripp County, some fields treated twice. (Jones).
OKLAHOMA - Light to moderate in seedling wheat in Kingfisher
County. Light in Custer and Beckham Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - MISSISSIPPI - Infestation
of Heliothis spp. in 3,000 acres of soybeans in Yazoo County 80
percent this species. Control very difficult. (Young).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Adults in
blacklight traps averaged 2 per night for 5 locations in Sussex
County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). KENTUCKY - Percent plants infested
(fall survey) and number of borers per 100 plants, respectively,
by county: Christian 26.4 and 4.4; Logan 67.2 and 126.4; Simpson
30.4 and 9.6; and Todd 20.6 and 2.4. (Barnett).
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - KENTUCKY -
Averaged 21 per 100 stalks in 15-acre Caldwell County cornfield.
Collected in Barren County, September 23 by D. Barnett. This is
a new county record. (Barnett, Raney).
WESTERN BEAN CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) - KANSAS - Full-grown
larvae averaged 3 per 100 ears in one of 3 cornfields in Ellis
County. Collected and determined by E. Martinez. This is a new
county record. (Bell).
SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) -— KANSAS -
Larval infestation involving 25-50 percent of stalks seen in 2
adjacent cornfields in Pottawatomie County in late August.
Determined by D.M. Weisman. Counts negative in other fields in
Pottawatomie and adjoining counties to date. On September 20,
larvae half to full grown; feeding in tunnels in lower third of
plants. First confirmed report of infestation in State since 1920,
when reported from Greenwood County. (Bell).
- 677 -
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Damage ranged
5-10 percent in late sorghum in several west-central counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged 10 per row foot
in 100-acre grain sorghum field in Holmes County. (Robinson).
BANKS GRASS MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - TEXAS - Activity
light to moderate in El Paso County grain sorghum; increased on
srain sorghum in Pecos and Reeves Counties. (Neeb).
SMALL GRAINS
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA -— Heavy in wheat
in many counties in northwest, north-central, northeast, west—
central, central, southwest, and south-central areas. Many fields
destroyed and will be replanted. Some S. ornithogalli (yellow-
striped armyworm) and S. exigua (beet armyworm) found in fields
in some areas. S. frugiperda heavy in barley in Payne County,
heavy in rye in Kingfisher County, light in rye in Major County,
and light in oats in Mayes County. Many fields treated in these
areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - S. frugiperda economic in
some small grain fields, mainly rye, in scattered areas of State.
Controls applied. Acreage of small grains vulnerable to attack
increased following additional seeding and good rains. (Boyer).
MISSOURI - S. frugiperda heavy on small grains in southwest area;
some newly seeded wheat fields completely stripped. (Munson).
WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Survey of
hard red spring wheat stubble fields for cutting by this pest
showed increase in cutting. Cut stems ranged up to 27.5 (averaged
2) percent. This is 1.2 percent increase from 0.8 percent found
in 1971. Cutting evident in 60 percent of fields in 1972 compared
to 54 percent in 1971. Fortuna, sawfly resistant wheat variety,
not widely grown in State in 1972. (Brandvik, Kaatz).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Still
present in various types of pastures and lawns in southern half
of State. Range gradually extending north. (Robinson). ARKANSAS -
Lighter than usual in pastures, but increased recently; controls
applied in central, southwest, and northwest areas. (Boyer).
OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 20 per square foot in Bermuda grass lawn
in Stillwater, Payne County. Heavy in Bermuda grass pastures in
Stephens and Choctaw Counties, moderate in Atoka County. Heavy
in ryegrass in Osage County and in lawns in Cleveland County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Light to moderate in newly seeded
grasses in southwest area. Controls applied. (Munson).
GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in
experimental bentgrass plot in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus tuttlei) - ARIZONA - Necessitated repeat
treatments on commercial Bermuda grass seed fields at Yuma, Yuma
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) - OHIO —- Larvae
common in fairway turf of Wayne County golf course. (Miller).
- 678 -
|
|
FORAGE LEGUMES
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 28-33
per 10 sweeps in 2 alfalfa fields in Payne and Noble Counties.
Heavy in Kingfisher County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) -— CALIFORNIA - Unusually
abundant on alfalfa plantings this season; still problem in San
Joaquin Valley fields. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) -— UTAH - Caused estimated loss of
4 million dollars to forage and seed alfalfa crops in State
during 1972. This is above normal. (Roberts).
A CECIDOMYIID MIDGE (Cecidomyia texana) - OKLAHOMA - Survey of
experimental guar plantings showed light damage at Tipton,
Tillman County; Mangum, Greer County; and Chickasha, Grady
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
SOYBEANS
BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in
soybeans in Verdigris River bottom in northern Wagoner County.
Light, 0-2 per row foot, in other areas of Wagoner and Muskogee
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Heavy on soybeans in
Hope area of Hempstead County. (Boyer). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 25+
per 25 sweeps in soybeans in Choctaw, Attala, Holmes, Carroll,
and Montgomery Counties. (Robinson).
MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults and
larvae continued to cause moderate to heavy defoliation in
several areas of Worcester, Somerset, and Wicomico Counties.
Economic losses will be at minimum due to advanced maturity of
soybeans. Overwintering populations should be moderate in Wicomico,
Somerset, Worcester, and lower Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.). VIRGINIA - Buildup expected until cold weather. Soybean
plants can withstand up to 35 percent defoliation after pod and
seeds fully formed. (Allen).
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA -
Exploding larval population defoliated 125-acre late soybean
field at Gallion, Marengo County. Fed on pods of any size and
age. In field at Dothan, Houston County, loss estimated at 50
percent of yield where 95 percent of all plants damaged by
maturing larvae. (Roney). ARKANSAS - Common in soybeans in north-
east, east-central, and in upper Arkansas River Valley areas.
Most common larvae in Pope County. This species generally rare on
soybeans in State. (Boyer).
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in soy-
beans in Payne and Ottawa Counties. Light, up to one per row foot,
in Wagoner, Muskogee, Rogers, and Mayes Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sar.)
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Moderately
damaged soybeans in Atoka County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) - MISSISSIPPI - Counts of 25
per 50 sweeps taken in 100 acres of soybeans in Holmes County.
Also 5 per 25 sweeps taken in 25 acres of near mature soybeans in
Choctaw County. (Robinson).
- 679 -
COTTON
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ARKANSAS - Late cotton subject to
bollworm damage. H. virescens problem in late cotton in southeast
area. Comprises almost 100 percent of Heliothis population in
cotton. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA - Percent H. zea boll damage by county:
Wagoner and Muskogee 1-8; Bryan 2-30; and Washita and Caddo 7-20.
Very light in southwest area except for heavy in Red River bottom
in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - H. zea moderate to
heavy in isolated areas in El Paso County. Eggs 40-60 per 100
plant terminals, larvae 5-12 per 100 plants, and 8-25 percent
damage to squares and young bolls of top crop reported from Dell
City area of Hudspeth County; also reported on mature bolls. Eggs
20-40 per 100 plant terminals, larvae 4-15 per 100 plants, and
5-25 percent crop damage reported from Pecos and Reeves Counties.
Midland, Martin, Glasscock, and Reagan Counties reported 10-20
eggs per 100 plant terminals, 3-10 larvae per 100 plants, and 5-20
percent top crop damage. (Neeb).
ARIZONA - Treatment for Heliothis spp. continued in Yuma area of
Yuma County. Larvae in bolls 50 percent H. zea, 50 percent i.
virescens. Damage appears heaviest in some treated fields at
Safford, Graham County; timing of control applications suspected
asSeparecvo problem. .(Ani2., Coop. sur.) -
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Punctured squares
averaged 40 percent in late cotton in Muskogee County. Light to
moderate in Jackson, Greer, and Kiowa Counties; heavy in Red
River bottom in Cotton County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
SUGAR BEETS
POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) —- WASHINGTON - Caused commer-—-
cially significant damage to sugar beets in at least one 120-acre
area near Eureka, Walla Walla County. (Landis).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Aculops lycopersici) - CALIFORNIA - Many late
tomato fields severely damaged. Where early treatment omitted,
population heavy and lower parts of vines dry. One organic tomato
patch of 2 acres complete loss as vines nearly bare and stems and
fruit sunburned; mite count per leaf very heavy. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - DELAWARE - Averaged 700 per
100 leaves in peppers throughout Sussex County. (Burbutis,
Kelsey).
BEANS AND PEAS
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TENNESSEE - Larvae ranged 5-15
per row foot in beans in small area of Cumberland County.
Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper) larvae averaged 2 per
row foot in same field. Harvest abandoned. Many larvae parasitized
by unspecified Diptera. (Heinrich).
- 680 -
COLE CROPS
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NORTH CAROLINA - Ranged 2-3
per plant in cabbage fields of Pasquotank and Hyde Counties.
Controls essential. (Sorensen). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on turnips in
Pontotoe County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larval
feeding caused Serious damage to occasional cabbage plants in
Pasquotank County. Egg masses also seen in Several locations.
(Sorensen). ARIZONA - Larvae of this pest and Trichoplusia ni
(cabbage looper) heavy on lettuce and sugar beets at Yuma, Yuma
County; controls applied. Controls applied on lettuce at Parker
Valley. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
GENERAL VEGETABLES
SWEETPOTATO FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema confinis) - MARYLAND -
Larval mining moderate in several fields of Sweetpotatoes near
Salisbury, Wicomico County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
- 681 -
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Light to moderate in El
Paso County. Heavy on pecan trees in Ward, Ector, and Crockett
Counties. Still damaging pecans in Knox and Young Counties. Heavy
on pecans in Brazos County. Some controls applied. (Neeb et al.).
PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on pecans in
Comanche County, light to moderate in Cleveland County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).
BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - This
species and Monellia spp. (yellow aphids) increased on pecan trees
in Elmore, Lee, Russell, Conecuh, Covington, and Barbour Counties.
(Morris et al.).
BLACKMARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - ARIZONA - Heavy on pecan
foliage at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
ORNAMENTALS
A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults collected
from 8 Pieris sp. September 6 by R.J. Weidner at small nursery in
Berwick, Columbia County. Determined by E.E. Simons. This is a
new county record. (Kim).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - ARKANSAS -
Infestations reported on oaks in southwest area. Feeding expected
to increase, larvae about half-grown. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Com-
pletely defoliated 600-1,000 acres of forest trees in Iron and
Reynolds Counties. (Kearby).
ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - OHIO - Larvae fed on
pin oak and other oaks throughout State. Inquiries and requests
for information increased 4 to 5-fold over 1971. (Miller).
A GRACILLARIID MOTH (Lithocolletis robinella) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Larvae, pupae, and adults infested black locust along State
Highway 756 near Johnstown, Cambria County. Heavily damaged all
young trees in area; damage less severe on older trees. Determined
by K. Valley. (Wolf).
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Taken from
elm September 24, 1972, in White River, Mellette County. Collected
by R. Trenary. Determined by E.U. Balsbaugh. This is a new county
record. (Kantack). COLORADO - Heavy on elms in Akron area of
Washington County and Yuma area of Yuma County. (Pilcher).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - ALABAMA - Damag-
ing population developed in stand of planted pines in ornamental
nursery at Semmes, Mobile County. (Lockheart, Howell).
BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) - IDAHO - Infested birch trees
scattered throughout Orofino, Clearwater County. Collected Sep-
tember 28. This is a new county record. (O'Keefe).
- 682 -
WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - ARKANSAS - Increased in
upland areas of western part of State. (Boyer). MISSOURI - Defol-
iated small forested area near Harrisburg, Boone County. (Kearby).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,569 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period September 17-23
as follows: Texas 4,062; New Mexico 155; Arizona 192; Oklahoma
157; Louisiana 1; Kansas 2. Single case reported from St. Martin
Parish, Louisiana, was from horse recently shipped from Kerr
County, Texas. First cases confirmed from Kansas were collected
in Seward and Meade Counties. These counties are adjacent to
Beaver and Texas Counties in Oklahoma Panhandle where screwworm
occurred earlier in 1972. Total of 869 cases reported in Mexico.
Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled
173,834,000 as follows: Texas 154,430,000; New Mexico 5,470,000;
Arizona 13,028,000; California 650,000; Louisiana 250,000, Total
of 26,780,000 sterile flies released in Mexico: (Anim. Health).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - TEXAS - Heavy on cattle and
sheep in most counties of Trans-Pecos area. (Neeb). OKLAHOMA -
Ranged 700-1,000 per head on cattle in Major County, averaged
200 per head in Payne County. Heavy in Osage, Hughes, Comanche,
Garvin, and Pontotoc Counties; moderate in Pawnee, Craig, Cleve-
land, Cherokee, and Choctaw Counties; light in Kingfisher County.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 100+ on 75 head of
beef cattle in Attala County. (Robinson).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-3 per head
on cattle checked in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - TEXAS - Heavy in backs
of cattle in Brewster and Jeff Davis Counties, ranged 55-60 in
some animals. (Neeb).
MOSQUITOES - MAINE - Few Aedes spp. still present in some areas,
but annoyance at low level. (Gall). RHODE ISLAND - Culex pipiens
pipiens (northern house mosquito) females active and biting in
Washington County. (Field). WISCONSIN - Mosquitoes decreased but
still biting on warmer days and evenings. Reports from Richland
and Walworth County indicate heavier than normal activity. (Wis.
Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Cool weather with frosts in some areas
sharply reduced mosquito numbers and activity. Aedes vexans
accounted for 80 percent of irap collections; dominant in most
bite collections. (Minn. Pest Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Culex spp. and
Aedes spp. increased after recent rains in Payne County area.
Larvae ranged up to 50 per dip. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Mos-
quitoes, chiefly Aedes dorsalis, continued very numerous and
troublesome in Curlew Valley of Box Elder County from Great Salt
Lake north through Snowville. (Knowlton).
BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) - MAINE - Much annoyance reported at
Augusta, Orono, and several areas in northern Section. S. jenn-
ingsi and S. venustum moderate at Orono. (Gall).
A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus) - MICHIGAN - Adult
female taken September 22 under rock in wooded area at Bearinger
- 683 -
Township, Presque Isle County. Collected by M. Little. Determined
by R.J. Sauer. This is a new county record. (Sauer).
STORED PRODUCTS
SAWTOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - OKLAHOMA -
Damaged stored feed and grain in Harmon County; controls applied.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).
RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - KANSAS - Heavy in bin of wheat
in elevator in Shawnee County. Tribolium castaneum (red flour
beetle) and Cryptolestes sp. (a cucujid beetle) also present.
(Bell).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Built
up rapidly in wheat with light greenbug infestations in Custer
and Beckham Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
WEEVILS - IDAHO - Ceutorhynchus litura (100 specimens) released
near Bellevue, Blaine County, August 9 for biological control of
Canada thistle. Rhinocyllus conicus (750 specimens) released near
Rigby, Jefferson County, August 10 for biological control of musk
thistle. (Hawkes, Andres).
A BIG-EYED BUG (Geocoris punctipes) - MISSISSIPPI - Taken from
soybeans at rate of 15 nymphs and adults per 25 sweeps in Choctaw
County. (Robinson).
HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - OHIO - Recent heavy rainfall for
several days over most of State restricted bee flights. Although
blooms abundant, species not able to forage. Next few weeks will
dictate fall nectar flow and colony strength going into winter.
Beekeepers should check colonies for honey stores and provide
supplemental feeding if needed. (Conner).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) - CALIFORNIA - Chemi-
cal treatment completed on 740 trees in infested area of Delano,
Kern County; about 91 city blocks in this infestation. Major hosts
include mulberry, silktree, tree-of-heaven, catalpa, and cotton—-
wood. Treatment made on 6 city blocks in Earlimart, Tulare County;
survey of adjacent areaS underway, negative to date. In Porter-
ville area, 150,000 lacewing eggs and 175,000 Cryptolaemus sp.
adults released; Cryptolaemus sp. dispersing. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GRASSHOPPERS - IOWA - Annual survey across 37 western counties
indicates population down about 50 percent from 1971. No economic
populations seen in 197 stops. Light infestations (3-7 per square
yard in field or 11-20 per square yard in margins) seen only at
4 stops in Calhoun and Guthrie Counties. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). |
NEBRASKA - Surveys show infestations heaviest (8+ per square yard)
along North Platte River Valley from Hershey, Keith County, west
to Oshkosh, Garden County, and in southern Dundy County. Major
- 684 -
cropland species included Melanoplus bivittatus, M. differentialis,
and M, femurrubrum. Major rangeland species included Ageneotettix
deorum, Aulocara elliotti, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, and
Trachyrachys Kiowa. (Bell, Hohnholt). TEXAS - Bootettix argenta-
tus moderate to heavy, ranged 5-15 per plant, defoliated creosote
bushes on about 3,000 acres of rangeland in Hudspeth County and
2,000-3,000 acres of rangeland in Culberson County. (Neeb).
NEVADA - Ageneotettix deorum taken at Lexington Creek, White Pine
County, September 23, 1972. Melanoplus yarrowii taken at Pahrump,
Nye County, September 15, 1972. Collected by G.M. Nishida. Deter-
mined by R.C. Bechtel. These are new county records. (Bechtel).
JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MICHIGAN - Adults trapped
in Bellvue Township, Eaton County, and in Fawn River Township,
St. Joseph County, September 5 by D. Loree. Determined by R.D.
Gordon. These are first times trapped in these counties. (Sauer).
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Boll infesta-
tions ranging 5-60 percent Scattered over El Paso County. In Dell
City area of Hudspeth County, less than 3 percent of bolls in-
fested. In Pecos Valley area of Reeves and Pecos Counties, 5-80
percent of bolls infested. Wichita County field showed heavy in-
festations; up to 6 larvae per boll found; primarily in small
bolls. (Neeb, Boring). ARIZONA - Infestations in cotton general
throughout Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA -
Treatment and survey completed in Siskiyou County; no new finds
this season. Very limited core area infestation treated; no
carryover anticipated in 1973. Treatment completed at Clovis,
Fresno County; survey negative in quarantine zone. Local infesta-
tion at Biola consists of 3 yard plants and 20 commercial acres
of grapes; 2 treatments made since infestation detected late in
season. In San Jose, Santa Clara County, infestation extensive in
yard grapes; new infestations still present, but within delimited
area of proposed quarantine. Surveys for this pest negative again
this season in El Dorado, Sacramento, Yolo, Placer, and Solano
Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
DETECTION
New State Record - A STILT BUG (Berytinus minor) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Adult collected from Sargents juniper in Harrisburg, Dauphin
County, September 1 by T. Henry. Determined by A. Wheeler. (Kim).
New County Records - BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius) IDAHO -
Clearwater (p. 682). A COMBFOOTED SPIDER (Latrodectus variolus)
MICHIGAN - Presgue Isle (pp. 683-684). ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta
luteola) SOUTH DAKOTA - Mellette (p. 682). GRASSHOPPERS —
Ageneotettix deorum - NEVADA - White Pine, Melanoplus yarrowii -
NEVADA - Nye (p. 685). A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai)
PENNSYLVANIA - Columbia (p. 682). SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER
(Diatraea grandiosella) KENTUCKY - Barren (p. 677). WESTERN BEAN
CUTWORM (Loxagrotis albicosta) KANSAS - Ellis (p. 677).
- 685 -
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in silks and ear tips in
4 acres of sweet corn at Pupukea, Oahu; one or more early larvae
in 80-90 percent of ears. (Kawamura).
General Vegetables - TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis)
Caused moderate damage to leaves in yard plantings of eggplant at
Ewa, Oahu; beetles light, less than one per 10 leaves. On Oahu,
LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) and BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera
exigua) caused heavy damage in 0.1 acre of green onions at Manoa;
60 percent of leaves affected. S. exigua egg clusters averaged 1.5
per plant. Larvae heavy in adjacent 2,000 square feet of lettuce;
20 percent of young heads with one or more larvae. At Pupukea,
Liriomyza spp. larval mines heavy in 0.2 acre of cucumber; about
40-50 percent of leaf surface affected by mines. Also heavy in
adjacent 0.25 acre of snap beans. Adults trace in both plantings.
(Kawamura).
Fruits and Nuts - REDBANDED THRIPS (Selenothrips rubrocinetus) and
an ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis cockerelli) moderate on residential
mango trees at Lahaina and Kahului, Maui. P. cockerelli heavy on
same host at Lahaina. (Miyahira). TF
Forest and Shade Trees - Population of a PSYLLID (Psylla uncatoides)
about nil on 36 Acacia confusa trees at Punchbowl, Oahu; Iess than
one psyllid per 5 sweeps. At Punchbowl, Oahu, all but two of 24
monkeypod trees affected by varying degrees of foliar damage
caused by larvae of a NOCTUID MOTH (Melipotis indomita) in early
spring recovered completely following repeated chemical applica-
tions to canopy, trunk, and debris at bases of affected trees.
(Larvae of M. indomita normally take refuge during daylight under
loose, scaly bark and debris at base of trees.) At Hickam Air Force
Base, larval activity nil under loose bark and debris at bases of
S kiawe trees where large number of larvae detected in late June.
(Kawamura) .
Miscellaneous Pests - Single 3.5-inch. specimen of GIANT AFRICAN
SNAIL (Achatina fulica) found in nursery at Maunalei Gulch Nursery,
Lanai, during week of September 17. Subsequent survey of area
revealed no evidence of snail activity and indications are that
this specimen may have been hitchhiker on plant material introduced
from an infested area. Followup surveys planned at this site during
winter when conditions more favorable to snail activity. A. fulica
presently established on every major island except Lanai. On
Molokai, 2 adults taken at Maunaloa; first report of activity in
this area in number of years. (Olson, Fujimoto).
- 686 -
TRAP COLLECTIONS
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Central 9/13-29
Southeast 9/13-29
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TENNESSEE (County)
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WISCONSIN
GYPSY MOTH
(Porthetria dispar (L.))
Selected References
1970-1971
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and
Technical Support Staff.
Beroza, M., Bierl, B. A., Knipling, E. F., and Tardif, J. G. R.
1971. The activity of the gypsy moth sex attractant dispar-
lure vs. that of the live female moth. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):
1527-1529.
Beroza, M. and Coauthors. 1971. Activity and persistence of
synthetic and natural sex attractants of the gypsy moth in
laboratory and field trials. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1499-1508.
Bierl, B. A., Beroza, M., and Collier, C. W. 1970. Potent sex
attractant of the gypsy moth: its isolation, identification,
and synthesis. Science 170(3953) :87-89.
Bierl, B. A. and Coauthors. 1971. Enhancement of the activity of
extracts containing the gypsy moth sex attractant. J. Econ.
Ent. 64(1):297-300.
Doane, C. C. 1970. Primary pathogens and their role in the
development of an epizootic in the gypsy moth. J. Inverte-
brate Pathol. 15(1):21-33.
Doane, C. C. 1971. A high rate of parasitization by Brachymeria
intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on the gypsy moth.
Ent. soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):753-754.
Doane, ©. C. and Redys, J. J. 1970. Characteristics of motile
strains of Streptococcus faecalis pathogenic to larvae of
the gypsy moth. J. Invertebrate Pathol. 15(3):420-430.
Gilpatrick, J. D. and Terrill, J. 1970. Control of the gypsy moth
with trichlorfon applied ULV by aircraft in New York State
in 1967. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):15-18.
Jacobson, M., Schwarz, M., and Waters, R. M. 1970. Gypsy moth sex
attractants: a reinvestigation. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3):943-945.
Jacobson, M., Sonnet, P. E., Adler, V. E., and Cook, D. 1970.
Inactivity of a preparation reported to be highly active as
a gypSy moth sex attractant. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 63(2):614-
Gikor
Kolybin, V. A. and Zelinskaya, L. M. 1971. Ecologo-physiological
peculiarities of Porthetria dispar L. population in the
Lower Dnieper area. Communication II. Parasites and diseases.
Vest. Zool. 5(1):26-31. In Rus., Engl. Sum.
Kurian, P. and Sirsi, M. 1970. Serological studies in the genus
Lymantria. I. Investigations on eggs of L. dispar (Linnaeus )
and L. obfuscata Walker. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Cont. Tech.
Bul. 13:95-104.
- 688 -
Lavenseau, M. L. 1970. Development and differentiation of wing
rudiments in Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera) after their
transplantation on an individual of opposite Sex. Acad. Sci.
Compt. Rend. Ser. D. 270(4):638-640. In Fr.
Leonard, D. E. 1970. Effects of starvation on behaviour, number of
larval instars, and developmental rate of Porthetria dispar.
J. Insect Physiol. 16(1):25-31.
Leonard, D. .E. 1970. Feeding rhythm in larvae of the gypsy moth.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(5):1454-1457.
Leonard, D. E. 1970. Intrinsic factors causing qualitative changes
in populations of Porthetria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantri-
tdae). Canad. Ent. Wl0O2(2)7239=249%
Leonard, D. E. 1971. Air-borne dispersal of larvae of the gypsy
moth and its influence on concepts of control. J. Econ. Ent.
64(3) :638-641.
Leonard, D. E. 1971. Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chal-
cididae) parasitizing gypsy moth in Maine. Canad. Ent.
103(5) :654-656.
Maksimovic, M. 1970. Investigation of population dynamics of the
gypsy moth by means of traps. Internatl. Atomic Energy Agency
(Vienna) Panel Proc. 1968:9-19.
Merriam, W. A., Tower, G. C., Paszek, E. C., and McDonough, J. L.
1970. Laboratory and field evaluation of insecticides against
the gypsy moth. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):155-159.
Nichols, J. O. 1970. Pennsylvania--future battleground of the
gypsy moth. Pennsylvania Forests 60(3, Issue 417):91-93.
Reardon, R. C. 1970. A new species of Rogas parasitic on the
gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 72(4):473-475.
Statler, M. W. 1970. Effects of gamma radiation on the ability of
the adult female gypsy moth to attract males. J. Econ. Ent.
63(1):163-164.
Tardif, R. and Secrest, J. P. 1970. Devices for cleaning and
counting eggs of the gypsy moth. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):678-679.
Weseloh, R. M. 1971. Behavioral responses of the gypsy moth egg
parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuwanai to abiotic environmental
factors. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(5):1050-1057.
Yadava, R. L. 1970. Influence of temperature and humidity on the
development of nuclear-polyhedrosis of Lymantria monacha L.
and L. dispar L. Z. Angew. Ent. 65(2):167-174. In Ger.,
Engl. Sum.
Prepared by Pest Survey and U.S. Dept. Agr.
Technical Support Sturt Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
22 (40) :688-689, 1972
- 689 -
© |
Weather of the week continued from page 676.
Some drifting occurred, icy mixtures slicked roads and highways
making traveling difficult and hazardous. By midweek, the eastern
portion of the front stretched from the southern Great Plains to |
New England. Showers and thunderstorms occurred along the front and
in the warm humid air that lay over the Deep South. Port Arthur,
Texas, received 3.04 inches of rain in 2 hours early Wednesday
evening. Showers also dotted northern California. The weekend
brought widespread rains over the eastern half of the Nation,
mostly in connection with a cold front moving over the area and in
the warm, humid air that lay south and east of the front. No rain
fell from southern California and extreme southern Nevada to the
western edge of the southern Great Plains. Totals were generally
less than 1 inch north of this dry area. Over the eastern half of
the country, totals ranged mostly from about 0.5 inch to 2 inches.
Tennessee, North Carolina, and portions of neighboring States
received from 2 to 5 inches of rain last week.
TEMPERATURE: Early in the week a Low was centered over the Texas
Panhandle. The front extended northeastward to the Great Lakes,
another front extended westward to Utah. The western portion of
the front separated cold, dry air north of the front from mild,
dry air south of the front. Cold, damp air lay north of the
eastern portion of the front and warm, humid air covered the
south. A large High was centered off the Virginia coast. A small
High was centered over southern Saskatchewan. An eastern High
pumped warm summer weather far northward along the Atlantic
coast. Martinsburg, West Virginia,registered 91 degrees Tuesday
afternoon and maximums in the 80'S were common as far north as
southern New England. In contrast, Canadian air was responsible for
autumn weather over the intermountain region, northern Rocky
Mountains, and the northern Great Plains. Big Piney, Wyoming
registered 10 degrees Monday morning, September 25. On Tuesday
morning, temperatures in the 20's were common over Montana, Wyoming,
and nearby portions of the neighboring States. Clear skies at some
places were ideal for rapid nighttime radiation of heat. Some sharp
temperature contrasts existed along a front that stretched across
the Great Plains. At noon Monday, temperatures at Norfolk and
Omaha, both in Nebraska, were 49 and 82 degrees, respectively.
By Tuesday morning the mercury at Omaha had plunged to 44 degrees.
A quick warmup occurred over the central Rocky Mountains and the
central Great Plains at midweek. The mercury at Denver, Colorado
climbed from 38 degrees Wednesday morning to 86 degrees in the
afternoon. Corresponding temperatures at Hill City, Kansas, were 47
and 87 degrees, respectively. Summer heat continued over the Deep
South reaching 90 degrees or higher each afternoon at spots in
Georgia and Florida. Mild temperatures continued over the Great
Plains over the weekend. Pierre and Huron, South Dakota, registered
82 degrees Sunday afternoon. In the East a cold front continued its
advance southward. Minimums dropped to the 40's and 50's over the
Carolinas Sunday morning. Most of the Nation averaged cooler than
normal. The main exception was the eastern seaboard which ranged
from 1 to 4 degrees above normal. Temperatures from Washington and
Oregon to the Great Lakes averaged from 6 to 10 degrees cooler
than normal for late in September.
- 690 -
Bsr oo ee
=
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300
0004 SMINLISMIA122 3
| 4037 00:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION oe
ARTES SMITHSGNIAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
Jol. 22 No. 41 October 13, 1972
523
E77
‘Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
VES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a Service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the mateiial.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 October 13, 1972 Number 41
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
FALL ARMYWORM damaged early planted small grains in most areas of
Oklahoma, and lawns and pastures in several areas of State. Also
heavy on coastal and native grasses in south-central and Coastal
Bend areas of Texas. (p. 694).
MEADOW SPITTLEBUG survey in Illinois showed populations to be
noneconomic again in 1972 as for past several years. (p. 694).
Fall survey for EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH in eastern Multnomah
County, Oregon, where this pest found in spring of 1972, revealed
no larvae or suspect damage. (p. 696).
Infestation of a TORTRICID MOTH on over 150,000 acres of mixed
oak in Sproul State Forest in Pennsylvania collapsed but left
many dead or dying trees. (p. 697).
Prediction
GRASSHOPPERS not expected to be problem on legumes in Illinois in
1973. (p. 694).
Detection
For new county and island records see page 701.
Special Reports
Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1967-1969. (pp. 702-
706).
Whitefringed Beetle Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold).
Reports in this issue are for week ending October 6 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 691 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance...........-.s-+s+-eeeee 693
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...693 Miscellaneous Field Crops....695
Smaduh Gratin eeapeneieccwore cerekoneitsy © 694 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers..695
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..694 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts....695
Forage Legumes........... 17 694-Ornamenita lS 27.).537-)e0-cts cio ene one 696
SON/OSEWNS 4 6S500oc0n00b000000 695 Forest and Shade Trees....... 696
MOMWEBVCCOsscoooovc000ac a ovScenralens 695 Man’ and Anima Uses a aeieieneenenene 697
BSS nGie Il IMSOCUS > cogs 6 ood aceon DoAKdD AOD OmOOOD OOOO dees - 698
Federal and ‘Sitate’ Plant Protection Programs. ooo e see 698
Hawaii Insect *Repor ts ovis. 5 rnescten sete = tolls alot alc’ onaita: cits nettos Molle aa eae menS .. .699
iMmalferlonig sAlserevoy (Coll ikere walls, spo goanogooo oun OouODAosGOb OOo OOOK ODDO OGCS .-/00
| DYSwo(e( en Ballo) 0 Wea cer ee nnn nC enn a ean ar el eee EnE ECE EAA hIGeNY AG S'G.0.50000900 701
Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1967-1969......... 702
Whitefringed Beetle Quarantines. Map. Centerfold.
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 9
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: A High over the Pacific Northwest and another High
over the East early in the week brought widespread typical fine
weather to most of the Nation. A weak Low over the upper Mississippi
River Valley produced scattered showers from the Great Lakes to
Tennessee and the quasi-stationary front across the Florida
Peninsula set off moderate to heavy local showers. After midweek,
Hurricane Joanne, about 500 miles south of San Diego, California,
became tropical storm Joanne and moved across northern Mexico. It
became an extra tropical Low and produced heavy rains over portions
of the Desert Southwest. About 3 inches of rain fell in the
Prescott and Flagstaff, Arizona, area in 24 hours. A 4-day total
for Phoenix was 1.93 inches which is more than 4 times the normal
rainfall for Phoenix for the entire month of October. Sunflower,
Arizona, about 50 miles northeast of Phoenix, received 5.38 inches
in 4 days. Heavy rains damaged cotton but filled reservoirs.
Upslope winds caused mixtures of rain, sleet, and snow on the
eastern Slopes of the northern Rocky Mountains. Meanwhile, the
storm intensified off the coast of North Carolina. Onshore winds
brought moisture to the hill country along the Middle Atlantic
States. Almost 11 inches fell at Amelia, Virginia, about 45 miles
southwest of Richmond. Three-day totals over interior Virginia
ranged from 6 to 12 inches with slightly lesser amounts from
western Maryland to North Carolina. The 3-day intense rains caused
serious flooding at Richmond, Virginia, on the Hames River and the
worst flooding in the 20th century at Petersburg on the Appomattox
River. Light to moderate showers also fell over Nevada, Utah, and
the northern and central Great Plains. No important rain fell in
Washington, Oregon, or Idaho. The large area from western Kansas
to the Rio Grande and eastward to southern Georgia received no
rains or only widely scattered light sprinkles. Weather of the
week continued on page 701.
= G92 =
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - OREGON - Infested late-planted
corn at Willamette Valley. Damage appears spotty, some infesta-
tions up to 80 percent. (Penrose). MISSOURI - Light, 1 per 10
row feet, in very late-planted soybeans in southwest area. Most
larvae full grown. (Munson). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1 per head in
some fields of late grain sorghum in Payne County. Some fields
treated. Ranged 1-5 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and
Canadian Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged
0.2 per head in grain sorghum in Washington County. (Robinson).
DELAWARE - Adults ranged 2-3 per night in blacklight trap
collections in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MICHIGAN - Noted in late-
planted wheat seedlings. Alates ranged 1-2 per seedling in Genesee
County field. Although no threat present, number unusually heavy
for time of year. (Johnson, Ruppel). NEW MEXICO - Light on barley
at Roswell, Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Increased in
winter wheat in central and western areas. Infestations less than
10 per linear row foot in some winter wheat fields north and west
of Wall, Pennington County. Ranged up to 200 per linear row foot
in other fields. Colonies fed on leaf surfaces and at ground
level. Infestations light, 10 or less per linear row foot, in
fields north of Wasta, Pennington County. S. graminum in untreated
winter wheat near Kennebec, Lyman County, averaged 995 per 3
linear row feet. Damage in untreated winter wheat expected to
continue. (Jones). OKLAHOMA - Very light in few wheat fields in
Kingfisher, Grady, and Blaine Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW
MEXICO - Ranged 2-7 per linear foot in Curry and Roosevelt County
wheat fields. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Average
counts per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Yuma County: Dome Valley 140,
Yuma Mesa 140, Gila Valley 240. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA -
Light, up to 30 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in Canadian, Grady, and
Caddo Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - DELAWARE —- Adults
averaged less than 1 per night in blacklight traps at 5 locations
in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Kelsey). KENTUCKY - Percent plants
infested (fall survey) and number of borers per 100 plants,
respectively, by county: Webster 9.6 and 0.8; Union 53.6 and
19.6; Graves 24.8 and 4.8; Henderson 17.7 and 14.6. (Barnett).
NEBRASKA —- In all districts surveyed, populations lighter than
in 1971; stalk damage and ear drop light. (Peters et al.).
MINNESOTA - Fall survey underway. Populations in south-central
district decreased, averaged 18.7 per 100 plants. Populations
expected to be light in all other survey districts in State.
Second generation about as light and unsuccessful as first genera-
tion. (Minn. Pest Rpt.).
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA -
Infested 10-40 percent of cornstalks in Texas County. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). ARIZONA - Heavy in sorghum stalks northwest of Phoenix,
Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
- 693 -
SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - MISSISSIPPI - Larvae ranged |
4-8 per head in grain sorghum in Washington County. (Robinson).
SMALL GRAINS
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Damage moderate
to heavy in early planted small grains in most areas of State.
Later planted fields generally show little damage. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Averaged 3 per square foot in 60 acres of
wheat and ryegrass in Pontotoc County. (Robinson).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Heavy on coastal
and native grasses throughout south-central and Coastal Bend
areas. Medium to heavy infestations noted in Burleson County.
Controls needed. (Cole, Green). OKLAHOMA - Heavy, damaged lawns
and pastures in some areas of Latimer, Marshall, Bryan, Garvin,
and Kingfisher Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
A NOCTUID MOTH (Heliothis paradoxa) - ARIZONA - Larvae moderate
in many Bermuda grass seed fields at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz.
Coope, sure»). %
A WHITEFLY (Aleurocybotus occiduus) - ARIZONA - Expected to be
problem when Bermuda grass seed cleaned as honeydew heavy in many
fields in Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
RHODESGRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - ARIZONA - Heavy in some
Bermuda grass lawns in Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop Sue.
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-25
per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and Canadian Counties. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Larvae heavy in some alfalfa in Wilbarger
County. Much foliage destroyed and controls applied in some
cases. Adults heavy in alfalfa in Wilbarger County past 14
days. (Boring). NEW MEXICO - Very light on alfalfa at Roswell,
Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. -Rpt.).
ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) -— OREGON - Adult activity
increased in Keizer and St. Paul areas of Marion County. Black-
light trap counts at Keizer increased from 4 during period ending
September 26 to 16 for period ending October 4. At St. Paul,
counts increased from 2 to 10 for same periods. (Penrose).
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MISSOURI - Adults ranged 2-11
per sweep of alfalfa in southwest and west-central areas. Fresh
egg punctures seen in all fields checked. (Munson).
MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - ILLINOIS - Populations
in alfalfa and clover light again in 1972. Averaged less than one
adult per sweep. Heaviest in northeast district; averaged 0.7 per
Sweep. Populations considered noneconomic. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.).
GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS - Ranged 2.2-3.6 per square yard in
alfalfa and clover in northernmost 5 districts surveyed. Averaged
2.7 per square yard statewide. Not expected to be problem in 1973.
Cle inns Rpt) is
- 694 -
|
SOYBEANS
|
|
}
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) -— TEXAS - Infestations of this
species, Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper), and Acrosternum hilare
(green stink bug) heavily damaged soybeans in Matagorda County
past 7 days. (Cole).
|
‘SOYBEAN LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) - ALABAMA - Young larvae
of this species and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) ranged 100-
200 per 1-2 row feet of soybeans in plot in Prattville field,
Autauga County, September 29. Controls planned. (Henderson at alee
‘BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MISSISSIPPI - Averaged
1.4 per row foot in soybeans in Washington County. (Robinson).
ALABAMA - Light populations fed on leaves during August and
‘September in most all soybean fields in west area; infestations
much lighter than past 2 years. (Lashley et al.).
GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) - OKLAHOMA - Adults and
nymphs ranged 10-15 per soybean plant in some areas of Garvin and
Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TOBACCO
TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae
heavy on regrowth tobacco in Coastal Plain, especially on sucker
growth of cut stalks not plowed out. Spot checks revealed 1 larva
per bud (often 5+ per cut stalk) in fields from Wilson County
southward. Parasitism low. (Ganyard).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
PYRALID MOTHS (Pyrausta spp.) - OREGON - P. ochosalis and P.
fumalis are new pests of peppermint in State. Larvae feed within
underground stems (rhyzomes) causing infested plants to wilt.
Death of plant may follow, resulting in stand reduction. Present
distribution data fragmentary. One or both species found in
Umatilla, Benton, Linn, and Polk Counties. Known infestations
involve about 500 acres in eastern part of State and 200-500
acres in Willamette Valley. (Berry, Sept. 29).
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - COLORADO —- Adults of D. undec-
impunctata howardi (southern corn rootworm) and D. virgifera
(western corn rootworm) heavy in pumpkin field in Fort Collins
area, Larimer County. (Colo. Ins. Sur.).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - TENNESSEE - Adults,
immatures, and eggs heavy on tomatoes in Davidson County.
(Stamey, Greene).
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
LESSER APPLEWORM (Grapholitha prunivora) - IDAHO - Heavy in some
orchards and backyard trees in Canyon County where last cover
sprays omitted or short residual sprays used. (Homan).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TEXAS - Decreased on pecans
throughout south-central area past 7 days. Some damage reported
on pecans and persimmons in counties adjoining Guadalupe County.
(Cole).
- 695 -
ORNAMENTALS
AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - FLORIDA - Adults very
heavy on 90 percent of 300 azalea plants at Winter Garden, Orange
Counitye Chia Coops sul).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - TENNESSEE - Adults,
immatures, and eggs heavy on shrubbery in Davidson County. (Greene,
Stamey).
TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - ALABAMA - Infested 90+ percent of all
Camellia japonica shrubs throughout State. Most important scale
on camellia and Burford holly in State. (McQueen).
AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonidia clavigera) - FLORIDA - Adults
light on 5 camellia plants at nursery at Sarasota, Sarasota County.
This is a new county record. (Ela. (Coops Sux
A SOFT SCALE (Pulvinaria mesembryanthemi) - CALIFORNIA - Infested ~
ice plant at Vallejo, Napa County. Previously reported in same
area in 1971. Second infestation in same yard after 25-year
absence from State. Immediate treatment planned. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.)..
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - OREGON - Larvae
found infesting 9 Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) April 19 at
large field nursery in eastern Multnomah County. Infested trees
found at several locations within nursery destroyed; all others
treated. Total of 1,862,420 pines checked on 101 properties by
April 28, mostly in eastern Multnomah County. Specimens determined
by R.L. Westcott. Confirmed by D.R. Davis. (Westcott et al.).
Fall survey of several large nurseries in eastern Multnomah
County within one mile of nursery where this pest occurred in
spring of 1972 completed. No larvae or suspect damage found in
these nurseries. (Larson et al.).
ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - OREGON - Damage |
widespread in residential area of southwest Portland, Multnomah
County; few larvae found, indicating high mortality. (Larson).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - MARYLAND - Adults
killed 70 large Virginia pine trees in large planting near
Chestertown, Kent County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) -—- OKLAHOMA -
Infestations moderate and scattered on oaks in Stillwater area,
Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae caused
light to moderate damage to oaks in following locations: Tucker
County, collected by J.E. Salmon; Upshur County, collected by J.
Mitchell; Doddridge County, collected by J. Mills; Greenbrier
County, collected by G. Harmon. All determined by J.D. Hacker.
These are new county records. (Hacker).
ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae ©
caused 80 percent defoliation of chestnut and oak trees in Cabell
and Mason Counties. Also taken on chestnut in Braxton County by
R.D. Whipkey September 22. Determined by J.D. Hacker. This is a
new county record. (Hacker).
“696.
A TORTRICID MOTH (Archips semiferanus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infesta-
tion in Sproul State Forest in Clinton and Centre Counties heavy
on 94,640 acres, moderate on 40,460 and light on 24,480 acres.
This infestation began in 1970, collasped in 1972, but left many
trees in this mixed-oak forest dead or dying. (Keeran, Sept. 22).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - TENNESSEE - Caused heavy
defoliation of hardwood trees in Davidson and surrounding
counties. (Stamey, Greene). NEW MEXICO - Heavily damaged many
shade trees in Dona Ana County. Larvae moved into houses and
became nuisance. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - OREGON - Appears much
heavier in northwest area than in past years. (Boyer).
ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - PENNSYLVANIA -
About 4,000 adults taken in light trap operated 3 nights near
Darlington, Beaver County. (Carter, Sept. 27).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,018 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period September 24-30
as follows: Texas 3,652; New Mexico 111; Arizona 141; California
2; Oklahoma 109; Florida 1; Alabama 1; Georgia 1 (field diagnosis).
Case at Demopolis, Alabama, traced directly to animals shipped
from Snyder, Texas. Case near Sebring, Florida, found in native
cow not known to be associated with any animal movements. Case
in Georgia also in local animal; larvae removed from eye wound.
These are first cases reported from the Southeastern States.
Total of 2,550 cases reported from Mexico. Number of sterile
flies released in U.S. this period totaled 159,300,000 as follows:
Texas 137,360,000; New Mexico 5,790,000; Arizona 12,250,000;
California 900,000; Louisiana 1,400,000; Florida 1,600,000. Total
of 30,660,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - MONTANA - Occasionally seen on
livestock during warm periods. Adults nuisance by entering
buildings. (Pratt, Sept. 29). KENTUCKY - Adults averaged 17.6
per animal in Simpson County and 8 per animal in Monroe County.
(Barnett). MISSISSIPPI - Adults ranged 2-3 per face, up to 10 per
face, on mixed breeds of cattle in Monroe County. (Robinson).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in
Craig, Garvin, and Comanche Counties; moderate in Pawnee,
Garfield, and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND -
This species, Musca autumnalis (face fly), and Stomoxys calcitrans
(stable fly) declined rapidly. Counts throughout State less than
2 per head on beef and dairy cattle. (U. Md:, Ent. Dept.).
MOSQUITOES - WISCONSIN - Numerous and biting in southern counties.
Most noticeable in Racine, Kenosha, Walworth, Dane, and
Lafayette Counties. Aedes trivittatus most troublesome in south-
western area cornfields. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on hogs in
Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
- 697 -
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
A CHALCID WASP (Brachymeria intermedia) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- This
pupal parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) released at 3
sites (250 per location) in Horry County where male P. dispar
moths previously trapped. (McKee).
AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) - WEST VIRGINIA - Total of
42,000 specimens of this egg parasite of Porthetria dispar
(gypsy moth) released at 4 sites in Berkeley County; 68,000
released at 4 sites in Jefferson County; 12,000 released at one
site each in Hampshire, Hardy, and Pendleton Counties. Releases
made September 28 by State Department of Agriculture. (Hacker).
A SCOLIID WASP (Scolia dubia) - WEST VIRGINIA - Adult flight
heavy over lawn of Ohio Valley Experiment Farm at Point
Pleasant, Mason County. Collected and determined by J.D.
Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Pasture grass
core samplings at one location near Custer, Whatcom County,
indicated population of 1,000+ per square foot, mostly first
instar. (Campbell, Davison).
GRASSHOPPERS - UTAH - Adults infested 16,572 rangeland acres in
Box Elder, Iron, Juab, Millard, Rich, Sanpete, Tooele, Uintah,
and Utah Counties. Light populations moved into fall emerging
wheat in Blue Creek area of Box Elder County. (Watson, Knowlton).
KANSAS - Fall survey showed economic infestation (8+ per square
yard) primarily limited to areas in southern Meade County and
along Cimarron River in Seward County; involves estimated 200,000
acres of rangeland and 100,000 acres of cropland. Melanoplus
differentialis, M. bivittatus, and M. sanguinipes major species.
Localized economic infestations on estimated 150,000 rangeland
acres and 50,000 cropland acres found in Comanche, Barber, Kiowa,
and Edwards Counties. Major species include Ageneotettix deorum,
Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Drepanopterna femoratum, M.
differentialis, M. femurrubrum, and M. bivittatus. Substantial
but noneconomic infestations (3-7 per square yard) common in parts
of several counties in south-central, southwest, and west-central
districts. Major species in all areas of State M. differentialis,
M. bivittatus, and M. femurrubrum. (Bell). OKLAHOMA - Damage,
mostly by M. differentialis, usually confined to first 10-15 rows
of scattered wheat fields in few central and west-central
counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - See "A CHALCID WASP" and "AN
ENCYRTID WASP" under BENEFICIAL INSECTS, page 698.
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Spotty
medium to heavy infestations in Mesilla Valley cotton fields.
Few fields in Dona Ana County hatch area show late buildup of
young larvae. Infestation more extensive than previously believed.
WAM Cooper pit:
WEST INDIAN SUGARCANE ROOT BORER (Diaprepes abbreviatus) -
FLORIDA - Taken on sumac (Rhus sp.), hickory (Carya sp.), wax
myrtle (Myrica cerifera), blackberry (Rubus betulifolius), and
live oak (Quercus virginiana) at Apopka, Orange County, for new
host plants Crla.mCoopmmour.)-
- 698 -
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COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COM],
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COUNTIES WITH COLORED DOT ARE PARTH«
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SUPPRESSIVE AREA--STATE AND FEDERA Se
(ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR FA (ES
STATE REGULATIONS ONLY.
(ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR
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RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON THE MO
ARTICLES FROM A REGULATED AREA AS
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NEW JERSEY
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REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING REGULAT
Revised July 10, 1972
WHITE FRINGED BEETLE QUARANTINES
EEE ES
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
COOPERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES
COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED;
INTIES WITH COLORED DOT ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED.
cou!
GENERALLY INFESTED AREA--STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS.
gs | (ERADICATION TREATMENTS NOT IN PROGRESS OR PLANNED.)
SUPPRESSIVE AREA--STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS.
ga (ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR IN PROGRESS.)
STATE REGULATIONS ONLY.
= (ERADICATION TREATMENTS APPLIED OR IN PROGRESS.)
ERADICATED--REGULATIONS REMOVED.
RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON THE MOVEMENT OF REGULATED
ARTICLES FROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS:
1, RED INTO OR THROUGH GREEN, BLUE, OR WHITE.
2, GREEN INTO OR THROUGH BLUE OR WHITE.
3, GREEN INTO GREEN.
4, GREEN WITHIN GREEN®.
5, BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA°°?.
© WHEN IT IS DETERMINED BY THE INSPECTOR THAT A HAZARD eee
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Revised July 10, 1972
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HAWAII INSECT REPORT
seneral Vegetables - BEAN FLY (Melanagromyza phaseoli) heavy on
Tong beans in small community garden at Lanai City, Lanai;
infested 80 percent of petioles. Heavy in home garden snap beans
1t Kaunakakai, Molokai. (Olson et al.). All stages of ONION
THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) heavy in 15 acres of bulb onion at Hoolehua,
folokai. Adults light in 100-foot row of green onions at Lanai
sity. (Fujimoto et al.). On Oahu, LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.),
;REENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), and CARMINE
SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) light in 0.25 acre of egg-
plant at Kahaluu; Liriomyza spp. mines light in about 50 percent
»9f leaves. Liriomyza spp. and T. vaporariorum light in
udjacent 2,000 square feet of long beans. T. vaporariorum light
in 0.75 acre of bittermelon at Halawa. T. cinnabarinus moderate
in 0.25 acre of eggplant at Waimanalo; restricted mostly to older
leaves. Adults and larval mines of Liriomyza spp. heavy in 0.1
cre of green onion at Makawao, Maui; about 75 percent of leaves
affected. Adults heavy and larval mines light in 300-foot row of
ssoplant at Lanai City, Lanai. (Miyahira, Kawamura).
‘ruits and Nuts —- Small to moderate colonies of COCONUT SCALE
(Aspidiotus destructor) on about 20 percent of plants in 0.5 acre
9f banana at Kahaluu, Oahu. Parasites and predators nil. (Kawamura).
forest and Shade Trees - CLIDEMIA THRIPS (Liothirps urichi)
jurposely introduced from Fiji for control of the weed Clidemia
1irta. In forest reserves throughout Oahu, nymphs and adults
noderate on young flushing terminals with up to 50 thrips
on underside of single leaf. Damage, characterized by terminal
shlorosis, evident on about 50 percent of examined shrubs. Although
jetrimental to plants, this thrips seldom causes death under
Jawaiian conditions. At 4,000 feet elevation on Mt. Kaala, Oahu,
100 percent of several native manono trees (Gouldia sp.) exhibited
large gall-like structures caused by boring larvae of a GELECHIID
MOTH (Aristotelia sp.). As many as 4 galls per foot-long branching
terminal; some trees with 100 percent of terminals infested.
toadside Maui pamakani shrubs (Eupatorium glandulosum) on Mt.
Kaala showed 100 percent terminal-gall infestation caused by larvae
9f EUPATORIUM GALL FLY (Procecidochares utilis). P. utilis
introduced from Mexico in 1945. Now established on all infested
islands and exerting year-round stress on weed pest. GREENHOUSE
THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) severe on Acacia koa saplings
at 3,000 feet elevation in Lapahoehoe Forest Reserve, Hawaii.
Foliage of damaged plants heavily spotted with excrement and
conspicuously discolored. Chlorotic condition caused by feeding
ounctures of this sap sucking pest. Megaphragma mymaripenne (a
trichogrammatid wasp), a parasite of H. haemorrhoidalis eggs,
Aot observed in field. (Yoshioka). Bah sna NES
Generai Pests - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) caused heavy
foliar damage in 0.1 acre of edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) at
Kahaluu, Oahu; 80 percent of leaves with 10-70 percent of leaf
surface eaten. Chemical control application minimal. Foliar damage
moderate on 500 false kamani (Terminalia catappa) saplings at
Maunalei, Lanai. (Miyahira, Kawamura). A LYGAEID BUG (Neacoryphus
bicrucis) heavy on terminals of 250 potted African tulip
(Spathodea campanulata) seedlings at Waikoloa, Hawaii; up to 10
(average 4) adults per plant. This is a new island record. N.
bicrucis now occurs on every island except Kauai. (Matayoshi).
= 69 9u—
TRAP COLLECTIONS
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Gainesville 9/29-10/5
FLORIDA
Bowling Green 10/5
Monticello 9/28
KENTUCKY
MISSISSIPPI (County)
Washington 9/29-10/5
NEW HAMPSHIRE (County)
Strafford 9/30
Central 9/19-10/2
Southeast 9/19-10/2
Southwest 9/19-10/2
PENNSYLVANIA (District)
700 -
TENNESSEE (County)
Franklin 10/2-6
TEXAS
Waco 9/28-10/5
Hartford 9/26-10/1
Lancaster 9/29-10/3
Mazomanie 9/30-10/4
WISCONSIN
DETECTION
New County and Island Records - AN ARMORED SCALE (Pseudaonidia
Clavigera) FLORIDA - Sarasota (p. 696). A LYGAEID BUG
(Neacoryphus bicrucis) HAWAII - Hawaii (p. 699). ORANGESTRIPED
OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) WEST VIRGINIA - Braxton (p. 696). A
SCOLIID WASP (Scolia dubia) WEST VIRGINIA - Mason (p. 698).
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) WEST VIRGINIA -
Tucker, Upshur, Doddridge, Greenbrier (p. 696).
LESSER GRAIN BORER (Rhyzopertha dominica) WEST VIRGINIA - Adults
numerous in animal stuffed with sorghum and barley seeds imported
from Mexico. Collected by B.C. Stinnett August 29. Determined by
T.J. Spilman. (Hacker).
Weather of the week continued from page 692.
TEMPERATURE: Sunny skies prevailed over most of the Nation early
in the week. Maximums Monday, October 2, ranged from the 50's
and 60's in the Northeast to the 80's and 90's in the Southwest.
Phoenix, Arizona, registered 101 degrees October 2. The Deep South
was warm and muggy. Subfreezing weather occurred one or two
mornings over the northern and central Rocky Mountains and east-
ward to the Great Lakes. Cooler autumn weather replaced mild
weather as the weekend approached. Weekly mean temperatures were
3 to 5 degrees above normal over Nevada and 3 to 5 degrees below
normal over the southern Appalachians. Elsewhere, temperatures
averaged very close to normal.
- 701 -
MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
Selected References
1967-1969
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and »
Technical Support Staff.
Arroyo, M., Mellado, L., Jiménez, A., and Caballero, F. 1968.
Tests on the eradication of Ceratitis capitata Wied. from the
island of Tenerife by the sterile-male method. Bol. Pat. Veg.
Ent. Agr. 30(1967-68) :233-249. In Sp.
Arroyo, M., Mellado, L., Jimenez, A., and Caballero, F. 1968. The
influence of various feeding diets on oviposition in
a capitata Wied. Bol. Pat. Veg. Ent. Agr. 30(1967-
S)) Sea Sea sie -
Awadallah, A. and Faris, F. 1969. Application of certain
dimethoate compounds on peaches for control of the Medfly,
Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Bul. Ent.
Soc. Egypt, Econ. Ser. 3:75-80.
Barroso, C., Municio, A. M., and Ribera, A. 1969. Biochemistry of
the developments of the insects Dacus oleae and Ceratitis
capitata-evolution of total fatty acids. Compar. Biochem.
Physiol. 28(1):239-244.
Berville, P. 1969. Control of the Mediterranean fruit-fly in
Spain. Phytoma 21(210) :35-36.
Brnetic, D. 1968. Effect of the number of eggs cultured on the
amount and weight of Mediterranean fruit fly chrysalises
obtained. Contemporary Agr. 17(3):65-70.
Calabretta, C. 1967. Adult emergence, Sex ratio and mating
behaviour in Ceratitis capitata. Bol. Lab. Ent. Agr. Filippo
SPLvesitz sooo Zoi netale ine Pe Sum.
Cals-Usciati, J. 1969. Influence of physiological condition of
host Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera) on development of
parasite Opius concolor Szepl. (Hymenoptera). Acad. Sci.
Compt. Rend. Ser. D, 269(3):342-344. In Fr.
Causse, R. and Féron, M. 1967. Influence of the photoperiodic
rhythm on the seal activity of the Mediterranean fruit fly
C. capitata. Ann. Epiphyt. 18(2) :175-192. In Fr., Engl. Sum:
Cohen, I. and Cohen, J. 1967. Centrally organized control of the
Mediterranean yeu fite fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in citrus
groves in Israel. Tel-Aviv, Agrotech. Div. Citrus Bd. Israel.
Bi OO) 4
Cordes, R. E. 1968. Preliminary data on labeled Mediterranean
fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), with 32p_ Soc.
Ent. Argentina Rev. 31(1/4) :23-32.
= 702 —
Cordes, R. E. 1969. Preliminary data on the marking of Ceratitis
capitata with radioactive phosphorus. Revta Soc. Ent. Argent.
3Gl/4):23-32 .in Sp., fone). .sum .
Costa, M. V. Da. 1967. Ability to regulate the mesothoracic dorsal
disk by Ceratitis capitata Wied (Diptera, Trypetidae). Acad.
Sci. Compt. Rend. Ser. D, 264(8):1058-1061. In Fr.
Costilla, M. A. 1967. The importance of the Mediterranean fruit-
fly (C. capitata) on citrus in Tucuman and its control.
Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Bul.’ No. 105. 12 pp. San Miguel de
Tucuman. Engl. Sum.
Gucechi, N. J. A.w, La Red, F. C.,/and Wouters, O. 1968. Preliminary
tests on the fruit-fly C. capitata. Idia 245:23-38. In
Sp. Py
Damiano, A. 1967. Organophosphates for control of Mediterranean
fruit fly on peaches. Internatl. Pest Control 9(6):14-16.
De La Puerta Castello, L. 1967. Ceratitis capitata treatment in
Castellon Province. Agr. 36(418):66-69. Map. In Sp. Madrid
Feron, M. 1969. Studies on the Mediterranean fruit fly in Tunisia.
Panel Insect Ecol. and Sterile-Male Tech. Proc. 1967:83-85.
In Fr., Engl. Sum.
Fletcher, B. S. 1969. The structure and function of the sex
pheromone glands of the male queensland fruit fly, Dacus
tryoni. J. Insect Physiol. 15(8):1309-1322.
Hafez, M. and Ezzat, M. A. 1967. Does the Mediterranean fruit fly,
Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), occur in the New Valley in
U.A.R.? Agr. Res. Rev. 45(2):97-101. Cairo
Hafez, M., Ezzat, M. A., Fares, F., and Awadallah, A. M. 1967.
Mass rearing of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis
capitata (Wied.), on artificial medium in U.A.R. Aermkes
Rev. 45(2):77-90. Cairo
Hafez, M. and Fares, F. 1967. Annual number of generations of the
Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) in
U.A.R. Agr. Res. Rev. 45(2):91-96. Cairo
Haltebourg, M. 1967. Study on the persistence of the insecticides
most widely used against Ceratitis capitata. Al Awamia 19
(1966):1-16. Ara., Engl., and Sp. Sum.
Haltebourg, M. 1967. Tests on the control of larvae of Ceratitis
in apricots before picking. Al Awamia 19(1966):17-25. Ara.,
Engl., and Sp. Sum.
Holbrook, F. R. and Fujimoto, M. S. 1969. Mediterranean fruit
flies and melon flies trapped at various heights with syn-
thetic lures. J. Econ. Ent. 62(4) :962-963.
Od) —
Jalloul, A. 1968. Observations concerning various treatments used
in Lebanon in 1966 against Ceratitis capitata Wied. Fruits
23(8) :415-421. In Fr., Engl. Sum., p. 447
Kaminski, E. 1967. The possibilities of the acclimatisation of the
Mediterranean fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata) in Poland on the
basis of its ecology. Pr. Nauk. Inst. Ochr. RoSl. 9(2):145-
160. In Pol., Rus. and Engl. Sum.
Katiyar, K. P. 1968. Use of cheap yeasts in the larval diet of the
Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). Turrialba
(18(3) :264-267. In Sp., Engl. Sum.
Katiyar, K. P. and Ferrer, F. 1967. Effect of exposure of irradi-
ated pupae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis
capitata, to high temperatures. Turrialba (Costa Rica) 17(1):
31-34. In Sp.
Keiser, I. 1968. Residual effectiveness of foliar Sprays against
the oriental fruit fly, melon fly, and Mediterranean fruit
Ply. cc. Heons bint. GlkC2)y436—4431.
Keiser, I. and Schneider, E. L. 1969. Longevity, resistance to
deprivation of food and water, and susceptibility to mala-
thion and DDT of oriental fruit flies, melon flies, and
Mediterranean fruit flies sexually sterilized with tepa or
radiation. J. Econ. Ent. 62(3) :663-667.
Keiser, I. and Schneider, E. L. 1969. Need for immediate sugar and
ability to withstand thirst by newly emerged oriental fruit
flies, melon flies, and Mediterranean fruit flies untreated
or sexually sterilized with gamma radiation. J. Econ. Ent.
62(3) :539-540.
Kokolis, N. 1968. Biochemical studies of purine catabolism in
Ceratitis capitata. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 25(2) :683-691.
Marot, G. 1968. Evolution of reproductive capacity in the males of
Ceratitis capitata. Ann. Epiphyt. 19(1):199-200. In Fr.
Nadel, D. J. and Guerrieri, G. 1969. Experiments on Mediterranean
fruit fly control with the sterile-male technique. Panel
Sterile-Male Tech. Erad. Cont. Harmful Insects Proc. 1967:
97-105.
Nadel’, D. J.; Monro, J, Pelee, B. Aj, and Pilsdor, eH Cea Jone
A method of releasing sterile Mediterranean fruit fly adults
from aircraft. J. Econ. Ent. 60(4) :899-902.
Nakagawa, S., Cunningham, R. T., and Farias, G. J. 1969.
Differentiation of parasitized and unparasitized pupae of the
melon fly and oriental and Mediterranean fruit flies. J.
Econ. Ent. 62(4):970-971.
Nakagawa, S., Farias, G. J., and Urago, T. 1968. Newly recognized
hosts of the oriental fruit fly, melon fly, and Mediterranean
Pruitt Plye Senco. Ent. iol@)r339—540r
- 704 -
Ohinata, K. and Steiner, L. F. 1967. Comparative damage to auto-
mobile finishes of promising bait-Spray toxicants for fruit
PULLS. ds Meo. ines SO(S)) 3704707
Planes, S. and Del Rivero, J. M. 1968. Notes on tests on the
control of the fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata). Bol. Pat.
Veg. Ent. Agr. 30(1967-68) :299-305. In Sp.
Sanders, W. 1968. Oviposition behavior of the Mediterranean
fruitfly, Ceratitis capitata Wied., its dependence on the
color and make up of environment. Z. Tierpsychol. 25(5) :588-
607. In Ger., Engl. Sum.
Scherney, F. and Haisch, A. 1967. Mass breeding and Sterilization
of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Bayer.
Landwirt. Jahrbuch 44(6):748-756. Map. In Ger.
Scherney, F. and Haisch, A. 1968. On the rearing and Sterilization
of insect pests, eSpecially the Mediterranean fruit-—fly
€. capitata Wied. Anz. Schddlingsk. 41(1):7-14. Engl. and Fr.
Sum.
Selim, O. F. 1967. Studies on the Mediterranean fruit-fly,
Ceratitis capitata Wied., in U.A.R. (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 51:315-341. Pub. 1969.
Selim, O. F. 1969. Experiments on the control of Ceratitis
Gapitata (Wied. )l in U.A UR. (iptera: Tephritadae)mmbul. Ent.
Soc. Egypt, Econ. Ser. 3:1-7.
Simon F., J. E. 1969. Present stage of research into the eradi-
cation of the Mediterranean and South American fruit flies
and the cotton Sstainer in Peru by the sterile-male technique.
Panel Sterile-Male Tech. Erad. Cont. Harmful Insects Proc.
pp. 115-121.
Steiner, L. F. 1969. A method of estimating the size of native
populations of oriental, melon, and Mediterranean fruit
flies, to establish the overflooding ratios required for
sterile-male releases. J. Econ. Ent. 62(1):4-7.
Steiner, L. F. 1969. Mediterranean fruit fly research in Hawaii
for sterile fly release program. Panel Insect Ecol. and
Sterile-male Tech. Proc.:73-82.
Tanaka, N., Steiner, L. F., Ohinata, K., and Okamoto, R. 1969.
Low-cost larval rearing medium for mass production of
oriental and Mediterranean fruit flies. J. Econ. Ent. 62(4):
967-968.
Turica, A. 1968. A Central American plan for the eradication of
the Mediterranean fruit fly. IDIA (Inst. Nac. Tecnol.
Agropecuar.) 247:1-12. In Sp.
Turica, A. 1968. Biological control as a means for the control of
fruit flies. Idia 241:29-38.
= OS =
Turica, A. 1968. The Central American plan for the eradication of
the Mediterranean fruitfly. Idia 247:1-12.
U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Plant Pest Control Division,
1968. Mediterranean fruit fly eradication in Lower Rio
Grande Valley. Emergency preparedness in action. U.S. Agr.
Res. Serv. ARS 81-29. 25 pp.
Sat, aise cna = Ses
Valega, T. M. and Beroza, M. 1967. Structure-activity relation- |
ships of some attractants of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Wi
J. Econ. Ent. 60(2) :341-347. |
Valega, T. M. and Coauthors. 1967. Candidate attractants for |
control of the Mediterranean fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 60(3) 3!
835-844.
Vargues, H. 1969. Effect of different antibiotics on larval
development of fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied). Paris
Soc. Biol. Compt. Rend. 163(8/9):1915- 5-191 Sou in be.
Yana, A. 1968. The phenomenon of chemical attraction in Ceratitisi
capitata Wied (Diptera, Trypetidae). I. Tunisie, Inst. Nat. |
Rech. Agron. Doc. Tech. 37. 18 pp. In Fr.
Baits and sex attractants.
U.S. Dept. Agr 3}
Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpjj
Technical Support Staff 22(41) :702-706, 19%
- 706 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
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OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR-
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VOL. 22 No. 42 October 20, 1972
SB
G77 Ext.
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 October 20, 1972 Number 42
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
CORN EARWORM severely damaged soybeans in Alabama. (p. 709).
GREENBUG heavy on winter wheat in Nebraska and South Dakota.
Goneco9)).
First POTATO SCAB GNAT incident in Idaho in 20 years. (p. 711).
Detection
A CONIFER APHID reported for the first time in Virginia.
Gog eles
For new county records see page 714.
Special Reports
Gypsy Moth. Additional Selected References 1967-1969. (pp. 717-
lS) is
Pink Bollworm Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold).
Reports in this iSsue are for week ending October 13 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 707 -
CONTENTS
Specialy Insiectsi ot (Ree tonal Sionastcance seis eee eer eciene helene 709
Insects Affecting
Conn-) Sorchum, susarcanes. 27097 Sugary Beet Si ceieecla cen alent
Smal G ran). 595 Ceawevente eveyone te 710 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers.711
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..710 General Vegetables.......... 711
Forace Wesumeseys aie rreieeke or 710 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...711
SOV SANS eae cre ted ie onsite valtoreireters (iL Ornamentals. ¢ 6)4%. 20 ee ee 712
POA MUSE, ceotavenemewelnet el hetomss boca s 711 Forest and Shade Trees...... 712
COTTON ere is aise ae eleekerel etic ieetetente (AS Man and Animals oceeeeeee 713
Benefieta lL, INSETS aie eis ahelientenes 6 eeee avieyior qieveiie: 3) lel allel else etaieteale eee ene 713
Federal and State Pllant Protection Programs .. a2. eee 713
Hawaii InSee@t REPOM i. ss ciecc ce scase Cee tene oe erie cloneye) oie seuleitele ceiheteiee etait meee 714
De GEC EVOM 6 oi wos aisenSineve eye Se ceseide = Setar ts lailey ais ive. else calfalisiretls eae aaNet eae an 714
COL CSCSTLO MS io 3h OF rece tama aciat ay aha tie arte allel tet at alates a a Ota a an ae 714
hasht) Trap (Collec tW@oOms iy aie ei kik sels eo) ef eile re “elcljellar wijcuretia elias sie ease Reet ea 7L5a
Weaitiner (OF the) Week. aii we ieee eye al hese! Sueile: lors) wyvelreilies ses veliduele: outceenia testy eae naar 716
Gypsy Moth. Additional Selected References 1967-1969.......... 717
Pink Bollworm. Quarantines. Map. Centerfold.
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-OCTOBER TO MID-NOVEMBER 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-October to
mid-November calls for temperatures to average below seasonal
normal over the eastern half of the Nation except for near normal
along the north Atlantic Coast and in Florida. Below normal
temperatures are also indicated for the central Plateau region.
Above normal temperatures are expected along the Pacific Coast
and also in northern Montana. In unspecified areas near normal
temperatures are in prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed
normal over the northeastern quarter of the Nation as well as the
eentral and south Pacific Coast. Subnormal totals are indicated
for the Northwest and also the Gulf Coast States and Florida.
Elsewhere near normal amounts are expected.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National
Weather Service. You can Subscribe through the Superintendent of
Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
- 708 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Larval damage severe in
Baldwin and Mobile Counties on almost all 200,000 acres of soy-
beans. This pest and foliage feeders damaged most fields in
Covington County. (Turner et al.). TENNESSEE - Corn earworm
damaged 7 percent of pods in snap bean fields in Cumberland
County. (Mullins).
BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Nymph
emergence Slowed due to unseasonably cool weather during September
in all spray areas. Breeding still occurring and hatch expected
over next 21-28 days. Populations in Kern County ranged 60-70
percent nymphs in some areas. Percentage of first and second
instar nymphs low in most treatment areas. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 3-8 per
square foot of barley at Hobbs and Lovington, Lea County. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light, 1-5 per row foot of wheat, in 21
panhandle counties September 21 to October 2. (Daniels). KANSAS -
Heaviest, 0-12 per drill row foot, in Wichita County. (Bell).
NEBRASKA - Scattered light to moderate damage to winter wheat.
Occasional spots in 2 fields discolored in Gage County; counts
numbered 100+ per linear foot of drill row. Up to 150 per plant
in Polk County field; about 25 percent of this 6-acre field
destroyed. Light in Dawson County. Light in winter wheat from
North Platte, Lincoln County, south to Frontier and Red Willow
Counties. (Campbell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Continues to damage untreated
winter wheat throughout winter wheat range in State. Completely
destroyed untreated wheat east of Chamberlain, Brule County, to
near Bear Butte in western Meade County. Untreated winter wheat
in test plots near Kennebec, Lyman County, had up to 5,710 aphids
per 3 feet of row. About 0.75-1.0 inch of precipitation on October
4-5 helped wheat. Daytime temperatures in the 60's and 70's
helped parasites and lady beetles to maintain above normal
populations. (Jones).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Counts of
3,000 per 100 sweeps of alfalfa from one Gila Valley field and
200 per 100 sweeps from Yuma Mesa, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
OKLAHOMA - Moderate on alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, Caddo, and
Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - KANSAS - Infested corn-
stalks by county: Greeley 4 percent (1 field), Lane 0-12 percent
(2 fields), and Ness 20 percent (1 field). Collected and determined
by M. Shuman. These are new county records. (Bell). NORTH DAKOTA -
Fall survey showed increase in southeast district. Borers up to
650 (averaged 140) per 100 plants; averaged 130 per 100 plants in
1971. Decreased in Cass, Dickey, and Sargent Counties. Increased
in Richland and Ransom Counties. Infested plants up to 100 (average
53) percent; averaged 52 percent in 1971. No second-brood larval
infestation this season. (Brandvik, Kaatz). WISCONSIN - Fall survey
completed. Decreased in all districts except in the north-central;
east-central district remained the same. Fivefold decrease in
southwest and west-central districts. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
= OS) =
ILLINOIS - Larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis, almost 5 per plant,
infested 3 fields of field corn in Henderson County with 40 per-
cent of stalks broken below the ear and 10 percent of ears on the
ground. An exceptional case, overall populations low for 1972.
(111. Ins. Rpt.). KENTUCKY - Percent plants infested (and borers
per 100 plants) by county: Daviess 39.2 (21.6), Hopkins 19.2
(6,0), Warren 6,0 (none). (Barnett). VERMONT - Fall survey com-
plete. State averaged 14.8 percent infested corn and 14.4 borers
per 100 plants. Heaviest in Grand Isle County with 42 percent in-
fested corn and 43 borers per 100 plants. (Benedict).
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy
on corn in Cimarron County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Severe
lodging of cornstalks still reported in Morgan and Blount Counties.
(Rutledge, Lloyd). KENTUCKY - Collected October 10 by D. Barnett
in Hardin County. This is a new county record. (Barnett).
SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KANSAS - Moderate on heads.
of late sorghum in Woodson County; trace in late sorghum in Coffey
County. (Bell).
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy,
averaged 10 per head in 10-head sample, in late-planted Noxubee
County sorghum field. Destroyed 60 percent of grain in each head.
(Robinson). KANSAS - Adults trace on blooming heads of late
sorghum in Saline, Ottawa, and Coffey Counties. (Bell).
SMALL GRAINS
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae declined
in many areas due to pupation. Still moderate to heavy on small
grains in Pawnee, Roger Mills, Cleveland, Love, and Marshall Coun-
tiles) n (Oka COOps Stile).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Heavy on Coastal
Bermuda pastures in Brazos County past 7 days. Controls applied.
(Cole). MISSISSIPPI - Larvae damaged 600 acres of ryegrass in
Madison County. (Robinson).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - ARIZONA - Adult flights
heavy at Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO —-
Larvae light, 5-10 per 25 sweeps, on alfalfa at Hobbs and Loving-
ton, ea, County. €NOM> Coop.) Rpt.) .
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on alfalfa
in Washita, Beckham, Caddo, and Custer Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.)
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ARKANSAS -
Specimens collected from alfalfa October 2 in Jefferson County
determined this species. Rare on alfalfa, common on soybeans in
Sitaives: | CAnkee ins OUIc sie
2EA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Heavy, 45-100 per
sweep (5 percent males), in some alfalfa on light soil in western
Jane and southern Sauk Counties. Much lighter in central and
southwestern parts of State. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
= 71lQ) =
SOYBEANS
SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Adults and
nymphs of this species and Euschistus servus (brown stink bug)
approaching damaging populations in several Houston County soy-
bean fields. Population and damage generally light over State for
1972. (Mathews et al.).
PEANUTS
REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - NEW MEXICO - Affected
30 percent of terminals in a peanut field in Lea County. (N.M.
Coop.) Rpt. ) <
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Damage
reported in 2 Hertford County peanut fields. Larvae in 5-10
percent of stems. Controls generally not practical this late in
season. (Hunt).
COTTON
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Counts in late cotton
averaged 11,000 per acre in irrigated fields and ranged 0-2,700
per acre in dryland fields in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ALABAMA - Up to 5 young weevils feeding per young boll in Cotton
Pest Management Area of Elmore and Autauga Counties where in
season controls stopped too soon before defoliation, especially
in non-defoliated fields. Few weevils reached firm diapause. Very
few weevils in 80+ percent of acres where full insect control
maintained and followed by third diapause weevil control program,
(Smith).
SUGAR BEETS
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - ARIZONA - Problem on young
Ssugarbeets at Yuma, Yuma County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
POTATO SCAB GNAT (Pnyxia scabiei) - IDAHO - Infested potatoes
collected by W. Henninger at Dry Lake area, Nampa, Canyon County.
Potatoes, examined by B.J. Landis, found to be infested on October
2. First confirmed incident in State in 20 years. (Portman).
TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in
greenhouse tomatoes in Copiah County. (Burnham).
GENERAL VEGETABLES
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Treatments applied
to lettuce in Yuma and Maricopa Counties. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
MARYLAND —- Fully grown larvae ranged 1-2 per 10 row feet in 100
acres of Spinach near Galena, Kent County. Controls applied.
CUeeviden mt. Depts).
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Heavily damaged
or completely defoliated many pecan trees in Dona Ana County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Infested pecan and shade trees in
Travis, Caldwell, Gonzales, Guadalupe and De Witt Counties.
Populations declined. (Cole).
= (ill =
WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Larval damage
on pecan trees still reported moderate to heavy in Bryan, Oklahoma,
and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA —- Popula-
tions and damage of this Species and Monellia spp. (yellow aphids)
still heavy in Baldwin, Macon, Covington, Bullock, Dale, and
other counties in southern area. Some controls still planned.
(Turner et al.).
APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - WISCONSIN - Alates
heavy on Prunus spp. in western Dane County; colonies built up.
No eggs found but nymphs contain eggs. (Wis. Ins. Sur.).
PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - UTAH - Adults very heavy in
orchard at mouth of Providence Canyon, Cache County. (Davis).
ORNAMENTALS
A CONIFER APHID (Cinara canadensis) - VIRGINIA - Taken on juniper
in Montgomery County July 6, 1972, by J.A. Weidhaas. Determined
by J.O. Pepper. This is a new State record. (Allen).
CRAPEMYRTLE APHID (Tinocallis kahawaluokalani) - MARYLAND - Very
heavy and injurious to plant at Baltimore. Population included
males, oviparous females, new eggs, and viviparous females.
Sexual’ forms rare. (U. Md:, Ent. Dept. )".
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - OKLAHOMA -
Heavy infestation on oaks in Bryan County declined. Fully grown
larvae left trees in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS -
Specimens submitted from Benton County. Determined by B.F. Jones.
Much lighter in northwest area than farther south. Attacked by
diseases and parasites in most areas. (Ark. Ins. Sur.). WEST
VIRGINIA - Larval damage heavy on about 300 acres of scattered
red and black oaks in Hardy County. (Jones, Oct. 4).
WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Heavy on oak
trees in Brazos County past 7 days. (Cole).
HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina fiscellaria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae
caused heavy defoliation of one hemlock tree at Buckhannon,
Upshur County. Collected by B.A. Smith October 2. This is a new
county record. Larvae caused 75 percent defoliation of hemlocks
in 3-acre area in Hancock County October 5. (Hacker).
SPINY OAKWORM (Anisota stigma) - TEXAS - Heavy on oaks at Conroe,
Montgomery County, past 7 days. (Cole).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Damage heavy on
many Shade trees in most of State. Larvae, a nuisance around
households. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) - NEW MEXICO - Damage heavy to
Siberian elms at Farmington, San Juan County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
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PINK BOLLWORM QUARANTINES |
| U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
COOPERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES
COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED;
COUNTIES PARTIALLY COLORED ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED.
j GENERALLY INFESTED AREA - STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS.
GR) suppressive area - STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS.
GER) stave ReGuiarrons onty - suppressive AREA.
Yo) ERADICATED — REGULATIONS REMOVED,
ESTRIGTIONS ARE IMPOSED ON MOVEMENT OF REGULATED ARTICLES
ROM A REGULATED AREA AS FOLLOWS:
CONSULT YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT
= ai Pacis PROTECTION INSPECTOR OR YOUR COUNTY
|, RED INTO OR THROUGH GREEN, BLUE HI AGENT FOR ASSISTANCE REGARDING EXACT
AREAS UNDER REGULATION AND REQUIREMENTS
2.GREEN INTO OR THROUGH BLUE OR WHITE. FOR MOVING REGULATED ARTICLES,
3.GREEN INTO GREEN.
4. WITHIN GREEN.®? (See Reverse Side for List of Regulated Articles)
5. BLUE INTO ANY OTHER AREA.
“IF IT 1S DETERMINED BY THE INSPECTOR THAT A HAZARD OF SPREAD EXISTS. Revised May 31, 1972
°
IF REQUIRED BY STATE REGULATIONS OR BY AN AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR.
THE FOLLOWING REGULATED ARTICLES REQUIRE A CERTIFICATE OR PERMIT
YEAR-ROUND EXCEPT AS INDICATED:
aL,
6.
di.
12
Cotton and wild cotton, including all parts of such plants.
Seed cotton.
Cottonseed.
Cottonseed hulls.
Cotton lint.
Baled cotton lint is exempt if compressed to a minimum of
22 pounds per cubic foot.
Baled cotton lint moving from the generally infested area
into the suppressive area is exempt if the lint is from
seed cotton produced in the suppressive area and moved to
the generally infested area for ginning, provided the
identity of the baled cotton lint is maintained.
Samples of cotton lint of the usual trade size are exempt.
The samples may be assembled in a single package for
shipment.
Cotton linters.
Linters are exempt if compressed to a minimum of
22 pounds per cubic foot.
Samples of.cotton linters of the usual trade size are
exempt. Samples may be assembled in a single package
for shipment.
Cotton waste produced at cotton gins, cottonseed oil mills, and
cotton textile mills.
Lint cleaner waste is exempt if compressed to a minimm
of 22 pounds per cubic foot.
Cotton gin trash.
Used bagging and other used wrappers for cotton.
Used cotton harvesting equipment and used cotton ginning and
cotton oil mill equipment.
Okra and kenaf, including all parts of such plants except
canned or frozen okra.
Edible okra is exempt if produced during the period
December 1 to May 15 inclusive, except that okra
consigned to California is exempt only if produced
during the period of January 1 to March 15 inclusive.
. Any other products, articles, or means of conveyance of any
character whatsoever, not covered by the above, when it is
determined by an inspector that they present a hazard of
spread of the pink bollworm and the person in possession
thereof has been so notified.
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,547 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period October 1-7 as
follows: Texas 3,300; New Mexico 80; Arizona 98; Oklahoma 63;
Arkansas 3; California 3. Total of 1,125 cases reported in
Mexico. Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period
totaled 159,318,000 as follows: Texas 133,730,000; New Mexico
5,580,000; Arizona 12,900,000; Louisiana 1,708,000; Florida
4,200,000; Alabama 200,000; Georgia 1,000,000. Total of 29,912,000
sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 750-1,000 per
head on cows and averaged 3,500 per head on bulls in Payne County.
Averaged 200 per head in Love County; moderate to heavy in
Cleveland, Hughes, Comanche, and Bryan Counties. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged 600+ on 65 beef cattle in
Oktibbeha County. Should be last generation before diapause.
(Robinson) .
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Increased, ranged
12-15 per head, on untreated dairy cattle past 14 days in Payne
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur:).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) - RHODE ISLAND - Released
60,000 against Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) eggs in Providence
County October 3. (Relli).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Percent
infested bolls ranged 0-40 in Lea County cotton field. (N.M.
Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Lint cleaner inspections revealed 275-
300 larvae per bale in Jefferson County and 10-15 per bale in
Canadian County. Green boll infestations averaged 75 percent and
90 percent in 2 cotton fields in Bryan County, 100 percent and
90 percent in 2 fields in Marshall County, 100 percent and 40
percent in 2 fields in Love County, 75 and 60 percent in 2
fields in Johnston County, and 50 percent in 1 field in Grady
County. Heavy green boll infestations also reported in south-
eastern Tillman County and a small ornamental planting in Noble
County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - CALIFORNIA -
Still active; infested area increased in Santa Clara County.
Controls applied as new finds made. No commercial grapes involved.
(Cals Coop. Rpt.).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - See BENEFICIAL INSECTS above,
= US =
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Corn - CORN PLANTHOPPER (Peregrinus maidis) heavy in 200 acres of
mature field corn at Kilauea, Kauai; nymphs and adults of Tytthus
mundulus (cane leafhopper egg sucker) heavy but not adversely
affecting planthopper population. (Sugawa).
General Vegetables - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza
Spp.) heavy in .5 acre of eggplant seedlings at Waianae, Oahu;
half of leaves (mostly older) with 80+ percent of leaf area mined.
TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) damage moderate; adults
light. Leafminer mines generally moderate in several plantings of
club gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) at this Same area; heavy on older
leaves despite weekly controls. Adults heavy in a 1,000 square
feet of mustard cabbage (Brassica juncea) adjacent to a .75-acre
planting of club gourd. (Kawamura) .
Fruits and Nuts - Small colonies of COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus
destructor) on less than 1 percent of pinnae of about 200 coconut
trees at Kahe Point, Oahu. (Kawamura). Moderate numbers of BLACK
THREAD SCALE (Ischnaspis longirostris) and an ERIOPHYID MITE
(Eriophyes litchii) on backyard Litchi chinensis trees at Lahaina,
Maui. (Miyahira).
General Pests - FULLER ROSE WEEVIL (Pantomorus cervinus) damage
heavy in yard plantings of Citrus sp. and Cordyline terminalis
at Makawao and lower Kula, Maui. (Miyahira).
Miscellaneous Pests - GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica)
activity light at Poipu, Kauai, during September; about 90
Snails collected and destroyed. Nil at Wahiawa. (Sugawa).
DETECTION
New State Record - A CONIFER APHID (Cinara canadensis) - VIRGINIA -
Montgomery County. (p. 712).
New County Records - EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) -
KANSAS - Greeley, Lane, Ness (p. 709). HEMLOCK LOOPER (Lambdina
fiscellaria) WEST VIRGINIA - Upshur (p. 712). SOUTHWESTERN CORN
BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) KENTUCKY - Hardin (p. 710).
CORRECTIONS
CEIR 22(40):685 - GRASSHOPPERS - Line 4: "... Trachyrachys
kiowa.'' Should read "... Trachyrhachys kiowa."
CEIR 22(41):699 - FOREST AND SHADE TREES: "... Liothirps urichi
Jo) Should s-eadgia - ) Liocthrmips uracil i
- 714 -
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
FLORIDA - Gainesville, 10/13, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta)
45, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 132, black cutworm (Agrotis
ipsilon) 13, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 9, fall armyworm
(Se frugiperda) 40, granulate cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 5,
tobacco budworm (H. virescens) 1, variegated cutworm (Peridroma
Saucia) 5.
KANSAS - Garden City, 9/25, 27, 10/2, 4, 9, 11, BL - Army cutworm
(Euxoa auxiliaris) 932, armyworm 76, black cutworm 38, corn ear-
worm 305, variegated cutworm 15, wheat head armyworm (Faronta
diffusa) 20, yellowstriped armyworm (S. ornithogalli) 3. Great
Bend, 9/27-10/10, BL - Army cutworm 248, armyworm 51, black cut-
worm 52, corn earworm 144, variegated cutworm 82, wheat head army-
worm 4, yellowstriped armyworm 2.
MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 10/6-12, 2BL, 50-87 degrees F., no
precip. - Armyworm 53, beet armyworm 1,914, black cutworm 17,
cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 9, corn earworm 212, fall army-
worm 152, granulate cutworm 118, tobacco budworm 53, variegated
cutworm 1.
NEW HAMPSHIRE - Lee, 10/9, BL - Black cutworm 1.
PENNSYLVANIA - (District) - Central, 10/4-11, BL - Army cutworm 1,
armyworm 10, black cutworm 1, corn earworm 1, variegated cutworm
3, yellowstriped armyworm 1. Northeast, 10/4-11, BL - Armyworm 1,
black cutworm 2, variegated cutworm 3. Southeast, 10/4-11, BL -
Armyworm 9, black cutworm 3, fall armyworm 2, variegated cutworm
6, yellowstriped armyworm 2.
TEXAS - Waco, 10/12, BL - Armyworm 350, beet armyworm 213, black
cutworm 11, cabbage looper 48, corn earworm 49, fall armyworm 92,
granulate cutworm 71, tobacco budworm 189, variegated cutworm 102,
yellowstriped armyworm 15.
VIRGINIA - Charlotte Court House, 9/26-10/6, BL - Armyworm 121,
black cutworm 36, tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) 2, tomato horn-
worm (M. quinquemaculata) 1. Holland, 9/26-10/10, BL - Armyworm
70, black cutworm 16, tomato hornworm 3. Warsaw, 9/27-10/9, BL -
Armyworm 115, black cutworm 22, tomato hornworm 4.
= 715 =
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 16
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Weak thunderstorms spattered the central Great
Plains early in the week. A storm centered over the Pacific Ocean,
west of California, provided light rain along the coast with snow
in nearby mountains. Another storm centered over the extreme
southern Saskatchewan caused cold, snowy weather in Montana. By
noon Tuesday, about 2 inches of snow covered the Great Falls area
and strong northerly winds spread snow into the northern Rocky
Mountains. Vigorous thunderstorms shaped up in Iowa and spread to
northern Illinois. Hail from 1 to 2 inches in diameter fell in
northeastern Iowa. AS air masses of differing temperature and
moisture characteristics battled along a long front that stretched
across the central Great Plains, showers and thunderstorms popped
up along the front and snow flurries occurred in the cold air north)
of the front. Isolated precipitation continued in northern A |
California midweek. Rain in the east spread, covering most of the
area from Illinois to the northern and middle Atlantic States.
The weekend brought light scattered rains over the central Great
Plains, the Deep South and the Northeast, light rain or snow in
the Northwest and central Rocky Mountains, and light to heavy
rain in northern and central California. Heavy rains in California
caused damaging mud slides in some hilly areas.
TEMPERATURE: A large Canadian High cooled the Northeast early in
the week. Maximum temperatures Monday afternoon ranged from the
40's from the Great Lakes to Maine to the 60's from the Dakotas |
to Virginia. Mild temperatures and mostly sunny skies continued ovel)
the South. In the West Monday afternoon, temperatures ranged from
the 70's in eastern Montana to the 90's in western Texas. Tuesday
morning brought subfreezing temperatures as far south as West
Virginia where Beckley registered 30 degrees. Gusty winds Monday
night brought subfreezing temperatures to eastern Montana by
Tuesday morning and held the afternoon temperatures in the 40's
over much of that area Tuesday afternoon. The maximum temperature
at Great Falls Monday was 73 and Tuesday 26 degrees. Corresponding
readings at Havre were 80 and 40 degrees. The northern Great
Plains remained cool Wednesday but extreme western Texas warmed
to the 90's, 98 degrees at Presidio. Considerable warming occurred
over the northern Great Plains Thursday. The Deep South continued. |
sunny and mild. Subfreezing temperatures occurred in parts of the
northern Great Plains and eastward to New England on Saturday and
Sunday morning.
|
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- 716 -
GYPSY MOTH ;
(Porthetria dispar (L.))
Additional Selected References
1967-1969
These references Supplement those published in CEIR 19(44):819-
820, 1969. Copies of these bibliographies are available from
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff.
Abdullaev, E. 1967. Parasites of eggs of the gypsy moth (Porthe-
tria dispar) (Orgyidae, Lepidoptera) according to findings
from Samarkand Region. In Akademiya Nauk Uzbekskoi SSR.
Institut Zoologii i Parazitologii. Poleznye i vrednye
bespozvonochnye zhivotnye Uzbekistana, pp. 25-29. In Rus.
Brown, G. S. 1968. Establishment of the gypsy moth, Porthetria
dispar L., in Canada. Ent. Soc. Ont. Proc. 99:12-13.
Cardinal, J. A. 1967. Control of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar,
in Quebec. Phytoprotection 48(2):92-100. In Fr., Engl. Sum.
Golubev, A. V. and Semevskii, F. N. 1969. Distribution of an
endemic population of the gypsy moth. Zool. Zh. 48(6):850-
oo09s in Rus -;
Krnjaic, S. 1967. A survey of the species and numbers of egg
parasites of the gypsy moth at various places in Yugoslavia.
ZaSt. Bilja 18(93/95):247-255. In Serb., Engl. Sum.
Leonard, D. E. 1969. Intrinsic factors cauSing qualitative changes
in populations of the gypsy moth. Ent. Soc. Ontario Proc.
100:195-199.
Magnoler, A. 1968. Laboratory and field experiments on the effec-
tiveness of purified and non-purified nuclear polyhedral
virus of Lymantria dispar L. Entomophaga 13(4):335-344. Fr.
Sum.
Maks imovic, M. 1969. Investigation of population dynamics of gypsy
moth by means of traps. Panel Insect Ecol. and Sterile-male
Tech. Proc.:9-19.
Maksimovic, M. and Marovic, R. 1967. The effect of the type of
trap on the attractiveness of the sex scent of females of the
gypsy moth. Zast. Bilja 18(93/95):115-123. In Serb., Engl.
Sum.
Mihalache, Gh. 1969. On the evolution of the useful entomofauna
of the gypSy moth in areas treated with bacterial prepara-
tious. Stud. si Cercet. Biol: Ser. Zool. 21(5):365-376. In
Rum.
Nagasawa, S. and Nakayama, I. 1968. Growth and its variation of
Kurashiki race of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L.; problems
on breeding of insects for biological assay of insecticides.
XLVII. Kontyu 36(3):237-249. In Jap.
Sra ei
Petre, Z., Caloianu, M., and Savulescu, A. 1968. Histopathological
studies concerning ‘the nuclear polyhedrosis virus changes
in Lymantria dispar L. larvae. Revue Roum. Biol.-Zool. IS(2)s
105-109. Bucharest.
Petre, Z. and Ploaie, P. 1969. Cell proliferations in Lymantria
dispar L. larvae infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
Experientia 25(8):842-844.
Romanyk, N. and De Montes, I. 1969. ha situacion de las plagas de
insectos forestales en espana durante el ano 1969. Bol. del |
Serv. de Plagas Forest. 12(24):135.
Rose, A. H. 1969. Noteworthy forest insects in Ontario in 1969. |
Entesoc fOntardo secoc >) 100-13:
Topalovic, M. 1969. Situation of gypsy moth in autumn, 1968. |
Biljni Lek. 14(1):9-11. In Serb. |
Turner, N. 1969. The gypsy moth in Connecticut. Conn. Agr. Expt.
Sirel, (ire, ASilo 8 yo-
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1969. The gypsy moth. U.S. Dept.
Agr. PA-910. 6p.-folder.
Vasiljevic, Lj. and Injac, M. 1967. Some of the consequences of
irradiating gypsy-moth eggs with radioactive cobalt-60.
Zast. Bilja 18(93/95):55-65. In Serb., Engl. Sum.
Videnova, E. 1967. Tests on the use of bacteria for the control of
larvae of the gypsy moth, the brown-tail moth and the lackey |
moth. Rastit. Zasht. 15(11):29-32. In Bu. |
uv
Zhukovskii, S. G. and Alekseeva, T. M. 1968. On rearing the gypsy
moth under laboratory conditions. Byull. vses. nauchno- iss led)
Inst. Zasheh. Rast. 3(11):72=75. In Bus:, Engi jsume |
Pubpe ine I GIF |
(
{
U.S) Depit aes
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Prepared by Pest Survey and
1972
Technical Support Staff 22(42) :717-718,
= Fils =
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300
VOL. 22 No. 43 October 27, 1972
SB
323
CT Se
Cooperative
Economic —
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 October 27, 1972 Number 43
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
GREENBUG active in winter wheat in scattered areas of Nebraska;
economic in few fields with controls applied. (p. 721).
FALL ARMYWORM damaged small grains in some areas of Rolling
Plains in Texas. Heavy on oats, wheat, and ryegrass combination
pastures in scattered areas of Mississippi. (p. 722).
TOBACCO BUDWORM caused first known heavy loss to cotton in
Arkansas. (p. 723).
HICKORY SHUCKWORM heavily damaged pecans in south-central
Texas. BLACK PECAN APHID heavy on pecans along gulf coast of
the State. (p. 724).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE population expanding rapidly over Tusquittee
Ranger District in southwestern North Carolina; also problem in
other areas of State. (pp. 724-725).
Special Reports
Special Report on a Sap Beetle in California. (p. 728).
Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1960-1966.
(pp. 729-734).
Reports in this issue are for week ending October 20 unless
otherwise indicated.
- 719 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance.......... Peper clo o. bo O° 721
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....721 Miscellaneous Field Crops.723
SMe IIL GaeAsOS 6 ¢sdoad000 wih RinW 22) 7 Cole Crops “28 1554.2 ie eee
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...722 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.724
Forage Legumes......... S.eeef22 Small “Rruwits in. 245 724
IRAN oc ocooag 50000 Sapeuewss .../23 Forest and Shade Trees....724
COWWOMs66d6000 ecto ces jac we et2e Man and Animaillisse. ates SUD
NOMBCCOs a dcccnacs0g00c0 0b 00006 123
BEMOLREIAIL WMSSCUSscconcdsogooocc boon KOnD DD OOD poo GoCOooG OKO OS 5 6 UAB)
hederaly and) State Plant Protection Programs... cee 5 US
lint@alniy .ANese) COLNGCULOMNS sco gccccodsob00b0ObKD ODDS SEO CoD OOO ON -.- (26
Hawaia: InSeet Report x o.scus costae sist ewe «001 «neue ls eneremen onsen Berersonac 6 U4
Special Report on asap) beetle an) (Cali fornilan ye iene nen iene Geo URS
Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1960-1966........729
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 23
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: Scattered showers occurred over the northern and
central Atlantic Coastal States and Tennessee River Valley early
in week in advance of a cool front which was moving southeastward
over the area. Snow flurries were seen along the lee shores of the
Great Lakes. Cold air blowing across relatively warm waters picked }
up moisture, dropped it when breezes reached the lee shores.
Buffalo, New York, received 2 inches of snow Wednesday. Two inches
of snow fell at Moline, Illinois, Wednesday also. Light rain also
fell in the West while snow fell in some western mountains.
Freezing drizzle slicked roads at Akron, Colorado, Wednesday
afternoon. Heavy showers fell in some desert localities-—-1.83
inches at Phoenix, Arizona, and about 3.25 inches at Payson some
70 miles northeast of Phoenix. Many localities from the Atlantic
to the Pacific and from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico
received light showers Wednesday forenoon. Heavy rains fell over
the central Great Plains late Saturday and early Sunday. One of
the heaviest showers drenched McAlester, Oklahoma, with 6.25 inches
Lighter rains also fell elsewhere over the eastern half of the
Nation over the weekend. No rain fell during the week in southern
Georgia and much of the Florida Peninsula. Only widely scattered
light sprinkles occurred from northern Washington to the Red River
of the North.
TEMPERATURE: A mass of cold artic air blustered into the North
Central States from Canada early in the week. Southwesterly winds
preceded the front which marked the leading edge of cold air. They ~
brought summer weather from the South. Numerous cities in advance
of the front had never seen such warm weather so late in the
season. Some examples were: Wichita Falls, Texas, 102 degrees
Tuesday; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 96 degrees Tuesday; Jacksonville,’
Florida, 89 degrees Wednesday. Northwesterly winds followed the
front. Weather of the week continued on page 726.
- 720 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TENNESSEE - Continued to damage
newly seeded sod in central area. To date most damage light and
isolated. (Gordon).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 2-6
per linear foot in wheat in Texas County. Very light in Cimarron
Couminye (Oklas Coops. Sue) -
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged O-5 per
linear foot on wheat in Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N.M. Coop.
Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Destroyed about half of 35-acre small grain
field in Cimarron County. Ranged 7-21 per linear foot in 5 fields
in Texas and Cimarron Counties. Light in Roger Mills and Tillman
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Averaged 5 per drill row
foot in field of early wheat in Bourbon County, 4 per row foot in
field in Cherokee County. Trace infestations found in Linn,
Greenwood, Chautauqua, Sumner, and Harper Counties. (Bell).
NEBRASKA - Active in winter wheat in scattered areas. Economic in
few fields, controls applied. Counts indicate most fields should
be watched. Counts 2,000+ per row foot near one end of 160-acre
field in Box Butte County; about 3 percent of stand killed. Damage
severe in 20-acre field in Polk County, with 50 percent of stand
killed. Up to 500 S. graminum and 100 Rhopalosiphum fitchii
(apple grain aphid) per row foot in this field. S. graminum ranged
trace to 10 and R. fitchii up to 25 per row foot in Hamilton,
Fillmore, and Clay Counties; no damage visible in these counties.
Parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid wasp) less than
5 percent in most fields. Only occasional Hippodamia convergens
(convergent lady beetle) observed. (Peters). S. graminum noted
in 6 of 21 winter wheat fields surveyed in Lincoln, Keith, and
Perkins Counties. Numbers generally light; heaviest count, 30 per
row foot. (Campbell). Infestations spotted in Otoe County.
(Peterson, Roselle).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Ranged
4-10 per sweep in older alfalfa seed fields in Dixie Valley,
Pershing County. (Stitt, Oct. 13). ARIZONA - Counts of 4,000 per
100 sweeps taken in one alfalfa field at Gila Valley, Yuma County.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Averaged 35 per 10 sweeps in field
of 12-inch alfalfa in Bourbon County, 5 per 10 sweeps in field of
4-inch alfalfa in Crawford County. (Bell). ARKANSAS - Light,
ranged 100-150 per 100 sweeps, in Washington County alfalfa.
Survey negative in these fields past several weeks. (Boyer).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ILLINOIS - Found
in 70 percent of fields surveyed in Alexander and Pulaski Counties;
averaged 16.8 larvae per 100 plants. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA -
Infestation ranged 1-25 percent in 9 cornfields in Texas County,
2-10 percent in 4 fields in Cimarron County, and 1 percent in
Beaver County field. Larvae ranged 50-100 percent immaculate in
Texas County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - KANSAS - Heavy in late sorghum
field in Linn County; larvae, all stages, averaged 19 per head.
Light, up to one larva per head, in late sorghum in Crawford,
Cherokee, Labette, and Montgomery Counties. (Bell).
- 721 -
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - KANSAS -— Second and third
instars infested about 5 percent of whorls of 12-inch volunteer
corn in Cherokee County; trace seen in whorls of 15-inch second-
growth forage sorghum in Bourbon County. (Bell).
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - IOWA - Statewide survey
indicated lodging decreased from 4.97 percent in 1971 to 1.58
percent in 1972. (Iowa Ins. Sur.).
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - KANSAS - Heavy damage to
seed heads of late sorghum in Linn, Crawford, Labette, and
Montgomery Counties. (Bell).
SMALL GRAINS
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Moderate to heavy
infestations damaged small grains in some areas of Haskell, Young,
Fisher, and Foard Counties of Rolling Plains. Heaviest damage to
small grains planted for grazing. Light in Archer County. (Boring).
OKLAHOMA - Light on small grain in Pawnee and Roger Mills Counties,
light to moderate in Pontotoc, Tillman, and McCurtain Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - OKLAHOMA -
Caused 15-20 percent loss of stand in small grain fields in Carter
County; larvae ranged 3-4 per linear row foot in spotted areas.
@kilasCoope sur»).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) - UTAH - Infestation and
damage ranged from very light to severe in northern and central
range areas. Moderate in Cache, Davis, and Weber Counties, some
infestations severe in northern Box Elder County. (Knowlton).
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on
oats, wheat, and ryegrass combination pastures in Amite, Clay, and
Madison Counties. Controls applied. (Robinson).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Caused
loss of stand to wheat and rye pastures in Wilbarger and Wichita
Counties. (Boring).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias eurytheme) - NEVADA - Young larvae
averaged 1 per plant in seedling alfalfa in Dixie Valley, Pershing
County. (Stitt, Oct. 13). ARIZONA - Controls applied to alfalfa at
Safford, Graham County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Larvae
light, 5-10 per 25 sweeps, on alfalfa at Hobbs and Lovington, Lea
Counity .) (aie Coop. Rpt.)
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - KANSAS - Larvae, all stages,
averaged 22 per 10 Sweeps in 14-inch alfalfa in Riley County.
This pest, along with Colias eurytheme (alfalfa caterpillar),
Caenurgina erechtea (forage looper), and Heliothis zea (corn ear-
worm) caused about 15 percent defoliation. (Bell). OKLAHOMA -
Heavy on alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, Caddo, and Custer Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).
- 722 -
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WISCONSIN - Larvae ranged 3-7
per 25 sweeps in some northern Dane County fields and one Sauk
County field. No adults seen. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). MISSOURI - Adults
ranged 3-31 per 10 sweeps in central area alfalfa. Light popula-
tions of small larvae seen in most fields checked. (Munson). NEW
MEXICO - Light in alfalfa at Belen and Los Lunas, Valencia County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - WISCONSIN - Populations stable,
averaged 12 per sweep in southwestern and southern counties.
Reproduction slowed as have predator and parasite activity. (Wis.
ins. Sur. ),.
MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - KENTUCKY - Averaged 20
per 100 sweeps on alfalfa checked in Meade County. (Barnett).
PEANUTS
REDNECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta bosqueella) - NEW MEXICO - Infested
80 percent of peanut terminals at Portales, Roosevelt County.
(N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
COTTON
TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - ARKANSAS - About 400 acres
of cotton plowed under in Chicot County. This is first known case
of such heavy loss to this pest in State. Up to 40,000 larvae per
acre Seen in some fields. Insecticide treatments gave little
control. (Boyer).
COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - TEXAS - Caused
light damage to cotton in Dickens, Kent, and Wichita Counties.
(Jordan et al.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Caddo and Bryan Counties.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.).
TOBACCO
TOBACCO MOTH (Ephestia elutella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larval popula-
tion increased in some curing barns and pack houses in Harnett,
Wilson, and Wayne Counties. (Hunt).
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
PYRALID MOTHS (Pyrausta spp.) - OREGON - Preliminary survey of mint
plantings in Pineville area, Crook County, revealed no larvae or
damage. Further surveys in mint-producing areas in central part of
State anticipated. (Penrose). See CEIR 22(41):695 for first report
of these new pests of mint in Oregon. (PP).
COLE CROPS
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OREGON - First significant
larval counts noted in 0.5-acre test plot of broccoli, cauliflower,
and cabbage near Cornelius, Washington County. Averaged one larva
per 3 cabbage plants. (Collins, Oct. 13). ARIZONA - Controls
applied to lettuce at Salt River Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz.
Coop. Sur.).
- 723 -
CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - OREGON - Alates and non-
winged forms heavy on 0.5-acre test plot of broccoli, cabbage, and
cauliflower near Cornelius, Washington County. On broccoli, aphids
ranged 50-100 per terminal (plants have gone to seed); on cabbage
and cauliflower, 10-15 colonies per plant with 10-20 aphids per
colony. (Colmans SOC tls)
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
PEACHTREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate on
peach and plum trees in Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - WASHINGTON - Males
still active; totals of 160 and 205 taken in pheromone traps at
2 locations near Sawyer, Yakima County, week ending October 5.
(Eves).
WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - NEVADA - Heavy on apple
nursery stock in Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hoff et al.).
SAN JOSE SCALE (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) - OREGON - Very heavy
buildup apparent in cherry orchards in Wasco County; cause not
determined. (Thienes, Oct. 13).
HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Heavily damaged
pecans in several south-central area counties. Heaviest in
Guadalupe, Gonzales and,De Witt Counties. (Cole). MISSISSIPPI -
Up to 5 larvae per fallen nut found under several yard pecan trees
in Oktibbeha County. (Robinson).
FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Pecan trees heavily
damaged or completely defoliated in Dona Ana County. (N.M. Coop.
Rpt.). TEXAS - Decreased on pecans in Goliad County. (Cole).
WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Increased on
pecans in De Witt County, some trees stripped for third time this
season. (Cole).
BLACK PECAN APHID (Tinocallis caryaefoliae) - TEXAS - Heavy in
areas along gulf coast and in Caldwell County of south-central
area. Some leaf damage and defoliation occurred. (Green).
SMALL FRUITS
RASPBERRY CROWN BORER (Bembecia marginata) - OREGON - Random sample
of 18-acre field of red raspberry near Banks, Washington County,
showed about 50 percent of plants infested with 1+ larvae.
(GolliMS, OSs WS) <
WESTERN GRAPELEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - NEVADA -
Larvae heavy on graps and Virginia creeper in Las Vegas area,
Clark County. (Bechtel).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Increased over Tusquittee Ranger District in Cherokee and Clay
Counties. Population expanding rapidly. Survey revealed 60+ new
- 724 -
spot infestations. Also problem in Randolph, Surry, Davie, Davidson,
and Stanly Counties. (Hunt). ALABAMA - Established infestation
killed 100+ Virginia pines along main highway near top of Cheaha
Mountain State Park in Cleburne County. Recently emerged adults
seen. (McQueen).
WHITE PINE APHID (Cinara strobi) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Populations
increased in white pine plantations in Piedmont area. (Fox).
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - OKLAHOMA -
Heavy populations defoliated trees in Pontotoc and McCurtain
Bounties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) .
OBSCURE SCALE (Melanaspis obscura) - KANSAS - Heavy on bur oaks
near Wichita, Sedgwick County. Overwintering nymphs averaged 400+
per square inch, many twigs and branches dead. (Bell).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,725 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period October 8-14 as
follows: Texas 3,501; New Mexico 53; Arizona 101; California 1;
Oklahoma 66; Kansas 3. There have been no further cases found in
the Southeastern States since initial finds of one case each in
Alabama, Florida, and Georgia reported in CEIR 22(41):697. Total
of 554 cases reported from Mexico. Number of sterile flies released
in U.S. October 8-14 totaled 148,314,000 as follows: Texas
122,424,000; New Mexico 5,922,000; Arizona 13,718,000; California
850,000; Florida 4,200,000; Alabama 200,000; Georgia 1,000,000.
Total of 24,550,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim.
Health).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on cattle in
Choctaw, Pawnee, and Comanche Counties. Moderate in Pontotoc,
McCurtain, Garfield, and Payne Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
AN ENCYRTID WASP (Ooencyrtus kuwanai) -— OHIO - Total of 10,000
specimens of this egg parasite of Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth)
released in immediate area of Auglaize County where male moth
previously trapped. (PP).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS —- Heavily damaged oats and other small grains
planted for grazing in Archer County. (Boring). NEW MEXICO - Heavy
on rangeland at Vaughn, Guadalupe County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.).
OREGON - Fall adult surveys show total of 2,284,960 acres of range-
land infested in 9 eastern counties. (Penrose).
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MICHIGAN - Trapped in Freemont
Township, Isabella County, September 12; Big Rapids Township,
Mecosta County, September 22; and in Bay City State Park, Bay
County, September 22. These are first times collected in these
counties. Also, first collections since declared eradicated in
Calhoun County in 1969. Specimens from Isabella and Bay Counties
:
:
determined by E.L. Todd. Specimen from Mecosta County determined
by D.C. Ferguson. (PP). OHIO - See "AN ENCYRTID WASP" under
BENEFICIAL INSECTS above.
- 725 -
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Active in.
late top crop cotton at Maricopa, Pinal, Graham, and Yuma Counties.
(Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Green cotton boll checks ranged
4-44 percent infested around Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. Most
larvae very young. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Infested green
cotton bolls in Bryan and Kiowa Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO —- Adult found
on range grass at Clayton, Union County. No egg masses found.
(NEMS CoopemRpiteoie
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
FLORIDA - Gainesville, 10/13-19, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia
unipuncta) 7, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 66, black cutworm
(Agrotis ipsilon) 3, corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 8, fall army-
worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 11, granulate cutworm (Feltia sub-.
terranea) 3, tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) 2.
MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 10/13-19, 2 BL, 60-90 degrees F., pre-
cipitation 0.12 —- Armyworm 100, beet armyworm 1,532, black cutworm
38, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 2, corn earworm 135, fall
armyworm 129, granulate cutworm 133, saltmarsh caterpillar
(Estigmene acrea) 1, tobacco budworm 21.
NEW HAMPSHIRE - Lee, 10/15, BL - Armyworm 1.
PENNSYLVANIA - (District) - Central, 10/5-16, BL - Armyworm 6,
black cutworm 3, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 2. South-
east, 10/5-16, BL - Armyworm 2, black cutworm 6, variegated cut-
worm 1, yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 4. South-
west, 10/5-16, BL - Armyworm 15, black cutworm 18, corn earworm
5, variegated cutworm 7, yellowstriped armyworm 4,
TEXAS - Waco, 10/16-20, BL - Armyworm 63, beet armyworm 36, black
cutworm 10, cabbage looper 40, fall armyworm 41, granulate cut-
worm 63, variegated cutworm 71, yellowstriped armyworm 24,
WISCONSIN - Lancaster, 10/16-20, BL - Armyworm 3.
Weather of the week continued from page 720.
They Sharpened the bite in the cold air. Williston, North Dakota,
registered 5 degrees above zero Wednesday morning. By late
Thursday, the front had marched off the Atlantic and gulf coasts.
A large High covered the eastern half of the Nation. Only the
Florida Peninsula lay in warm air. Sub-freezing weather reached
Tennessee and North Carolina. Many eastern localities recorded
lower temperatures than had occurred any previous October. A large
area from the northern and central Great Plains to the northern
and middle Atlantic coast averaged 9 degrees to 15 degrees colder
than normal.
- 726 -
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Turf and Pasture —- GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
generally trace in 20 acres of pasture at Haiku, Maui; up to 8
(average less than 1) larvae per square foot in isolated pockets
of Kikuyu grass. Pupae trace in pockets of light larval popula-
tions; larval parasitism may be a factor. Larvae collected and
held for assessment. (Miyahira).
General Vegetables - ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) nymphs and
adults heavy in about one acre of bulb onions at Pulehu, Maui.
Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) ranged light to
moderate on older leaves in 0.5 acre of snap beans and 3 acres of
tomato at Pulehu, Maui; adults light and moderate respectively.
Routine spray program followed in both plantings. (Miyahira).
Forest and Shade Trees - Chemical eradication efforts and
extensive district surveys for a EURASIAN PINE APHID (Pineus
pini) continued on Maui. Since inception of suppression project
in July 1971, 22 residential infestations found after about 25
percent of island land-use districts surveyed. All infestations
appear under control; no indication of spread from original
introductions. Curinus coerulus (a lady beetle) observed avidly
preying on nymphs and adults of P. pini at one residence. Light
infestation of P. pini found on Tess than one percent of 3 , 000+
potted Pinus spp. at nursery at Waikoloa, Hawaii; first report of
this pest from this locality. Biological control continued with
release of 357 adults of Leucopis nigraluna, a chamaemyiid fly,
larvae are predaceous on aphids, scale insects, and mealybugs.
Releases made on Parker Ranch. Recovery attempts to confirm
establishment of L. nigraluna negative to date. Extensive search
for P. pini on Kauai continued negative. Latest surveys- conducted
in Hanalei and Kawaihau districts. (Miyahira et al.). A PSYLLID
(Psylla uncatoides) trace at Makaha, Kumuwela, and Kalalau in
Kokee, Kauai. However, the koa rust, Uromyces koae (a fungus)
spores of which are supposedly distributed by P. uncatoides,
conpicuous on terminals and juvenile lateral growths of native
Acacia koa trees. Light numbers of nymphs and occasional adult
observed in Wahiawa and Palolo Forest Reserves on Oahu. Nymphs
averaged 10 per foot-long koa terminal at Wahiawa and 5 at Palolo.
No evidence of koa rust in either locality. (Sugawa, Kashiwai).
Man and Animals - Mosquito collections during September from 58
light traps operated on Oahu totaled 94 Aedes vexans nocturnus
and 2,741 Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Aedes catches ranged
0-42 at Kahaluu. Culex catches ranged 0-621 at Waipahu. (Mosq.
Control Br., State Dept. of Health).
Beneficial Insects - Adults of a MARSH FLY (Sepedon sauteri)
“Moderate in Swampy areas at Kalaupapa, Molokai, during late
September. Although 100 specimens of another marsh fly, Sepedon
nm. sp., released in July 1972 in this area, no releases of S.
-sauteri made on Molokai. Recovery of Sepedon n. sp. on Molokai
hegative to date. (Miyahira). Nymphs and adults of a TINGID BUG
(Leptobyrsa decora) heavy on roadside lantana at Ulupalakua, Maui;
about 80 percent of leaves showed feeding signs. During September,
Becciuens collected and introduced to a lantana infested area at
_Puleku. Pronounced girdling of lantana branches by LANTANA
' CERAMBYCID (Plagiohammus spinipennis) noted about 0.5 mile from
B decora activity area. Initial P. spinipennis releases made at
his Site in April 1972. (Miyahira).
- 727 -
SPECIAL REPORT ON A SAP BEETLE IN CALIFORNIA
Conotelus mexicanus is currently a pest with an adverse environ-
mental impact in California. This nitidulid beetle, which has
been present in the desert areas south of the Tehachapi Mountains
for many years, adapted to the San Joaquin Valley about 1968 when
specimens were collected from cotton blooms in Kern County. It is
now known to occur as far north as Fresno County.
In Kern County it has appeared during September and October, then
disappeared. In 1972, for the first time, populations exploded.
Flower growers complained that the adults damaged the light colored
blooms by feeding on the petals. Investigation has shown much
damage to chrysanthemums, carnations, zZinnias, dahlias, and roses.
Rose buds and open blooms contained up to 400-500 béetles per
bloom. Dooryard roses also were damaged and when bouquets were
taken into homes, flying beetles filled the room. Beetles occur in
shaded areas but readily leave the host when exposed to sunlight.
State entomologists G. Okumura, A. Gilbert, and R. Hawthorne
observed the damage status of this sap beetle which included
cauliflower fields. Large numbers of beetles Swarmed over and in
the cauliflower curds. Feeding on immature curds was observed.
Additional damage was observed on blooms of string beans, lima
beans, squash, peppers, and tomatoes. One late patch of corn was
100 percent barren. Earlier corn in the immediate area was full
kerneled. Silks on the late corn were cut off at the tip and
beetles were present on the stubs. The early corn had full silks
which had dried.
The limited cut flower industry in Kern County is threatened, and
the potential pest status of this sap beetle on commercial crops,
such as cauliflower and corn, can have a serious impact. Other
hosts may be involved. Little is known of the life history of this
species, especially the larval stage. The very large numbers that
are occurring indicate very favorable breeding conditions. To date,
chemical control has not been very effective. (J.H. Black).
723
MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
Selected References
1960-1966
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and
Technical Support Staff.
Akamine, E. K. and Shoji, K. 1960. Tolerance of tomatoes to methyl
bromide fumigation. Hawaii Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Prog. Rpt.
124. 7 pp.
Arrieta Mateos, D. L., Terrazas Loyola, J., and Jimenez Jimenez,
E. 1961. Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.)
in Central America--actual situation in Nicaragua and pos-
Sibilities of eradication. Fitofilo 14(32):29-38. In Sp.
Baas, J. 1960. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege in Hessen-Nassau in
Jahre 1959. Gesunde Pflanzen 12(5):106-108, 110.
Baas, J. 1960. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege in Zitronen. Gesunde
Pflanzen 12(4):72-74.
Berg, G. H. 1960. Occurrence of Mediterranean fruit fly. FAO
Plant Protect. Bul. 8(5):58-59.
In the most important coffee producing area of Nicaragua.
Beroza, M. and Coauthors. 1961. New attractants for the Mediter-
ranean fruit fly. J. Agr. and Food Chem. 9(5):361-365.
Bess, H. A., van den Bosch, R., and Haramoto, F. H. 1960. Fruit
fly parasites and their activities in Hawaii. Hawaiian Ent.
Soe. Proc. 17(3):367-368. Pub. 1961.
Bohm, H. 1960. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege in Jahre 1959.
Pflanzenarzt 13(1):3-4.
Cardosa Raimundo, A. and Roda Santos, M. L. 1965. Insect control.
I. Labeling the fruit-fly (C. capitata) with radioactive
phosphorus for the sterile-male method. Garcia de Orta
13(3) :351-358. In Ital., Fr. and Engl. Sum., detachable sum.
in Por. and Engl.
Chancogne, M., Court, D., Cantuel, J., and Destruel, C. 1960.
Tests of compounds against Ceratitis capitata W. in pear and
peach orchards. Phytiatrie-Phytopharm. 9(4) :227-232. In Fr.
‘Chiozza, J. P. 1962. The Mediterranean fruit fly. Frutas 3(34/35):
2S LM SO.
Cowperthwaite, W. G. 1962. The Medfly strikes the third time. Fla.
State Hort. Soc. Proc. 75:19-20. Pub. 1963.
Delanoue, P. 1961. Artificial permanent breeding of Opius concolor
Szepl., parasite of Dacus oleae Gmel. on Ceratitis capitata
Wied. Inform. Oleicoles Internatl. (n.s.) 15:17-28. In Fr.
7
|
4
4
|
- 729 =
Docavo Alberti, I. 1960. La mosea de las frutas (Ceratitis
capitata Wiedemann). Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat. Bol. Secc.
Biol. 58(1):105-134. 18 figs.
El-Sawy, S. E., Maher Ali, A., Faris, F. M., and Ezzat, M. A.
1964. Role of soil insecticides in reducing fruit-fly infes-
tation. Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 48:159-162. Pub. 1965.
Fandino, D., Ogloblin, A., and Mallo, R. G. 1965. Neuvo cebo
alimenticio y atractivo para la ‘'mosca del Mediterraneo”.
Rev. Invest. Agropecuar. Ser. 5, Pat. Veg. 2(5):33-40.
Engl. Sum.
New feed and attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly.
Yeast extracts studied for Ceratitis capitata
Fandino, D. S., Turica, A., and Mallo, R. 1961. Attractives for
the "Mediterranean fruit fly.” IDIA 161:30-35. In Sp.
FAO Plant Protection Bulletin. 1965. Control of Mediterranean
fruit fly in Central America. FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 13(2):
47-48.
Sterilization of flies with gamma rays.
Feron, M. 1960. Bipotentialité de comportement male et femelle
chez un insecte, Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Dipt. Trypetidae).
Acad. des Sci. Compt. Rend. 250(11) :2067-2069.
Feron, M. 1962. Reproductive instinct in the Mediterranean fruit
fruitfly Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Dip. Trypetidae): sexual
behavior--oviposSition behavior. Rev. de Path. Veg. et d'Ent.
Agr. de France 41(1/2):1-78, 79-129. In Fr.
Feron, M. 1966. Sterilization of the Mediterranean fruit fly,
Ceratitis capitata Wied, by irradiation of the pupa with
gamma rays. Ann. Epiphyt. 17(2):229-239. In Fr.
Ferrari, R. 1966. Presence and activity of the fruit-fly
(Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in the Bologna district. Bol. Oss.
Mal. Piante Bologna 1:65-82. In Ital.
Ferro, A. 1962, Ceratitis capitata Wied., fruit fly. Agr.
Napoletana 29(10) :29-37. In Ital.
Guagliumi, P. and Requena, J. R. 1962. Situacion actual de la
"mosca del Mediterraneo," Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) en
Venezuela. Jornadas Agron. Trab. 3rd. Cong. (Paper 79).
4 pp., Map.
Hubert, F. P. 1960. A review of treatments of citrus fruits for
control of Mediterranean fruit fly. FAO Plant Protect. Bul.
9(3) :33-36.
International Conference on Mediterranean Fruit Fly and San Jose
Seale. 1963. Ceratitis capitata Wied. Quadraspidiotus
perniciosus (Comst.). Eur. and Mediterr. Plant Protect.
Organ. 104 pp. Paris.
- 730 -
Jimenez, E. J. and Camplis, J. V. 1965. Importance of the program
of prevention and detection of Mediterranean fruit fly
(Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in Mexico. Fitofilo 18(48) :21-27.
Map. in Sp.
Jones, H. L. 1960. Operation Medfly. Amer. Fruit Grower 80(2) :23,
66, 68.
Kovacevic, Z. 1960. Mittelmeerfruchtfliege - Ceratitis capitata
Wied., als okologisches Problem. Agron. Glasnik 10(4):161-
171. In Serb., Ger. Sum.
Kuitert, L. C. 1962. Mediterranean fruit fly control. In fertile
lands of friendship. 312 pp. (Edited by Alleger, D. E.).
pp. 283-297.
Lemaistre, J. 1960. Progres recents de la lutte contre la ceratite
(Ceratitis capitata Wied) dans les plantations d'agrumes et
autres arbres fruitiers (revue bibliographique). Fruits
15(2):73-76.
A
Lhoste, J. and Roche, A. 1960. Organes odoriférants des males de
Ceratitis capitata. Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 65(7/8) :206-210.
Machado Cazorla, E. 1960. Estudio de la mosca de la fruta y
métodos para su control en el Valle de Huanuco. Agronomia
27(2):144-152.
Maher Ali, A. 1964. A new era in the control of the Mediterranean
fruit-fly. Soc. Ent. Egypte Bul. 48:155-157. Pub. 1965.
Mart inez-Beringola, M. L. 1966. The influence of larval density
on the duration of development of C. capitata II. Roy. Soc.
Esp. Hist. Nat. Bul. (Biol.) 64:351-360. In Sp., Engl. Sum.
Martins, E. T. B. 1962. Enemies of cultivated plants: the fruit
fly Ceratitis capitata Wied. Gaz. Agr. de Angola 6(8) :439-
440. In Por.
Mayer, K. 1960. Behavior studies of the Mediterranean fruit fly,
Ceratitis capitata Wied. Internatl. Cong. Ent. Trans. 11th
Cong., v.2(sect. 7/14) :80-83. In Ger. Pub. 1962.
Mayer, K. 1960. Ceratitis in Mitteleuropa. Gesunde Pflanzen
12(8) :169-173.
McGovern, T. P. and Coauthors. 1966. Volatility and attractiveness
to the Mediterranean fruit fly of trimedlure and its isomers,
and a comparison of its volatility with that of seven other
insect attractants. J. Econ. Ent. 59(6):1450-1455.
Mellado, L., Caballero, F., Arroyo, M., and Jiménez, A. 1966.
Tests on the eradication of C. capitata from the Island of
Tenerife by the sterile-male technique. Bol. Pat. Veg.
Ent. Agr. 29:89-117. In Sp.
Milaire, H. 1960. Evolution et degats de la mouche Mediter-
ranéenne des fruits en France en 1959. Phytoma 12(118) :21-23.
—- 731 =
Milaire, H. 1960. La mouche méditerraneenne des fruits, en 1959,
dans la circonscription de Lyon et les nouvelles possibil-
ités de lutte. III. Pomol. Franc. (n.s.) 2(7):17-20.
Mitchell, S., Tanaka, N., and Steiner, L. F. 1965. Methods of mass
culturing melon flies and oriental and Mediterranean fruit j
flies. U.S. Dept. Agr. ARS 33-104. 22 pp.
Moiseeva, Z. 1966. The Mediterranean fruit-fly. Zashch. Rast.
1966. 9:35-36. In Rus.
Monastero, S. and Genduso, P. 1962. Biological control of the
olive fly (possibility of rearing and diffusion of Opius
found in Sicily). Palermo Univ. Ist. di Ent. Agr. pp. 31-51.
lye Miveilo, lel, Swlin, |
Opius concolor siculus reared on Ceratitis capitata
Mourikis, P. A. 1965. Data concerning the development of the
immature stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis
capitata (Wiedemann)) (Diptera: Trypetidae) on different
host-fruits and on artificial media under laboratory
conditions. Inst. Phytopathol. Benaki. Ann. (n.s.) 7(2):61-
105.
Fruit juices for their nutrition.
Myburgh, A. C. 1961. Studies on toxicants in bait Sprays against
fruit flies. (Scientific Note) Ent. Soc. South. Africa J.
24(2) :345-347.
Myburgh, A. C. 1963. Diurnal rhythms in emergence of mature larvae|
from fruit and eclosion of adult Pterandrus rosa (Ksh.) and |
Ceratitis capitata (Wied.). So. African J. Agr. Sci. 6(1) :41-|
46. |
Nucifora, A. 1960. Control experiments against the Mediterranean
fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) carried out in 1956-
1958 by S-/(methylcarbamyl) methyl/ o.o-dimethyldithiophos-
phate and S-/(isopropylcarbamy1) methyl/ o.o-dimethyldithio-
phosphate. Ann. della Sper. Agr. 14(3, sup.) :CXLVII-CLXXII.
In Ital., Engl. Sum.
Nucifora, A. 1960. Positive effects of covering "Elberta" peaches
with paper bags for protection against infestation by fruit
fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.). Tec. Agr. 12(4):448-453. In
Ital.
Nucifora, A. 1960. Residual action of "Rogor’’ in control of fruit |
fly in the adult sittage. Tec. Agr. 12\(2))s lal i777 inset
Engl. Sum.
Nucifora, A. and Barbagallo, S. 1966. The use of Rogor in the
protection of late-ripening peaches from C. capitata. Tec.
Aor (Catania) Asi) i>. sin ital) ohne: ery sume
Organismo Internacional Regional De Sanidad Agropecuaria. 1961.
Five years of work of the OIRSA. Organismo Internacional
Regional De Sanidad Agropecuaria. 32 pp. In Sp. Managua,
Nicaragua
- 732 -
Orihuela, A. 1960. La mosca mediterranea de la fruta. Agr.
Venezol. 24(220):13-16.
Orlando, Ay; Sampaio, Al S., Rigitano, O., and Bitran, E. A. 1965.
Studies on the influence of stickers in Fenthion powders for
the control of "fruit flies" of peach. Biologico 31(7):125-
132. In Por., Engl. Sum.
Paglietta, R. 1961. "Ceratitis capitata™ an undeSirable guest of
our fruit trees. Colt e Gior. Vinic. Ital. 107(9) :284-286.
In Ital.
Peleg, B. A. and Rhode, R. H. 1967. New methods in mass rearing of
the Mediterranean fruit fly in Costa Rica. J. Econ. Ent.
60(5) :1460-1461.
Quintanilla, R. H. 1965. Behavior of various Substances as
attractants of the "Mediterranean fruit fly" (Ceratitis
capitata). Buenos Aires. Univ. Fac. Agron. Vet. Rev. 16(1):
3-16. In Sp., Engl. Sum. Pub. 1965.
Ruffinelli, A. 1963. Las moscas de las frutas (Ceratitis capitata
y Anastrepha fraterculus). Uruguay Dir. de Agron. Pub. 109.
6 pp.
Ruffinelli, A., Orlando, A., and Biggi, E. 1960. Further experi-
ments with attractants for fruit-flies-Ceratitis capitata
(Wied.) and Anastrepha mombinpraeoptans Sein. Sao Paulo Inst.
Biol. Arq. 27:1-10. In Por., Engl. Sum.
Sanders, W. 1962. The behavior of the Mediterranean fruit fly
Ceratitis capitata Wied. during oviposition. Z. f.
Tierpsychol. I9(1):1-28. In Ger., Engl. Sun.
Shedley, D. 1960. Insect pests. Fruit fly control with Rogor 40
and Lebaycid (a progress report). West. Austral. Dept. Agr.
J. Ser. 4 1(11) :973-974.
Shedley, D. G. 1961. New recommendations for fruit fly control.
West. Austral. Dept. Agr. J. Ser. 4, 2(10) :793-795.
Ze
Simunic, I. 1960. Comparative investigations of attractive means
(baits) for Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata
Wied.). Zastita Bilja 62:49-59. In Serb., Engl. Sum.
Steiner, L. F., Rohwer, G. G., Ayers, E. L., and Christenson,
L. D. 1961. The role of attractants in the recent Mediter-
ranean fruit fly eradication program in Florida. J. Econ.
Ent. 54(1):30-35.
Stephenson, B. C. and McClung, B. B. 1966. Mediterranean fruit fly
eradication in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Ent. Soc. Amer.
Bul. 12(4) :374.
U.S. Agricultural Research Service, Plant Pest Control Division.
1966. Mediterranean fruit fly; Formosan Subterranean termite.
FAO Plant Protect. Bul. 14(4):90
Outbreaks in Texas and LouiSiana, respectively.
- 733 -
Vergani, A. R. and Valsangiacomo, F. J. 1961. Experiment with
attractants for the Mediterranean fruit fly. IDIA Sup.
6:105-109. In Sp.
Yaman, I. K. A. 1966. Annual population fluctuations of Ceratitis
capitata Wied. in Jordan. Anz. Schadlingskunde 39(9):136-140.
Map. In Ger.
U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Technical Support Staff 22(43) :729-734, 1972
- 734 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 SEGA SE AMS SEES BRIS
0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037 0001
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR—
ARTES SMITHSONIAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
VOL. 22 No. 44 November 3. 1972
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 November 3, 1972 Number 44
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
FALL ARMYWORM damaged wheat in Rolling Plains and BROWN WHEAT MITE
heavy on 100,000 acres of wheat in central area of Texas. (p. 737).
PECAN WEEVIL and HICKORY SHUCKWORM economic on pecans in north-
central Texas. (p. 738).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak continued at high level on Nantahala
National Forest in North Carolina and is epidemic in much of
Alabama. (p. 739).
Detection
New State records include a REDUVIID BUG from Oklahoma (p. 741),
a CERAMBYCID BEETLE from New Jersey (p. 739), and a DERMESTID
BEETLE from Ohio, New York, and North Carolina (p. 740).
For new county and parish records see page 741.
Special Reports
Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1970-1971. (pp. 743-
746).
Witchweed Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold).
Reports in this issue are for week ending October 27 unless other-
wise indicated.
- 735 -
CONTENTS
Specaall insects or wesmonall ss Srenschicanc eceis ety aye ane om
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane....737 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts..738
SIUEILIL (Gree sO 5 boo oes oo tons hon Ornamencalign As a9 c0e nae Brn al 5. (cae,
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland...738 Forest and Shade Trees.....739
WOTASS ISSUES > 5650060000006 738 Man and Animals............ 740
Cott onthe al. Sate: he teehee as 738 Households and Structures. .740
Federal and State) Plant Protection |Programs,.).../o4. 2. .0ee eee 741
DO CEC CR OM ne ia wie is ope tere suet die scbielel sie ‘eliete Svs tebewel soa ane e oteretet ne . 741
Lion yeep Colle ctarOnsi ys cere coe ones SAR ae ee os eee Nas re a 742
Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1970-1971 -2%) (4.743
Witchweed. Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold).
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 30
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION:~ A vigorous storm, centered over the lower Great
Lakes early in the week, spread cloudy skies, winds, and rain over
much of the eastern half of the Nation. Snow was mixed with rain
from southeastern Minnesota to Upper Michigan. By late Tuesday, a
cold front associated with the storm had pushed off the Atlantic
coast but dismal, cloudy weather persisted east of the middle and
lower Mississippi River. Precipitation was widespread but mostly
light. Some drizzle and fog occurred in the northern Appalachians,
By midweek, two Highs controlled the weather. An eastern High
extended from northern New England to the southern Great Plains.
A western High reached from Idaho to southern California! Hasae
weather prevailed over most of the Nation. However, light rain or
drizzle continued in the Pacific Northwest, southern Rocky
Mountains, southern Texas, and Florida. Combinations of rain and
snow occurred from Michigan and northern New England. As the
weekend approached, snow fell in western Montana where Kalispell
received 2 inches Thursday. A storm in the Pacific Northwest
intensified, moved inland, and spread rain along the Washington
and Oregon coast and snow in nearby hills and mountains. The week-—
end also brought dismal, rainy weather over the eastern third of
the Nation from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. Rain spread
to New York and New England. Heaviest rains fell in northern
Louisiana where some totals exceeded 6 inches. No rain or only
widely scattered showers fell in California and nearby parts of
neighboring States.
TEMPERATURE: A storm centered over the lower Great Lakes early in
the week brought cold Canadian air to the northern Great Plains. By
Tuesday, strong northwesterly winds aloft were cooling much of the
Nation from the Rocky Mountains to the Appalachians, Subfreezing
weather occurred as far south as Kansas and northern Oklahoma,
Afternoon temperatures ranged from the 40's over the northern Great
Plains to the 50's, GORS andi (Ol cua ne bexace By early Tuesday
afternoon, a cold front associated with the storm had moved off the
Atlantic coast and sunny, pleasant weather returned to mid—America.
The northern Great Plains warmed to the 50's and 60's Thursday
afternoon. A High over the East in midweek brought chilly Canadian
Weather of the week continued on page 742,
- 736 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - OKLAHOMA - Leafhoppers,
mostly this species, reported in small grains in several areas.
Heavy in Comanche, moderate in Pittsburg, and light in Pawnee
Gounties. Okla. Coop. Surz)):.
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - WASHINGTON - Populations
approaching damaging levels in several wheatfields at Prosser,
Benton County. (Klostermeyer). SOUTH DAKOTA - Continued to damage
winter wheat. Latest area requiring treatment in eastern Pennington
County, north of Wall, and in western Meade County, between
Hereford and Sturgis. (Jones). ARKANSAS - Survey negative in
northwest area wheat. (Boyer).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARKANSAS -
Continued at low level, 50-100 per 100 sweeps, in alfalfa in
northwest area. Hymenopterous parasites increased, will aid in
holding pest at low levels. (Boyer).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) -—- FLORIDA - Widespread and
heavy on sweet corn in Everglades area of Collier County. Severely
damaged or destroyed 97 percent of young sweet corn buds in
unsprayed experiment field plots at Belle Glade, Palm Beach
County. Crla. Coop, sur.,.Oct., 18).
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - MISSOURI - Fall
survey in southeast area Showed average infestation of 25.05
percent with average of 7.05 percent of stalks girdled. (Munson).
ARIZONA - Heavy in sorghum field northwest of Phoenix, Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop... Sur.)
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - ILLINOIS - D. virgifera
(western corn rootworm) collected on field corn as follows: Near
Rushville, Schuyler County, August 15; in Piatt County, August
11; in Douglas County, August 11; in Moultrie County August 11;
near Fithian in Vermilion County, August 21, all by J. Krebs;
near Athensville, Greene County, and near Modesto, Macoupin
County, August 24 by H.B. Petty; 2 miles north of junction of
State Highways 100 and 36 August 30 by D. Kuhlman. These are all
new county records. All determinations by M.W. Anderson, (I11l.
Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - D. virgifera and D. longicornis (northern
corn rootworm) populations increased in 1972. Survey indicated
percent cornstalks lodged by district as follows: Northeast 7.4,
east 7, southeast 3.5, central zero, south zero. (Keith).
SMALL GRAINS
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - TEXAS - Heavy and damaged
wheat in Knox and Foard Counties in Rolling Plains. (Boring).
BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - About 100,000 acres
of oats heavily infested in Falls County. Insecticide applied with
limited results. (Boring).
- 737 -
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
AN ALYDID BUG (Esperanza texana) - LOUISIANA - Heavy in several
fields of Coastal Bermuda grass in Lincoln Parish; suspected of
killing grass. Determined by H.M. Harris. This 1s a new parish
record. (Cancienne).
FORAGE LEGUMES
A NOCTUID MOTH (Tathorhynchus angustiorata) - TEXAS - This looper
heavy and damaged mature guar beans in Wilbarger and Hardeman
Counties. (Rogers).
GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to
heavy in alfalfa in west-central counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARIZONA -
Counts per 100 sweeps in alfalfa averaged 130 at Yuma Valley and
130 at Gila Valley, Yuma County; and 134 at Phoenix, Maricopa
County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - GKLAHOGMA - Very heavy in
alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, Caddo, Roger Mills, and Custer
Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
FIELD CRICKETS (Gryllus spp.) - ALABAMA - These pests and
unspecified grasshoppers destroyed seedling crimson clover, white
clover, and other re-seedings of winter legumes in all grass sod
pastures and fields checked in eastern area. (Barwood et al.).
COTTON
BOLLWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged bolls ranged 0-8
percent .in fields in northern Eddy and southern Chaves County.
QNEMSNCoope spite)
COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - TEXAS -
Increased in Brazos River Bottom of Robertson, Brazos, and
Burleson Counties. (Cole).
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - TEXAS - Heavy populations caused
economic damage in Hood, Eastland, Stephens, Erath, Hamilton, and
Comanche Counties. Populations variable, heavier in native pecan
trees along creeks and rivers. (Hoelscher). OKLAHOMA - Infested
30-50 percent of nuts in small pcan planting in Payne County.
(OKilas" (Coon suscep).
HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Heavy populations
caused economic damage in Hood, McLennan, Bosque, Erath, Comanche,
Hamilton, and Stephens Counties. Infestations ranged 1-5 larvae per
pecan in 52-65 percent of nuts in Erath County and 1-6 larvae per
pecan in 80 percent in Stephens County. (Hoelscher).
- 738 -
ORNAMENTALS
A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Leiopus variegatus) - NEW JERSEY - All stages
very heavy under bark of large mimosa tree on property in Haddon-
field, Camden County, in June 1972. Mimosa so badly weakened by
several years of frequent defoliation by Homadaula anisocentra
(mimosa webworm) that tree was cut down. L. variegatus found when
park stripped from tree. Collected by M.D. Leonard and D.L.
Winters. Determined by T.J. Spilman. This is a new State record.
Larvae are known to occur in many varieties of hardwood. It is
not known if this cerambycid has been found in mimosa previously.
(Leonard).
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - KENTUCKY - Severely damaged
200 square feet of chrysanthamums in Fayette County greenhouse.
Estimated 50 percent of plants rendered unsalable. All plants
exhibited some stunting and leaf damage. (Barnett).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Outbreak continued at high level on Tusquittee District,
Nantahala National Forest (see CEIR 22(43):724). About 116
infested trees occurred per 1,000 acres of host type. Approximately
1.1 million board feet of timber infested in protection boundary
at time of ground survey. (Hunt). ALABAMA -— Considered epidemic on
pine in 40 of 67 counties in State as of September 25. About 44
percent of damaged timber salvaged. Cooperation of landowners
involved and forestry interests very good in connection with
control program. (Ala. Forest Comm.).
PINE NEEDLE SHEATHMINER (Zelleria haimbachi) - CALIFORNIA -
Scattered infestations damaged ponderosa pines on Klamath National
Forest in Humbug drainage area. Some of better plantations affected,
Active in Shasta-Trinity National Forest. Infestations to be
checked in spring 1973 after new growth appears. (McMurtrey,
USFS).
AN OLETHREUTID MOTH (Rhyacionia bushnelli) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae
averaged 2 per stem on Monterey pine nursery stock in La Mesa,
San Diego County. This new pest slowly Spreading north in county.
To date has not been reported in native pine stands. (Cal. Coop.
Eiki.
BLACK PINELEAF SCALE (Nuculaspis californica) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy,
2-100 per needle, on ponderosa pine from Shasta Lake to Butte
Coumiye (eal. Coop. Rpt...
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - OKLAHOMA -
Defoliation moderate to heavy on oaks in Mannford area, Creek
County, and in scattered areas in western Tulsa County. Most
larvae full grown and left trees. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
A TORTRICID MOTH (Archips semiferanus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Outbreak
of past 6 years declining. Defoliation, over 1 million acres
previous 2 years, decreased to 610,000 acres in 1972. Timber loss
heaviest in State for many decades. Entire forests killed over
large areas of Clearfield, Centre, Clinton, and Lycoming Counties.
Camp Oct. 10)
- 739 -
A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina athasaria athasaria) - PENNSYLVANIA -
About 200-300 forest acres along Clarion County streams heavily
defoliated, resulting in much mortality. Large numbers of pupae
collected under hemlock throughout McConnels Mills State Park in
Lawrence County, with many trees dead in area. (Kim, Oct. 10).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,032 confirmed
cases reported from continental U.S. during period October 15-21
as follows: Texas 3,625; New Mexico 87; Arizona 213; California
1; Oklahoma 104; Kansas 2. This total was an increase of 307 above
the total (3,725) reported previous period. Total of 862 cases
reported in Mexico this period. Number of sterile flies released
in U.S. October 15-21 totaled 150,438,000 as follows: Texas
126,208,000; New Mexico 5,550,000; Arizona 12,380,000; California
900,000; Florida 4,200,000; Alabama 200,000; Georgia 1,000,000.
Total of 41,694,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim.
Health).
FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - UTAH - Annoyed horses and cattle in
farm areas of Cache and Box Elder Counties during warmer periods
of day. (Knowlton).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 500 per head
on cattle in Payne County; moderate in Garfield, Pittsburg, and
Okmulgee Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1
per head in herd of young cows and 0.5 per head in herd of older
cows in Payne County. Two adults seen around cattle herd in Osage
County (Okla Coops Sues
SHORTNOSED CATTLE LOUSE (Haematopinus eurysternus) - OKLAHOMA —-
Three found on 15 cows in Payne County; first of season. (Okla.
Coop Suse»).
HOG LOUSE (Haematopinus suis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 40-50 per head
on hogs checked in several areas of Payne County. (Okla. Coop.
Sue
BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - MARYLAND —- Annoyance
levels and populations in homes increased in Prince Georges,
Montgomery, Anne Arundel, and Baltimore Counties. (U. Md., Ent.
Dept.).
HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES
A DERMESTID BEETLE (Anthrenus coloratus) - OHIO - Collected in
house in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, March 30, 1970. NEW YORK -
Collected in Frankfort, Herkimer County, September 26, 1963, by
Asin. NORTH CAROLINA - Collected in apartment in Raleigh, Wake
County, March 23, 1971, by O.L. Stephan. Determined by J.M.
Kingsolver. These are new State records. See CEIR 19(5):61-62 for
background and first report in U.S. (PP).
- 740 -
|. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
(OUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROT
} OR YOUR COUNTY AGENT FOR
IE REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER
IN AND REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING
ARTICLES.
pect ie SEE REVERSE §
D PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVI"
OTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAM
IERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES
OLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED;
RE PARTIALLY REGULATED.
ested area--State and Federal regu
treatments not in progress or plan
rea--State and Federal regulations
treatments in progress or planned)
egulations removed
rea as follows:
into or through green or white.
n into or through white.
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by an authorized inspector.
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3, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PERATING WITH AFFECTED STATES
COUNTIES ENTIRELY COLORED ARE COMPLETELY REGULATED,
PARTIALLY COLORED ARE PARTIALLY REGULATED.
| Generally infested area--State and Federal regu
(Eradication treatments not in progress or plan
YOUR STATE OR FEDERAL PLANT PROTECTION
)R OR YOUR COUNTY AGENT FOR
\CE REGARDING EXACT AREAS UNDER
ON AND REQUIREMENTS FOR MOVING
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FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS »
COMSTOCK MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus comstocki) -— CALIFORNIA - Survey
Peneleted in Earlimart and Delano, Kern County; one infestation
located one mile from Delano on Carces Highway. In Tulare County,
survey in Exeter, Lindsday, and Dinuba negative for late finds.
neal. Coop. Rpt.).
EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) - WASHINGTON - Survey of 2
pastures in Custer area of Whatcom County revealed one to have
Second or third instar larvae at rate of 1,804 per square foot,
and other pasture with larvae still in first instar and very
light numbers. (Campbell).
GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA - Ageneotettix deorum collected at Crestline,
Lincoln County, August 23 by G.M. Nishida. Determined by R.C.
Bechtel. This is a new county record. (Bechtel).
IPINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Percent
infestation in green bolls in cotton fields ranged 8-92 in Artesia
rea, Eddy County, and 0-52 in Roswell area, Chaves County.
Mathews). ARIZONA - Infested 70 percent of top crop at Bowie,
ochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
2
(
|
WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Survey
revealed 17 new infestations in La Jolla, San Diego County. At
leach infestation 25 parasites released. This is farthest north
pest found. Parasite releases continued in known infested area;
80 new releases made this period. Release sites total 1,059 on
which 45,000 parasites released this season. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
DETECTION
ew State Records - A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Leiopus variegatus) -
NEW JERSE amden County. (p. 739). A DERMESTID BEETLE
‘(Anthrenus coloratus) - OHIO - Hamilton County. NEW YORK -
Herkimer County. NORTH CAROLINA —- Wake County. (p. 740).
|
:
‘A REDUVIID BUG (Gnathobleda litigiosa) - OKLAHOMA - Three
ispecimens collected at lights in McCurtain County by D.C. Arnold.
[Determined by W.A. Drew. Collected at Beavers Bend State Park
June 16, 1970, and June 12, 1972, and at Battiest June 14, 1972.
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). This species previously recorded in Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas. (PP).
‘New County and Parish Records - AN ALYDID BUG (Esperanza texana)
LOUISIANA — Lincoln (p. 738). A GRASSHOPPER (Ageneotettix deorum)
NEVADA - Lincoln (p. 741). WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica
virgifera) ILLINOIS - Schuyler, Piatt, Douglas, Moultrie,
Vermilion, Greene, Macoupin (p. 737).
- 741 -
Weather of the week continued from page 736.
air over the East. Florida continued mild with afternoon tempera-—
tures in the 80's. Fort Myers and Palm Beach each registered 87
degrees Wednesday and 88 degrees Thursday. As the weekend drew
near, one High cooled the Northeast and warmed the Great Plains.
Temperatures over South Dakota reached the 70's Thursday after-
noon, 76 degrees at Pickstown. A western High cooled Washington
and Montana. Omak, Washington, recorded 25 degrees Thursday
morning. Winter temperatures moved eastward over the weekend.
The mercury at West Yellowstone, Montana, dropped to zero Sunday
morning. Temperatures averaged above normal along the middle and
southern Atlantic coast and below normal over most of the rest of
the Nation. Parts of the southern Great Plains averaged 4 to 10
degrees cooler than normal.
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
FLORIDA - Gainesville, 10/20-26, BL - Beet armyworm (Spodoptera
exigua) 6, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 3, granulate
cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 2.
MISSISSIPPI - Stoneville, 10/20-26, 2BL, 36-74 degrees F, precip-
itation 1.90 - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 4, beet armyworm |
1, granulate cutworm 5, tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) 2,
NEW HAMPSHIRE - Lee, 10/25, BL - Armyworm 1, black cutworm
(Agrotis ipsilon) 1.
PENNSYLVANIA - (District) - Southeast, 10/12-22, BL - Variegated
cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 1. Southwest, 10/12-22, BL - Armyworm
6, black cutworm 9,
TEXAS - Waco, 10/21-27, BL - Armyworm 75, beet armyworm 37, black{
cutworm 6, fall armyworm 49, granulate cutworm 61, variegated
cutworm 101, yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 3.
—- 742 -
MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
Selected References
1970-1971
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and
Technical Support Staff.
Anwar, M., Chambers, D. L., Ohinata, K., and Kobayashi, R. M.
1971. Radiation-sterilization of the Mediterranean fruit fly
(Diptera: Tephritidae): comparison of spermatogenesis in
flies treated as pupae or adults. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(3):
627-633.
Costilla, M. A. 1970. A review of the situation regarding fruit-
flies (Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) and Ceratitis capitata
(Wied.)) in the province of Tucuman. Estac. Expt. Agr.
Tucuman Misc. Pub. 32:3-4.
Costilla, M. A. 1970. Experiments with molasses and parathion for
control of fruit-flies. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc.
Pub. 32:5. Sum. only.
Cuechi, No J:-A., Puiatti; A. E., and Garcia, M. F. 1970. Obser-
vations on the effectiveness of some attractants for the
fruit-fly in Mendoza. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc. Pub.
32:16-28.
Cunningham, R. T., Farias, G. J., Nakagawa, S., and Chambers,
D. L. 1971. Reproduction in the Mediterranean fruit fly:
depletion of stored sperm in females. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann.
64(1) :312-313.
Cunningham, R. T., Steiner, L. F., Ohinata, K., and Farias, G. J.
1970. Mortality of male melon flies and male Mediterranean
fruit flies treated with aerial sprays of lure and naled
formulated with a monoglyceride or siliceous extender.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(1):106-110.
Cunningham, R. T., Suda, D., Chambers, D. L., and Nakagawa, S.
1971. Aerial broadcast of free-falling pupae of the Mediter-
ranean fruit fly for sterile-release programs. J. Econ. Ent.
64(4) :948-950.
Dresner, E. 1970. A sticky trap for Mediterranean fruit fly
survey. J. Econ. Ent. 63(6):1813-1816.
Farias, G. J. and Nakagawa, S. 1970. Host vs. nonhost plants as
sites for baited traps for Mediterranean fruit flies.
J. Econ. Ent. 63(2) :662-663.
Feron, M. 1970. Studies on the Mediterranean fruit-fly in Tunisia.
Vienna, Int. Atomic Energy Agr. pp. 83-85. In Fr., Engl. Sum.
Fontemachi, E. C. 1970. Evaluation of populations of fruit-flies
in San Juan, estimation of damage. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman
Misc. Pub. 32:13-15.
- 743 -
Gelti-Douka, H. 1970. Sex dimorphism on the 2nd M (2nd media 2
cell) area of the wing of Ceratitis capitata~ (Diptera).
Israel J. Ent. 5:77-81.
Harris, E. J., Nakagawa, S., and Urago, TT... 1971. Sticky (maps geow
detection and survey of three tephritids. J. Econ. Ent.
64(1) :62-65.
Holbrook, F. R. and Fujimoto, M. S. 1970. Mating competitiveness
of unirradiated and irradiated Mediterranean fruit flies.
Je) Heonts bnte. 63.¢4) 2117 5—blier
Holbrook, F. R., Steiner, L. F., and Fujimoto, M. S. 1970. Holding
containers for melon flies and Mediterranean fruit flies for
use in sterile fly aerial releases. J. Econ. Ent. 63(3) :908-
910.
Holbrook, F. R., Steiner, L. F., and Fujimoto, M. S. 1970. Mating
competitiveness of Mediterranean fruit flies marked with ;
fluorescent powders. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2):454-455.
Hooper, G. H. S. 1970. Use of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and cold
to immobilize adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly. J. Econ.
Ent. 63(6) :1962-1963.
Hooper, G. H. S. 1971. Competitiveness of gamma-sterilized males
of the Mediterranean fruit fly: effect of irradiating pupal
or adult stage and of irradiating pupae in nitrogen. J. Econ.
Ent. 64(6) :1364-1368.
Hooper, G. H. S. 1971. Sterilization and competitiveness of the
Mediterranean fruit fly after irradiation of pupae with fast
neutrons. J. Econ. Ent. 64(6):1369-1372.
Hooper, G. H. S. and Katiyar, K. P. 1971. Competitiveness of
gamma-Sterilized males of the Mediterranean fruit fly.
J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1068-1071.
Katiyar, K. P. 1970. Comparison of carrot and bagasse diets for
raising Mediterranean fruit fly larvae. Turrialba 20(2) :217-
222-5 ine Spr
Katiyar, K. P. and Ramirez, E. 1970. Mating frequency and
fertility of Mediterranean fruit fly females alternately
mated with normal and irradiated males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):
1247-1250.
Keiser, I., Schneider, E. L., and Tomikawa, I. 1971. Species
specificity among oriental fruit flies, melon flies, and
Mediterranean fruit flies in Susceptibility to insecticides
at several loci. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3) :606-610.
Keiser, I. and Tomikawa, I. 1970. Species-specific toxicity of
certain insecticides to tephritids in Hawaii suggested by
unusual susceptibility relationships among oriental fruit
flies, melon flies, and Mediterranean fruit flies. J. Econ.
Ent. 63(6) :1746-1748.
- 744 -
Lower, H. F. 1970. Identification of Species of fruit-fly.
Specific determination from fruit-fly larvae. South Austral.
Dept. Agr. Expt. Record 5:5-8.
Madariaga, M. A., Municio, A. M., and Ribera, A. 1970. Biochem-
istry of development of insect Ceratitis capitata: evolution
of fatty acid composition of different lipid classes. Compar.
Biochem. Physiol. 36(2):271-278.
Madariaga, M. A., Municio, A. M., and Ribera, A. 1970. Fasting and
cold-exposure effects on fatty acid composition of Ceratitis
capitata adults. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 35(1) :63-68.
Mayer, K. 1970. Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied.,
a dangerous quarantine pest. Z. Angew. Ent. 65(3):357-363.
In Ger.
Nakagawa, S., Chambers, D. L., Urago, T., and Cunningham, R. T.
1971. Trap-lure combinations for surveys of Mediterranean
fruit flies in Hawaii. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1211-1213.
Nakagawa, S., Cunningham, R. T., and Urago, T. 1971. The repellent
effect of high trimedlure concentrations in plastic traps to
Mediterranean fruit fly in Hawaii. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):762-
763.
Nakagawa, S., Farias, G. J., and Steiner, L. F. 1970. Response of
female Mediterranean fruit flies to male lures in the rela-
tive absence of males. J. Econ. Ent. 63(1) :227-229.
Nakagawa, S. and Coauthors. 1971. Reproduction of the Mediter-
ranean fruit fly: frequency of mating in the laboratory. Ent.
Soc. Amer. Ann. 64(4) :949-950.
Ohinata, K. and Coauthors. 1971. Sterilization of the Mediter-
ranean fruit fly by irradiation: comparative mating effec-
tiveness of treated pupae and adults. J. Econ. Ent. 64(4):
781-784.
Peleg, B. A. and Rhode, R. H. 1970. New larval medium and improved
pupal recovery method for the Mediterranean fruit fly in
Costa Rica. J. Econ. Ent. 63(4):1319-1321.
Rhode, R. H. and Calder6n, W. 1971. Aerial release techniques for
the Mediterranean fruit fly. J. Econ. Ent. 64(2) :537-539.
Rhode, R. H. and Coauthors. 1971. Application of the sterile-
insect-release technique in Mediterranean fruit fly
Suppression. J. Econ. Ent. 64(3):708-713.
Seo, S. T. and Coauthors. 1971. Fumigation with methyl bromide
plus refrigeration to control infestations of fruit flies in
agricultural commodities. J. Econ. Ent. 64(5):1270-1274.
Steiner, L. F. 1970. Mediterranean fruit fly research in Hawaii
for the sterile fly release program. Internatl. Atomic
Energy Agency (Vienna) Panel Proc. 1968:73-82.
- 745 -
Turica, A. and Valsangiacomo, F. J. 1970. Evaluation of the
sterile-male technique in the integrated control of the
Mediterranean fruit-fly. Estac. Expt. Agr. Tucuman Misc.
Pub. 32:9-10. Sum. only.
Vergani, A. A. 1970. Concentrations of insecticides in poison
baits for the control of fruit-flies. Estac. Expt. Agr.
Tucuman Misc. Pub. 32:11. Sum. only.
Wright, R. H. 1971. Correlation of far infrared spectra and
Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) attraction.
Canad. Ent. 103(2):284-285.
Wriehts Rete. Chambers. DLs) and Keiser L319 ja wnseet
attractants, anti-attractants, and repellents. Canad. Ent.
103(4) :627-630.
Zahavi, M. and Tahori, A.-S. 1970. Differences in acetylcholinest-—
erase-sensitivity to phosphamidon in Mediterranean fruit fly |
strains. Israel J. Ent. 5:185-191.
U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Technical Support Staff 22 (44) :743-746, 1972
- 746 -
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
0004 SMINLISMIAL22 34037 OOO1
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR=
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
VOL. 22 No. 45 November 10, 1972
Sa
¥23
me 77 Ent.
Cooperative
Economic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
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including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 November 10, 1972 Number 45
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
GREENBUG continued to damage winter wheat in South Dakota.
(p. 749).
FIRE ANT heavy on pastureland in south-central Texas past 14 days.
oe 750).
BERTHA ARMYWORM severely damaged sugar beet foliage in Columbia
Basin of Washington during last half of October. (p. 750).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak spread southward on Uwharrie National
Forest in central North Carolina. (pp. 751-752).
Special Reports
Alfalfa Weevil. Selected References 1968-1969. (pp. 755-757).
Gypsy Moth Quarantines. Map. (Centerfold).
One issue of the CEIR will be published each month for
November, December, and January. This action is being
@ taken because of the reduced insect activity during
these months and the need for the editorial staff to
concentrate on special projects.
Reports in this issue are for week ending November 3 unless
otherwise indicated.
= at \=
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance....... POT ONORC ROIS 6.6 6.0.6 TA49
Insects Affecting
Corn, Sorghum, Sugarcane...749 Miscellaneous Field Crops....751
SMa VA Gwuela ans is: cireseucueuealeueeaeks 749 Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers..751
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland..750 General Vegetables........... 751
Forage Legumes............. 750 Deciduous Fruits and Nuts....751
SOy: Deans hos s. Ses o eee “IO VOrnamentalst ass. 441) enelelie) eon
CO VOM eiacid eve ensue eneenens acc ueneeuen 750 Forest and Shade Trees.... J). 791
SUA (BESTS as asl eave clos onteeoes #50 Man and! Anama'ls' 355.5) 792
BenevtertenaleninsOctesvae Haein arse ays! (auie\va, fence: ul, ve: saicer soy el ORE Sa 753
Federal and State Plant Protection PY OSTAMS 6.1. 4: 3 cae eee 753
Lights Taga ip aCol Leeitlon'siisqarieia dice. See! She Dee sited ete rents, date stueert Sete ane Ree 753
Hawaia Insect Report... ! 00s sass eee es ecules 4 ee 754
Altalta Weevall. Selected-Reterences) 1968-1969... | stn 755
Detectionian. ci. Wsadtlans does thesis, Daweh, vlargosm Wael 758
Weather of the Week ctesiie 23 cae lem ieee del. eet ee ei
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
NOVEMBER 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for November calls
for temperatures to average below seasonal normals in the southern
Rocky Mountains and over the eastern half of the Nation except for
near normal along the south Atlantic coast. Above normal temper-
atures are indicated for the Pacific Northwest and the California
coast. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in prospect. Pre-
cipitation is expected to exceed normal from the southern Plateau
through the central and southern Plains to the Great Lakes region
and the Appalachians. Subnormal totals are called for over Cali-
fornia as well as northern and central portions of the Plateau
region. In unspecified areas near normal precipitation is expected.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day
"Resume and Outlook" published twice a month by the National
Weather Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of
Documents, Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
- 748 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - MISSISSIPPI - Very light in young
wheat in Lowndes and Noxubee Counties. (Robinson). TEXAS - Surveys
made in wheat fields in 20 Panhandle counties. Counts per row foot
by county: Hansford 60, Deaf Smith 50, Briscoe 39, Parmer 30,
Hartley 30. Counts ranged 1-20 in other counties surveyed. (Green).
KANSAS - Averaged from trace to 1 per row foot in 3 small grain
fields in Rice County, none to trace in 3 fields in Reno County
and one field in Stafford County (October 24). Lady beetles noted
in all fields. Generally light or absent in southwest and south-
east district wheat October 27. (Bell). SOUTH DAKOTA - Still dam-
aging winter wheat. Counts heaviest in Lyman, Jones, and Tripp
Counties; 500+ per linear row foot noted in untreated western
Stanley County fields. Noneconomic in Lawrence County. Infesta-
tion and damage heavier in early planted than in late planted
fields. (Jones, Oct. 20).
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - This
species and Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) increased in Oktibbeha
County alfalfa plots. Beneficials declined. (Robinson, Oct. 27).
KANSAS - Counts in alfalfa per 10 sweeps by county: Rice
(2 fields) 10-42; Reno (2 fields) 35-39; Stafford (1 field) 38.
(edly Oct 3°24).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - KANSAS - Larvae
infested about 20 percent of stalks after harvest in cornfield in
Pottawatomie County. All in overwintering form; most had not bored
into lower stem. (Bell, Oct. 24).
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Recent
survey Showed substantial infestations in some corn in Morton
County in southwest district. In 3 fields checked, percent infested
stalks ranged 44-64 and percent stalks girdled and lodged ranged
12-44. Infestations much lighter in other southwest counties.
eBedl 20ct.: 27).
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - ALABAMA - Numerous
full-grown larvae seen in volunteer late corn in late soybean
field at Summerdale, Baldwin County. Larval surveys negative in
old cornfields in Mobile, Monroe, and Wilcox Counties. (McQueen).
NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - VIRGINIA -
Adults feeding on corn silks in Wythe County August 21 collected
by P.A. Willoughby and in Montgomery County August 18 by L.T. Kok.
Determined by W.A. Allen. These are new county records. (Allen,
Oct. 26) .
SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - KENTUCKY - Problem on late
planted sorghum in western area. (Barnett, Raney).
SMALL GRAINS
HESSIAN FLY (Mayetiola destructor) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 239
(ranged 210-260) larvae and puparia per 100 tillers in nonresist-
ant varieties and 50 (ranged 42-58) in resistant varieties of
- 749 -
winter wheat in Wayne County. All varieties planted before "fly-
free" dates of October 9-11 for county. All stages of immatures
found, Puparia made up about 2 percent of total. Damage in these
plots appeared noneconomic, (I11. Ins. Rpt.).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
FALL ARMYWORM (Spodoptera frugiperda) - MISSISSIPPI - Still heavy
in spots throughout ryegrass pastures in Amite County. (Robinson).
FIRE ANT (Solenopsis geminata) - TEXAS - Heavy in pastureland in
Brazos and Burleson Counties past 2 weeks. Heavy activity also
noted on vacant lots throughout College Station, Brazos County.
Infestations ranged 10-30 mounds per acre at some locations.
(Green).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - VIRGINIA - Adults
collected in Montgomery County alfalfa field October 18, 1972,
by R. Pienkowski., This is a new county record. Although probably
widespread in State, this is only third record. Previously re-
corded from alfalfa at Purcellville, Loundown County, and in
Tazewell County. (Allen).
SOYBEANS
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Adults
heavy in late fields in Mobile and Baldwin Counties. Few larvae
on kudzu and isolated greenspots in late soybeans. When leaves
disappear, larvae feed freely on soybean pods and green stems.
(McQueen).
SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Adults
light in late soybean fields in Mobile and Baldwin Counties; |
mostly in green spots where live pods and leaves remain, (McQueen) ||
COTTON
BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ARIZONA - Heavy in blooms and small
bolls in northwest area of Salt River Valley, Maricopa County.
CArsa'7 2ICoopre (Sur .)),.
BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Adults light to heavy
on late squares and blooms in all fields surveyed in Wilcox,
Monroe, and Montgomery Counties. Most appear to be young adults.
(McQueen).
BANDEDWING WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes abutilonea) - ALABAMA - Egg
laying and nympal feeding still occurring in second growth in
several fields in Mitylene area of Montgomery County. Expected
to continue until stalk destruction or killing frost. (McQueen).
SUGAR BEETS
BERTHA ARMYWORM (Mamestra configurata) - WASHINGTON - Larvae
caused severe foliage damage to sugar beets last half of October
in many sugar beet fields in Columbia Basin, Franklin, Adams, and
Grant Counties. (Johansen, Foeppel).
= 730 =
MISCELLANEOUS FIELD CROPS
HAWAIIAN BEET WEBWORM (Hymenia recurvalis) - VIRGINIA - Adults
very heavy in weedy areas, tomato fields, soybean fields, and
other crops. Developed from heavy infestations occurring on pig-
weed about mid-September in Accomack and Northampton Counties.
(Hofmaster, Oct. 18).
POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS
POTATO TUBERWORM (Phthorimaea operculella) - VIRGINIA - Damage
heavy to untreated potato foliage, some still present in treated
fields in Accomack and Northampton Counties. (Hofmaster, Oct. 18).
GENERAL VEGETABLES
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Ranged 3-5 per
20 row feet in 600 acres of Spinach near Vienna, Dorchester
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - MARYLAND - Larvae light, ranged
1-2 per 20 row feet, in 600 acres of spinach near Vienna, Dor-
chester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - OREGON - Alates and true
sexuals heavy on remaining leaves of peach trees in commercial
orchards in The Dalles and Hood River area, Wasco and Hood River
Counties. Most leaves infested with at least one alate and sexual.
No eggs seen. (Fields).
PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Overwintering adults
heavy (about 1 per leaflet) on non-abscissed pear leaves at
Yakima, Yakima County. (Landis, Oct. 24).
TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) - ALABAMA - Caused heavy twig
fall on hickory, pecan, persimmon, and red oak trees in Tallapoosa,
Lee, Randolph, and Chambers Counties. (Jackson et al.).
ORNAMENTALS
A SAP BEETLE (Conotelus mexicanus) - ARIZONA - Adults heavy in
flowers of many home plantings of chrysanthemums and roses, Also
up to 30 per cotton flower in Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - DELAWARE - Common on cherry-leaf
laurel in one area of Sussex County. Collected by N. Cannon at
Seaford August 7. Determined by D.F. Bray. This is a new State
record. (Burbutis, Kelsey).
A MEALYBUG (Conchaspis angraeci) - FLORIDA - Adults collected from
umbrella tree (Grassaia actinophylla) at nursery in Gainesville,
Alachua County, September 18. This is a new county record.
(Graham).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Evaluation of outbreak conducted on Uwharrie National Forest
=— fol =
(Randolph, Montgomery, and Davidson Counties) during August and
September shows southward spread from northernmost section of
forest. About 3,026 trees attacked (primarily shortleaf pine) in
74 spots within 220,000-acre forest. Thirty-seven percent of trees
actively infested. (Hunt).
A BARK BEETLE (Ips calligraphus) - ALABAMA - Population explosion
killed 80-90 percent of 6 to 10-year-old pine plantings on orna-
mental area around livestock coliseum at Monroeville, Monroe
County. Contributing factor may be large pulpwood yard located
within 150 feet where salvaged wood stacked for shipment to mills.
(McQueen).
DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - NEW MEXICO-
Heavy populations caused defoliation of Douglas-fir in Los Alamos,
Los Alamos County. Light populations caused some defoliation of
spruce and fir in Santa Fe, Santa Fe County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.).
COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy
on blue spruce in Los Alamos, Los Alamos County; and Tesuque and
Santa Fe, Santa Fe County. (Heninger).
VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - OKLAHOMA -
Larvae still common on oak trees in Robbers Cave State Park area,
Latimer County, October 29. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
A NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista albifrons) - WEST VIRGINIA - Larvae
caused light damage to white oak at New Creek, Mineral County.
Collected by D. Eskridge September 6, 1972, Determined by J.D.
Hacker. This is a new county record. (Hacker).
OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on
large planting of mountain cotton wood in Santa Fe, Santa Fe
County. (Heninger).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 3,309 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period October 22-28
as follows: Texas 3,049; Arizona 156; Oklahoma 65; New Mexico 36;
Arkansas 1; Louisiana 1; Florida 1. Arkansas case discovered near
Nashville, Howard County, is sixth confirmed case from area. No
recent additions to herd; outbreak may be due to gravid female
which flew in from infested area in Oklahoma, Louisiana case at
Jennings, Jefferson Davis Parish, in neck wound of native calf.
Florida case found on native steer in herd near busy cattle ship-
ping and concentration point at Oxford, Sumter County. Twenty-
five State and Federal workers assigned to special detection
operation in area. Total of 756 cases reported from Mexico. Num-
ber of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled
154,702,000 as follows: Texas 130,732,000; Arizona 12,260,000;
New Mexico 5,660,000; California 650,000; Louisiana 200,000;
Florida 4,000,000; Alabama 200,000; Georgia 1,000,000. Total of
26,486,000 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 0-13
per head (average 3 per head) on 22 cows in Payne County. (Okla.
Coop. Sur.).
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HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA —- Ranged 20-25 per head
on cattle in Payne County and 10-50 per head in Major County.
Moderate in Pawnee County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). MISSISSIPPI -
Adults averaged less than 100 per animal in Oktibbeha, Noxubee,
and Lowndes Counties. (Robinson).
STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Declined to 0.5 per
head on untreated dairy cattle in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - NORTH DAKOTA - Honey production by
commercial apiaries (300 or more colonies) totaled 7,192,000
pounds in 1972; a 70-percent increase from 1971. This represents
increase in number of colonies and yield per colony. Colonies
totaled 58,000, five percent above 1971; an average yield of 124
pounds per colony is 61 percent above the average yield in 1971.
Late summer rains resulted in good honey flow from sunflower and
other late blooms. (Brandvik).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Cotton
flooded and buried by recent flooding of Gila River at Safford,
Graham County, harboring heavy larval populations. Most bolls
examined contained live larvae. Larvae easily found in top crop
at Deer Valley, Maricopa County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS -
Moths collected in Johnson County October 6 and in Franklin County
October 16 by Cato. Determined by R.W. Hodges. These are first
times collected in these counties. (PP).
RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Adults very
heavy at Raton, Colfax County; lighter populations extend 5 miles
north of Wagon Mound, Mora County. (Patterson).
SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSISSIPPI - Col-
lected from soybeans at Houlka, Chickasaw County, October 4 by
L.B. Clayton. Determined by V.H. Owens. Confirmed by A.M. Golden.
This is a new county record. (PP).
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS
FLORIDA - Gainesville, 10/27-11/2, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia
unipuncta) 2, beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 3, fall army-
worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) 3, granulate cutworm (Feltia sub-
terranea) 3, yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 1.
KANSAS - Great Bend, 10/11-17, BL - Army cutworm (Euxoa auxiliaris)
248, armyworm 92, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 16, corn earworm
(Heliothis zea) 87, variegated cutworm (Peridroma saucia) 56,
PENNSYLVANIA - (District) - Central, 10/23-30, BL - Black cutworm
1. Northwest, 10/23-30, BL - Armyworm 2, black cutworm 1. South-
west, 10/23-30, BL - Black cutworm 5, variegated cutworm 3, yellow-
striped armyworm 1.
TEXAS - Waco, 10/2, BL - Armyworm 378, beet armyworm 81, black
cutworm 4, cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 1, fall armyworm 152,
granulate cutworm 74, variegated cutworm 90, yellowstriped army-
worm 6.
- 753 =
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Corn, Sorghum - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 160+ acres
of mature field corn at Kahuku, Oahu, week ending October 27. All
ears with one or more late larvae. No controls applied. (Kawamura).
Sugarcane - SUGARCANE APHID (Longiunguis sacchari) nymphs and
adults moderate in 100 acres at Honokaa, Hawaii. Lady beetle,
lacewing, and syrphid fly predators moderate. (Ota).
General Vegetables - Larval mines of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza
Spp.) generally moderate to heavy in commercial snap beans at
Waimanalo, Oahu; moderate on cotyledons in adjacent Of acreror
cucumber seedlings and 0.5 acre of soybeans in area. BEAN FLY
(Melanagromyza phaseoli) trace in 3,000 square feet of long beans
at Waimanalo. Remained negligible in commercial snap beans.
(Kawamura) .
Fruits and Nuts - About 75 coconut seedlings at Hawaii Kai, Oahu, © |
with 30-40 percent of fronds with moderate to heavy COCONUT SCALE
(Aspidiotus destructor) colonies on 30-60 percent of pinnae. Lar-
vae and adults of Lindorus lophanthae (a lady beetle) heavy on
some infested pinnae. (Kawamura). GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips
haemorrhoidalis) nymphs and adults moderate in 200 acres of
passion fruit at Kahului, Maui: previously very light in this
orchard. (Miyahira).
Forest and Shade Trees - Very heavy buildup of a GEOMETRID MOTH
(Semiothisa Santaremaria) and KOA HAOLE LOOPER (Anacamptodes
fragilaria) noted in Waianae and Kaena Point areas of Oahu during
October. Totals of 4,500 S. santaremaria and 250 A, fragilaria
moths taken in single light trap during 12-hour period. Larval
counts averaged 10 S. santaremaria and 4 A. fragilaria per ter-
minal foot on koa haole (Leucana leucocephala) and kiawe (Pros-
opis pallida), major hosts of these pests. Larvae of a NOCTUID
MOTH (Melipotis indomita) numerous under bark and debris at bases |
of these trees. (KaShiwai). A SPIDER MITE (Olingonychus mangiferus)}
moderate on 750 acres of native Acacia koa trees in Laupahoehoe
rain forests on Hawaii. Found at lower altitudes as well as upper
limits of forests (4,000 feet). Infested trees usually showed ter-— |
minal malformation, causing stunted condition which culminates in
death of affected branches. Prolonged infestations have killed
these native trees. (Horiuchi). A DELPHACID PLANTHOPPER (Nesosydne |
koae) moderate on regenerated native koa trees at Laupahoehoe
Forest Reserve. Adults, up to 20 per terminal, easily jarred from
infested branches. Nymphs, 20-30 per sample, congregated only on
young growth. (Kashiwai).
Beneficial Insects - On Lanai, Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) |
moderate to heavy in long bean petioles during week ending October
27. M. phaseoli 28 percent parasitized by a BRACONID WASP (Opius
importatus) and 12 percent parasitized by a PTEROMALID WASP
(Halticoptera patellana). O. importatus released on Lanai in
August 1972. On Kauai, Opius spp. parasitized 100 percent of M.
phaseoli infesting cowpea and snap bean petioles at 7 locations
during September. (Miyahira, Sugawa). Field examination of Mel-
astoma malabathricum showed average infestations of fruit to be
48 percent at Hanahanapuni and 14 percent at Knudsen Gap on Kauai.
(Sugawa).
- 754 -
ALFALFA WEEVIL
Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)
Selected References
1968-1969
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and
Technical Support Staff.
Armbrust, E. J., Niemezyk, H. D., Pass, B. C., and Wilson, M. C.
1969. Standardized procedures adopted for cooperative Ohio
Valley States alfalfa weevil research. J. Econ. Ent. 62(1):
250-251.
Barnes, D. K. and Coauthors. 1969. A mass screening procedure for
isolating alfalfa seedlings with resistance to the alfalfa
weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 62(1):66-69.
Barnes, D. K. and Ratclife, R. H. 1969. Evaluation of annual
species of Medicago as sources of alfalfa weevil resistance.
Crop Sci. 9(5):640-642.
Ben Saad, A. A. and Bishop, G. W. 1969. Egg-laying by the alfalfa
weevil in weeds. J. Econ. Ent. 62(5):1226-1227.
Blickenstaff, C. C. 1969. Mating competition between eastern and
western strains of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica. Ent.
Soc. Amer. Ann. 62(5) :956-958.
Blickenstaff, C. C. and Huggans, J. L. 1969. Four methods of
sampling to measure populations of alfalfa weevil larvae.
J. Econ. Ent. 62(3) :556-557.
Boulanger, L. W. 1969. A new record for a parasite of the alfalfa
weevil in eastern United States, Eriplanus micator (Graven-
horst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc.
71(2) :149-150.
Bray, D. F. and Boys, F. E. 1969. Delaware's recommendations for
alta iaeweevail control. Del. Univ. Agr. Ext.) Serv. E-21".
7} \ 0) Oe
Byrne, H. D. 1969. The oviposition response of the alfalfa weevil
Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). Md. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 160.
42 pp. Ref. pp. 34-42.
Campbell, J. K. 1969. You can spray for the weevil with your
mower-conditioner. Hoard's Dairyman 114(4):215.
Goan & M., Adler, V. ., Blickenstaff, C. €., and Steinhauer,
A. L. 1968. Field evaluation of insecticides for control of
the alfalfa weevil in Maryland, 1962-66. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv.
ARS So—L2te, ZO) pp).
Day, W. H. 1969. Biological notes on Dibrachys cavus, a secondary
parasite attacking parasites (Bathyplectes Spp.) of the
alfalfa weevil in the eastern United States. J. Econ. Ent.
62(5) :1225-1226.
- 755 -
DePew, L. J. 1969. Field evaluation of insecticides to control
alfalfa weevil in Kansas, 1967-68. J. Econ. Ent. 62(6):1500-
WSO.
DeWitt, J. R., Armbrust, EL. Je seRobexts,, S.0o., and WhaverG=grn
1969. Preliminary study of the bionomics of the alfalfa
weevil on Soybeans. J. Econ. Ent. 62(5):1233-1234.
Drea, J. J., Jr. 1969. Fecundity, hatch of eggs, and duration of
oviposition of mated, isolated female alfalfa weevils.
J: Eeon.. Ent. 62(6) 21523-1524 .
Dreazsd J. Jr., Angalet,.G: W., and Days) W.s Hl. . 19692 Nosenamisir
infecting a laboratory colony of the alfalfa weevil.
J. Invert. Path. 13(2):303-304.
Golik, Z. and Pienkowski, R. L. 1969. The influence of temperature
on host orientation by the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica.
Ent oP xpit. net, Apple L2@): 1331383. Ger. sume
Hansen, R. W. and Simpson, R. G. 1969. Agricultural flaming for
insect and weed control in Colorado. Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta.
BUIL, SSS, joy.
Hsiao, T. H. 1969. Adenine and related substances as potent
feeding stimulants for the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica.
J. Insect Physiol. 15(10):1785-1790.
Janes, R. L. and Ruppel, R. F. 1969. Alfalfa weevil. Mich. State
Unive Est. Bulls h-639. 4 ppe
Lavallee, A. G. and Shaw, F. R. 1969. Preferences of golden-eye
lacewing larvae for pea aphids, leafhopper and plant bug
nymphs, and alfalfa weevil larvae. J. Econ. Ent. 62(5):1228-
E2208
Niemezyk, H. D. and Flessel, J. K. 1969. Development and testing
of a preventive program for control of the alfalfa weevil in
Ohaoe Jo Econk Ent. 62) 2iro7—12025
Perron, J. P. 1969. First observations on Hypera postica in
Quebec. Ent. Soc. Quebec Ann. 14(1):18-21. In Fr., Engl. Sum.
Pienkowski, R. L. 1969. How to Spray for the alfalfa weevil.
Hoard's Dairyman 114(4) :252-253.
PienkowsSki, R. L. and Golik, Z. 1969. Kinetic orientation
behavior of the alfalfa weevil to its host plant. Ent. Soc.
Amer. Ann. 62(6):1241-1245.
Pienkowski., R= L..,, HSveh, E. KK. and) leCato, G. Ly aii et oGge
Sexual dimorphism and morphometric differences in the
eastern, western, and Egyptian alfalfa weevils. Ent. Soc.
Amer. Ann. 62(6):1268-1269.
Pitre, H. N. 1969. Field studies on the biology of the alfalfa
weevil, Hypera postica, in northeast Mississippi. Ent. Soc.
Amer. Ann. 62(6):1485-1489.
- 756 -
Scheibner, R. A. 1969. Winter flaming helps control alfalfa
weevil. Hoard's Dairyman 114(4):250-251.
Sprenkel, R. K. and Yendol, W. G. 1969. Effects of apholate on the
alfalfa weevil. J. Econ. Ent. 62(1):122-125.
Wilson, M. C. 1969. Who's afraid of the big bad weevil? Grow
alfalfa in spite of him! Here's how you can do it in 1969.
Hoard's Dairyman 114(4):212-214.
Wilson, M. C., Huber, R. T., Gerhold, J. F., and Hintz, T. R.
1969. Buildup of the alfalfa weevil parasite Bathyplectes
curculionis in Indiana. J. Econ. Ent. 62(6):1517-1518.
Wilson, M. C., Pass, B. C., and Bennett, S. E. 1969. Influence of
annual Spring Seeding of alfalfa on alfalfa weevil popula-
tions. J. Econ. Ent. 62(6):1421-1423.
U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Technical Support Staff 22(45) :755-757, 1972
- 7957 -
DETECTION
New State Record - OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - DELAWARE -
Sussex County. (p. 751).
New County Records - ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus)
VIRGINIA - Montgomery (p. 750). A MEALYBUG (Conchaspis angraeci)
FLORIDA - Alachua (p. 751). NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica
longicornis) VIRGINIA - Wythe, Montgomery (p. 749). A NOTODONTID
MOTH (Symmerista albifrons) WEST VIRGINIA - Mineral (p. 7 75205
SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) MISSISSIPPI - Chick-
asaw (p. 753).
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 6
Reprinted from Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin supplied by
Environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: A vigorous storm spread winter weather over the
western Great Plains early in the week. Snow accumulated to sev-
eral inches in parts of North Dakota and Minnesota; up to 2 feet
or more in spots in South Dakota, Colorado, and western Nebraska;
several inches in western Kansas. Gregory, South Dakota, received
25 inches of snow of which 20 inches remained on the ground Monday |
morning, November 6. In Nebraska, precipitation fell as snow in
the west, rain in the east, and treacherous mixtures of snow, rain
and freezing rain in central sections. Southerly winds loaded the
air over eastern portions of the country with moisture. As a cold
front associated with the winter storm crossed the area, heavy
rains fell from eastern Oklahoma to West Virginia and southward
to the Gulf of Mexico. Totals ranged from 3 to 7 inches in
northern Arkansas and 6 to 13 inches in the central part of that
State. Flooding occurred along streams in Missouri and Arkansas.
Hazelgreen, Missouri, received 7.32 inches of rain. Generous but
lighter rains fell from the Great Lakes to the Ohio River Valley
and east of the Appalachians. Precipitation was generally light
west of the Rocky Mountains except in the Far Northwest where
some heavy rains fell in the last half of the week. Southern
California and western Arizona received no rain. Light precipita-
tion occurred from eastern Arizona to western Texas. The weekend |
was pleasant in the Central and South but a new storm was develop-|
ing in the northern Great Plains.
TEMPERATURE: The early winter storm spread cold weather over the
Rocky Mountains and nearby Great Plains early in the week. Temper-
ature at West Yellowstone, Montana, plunged to 11 degrees below
zero Monday morning, October 30. Cold air continued southward.
Alamosa, Colorado, recorded 4 degrees below zero Thursday morning.
Subfreezing weather occurred in New Mexico and western Texas as
far south as the Mexican border Wednesday and Thursday mornings.
The western half of the Nation averaged cooler than normal. Tem-
peratures over the central and southern Rocky Mountains and the
western Great Plains averaged 6 to 15 degrees warmer than normal.
Cold air reduced maximum temperatures over the East late in the
week. Much of the area from the northern Mississippi River to
New England did not warm higher than the 40's Saturday afternoon,
Maximums in the 50's were common in Kentucky and Tennessee.
Florida continued-to warm to the 80's.
- 758 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
o0ol
0004 SMINLISMIA122 34037
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBR-
ARIES SMITHSONIAN INST
WASHINGTON DC 20560
_ VOL.22 Nos. 46-48 November [972
§ AZ
Poy 7 Ent.
Cooperative
EConomic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
U.S.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release, —
including the mailing list, should be sent to: |
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 December 1, 1972 Numbers 46-48
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
GREENBUG damaged 3,000-4,000 acres of wheat in central
Washington. (p. 761).
NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH unusually severe in pine plantations in
eastern Virginia. (p. 763).
ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM and a GEOMETRID MOTH heavily defoliated
several thousand acres of forest in southern New Jersey.
Gorm 7G3))) .
Detection
New State records include WHITE PINE WEEVIL in California
(p. 763), and a CALLIPHORID FLY in Virginia (p. 766).
For new county records see page 766.
Special Report
Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1950-1955. (pp. 769-
(74).
NOTE: In the November 10 issue of the CEIR (Volume 22, No. 45)
there was a copy of a Gypsy Moth Quarantine map dated,
"Revised September 5, 1972.'"' This map did NOT depict the
regulated area resulting from 1972 surveys. It is
anticipated the quarantine map with the 1972 regulated
areas will be published early in 1973.
Reports in this issue are for weeks ending November 10 through
November 24 unless otherwise indicated.
- 759 -
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance.......... jloobonooboc 7 (6m
Insects Affecting
Corny sy Sovechum; Susancanek. 25 (olan © nes yen iene oa sh a alice: Sees 163 @
Sma iGraimis\yie se cuss s(sleke sisi siete COW Ornamen tadis sik ee 763 |
Hoag ere ewmMeSkercrey sick cue ee erence 761 Forest and Shade Trees.....763 9
Soybeans) adie ere sees wes (62 Man: and: Animals?) shee Seen 764 —
COLTON D whee Bec .....762 Households and Structures. .764 |
Deciduous Fruits and Nuts.: .762-. Stored’ Products: 5.4... 0a" (65 19
IsximEnesk@reyil IMIMSXCUES 5 Go dnosoocdcs Ba dearena ma eters veratemere OUD Oicinioo cc o4 COS
Federal and State Plant Protectaon Prosrams... J. 222 5 LOS)
Dette ctalony ys ueiene DUNT) Once DAOsORe: Heocom: = Lor o ooo oe waite ei lac'ei'e) o:rortontetnetreres 3 burmcmonoion ae
CORMECELONS stasis sid sci e oe Moo mae oo ame a eh BID Ho ad oa dic c moon oe A COE
Hawais Minsecteheporit. sso ee Bi dinate Sle nerteete COTE Ol Gio S. o'c Pee SZ
Mediterranean Fruit Fly. Selected References 1950-1955........ 769
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-NOVEMBER TO MID-DECEMBER 1972
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-November to
mid-December calls for temperatures to average below seasonal
normals in the central and southern Plains, the middle Mississippi |
Valley and California. Above normal temperatures are indicated for |
the Great Lakes region, the Northeast, Florida, and the northern
intermountain region. Elsewhere near normal temperatures are in
prospect. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in the
eastern half of the Nation and west of the Divide except for near
normal amounts over the southern Plateau region. Subnormal
precipitation is expected to be limited to the Rio Grande Valley.
In unspecified areas near normal totals are expected.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume
and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather
Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents,
Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year.
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 27
Reprinted from weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Supplied by
environmental Data Service, NOAA,
PRECIPITATION: The week began with clouds covering much of the
Nation. The main exceptions were an area from California across
the southern Rocky Mountains to the western edge of Texas, a small |
portion of the middle Mississippi River Valley, and extreme ;
southern Florida. Fog was widespread early Monday from the northern
portion of the Great Basin to the upper and middle Mississippi
River Valley, and from Lower Michigan to the Tennessee River Valley,
A vigorous storm centered off the northern Atlantic coast continued
to produce heavy rain along the coast and snow in northeastern :
New York and northern New England. New York City received more rain)
this month than any previous November and more rain in 1972 than
in any previous calendar year. Weather of the week continued on
page 768.
- 760 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARKANSAS - Survey negative in
Washington County week ending November 17. (Boyer). OKLAHOMA -
Averaged less than 1 per linear foot in ungrazed wheat in El
Reno area, Canadian County. None found in ungrazed field near
Chickasha, Grady County, week ending November 17. (Okla. Coop.
Sur.). KANSAS - Economic in one wheat field; averaged 250 per
drill row foot in 5-inch wheat in northern Finney County. Less
than 1 percent dead leaves seen. Some treating reported in
Wichita County, primarily confined to southern part. (Bell).
NEBRASKA - Ranged 20-65 per linear row foot in early planted
small grain fields in Osceola and Stromburg area of Polk County.
Some fields destroyed, others showed minor damage. Several fields
treated in October showed good control. (Keith). SOUTH DAKOTA -
Continued to damage winter wheat near Kennebec, Lyman County,
and other winter wheat fields in spite of accumulated snowfall
of 4-8 inches October 30 and November 2. During period November
3-10, temperatures in 40's and 50's in wheat areas in western
part of State. Coccinellidae also active in these fields.
(Jones). WASHINGTON - Damaged 3,000-4,000 acres of wheat at
Wilson Creek, Grant County, as of November 10. Ranged 500-1,000
per plant; some young plants almost destroyed. (Foeppel, Retan).
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - KANSAS - Trace in some
wheat in Finney, Haskell, Seward, and Meade Counties. None seen
in Scott, Greeley, Wichita, Gray, Stanton, and Stevens Counties.
(Bell).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - ARIZONA -
Sorghum field south of Peoria, Maricopa County, almost total loss
week ending November 17. (Shields).
SMALL GRAINS
APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - KANSAS - Moderate to
heavy on lower stems of wheat in some fields in west-central and
southwest districts. Heaviest infestation 700 per row foot in
northern Finney County field. (Bell).
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - INDIANA - Oviposition in
alfalfa unusually light over most of State. Egg counts per
square foot by county: Knox zero, Harrison 13, Steuben 13,
La Porte (study fields) 76. (Wilson, Armbrust). KENTUCKY - Eggs
averaged 22 and 1.4 per square foot at 2 locations in Fayette
County. Larvae averaged 0.1 per square foot at one location.
(Barnett, Parr). TEXAS - Adults noted for first time this fall
in Brazos River Bottoms of Brazos and Burleson Counties. Averaged
7 per 40 sweeps. (Latham). OKLAHOMA - Adults moved into alfalfa
in Stephens County with mating and egg laying begun by first
week in November. Eggs ranged 6-8 per square foot in Payne County
November 13, averaged 18 per square foot in Stephens County
-November 17. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Adults heavy in duff near
alfalfa fields west of Snowville in Curlew Valley, Box Elder
County, week ending November 17. (Knowlton).
- 761 -
A WEEVIL (Pantomorus taeniatulus) - ALABAMA - Adults heavy on
leaves of annual Lespedeza and other legumes along roads and
fields in Lee County week ending November 17. Larval feeding not
noted. (Barwood et al.).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - UTAH - Heavy in many Millard
County alfalfa fields week ending November 17. (Chapman,
Knowlton). ARKANSAS - Light, ranged 10-15 per 100 sweeps, in
Washington County alfalfa week ending November 17. (Boyer).
THREECORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA -
Adults and nymphs continued very heavy in alfalfa in Washita,
Custer, and Beckham Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
SOYBEANS
A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Dectes texanus texanus) - NORTH CAROLINA —
Larval damage economic for first time in Piedmont area of Anson
and Cumberland Counties. Checks in southern Anson County
revealed general larval infestation in weeds and soybeans. About
20 fields observed with infested soybean plants ranging 1-40
percent. One combined field estimated to have 25 percent lodging.
(Hunt, Potter, Jernigan). TENNESSEE - Adults taken on soybeans in
Dyer County August 6, 1971, Lauderdale and Shelby Counties
August 30, 1971, and Fayette County August 5, 1971. Collected
and determined by Patrick. These are new county records. (Gordon,
Bruer ).
COTTON
TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - OKLAHOMA —- Larval
determinations indicate budworms very common in treated cotton
in several western and southern counties during August and
September. During September, comprised about 90 percent of the
bollworm population in Jackson, Harmon, and Greer Counties, and
about 100 percent in Washita County. In Bryan County, about 80
percent of population was budworms by mid-August. (Okla. Coop.
Sunes ie
COTTON LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - OKLAHOMA -
Larvae collected October 9 at Chickasha, Grady County, by D.C.
Arnold, D.C. Peters, R.G. Price, and J.H. Young; Caddo and
Washita Counties by E. Cleveland; Noble County by J.H. Young;
Cotton County by J. Coakley; and Bryan County by B. Hines.
These are new county records. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS
PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Infested 60-80 per-
cent of nuts on untreated trees in orchard in Rogers County
week ending November 10. During next 7 days, infestations ranged
20-30 percent on untreated native pecans and 25-45 percent on
untreated improved varieties in Noble County orchard. (Okla.
COOO> SWE, }) 6
HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) -—- ALABAMA - Overwintering
larvae heavy in shucks of nuts under all pecan trees examined
during first part of November in Lee, Montgomery, Mobile, Baldwin, |
Monroe, and Wilcox Counties. (McQueen).
- 762 -
CITRUS
AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Taken November 16
by V.C. Brown on Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) at Immokalee,
Collier County. This is a new county record. (Dekle).
ORNAMENTALS
A GEOMETRID MOTH (Thysanopyga intractata (Walker)) - VIRGINIA -
Larvae heavily damaged American holly in four counties.
Northumberland, collected by E.M. Daniel October 23. Determined
by D.M. Weisman. Prince George, collected by P.S. Harris November
6; Westmoreland collected by N.P. Pfucha November 14; Hanover,
collected by C.W. Saunders November 11. All determined by W.A.
Allen. These are new county records. (Allen).
A LACE BUG (Stephanitis takeyai) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults
collected October 12 on Pieris japonica in Boalsburg, Centre
County, by T. Wolf and F. Dinsmore. Determined by T.J. Henry.
This is a new county record. (Kim).
DIASPIDID SCALES - FLORIDA - Adults of Acutaspis morrisonorum
and Velataspis dentata collected on palmetto (Sabal sp.)
October 24 at Ft. Myers, Lee County, by W.E. Wynn and H.L.
Gillis. These are new county records. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
AN ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis cockerelli) - FLORIDA - All stages
caused severe damage to leaves of Magnolia grandifolora at
Tampa, Hillsborough County, with 99 percent of 100 sampled
plants showing damage. (Baker, Lowery).
MEALYBUGS (Geococcus coffeae) - FLORIDA - This species and
Phenacoccus solani collected on Sida rhombifolia and Schinus
terebinthifolius October 25 at Homestead, Dade County. G. coffeae
is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). Fa
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - CALIFORNIA - Collected
from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) at Fort Dick, Del Norte
County, during October 1972 by R.E. Dresser. Determined by T.N.
Seeno. Confirmed by R.E. Warner. This is a new State record. (PP),
NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - VIRGINIA -
Unusually severe damage reported to pine plantations and yard
trees in Portsmouth area, Nansemond County, during week of
November 24. (For. Pest Surv. Rpt.). FLORIDA - Pupae heavy on
132 loblolly pine trees, Pinus taeda, at Gainesville, Alachua
County; November 10. (O'Steen).
ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae
completely defoliated several thousand acres of oaks in southern
Ocean County. Present each summer in small scattered spots,
this is largest single infestation ever noted in State. (McNally,
Oct)’.
A GEOMETRID MOTH (Lambdina pellucidaria) - NEW JERSEY - Larvae
heavily defoliated about 5,000 acres of pitch pine forest in
southern area during October. This pest rarely causes such
extensive damage in State. (McNally).
FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - MINNESOTA - Egg
mass surveys completed in Koochiching, northern Itasca, and
northern St. Louis Counties. Number of egg masses per sample and
area of infestation considerably reduced from past years. (Minn.
Besit pie).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 4,948 confirmed
cases reported in continental U.S. during period October 29 to
November 18 as follows: Texas 4,817; Arizona 108; New Mexico 15;
California 4; Oklahoma 3; Kansas 1. Special surveillance
operations around Dermopolis, Alabama, and Radium Springs,
Georgia, have been discontinued with 32,888 and 25,027 head of
cattle inspected respectively. Number of sterile flies released
in U.S. this period totaled 470,230,700 as follows: Texas
379,658,800; Arizona 53,635,000; Florida 12,680,000; New Mexico
2,872,500; California 1,720,000; Georgia 1,000,000; Louisiana
664,400. Total of 1,398 cases reported in Mexico this period.
Total of 90,591,800 sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim.
Health).
HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults averaged
less than 100 per head on cattle in Oktibbeha County week ending
November 10. Counts decreased week of November 17; adults
averaged less than 25 per head of 30 mixed cattle. (Robinson).
COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Packing
plants in several areas of State reported damage in carcasses
much heavier than at this time in 1971. One lot of cattle
averaged 85 percent infested. Grubs light on cattle in Comanche
Comaiy, (Okla. COCO, Slieo, Now. LW).
NORTHERN FOWL MITE (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) - PENNSYLVANIA -
Counts of 200 mites per bird seen on 6,000 layers in Bonneauville,
Adams County; 10 percent loss in production. (Walker).
EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA —- Still heavy on cattle
in Comanche County, moderate in Johnston County week ending
November 17. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
MOSQUITOES - OKLAHOMA - Adults, mainly Culex tarsalis, continued
common and annoying in Stillwater area, Payne County, week
ending November 11, despite cool weather previous 14 days. (Okla.
(COOM4 SUE >) <
DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) - OREGON -
Allergic reactions to larval hairs reported by 80-100 loggers
involved in salvage operations in eastern part of State.
Symptoms include eczema and difficulty in breathing. (Penrose).
HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES
REDSHOULDERED HAM BEETLE (Necrobia ruficollis) - NEW HAMPSHIRE -
Thousands of adults and larvae infesting tannery at Lebanon,
Grafton County. (Pestana).
- 764 -
STORED PRODUCTS
NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - OREGON - Larvae
infested 3,400 pounds of walnuts shipped from out of State to
Medford. Shipment sampled week ending November 24; 28-60 percent
of nuts affected. (Summers).
INDIAN MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - FLORIDA - Larvae
common in shelled corn, hundreds of adults on wall of corn crib,
at Laurel Hill, Okalossa County. (Carroll, Nov. 16).
RED-HORNED GRAIN BEETLE (Platydema ruficorne) - NEBRASKA - Damaged
stored ear corn near Bruno, Butler County. Determined by T.J.
Spilman. This is a new county record. (Keith, Nov. 15).
RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in farm
stored wheat in Washita County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
A FLEA BEETLE (Longitarsus jacobaeae) - WASHINGTON - About 500
adults released on tansy ragwort November 9 near Battle Ground,
Clark County. (Shanks). OREGON - Released 500 adults on tansy
ragwort rosettes on State land in western Marion County, November
9. (Westcott, Penrose).
A SAGE WEEVIL (Phrydiuchus tau) - OREGON - Total of 448 adults
from Yugoslavia released on Mediterranean sage, Salvia aethiops,
in Lakeview area, Lake County, November 2, 1972. (Andres). Few
live adults observed in July 1972 at two 1971 release sites south
and west of Lakeview, indicating successful completion of one
life cycle. (Penrose).
A TACHINA FLY (Spathimeigenia spinigera) -—- OKLAHOMA - One
specimen reared from 30 cocoons of Neodiprion excitans (a
conifer sawfly) collected in Haskell County March 7, 1972. S.
spinigera determined by C.W. Sabrosky. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA —- Total of
94,753 acres of beet leafhopper infested Russian thistle stands
in San Joaquin Valley treated October 26. Recent surveys showed
much better kill this year than in fall 1971. Delayed starting
date resulted in more uniform population control; 72-hour kill
checks revealed almost total control in many areas. (Cal. Coop.
Rvite)2
EUROPEAN CRANE FLY (Tipula paludosa) -— WASHINGTON - One adult
male collected at golf course near Retnon, King County, September
7, 1972, by L. Campbell. Determined by W.J. Turner. Confirmed
by G.W. Byers. This is a new county record and most southern
collection of this pest in State. (Campbell, Turner).
IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis sp.) - TENNESSEE - All surveys to
date in 1972 have been negative. (Gordon et al.).
- 765 -
PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) -— CALIFORNIA —- Non-
sterile moths still trapped in sex lure traps baited with hexalure
during week ending November 17. No larvae detected. Only single
males trapped with total of 34 for San Joaquin Valley this season.
Sterile moth releases total 95,600,000. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
ARIZONA — Ranged O-6 per bale in Cochise County week ending
November 24. (Kozloski). NEW MEXICO - Infestations remained
generally heavy in late bolls still in cotton fields in Dona
Ana County week ending November 10. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). Lint
cleaner inspections during week of November 17 in Chaves and Lea
Counties revealed few larvae. Inspections in southern Eddy County
showed much heavier populations; lint cleaner glasses nearly
obscured by larvae. (Perry).
WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy
populations on citrus trees widespread in Carlsbad, San Diego
County, week ending November 17. Infestation apparently existed
at undetected low level until population explosion this year
with climatic conditions exceptionally favorable for many
varieties. Each infested property received 25 parasites as
MMEOG UA EHO COetcrtec, (CHIL, Cooa. Rote.) +
DETECTION
New State Records - A CALLIPHORID FLY (Protocalliphora hirudo) -
VIRGINIA —- Pupae taken subcutaneously from head of house wren
Augus< 22, 1972, in Roanoke County. Collected by A.0O. Engdash®
Determined by C.W. Sabrosky. (Allen). WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes
strobi) - CALIFORNIA - Del Norte County. (p. 763).
New County Records - AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) FLORIDA -
Collier (p. 763). A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Dectes texanus texanus)
TENNESSEE - Dyer, Lauderdale, Shelby, Fayette (p. 762). COTTON
LEAFPERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) OKLAHOMA - Grady, Caddo
Washita, Noble, Cotton, Bryan (p. 762). RED-HORNED GRAIN BEETLE
(Platydema ruficorne) NEBRASKA - Butler (p. 765). DIASPIDID
SCALES - Acutaspis morrisonorum, Velataspis dentata — FLORIDA -
Lee (p. 763). EUROPEAN CRANE FL Y (Tipula paludosa) WASHINGTON -
King (p. 763). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Thysanopyga intractata) VIRGINIA
Northumberland, Prince George, Westmoreland, Hanover Gor 763).
A LACE BUG (Stephanatis takeyai) PENNSYLVANIA - Centre (p. 763).
A MEALYBUG (Geococcus coffeae) FLORIDA - Dade (p. 763).
CORRECTIONS
CEIR 22(44):740 - HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES: "A DERMESTID BEETLE
(Anthrenus coloratus) NORTH CAROLINA ... O.L. Stephan ...'" should
readea y= DL stephan soo (Caiman te))’g
- 766 -
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavy in 0.5 acre corn at
Pupukea, Oahu; 95 percent of nearly mature ears with one or more
young larvae in silks or ear tips.
General Vegetables —- PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) heavy in
0.25 acre of Sweet peppers at Hawaii Kai, Oahu; about 40 percent
of fruit infested with one or more larvae or adults. (Kawamura).
TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) moderate and light on
foliage in yard plantings of potato and eggplant, respectively,
at Kula, Maui. Larval parasitism by a braconid (Apanteles
scutellaris) heavy in nearby tomato planting. (Miyahira,
Kawamura). Larvae of LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.) and BEET
ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) moderate in yard planting of green
onions at Manoa, Oahu; about 85 percent of plants affected. Both
species moderate to heavy in commercial plantings at Waianae,
Oahu. (Otsuka, Yamamoto).
Fruits and Nuts - Larval damage by a NOCTUID MOTH (Phlegetonia
delatrix) heavy on about 75 percent of roadside Java plum trees
at Hana, Maui; 75 percent of young terminal leaves damaged. (Ah
Sam).
Forest and Shade Trees —- EURASIAN PINE APHID (Pinus pini) surveys
during October concentrated in Koloa district, Kauai, including
Omao and Lawai. Pinus plants examined mainly potted bonsai but
also included ornamental pines in ground. All results negative
and appears increasingly doubtful that this pest is established
on Garden Isle. (For last report on this pest see CEIR Vol. 22
No. 43:727). (Kashiwai).
Beneficial Insects - Melanagromyza phaseoli (bean fly) infesting
cow pea and snap bean petioles on Kauai during October, 75-100
percent parasitized by BRACONIDS (Opius importatus and O. phaseoli).
(Sugawa). Eggs of a TACHINA FLY (Trichopoda pennipes pilipes)
present on 8 of 9 adults of Nezara viridula (southern green stink
bug) collected in fallow corn field at Pupukea, Oahu. This fly
purposely introduced from Antigua and Montserrat, British West
Indies, and released in April 1962. Ninety-five adults of a
CHAMAEMYIID FLY (Leucopis nigraluna), larvae of which are
predators of nymphs and adults of Pineus pini (Eurasian pine
aphid), were released at Waikii, Hawaii. About 500 adults have
been released since the biological control project was initiated
in March 1972. No recoveries have been made by November 17. (See
Eurasian pine aphid, above). (Kashiwai). LANTANA GALL FLY
(Eutreta xanthochaeta) caused heavy galling of lantana plants at
Koaia Sanctuary, Kawaihae Uka, Hawaii. Heavily affected branches
averaged one gall per inch. (Matayoshi).
General Pests —- CARMINE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus cinnabarinus)
very heavy on 50 percent of papaya trees in yard plantings at
Lahaina and Kahului, Maui; heavy on plumeria at Lahaina and 3
acres of snap beans at Waianae, Oahu. (Miyahira, Kawamura).
GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica) activity light on Kauai
during October; 64 snails collected at Poipu, none at Wahiawa.
Baiting limited to areas of snail activity at Poipu; appears that
snails remained in aestivation during this dry month. (Sugawa).
NARROW WINGED KATYDID (Elimaea punctifera) feeding damage severe
to greenhouse orchid and chrysanthemum blossoms at Kona, Hawaii.
Similar activity noted on young coffee terminals at Kainaliu,
Hawaii. (Matayoshi).
- 767 -
Weather of the week continued from page 760.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, also received more rain this month
than in any previous November. A storm developed early Monday in
the Southwest, crossed the central and southern Rocky Mountains
and dumped several inches of snow on the eastern slopes of the
Rockies and the western edge of the central Great Plains. One of
the heaviest amounts, 7 inches, fell at Dalhart in the Texas
Panhandle and at Gage in western Oklahoma. Freezing rain
accompanied snow over a large area and some roads became dangerous
for motorists. Snow began falling late Tuesday over a wide area :
from the Great Lakes to Tennessee and spread eastward over the |
northern Appalachians. A large storm caused rain over the South |
late in the week and a variety of precipitation from the
Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean over the weekend. Week-—
end precipitation included wet snow from the upper and middle
Mississippi River Valley to the Appalachians and thunderstorms
over the South. A storm moving up the Atlantic coast caused wide-
spread rain along the Atlantic seaboard. Wet snow and mixtures of
snow and rain which fell in some areas, made highway travel risky
for many motorists who were returning after being away from home
for Thanksgiving.
TEMPERATURE: Southern Florida basked in summer weather. The
temperature of Fort Lauderdale climbed to 88 degrees Monday after-
noon, November 20. Winter temperatures prevailed over most of the
Nation. Freezing weather occurred several mornings as far south as
the Mexican border. Subzero temperatures were recorded at numerous
stations, in Wyoming and the Colorado Rockies Wednesday morning.
The mercury at Rapid City, South Dakota, did not get above 25
degrees Monday afternoon and plunged to 10 degrees Wednesday
morning. Tuesday was the eleventh consecutive day the temperature
at Rapid City has remained below 32 degrees in November since
records began in 1888. The afternoon maximums over the Texas
Panhandle Tuesday were 20 to 30 degrees colder than normal for
late November. Amarillo warmed to only 26 degrees in the heat of
the day Tuesday. Cold weather spread over almost the entire
Nation. Temperatures in the low 40's were common along the gulf
coast Wednesday morning when Mobile, Alabama, registered 42 degrees.
The weekend brought warmer weather to much of the West but only
slight warming in the East. Temperatures averaged warmer than
normal from Washington and Oregon to Wisconsin but cooler than
normal over most of the rest of the Nation. Most of the area from
Kansas to Texas and eastward to the Atlantic coast averaged 6 to
10 degrees colder than normal.
- 768 -
MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)
Selected References
1950-1955
Copies of this bibliography are available from Pest Survey and
Technical Support Staff.
Ackermann, E. 1951. Erfahrungen uber die Mittelmeer-fruchtfliege
(Ceratitis capitata Wied.) bei citruseinfuhren. Pflanzen-
schutz 3(4):78-80.
Araya, F. 1954. Un aracnido predator de las moscas de fruta.
Posible utilidad para la citricultura. Cien. e Invest. 10(6):
254-260.
Avidov, Z. 1950. Occurrence of Mediterranean fruit fly in a plum
orchard at Mikveh-Israel (1945-1949). Jewish Agency
Batesianel ple. RES .wiota. Ls233—244 3) in) He). Abridged Engl.
trans. pp. 51-54.
Avidov, Z. and Swirski, E. 1952. Laboratory tests on the effect of
chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds on the Mediterranean fruit
fly. Israel Agr. Res. Sta. Ktavim 2/3:191-197. In He.
English translation pp. 53-56.
Baas, J. 1955. Die Mittelmerrfruchtfliege Ceratitis capitata Wied.
in Mitteleuropa. Gartenbauwissenschaft 19(3) :340-365.
Baas, J. 1955. Die Mittelmeer-fruchtfliege in Frankfurt am Main.
Nat. u. Volk 85(3) :65-70.
Baggiolini, M. 1953. La lutte contre la ceratite par piegeage a
l'aide de gobe-mouches. Rev. Romande d'Agr. de Viticult. et
d'Arboricult 9(5) :43-44.
Balachowsky, A. 1950. La mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata
Wied.) est-elle originaire de l'Afrique tropicale? Fruits
d'Outre Mer 5(9):319-324.
Balachowsky, M. A. 1950. Sur l'origine de la mouche des fruits
(Ceratitis capitata Wied). Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt.
Rend. 36(9) :359-363.
Balock, J. W. 1951. Ethylene dibromide for destroying fruit fly
infestations in fruits and vegetables. Science 114(2953) :122.
Berville, Pe L953. Laemouche des truits (Ceratmiaisscapatata)).
Phytoma (n.s.) 51(6):5-7.
Bess, H. A. 1952. Fighting the fruit flies. Hawaii Farm Sci.
1(1):7-8.
Bess, H. A. 1953. Status of Ceratitis capitata in Hawaii following
the introduction of Dacus dorsalis and its parasites. Hawaii
Eng. Soe. Proc. 15(1l) 7220-234;
- 769 -
Besson, J. 1950. La mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wieds).
Soc. d'Hort. de la Haute-Garonne. Ann. Ser. 5, 15:198-203.
Bohm, H. 1951. Ein neuer fruchtschadling! Pflanzenarzt 4(10) :3-4.
Bohm, H. 1954. Die Mittelmeerfruchtfliege stellt sich vor. |
Bundesanst. f. Pflanzenschutz 7(12):20-21. |
Boselli, F. 1952. Experiments on use of DDT against the Mediter-
ranean fruit fly in Sardinia in 1951. Ann. della Sper. Agr.
(n.s.) 6(4):1011-1020. In Ital., Engl. Sum.
Boselli, F. 1954. Results of experiments for the control of the
Mediterranean fruit fly in Sardinia in 1952. Ann. della
Spex: Agr. (nis) SCL) 2239-270. In Itall., .Eneieagsume
Canizo, J. Del. 1954. La mosea de las frutas. Alcor 74:18-22.
Costantino, G: 1951. Control of thefruit, fly... Acre eitaleaeaGsne
DNB 74S). dif Wc aL ile
Costantino, G. 1954. I nuovi metodi di lotta artificiale contro
la mosca della frutta (Ceratitis capitata, Wied.). Osserv.
Region. di Fitopathol. per la Calabria Cir. 10. 3 pp.
New methods of artificial control of the fruit fly.
Cottier, W. 1952. The cold sterilization of oranges from South
Africas New Zeal. Sei. Rev. 10(7) 399)
Dalmeyer, W. H. M. 1952. Results obtained with aldrin and
dieldrin against the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis
capitata Wied) in peach orchards in France. Cong. Internatl.
de Phytopharm. 3(2) :267-274.
Delanoue, P. 1951. Encore la ceratite! Feuille d'Inform. Vitic.
et Arbor. de Tunisie 24:8-18.
Delanoue, P. and Soures, B. 1953. Contribution a l'etude
capitata) Wied. Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 39(2): |
63-66.
Delmas, H. G. 1952. Essais toxicologiques préliminaires sur
Ceratitis capitata Wied. Cong. Internatl. de Phytopharm
3(2) : 289-299.
Delmas, H. G. 1953. Essai de lutte chimique contre Ceratitis
capitata Wied. Acad. d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 39(7):
394-397.
Delmas, H. G. 1954. Quelques problemes pratiques soulevés par
l'expérimentation de traitements contre Ceratitis capitata
(Wied.) en Roussillon. Fruits 9(10) :436-442.
Delmas, H. G. and Thermes, R. 1963. Essais de destruction de
Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) pendant sa vie hypogee. Acad.
d'Agr. de France Compt. Rend. 39(4) :222-226.
= f70) =
Delmas, H. G. and Thermes, R. 1953. Sur la profondeur de ‘pupaison
de Ceratitis capitata Wied. Rev. de Path. Vég. et d'Ent. Agr.
de France 32(1):44-49.
Ebeling, W. 1953. Laboratory experiments on the control of three
Species of fruit flies (Tephritidae). Hilgardia 21(17):515-
062.
Feron, M. 1952. Observation sur le parasitisme de Ceratitis
capitata Wied, dans le sous marocain. Rev. de Path. Vége. et
d'Ent. Agr. de France 31(2):99-102.
Follin, C. 1955. Skadegorare av internationell betydelse
medelhavsfruktflugan (Ceratitis capitata). Sweden Stat.
Vaxtskyddsanstalt Vastskyddsnotiser 19(4) :60-66.
Gast, A. and Muller, G. 1954. Beobachtungen uber das auftreten
der Mittelmeerfruchtfliege (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) in
Basel. Schweiz. Z. f£. ObsSt- u. Weinbau. 63:202-206.
Geier, P. and Baggiolini, M. 1953. Observations sur la mouche
Mediterraneenne, Ceratitis capitata Wied., en Suisse.
Schweiz. Ent. Gesell. Mitt. 26(1):46.
Genduso, P. 1954/1955. Prove di lotta contro la Ceratitis
capitata Wied in provincia di Palermo a mezzo di derivati
clorurati di sintesi ed esteri fosforici. Palermo Univ. Ist.
di Ent. Agr. Bol. 1:75-85.
Ghesquiere, J. 1950. Un parasite de la Ceratitis capitata Wied. en
France. Soc. Ent. de France Bul. 55(5):66-68.
Giannotti, O. and Lepage, H. S. 1951. Preliminary note on the
effect of Some modern insecticides on two pests of peach,
Ceratitis capitata and Grapholitha molesta. Biologico
17(9) : 166-168. In Por.
Gomes, J. 1952. Sprays for fruit pests. Lav. e Criacao 7(44):37.
In Por.
Grison, P., Feron, M., and Sacantanis, K. 1950. Development de la
mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) en milieu
nutritif synthetique. Paris. Acad. des Sci. Compt. Rend.
231(19) :996-998.
Juarez Montegrifo, F. 1952. Defensa de la naranja temprana contra
la "mosea.'' Cam. Ofic. Sind. Agr. de la Prov. de Murcia.
Bul. 111:3-4.
Laurence, B. R. 1955. Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Trypetidae) in
south London. Ent. Rec. and J. Variation 67(2):70-71.
Leonardi, C. 1954. The fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wied is no
longer fearsome. Agr. Napoletana 21(5/6):12-17. In Ital.
Mariconi, F. A. M. and Iba, S. 1955. The Mediterranean fruit fly.
ErOlOstESG BiB) el7voBAs Abin, toe 4
- 771 -
Martelli, G. M. 1950. Tentative trials of olive fly control by
chlorinated organic compounds dusted on the soil or incor-
porated in it. Ann, della Sper. Agr? (n.s.) 4(C1):158-164)
Ijar (pe, , UiaerIl, Swi 4
Werree sia Tal U0), INOGE préliminaire sur le comportement de
Ceratitis capitata Wied dans la région algeroise (Dipt.
Trypetid.). Schweiz. Ent. Gesell. Mitt. 23(2):120-124.
Martin, H. 1952. Essais de lutte contre... la mouche Mediter-
raneenne des fruits (Ceratitis capitata Wied) sur peches
tardives en provence. Phytoma 36(5):20-21.
Martin, H. 1953. Contribution a l'etude de la mouche des fruits
(Ceratitis capitata Wied) dans la region d'Alger 1949-1951.
Rev. de Path. Veg. et d'Ent. Agr. de France 32(4):209-246.
Engl. Sum. i
Martin, H. 1953. Observations on the Mediterranean fruit fly on
citrus in Tripolitania (Libya) in 1952/53. FAO Plant Protect.
Bul. 1(9):132-136.
Martino, E. Di. 1952. Another test on Mediterranean fruit fly
control. Ann. della Sper. Agr. (n:s.) 6(C1) :5=142) lneteaeer
Engl. Sum.
Martino, E. Di. 1952. Comparative tests of the attractiveness of
beet and carob molasses. Ann. della Sper. Agr. (n.s.)
6(4) :933-940. In Ital., Engl. Sum.
As bait for Ceratitis capitata
Mellini, E. 1952. The fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.).
Informatore Fitopatol. 2(5):4-5. In Ital.
Minatta, M. J. 1950. ''Mosca de las frutas", Ceratitis capitata
(Wiedemann) su biologia y control. IDIA; Inform. de Invest. |
Agr. 3(33/34):32-33.
Mitjans Escala, J. 1952. Experiencias en la lucha contra la
"Ceratitis capitata’’ mosca de la fruta, en Begas (III zone
agricola). Cam. Ofic. Sind. Agr. de Barcelona Bul. 7:139-140.
Nasser, A. A. 1954. Notes on Some insect pests in Lebanon. FAO
Plant Protect. Bul. 2(9):138-139.
New South Wales Department of Agriculture. Entomological Branch.
1954. Fruit flies. New South Wales Dept. Agr. Insect Pest
Leaflet 1l. 8 pp.
Poisson, R. and Barbotin, F. 1950. La mouche des fruits:
Ceratitis capitata Wied dans l'Ouest de la France. Feuille
destNallem Gnas ma Gi Soe wr
Puebla, A. De La. 1950. Las frutas citricas y sus males. I-II.
Rev. Ganad L0\C5) s265C6))-34e
Quere, L. 1950. La mouche des fruits (Ceratitis capitata) .
Vaucluse Agr. 6(115):1. II. - Lutte contre la mouche des
TELS G(CILIL/)) Sal.
- 772 -
Riveros, J. E. 1950. ObsServaciones sobre la mosea de la fruta.
La Chacra 21(241) :36-37.
Rivnai, I. 1954. Measures for the control of the fruit fly.
Hassadeh 35:99-101. In He.
Rivnay, E. 1950. The Mediterranean fruit fly in Israel. Bul. Ent.
Res. 41(2):321-341.
Rivnay, E. 1954. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
Wied. Studies on its toxicants, mass migration and control in
Israel. Israel Agr. Res. Sta. Ktavim 4(4):3-38.
Rivnay, J. and Safran, B. 1955. War on fruit-fly in peaches in the
Negev - successes and failures. Hassadeh 35(8) :627-628. In
He.
Ruiz Castro, M. 1951. Ampelophages deS racines et des souches de
vigne, etudies dans le vignoble espagnol. Off. Internatl. du
Vin. Bul. 24(244) :67-79.
Ryan, F. E. 1950. Trials with new insecticides in fruit fly
control. West. Austral. Dept: Agr, J: Ser. 2,°27(2) :226-
2350)
Sacantanis, M. K. 1952. Etudes et obServations sur les substances
attractives pour Ceratitis capitata. L'Acad. d'Agr. de France
Compe. Rend. 38C5b3s=55.
Sala, R. 1953. La lucha contra la mosca de la fruta. Cult. Mod.
36105) : 178-179.
Seara, C. 1950. Fruit flies. How to control them. Rev. Agron.
14(157/159) :54-55 (Porto Alegre). In Por.
Smith, H. S. 1950. Organization and objectives of the fruit fly
work in Hawaii. Calif. Citrog. 35(3):99, 128-129.
Steiner, L. F. 1952. Fruit fly control in Hawaii with poison-bait
sprays containing protein hydrolysates. J. Econ. Ent. 45(5):
838-843.
Steiner, L. F. 1954. Fruit fly control with poisSoned-bait sprays
in Hawaii. U.S. Agr. Res. Serv. ARS-33-3. 4 pp.
Tirelli, M. 1951. New method for the control of the cherry fly
(Rhagoletis cerasi L.) and the fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata
Wied immhiv. Sbatosanit. 205) 39. In’ Itad:
Turica, A. 1953. Ciclo biologico de Ceratitis capitata Wied. en
el Delta del Parana. Argentina Dir. Gen. de Invest. Agr.
IDIA 63:1-3.
Valent, A. 1951. Un fleau des vergers la mouche Mediterraneenne
des fruits. Bul. des Engrais 330:71-73.
Varela, A. 1952. La mosca oriental de la fruta es un problema
internacional. Fitofilo 6(6):5-10.
= U3 =
Vergani, A. R, 19502) Ceratitis capitata (Wied), “mosea del
Mediterraneo." IDIA; Inform. de Invest. Agr. 3(33/34):33-34.
Vieira, R. 1952. Packing of fruit as preventive in the control of
‘iruat flys Erutas da Madeirasl2G)) -26=2174" tnseore
Zocchi, R. 1954. Controi of Ceratitis capitata Wied. and
Anthonomus pomorum L. Florence Sta. di Ent. Agr. Nota Prat.
25, la jp, “im uta.
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U.S. Dept. Agr.
Prepared by Pest Survey and Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
Technical Support Staff 22 (46-48) :769-774, 1972)
-- 774 -
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782
POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
OFFICIAL BUSINESS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 AGRICULTURE
AGR 101
037 90001
LISMIA122 34 .
AN INSTITUTION LIBR
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WASHINGTON DC
VOL.22 Nos. 49-52 December I972
CLEFT |
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@ 47 Enc.
Cooperative
EConomic
Insect Report
Issued by
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
WS SPEFPAREMENT ‘OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
PLANT PROTECTION AND QUARANTINE PROGRAMS
PEST SURVEY AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT STAFF
The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State,
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural
workers. In releasing this material the Service serves as
a Clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac-
curacy of the material.
All reports and inquiries pertaining to this release,
including the mailing list, should be sent to:
CEIR
Pest Survey and Technical Support Staff
Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Federal Center Building
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782
Volume 22 December 29, 1972 Numbers 49-52
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
HIGHLIGHTS
Current Conditions
SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM caused economic damage to 50,000 acres of
peanuts in northeast North Carolina. (p. 778).
A GEOMETRID MOTH damaged holly for first time in Maryland. (p. 779).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak still widespread in several Southern
States. (p. 779).
WALK INGSTICK caused widespread defoliation of hardwoods on Ozark
and Ouachita National Forests in Arkansas. Gao ‘78O) .
Prediction
CHINCH BUG not expected to be problem in Illinois during 1973.
Gomi 1S)).
Detection
New State records include an APHID in Missouri (p. 779), an
ENCYRTID WASP in Arizona (p. 781), a LIPARID MOTH in Arizona
(p. 779), a MYMYRID WASP and a PpTEROMALID WASP in Indiana (p. 781),
a REDUVIID in Oklahoma (p. 781).
For new county and island records see page 782.
Special Reports
A Method of Determining the Relative Importance of Economically
Important Insects. (pp. 785-787).
Estimated Losses and Production Costs Attributed to Insects and
Related Arthropods - 1971. (pp. 788-805).
Reports in this issue are for weeks ending December 1 through
December 22 unless otherwise indicated.
= 7D. =
CONTENTS
Special Insects of Regional Significance................... ecelenit@ ‘
Insects Affecting
Geren, Sergei, Siorsekeeryne. 6 00 (CineuIS eon dooodgandossss wea Or
SMBVIUIL Cees ss oe osaoaadéons fT FSmald Frudcesis suds fe, eke Ge mae
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland. .777 Ornamentals...... «oe sige 2 eee
Forage Legumes............ -778 Forest and Shade Trees.....779
POBVOWNES 5 ob odd Como bop oo f.8 | Man and: Anamaillis eee
General Vegetables........ .778 Households and Structures..781
Stored Products. 224 seo
Beneficial Insects....... eRe eal a teyegaes| sterols slay oi aijaisol 6 ar,6) eh leleiquctielte ROME = eM eEIUReDLE
Federal and State Plant Protection Programs....... siete: (0) co penta rah ge
Dette @twWon ws Sela sles see cere n ie ean na men HE. So oo oo Oe
Hawardkiy Munsee (Rep Or bie oie. ciel oie nsretscs rst: Licey enisiisiercleetne dh aice: ear ioe uel EOS
COATSCIICMS Sues oo eS Hod 6 Beals a tsrete aisles Ae fel avelig (anoyewemstrenene nee a (ap oso eee -- 184
A Method of Determining the Relative Importance of Economica Lily
impor tami nse cus rrsiseicien-aeiol B fenaciatierelratioteueitelteute 4. oc suey erteponts poet hoo
Estimated Losses and Ppodte ton Costs Attributed to Insects
BuiaGl iysvilevinec! Maeinareoynoclsy = IO~lesgoacddoododoaodc Maori oo co Jie:
Weather" of) the Week. <2 nice 5 «a ee nee ar re rE en} G5 Gon BO
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE'S 30-DAY OUTLOOK
MID-DECEMBER 1972 to MID-JANUARY 1973
The National Weather Service's 30-day outlook for mid-December
to mid-January is for temperatures to average above seasonal
normals over the western three quarters of the Nation except for
near normal in the upper Mississippi Valley, the upper Great Lakes,
and the central and southern Intermountain Region. Near normal
temperatures are indicated for the eastern quarter of the Country
except for below normal in New England. Precipitation is expected
to exceed normal in New England, the Pacific Northwest, and
northern portions of the northern Plains. Subnormal totals are
indicated for the Far Southwest and also from the central Plains
eastward through the middle Mississippi Valley to the Ohio Valley.
Elsewhere near normal precipitation is in prospect.
Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume
and Outlook" published twice a month by the National Weather
Service. You can subscribe through the Superintendent of Documents,
Washington, D.C. 20250. Price $5.00 a year. |
- 776 -
SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - ARIZONA - No buildup seen in 6
barley fields on west side of Salt River Valley, Maricopa County,
week ending December 1. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Ranged
5-10 per linear foot in wheat fields in Clovis, Curry County,
and Portales, Roosevelt County, week ending December 8. (Mathews).
TEXAS - Survey of small grain in 10 Panhandle counties week
ending November 24 showed infestations in 8 counties. Heaviest
population, 100 per row foot of wheat, in Hale County. (Daniels).
OKLAHOMA - Very light, averaged 1 per 10 linear feet, in wheat
checked in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - VIRGINIA - Adult taken November
28 at light in Independent City of Virginia Beach. (Allen).
CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Diatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO -
Fields checked around Roswell, Chaves County, ranged 10-100
percent of stalks infested week ending December 8. Infested 10
percent of stalks in cornfields near Hobbs and Lovington, Lea
County. (Mathews).
CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - ILLINOIS - Soil samples collected
in 3 counties during November yielded the following average counts
of D. virgifera (western corn rootworm) and D. longicornis
(northern corn rootworm) eggs per pint of soil: Henderson 32;
Woodford 36; Warren 43. From 89 to 96 percent of the eggs were
Peetonsncornis. Clil. Ins. Rpt.)..
SMALL GRAINS
ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum avenae) - ARKANSAS - Light
(10-15 per row foot) in drilled wheat in northwest area and 5-10
per row foot in Washington County week ending December 1. (Boyer).
APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - KANSAS - Light to
moderate infestations found in western area wheat in surveys made
during week ending December 1. Highest counts per drill row foot
found in Lane (trace to 200) and Decatur (20-100) Counties. (Bell).
LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - ALABAMA - Some
stands of small grain fields in Geneva County damaged by developing
larvae week ending December 1. (Reynolds).
TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND
CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - ILLINOIS - Over-
wintering populations in native roadside grasses very light this
year as in past several years. Of 14 counties surveyed, 8 produced
no chinch bugs at all and only 3 had noticeable populations;
Iroquois, 10.1 bugs per square foot of hibernating material,
= FUT =
Champaign, 15.1 per square foot, and Marion, 21.7 per square foot.
Minimum population for potential economic damage is considered
250 bugs per square foot. No problem for 1973 expected. (Ill.
IAS, IROw, )) -
FORAGE LEGUMES
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OKLAHOMA - Egg counts continued
to average 106 and 100 per square foot in Stephens County alfalfa
December 8 and December 16. Averaged 1 per square foot in Grady
County December 16 and 7 per square foot in Payne County December
6 and December 19. Adults ranged 81-97 per 30 sweeps in alfalfa
in Stephens County on December 1. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS -
Adult activity decreased during week ending December 15 in central
areas. Counts in Brazos and Burleson Counties were very low but up
to 20 eggs per square foot were still present. (Latham).
EGYPTIAN ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera brunneipennis) -— ARIZONA - Adults
per 100 sweeps in alfalfa: Yuma Valley 10; Gila Valley zero;
Yuma Mesa 140. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - NEW MEXICO - Ranged 8-12 per
square foot in alfalfa at Roswell and Dexter, Chaves County,
during week ending November 24 and O-2 per square foot at Roswell
week ending December 15. (Mathews).
TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate in
alfalfa in Washita, Beckham, and Custer Counties week ending
December U- (Okla. Coop. Suh).
PEANUTS
SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) -
NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae caused economic damage on 50,000 acres
in Northampton, Halifax, Edgecombe, Martin, Bertie, and Hertford
Counties. Losses 3-5 times more severe than 1971. About 25,000
acres treated in Edgecombe, Northampton, Martin, and Hertford
Counties. (Hunt).
GENERAL VEGETABLES
BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaging
Swiss chard plantings in Fremont, Alameda County, and artichokes
in Castrobille, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Sur.).
CITRUS
PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) - FLORIDA - Taken on grapefruit
November 16 at Immokalee, Collier County by W.E. Wynn and H.L.
Gillis. “This is “a new county cecord. (Ela. Coopmssuger
GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) - FLORIDA - Taken on grape-
fruit at Immokalee, Collier County, November 16 by W.E. Wynn and
Bijlb, GaiUkiSs Ginsis sik ineyy Coumnmy rweweorcl, CMa. Cooos Suse.) .
A DIASPIDID SCALE (Howardia biclavis) - FLORIDA - Adults taken on
lemon on motel property at Naples, Collier County, November 15 by
V.G. Brown. This is a new host and county record. (Fla. Coop.
Suncep ie
= US) =
a
SMALL FRUITS
GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera vitifoliae) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and
adults collected August 14, on wild grape, Vitis sp., along U.S.
441 in Palm Beach County, one mile north of Broward County line.
Determined by G.W. Dekle. Confirmed by L. Russell. This is a new
County record. (Fila. Coop. Sur.) .
ORNAMENTALS
A GEOMETRID MOTH (Thysanopyga intractata) - MARYLAND —- Larvae
caused moderate to heavy defoliation to holly for first time in
State. Collected in Calvert County by W. Gaiser and St. Marys
County by E. Swecker October 9; Ann Arundel County by O. Broome
and Worcester County by J.L. Hellman October 10; Montgomery County
by K. Anderson and R. Biggs and Charles County by J.L. Hellman
October 27; Talbot County by R. Rouse December 21. All determined
by J.L. Hellman. These are new county records. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.).
FERN SCALE (Pinnaspis aspidistrae) -—- FLORIDA - Collected on
Citrus sinensis at Ft. Drum, Okeechobee County, November 21, 1972,
by H.C. Levan. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
AN APHID (Sanbornia juniperi) - MISSOURI - Collected from juniper
August 3, 1972, at Carthage, Jasper County, by Joseph E. Francka.
Determined by L.M. Russell. This is a new State record. (Munson).
FOREST AND SHADE TREES
NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - NORTH CAROLINA -
Late season increase in population observed on Beech Creek Seed
Orchard in Cherokee County. Infestations reached 88 percent on
portion of one shortleaf pine geographic source not sprayed;
infestation reached 40 percent on treated portion. (USFS).
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - Outbreaks continued
in November with widespread timber losses and heavy beetle popula-—
tions occurring in ALABAMA, GEORGIA, LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI,
NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, TEXAS, TENNESSEE , and VIRGINIA.
(So. For. Pest inote Vo
BARK BEETLES (Ips spp.) - FLORIDA - Results of a 1972 statewide
survey indicated 38 percent increase in insect-caused tree
mortality, primarily by this species. An estimated two million
trees representing 250,000 cords killed during 1972. (So. For.
Pesta Rp bic. )>.
A SCOLYTID BEETLE (Coccotrypes dactyliperda) - CALIFORNIA - Adults
heavy on fruit of Phoenix canariensis (an ornamental date palm)
on Fort MacArthur grounds in San Pedro, Los Angeles County.
Infestation reported generally heavy by C.L. Smola. (Cal. Coop.
/Rpt.). This scolytid has been present in State for several years.
(PP).
A LIPARID MOTH (Orgyia rindgei) - ARIZONA - Pupal cases and
Ovipositing females taken at Oak Creek Canyon, Coconino County,
September 7, 1972, by D. Carver and J. May. Determined by D.C.
Ferguson. Egg masses collected from ash, sycamore, willow, choke
cherry, California buckthorne, beech, walnut, box elder, poison
ivy, and under boulders and wood litter during delimiting survey
Oetober 12. Lhis) is a new State record. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
- 779 -
WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - ARKANSAS - Widespread *
defoliation over 16,000 acres was reported on the Ozark National
Forest during November. An estimated 25,000 acres of upland hard-
wood were defoliated in the Ouachita National Forest. Defoliation
was light compared with the last 3 years. (So. For. Pest Rptr.).
AN ARMORED SCALE (Protodiaspis didymus) - ARIZONA - Collected in
Coconino County October 12, 1972, at Oak Creek and at Cherry,
Yavapai County, October 21, 1972, on Quercus gambelli (Gambel oak)
by T. Halstead. Determined by D.R. Miller. These are new county
records. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.).
AN ARMORED SCALE (Phenacaspis heterophyllae) - FLORIDA - Adults
taken on slash pines at Windermere, Orange County, December 4,
1972, by F.L. Ware. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
AN ARMORED SCALE (Quadraspidiotus taxodii) - FLORIDA - Taken .on
bald cypress at Daytona Beach, Volusia County, June 3 by H.N. Pott
and west of Lake Worth, Palm Beach County, by W.H. Pierce. Both
determined by S. Nakahara. These are new county records. (Fla.
Coop wou E
A DIASPIDID SCALE (Comstockiella sabalis) - FLORIDA - Nymphs and
adults taken on palmetto, Serenoa repens, few miles south of
Lake Placid, Highlands County, October 16 by W.H. Pierce. Determined
by G.W. Dekle. This is a new county record. (Fla. Coop. Sur.).
MAN AND ANIMALS
SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Total of 976 confirmed cases
reported in continental U.S. during period November 19 to December
16 as follows: Texas 951; Arizona 17; California 8. New Mexico
was free of screwworms for the first time in more than 6 months.
Number of sterile flies released in U.S. this period totaled
444,702,000 as follows: Texas 416,748,600; Arizona 17,520,000;
Florida 8,352,000; California 1,815,000; Louisiana 266,400. Total
of 1,537 cases reported in Mexico this period. Total of 357,232,100
sterile flies released in Mexico. (Anim. Health).
COMMON CATTLE GRUB (Hypoderma lineatum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on
cattle in Comanche County and light in Pawnee County week ending
December 1. Unusually heavy in some cattle at packing houses.
Ranged 20-30 per head in Major County cattle herd. Heavy in cattle
in Pawnee County, moderate in Comanche and Hughes Counties.
Averaged 3 per head on cattle in Payne County week ending December
8. Moderate to heavy on cattle in Okfuskee County and moderate in
Comanche County week ending December 15. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) —- OKLAHOMA - Continued heavy in ears of
cattle checked in Comanche County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
CATTLE LICE - OKLAHOMA - Lice, mainly Haematopinus eurysternus
(shortnosed cattle louse), moderate on cattle in Garfield,
Okfuskee, Comanche, Oklahoma, Pawnee, and Hughes Counties. Light
in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER (Loxosceles reclusa) - ALABAMA - Specimen
taken from home in Franklin County week ending November 1.
(McQueen).
- 780 -
{
;
2
7
:
HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES
A POWDERPOST BEETLE (Lyctus brunneus) - ALABAMA - Larvae and
adults severely damaged wood paneling of cottage in Gulf State
Park in southern Baldwin County. Collected November 15, 1972, by
G.M. McLeod. Determined by J.T. Spilman. (McQueen). Previously
reported as moderate in subflooring in house November 17, 1933,
by J.M. Robinson. No Specific location in State given. (PP).
STORED PRODUCTS
LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) - OREGON - Heavily
infesting chicken litter in poultry house in Canby area, Clackamas
County. This is a new county record. (Westcott).
BENEFICIAL INSECTS
A REDUVIID (Empicoris orthoneuron) - OKLAHOMA - One specimen of
this predator taken on corn near Hough, Texas County, July 25,
1972, by D.C. Arnold. Determined by J.L. Herring. This is a new
State record. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
A LADY BEETLE (Coleomegilla maculata) - MISSISSIPPI - Clusters of
200-300 overwintering adults found in trash around Oktibbeha County
alfalfa fields week ending December 1. (Nichols).
A PTEROMALID WASP (Sceptrothelys grandiclava) - INDIANA — Adults
of this hyperparasite emerged from a cocoon of Bathyplectes
ecurculionis taken March 14 by M.C. Wilson from an alfalfa field in
Knox County. Determined by B.D. Burks. This is a new State record.
(Wilson).
A MYMARID WASP (Patasson luna) - INDIANA - Adults emerged from
Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) eggs collected by M.C. Wilson
April 5 in Harrison County. Determined by B.D. Burks. This is a
new State record. (Wilson).
AN ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus fumipennis) - ARIZONA - Collected
October 10, 1972, by T. Halstead on oak infested with Eriococcus
euphorbiae in Yavapai County. Determined by D.R. Miller. This is
a new State record. This rare parasite of mealybugs reported only
twice since described in 1918, both from California. (Ariz. Coop.
Site ae) me
A CHALCIDID WASP (Hockeria unipunctatipennis) - OKLAHOMA - Single
specimen reared from 30 cocoons of Neodiprion excitans (a conifer
-sawfly) collected in Haskell County March 7, 1972. H. unipunctati-
ee
.. determined by B.D. Burks. (Okla. Coop. Sur.).
PARASITIC WASPS - KANSAS - Following species reared from Contarinia
'sorghicola (sorghum midge) collected from infested sorghum heads
October 17, 1972, in Woodson County by K.O. Bell: Eupelmus popa
'(a eupelmid wasp), Aprostocetus diplosidis (a eulopid wasp), and
Tetrastichus sp. (a eulophid wasp, possibly more than one species).
Determined by B.D. Burks. Also laboratory reared from heads of
‘milk-stage sorghum collected October 17 and 18 in following
‘counties: Crawford, 4 Tetrastichus sp., ll E. popa; Montgomery,
MO Tetrastichus sp.; Labatte,; slyletrastichusysp., 2 Ex. popa; Linn,
23 Tetrastichus sp., 12 E. popa. (Bell). ar
- 781 -
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS
GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Various species averaged 8 or more
per square yard on rangeland in northwest Chaves County. (N.M.
COC. BIOs })c
GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MICHIGAN - Large infestation
involving about 50 acres located in Fremont Township in Isabella
County. Large number of egg masses in area. Determined by
R. Moore and M. Hanna. Confirmed by D.M. Weisman. (Sauer, Nov. 17).
RED IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) - FLORIDA - Taken at
Palmdale and another site in Glades County November 22, 1972.
Determined by D.R. Smith. This is a new county record. (Fla.
COOD., SWae,)).
RANGE CATERPILLAR (Hemileuca oliviae) - NEW MEXICO - Adults heavy
and depositing eggs on rangeland in northwest Chaves County.
GY Ii, Cooms Wows).
DETECTION
New State Records - MADEIRA COCKROACH (Leucophaea maderae) -
CALIFORNIA — Nymphs inhabiting residence in Cheli Air Force Base,
Maywood, Los Angeles County, week ending November 17. Considered
serious pest of homes and warehouses. Collected by C. Olson,
November 9. Determined by A. Hardy. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.).
AN APHID (Sanbornia juniperi) - MISSOURI - Jasper County. (p. 779).
(p. 779). AN ENCYRTID WASP (Aphycus fumipennis) - ARIZONA -
Yavapai County. (p. 781). A LIPARID MOTH (Orgyia rindgei) -
ARIZONA - Coconino County. (p. 779). A MYMARID WASP (Patasson
luna) - INDIANA - Harrison County. (p. 781). A PTEROMALID
HYPERPARASITE (Sceptrothelys grandiclava) - INDIANA - Knox County.
(p. 781). A REDUVIID (Empicoris orthoneuron) - OKLAHOMA - Texas
Coumityen Corn ols) r
New County and Island Records — EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula
auricularia) - MICHIGAN - Several specimens taken at Newberry,
Luce County, residence week ending December 8. Infestation moder-
ate. First record from Upper Peninsula. Collected by Mrs. F.
Nomand, (Sauer).
AN APHID (Lachnus salignus) -— HAWAII - Oahu (p. 784). ARMORED
SCALES - Phenacaspis heterophyllae - FLORIDA - Orange (p. 780).
Protodiaspis didymus - ARIZONA - Coconino, Yavapai (p. 780).
AN ARMORED SCALE (Quadraspidiotus taxodii) FLORIDA - Volusia, Palm
Beach (p. 780). DIASPIDID SCALES - Comstockiella sabalis -
FLORIDA - Highlands (p. 780). Howardia biclavis - FLORIDA - Collier
(p. 778). FERN SCALE (Pinnaspis aspidistrae) FLORIDA -— Okeechobee
(p. 779). A GEOMETRID MOTH (Thysanopyga intractata) MARYLAND -
Calvert, St. Marys, Ann Arundel, Worcester, Montgomery, Charles,
Talbot (p. 779). GLOVER SCALE (Lepidosaphes gloverii) FLORIDA -
Collier (p. 778). GRAPE PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera vitifoliae)
FLORIDA - Broward (p. 779). LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius
diaperinus) OREGON - Clackamas (p. 781). A MEMBRACID TREEHOPPER
(Antianthe expansa) HAWAII - Hawaii Island (p. 783). PURPLE SCALE
(Lepidosaphes beckii) FLORIDA - Collier (p. 778). RED IMPORTED
FIRE ANT (Solenopsis invicta) FLORIDA - Glades (p. 782).
—- 782 - .@) (>) Fa
rere
HAWAII INSECT REPORT
Corn - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) and CORN PLANTHOPPER
(Peregrinus maidis) severe in 3 acres of field corn at Kaaawa,
Oahu; nearly 100 percent of mature ears with various instar larvae.
(Kawamura). Earworm larvae heavy in 3 acres of sweet corn at
Waimanalo, Oahu; about 80 percent of ears infested. (Otsuka, et.
al.)
General Vegetables - CHINESE ROSE BEETLE (Adoretus sinicus) caused
heavy foliar damage in small planting of eggplant at Kahaluu,
Oahu. Light damage in 0.2 acre of ginger at Waimanalo; 50 percent
of leaves lightly affected. Light infestation by PEPPER WEEVIL
(Anthonomus eugenii) in 0.1 acre of sweet peppers at Waimanalo,
Oahu; about 10-15 percent of fruits infested with larvae and/or
adults. All stages of GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes
vaporariorum) moderate on younger leaves in 0.2 acre of snap beans
at Waimanalo, Oahu, and heavy in 2 small plantings of eggplant at
Waianae and Waimanalo, Oahu. LEAFMINER FLIES (Liriomyza spp.)
heavy in small plantings of cucumber at Waianae and Waimanalo;
also heavy in small plantings of okra and club gourd at Waimanalo.
Moderate to heavy in small plantings of tomato, snap beans, and
soybeans at Kahaluu. (Kumashiro, Wong, Otsuka).
Fruits and Nuts - Colonies of FLORIDA RED SCALE (Chrysomphalus
aonidum) light on coconut trees at Lahaina (50 trees) and Kihei
(180 trees), Maui. (Ah Sam, Miyahira). Heavy larval infestations
of MANGO SHOOT CATERPILLAR (Bombotelia jocosatrix) noted on leaves
of mango tree at Waihee, Maui; 75 percent of young leaves affected.
Treatments applied. On Hawaii, Polistes spp. (vespid wasps)
observed preying on larvae of B. jocosatrix and contributed to
effective control of this pest. (Miyahira). Moderate adult
infestation of a MEMBRACID TREEHOPPER (Antianthe expansa) noted in
small yard plantings of poha (Physalis peruviana) at Keeau, Hawaii.
A. expansa first reported on Oahu in June 1971; this is first
report of spread to neighbor island. (Matayoshi). Eggs, larvae,
and pupae of CITRUS SWALLOWTAIL (Papilio xuthus) light on lemon
tree at Nuuanu, Oahu. Unusual for this time of year. On Kauai,
adult sightings past few weeks negative. P. xuthus apparently
enters period of diapause during this period. (Sugawa, Kawamura).
Turf and Pastures - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
light (3+ larvae per square foot) in Kikuyu grass at Haiku, Maui.
Heavy, spotty damage noted at Kaupakulua, with as many as 10
larvae per square foot. (Haw. Ins. Rpt.). Average of 14 larvae
per square foot in 5 acres of pasture at Pahoa, Hawaii, during
September. Parasitism by larval parasites Eucelatoria armigera
(a tachina fly), Meteorus laphygma (a braconid wasp), and
Trathala flavo-orbitalis (an ichneumon wasp), heavy. (Yoshioka).
pen and Animals - Mosquito collections from 58 light traps on
Oahu during November as follows: Aedes vexans nocturnus ranged
0-378 with total of 866; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus ranged
HO—710 with total of 1,815. (Mosq. Control Br.,State Dept. of
Health).
‘Miscellaneous Pests - At Poipu, Kauai, following substantial rains
and heavy hand baiting during November, about 800 GIANT AFRICAN
SNAIL (Achatina fulica) specimens observed dead or dying. No
snails observed at Wahiawa during same period; baiting continues,
= 73s. =
(Sugawa). Nymphs and adults of an APHID (Lachnus salignus) heavy
on 2 weeping willow trees (Salix babylonica) at Pauoa, Oahu. This
is a new island record. L. salignus was first reported on the
island of Hawaii in 1911, and on the island of Maui in 1965.
(Otsuka).
Beneficial Insects - During November, Melanagromyza phaseoli
(bean fly) infesting cowpea and ‘snap bean petioles on Kauai 98
percent parasitized by BRACONID WASPS (Opius phaseoli and
O. importatus). At Waikapu and Lahaina parasitism by O. importatus
was 86 and 100 percent. (Sugawa, Miyahira). During week ending
December 8, an average of 29 percent of adult stink bugs observed
throughout Oahu parasitized by a TACHINA FLY (Trichopoda pennipes
pilipes). Similar samplings on Maui revealed 84 percent parasitism
by Trichopoda spp. (Kumashiro, Wong, Otsuka, Miyahira). LANTANA
DEFOLIATOR CATERPILLAR (Hypena strigata) caused moderate damage
to foliage at Hookena, Kona, Hawaii. Larvae of LANTANA LEAF
BEETLE (Octotoma scaloripennis) heavy on some leaves, adults
generally light. On Kauai, field examinations of Melastoma
malabathricum fruits revealed 64 and 11 percent infestations of a
ARCTIID MOTH (Selca brunella) at Hanahanapuni and Knudsen Gap,
respectively. Similar examination at Hilo, Hawaii, averaged 46
and 29 percent infestation of fruits and terminals, respectively.
(Sugawa, Matayoshi).
CORRECTIONS
CEIR 22(44):739 - A CERAMBYCID BEETLE (Leiopus variegatus) should
read Astyleiopus variegatus. This is not a new record for
New Jersey. There is a specimen in the University of Minnesota
labeled "New Jersey" with no further data. See Dillon, L.S. 1956.
The nearctic components of the tribe Acanthocinini (Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae) Part 1. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 49(2):134-167. (PP).
CEIR 22(46-48):764 — MAN AND ANIMALS - SCREWWORM - "'... Special
surveillance operations around Dermopolis, ..." should read
Wee eCMoOp Olkil Samm ehe
- 784 -
A Method of Determining the Relative Importance of
Economically Important Insects
W. A. Allen
In many States, it is the responsibility of the Survey Entomologist
to determine the relative importance of insects in that State. To
accomplish this he must use accurate survey techniques coupled
with available research and statistical data. In Virginia, pre-
liminary slection and ranking of 10 currently important insects
was begun by using quantitative measurements. The relative
importance of insects can be measured on at least three scales:
1) management costs (i.e. the costs to control insects); 2)
changes in the value of goods or property due to the presence
or activity of insects (i.e. crop losses); and 3) the impact that
insects have upon man and his environment. The summation of these
three values, if accurately obtained, reflect the net economic
evaluation of a particular species. Net evaluation is mentioned
because it must be recognized that even destructive insects may
also be, in part, beneficial (e.g. mosquito larvae provide food
for small fish). For many crops, we are able to measure the cost
of controlling crop pests and the losses they cause with current
methodology. The technology to measure environmental impact of a
crop pest remains, in large part, to be developed.
The accompanying table shows the estimated crop losses and control
costs for 10 of the more important crop pests in Virginia. The
PeStedees not acelude all of (the amportant pests in jthe State. 11
is merely a best estimate based upon available data. This method
of presenting information may prove valuable to survey entomolo-
gists as a guideline for ranking economically important pests by
itemizing crop loss and control costs. In subsequent listings of
important crop pests in Virginia, additional species may be added
and attempts will be made to supply missing information.
Consequently, net evaluation estimates will be changed as new
information becomes available. The total environmental impact was
not included because of the scarcity of information in this area.
Sources of Information
Mosquitoes - R.E. Dorer.
Spider Mites - Peaches, M.L. Bobb; apples, C.H. Hill; soybeans,
R.N. Hofmaster; ornamentals, J.A. Weidhaas.
Corn Earworm - Tomatoes, snap beans, sweet corn, R.N. Hofmaster;
soybeans, field corn, W.A. Allen.
Armyworm - W.A. Allen.
Southern Corn Rootworm - J.C. Smith and A.H. Allison.
Alfalfa Weevil - W.A. Allen.
Mexican Bean Beetle - W.A. Allen.
Japanese Beetle - Apples, C.H. Hill; peaches, W.L. Bobb;
ornamentals, J.A. Weidhaas; turf, W.H. Robinson.
Cabbage Looper - R.N. Hofmaster.
Termites - W.H. Robinson.
- 785 -
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737
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT
ESTIMATED LOSSES AND PRODUCTION COST ATTRIBUTED TO
INSECTS AND RELATED ARTHROPODS - 1971
Introduction
Prior to 1966, insect loss estimates were published in the Cooperative Economic
Insect Report as individual reports. An attempt has been made for the seventh
year to condense loss estimates from various States into a single report. This
gives a more meaningful and better overall picture of the crop losses. The data
have been compiled from the crop loss estimates submitted from 13 States. The
entomologists submitting the 1971 estimates are listed below.
H.F. McQueen Alabama
J.E. May Arizona
W.P. Boyer Arkansas
K.F. Kawamura Hawaii
KoOo ISL, dies Kansas
D.E. Barnett Kentucky
J.L. Hellman Maryland
R.G. Flaskerd Minnesota
W.J. Brandvik North Dakota
D.C. Arnold Oklahoma
C.D. Gordon Tennessee
L.R. Green Texas
W.A. Allen Virginia
Legend for pest abbreviations appears at end of loss tables.
Separates of this report are available from the Economic Insect Survey and
Detection Staff.
U.S. Depts Agi:
Coop. Econ. Ins. Rpt.
22 (49-52) :788-865, 1972
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WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 25
Reprinted from weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin Sie ee by the
environmental Data Service, NOAA.
PRECIPITATION: A storm centered off the coast of British Columbialll
early in week moved southwaru to the Washington coast by midweek —
and intensified. It caused rain along the coast with snow in
nearby hills and mountains. By midweek, heavy rain in the Pacific
Northwest was accompanied by strong winds. Light snow fell over
the Northern Great Plains to the Great Lakes. Treacherous mixtures
of snow, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, and fog hampered travel
by automobile from the northern and central Great Plains to the
Mississippi River Valley and the Great Lakes. Snow accumulated a
foot or more in spots of interior New England. Thunderstorms,
accompanied by heavy rain, occurred in the Deep South. Up to 9
inches or more fell early Thursday. As the weekend approached,
more severe thunderstorms threatened the Deep South and the Pacific
storm became more intense. The weekend brought rain to the Pacific
Northwest with snow in the western mountains, treacherous mixtures
of snow with freezing rain, or freezing drizzle accompanied by
strong winds from the central Great Plains to the Greak Lakes and
combinations of drizzle and fog from the southern Great Plains to
the middle Atlantic Coast. Rain, snow, clouds or fog covered much
of the area from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean. In
general, snow fell in northern portions, freezing precipitation
glazed the area south of the snow belt, and rain, drizzle, and
fog occurred farther south. The weekly rainfall totals ranged
from heavy up to more than 8 inches along the Washington Coast
to light sprinkles or snow flurries over the northern Great Plains.
The far southwest received no rain and only light amounts fell in
the Great Plains. More generous precipitation occurred over the
Appalachians, the Atlantic Coastal Plains and the Deep South.
i
TEMPERATURE: Bitter cold continued over much of the Nation early
in the week. Subfreezing temperatures occurred over northern
Florida, 32 degrees in Jacksonville Monday morning. Moisant
Airport, New Orleans, Louisiana, registered 31 degrees Monday.
Subzero weather occurred in Northern Maine and the central
Rocky Mountains. Warmer weather returned to Florida Tuesday by
midweek, maximums reached the 60's and 70's generally with 84
degrees at Palm Beach Thursday. A warming trend over the western
Great Plains pushed the afternoon temperatures in the 40's and
50's. A warming trend continued through the rest of the week and
brought the average temperatures to above normal over almost the
entire Nation. Much of the country averaged 6 to 12 degrees or
more warmer than normal.
- 806 -
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20782 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
Or CICA SUaIene U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300
AGR 101
0004 SMINLISMI AL 29 34
SMITHSONT AN INSTITUT TON
ARIES SMITHSCNTAN INST
Wi ASHINGTON Oc 20560 |
COP Cera f-
COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC
Volume 22
INSECT REPORT
1972
SPECIAL REPORTS
Alfalfa leaf blotch-miner - Situation in
Eastern U.S. 132, taxonomy 134
Alfalfa weevil: Distribution map 113,
selected references 1970-1971 669,
1968-1969 755
Banks grass mite situation in U.S. - 1971
218
Beet leafhopper: Surveys in desert areas
of central Arizona, southeastern
California, southern Nevada, and southern
Utah and in Texas 267
Boll weevil: Hibernation survey, fall
1971 35, review of literature on the
pheromone of 200, survival surveys -
spring 1972 259, additional selected
references 1968-1969 366, 1970-1971 589
Cereal leaf beetle: Infestation of oats
in 1970 and 1971 371
Changes in scientific names 182
Conotelus mexicanus in California 728
Cooperative survey entomologists 72
European corn borer: Estimates of damage
to grain corn in U.S. in 1971 510,
status in 1971 50
Golden nematode - Spread since 1949 (map)
22h, in the U.S. 264
Grasshopper adult survey, fall 1971 8
Gypsy moth: Chronological spread from
1869 to 1971 (map) 181, quarantine maps
42, 752, selected references 1970-1971
688, additional selected references 1967-
1969 717
Hawaii insect report 7, 20, 33, 44, 61,
80, 111, 131, 149, 168, 216, 232, 2h6,
258, 273, 283, 310, 323, 363, 392, 414,
431, 445, 467, 487, 507, 531, 543, 567,
585, 603, 625, 644, 666, 686, 699, 714,
727, T54, 767, 783
Imported fire ant: Ecological range
based on plant hardiness (map) 48,
quarantine map 286, two species in U.S.
103
Insect detection in the United States -
1971 10
Insects not known to occur in U.S.: An
African honey bee 158, a bark beetle 234
Japanese beetle: Quarantine map 216,
selected references 1970-1971 395
Khapra beetle: Additional selected
references 1967-1969 628, selected refer-
ences 1947-1966 647, 1970 512
Larinus carlinae: A European weevil
collected in Maryland 418
Light trap collections 9, 21, 33, 111,
131, 186, 217, 233, 247, 263, 274, 284,
311, 324, 340, 364, 393, 416, 432, 446,
468, 488, 508, 532, 548, 568, 586, 608,
626, 645, 667, 687, 700, 715, 726, 742, 753
Losses: Estimated losses and production
costs attributed to insects and related
arthropods - 1971 788, report of the
committee on insect surveys and losses -
1972 101
Maps (distribution): Alfalfa weevil 103,
brown wheat mite 100, European red mite
151, Hessian fly 248, southern corn
rootworm 342, spotted alfalfa aphid 570
Maps (quarantines): European chafer 198,
gypsy moth 442, 752, imported fire ant
286, Japanese beetle 216, pink bollworm
712, whitefringed beetle 698, witchweed
740
Measuring insect infestations 314
Mediterranean fruit fly: Selected refer-
ences - 1950-1955 769, 1960-1966 729,
1967-1969 702, 1970-1971 743
Method of determining the relative impor-
tance of economically important insects
785
Periodical cicadas: Outlook for 1972 369
Pink bollworm: Collections of moths in a
light trap, 1953 to 1971 448, quarantine
map 712
Preparation of notes for Cooperative
Economic Insect Report 313
State survey coordinators 68
Summary of insect conditions in the U.S. -
1971. Bean and peas 140. Beneficial
insects 178-180. Citrus 154-155. Cole
crops 140. Contributors 198-199. Corn,
sorghum, sugarcane 89-96. Cotton 120-122.
Deciduous fruits and nuts 150-154.
Federal and State plant protection programs
63-67. Forage legumes 112-118. Forest
insect highlights 195-198. Forest and
shade trees 169-174. General vegetables
141. Hawaii 45-49. Households and
structures -178. Introduction 63. Man
and animals 174-178. Miscellaneous field
crops 124. Ornamentals 156-157. Peanuts
120. Potatoes, tomatoes, peppers 138-10.
Small fruit 155-156. Small grains 96-98.
Soybeans 118-120. Special insects of
regional significance 81-88. Sugar beets
123-124. Tobacco 122-123. Turf, pastures,
rangeland 98-99.
Survey methods: Selected references for
last half of 1970, part XXXV 285
Scientific names should be used to locate all page references, except for those insects or groups of
insects where scientific names were not reported.
In such instances, page references will be found
under common names. A combination of common and scientific names of an insect or pest may not appear
on the page referred, but one or the other will be present.
Underlined page numbers represent refer-
ences to "Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1971." Light trap collections for a
particular species are listed at the end of pagination for that species under this heading.
ie
They,
ie
Acalitus vaccinii (blueberry bud mite)
aime ( )
Acal; a vittata (striped cucumber beetle)
253, 320, 356
Achatina fulica (giant African snail)
7, 48, 61, 131, 246, 414, 487, 529, 567,
625, 686, 714, 767, 783
Acinia picturata (sourbush seed fly)
9
Acleris gloverana (western blackheaded
budworm) 195
Acleris minuta (a tortricid moth)
12
Acleris variana (eastern blackheaded
budworm) 170
Acrobasis caryae (pecan nut casebearer)
153, 255, 270, 357, 387, 408, 427, 441,
482, 621
Acrolepia assectella (leek moth)
33, 45, 532
Acronicta americana (American dagger moth)
05
Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug)
119, 577, 617, a 695
Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite
680
Aculus comatus (an eriophyid mite)
10, 150, 154, 4br
Acutaspis morrisonorum (a diaspidid scale)
763
Acyrthosiphon festucae (an aphid)
10
Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid)
19, 31, 59, 78, 88, 108, 117, 128, 145,
146, 164, 178, 190, 212, 229, 2h1, 253,
269, 279, 308, 319, 332, 353, 404, ho7,
yok, 439, 456, 477, 481, 499, 521, 5ho,
551, 576, 600, 606, 616, 623, 635, 659,
679, 710, 723, T49, 762, 778
Acyrthosiphon solani (foxglove aphid)
as
Adalia bipunctata (twospotted lady beetle)
178, 582
Adelges cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall aphid)
255, 307, 3 Paso
Adelges piceae (balsam woolly aphid)
197
Adelges tsugae (an adelgid)
109, 11, 129, 130
Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa plant bug)
750, 758
Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle)
8, 339, 445, 666, 699, 783
Aedes spp. (mosquitoes)
Tf, Wh, US, My, QMS, Bas, Bsil, SOs seis
337, 360, 363, 389, 411, 428-429, 463,
505, 543, 625, 683, 727
Aedes abserratus
12, 230, 256, 281
Aedes canadensis
215, 201
Aedes cantator (brow saltmarsh mosquito)
579, 582
Aedes cinereus
281, 582
Aedes diantaeus
2
Aedes dorsalis
337, 545, 579, 582, 641, 664, 683
Aedes excrucians
230, 256, 272, 281
Aedes fitchii
230, 256, 281
Aedes flavescens
281
Aedes nigromaculis
ihe, Shs
Aedes riparius
12 281
Aedes sollicitans (saltmarsh mosquito)
528, 579, 502
Aedes spencerii
256, 261
Aedes sticticus
261, 528
Aedes stimulans
230, 256, 272, 281, 528, 641, 643
Aedes triseriatus
177, 215, 163, 528
Aedes trivittatus
528, 697
Aedes vexans
17T, 281, 337, 360, 389, 411, 428-29,
Bos) 505, 528, 564, 582, 641, 663, 664,
3
Aedes vexans nocturnus
7, 4b, 48, 131, 216, 310, 363, 507, 543,
625, 727, 783
Ageneotettix deorum (a grasshopper)
65, 193, 273, 338, 460, 529, 546, 550,
685, 698, Th1
Agkistrocerus megerlei (a tabanid)
12
Agrilus anxius (bronze birch borer)
156, 321, 682, 685
Agromyza sp. (a leaf blotch-miner fly)
Ia
Agromyza frontella (alfalfa leaf blotch-
aitier) 1S2y 2, 30h, 319, 332, 383,
386, 405, 42h, 439, 456, 478, 499, 539,
557, 561, 576, 600, 616, 620, 659
Agromyza parvicornis (corn blotch
leafminer) 303, 351
Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm)
89, 92, 119, 123, 242, 318, 330, 351,
381, 403, Wy. Light traps: 9, 21, 33,
Wl, Wes 5 2/5, 2365 Gl O85 2rihy elk,
311, 312, 324, 340-341, 364-365, 393-394,
416-417, 432-433, 446-47, 468-469, 488-
489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569,
586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-646,
667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, Th2, 753
Agrotis orthogonia (pale western cutworm)
Biles sells Ac
Aleurocybotus occiduus (a whitefly)
138, Sh
Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly)
13, 19%, 392, GbL, 466, 507, 547, 584,
T41, 766
Alfalfa leaf blotch-miner
Agromyza frontella)
Alfalfa caterpillar
Colias eurytheme)
Alfalfa looper
Autographa californica)
Alfalfa plant bug
(Adelphocoris lineolatus)
Alfalfa seed chalcid
Bruchophagus roddi)
Alfalfa snout beetle
(Brachyrhinus ligustici)
Alfalfa webworm
(Loxostege commixtalis)
Alfalfa weevil
(Hypera postica)
Alkali bee
(Nomia melanderi)
Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm)
781, 782
Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm)
172, 336, 368, 464
Altica ignita (a flea beetle)
280
Amathes e-nigrum (spotted cutworm)
2h2, 253, 477, 557 (
Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick
305, Tak, GG2, 505, 528, 582
Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick)
280, 262
American black flour beetle
(Tribolium audax)
American dagger moth
(Acronicta americana)
American dog tick
(Dermacentor variabilis)
American grasshopper
(Schistocerca americana)
Amitus sp. (a platygasterid wasp)
~ Gh”
oe majalis (European chafer)
322,
63,
Amphitornus coloradus (a grasshopper)
6k, 330, 430, 546
Amphitornus coloradus ornatus
G grasshopper) 529
Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket)
» 231, 338, 391, 413, 506, 642, 665
ree todes fragilaria (koa haole “ieene))
8, 26, 75
a, 2
we falcifera (celery looper )
33
Ananca kanack (an oedemerid)
10,
Anaphes flavipes (a mymarid wasp)
63
Anaphothrips obscurus (grass thrips)
she
Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer)
253, 40
Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly)
153, 179, 193
Angoumois grain moth
(Sitotroga cerealella)
Anisota senatoria (oranges triped oakworm )
622, 663, 682, 696, 701, 763
Aewsigsee2. stigma (eerie caer)
712
Anomala oblivia (pine chafer)
1, 445
Anomis flava (hibiscus caterpillar)
363
Anopheles spp. (mosquitoes)
369, 505
Anopheles guadrimaculatus (common malaria
aeEauieo) 369
Anthonomus eugenii (pepper weevil)
U5, 191, 258, 333, 467, 644, 767, 783
Anthonomus grandis (boll eel)
31, 35, 120, 121, 164, 187, 200, 213,
242, 259, 279, 305, 320, 333, 354, 366-
368, 384, 405, 406, 425, 439-hu0O, 458, »
478-479, 500-501, 522, 541, 558-559,
577, 589, 601, 618, 637, 660, 680, 711,
150
Anthonomus signatus (strawberry weevil)
356 (
Anthophila pariana (apple-and-thorn
skeletonizer) 525
Anthrenus coloratus (a dermestid beetle)
(ets TA
Antienthe expansa (a membracid)
TRESS BORIS, BG, G85 (G25 (18s
ee aan Simae Le (velvetbean
caterpillar) 119, 600, 601, 613, 636,
657, 679, 710, re
Antonina 2 Rhodesgrass scale
_ Bs &
AGREE maidiradicis
See Aphis maidiradicis
Aonidiella aurantii (California red
scale) 155)
Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale)
2, 79, 129, 165, 213, 243, 270, 306,
358, 409, 462, 483, 526, 580, 638
Apanteles congregatus (a braconid)
85, 563
Apanteles scutellaris (a braconid)
767 ( )
Aphelinus sp. (a eulophid wasp
HO
Aphelinus maidis (a eulophid wasp)
363
Aphidius sp. (a braconid)
557, 606
Aphids
42, 129,
f 385
phis fabae (bean aphid
12, 561 :
Aphis gossypii (melon aphid)
T, 191, 242, 305, 354, 52h
Aphis hederae (Gea) aphid)
12, 157, 255
154, 165, 189, 213, 243, 270,
Aphis maidiradicis (corn root aphid)
330
Aphis a (buckthorn aphid)
0;
aks ae (apple aphid)
165, 243, 357, 408, 482
soni spiraecola (spirea Spine)
A ae hora sue (pine spittlebug)
17, 281, 307,
Aphrophora saratogensis (Saratoga
spittlebug) i721, ae
Aphycus a ennis (an encyrtid wasp)
aL
Apion ae uum (South African emex |
y 49,
weevil 111
ee oe (hollyhock weevil) |
solo ulicis ae (a gorse weevil)
A ss mellifera (honey bee)
110, 148, 167, 180, 215, 231, 322,
éah, 13}
Apis mellifera adansonii (an African
honey bee) 15 (
Aphycus mexicanus (an encyrtid wasp
12,
pe
Apotoforma sp. (a tortricid moth)
232, 585
Apple-and-thorn skeletonizer
(Anthophila pariana)
Apple aphid
(Aphis pomi)
Apple curculio
(Tachypterellus quadrigibbus )
Apple grain aphid
(Rhopalosiphum fitchii)
Apple maggot
(Rhagoletis pomonella)
Apple mealybug
(Phenacoccus aceris)
Aprostocetus diplosidis (an eulophid
wasp) 193, 7
Archips ospilus (trastinee
Tae iBT 63
Archips rosanus (a eae moth)
213, 638, 643 ( )
Archips semiferanus (a tortricid moth
697, 139
Argyrotaenia pinatubana (pine tube moth)
12
Argyrotaenia velutinana (redbanded
leafroller) 270, 280
Aristotelia sp. (a gelechiid moth)
699
Army cutworm
(Euxoa auxiliaris)
Armyworms
ATT, 499, 557
Armyworm
| oe unipuncta)
Aroga websteri (sagebrush defoliator)
oe 352, 403, 477, 498, 722
Arphia conspersa (a eresohonean)
“S57, 139
Artichoke plume moth
(Platyptilia carduidactyla)
Ashgray blister beetle
(Epicauta fabricii)
Asiatic oak weevil
(Cyrtepistomus castaneus)
Asiatic rice borer
(Chilo suppressalis)
Asparagus aphid
(Brachycolus asparagi)
Asparagus beetle
(Crioceris asparagi)
Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale)
ie. 61, 131, 194, 232, 363, 414, 431,
383, 625, 6k, 666, 699, 714, 75
Aster leafhopper
(Macrosteles fascifrons)
Asteromyia modesta (a cecidomyiid)
a
ee
Astyleiopus variegatus (a cerambycid
Bisticl T
Aulocara elliotti (a grasshopper )
ah 65, 309, 338, 4i2, 429-430, 529,
5
Autographa californica (alfalfa looper)
191, 212, 229, 269, 477, 694
Azalea lace bug
(Stephanitis pyrioides)
Azya luteipes (a lady beetle)
iz , 19h
Bagworm
(Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis )
Balsam twig aphid
(Mindarus abietinus)
Balsam woolly aphid
(Adelges piceae)
Banded sunflower moth
(Phalonia hospes)
Bandedwing whitefly
(frialeurodes abutilonea)
Banks grass mite
(Oligonychus pratensis)
Bark beetles
195, 196
Barley thrips
{Limothrips denticornis)
Barnacle scale
(Ceroplastes cirripediformis)
Bathyplectes sp. (an ichneumon wasp)
252, 331, 384
Bathyplectes anurus (an ichneumon wasp)
179, 322, 334, 337, 412
Bathyplectes curculionis (an ichneumon
wasp) 112, 115, 179, 252, 361, 383,
412, 456, 781
Bathyplectes stenosti (an ichneumon
wasp) 438, 528, sah
Bean aphid
(Aphis fabae)
Bean fly
(Melanagromyza phaseoli)
Bean leaf beetle
(Cerotoma trifurcata)
Bean pod borer
(Maruea testulalis)
Bedellia orchilella (sweetpotato
leafminer) 168, 194, 310
Beet armyworm
(Spodoptera exigua)
Beet leafhopper
(Cireulifer tenellus)
Beet webworm
(Loxostege sticticalis)
Bembecia marginata (raspberry erown
borer) =Si
Bemisia giffardi (Giffard whitefly)
585
Bertha armyworm
(Mamestra configurata)
Berytinus minor (a stilt bug)
5
Birch leafminer
(Fenusa pusilla)
Birch skeletonizer
(Bucculatrix canadensisella)
Black blister beetle
(Epicauta pennsylvanica)
Black carpenter ant
(Camponotus pennsylvanicus)
Black cherry aphid
(Myzus cerasi)
Black citrus aphid
(Toxoptera aurantii)
Black cutworm
(Agrotis ipsilon)
Black horse fly
(Tabanus atratus)
Blackmargined aphid
(Monellia costalis)
Black pecan aphid
(Tinocallis caryaefoliae)
Black pineleaf scale
(Nuculaspis californica)
Black scale
(Saissetia oleae)
Black swallowtail
(Papilio polyxenes asterius)
Black thread scale
(Ischnaspis longirostris)
Black turpentine beetle
(Dendroctonus terebrans )
Blissus insularis (southern chinch bug)
99, 659, 665
Blissus leucopterus hirtus (hairy chinch
bug) 643
Blissus leucopterus leucopterus (chinch
bug) 95, 38, 99), 163, 227, 251, 268,
382, 403, 423, 456, 539, 634, 777
Blueberry bud mite
(Acalitus vaccinii)
Blueberry maggot
(Rhagoletis mendax)
Bluegrass billbug
(Sphenophorus parvulus)
Boll weevil
(Anthonomus grandis )
Bombotelia jocosatrix (large mango tip
borer) 1, 111, 216, 273, 783
Boopedon nubilum (a grasshopper)
33
Bootettix argentatus (a grasshopper)
5
Bothynus gibbosus (carrot beetle)
501
Boxelder leafroller
(Gracillaria negundella)
Boxwood leafminer
(Monarthropalpus buxi)
Brachycolus asparagi (asparagus aphid)
12, Dy
Brachymeria intermedia (a chalcid wasp)
698
Brachymeria obscurata (a chalcid)
if
Brachyrhinus cribricollis (a weevil)
505
Brachyrhinus ligustici (alfalfa snout
beetle) 30%, 319, 332
Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid)
7T2u
Brevipalpus lewisi (citrus flat mite)
503
Broad mite
(Polyphagotarsonemus latus)
Bronze birch borer
(Agrilus anxius)
Brown citrus aphid
(Loxoptera citricida)
Brown dog tick
(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)
Brown garden snail
(Helix aspersa)
Brown recluse spider
(Loxoseeles reclusa)
Brown saltmarsh mosquito
(Aedes cantator)
Brown soft scale
(Coceus hesperidum)
Brown spider beetle
(Ptinus clavipes)
Brown stink bug
(Euschistus servus)
Browntail moth
(Nygmia phaeorrhoes.)
Brown wheat mite
(Petrobia latens)
Bruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed
SET aN 635
Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil)
140
Bucculatrix ainsliella (oak
skeletonizer) lye
Bucculatrix canadensisella (birch
skeletonizer 172
Bucculatrix thurberiella (cotton
leafperforator) 12, 45, 602, 637, 723,
738, 762
Buckthorn aphid
(Aphis nasturtii)
C
Cabbage aphid
(Brevicoryne brassicae)
Cabbage looper
(Trichoplusia ni)
Cabbage maggot
(Hylemya brassicae)
Cabbage webworm
(Hellula rogatalis)
Cactoblastis cactorum (a cactus moth)
9
Caenurgina erechtea (forage looper)
722
Cales sp. (a chalcid wasp)
enn
California fivespined ips
Ips confusus)
California flatheaded borer
(Melanophila californica)
California oakworm
Phryganidia californica)
California red scale
(Aonidiella aurantii)
Caliroa cerasi (pearslug)
153, 461, 503, 621
Caliroa lineata (a sawfly)
5ub, 550
Callopistria sp. (a noctuid moth)
2
Calomycterus setarius (a Japanese
weevil) E57, 5el
Calosoma scrutator (a carabid beetle)
ibe
Cammula pellucida (clearwinged grass-
Teese 6h, 322, 338, 361, 362, 391,
412, 4e9, Gh3, 465, 486, 546, 565, 664
Camponotus caryae discolor (carpenter
ant) 179
Camponotus pennsylvanicus (black
carpenter ant 79
Cane leafhopper egg sucker
(Tytthus mundulus)
Cardiophorus spp. (elaterids)
Cardiophorus stolatus (an elaterid)
643, Obl
Caribbean fruit fly
(Anastrepha suspensa)
Carmine spider mite
(etranychus cinnabarinus)
Carneocephala sagittifera (a cicadellid)
519, OS, 625
Carolina grasshopper
(Dissosteira carolina)
Carpenter ant
(Camponotus caryae discolor)
Carpophilus lugubris (dusky sap beetle)
15, 574, 579
Carrot beetle
(Bothynus gibbosus )
Carulaspis juniperi (Juniper scale)
12
Casinaria infesta (an ichneumon wasp)
80, L67
Cattle lice
130, 148, 256, 780
Cattle tail louse
(Haematopinus uadri ertusus )
Caulocampus acericaulis (maple petiole
borer) 427, H31
Cecidomyia texana (guar midge)
TIT, 616, 619
Celama spp. (webworms )
~ Ba
Celama sorghiella (sorghum webworm ) ;
93, 95, 555, 599, 615, 658, 694, 710,
7eal
Celery looper
(Anagrapha falcifera)
Cephus cinctus (wheat stem sawfly)
a, OF
Ceramica picta (zebra caterpillar)
19
Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit
fly) 702, 729-734, 743-746, 769-774
Ceratocombus vagans (a jumping ground
bug) 12
Cereal leaf beetle
(Qulema melanopus )
Cerococcus kalmiae (a pit scale)
Lot
Cerococeus parrotti (a soft scale)
12
Ceroplastes cirripediformis (barnacle
scale) to 09; 108, 339
Ceroplastes floridensis (Florida wax
~acale) (21 Gea
Cerotoma trifurcata (bean leaf beetle)
119, 304, 333, 355, 384, 407, 457,
N78, 540, 558, 617, 636, 660, 679, 695
Ceutorhynchus litura (a weevil) f
Chaetoenema confinis (sweetpotato flea
beetle) 320, 356, 386, 681
Chaetocnema pulicaria (corn flea beetle)
239, 278, 302
Chaetophloeus heterodoxus (a bark
beetle) 13
Chaff scale
(Parlatoria pergandii)
Chalcid wasps
99
Chalcodermus aeneus (cowpea curculio)
902, 52
Chelopistes meleagridis (large turkey
louse 13
Cherry fruit fly
(Rhagoletis cingulata)
Chilocorus nigritus (a lady beetle)
7 eh
Chilocorus stigma (twicestabbed lady
beetle) 179
Chilo suppressalis (Asiatic rice borer)
363
Chinch bug
(Blissus leucopterus leucopterus )
Chinese rose beetle
(Adoretus. sinicus)
Chlorochroa ligata (conchuela)
123, 476, 497, 520, 539, 542, 556,
599
Choristoneura conflictana (large aspen
tortrix) 12S S8)5 H10
Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce
budworm) 169, AST, 368, 427, 441,
483, 503
Choristoneura occidentalis (western
spruce budworm) 169, 195, 196
Choristoneura pinus (jack pine budworm) i}
169, 453
Chorthippus curtipennis (a grasshopper)
529
Chortinaspis subchortina (an armored
seale) 498, 502
Chromaphis juglandicola (walnut aphid)
154, 179
Chrysodeixis chalcites (a noctuid moth) i
392, eT a
Chrysolina spp. (chrysomelid beetles)
sis
Chrysolina quadrigemina (a klamathweed
beetle) 179, 390
Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red
Darel 20, 216, 604, 666, 783
Chrysopa spp. (green lacewings)
ste, B06, 633
Chrysopa californica (a lacewing)
606
I
Cinara canadensis (a conifer aphid)
(2; TL
oe carolina (a conifer aphid)
eae pinivora (an aphid)
Sars
Cinara strobi (white pine aphid)
118, 725
Circulifer tenellus (beet leafhopper )
3p Sly BSp TES aI, Bai, Asi) Somly sii
349, 401, 709, 765
Citrus flat mite
(Brevipalpus lewisi)
Citrus red mite
(Panonychus citri)
Citrus rust mite
(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)
Citrus thrips
(Scirtothrips citri)
Citrus whitefly
(Dialeurodes citri)
Clastoptera achatina (pecan spittlebug)
482
Clavaspis subsimilis (an armored scale)
13
Clearwinged grasshopper
(Camula pellucida)
Clouded plant bug
(Neurccolpus nubilis)
Cloudywinged whitefly
(Dialeurodes citrifolii)
Clover leaf weevil
(Hypera punctata)
Clover seed weevil
(Miccotrogus icirostris)
Coccidoxenus mexicanus (an encyrtid
wasp) u9
Coccinella novemnotata (a lady beetle)
3
Coccinella transversoguttata (transverse
lady beetle) 178, E83
Coccinella trifasciata (a lady beetle)
17
Coccus hesperidum (brown soft scale)
SERFS viridis (green scale)
~ hog, 462, 483, 526, ae 639 5
Cochliomyia hominivorax (screwworm
5, 19, 32, 42, 60, 79, 129, 147, 166,
174, 192, 21h, 230, 24h, 256, 271, 281,
336, 360, 388, 410, 428, bhi, 463, 48k,
504, 527, 55, 563, 581, 605, 622, 640,
oe 683, 697, 713, 725, THO, 752, 780,
T
Coconut leafroller
(Hedylepta blackburni)
Coconut scale
(Aspidiotus destructor)
aaa moth
Laspeyresia pomonella
Coelophora inaequalis (a lady beetle)
46, 47, 111, 363, 431, 445
gelsenes pees (grape colaspis)
119
Colemegilla maculata (a lady beetle)*
178, 193, 308, 361, 443, 464, 485, 582,
781
Coleophora laricella (larch casebearer)
195
Coleotechnites milleri (lodgepole
needleminer ) i
Coleotichus blackburniae (koa bug)
>)
Colias eurytheme (alfalfa caterpillar)
mon 229, 353, 355, 477, 576, 600, 616,
635, 659, 69h, 710, 722
Collops spp. (neigesl beetles)
5G
Colorado potato beetle
(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)
*Also carried as Coleomegilla maculata
fuscilabris in Vol. 22
Common cattle grub
(Hypoderma lineatum)
Common malaria mosquito
(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)
Comstock mealybug
(Pseudococcus constock)
Comstockiella sabalis (a diaspidid scale)
780, 762
Concephalus spp. (grasshoppers)
h99
Conchaspis angraeci (a mealybug)
ToL, 758
Conchuela
(Chlorochroa ligata)
Confused flour beetle
(Tribolium confusum)
Conoderus falli (southern potato
wireworm) Oh
Conotelus mexicanus (a sap beetle)
728, 751
Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio
Tea sy Seb 387
Contarinia sp. @ gall midge)
12
Contarinia schulzi (sunflower blossom
midge) 459, 480, 501, 523, 619
Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum midge)
To ah, U5, WS, GS), Ds 22; 330, 351,
403, 123, 438, 455, 76, hoz, 48, 520,
556, 557, 599, 634, 658, 678, 710, 722,
749, 781
Convergent lady beetle
(Hippodamia convergens )
Cooley spruce gall aphid
(Adelges cooleyi)
Coptosoma xanthogramma (a plataspid bug)
507
Coquillettidia perturbans (a mosquito)
177, 360, 429, 463
Cordillacris cinerea (a grasshopper)
?
Cordillacris crenulata (a grasshopper)
193
Corn earworm
(Heliothis zea)
Corn flea beetle
(Chaetocnema pulicaria)
Corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis)
Tah
Corn planthopper
(Peregrinus maidis)
Corn root aphid
oes eel
Sees Bed meadii (a geometrid moth)
Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug)
sh
Soo ruee confraterna (a lace bug)
Corythucha montivaga (a lace bug)
13
Cosmobaris americana (a weevil)
19;
Cosymbia serrulata (kiawe flower looper)
Le
Cotinis nitida (green June beetle)
o)
Cotton fleahopper
(Pseudatomoscelis seriatus)
Cotton leafperforator
(Bucculatrix thurberiella)
Cotton square borer
(Strymon melinus )
Cottonycushion scale
(Icerya purchasi)
Cowpea curculio
(Chalcodermus aeneus)
Crapemyrtle aphid
(Tinocallis kahawaluokalani) ,
Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle
Ban
Crioceris duodecimpunctata (spotted
asparagus beetle 35)
Croesia albicomana (oak leaftier)
172, 214, 368, 10
Cryptarcha ampla (a sap beetle)
57h, 519
Cryptoblabes aliena (a pyralid moth)
Cryptochetum iceryae (a eryptochetid fly)
49, 60
Cryptolaemus spp. (lady beetles)
390, , 624, 684
Cryptolaemas montrouzieri (a lady beetle)
194, Wy, 431
Beye es sp- (a cucujid beetle)
Cryptolestes pusillus (flat grain beetle)
5
Cryptorhynchus lapathi (poplar-and-willow
borer) 545
Cuban laurel thrips
(Gynaikothrips ficorum)
Culex spp. (mosquitoes)
T, 44, 131, 216, 310, 363, 528, 543,
625, 683, 727 (
Culex pipiens pipiens (northern house
mosquito) 428, 505, 606, 663, 664, 683
Culex pipiens quinguefasciatus (southern
house mosquito) 7, 44, 48, 131, 216,
310, 363, 485, 507, 543, 625, 727, 783
Culex restuans (a mosquito)
Culex salinarius (a mosquito)
Culex tarsalis (a mosquito)
LTT, 337, 545, 579, 582, 664, 764
Culex territans (a mosquito)
Culicoides spp. (biting midges)
it
Culicoides furens (a biting midge)
177
Culicoides hollensis (a biting midge)
iT
Culicoides spinosus (a biting midge)
LT
Culicoides stellifer (a biting midge)
177
Culiseta inornata (a mosquito)
281, 337
Culiseta minnesotae (a mosquito)
519
Curculio caryae (pecan weevil)
154, 580, ii, 662, 682, 738, 762
Curinus coeruleus (a lady beetle)
TeT
Cutworms
107, 354
Cyclamen mite
Steneotarsonemus pallidus)
(
Cyclocephala borealis (northern masked
chafer) 678
Cylas formicarius elegantulus (sweetpotato
weevil) 257, 579
Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Asiatic oak
weevil) 123, 427, 431, 544, 550, 620,
622, 640, 643, 697
Cyrtopeltis modestus (a plant bug)
273, 431
Cyrtorhinus fulvus (a predacious mirid
bug) a5, 666
Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (a predacious
194
mirid bug)
Dacus cucurbitae (melon fly)
507
Dacus dorsalis (oriental fruit fly)
391, 504
Damsel bugs
oe plag ( )
Dasychira plagiata (pine tussock moth
166, 307, 52 ;
Datana contracta (a notodontid moth)
13, 173
Datana integerrima (walnut caterpillar)
150, i5h, 08, eT, 482, 503, 662, qa;
7k
Decorosiphon corynothrix (an aphid)
231, 232
Dectes sayi (a cerambycid beetle)
13
Dectes texanus texanus (a cerambycid
beetle) 76, 119, 540, 762
Deloyala guttata (mottled tortoise beetle)
36
Delphacodes propingua (a delphacid
planthopper) 635
Dendroctonus adjunctus (roundheaded pine
beetle) 169, 170, 196
Dendroctonus frontalis (southern pine
beetle) 4, 166, 169, 170, 196, 197,
254, 255, 410, 50k, 563, 60h, 622, 639,
682, 696, 724, 739, ee 719
Dendroctonus ponderosae (mountain pine
beetle) 32, 95), 196, 526, 639
Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Douglas fir
beetle) 195, 196, 358
Dendroctonus rufipennis (spruce beetle)
195, 196
Dendroctonus terebrans (black turpentine
beetle) 60
Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick)
5, 20
Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick)
361, 505, 546, 623
Diabrotica spp. (corn rootworms)
89, 93, 278, 455, 475, 496, 519, 538,
574, 598, 601, 614, 634, 658, 695, 722,
737, TIT
Diabrotica longicornis (northern corn
rootworm ) 13, 89, gh, 403, 455, 475,
496, 5119); 538, 556, 574, 598, 614-615,
634, 737, 749, 758, T1T
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi
(southern corn rootworm) 31, 94, 128,
304, 305, 318, 334, 342, 351, 407, 496,
574, 579, 598, 601, 658, 695, 778
Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata
(western spotted cucumber Sees) 52k
Diabrotica virgifera (western corn root-
worm) 13, 89, Ou, 455, 475, 496, 502,
519, 538, 550, 556, 561, 574, 579, 598,
610, 614-615, 620, 634, 643, 658, 665,
695, 13%, TH, TIT
Diade insularis (an ichneumon wasp)
363
Dialeurodes spp. (whiteflies)
155
Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly)
255, 4h3
Dialeurodes citrifolii (cloudywinged
whitefly) 585
Diamondback moth
(Plutella xylostella)
Disparsis
12
eS femorata (walkingstick)
545, 563, 616, 622, 683, 780
Diaprepes abbreviatus (West Indian
sugarcane root borer) 67, 643, 698
Diaspidid scales
763
Diatraea crambidoides (southern cornstalk
borer) 6TT> THO
Diatraea grandiosella (southwestern corn
borer) 3, 92, 1895 227, 303, 351, hoT,
658, 677, 685, 693, 710, 714, 721, 737,
749, 761, 776
Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer)
92
Diceroprocta vitripennis (a cicada)
13
Differential grasshopper
(Melanoplus differentialis)
Diocalandra taitensis (Tahitian coconut
weevil 567
Dioryctria zimmermani (Zimmerman pine
moth) 462, 696
Diploptera punctata (Pacific beetle
euen nay 149
Dissosteirs varslina (Carolina grass-
hopper; 439
Dissosteira longipennis (High Plains
grasshopper) 430
Douglas fir beetle
(Dendroctonus pseudotsugae)
Douglas fir tussock moth
(Hemerocampa pseudotsugata)
Drepanopterna femoratum (a grasshopper)
65, 338, 430, 69
Drosophila spp. (vinegar flies)
661
Dusky sap beetle
(Carpophilus lugubris)
Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid)
192, 2h3
Dysaphis tulipae (tulip bulb aphid)
bt
Ear tick
(Otobius megnini)
Eastern blackheaded budworm
(Acleris variana)
Eastern pineshoot borer
(Eucosma gloriola)
Eastern subterranean termite
(Reticulitermes flavipes)
Eastern tent caterpillar
(Malacosoma americanum)
Eburia quadrigeminata (a longhorned
beetle) 622
Ectomocoris biguttulus (a reduviid bug)
261, 567
Eggplant flea beetle
(Epitrix fuscula)
Egyptian alfalfa weevil
(Hypera brunneipennis )
Elasmopalpus lignosellus (lesser cornstalk
borer) 120, 351, 455, 457, 497, 499,
521, 539, 540, 542, 555, 558, 561, 577,
617, 637, 722, 117
Eleodes spp. (false wireworms)
303
Elimaea punctifera (narrow winged katydid)
567, TOT
Elm leaf beetle
(Pyrrhalta luteola)
Emmesomyia socia (an anthomyiid fly)
10
Empicoris orthoneuron (a reduviid)
781, 762
Empoasca fabae (potato leafhopper)
SL, 68, 302, hee, 437, 454, 47h, 495,
518, 537, 555, 598, 614
English grain aphid
(Macrosiphum avenae )
Eotetranychus multidigituli (a spider
mite) 321
Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (sixspotted
mite) he, 19; 128, 165, 213, 23, 270
Ephestia elutella (tobacco moth)
D> 0, 1 8, 723
Epicauta spp. (blister beetles)
1
Epicauta fabricii (ashgray blister beetle)
1
Epicauta lemniscata (threestriped blister
beetle) 457
Epicauta occidentalis (a blister beetle)
Bil
Epicauta pennsylvanica (black blister
beetle) 576, 61
Epicauta vittata (striped blister beetle)
57
Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean beetle)
116, 140, 353, 355, 384, 386, 405, 407,
heh, 439, 457, 478, 499, 521, 52h, 540,
558, 561, 576, 601, 617, 636, 660, 679
inotia meritana (white fir needleminer)
359, 662
iphyas postvittana (light brown apple
moth 2
Epitrimerus pyri (pear rust mite)
503
Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea beetle)
355, 356, 542
Epitrix fuscula (eggplant flea beetle)
be a ) ( '
Epitrix hirtipennis (tobacco flea beetle
13, Lee, 35h, 385, 407, 425, 459, 523,
560, 578, 602, 619, 686, 714
Eretmocerus sp. (a eulophid wasp)
hii
Eriococcus euphorbiae (a parasite)
781
Eriophyes canestrinii (an eriophyid mite)
13
Eeepayes litchii (an eriophyid mite)
qu
Eriophyes theospyri (an eriophyid mite)
12
Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple aphid)
3Pilg. 12
Erythroneura comes (a leafhopper )
153
Erythroneura variabilis (a leafhopper)
21
Estigmene acrea (saltmarsh caterpillar)
37- Light traps: 9, 131, 186, 217,
233, 247, 263, 311, 324, 340, 364-365,
393-394, 416, 432-433, 446-447, 468-
469, 488-489, 508-509, 932-533, 548-
549, 568-569, 587, 608-609, 626-627,
645, 646, 667, 687, 700, 726
Esperanza texana (an alydid bug)
730, 741 :
Eucelatoria armigera (a tachina fly
hg, 80, 467, 603, 783
Eucosma gloriola (eastern pineshoot borer)
13
Eudecatoma marylandica (an eurytomid
wasp) 13, 173
Euglandina rosea (a snail)
T
Eupelmus popa (a eupelmia wasp)
» Tol
European chafer
(Amphimallon ma jalis)
European chafer quarantines
187
European corn borer
(Ostrinia nubilalis)
European crane fly
(Tipula paludosa)
European earwig
(Forficula auricularia)
European elm scale
(Gossyparia spuria)
European pine sawfly
(Neodiprion sertifer)
European pine shoot moth
(Rhyacionia buoliana)
European red mite
(Panonychus ulmi)
Eurytetranychus buxi (a spider mite)
Ae 610
Eurytoma gigantea (an eurytomid wasp)
99
Eurytoma obtusiventris (an eurytomid
wasp) 13, 99
Euscelis ohausi (a leafhopper)
10
,Euschistus servus (brow stink bug)
L235 Tl, mL
Eutetranychus banksi (Texas citrus mite)
2, TOnmoE 128, 154, 1 5 UG, Bills};
243, 270, 306, 357, fio » 461, 482, 525,
580, 638
Eutreta xanthochaeta (lantana gall fly)
625, TOT
Eutrombicula belkini (a chigger mite)
13}
Euxoa sp. (a cutworm)
a
Euxoa auxiliaris (army cutworm)
i> Sip Moa M5 US, Wes), ise), Bill,
227, 239, 251, 277, 301, 317, 349, 381,
386, 453, 460. Light traps: 263, 274,
26h, 311, 32h, 340, 364, 393-394, 416,
432, 46, 468-469, 488-489, 509, 532-
533, 548-549, 569, 645, 667, 687, 715,
EBuxoa detersa (a noctuid moth)
330
Euxoa ochrogaster (redbacked cutworm)
253, 279, 280, 355
Exenterus amictorius (an ichneumon wasp)
307
Exenterus canadensis (an ichneumon wasp)
a
Exorista sorbillans (a tachina fly)
363
Exuviaspis enceliae (an armored scale)
10
Eysarcoris ventralis (a pentatomid)
323
F
Face fly
(Musca autumnalis)
Fall armyworm
(Spodoptera frugiperda)
Fall cankerworm
(Alsophila pometaria)
Fall webworm
(Hyphantria cunea)
False chinch bug
(Nysius ericae)
Faronta diffusa (wheat head armyworm)
Light traps: 233, 263, 311, 324, 340,
364, 393-394, 416, 432, 4k6, 4e8-hE9,
488, 508-509, 532-533, 568-569, 586-587,
608-609, 626, 645, 667, 687, 715
Feltia subterranea (granulate cutworm)
280, 457, 522, 541, 558, 678. Light
feapsr | 19s) Oly Say Lily 131m 1865 eur,
233, 247, 263, 274, 284, 311, 324, 340,
364-365, 393-394, 416-427, 432-433, 446-
47, 468-469, 488-489, 508-509, 532-533,
548-549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-
627, 645-646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715,
726, Th2, 753
Fenusa pusilla (birch leafminer)
173
Fern scale
(Pinnaspis aspidistrae)
Filbert aphid
(Myzocallis coryli)
Fiorinia fioriniae (an armored scale)
i
2
Fiorinia theae (tea scale)
9
Fire ant
Solenopsis geminata)
Fir engraver
(Scolytus ventralis)
Flat grain beetle
Cryptolestes pusillus)
Florida red scale
Chrysomphalus aonidum)
Florida wax scale
(Ceroplastes floridensis)
Flower thrips
Frankliniella tritici)
Forage looper
(Caenurgina erechtea)
Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) fusicornis (a
ceratopogonid fly) 283
Forest tent caterpillar
(Malacosoma disstria)
Forficula auricularia (European earwig)
604, 610, 620, 641, 643, 782
Foxglove aphid
(Acyrthosiphon solani)
Frankliniella spp. (thrips)
305, 333, 354, 405, 406
Frankliniella bispinosa (a thrips)
242
Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips)
120, 122, 305, 332, 354, 405
Frankliniella occidentalis (western
flower thrips) 3, 105, 229, 242, 253,
269, 467, 567, 659
Frankliniella tritici (flower thrips)
122
Fruittree leafroller
(Archips argyrospilus)
Fuller rose beetle
(Pantomorus cervinus)
G
Galeruca rudis (a chrysomelid beetle)
599, 610 a
Garden fleahopper i
(Halticus bractatus) 5
Garden symphylan
Sa
(Scutigerella immaculata)
Gargara genitsae (a treehopper )
Geococcus coffeae (a mealybug)
80, 763
Geocoris punctipes (a big-eyed bug)
180, Zhe
Giant African snail
Achatina fulica)
Giffard whitefly
(Bemisia giffardi)
Glover scale
Lepidosaphes loverii
Gnathobleda litigiosa (a reduviid bug)
T4HLl
Golden nematode
Heterodera rostochiensis)
Gossyparia spuria (European elm scale)
109
Gracillaria negundella (boxelder leaf- ;
Toller) MLB b mS Dg
Granulate cutworm
Feltia subterranea)
Grape berry moth
Paralobesia viteana)
Grape colaspis
Colaspis brunnea)
Grape mealybug
(Pseudococeus maritimus)
Grape phylloxera
Phylloxera vitifoliae)
Graphocephala cythura (a cicadellid)
334, 339
Graphognathus spp. (whitefringed beetles)
33, or , 19k, 245, 273, 362, 392, huh,
487, 502, 507, 530, 547, 607, 610, 617,
698
Graphognathus leucoloma fecundus (a
whitefringed beetle) 607
Graphognathus leucoloma striatus (a
whitefringed beetle) OT
Graphognathus perigrinus (a whitefringed
beetle 507
Grapholitha molesta (oriental fruit moth)
150, 269, 335, 408, 525, 562, 724
Grapholitha prunivora (lesser appleworm)
695
Grass bugs
1, 6, 65, 322, 390, 443
Grasshoppers
4, 64, 98, 193, 257, 272, 279, 282, 309)
322, 338, 361, 382, 384, 390, 403, hie,
423, hon, 429-430, 439, 4h3, ho7, 465,
476, LTT, 486, 498, 499, 505-506, del,
529, 539, 546, 558, 560, 565, 576, 583,
606, 624, 635, 642, 664, 684, 685, 694,
698, 725, T41, 782
4
Grass thrips
(Anaphothrips obscurus)
Grass webworm
(Herpetogramma licarsisalis)
Greenbug
(Schizaphis graminum)
Green cloverworm
(Plathypena scabra)
Greenhouse thrips
(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis)
Greenhouse whitefly
(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)
Green June beetle
(Cotinis nitida)
Green peach aphid
(Myzus persicae)
Green scale
(Coceus viridis)
Green stink bug
(Acrosternum hilare)
Gryllus spp. (field crickets)
730
Guar midge
(Cecidomyia texana)
Gulf Coast tick
(Amblyomma maculatum)
Gymnocarena diffusa (a tephritid fly)
12k
Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel
thrips) SSL
Gypsy moth
(Porthetria dispar )
H
Haematobia irritans (horn fly)
Thy, l67, Le, U5, 193, 215, 230, ahh,
256, 271, 281, 308, 321, 336, 359, 389,
410, 428, We, W6b, 484, 504, 528, 545,
564, 581, 605, 623, 641, 663, 683, 697,
713, 725, T40, 753, 764
Haematoecha rubescens (a reduviid bug)
10, 45
Haematopinus spp. (cattle lice)
5, 20, 43, 109
Haematopinus eurysternus (shortnosed
cattle louse) 5, 20, 32, 43, 79, 109,
130, 148, 256, 740, 780
Haematopinus quadripertusus (cattle tail
ee 109
Haematopinus suis (hog louse)
32, 109, 697, 740
Hairy chinch bug
(Blissus leucopterus hirtus)
Halticoptera patellana (a pteromalid
wasp) 45, 310, 507, 644, 75%
Halticus bractatus (garden fleahopper)
1
Harrisina brillians (western grapeleaf
skeletonizer) 155, 270, 356, 362, 391,
462, 507, 530, SUT, 566, 620, 624, 685,
713, 724
Hawaiian beet webworm
(Hymenia recurvalis)
Hawaiian thrips
(Taeniothrips hawaiiensis)
Hedylepta accepta (sugarcane leafroller
= ee
Hedylepta blackburni (coconut leafroller)
6, -1h9,° 283, 323, 414, 431, 467, 567
Heliothis spp. (bollworms)
120, 121, 180, 320, 333, 354, 385, 406,:
Ta5, WhO, 458, 479, 496, 499, 522, 541,
559, 517, 602, 618, 636, 660, 677, 680,
750
‘Heliothis paradoxa (a noctuid moth)
69h
Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm)
88, 121, 227, 320, 354, 385, 406, 425,
» 459, 500, 519, 541-542, 577-578,
602, 618, 636, 658, 660, 677, 680, 695,
723, 762. Light traps: 131, 233, 2h7,
.= 10 =
27h, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364, 393, 416-
WI7, 432-433, 46, 468-469, 488-189,
508-509, 932-533, 548-549, 568-569, 586-
587, 608-609, 626-627, 645, 667, 687,
700, 715, 726, THe
Heliothis zea (corn earworm)
ZOn Sip WF Gil, Bs, 3, 120, wei, Wes),
211, 239) 246, 251, 273, 302, 317, 320,
329, 339, 351, 385, 392, 403, 406, 421,
436, 440, 445, 453, 458, 479, 487, 493,
500, 507, 517, 522, 531, 537, 541, 553-
554, 559-560, 567, 573, 577-578, 597,
602, 613, 618, 633, 636, 644, 657, 660,
677, 680, 686, 693, 709, 722, 738, 754,
767, 783. Light traps: 217, 247, 263,
e7h, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364-365, 393-
394, 416-417, 432-433, 446-47, 468-469,
4188-189, 508-509, 532-533, 548-5h9, 568-
569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-646,
667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, 753
Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (greenhouse
thrips) 80, 531, 699, 754
Helix aspersa (brown garden snail)
129
Hellula rogatelis (cabbage webworm)
5, 339, 661, 666
Hemerocampa pseudotsugata (Douglas fir
tussock moth) 170, 195, 196, 504, 562,
152, 764
Hemerocampa vetusta (western tussock moth)
307
Hemiberlesia lataniae (an armored scale)
10;
Hemileuca hualapai (a saturniid moth)
130
Hemileuca oliviae (range caterpillar)
6, 67, 130, 391, 413, 481, 486, 547,
726, 153, 182
Hemispherical scale
(Saissetia coffeae)
Hemlock looper
(Lambdina fiscellaria)
Herpetogramma licarsisalis (grass webworm)
» +6, 80, 283; 392, Als, 467, 507, 543,
603, 727, 783
Hesperophanes pubescens (a longhorned
beetle) Ly
Hesperotettix speciosus (a grasshopper )
338, 430
Hessian fly
_ (Mayetiola destructor)
Heterocampa guttivitta (saddled prominent)
id; 19, Ser
Heterocampa manteo (variable oakleaf
caterpillar) 169, 171, 196, 197, 544,
563, 639, 640, 663, 682, 696, 701, 712,
725, 139, 152
Heterococcus tuttlei (a mealybug)
7
Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst
nematode) lk, 33, 67, 430, 460, 531,
579, 584, 643, 753, 758
Heterodera lespedezae (a cyst nematode)
Th, 118
Heterodera rostochiensis (golden nematode)
22k, 26
Hexacola hexatoma (a pteromalid wasp)
10
Hibiscus caterpillar
(Anomis flava)
Hickory shuckworm
(Laspeyresia caryana)
High Plains grasshopper
(Dissosteira longipennis)
Hippodamia convergens (convergent lady
beetle) 86, 97, 110, 145, 148, 178,
193, 215, 231, 245, 256, 269, 272, 411,
429, 4h3, 46h, 473, 485, 555» 564-565,
582, 633, 684, 721
Hippodamia parenthesis (a lady beetle)
231
Hippodamia tredecimpunctata (a lady beetle)
beetle) 178
Hockeria unipunctatipennis (a chalcidid
wasp) TOL
Hog louse
(Haematopinus suis)
Holcencyrtus physokermis (an encyrtid
wasp) 179
Hollyhock weevil
(Apion longirostre)
Homadaula anisocentra (mimosa webworm)
173, 502, 503, 527, 544, 561, 563, 581,
GlO, 643, 663, 665, 739
Homaledra sabalella (palm leaf
Skeletonizer) 1}
Homoeosoma electellum (sunflower moth)
2k, 501, 523, 560, 578
Honey bee
(Apis mellifera)
Hop aphid
(Phorodon humuli)
Hop looper
(Hypena humuli)
Horn fly
(Haematobia irritans)
House fly
(Musca domestica)
Howardia biclavis (a diaspidid scale)
7718; 782
Hyalopterus pruni (mealy plum aphid)
30
Hybomitra spp. (horse flies)
2h5
Hybomitra nigricans (a horse fly)
25
Hylem
141
oe brassicae (cabbage maggot)
antiqua (onion maggot)
Race latura (seedcorn maggot)
33, on
Hylephila phylaeus (a skipper)
Hyles lineata (whitelined sphinx)
255
Hylobius aliradicis (southern pine root
weevil)
Hylobius dagusiis (pine root collar weevil)
197
Hylotrupes bajulus (oldhouse borer)
178
Hylurgopinus rufipes (native elm bark
beetle) 173
Hymenia recurvalis (Hawaiian beet
webworm 751
Hymenopterous parasites
179
Hypena humuli (hop looper)
iso
Hypena strigata (lantana defoliator
caterpillar) 283, 784
Byes spp. (weevils)
Hypera brunneipennis (Egyptian alfalfa
= 78, 116 ae 778
Hypera ni noes ETS (lesser clover leaf
weevil) 190
= an (alfalfa weevil)
re ‘i D5 Iie dor shle5 2utsi5
8, Ae "149, 163, 164, 179, , 190, 211,
se 228, 240-2h1, 245, 252, 268- 269,
273, 278-279, 303-304, 318, 331, 332,
337, 352-353, 356, 383, 386, Yok, hos,
412, 415, 4e3-heh, 4e9, 431, 438-439,
456, 460, 477, 498-499, 521, 528, 539,
557, 561, 576, 600, 659, 665, 669, 679,
694, 723, 755-757, 761, 778, 781
era punctata (clover leaf weevil)
108, 116, 146, 164, 190, 212
Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm)
306, 335, 408, 410, 427, 461, 482, 48h,
503, 525, 562, 580, 605, 638, 639, 662,
682, 695, 697, Tll, 712, 72k
Hypoaspis nidicorva (a mesostigmatic mite)
310
Hypoderma spp. (cattle grubs)
176, 214, 361, 389
Hypoderma nese (northern cattle grub)
21k, 272, 389
SIAL
Hypoderma lineatum (common cattle grub)
5, 20, 32, 42, 79, 109, 130, 147, 167,
176, ark, 683, 740, 752, 76h, 780
Icer urchasi (cottonycushion scale)
49, 60, 21k, 462, 642
Ichneumon wasps
282, hil
Imported cabbageworm
(Pieris rapae)
Imported fire ant
(Solenopsis saevissima richteri)
Incisitermes immigrans (lowland tree
termite) 19
Indian meal moth
(Plodia interpunctella)
Ips spp. (bark beetles)
196, 779
Ips calligraphus (a bark beetle)
152
Ips confusus (California fivespined ips)
au
Irbisia spp.
65, Th3
Irbisia oe (a grass bug)
~ 282, 390
Irbisia fuscipubescens (a grass bug)
cae SUOMI SEIS
Irbisia poo (a grass bug)
65, 390,
Irbisia eats (a grass bug)
D
Ischnaspis longirostris (black thread
aie Ty
Itch mite
(Sarcoptes scabiei)
Ivy aphid
(Aphis hederae)
(grass bugs)
J
Jack pine budworm
(Choristoneura pinus)
Jack pine sawfly
(Neodiprion pratti banksianae)
Japanese beetle
(Popillia japonica)
Juniper scale
(Carulaspis juniperi)
K
Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato pinworm)
45, 111, 138, 543, 603, 620, 711, 767
Khapra beetle
(Trogoderma granarium)
Kiawe flower looper
(Cosymbia serrulata)
Kimminsia schwarzi (a brown lacewing)
14, 180
Pauersise weed beetle
(Chrysolina quadrigemina)
Koa bug
(Coleotichus blackburniae)
Koa haole Goper sia man
(Anacamptodes fra ilaria)
Kuwania —— a margarodid scale)
192, aaa
L
Labops spp- (grass bugs)
> 65, 167, 231, 443, 505, 529
Labops hesperius
» 65, 16, 215, 272, 322
Labops hirtus
6, 505
Labops utahensis (a grass bug)
3
Lachnus salignus (an aphid)
782, 70k
Lady beetles
272, 337, 361, 411, 429, 443, 464, 485,
546, 564, 582, 664
Lambdina athasaria athasaria (a geometrid
moth) 740
Lambdina fiscellaria (hemlock looper)
(le, [i
fambdina pellucidaria (a geometrid moth)
) 662, 763
/ Lamenia caliginea (a fulgorida planthopper )
il, 45
Lantana defoliator caterpillar
(Hypena strigata)
Lantana gall fly
(Eutreta xanthochaeta)
Lantana hispid
(Uroplata girardi)
Lantana leaf beetle
(Octotoma scabripennis )
Larch casebearer
(Coleophora laricella)
Large aspen tortrix
(Choristoneura conflictana)
Large mango tip borer
(Bombotelia jocosatrix)
Large elm leaf beetle
(Monocesta coryli)
Large turkey louse
(Chelopistes meleagridis)
Larinus carlinae (a European weevil)
Hi5, 418 (
Laspeyresia caryana (hickory shuckworm
TS, 621, 662, 724, 738, 762
Laspeyresia pomonella (codling moth
150, 154, 213, 243, 269, 280, 321, Bbilis
387, 408, 461, 525, 562, 580, 60h.
Light traps: 548, 609
Latrodectus hesperus (a combfooted
spider) 23
Latrodectus variolus (a combfooted
spider) 641, 643, 683, 685
Lawn armyworm
(Spodoptera mauritia)
Leadcable borer
(Secobicia declivis)
Leafrollers
197
Lecanium kunoensis (a soft scale)
270, 273
Lecanodiaspis pruinosa (a lecanodiaspidid
scale) 156, ean
Leek moth
(Acrolepia assectella)
Leiopus variegatus (a cerambycid beetle)
THL
Lema trilineata (threelined potato
beetle) 392
Lemophagus curtus (an ichneumon wasp)
33h, 337
lepidosaphes beckii (purple scale)
2, 79, 128, 165, AL3\5 243, 270, 306,
358, 409, 461, 483, 526, 580, 604, 638,
778, 782
sop loverii (Glover scale)
Pai leon Bp rellsts 243, 270, 306,
2580 409, h61, 483, 526, 580, 638, 778,
762
Lepidosaphes pini (an armored scale)
14, 45
Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale)
357, 152
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado
potato beetle) 138, 253, 280, 305,
320, 355, 385, 407, 426, 44o, 459, 480,
Seah, 542, 560
Leptobyrsa decora (a tingid bug)
283, 431, 727
Leptopterna dolabrata (meadow plant bug)
8
Lesser appleworm
(Grapholitha prunivora)
Lesser clover leaf weevil
(Hypera nigrirostris)
Lesser cornstalk borer
(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)
Lesser grain borer
(Rhyzopertha dominica)
Lesser mealworm
(Alphitobius diaperinus)
Lesser peachtree borer
(Synanthedon pictipes )
Leucogonia californica (a gelechiid moth)
3 7
Leucophaea maderae (Madeira cockroach)
782
Leucopis militia (a chamaemyiid fly)
258
Leucopis nigraluna (a chamaemyiid fly)
258, 727, TOT
Leucopis ocellaris (a chamaemyiid fly)
11
Light brown apple moth
(Epiphyas postuittana)
Limothrips denticornis (barley thrips)
98), 303
Lindorus lophanthae (a lady beetle)
WS, 61, 131, 414, 644, 666, 75h
Linognathus vituli (longnosed cattle
louse) 43
Liothrips urichi (a thrips)
603, 7L4
Liriomyza spp. (leafminer flies)
20, 33, 44, 78, 80, 111, 363, 392, 4k,
431, 445, 467, 531, 543, 567, 603, 644,
666, 686, 699, 714, 727, 754, 767, 783
Liriomyza brassicae (serpentine leafminer )
78
Liriomyza munda (vegetable leafminer)
165
Listroderes costirostris obliquus
(vegetable weevil) 78
Lithocolletis robinella (a gracillariid
moth) 602
Locust leafminer
(Xenochalepus dorsalis)
Lodgepole needleminer
(Coleotechnites milleri)
Lone star tick
(Amblyomma americanum)
Longitarsus jacobaeae (a flea beetle)
179, 765
Longitarsus waterhousei (a flea beetle)
531
Longiunguis sacchari (sugarcane aphid)
75u
Longnosed cattle louse
(Linognathus vituli)
Longtailed mealybug
(Pseudocoecus longispinus)
Lopholeucaspis japonica (an armored
scale) ih
Loxagrotis albicosta (western bean
cut worm) 93, 520, 556, 599, 677, 685
Loxosceles reclusa (brown recluse spider)
178, 256, ble, G45, 579, 582, 780
Loxosceles refescens (a scytotid spider)
0;
Loxostege commixtalis (alfalfa webworm)
123, 124, 229
Loxostege sticticalis (beet webworm)
ree 12k, 279, 4a Light traps: 394,
16, 432, 446, 469, 489, 509, 533, 548
Lyctus sp. (a powderpost beetle)
ai
Lyctus brunneus (a powderpost beetle)
168, TOL
Lygus spp. (lygus bugs)
117, 163, 165, 279, 332, 353, 384, 406,
521, 540, 560
Lygus bugs
161, 162
Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug)
128, _ 2h2, 280, 332, 353, 384, 405,
73
409, » 178
Lysiphlebus testaceipes (a braconid wasp) .
i, 86, 110, 148, 179, 193, 363, 454,
173, B95, 505, 518, 531, 554, T2L
M
Macrosiphum avenae (English grain aphid)
19, 85, 97, 127, 145, 163, 189, 331,
455 DTDs 110
Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid)
140, 155, 60, 578
Macrosteles fascifrons (aster leafhopper)
63, 211, 251, 268, 301, 307, 329, 349,
381, ol, hel, 453, 737
Madeira cockroach
(Leucophaea maderae )
Magicicada spp.
308, 359
Magicicada septendecim (periodical
cicada) 271, 201, 308, 321, 359,
Magicicada tredecim
308, 359
Maize billbug
(Sphenophorus maidis)
Malacosoma spp. (tent caterpillars)
129
Malacosoma americanum (eastern tent
Caterpillar) 32, 129, 147, 166, 171,
192, 214, ahh, 255, 271, 640
Malacosoma californicum (western tent
Caterpillar) 190, 196, 308
Malacosoma disstria (forest tent
caterpillar) 172, 196, 214, 255, 271,
282, 307, 764
Malacosoma incurvum discoloratum (a tent
caterpillar) 230
Mamestra configurata (bertha armyworm
E77, 499, 50, 750
Manduca spp. (hornworms)
31, 88, 583
Manduca quinquemaculata (tomato hornworm)
68. Light traps: 247, 311, 340, 393-
394, 416-417, 432-433, 446-447, 468-
469, 488-489, 508-509, 533, 549, 568-
569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645,
667-668, 687, 700, 715
Manduea sexta (tobacco hornworm)
31, 88, 385, 406, 426, 459, 475, 496,
555, 578. Light traps: 247, 28h, 340,
393-394, 417, 432-433, 446, 468-469,
488, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569,
586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645, 667-668,
687, 715
Maple leafcutter
(Paraclemensia acerifoliella)
Maple petiole borer
(Caulocampus acericaulis)
Maruca testulalis (bean pod borer)
a ( )
Meyetiola destructor (Hessian fly
3, 96, 190, 240, 248, 303, 331, 352,
455, 539, 575, 599, 615, 749
McDaniel spider mite
(Getrancychus mcdanieli)
Meadow plant bug
(Leptopterna dolabrata)
Meadow spittlebug
(Philaenus spumarius)
Mealybugs
42, 243, 270, 307, 358, 409, 462, 483,
526, 581
Mealy plum aphid
(Hyalopterus pruni)
Mediterranean fruit fly
(Ceratitis capitata)
Megachile sp. (a leafcutting bee)
3
Megachile concinna
oF
Megalopyge opercularis (puss caterpillar)
13
aire
Megaphra, mymaripenne (a trichogrammatid
wasp) 659
ae naseoli (bean fly)
Bo at a9; db, ILS{IL., 258, 310, 487, 507,
531, 64k, 699, 754, 767, 784
Melanaspis obscura (obscure scale)
130, 156, 725 (
Melanophila californica (California
flatheaded borer) 244
Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers)
117, 120, 193, 338, 362, 413, 423, 465,
86, 506, 539, 565, 583, 607
Melanoplus aridus (a grasshopper )
65
Melanoplus bivittatus (twostriped
grasshopper) 64, 257, 272, 282, 309,
322, 338, 362, 390-391, 412-413, 429-
430, 4h3, 465, 486, 506, 529-530, 565,
606, 624, 664, 685, 698
Melanoplus cinereus cinereus
529
Melanoplus confusus
39, 443
Melanoplus dawsoni
56
Melanoplus differentialis (differential
grasshopper » 65, 98, 338, 390, 430,
43, 521, 606, 607, 685, 698
Melanoplus femurrubrum (redlegged grass-
hopper) 64, 65, 98, 117, 362, 382, 390,
413, 439, 457, 465, 477, 486, 521, 530,
546, 558, 583, 606, 624, 685, 698
Melanoplus franciscanus
65
Melanoplus keeleri
13
Melanoplus occidentalis
338
Melanoplus packardii (Packard grasshopper)
a 117, 330, 390, 443, 465, 506, 530,
Melanoplus sanguinipes (migratory grass-
hopper) 6k, 3, yey Aes 225
309, 322, 338, 361, 362, 390, 391, 42,
413, 429, 430, 443, 457, 465, 477, 486,
506, 529, 530, 546, 565, 624, 664, 698
Melanoplus yarrowii
ees
5
Melanotus communis (a wireworm)
Ok, 278, 351
Melastoma borer
(Selca brunella)
Melipotis indomita (a noctuid moth)
I7, 168, 216, 232, 273, 310, 323, 431,
T87, 603, 686, 754
Melon aphid
(Aphis gossypii)
Melon fly
Dacus cucurbitae)
Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked)
272
Melormenis antillarium (a flatid bug)
WG, 392
Merchant grain beetle
(Oryzaephilus mercator)
Mermiria bivittata maculipennis
(a grasshopper ) 529
Meromyza americana (wheat stem maggot )
303, 351
Metaseiulus occidentalis (a phytoseiid
mite 0, 60
Meteorus laphygmae (a braconid wasp)
273, 183
Metrioptera roeselii (a grasshopper )
1, 519
Mexican bean beetle
(Epilachna varivestis)
Miccotrogus picirostris (clover seed
Saad) 353 (
Microctonus aethiops (a braconid wasp
179, 429, 431, 498
Microctonus colesi
179, 231, 232
Microlarinus lare i (a puncturevine
"Seed weevil) 175, a6, 431, 502, 505
Microlarinus lypriformis (a puncturevine
Tstem weevil) 49, 232, 323, 334, 337,
K67, 546, 550, 585
Migratory grasshopper
(Melanoplus sanguinipes )
Mimosa webworm
(Homadaula anisocentra)
Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig aphid)
321
Mocis latipes (a grassworm)
Monarthropalpus buxi (boxwood leafminer)
157
Monarthrum fasciatum (a bark beetle)
15
Monellia spp. (yellow aphids)
2,
Monellia costalis (blackmargined aphid)
15%, 387, 461, 662, 682
Momsuianses nigropunctata (an aphid)
154
Monkeypod moth
(Polydesma umbricola)
Monocesta coryli (larger elm leaf beetle)
563, 501
Monoctenus melliceps (a juniper sawfly)
0, 463
Monodontomerus dentipes (a torymid wasp)
307
Montandoniola moraguesi (an anthocorid
bug) 532
Mormon cricket
(Anabrus simplex)
Mosquitoes
163) 215, 230, 256, 272, 281, 321, 337,
360, 363, 389, 411, 428, 4he, 463, 485,
505, 528, 545, 564, 579, 606, 623, 641,
663, 664, 683, 697, 764
Mottled tortoise beetle
(Deloyala guttata)
Mountain pine beetle
(Dendroctonus ponderosae)
Mourningcloak butterfly
(Nymphalis antiopa)
Mulberry whitefly
(Tetraleurodes mori)
Musca autumnalis (face fly)
Way, Tre; E75, 245, 356, 360, 389, 410,
428, Wie, 163, 484, 504, 527, 545, 563,
579, 581, 605, 610, 622, 640, 641, 643,
663, 697, THO
a domestica (house fly)
Lop ly Bly 532
M ee ee coryli (filbert aphid)
213
Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphid)
306
Myzus ersicae (green peach epnig)
19, 1, sae Le 108, 123, 138, 139,
ie, 1 8, 191, 255, 306, 355, 407,
hid, Te: ee 460, 479, 180, 481, 501,
502, 523, 52h, 542, 561, 578, 619, 620,
621, 644, 680, 739, 751
Nabis spp. (damsel bugs)
80, 110, 231, 623, 62h
Nabis americoferis
623
Nantucket pine tip moth
(Rhyacionia frustrana)
Narrow winged katydid
(Hlimaea punctifera)
Native elm bark beetle
(Hylurgopinus rufipes)
Navel orangeworm
(Paramyelois transitella)
Neacoryphus bicrucis (a lygaeid bug)
14, 45, 99, TOL
= whe
Necrobia ruficollis (redshouldered ham
beetle) 7
Nematus abbottii (a sawfly)
y Be
He rion spp. (conifer sawflies)
169, WO, Zils Bor sore
Neodiprion excitans
169, 170, 765, 761
Neodiprion lecontei (redheaded pine
sawfly) 484, 504
Neodiprion nanulus nanulus (red pine
sawfly) 09
Neodiprion pratti banksianae (jack pine
sawfly) 169, 170, 427
Neodiprion pratti pratti
271, 280, 307
Neodiprion sertifer (European pine sawfly)
169, 170, 307, 335, 410, 605, 610
Neodiprion taedae linearis
166, 169, 170, 271, 280, 307,
310
Neolasioptera nodulosa (a cecidomyiid
midge) }09,
Neophasia menapia (pine butterfly)
05
Nesosydne koae (a delphacid planthopper )
754
Neurocolpus nubilis (clouded plant bug)
159, 160, L79, ¥81
Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug)
19, 4b, 119, 149, 258, 323, 339, 414,
423, 467, 531, 617, 660, 711, 750, 767
Nicentrus saccharinus (a sugarcane weevil)
U31, 475
Noctuid moths
57, 60
Nomia melanderi (alkali bee)
~ 180
Norape ovina (a megalopygid moth)
ae
Northern cattle grub
(Hypoderma bovis)
‘Northern corn rootworm
(Diabrotica longicornis)
Northern fowl mite
(Ornithonyssus sylviarum)
Northern house mosquito
(Culex pipiens pipiens)
Northern masked chafer
(Cyclocephala borealis)
Notoedres douglasi (an itch mite)
Th Ly
Nuculaspis californica (black pineleaf
ea 739
—- phaeorrhoea (browntail moth)
Se antiopa (mourningeloak
butterfly) 230
Nysius ericae (false chinch bug)
318
oO
Oak leaftier
(Croesia albicomana)
Oak skeletonizer
(Buceulatrix ainsliella)
Oberea bimaculata (raspberry cane borer)
162
Obscure scale
(Melanaspis obscura)
Octotoma scabripennis (lantana leaf
beetle) 531
Odontopus calceatus (a leafmining weevil)
261, 308
Oedaleonotus enigma (a grasshopper)
, 282, 309, 336, 361, 362, 412, 443,
T60, 465, 529
Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly)
230
Oldhouse borer
(Hylotrupes bajulus)
Olesicoceus coccidivora (a cicidomyiid
Midge) 20
Oligonychus spp. (spider mites)
7
Oligonychus aceris
321
Oligonychus bicolor
386, 387
Oligonychus ilicis (southern red mite)
386, 367
Oligonychus mangiferus
15
Oligonychus pratensis (Banks grass mite)
89, 95, 96, 99, 179, 218, 268, 382, 423,
pe 520, 539, 557, 575, 599, 615, 634,
Oligonychus ununguis (spruce spider mite)
192,
Oligosita sp. (a trichogrammatid wasp)
567
Olive scale
(Parlatoria oleae)
Oncideres cingulata (twig girdler)
697; ToL
Onion maggot
(Hylemya antiqua)
Onion thrips
(Thrips tabaci)
oie aee! . kuwanai (an encyrtid wasp)
65; 643, 664, 698, 713, 725
Opeia obscura (a SSE
’ 6
Opius spp. (braconid wasps)
U5, 61, 131, 258, 531, 644, 754
Opius cereus
i79
Opius importatus
4g, 258, 310, 507, 644, 754, 767, 784
Opius phaseoli
U9, 131, 258, 310, 507, 644, 767, 784
Orangestriped oakworm
(Anisota senatoria)
a chalybeus (steelblue lady beetle)
ae rindgei (a liparid moth)
179, 182
Oriental fruit fly
(Dacus dorsalis)
Oriental fruit moth
(Grapholitha molesta)
Orius spp- (flower bugs)
180
Orius insidiosus
231
Ornithonyssus sylviarum (northern fowl
ate) 272, Zi, Tou
zaephilus mercator (merchant grain
Sa ES: ra a
Oryzaephilus surinamensis (sawtoothed
grain beetle 20,
QOstrinia nubilalis (European corn borer)
Wea ee BOs Beh Beh Moe 1a,
iB ihs 138, 140, 145, 239, 268, 277, 302,
318, 320, 330, 350-351, 382, 386, 402,
422-403, 437-438, 454-455, h75- 476,
481, 496-497, 510-511, 519-520, 538,
555, 561, 575, 583, 598, 610, 615, 634,
658, 665, 677, 693, 709-710, 711, 714,
749. Light traps: 247, 263, 274, 284,
311-312, 324, 340-341, 364-365, 393-
394, 416-417, 432-433, 446-447, 468-
469, 488-489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-
549, 568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-
627, 645-646, 667-668, 687, 700
Otobius megnini (ear tick)
DELTohmoe35 ee 780 '
Hee melanopus (cereal leaf beetle
TDs 2h5, 256, 272, 282, 309, 310,
323, Tees SE 361, Sifabs 378, 386, 390,
1-42, 415, 4e9, 460, 464, 481, 485,
529, 582
Oystershell scale
(Lepidosaphes ulmi)
= 15 =
Pachysomoides stupidus (an ichneumon
wasp) 33, 414
Pacific beetle cockroach
(Diploptera punctata)
Pacific spider mite
(Tetranychus pacificus)
Packard grasshopper
(Melanoplus packardii)
Paleacrita vernata (spring cankerworm)
109, 129, 172, 255, 271, 336, 359, 388
Pale western cutworm
(Agrotis orthogonia)
Palmicultor palmarum palmarum (palm mealybug)
19
Palm leaf skeletonizer
(Homaledra sabalella)
Palm mealybug
(Palmicultor palm
Pangaeus bilin i =a Dae stink
bug
Panon: = ecitri (citrus red mite)
2578s (9) LOSS, LeCR IGS pamGoreenee
ohh, 270, 306, 357, 408, 461, 482, 526,
580, 638
Panonychus ulmi (European red mite)
60, 150, 151, 229, 243, 255, 280, 335,
387, 108 , h27, 4u1, 461, 482, 525, 562,
580, 639
Pantomorus cervinus (Fuller rose beetle)
20, 149, 71
Pantomorus taeniatulus (a weevil)
762
Papaipema nebris (stalk borer)
93, 351 a
Papilio polyxenes ae black
swallowtail) 637, 643
Papilio xuthus —- butterfly)
7, 11, 45, 61, 111, 149, 168, 363, 431,
487, 585, 603, 783
Paraclemensia acerifoliella (maple
leafeutter) 3
Paralobesia liriodendrana {an olethreutid
moth) Uys, aS}
Paralobesia Ss (grape berry moth)
155, 358;
Paramyelois ie (navel
orangeworm) 154, 765
Parasitic wasps)
781
Paratrioza cockerelli (potato psyllid)
22
Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) |
T5L, 158 ( ) 4
Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale
~ 42, 79, 128, 165, 213, 270, 306, 358,
409, h62, 483, 526, 580, 638
== eoinonte (a leptopodid bug)
eae luna (a mymarid wasp)
781, Olle
Pea aphid
(Acyrthosiphon pisum)
Peachtree borer
(Sanninoidea exitiosa)
Peach twig borer
(Anarsia lineatella)
Pea leaf weevil
(Sitona lineatus)
Pealius hibisci (a whitefly)
2
Pearleaf blister mite
(Phytoptus pyri)
Pear psylla
(Psylla pyricola)
Pear rust mite
(Epitrimerus pyri)
Pearslug
(Caliroa cerasi)
Pea weevil
(Bruchus pisorum)
Pecan nut casebearer
(Acrobasis caryae)
Pecan phylloxera
(Phylloxera devastatrix)
Pecan spittlebug
(Clastoptera achatina)
Pecan weevil
(Curculio caryae)
Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm)
6, 33, 43, 66, 194, 265, 257, 362, bbb,
448-150, 466, 506, 530, 547, 566, 58h,
607, 624, 642, 665, 685, 698, 713, 726,
T41, 753, 766
Pediasis mutabilis (a sod webworm)
599
Penthaleus major (winter grain mite)
Kk, 97, 107, 127, 145, 163, 190
Pepper weevil
(Anthonomus eugenii)
Peregrinus maidis (corn planthopper )
ish, 273, 283, 487, 666, 714, 783
Pericyma cruegeri (a noectuid moth)
11, 15, 45
Peridroma saucia (variegated cutworm)
138, 140, 269, 304, 332, 44o, 501, 523,
542, 558, 560, 578, 637- Light traps:
CPecIM nbn sie AGG ee I7,W233) Bl, 1263)
274, 284, 311, 324, 340-341, 364-365,
393-394, 416-417, 432-433, 4b6-4h7, 468-
469, 488-489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549,
568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-
646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, 742,
(63
Periodical cicada
(Magicicada septendecim)
Perkinsiella saccharicida (sugarcane
leafhopper )
Petrobia harti (a spider mite)
5h, 550
Petrobia latens (brown wheat mite)
99, 9T, 99, 100, 145, 163, 190, 194, 211;
227. Bie Baily 253) ry 25 SOs. silts
319, 320, eee
Phalonia hospes (banded sunflower moth
qk, 619
Phanaeus vindex (a scarab)
Tat, 415
Phenacaspis cockerelli (an armored scale)
20, =e 2h6, 686, 763
Phenacaspis heterophyllae (an armored
scale) 780, 782
Phenacoccus aceris (apple mealybug)
15
Phenacoceus solani (a mealybug)
763
Philaenus spumarius (meadow spittlebug)
2bI, 304, 307, 319, 326, 332, 405, 616,
694, 723
Phlegetonia delatrix (a noctuid moth)
Bi6, TOT
Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum (a grass-
hopper) 65, 330, 430, 685, 698
Phloeotribus dentifrons (a bark beetle)
5
Phoebis sennae (a pierid butterfly)
15, 15
Phorodon humuli (hop aphid)
fe)
Phrydiuchus tau (a weevil)
179, 765 :
Phryganidia californica (California
oakworm) 255
Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuberworm)
138, 323, 751
Phyllobius oblongus (a weevil)
192, 19%
Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus rust mite)
DE Tels wiles SUSaIp 165, 213, 243, 270,
306, 357, 408, 461, 482, 525, 580, 638
Eee 8 spp. (white grubs)
TT, 495, 521
Phyllophaga fimbripes
98
- 16 -
Phyllotreta cruciferae (a cabbage flea
beetle) 333
Phylloxera devastatrix (pecan phylloxera)
I5h
Phylloxera vitifoliae (grape phylloxera)
155, 462, 779, ie
Physokermes piceae (spruce bud scale
5; 119, 561, 562
Phytoptus pyri (pearleaf blister mite)
503 ~
Phytoseiid mites
606 (
Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm)
131, Tho, She
Pikonema alaskensis (yellowheaded spruce
sawfly) 427
Pine butterfly
(Neophasia menapia)
Pine chafer
(Anomala oblivia)
Pine needle sheathminer
(Zelleria haimbachi)
Pine root collar weevil
(Hylobius radicis)
Pine spittlebug
(Aphrophora parallela)
Pine tube moth
(Argyrotaenia pinatubana)
Pine tussock moth
(Dasychira plagiata)
Pineus pini (an adelgid)
7, 20, 45, 47, 258, 727, 767
Pink bollworm
(Pectinophora gossypiella
Pinnaspis aspidistrae (fern scale)
719, 182
Pinyonia edulicola (a cecidomyiid midge)
15
Pissodes strobi (white pine weevil)
763, 7
Pitch pine tip moth
(Rhyacionia rigidana)
Plagiohammus spinipennis (a lantana
cerambycid) 61, 392, 727
Plant bugs
406
Plathypena scabra (green cloverworm)
558, 576, 600, 613, 616, 617, 679, 710,
722, 738
Platydema ruficorne (redhorned grain
beetle) 765
Platygaster obscuripennis (a platygasterid
wasp) IW}, Lye
Platynota flavedana (a tortricid moth)
150
Platynota stultana
129, 640
Platyptilia carduidactyla (artichoke plume
moth 141
Platyptilia pica crataea (a plume moth)
09
Platytetranychus thujae (a spider mite)
350, 358
Pleolophus basizonus (an ichneumon wasp)
307
Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth)
1n8, 623, 6h, 765
Plum curculio
(Conotrachelus nenuphar)
Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth)
7, LET, 323, 339, 363, 543
Pnyxia scabiei (potato scab gnat)
10, 620, 637, 643, 680, 711
Podisus maculiventris (spined soldier bug)
aly
Podotachina sorbillans (a tachina fly)
149
Polistes spp. (vespid wasps)
33, 216, 783
Polydesma umbricola (monkeypod moth)
AT, 310, 323
Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite)
431, 567
Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle)
Os 273, 322; 338, 362, 391, 413, 415,
430, 460, 465-466, 486, 506, 530, 547,
565-566, 584, 642, 665, 685
Poplar-and-willow borer
(Cryptorhynchus lapathi
Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth)
15, 65, 181, 196, 197, 257, 273, 282,
309, 362, eae Yuh, 465, 486,
506, 547, 561, 565, 583, 642, 664, 665,
688-689, 698, 713, 717-718, 725, 782
Potato aphid
(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)
Potato flea beetle
(Epitrix cucumeris)
Potato leafhopper
(Empoasea fabae)
Potato psyllid
(Paratrioza cockerelli)
Potato tuberworm
(Phthorimaea operculella)
Precis coenia (a nymphalid butterfly)
62h
Procecidochares utilis (a gall fly)
03,
99
Prociphilus tessellatus (woolly alder
aphid) Tao)
Prosapia bicincta (twolined spittlebug)
98, 557
Protodiaspis didymus (an armored scale)
780, 752
Pesienss hila australis (a piophilid fly)
ilk 05
Dasuelelee ne unipuncta (armyworm)
3, 59, OL, 127, 189, 227, 239, 251, 277,
301, 317, 329, 349, 381, 388, 401, 437,
473, 517, 523, 531, 553, 597, 633, fel,
Tefifo Waltons rcehose Se 2h sis}, ability abouts
186, 217, 233, 247, 263, 274, 284, 311,
312, 324, 340-341, 364-365, 393-394,
416-417, 432-433, 4he-hu7, 468-469, 488-
489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549, 568-569,
586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-646, 667-
668, 687, 700, 715, 726, T42, 753
Bacmd ons clavigera (en armored scale)
96, 701
Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (cotton
fleahopper) 122, 385, 406, 425, bho,
459, 542
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white peach
scale 21
Pseudococeus comstocki (comstock mealybug)
167, 390, 465, 485, 505, 565, 579, 583,
606, 624, 684, 741
Pseudococcus longispinus (longtailed
~ mealybug) ~mealybug) 60
Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealybug)
306
Pseudoplusia includens (soybean looper)
59, co G00, 602, 617, 637, 657, 661,
680, 695
Heute yaa anomalus (a lady beetle)
a
Psilocorsis faginella (an oecophorid moth)
15, 173
Psoloessa delicatula (a grasshopper )
25T
Psorophora confinnis (a mosquito)
360, 369, 463
Psorophora signipennis
1, 643 ( )
aes equi (scab mite
Ps Si pyricola (pear psylla)
T, 108, 147, 150, 152, 230, 321, 357,
367, 427, 482, 544, 550, 712, 751
Psylla uncatoides (a psyllid)
cei
Pteromalus venustus (a pteromalid wasp)
15
Ptinus clavipes (brown spider beetle)
T1Oy TLe3L, 232
Pulvinaria ericicola (a soft scale)
15
Pulvinaria mesembryanthemi
696
SG
Purple scale
(Lepidosaphes beckii)
Puss caterpillar
(Megalopyge opercularis)
ee spp. (pyralid moths)
95, 723
suas fumalis
95
Pyrausta ochosalis
695
Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle)
129, 147, 149, 173, 192, 194, 230, ahh,
245, 271, 321, 336, 359, 388, 4 48h,
526, 544, 561, ee 605, 621, 682, 685,
712
Q
Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose
ee) Ti, 60, 152, 525, 580, 604, 72h
Quadraspidiotus coneaad (an armored e@aie)
780, 762
Range caterpillar
(Hemileuca oliviae)
Range crane fly
(Tipula simplex)
Raspberry cane borer
(Oberea bimaculata)
Raspberry crown borer
(Bembecia marginata)
Redbacked cutworm
(Buxoa ochrogaster)
Redbanded leafroller
(Argyrotaenia velutinana)
Redbanded thrips
(Selenothrips rubrocinctus)
Red flour beetle
(Tribolium castaneum)
Redheaded pine sawfly
(Neodiprion lecontei)
Red-horned grain beetle
Platydema ruficorne)
Redhumped caterpillar
(Schizura concinna)
Red imported fire ant
Solenopsis invicta)
Redlegged grasshopper
Melanoplus femurrubrum)
Rednecked peanutworm
Stegasta bosqueella)
Red pine sawfly
(Neodiprion nanulus nanulus)
Redshouldered ham beetle
Necrobia ruficollis)
Reticulitermes spp. (subterranean termites) |
109
Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern
subterranean termite) 32, 109, 178
Reticulitermes hesperus (western
subterranean termite 130
Reticulitermes tibialis (a subterranean
termite) Oca
Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly)
153, 357
Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk fly)
15k, 54h
Rhagoletis indifferens (western cherry
fruit fly) B53F 306, 357
Rhagoletis mendax mendax (blueberry maggot)
bp 32 ( )
= ae omonella (apple maggot
387, 562, 60 i
ae Tus conicus (a weevil)
505, 60k
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)
) 7
Rhodesgrass scale
(Antonina graminis)
Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain aphid)
185, SBS) Csby 2s Ta, Tel, WM
Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid)
1, 46, 85, 178, 268, 277, 302, 329,
349, 363, bot ter, 437, 453, 473, lok,
517, 531, 537, 554, 573, 597, 613, 633,
666, 693, 721, 761
Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (waterlily aphid)
ni TAS 666
Rhopalos iphum padi (an aphid)
Dt) LOT, 1, 163, 189
Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine shoot
moth) 696
Rhyacionia bushnelli (an olethreutid moth)
15, 170, 503, 544, 739
Rhyacionia frustrana (Nantucket pine tip
moth) 109, 192, 335,.763, 779
Rhyacionia rigidana (pitch pine tip moth)
15
Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer)
TOL
Rice weevil
(Sitophilus oryzae)
Ricoseius loxocheles (a phytoseiid mite)
ISS Le As
Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia)
2, 62
Rosy apple aphid
(Dysaphis plantaginea)
Rosy predator snail
(Buglandina rosea)
Roundheaded pine beetle
(Dendroctonus adjunctus)
Rumina decollata (a snail)
a)
Ss
Saddled prominent
(Heterocampa guttivitta)
Sagebrush defoliator
(Aroga websteri)
Saissetia coffeae (hemispherical scale)
335
Saissetia miranda (a soft scale)
2
Saissetia nigra (a soft scale)
co cae
Saissetia oleae (black scale)
25,79; 1295155, 165, 213, 243, 270,
307, 358, 408, 461, 482, 526, 580, 638
Saltmarsh eatempallas
(Estigmene acrea)
Saltmarsh mosquito
(Aedes sollicitans)
Sanbornia juniperi (an aphid
719, 782
San Jose scale
(Quadraspidiotus perniciosus)
Sanninoidea exitiosa (peachtree borer)
B2yyL50) ake, 335, 638, 72k
Saratoga spittlebug
(Aphrophora saratogensis)
Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite)
ye
Sawflies
169, 196, 197
Sawtoothed grain beetle
(Oryzaephilus surinamensis )
Seab mite
(Psoroptes equi)
Sceptrothelys grandiclava (a pteromalid
wasp) aks oe 782
Sghile xoweres americana (American
grasshopper) 98, 403
Schistocerca vaga (vagrant grasshopper )
"6S
Schizaphis graminum (greenbug)
35 5p Ls Gia, FS) Ti els 1155 los
Milo; 127, 155 163, 178, 179, 189, Bila.
227, 239, 251, 302, 317, 39, 350, 381,
401-402, 415, 4e1- hop, 437, 44s, 153.
45h, 460, 464, 473-474, 481, 494-495,
o 13}<
505, 518, 537, 554, 597, 613, 633, 643,
657, 677, 693, 709, 721, 737, 749, 761,
TT
Schizura concinna (redhumped caterpillar)
562
Schreckensteinia festaliella (a heliodini
moth 232, 505
Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips )
108, 155) 166, 21k, Wha
desis s inermis “Uz thrips )
3, 502, 503
Scobicia declivis (leadcable borer)
11
Scolia dubia (a scoliid wasp)
698, 7oL
Scolytus spp. (fir engravers)
195
Scolytus oa (smaller European
elm bark beetle) 173, 386, 388, 462,
605
Scolytus rugulosus (shothole borer)
525, 580
Scolytus ventralis (fir engraver)
195
ee
(Cochliomyia hominivorax)
Scutigerella sees garden
symphylan) 562...
us spp. cee beetles)
ate
Scyphophorus acupunctatus (a weevil)
230, 232
ee maggot
(Hylemya latura)
Selca brunella (melastoma borer)
Bi TIT, 232, 339, 392, 467, 585, 64h,
Selenothrips rubrocinctus (redbanded
thrips) 686
a santaremaria (a geometrid moth)
> 2h6, 273, 625, 754
Seine macropus (a sciomyzid fly)
531
Sepedon n. sp
Tet
Sepedon sauteri (a sciomyzid fly)
14, 531, 727
Serpentine leafminer
Liriomyza brassicae)
Sheep bot fly
Oestrus ovis)
Sheep ked
Melophagus ovinus)
Shortnosed cattle louse
(Haematopinus eurysternus )
Shothole borer
Scolytus rugulosus)
Similium spp. (black flies)
683
Simulium congareenarum (a whitestockinged
black fly) 74, 177
Simulium jenningsi
683
Simulium slossonae
17k, 177
Simulium venustum
ITT, 282, 428, 683
Sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid
L76,
Sitene lineatus (pea leaf weevil)
EEO) Seion 146, 305, 310, 320, 386, 521, 524,
557, 561
Sitone scissifrons (a weevil)
sieeustng oryzae (rice weevil)
999, Fes
Sitotroga ee (Angoumois grain
moth) 148
Sixspotted mite
(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus )
Smaller European elm bark beetle
(Scolytus multistriatus )
Solenopsis spp. (fire ants)
61, 765
. (a marsh fly)
Solenopsis geminata (fire ant)
750
Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant)
215, 309, 310, 356, 362, 579, 584, 782
Solenopsis saevissima richteri (imported
fire ant) 6, 33, 61, 66, 103
Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire ant)
lll, 623
Sorghum midge
(Contarinia sorghicola)
Sorghum webworm
(Celama sorghiella)
Sourbush seed fly
(Acinia picturata)
South African emex weevil
(Apion antiquum)
Southern chinch bug
(Blissus insularis)
Southern corn rootworm
(Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)
Southern cornstalk borer
(Diatraea crambidoides)
Southern fire ant
(Solenopsis xyloni)
Southern green stink bug
(Nezara viridula)
Southern house mosquito
(Culex pipiens quingquefasciatus )
Southern pine beetle
(Dendroctonus frontalis)
Southern pine root weevil
(Hylobius aliradicis)
Southern potato wireworm
(Conoderus falli)
Southern red mite
(Oligonychus ilicis)
Southwestern corn borer
(Diatraea grandiosella)
Soybean cyst nematode
(Heterodera glycines)
Soybean looper
(Pseudoplusia includens)
Spathimeigenia spinigera (a tachina fly)
765
Spharagemon collare (a grasshopper )
529
Sphenophorus spp. (billbugs)
gh
Sphenophorus callosus (a billbug)
oh
Sphenophorus cicatristriatus (a billbug)
136
Sphenophorus maidis (maize billbug)
ok, 227, 251
Sphenophorus parvulus (bluegrass billbug)
98, 239, 438, 498, 520, 557, 576, 615
Spicaria (fungus)
Spilococcus ventralis (a mealybug)
130
Spined soldier bug
(Podisus maculiventris)
Spiny oakworm
(Anisota stigma)
Spirea aphid
(Aphis spiraecola)
Spissistilus festinus (threecornered
alfalfa hopper) 41, 120, 146, 42h, 616,
738, 762
Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm)
TeeOpmses Tis, Tah Abst Sitsis)4 aula. alent,
229, 242, 253, 332, 335, 354, 45, 467,
507, del, 557-558, 567, Difilis Did) 600,
603, 617, 618, 619, 620, 661, 666, 678,
681, 686, 695, 71l, 767, 778- Light
traps: 9, 233, 247, 263, 274, 284, 311,
324, 3h0, 364, 393-394, 432-433, 69,
488, 508-509, 532, 548-549, 568-569,
587, 608, 626-627, 645-646, 667-668,
687, 700, 715, 726, fae 753
Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm
89, 92, 96, 239, 277, 438, 456, 493,
to7, 498, 521, 523, 539, 553, 556, 557,
575, 5179, 599, 615, 618, 633, 635, 659,
678, 679, 694, 710, 722, 737, 750.
= 16) =
Light traps: 9, 33, 324, 340, 364,
393, 416, 432, 446, 468-469, 488-489,
508-509, 532, 548-549, 568-569, 586-
587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-646, 667-
668, 687, 700, 715, 726, TH2, 753
Spodoptera mauritia (lawn armyworm)
283
Spodoptera ornithogalli (yellowstriped
a mE a Light traps: i
9, 21, 33, Tl, 131, 186, aljpeasea eal
263, 274, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364-364,
393-394, 416-417, 432-433, 4k6, 4e8- ki
469, 488-489, 508-509, 532-533, 548-549,
568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-
646, 667-668, 687, 700, 715, 726, THe, |
153 i
Spodoptera praefica (western yellowstriped
armyworm) 140, 229, 331, 477, 481, 499,
524, 600
Spotted alfalfa aphid
(Therioaphis maculata)
Spotted asparagus beetle
(Crioceris duodecimpunctata)
Spotted cutworm
(Amathes c-nigrum)
Spring cankerworm
(Paleacrita vernata)
Spruce beetle 7
(Dendroctonus rufipennis) :
Spruce bud scale :
(Physokermes piceae) hi
Spruce budworm ‘
(Choristoneura fumiferana) oh
Spruce spider mite SS
(Oligonychus ununguis )
Stable fly Hi
(Stomoxys calcitrans) d
Stalk borer
(Papaipema nebris)
Steelblue lady beetle (Orcus chalybeus)
47
Stegasta bosqueella (rednecked peanutworm)
78, 558, 577, 618, 11, 723
Steneotarsonemus pallidus (cyclamen mite)
166
a pyrioides (azalea lace bug)
307, 69
Stephanitis takeyai (a lace bug)
604, 610, 620, 621, 682, 685, 763
Stethorus sp. (a lady beetle)
179, 219, 564 ( )
Stethorus picipes (a lady beetle
606
Stink bugs
617
Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly)
167, 174, 177, 215, 245, 308, 389, 411,
4ue, 485, 504, 528, 545, 564, 582, 606,
623, 641, 663, 683, 697, 713, 753
Striped blister beetle
(Epicauta vittata)
Striped cucumber beetle
(Acalymma vittata)
Strauzia longipennis (sunflower maggot )
12
Strawberry spider mite
(@etranychus turkestani)
Strawberry weevil
(Anthonomus signatus)
Strigoderma arboricola (a scarab)
193
Striped horse fly
(Tabanus lineola) 4
oS melinus (cotton square borer) P
260
nani
2
v
it
‘
Sugarbeet root maggot fy
(Tetanops myopaeformis) 4
Sugarcane aphid ;
(Longiunguis sacchari) 2
Sugarcane borer |
(Diatraea saccharalis)
Sugarcane leafhopper
(Perkinsiella saccharicida)
Sugarcane leafroller
(Hedylepta accepta)
Sunflower beetle
(Zygogramma exclamationis)
Sunflower blossom midge
(Contarinia schulzi)
Sunflower maggot
(Strauzia longipennis )
Sunflower moth
(Homoeosoma electellum)
Swallowtail butterfly
(Papilio xuthus)
Sweetpotato flea beetle
(Chaetoenema confinis)
Sweetpotato leaf beetle
(Typophorus nigritus viridicyaneus )
Sweetpotato leafminer
(Bedellia orchilella)
Sweetpotato weevil
(Cylas formicarius elegantulus )
Sycamore lace bug
(Corythucha ciliata)
Symmerista albifrons (a notodontid moth)
152, 15
Symmerista canicosta (a notodontid moth)
Imi, 197, M62, 5eT
Sympiesis viridula (a eulophid wasp)
519, 620
Synanthedon pictipes (lesser peachtree
borer BORD O)
T
Tabanus spp. (tabanid flies)
30
Tabanus abactor
30:
Tabanus americanus
308
Tabanus atratus (black horse fly)
428
Tabanus cymatophorus
16
Tabanus lineola (striped horse fly)
308
Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (apple
curculio) 335
Taeniothrips hawaiiensis (Hawaiian thrips)
1h9
Tahitian coconut weevil
(Diocalandra taitensis)
Takecallis arundinariae (a bamboo aphid)
Tog, 415
Tarnished plant bug
(Lygus lineolaris)
Taro leafhopper
(Tarophagus proserpina)
(taro leafhopper )
ae proserpina
45,
Tathorhynchus angustiorata (a noctuid
moth) 730
Taxodiomyia cupressiananassa (a gall
midge) L47, 149
Tea scale
(Fiorinia theae)
Teleonemia scrupulosa (lantana lace bug)
283, 431
Telsimia nitida (a lady beetle)
WB, 61, 131, 363, 543, 644, 666
Tetanops myopaeformis (sugarbeet root
maggot) 123, 279, 354, 355, 426, 501
Tetraleurodes mori (mulberry whitefly)
ent, 245
Tetralopha asperatella (a pyralid moth)
lo, 173
Tetralopha militella (a pyralid moth)
16, 173
Tetranychus spp. (spider mites)
191, 354, 499
Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider
eo) 1, 45, 80, 89, 96, 131, 232, 333,
467, 531, 699, T6T
Tetranychus medanieli (McDaniel spider
mee) 213, 306, 606
= 20) =
Tetranychus pacificus (Pacific spider
aieey 118, 406
Tetranychus tumidus (tumid spider mite)
339
Tetranychus turkestani (strawberry spider
ae) ake, 336
Tetranychus urticae (twospotted spider
mite Ti, 89, 96, 120, 12, 156, 166,
192, 333, 403, 406, 408, 476, 479, 480,
502, 523, 52h, Pe 5HO, 544, 557, 575,
21
577, 601, 618,
Tetrastichus sp.
781
Tetrastichus haitiensis
ST
Tetrastichus incertus
179, 193
Tetrastichus julis
STL hie, 415, 60, 464, 528, 561, 579,
582
Texas citrus mite
(Eutetranychus banksi)
Therioaphis maculata (spotted alfalfa
aphid) 3, 19, 41, 59, 77, 81, 88, 107,
127, 145, 163, 178, 189, 211, 227, 239,
2h1, 251, 253,. 277, 302, 330, 350, 404,
422, 437, 454, 460, 474, 495, 519, 538,
555, 564, 574, 579, 598, 614, 634, 657,
665, 693, 709, 721, 737, TH9
Threecornered alfalfa hopper
(Spissistilus festinus)
Threelined potato beetle
(Lema trilineata)
Threestriped blister beetle
(Epicauta lemiscata)
Thrips
128 eee ;
Thrips tabaci (onion thrips
33, iit, 253, 339, 487, 699, 727
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (bagworm)
109, 156, aun, 387, 183, 504, 527
Thysanopyga intractata (a geometrid moth)
763, 119, Tee
Tinocallis caryaefoliae (black pecan
aphid) 155, 525, 562, 604, 638, 662,
682, 712, 72h
Tinocallis kahawaluokalani (crapemyrtle
aphid) 712 )
Tipula paludosa (European crane fly
ale oh, 309, 565, 642, 664, 698, 741,
765
Tipula simplex (range crane fly
146
Tobacco budworm
(Heliothis virescens)
Tobacco flea beetle
(Epitrix hirtipennis)
Tobacco hornworm
(Manduca sexta)
Tobacco moth
(Ephestia elutella)
Tobacco thrips
(Frankliniella fusca)
Tomato hornworm
(Manduca quinquemaculata)
Tomato pinworm
(Keiferia lycopersicella)
Tomato russet mite
(Aculops lycopersici)
Tomicus piniperda (a bark beetle)
23h
Toxoptera aurantii (black citrus aphid)
Ths, 487
Toxoptera citricida (brow citrus aphid)
Uy
Trachyrhachys kiowa (a grasshopper)
65, TL
Transverse lady beetle
(Coccinella transversoguttata)
Trathala flavo-orbitalis (ae ichneumon
wasp) 467, 603, 753
Trialeurodes abutilonea (bandedwing
whitefly) 119, 120, 122, 479, 481, 578,
601, 602, 610, 619, 661, 695, 696, 750
Trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse
whitefly) Lh, W6, lll, 168, 194, 246,
oe: 363, 392, 4h5, 543, 567, 666, 699,
183
Tribolium audax (American black flour
beetle) 225 213}
Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle)
Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle)
20, 43, 80
Trichogramma spp. (minute egg parasites)
363, 431, 603
Trichogramma semifumatum (a minute egg
parasite) 543
Trichomalus statutus (a pteromalid wasp)
ial
Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)
i I 59, 60, Tgis), Wo), hil, alis}e), weil, GYoils:
567, 578, 579, 600, 602, 619, 620, 636,
637, 657, 660, 661, 680, 681, 695, 711,
7235 fol. Light traps: 186, 27, 2335
247, 263, 274, 284, 311, 324, 340, 364-
365, 393-394, 417, 432-433, 4ho, 468-
469, 188-489, 508-509, 532-533; 548-5h9,
568-569, 586-587, 608-609, 626-627, 645-
646, 667-668 , 687, 700, 715, 726, 153}
Trichopoda pennipes (a tachina fly)
256, 339, ib, Lé7
Trichopoda pennipes pilipes (a tachina
fly) 767, 7
Trichopoda pennipes var. pilipes
a tachina fy) 149
Trimerotropis latifasciata (a grasshopper)
929
Trimerotropis strenua (a grasshopper)
561
Trioxys pallidus (a braconid)
179.
Trissolcus basalis (a scelionid wasp)
Wh, 339, 531 (
Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle
512-513, @28-650, 647-653
Tropidosteptes spp. (plant bugs)
281
Tropidosteptes illitus
BBL
Tropidosteptes pacificus
281, 527
Tulip bulb aphid
(Dysaphis tulipae)
Tumid spider mite
(Tetranychus tumidus)
Twicestabbed lady beetle
(Chilocorus stigma)
Twig girdler
(Oncideres cingulata)
Twolined spittlebug
(Prosapia bicincta)
Twospotted lady beetle
(Adalia bipunctata)
Twospotted spider mite
(Tetranychus urticae)
Twostriped grasshopper
(Melanoplus bivittatus)
Typhlodromus sp. (a phytoseiid mite)
213
Tes nigritus viridicyaneus
sweetpotato leaf beetle) 603
ia jacobaeae (a cinnabar moth)
180, 505
Tytthus mundulus (cane leafhopper egg
sucker) 46, 487, 714
U
Unaspis citri (an armored scale)
12, 79, 108, 129, 165, 213, 243, 270,
307, 358, 409, 461, 482, 526, 580, 638,
763
Uroplata girardi (lantana hispid)
111, 283, 431
Senbes
Utabaenetes tanneri (a mole cricket)
331, 33
Vv
Vagrant grasshopper
(Schistocerca vaga)
Variable oakleaf caterpillar
(Heterocampa manteo)
Variegated cutworm
(Peridroma saucia)
Veda.ia
(Rodolia cardinalis)
Vegetable leafminer
(Liriomyza munda)
Vegetable weevil
(Listroderes costirostris obliquus)
Velataspis dentata (a diaspidid scale)
763
Velvetbean caterpillar
(Anticarsia gemmatalis)
Vert © rugosula oralis (a land snail)
16
Vexans mosquito
(Aedes vexans nocturnus)
Vogtia malloi (a phycitid moth) :
180
WwW
Walkingstick
(Diapheromera femorata)
Walnut aphid
(Chromaphis juglandicola)
Walnut caterpillar
(Datana integerrima)
Walnut husk fly
(Rhagoletis completa)
Waterlily aphid
(Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae )
Weevils
684.
Western bean cutworm
(Loxagrotis albicosta)
Western blackheaded budworm
(Acleris gloverana)
Western cherry fruit fly
(Rhagoletis indifferens)
Western corn rootworm
(Diabrotica virgifera)
Western flower thrips
(Frankliniella occidentalis)
Western grapeleaf skeletonizer
(Harrisina brillians)
Western spotted cucumber beetle
(Diabrotica undecimpunctata
\ undecimpunctata
Western spruce budworm
(Chorisoneura occidentalis )
Western subterranean termite
(Reticulitermes hesperus )
Western tent caterpillar
(Malacosoma californicum)
Western tussock moth
(Hemerocampa vetusta)
Western yellowstriped armyworm
(Spodoptera praefica) |
West Indian sugarcane root borer
(Diaprepes abbreviatus ) :
Wheat stem maggot {
(Meromyza americana) ;
Wheat stem sawfly (
(Cephus cinctus) D
White fir needleminer
(Epinotia meritana)
Whiteflies
42, 129, 165, 213, 243, 270, 307, 358,
hog, 462, 483, 526, 581, 639
Whitefringed beetles (Graphognathus spp- )
187, 194
Whitelined sphinx
(Hyles lineata)
White peach scale
(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)
White pine aphid
(Cinara strobi)
White pine weevil
(Pissodes strobi)
Winter grain mite
(Penthaleus major)
Winter tick
(Dermacentor albipictus)
Wireworms
gh, 303
Woolly alder aphid
(Prociphilus tessellatus)
Woolly apple aphid
(Eriosoma lanigerum)
Woolly whitefly
(Aleurothrixus floccosus)
X
Xanthippus corallipes (a grasshopper )
257
Xanthopimpla punctata (an ichneumon wasp)
356, 363
Xenochalepus dorsalis (locust leafminer)
as an
Xylomyges curialis (a noctuid moth)
306
Xylosandrus compactus (a bark beetle)
Us, 4, 80
Xylosandrus germanus (a scolytid beetle)
640, 643
Y
Yellowheaded spruce sawfly
(Pikonema alaskensis)
Yellow scale
(Aonidiella citrina)
Yellowstriped armyworm
(Spodoptera ornithogalli)
Yellow sugarcane aphid
(Sipha flava)
Z
Zebra caterpillar
(Ceramica picta)
“Zelleria haimbachi (pine needle
sheathminer) 739
Zelus renardii (a reduviia)
246, 323
Zetzellia mali (a phytoseiid mite)
0
Zeuxidiplosis giardi (a cecidomyiid
ECS) 565
Zimmerman pine moth
(Dioryetria zimmermani)
Zygogramma exclamationis (sunflower
beetle) 355, 426
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