Skip to main content

Full text of "Cooperative economic insect report"

See other formats 


Historic, archived document 


Do not assume content reflects current 
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. 


© / VOL. 21 No. 16 April 16, 1971 
2 & 

: 

Coo perative 


ECONOMIC INSECT 
REPORT 


Issued by 


PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION 
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PROTECTION DIVISION 


ECONOMIC INSECT SURVEY AND DETECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued weekly 
as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents are 
compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricul- 
tural workers. In releasing this material the Division 
serves as a clearing house and does not assume responsi- 
bility for accuracy of the material. 


To facilitate mailroom handling, all reports, inquiries, 
and other matters pertaining to this release, 
including the mailing list, should be sent to: 


The Editors, CEIR 
Economic Insect Survey and Detection 
Plant Protection Division, ARS, USDA 
Federal Center Building 
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 


Volume 21 Aprils SG rae 9 fall Number 16 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


HIGHLIGHTS 


Current Conditions 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID heavy on alfalfa and BROWN WHEAT MITE heavy on wheat and 
barley in Oklahoma. (p. 260). 


AN ARMORED SCALE heavy on citrus in Florida. (p. 262). 


Parasitism by a BRACONID heavy in greenbug infested wheat in Oklahoma. (p. 264). 


Predictions 


ALFALFA WEEVIL damage expected to be heavy in Virginia (p. 261). FOREST TENT 
CATERPILLAR defoliation expected along Ohio River in West Virginia @aeZ63)r 
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE damage expected in Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware (Oe AGS ns 
MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE damage expected to continue during 1971 in South Dakota 

(p. 276). JACK PINE BUDWORM potential for heavy infestation exists in northwest 
Wisconsin (p. 277). FALL WEBWORM predicted to be heavy again in Missouri (Go), © ZASZDY 2 
FALL CANKERWORM infestations expected to be heavy in North Dakota (rn 283) 


Detection 


New State records include GREENBUG from Oregon (p. 259) and a MIDGE from 
Wyoming (p. 263). 


For new county records see page 265. 


Special Reports 
Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970. 
Ornamentals (pp. 267-271). 
Highlight Section of Forest Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970 
(pp. 271-275). 
Forest and Shade Trees (pp. 275-287). 
Contributors (p. 288). 
Distribution of Bagworm. Map. (p. 268). 


Distribution of European Pine Sawfly. Map. (p. 278). 


Some First Occurrences of Season 
pee EEE er eedsom 


ARMYWORM moths in Missouri. PEAR PSYLLA adults in Michigan and Connecticut. 
CANKERWORM moths in Michigan, North Dakota, and Connecticut. 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending April 9 unless otherwise indicated. 


- 257 - 


- 258 - 


CONTENTS 
Special “Insects of Regional (Sipnitacances. ws cece ere ee Sudhief onehoh eee nated eue 259 
Insects Affecting 
Corn), Sorghum), Sugameanes s.74 ares 260 CHULUSE AUG aapcdeues « shsyshepers: ceten eee 50 0H 
Sma sGraninshs re cis ceseeuewernovevenoneevene a2 60 Other Trop. & Subtrop. Fruits...263 
Turf, Pastures, Rangeland. Shoheone cree cboke 260 Ornamenitalisics ccc 1s'o cis nse eneneeete 263 
Konrage lepumesS. «24 acre cee cnerener eters 260 Forest and Shade Trees.......... 263 
Potatoes, Tomatoes, Peppers........ 261 Man vand vAnsimallish errs cleiversta ceenerene 264 
ColleSCrops iin fe teycices ceaiceees eee cra eee eneeee 261 Households and Structures.......264 
Deciduous Fruits and Nuts...... wie coe 
Benefie#al Insects. hiig.d eee sieves elelereneneliohelen sien sov ore Telel okelceive eltene) Gi eect eon ouster enone ar eentonen suse on ber: 264 
Rederali and Sitaite Plant sProtectione Programsyaeericlsicleicn cali iotenenoieteiene Shocetonenetarens 265 
IDKEHULeXGH Bak Oh CRAs mai mas runes ODI ablo Ga Op OOo COG On0 OO ssid: Sash Suen ehiar ees weusiien euoiewtal opewsmeretonens 265 
CorrecitiionsSpeia aucune Syds-oR% “Sila caheyeyled oe ed oLcp O48 e,. Susie sf auel sels sl oes Rokone oy USSR MGR seeM CLR: Heat Oo 
Hawatsit InSecitwRe port ak srs, oiteyee ce er ec RCI nein cece usionene f Siailecjessoslu car OESHON MSION SR OkSE NOREEN 266 
rshite hrap Cole citaionSiceerccnser Sel eRaLeepepeMe ous oaioc suspen es en eden ele caeuen eptustemene 5 eavaurevicten ire . - 266 
Summary of Insect Conditions in the ‘United States - 1970 
Ornamentals. Leen selec sejagel sholek spevon suete lob ersi swell suck aycuehey ck PCr MCR GES Mode ewctren sore REA ARO fs . 267 
Forest and Shade Trees. Mevensutiessuenie Seve tome eueder shane isn ehcasusuewe sss lociouanacohisp soswowlene con eh owen oONSEORD ONG 271 
Comer DuUtOrs rs.) accye syele cneue) were: tireitelienelolsuemeeueney ciel lolonensnco) neste: siaenatievi shia, ter ovatarieeeltensieierenst er atonome 288 
Distribution of Bagworm. Map..... aterseerar leone eee Avilstecs aeons Beare he ei tueeeuencteoe sree eh oot 268 
Distribution of European Pine Sawfly. Map....... Scie ont cenemene EES ae ION MCENROE RON OSD 15 “c 278 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING APRIL 12 


HIGHLIGHTS: Temperatures averaged above normal over the West and north-central 
parts of the Nation and cooler than normal over the East and Deep South. Little 
or no rain fell in the Southwest or over the Great Plains. Drought intensified 
in the southern Great Plains and in southern Florida. 


PRECIPITATION; Sunny, cloudless skies prevailed over most of the Nation last 
week. Rainfall totals exceeded 4 inches along portions of the Oregon coast. Light 
precipitation fell elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest. Significant rain fell 

from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast, with totals exceeding 1 inch 
along the coast from southern New England to central Florida. A large area from 
Montana to California and eastward to the Mississippi River received no rain or 
only widely scattered light sprinkles. Much of this area is becoming very dry. 
Drought in southern Florida is also intensifying. A low pressure system over the 
eastern portion of the Gulf of Mexico on Monday crossed the Florida Peninsula 

and moved northward along the Atlantic coast during the week. Rain fell and a few 
thunderstorms occurred from Mississippi to Florida and the Carolinas on Monday. 
Strong gusty winds blew along the coast. Rain fell from the lower Ohio River 
Valley to the Middle and Southern Atlantic Coastal States and heavy snow blanketed 
portions of Missouri and Illinois. Snow accumulated to 13 inches at Belleville, 
Illinois, a short distance east of St. Louis, Missouri. Heavy wet snow stalled 
traffic, closed schools, and broke trees and power lines. Snow fell from the 
Ozark Mountains to Tennessee and northeastward to New England. High winds and rain 
occurred along the northern and middle Atlantic coast. Winds gusted 50 to 60 
m.p.h. at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Tuesday and to 78 m.p.h. at Marthas 
Vineyard, Massachusetts, Wednesday. Two feet of snow covered the ground at 
Doughton Park, Virginia, and 1.5 feet had fallen at Montebello, Virginia, by noon 
Wednesday, before moving out of the country late Wednesday. A large high pressure 
moved southward over mid-America during the early part of the week. Monday, it 
was centered over southern Minnesota. By late Wednesday, it had moved to the 


Weather of the week continued on page 287. 


- 259 - 


SPECIAL INSECTS OF REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MISSOURI - Adults observed at Columbia, Boone 
County, -onmAprivacles(Craag) 


ARMY CUTWORM (Euxoa auxiliaris) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae per 10 linear feet ranged 0-3 
in most wheat in southern Garfield County; O-1l in Cleveland County field; O-5 in 
alfalfa planted last fall in Okeene area, Blaine County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 
KANSAS - Larvae 30 per 100 row feet of wheat in Comanche County field. Negative 

in wheat in other areas surveyed in southeast and south-central districts. (Bell). 
NEBRASKA - Mostly third to fifth instars averaged less than 1 per linear feet in 
35 fields in Perkins, Chase, Dundy, and Cheyenne Counties April 6 and 8. (Keith, 
Sakurada). WYOMING - Trace in 1 of 5 alfalfa fields near Wheatland, Platte 

County. (Bitner). COLORADO - Larvae ranged O-1 per linear foot of wheat in Weld, 
Larimer, and Logan Counties, Feeding damage very light to date. (Johnson). 


ASTER LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - OKLAHOMA - Leafhopper adults and 
nymphs, mainly this species, ranged 30-50 per linear foot of wheat in Oklahoma 
and Cleveland Counties. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - CALIFORNIA - Populations variable due to 
climatic conditions. Nymphs of different instars present as well as spring adults. 
About 34,948 acres of rangeland treated in Kings and Kern Counties. Pretreatment 
counts heavy and potentially damaging to croplands. Mortality counts ranged 65 
to 94 percent. Wide dispersal of overwintering leafhoppers complicated treatment 
and added to areas needing treatment. Uneven hatch and development created prob- 
lems. (Cail (Coop), Rpit.): 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MISSOURI - Ranged O-5 per linear foot of 
barley in southeast area. (Munson). NEVADA - This species and Schizaphis graminum 
(greenbug) light on barley starting to head at Las Vegas, Clark County. Infesta- 

tions had been heavier, but heavy numbers of lady beetle larvae reduced corn leaf 
aphid and greenbug populations. (Hilbig et al.). 


GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) - OREGON - Nymphs collected on volunteer barley 

in wheatfield near Helix, Umatilla County, by K.J. Goeden and R.L. Penrose, 
December 15, 1970. Specimens reared to adults in laboratory on perennial rye- 
grass. Determined by R. Berry, confirmed by L.M. Russell. This is a new State 
record. (Penrose). ARIZONA - Surveys of barley and wheat negative in Graham 
County. Population level same as period March 15-19 at Kansas Settlement and 
controls applied to 1 field at Bonita, Cochise County. (Ariz. Coop. Sur.). 

TEXAS - Ranged 10-3,000 per row foot of wheat in 8 panhandle counties on April 5. 
Heaviest count in Deaf Smith County. (Daniels) . OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1,000 per 
linear foot in wheatfield near Seiling, Dewey County. Ranged 50-150 per linear 
foot in 3 southeastern Major County fields. Ranged 3-40 per linear foot in Payne, 
Garfield, Cleveland, and Oklahoma Counties. Moderate in Kingfisher and Woodward 
Counties; light in Murray, Kay, and Texas Counties. Parasites and predators 
increased in most areas. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Averages per row foot of 
wheat by county (3 fields per county): Cherokee none; Labette none; Montgomery 
0-1; Chautauqua 0-5; Cowley O-0.7; Sumner O-1.7; Harper 1.3-3.3; Barber 0-19; 

and Comanche 0.3-0.7. (Foster). None found in wheat surveyed in Greeley, Wallace, 
Wichita, Lane, Scott, Gove, Thomas, and Ellis Counties. (Martinez). NEBRASKA - 
Negative on wheat Surveyed in southwest and panhandle districts April 6 and 8. 
(Keith, Sakurada). MISSOURI - Ranged 0-8 per linear foot of barley in southeast 
area. (Munson). ARKANSAS - This and other aphids light to medium on small grain 
in various areas. (Boyer et al.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Occasional specimen found 
on alfalfa at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hilbig et al.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on 
alfalfa in Cotton County, moderate to heavy in Garvin County, and moderate in 
Kingfisher County. Ranged 50-200 per linear foot of young alfalfa in Blaine 


- 260 - 


County, 0-20 per square foot in Cleveland and Oklahoma Counties. Heavy throughout 
most of southwest area. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Infestations spotty 

in seedling alfalfa in northern Eddy and Chaves Counties; counts light to 500+ 
per square foot. (Mathews). ARKANSAS - Light on alfalfa in Lafayette County. 
(Ark. Ins. Sur.). 


CORN, SORGHUM, SUGARCANE 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubilalis) - IOWA - Survey shows overwintering 
survival of 5,972 borers per acre in Boone County, an increase of 20 percent over 
1970 spring survey. (Iowa Ins. Sur.). 


SMALL GRAINS 


BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH - Present on wheat in "Dixie" area of 
Washington County. (Huber). NEVADA - Chemical controls applied to about 200 
acres of wheat and irrigation used to control remaining heavy infestations at 
Lovelock, Pershing County. (Stitt). OKLAHOMA - Heavy on wheat in Woodward and 
Texas Counties; light to moderate in Cimarron, Major, Garfield, Kingfisher, 

and Oklahoma Counties. Egg laying continues in Major County. Heavy on barley in 
Garfield County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). KANSAS - Light on wheat in Wallace, Wichita, 
and Greeley Counties. (Martinez). Ranged O0-1.3 per row foot in Comanche County. 
(Foster). 


WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged O-15 per linear foot of 
wheat in 3 western Payne County fields. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


PALE WESTERN CUTWORM (Agrotis orthogonia) - WYOMING - None found in 12 wheatfields 
in Goshen and Laramie Counties. (Bitner). NEBRASKA - Larvae ranged 0-3 per linear 
foot of small grains in 8 Kimball County fields March 30. (Hagen). Development 
about 10 days behind 1970 in southwest district. Most in second and third instars 
on April 6 and 8. Injured plant crowns ranged up to 6 per linear foot in 14 
Perkins County fields; heaviest infestations in southeastern portion of county. 

In Chase County, heaviest infestations in northeast area. No injury noted in 
Dundy County. Injured plants 1-2 per foot in 2 of 6 Cheyenne County fields. 
(Keith, Sakurada). 


AN APHID (Rhopalosiphum padi) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 10-15 per linear foot of wheat 
in 2 of 3 southeast Major County fields. Averaged 1 per linear foot in western 
Payne County field and in field in Noble area of Cleveland County. (Okla. Coop. 
Sur): 


TURF, PASTURES, RANGELAND 


RANGE CRANE FLY (Tipula simplex) - CALIFORNIA - Adults resting on soil in 300- 
acre area of range grass at Exeter, Tulare County. Earlier, larvae caused much 
damage to range grasses in other parts of county. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus leucopterus) - INDIANA - One specimen in 23 grass 
samples collected from 5 northwest and west-central counties and 5 northeast and 
east-central counties. (Meyer). OKLAHOMA - First of season reported damaging 
bentgrass golf greens at Clinton, Custer County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


FORAGE LEGUMES 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - OREGON - Adults averaged 1 per 25 sweeps of 
alfalfa near Corvallis, Benton County, April 2. (Larson, Penrose). UTAH - Adults 
left field litter in Cache County, migrated into 2-inch tall alfalfa. (Davis). 
COLORADO - Adults mating and few eggs laid. (Cross). OKLAHOMA - Larvae averaged 1 
per terminal in 18 percent of terminals in Cleveland County and on 4 percent of 
terminals in Oklahoma County. Ranged O-5 per linear foot in young alfalfa in 
Okeene area, Blaine County. These are new county records. Larvae ranged 40-50 per 


- 261 - 


Square foot of alfalfa in Le Flore County. Continued heavy in most south-central 
counties and in scattered southeast, east-central, and southwest counties. 
Continues heavy in Bryan County, but damage declining. (Okla. Coop. Sur.) 
MISSOURI - Tip damage ranged 18-41 percent in southeast area. Larvae ranged 4-14 
(averaged 8) per 10 alfalfa stems in south-central area; 80 percent in first 
instar, 20 percent in second. (Munson), ILLINOIS - Development ahead of 1970 in 
southern half of State. (111. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Larvae 0-37 (averaged 10) per 
square foot in 27 one-square-foot samples of alfalfa from 7 fields in southwest 
district. Ratio of first and third instars, 6:4. (Meyer). MARYLAND - First 

larvae of season at Easton, Talbot County, and at Centerville, Dorchester County. 
Infestation below 5 damaged tips per 100. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Eggs 
hatched in Orange and Loudoun Counties. First instars light on April 5 and 6. 
Damage expected to be heavier than past two seasons. (Allen). KENTUCKY - Eggs 
averaged 205 per square foot in Fayette County. About 25 percent of alfalfa tips 
damaged by first and second instars. Larvae in Madison County on April 6, 
(Barnett). TENNESSEE - Slight increase in weevil activity in alfalfa surveyed 

in central areas; damage light. (Gordon). ARKANSAS - Hatch continues and early 
instars found in earlier treated fields. (Boyer, Kimbrough). First field treated 
for season in Chicot County. (Boyer, Wall). 


WEEVILS (Hypera spp.) - NEVADA - Larvae of H. brunneipennis or H. postica 
averaged 10 per sweep on 200 acres of alfalfa hay at Las Vegas, Clark County, 
First time in about 40 years that weevil larvae found damaging alfalfa in Clark 
County. (Hilbig "et all); 


CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) - INDIANA - Larvae 0-16 (averaged 4.5) per 
square foot in 27 one-square-foot Samples from 7 alfalfa fields in southwest 
district. (Meyer). WISCONSIN - Larvae averaged 3 per square foot of young alfalfa 
in Dane County field; some damage. (Wis. Ins. Sur.). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus spumarius) - INDIANA - Nymphs averaged 3 per square 
foot in alfalfa in Dubois County field heavily infested during 1970. (Meyer). 


CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - KENTUCKY - Averaged 30 per 100 


sweeps of clover in central areas. (Barnett). 


PEA APHID (Acyrthosiphon pisum) - INDIANA - Apterae ranged 0-12 in 10 of 27 
one-square-foot samples of alfalfa in southwest district fields. (Meyer). 
OKLAHOMA - Heavy on alfalfa in Texas County. Moderate in Murray and Kingfisher 
Counties; light in Coal and Pontotoc Counties. Averaged 40 per square foot of 
alfalfa in Cleveland and Oklahoma Counties; 10 per linear foot of young alfalfa 
in Blaine County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


COWPEA APHID (Aphis craccivora) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged up to 15 per stem of alfalfa 
on occasional stems in Jones area of Oklahoma County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.)., 


POTATOES, TOMATOES, PEPPERS 
GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Counts of 3 per tomato leaf in 


40-acre planting at Calipatria, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - 
Heavy and damaged greenhouse tomatoes at [Los Chavez, Valencia County. (Heninger). 


COLE CROPS 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 10-20 per stem on 
125 acres of rape grown for oil at Holtville, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


- 262 - 


DECIDUOUS FRUITS AND NUTS 


PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CONNECTICUT - Few adults noted at Storrs, Tolland 
County, on April 2; no eggs yet. (Savos). MICHIGAN - Adults active in southern 
counties. Egg laying will start if predicted weekend temperatures of 55-65° F, 
occur. (Sauer). WASHINGTON - First hatch on pear in tight cluster stage of bud 
development near Buena, Yakima County, April 1. (Johnson). 


OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - CALIFORNIA - Moderate on apple trees at 
Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. Scarce during previous years; increased in 
occurrence on various plants in many locations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) 


EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - OKLAHOMA - Damage light to 
peach trees in Washington, Cleveland, and Choctaw Counties. Small tents very 
heavy on wild plum in southeast Major County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


A LYGUS BUG (Lygus hesperus) - WASHINGTON - Counts of 2 per 6 trays and caused 
extensive bud damage on pears and apples 12 days after Spray applications in 
Yakima County. (Gregorich). 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MISSOURI - Eggs hatching and nymphs numerous (50-100 
per bud) in central area commercial orchards. (Enns). KENTUCKY - Averaged 10.7 
(ranged 0-29) per bud on apple. (Barnett). 


“OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Ranged 7-14 per limb on almond trees 
at Orland, Glenn County. Parasites introduced for control in this area. This 
scale infested 5-acre almond orchard at Winters, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CITRUS 


Citrus Insect Situation in Florida - End of March - CITRUS RUST MITE (Phyllocop- 
truta oleivora) infested 76 (norm 60) percent of groves; economic in 53 percent. 
Population expected to decrease in April; will be in high range and above normal 
most of month. Highest districts west, south, and north, CITRUS RED MITE 
(Panonychus citri) infested 46 (norm 43) percent of groves; economic in 15 (norm 
17) percent. Population near normal and in low range. Increase expected in April, 
gradual buildup in all districts. Highest district south. TEXAS CITRUS MITE 
(Eutetranychus banksi) infested 38 (norm 35) percent of groves; economic in 12 
(norm 15) percent. At normal low level of abundance in March. Will increase in 
April, with probability of scattered heavy infestations in most districts. 
Highest districts south and central. SIXSPOTTED MITE (Eotetranychus sexmaculatus) 
infested 6 (norm 9) percent of groves; economic in 1 (norm 1) percent. Slight 
increase expected. PURPLE SCALE (Lepidosaphes beckii) infested 78 (norm 79) 
percent of groves; economic in 5 (norm 10) percent. Population will remain below 
normal and moderate. Highest district north. CHAFF SCALE (Parlatoria pergandii) 
infested 61 (norm 65) percent of groves; economic in 2 (norm 12) percent. Popula- 
tion will remain below normal and low. Highest district south. YELLOW SCALE 
(Aonidiella citrina) infested 36 (norm 65) percent of groves; none economic 

(norm 12) percent. Will remain below normal in abundance and unimportant. Highest 
district east. BLACK SCALE a oleae) infested 18 (norm 29) percent of 
groves; economic in 2 (norm Tl) percent. Population expected to remain below 
normal and low through May. Highest district west. An ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) 
infested 29 percent of groves; economic in 19 percent. Population heavier than any 
prior month and will increase. APHIDS infested 22 (norm 24) percent of groves; 
economic in 1 (norm 1) percent. Increase will be rapid until mid-April, then 
decrease. In groves defoliated by cold, aphids will occur on new growth through 
May. WHITEFLY adult population will increase to a high level normal for April 
peak, then decrease. (W.A, Simanton (Citrus Expt. Sta., Lake Alfred)). 


AN ARMORED SCALE (Unaspis citri) - FLORIDA - Severe on variety of citrus trees 
at grove in Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie County, March 31. (Kendrick). 


- 263 - 


CITRUS THRIPS (Scirtothrips citri) - ARIZONA - Present at Deer Valley and 
Chandler Heights areas, Maricopa County. Being watched for buildup. (Ariz. Coop. 
Sjuae.)) 


LEAFHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Empoasca spp. and Erythroneura spp. problem in some 
groves at Chandler Heights, Maricopa County, past few weeks. Controls applied. 
(Atiiz 2 Coop's ‘Sur))'. 


OTHER TROP. & SUBTROP. FRUITS 


GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs 10 per leaf 
on avocado nursery stock at Madera, Madera County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ORNAMENTALS 


COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) - OREGON - First eggs of season on 
Alberta Spruce March 31 at Gresham area nursery, Multnomah County. (Nicolaison). 


A CONIFER APHID (Cinara tujafilina) - OKLAHOMA - Populations increased on 
arborvitae in Payne County during past 21 days. Winged adults common for first 
time this season. Moderate to heavy on evergreens in Cleveland County. (Okla. 
Coop. Sur.). 


AN APHID (Eulachnus rileyi) - NEVADA - Medium on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) 
nursery stock at Las Vegas, Clark County. (Hoff). 


JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - OREGON - Late instars damaged junipers 
at several Multnomah and Polk County nurseries. (Long, Nicolaison, Apr. 2). 


A LEAFHOPPER (Fieberiella florii) - CALIFORNIA - Adults reared from calendula 
nursery stock at El Centro, Imperial County. Ho hlomneeis vector of syellow Leat 
roll of peaches; calendula is very common bedding plant. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A GALL MIDGE (Mayetiola rigidae) - WEST VIRGINIA - Galls heavy on pussy willow 
shrubs in Raleigh County, March 17. Collected by E. Cochran, Determined by 
A Wig COU, (Ne Was ise Suse 5)) - 


FOREST AND SHADE TREES 


A MIDGE (Pinyonia edulicola) - WYOMING - Collected on pinyon pine at Laramie, 
Albany County, by E.W. Spackman August 5, 1970. Determined by R.J. Gagne. This 
is a new State record. (Bitner). 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Overwintered in good 
condition on mugho pine and young red pine in southeastern counties. (Wis. Ins. 
Sun >) 


CANKERWORMS - MICHIGAN ~ Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) adults observed 

at several locations. Peak adult emergence of Paleacrita vernata (spring canker- 
worm) and fall cankerworm has not occurred in most areas. (Sauer). NORTH DAKOTA - 
P. vernata females emerged in Fargo area, Cass County, March 3C, about 7 days 
earlier than in 1970. (Anderson). CONNECTICUT - P. vernata adults active past 2 
weeks in Storrs area, Tolland County. (Savos). ~— 


EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - TENNESSEE - First larvae of 
season on flowering quince in Cocke County. (Hammett). 


FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - WEST VIRGINIA - Based on egg mass 
survey, noticeable defoliation predicted on 250,000 acres along Ohio River in 
Ritchie, Pleasants, Tyler, Wetzel, Marshall, and Ohio Counties. Egg mass counts: 
8 in Pleasants County, 9 in Tyler County, 6 in Wetzel County, and 24 in Marshall 
County. Counts on ten 30-inch branch samples per plot. (W. Va. Ins. Sur., Mar. 22). 


- 264 - 


ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - KANSAS - One adult found on ground 
under American elm at Whitewater, Butler County. (Iselin). 


MAN AND ANIMALS 


SCREWWORM (Cochliomyia hominivorax) - Three cases reported in U.S, April 4-10 

as follows: TEXAS - Duval, Starr, and Jim Wells. Total of 57 laboratory-confirmed 
cases reported in portion of Barrier Zone in Republic of Mexico as follows: 

Sonora 8, Chihuahua 12, Coahuila 2, Nuevo Leon 8, Tamaulipas 27. Total of 26 

cases reported in Mexico south of Barrier Zone. Barrier Zone iS area where 
eradication operation underway to prevent establishment of self-sustaining 
population in U.S. Sterile screwworm flies released: Texas 28,548,000; 

Arizona 3,820,000; Mexico 111,170,000. (Anim. Health Div.). 


CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Total of 1,316 head of cattle 
checked; 10 percent of animals infested. Grubs ranged 1-60 (averaged 6.5) per 
infested animal at 8 livestock auctions during period March 15 to April 2. 

This is decrease from 30-percent infestation found in 1970. However, 6.5 grubs 
per infested animal is increase from 4 grubs found last year. (Brandvik, Kaatz). 
KENTUCKY - H. lineatum (common cattle grub) larvae averaged 1.6 per animal on 
backs of Holstein dairy cows of various ages in Fayette County. (Barnett). 


HORN FLY (Haematobia irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200 per head on cows and 
ranged up to 1,000 per head on bulls in Payne County. (Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


MOSQUITOES - INDIANA - Fourth instars of Aedes grossbecki taken in Spencer 
County; A. canadensis and A. stimulans collected from single pool in Sullivan 
County. Fourth instar CuliSeta inornata collected in Dubois County. (Meyer). 
ARKANSAS - Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) increasing 
and becoming locally abundant in Phillips County. Eggs very heavy. (Meisch, 
Dayhoff). UTAH - Aedes dorsalis larvae found in Salt Lake County. (Graham) . 

A. dorsalis larvae common in Weber County salt-grass areas; A. increpitus larvae 
up to 200 per dip in pools along river; no adults yet of either Species. Few 
overwintering Culex tarsalis adults emerging from hibernation (Fronk, Apr. 1); 
adults occasionally found in homes at Logan, Cache County, (Knowlton). 


FACE FLY (Musca autumnalis) - IDAHO - Annoying in home at Elk River, Clearwater 
County, April 5. (Portman). NEW HAMPSHIRE - Several thousand adults resting on 
exterior walls of barn April 1-5 at Lee, Strafford County. (Blickle). 


AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - MARYLAND - First adults of season 
recovered from dog at Greenbelt, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


HOUSEHOLDS AND STRUCTURES 


BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) - IOWA - Found in home in Buena Vista 
County; sent in for identification March 19. This is a new county record. (Iowa 
Iinss2Sune) 


A DRYWOOD TERMITE (Marginitermes hubbardi) - ARIZONA - Infestation in floor of 
home at Yuma, Yuma County. Home fumigated. Determined by B. Nutting. (Ariz. 
Coop tcsur ))). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


A BRACONID (Lysiphlebus testaceipes) - OKLAHOMA - Parasitism by this species very 
heavy in greenbug infested wheat throughout southwest area; giving good control 
in many fields. Parasitism ranged 20-30 percent in 3 wheatfields in southeast 
Major County and one field in Cleveland County. Light parasitism in most wheat 

in Payne and Garfield Counties, and in heavily infested Dewey County field. 
(Okla. Coop. Sur.). 


- 265 - 


HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - WYOMING - In 3 alfalfa fields near Veteran, Goshen 
County. (Bitner). UTAH - Survival good in Cache and Weber Counties; only 2-3 
percent winter loss. In some inbred lines, loss was 10-12 percent for experimen- 
tal bees. Honey surplus extremely low. (Nye). 


CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae ranged 4-20 
per linear foot of wheat in southeast Major County. Ranged O-5 per linear foot 

in most wheat in Payne, Garfield, Dewey, Cleveland, and Oklahoma Counties. Ranged 
0-4 per square foot of alfalfa in Blaine, Cleveland, and Oklahoma Counties. 


killa, Coop, Sur.) 
FEDERAL AND STATE PLANT PROTECTION PROGRAMS 


A GRASSHOPPER (Oedaleonotus enigma) - IDAHO - First instar nymphs light south of 
Glenns Ferry, Elmore County, April 1. (Evans). 


WHITEFRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Larvae destroyed 5-acre 
stand of field corn in Houston County. Larvae destroyed first and second 
plantings of tomatoes in home garden in same county. (Stephenson, Wilson). 


DETECTION 


New State Records - GREENBUG (Schizaphis graminum) OREGON - Umatilla County 


(p. 259). A MIDGE (Pinyonia edulicola) WYOMING - Albany County (p. 263). 


New County Records - ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) OKLAHOMA - Cleveland, 
Oklahoma, Blaine (p. 260). BROWN SPIDER BEETLE (Ptinus clavipes) IOWA - Buena 
Vista (p. 264). 


CORRECTIONS 


CEIR 21(14) :213 WOOLLY WHITEFLY (Aleurothrixus floccosus) - CALIFORNIA - Delete 
note. Specimen misidentified. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CEIR 21(15):235 AN ARMORED SCALE (Clavaspis subsimilis) - FLORIDA - Delete note. 
Collection misidentified. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). This deletion should be made under 
DETECTION on pages 229 and 236 also. (PPD). 


- 266 - 


HAWAII INSECT REPORT 


Turf and Pasture - GRASS WEBWORM (Herpetogramma licarsisalis) larvae generally 
trace, aS many aS 3 (average less than 0.5) per Square foot, in spots in 100+ 
acres of Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) and Pangola grass (Digitaria 
decumbens) at Hana, Maui. Larval activity near nil in pastures at other areas in 
Hana and Waihee. On Oahu, larvae and adults generally trace in windward areas; 
adults light, average 15 per 10 sweeps, in mixed stand of border grass at 
Mililani Memorial Park. (Ah Sam et al.). 


General Vegetables - BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) larvae moderate in 0,25 
acre of bulb onion at Waipouli, Kauai; many leaves with 3-4. Generally trace 

to light in green onion fields at Waianae, Oahu; larvae range from 1 per 20 

plants in 0.l-acre field to 1 per plant in 0.25-acre planting. (Sugawa, Kawamura) . 
All stages of SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) light to moderate 


in 4 acres of sweetpotato at Hoolehua, Molokai. (Fujimoto). 


Ornamentals - COCONUT SCALE (Aspidiotus destructor) infested about 20 percent of 
100+ Chinese privet (Ligustrum Sinense) hedge plants at Honolulu, Oahu; 5 percent 
of leaves on infested plants moderately affected. This is a new host record. 
Larvae and adults of a LADY BEETLE (Telsimia nitida) and adults of APHELINID 
WASPS (Aphytis spp.) light on infested foliage. (Namiki, Kashiwai). HAWAIIAN 
THRIPS (Taeniothrips hawaiiensis) moderate to heavy (up to 300 nymphs and adults 
per blossom) on gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) at Kaneohe, Oahu; nymphs and 
adults moderate (100+ per blossom) on 20 of Same host at Milalani Memorial Park. 
(Funasaki, Kawamura). 


General Pests - CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) larvae heavy in small planting of 
Tettuce (about 80 percent of leaves damaged) and in 0O.l-acre planting of carna- 
tion (buds severely damaged) at Waipouli, Kauai. Moderate in buds of small back- 
yard planting of roses at Wailua, Kauai. Larvae trace (about 1 per 25 ears) in 5 
acres of mature corn at Waianae, Oahu. (Sugawa, Kawamura). Moderate numbers of 
VAGRANT GRASSHOPPER (Schistocerca vaga) and PINKWINGED GRASSHOPPER (Atractomorpha 
sinensis) feeding on leaves of sweetpotato in small backyard planting at Ewa, 
Oahu. Adults of S. vaga moderate in weed growth adjacent to small backyard farms 
in same area. (Au). Larvae and adults of THREELINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) 
heavy in small backyard planting of eggplant at Kuau, Maui; heavy on wild solana- 
ceous plants in Pulehu. Larvae and adults heavy on Jimson weed (Datura stramonium) 
in marginal land adjacent to large acreage of corn at Waianae, Oahu. (Miyahira, 
Kawamura) . 


Beneficial Insects - About 75-95 percent of Ceroplastes cirripediformis (barnacle 
scale) nymphs in moderate infestation on 40 acres of passionfruit at Kahului, 
Maui, parasitized by various wasps, primarily an ENCYRTID WASP (Coccidoxenus 
mexicanus). (Ah Sam, Miyahira). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


FLORIDA - Gainesville, 4/2-9, BL - Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 1, beet, 
armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) 1, black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) 1, granulate 
cutworm (Feltia subterranea) 4, variegated cutworm (Peridroma sSaucia) 2, 
yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera ornithogalli) 1. MISSISSIPPI — Stoneville, 
3/2-8, 2BL, 34-70°F., precip. 0.19 = Armyworm 98, black cutworm 32, variegated 
cutworm 21. MISSOURJ - Platte County, 3/31-4/7, BL - Black cutworm 7. TEXAS - 
Waco, 3/2-8, BL - Armyworm 35, beet armyworm 4, black cutworm 8, corn earworm 
(Heliothis zea) 1, granulate cutworm 24, saltmarsh caterpillar (Estigmene acrea) 
2. variegated cutworm 32, yellowstriped armyworm 2, 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED STATES - 1970 
(Continued from page 256) 


ORNAMENTALS 
Highlights: 


BAGWORM damage was heavy on shrubs in most areas. MIMOSA WEBWORM was heavy on 
mimosa and honeylocust in New Jersey. CABBAGE LOOPER, SOYBEAN LOOPER, and BEET 
ARMYWORM were troublesome on field-grown flowers in Florida. ARMORED SCALES were 
a problem on ornamentals in several States. 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) hatching began the first week of May in 
Payne County, OKLAHOMA. Counts were moderate to heavy in most areas on evergreens 
during June, July, and August; and were the heaviest in 35 years in Mayes County 
in mid-July. By September 8, of the bags checked, 8 percent still contained larvae, 
the remainder had pupated or died, and 10 percent had been destroyed by parasites. 
Damage on junipers by this pest was generally more severe than usual in eastern 
KANSAS and much treating was done. In NEBRASKA, first instars were active at 
Lincoln, Lancaster County, May 29. Populations were generally heavier than in 
1969. Damage to junipers was heavy in several eastern cities. Bagworm caused 
heavy defoliation in scattered areas of MISSOURI. Most damage was confined to 
ornamentals; however, defoliation was noted on natural-growing eastern redcedar 
on the Pomme de Terre Reservoir. Damage is expected to continue in 1971. Bagworm 
continues to be the most common pest of ornamental evergreens in Missouri. In 
OHIO, phone calls and reports indicated bagworm was heavy. The most commonly 
attacked plants were juniper and arborvitae, and usually damage was most serious 
to isolated unsprayed shrubs around homes. Small larvae were found in early June 
feeding on oaks in central Ohio, and other reports of early damage to various 
shade and evergreen trees were received. The first indications of pupation 
occurred in early August, but reports of larval feeding continued into September. 
Parasitic wasps were observed near some bagworm populations during the pupal 
stage. Larvae were heavy the last of May in middle TENNESSEE and were common 
elsewhere. Heavy damage was noted in all areas to native "cedars" and to 
arborvitae around homes and office buildings. Controls were not applied in most 
cases until larvae were too large and pesticides were not effective. This pest 
was reported on arborvitae and rose throughout SOUTH CAROLINA, including 
Cherokee and Horry Counties. Bagworm was the most destructive pest to coniferous 
shrubs throughout ALABAMA. 


Larvae of several NOCTUID MOTHS were troublesome on field-grown flowers in 
Manatee County, FLORIDA. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was abundant on the 
spring and fall crops of chrysanthemum and GypSophila and damage was severe to 
the spring crop of Snapdragon and gladiolus. Moths appeared to migrate from the 
south. Larval mortality was heavy due to a disease during late spring. SOYBEAN 
LOOPER (Pseudoplusia includens) was the second most common noctuid on gladiolus, 
chrysanthemum, and Snapdragon. This species was also easier to control than 
cabbage looper. During the spring and summer BEET ARMYWORM (Spodoptera exigua) 
was heavy on chrysanthemum and gladiolus; lighter on petunia, geraniums, 
carnations, and statice. This pest was scarce during the fall on these crops. 
Chemical control was about 80 percent effective on this species. 


IRIS BORER (Macronoctua onusta) was reported from CALIFORNIA for a new State 
record on July 1. Larvae were recovered from iris rhizomes at Sacramento, 
Sacramento County. Eradication treatments were applied. 


A TORTRICID MOTH (Choristoneura houstonana) was active on ornamental junipers in 
late May in KANSAS, but no later reports were received. C. zapulata heavily 
damaged various ornamentals including cotoneaster, pyracantha, and rose in 
southern Washoe County, NEVADA, in late May and early June. 


- 267 - 


268 


TL6L ‘89z: (QT) TZ 


*qdy ‘sul *‘uoog *doo9 ‘ 


‘asy ‘yded °s’n 


os G ae 


eee prea ee 
ane oe DSc {fa Sea 
a ‘ a EPS al a Ul Tro 4 
A R a | x Gj el 1 |__| 
Y Lbs 4 \ sist Sail 2 
ers: A ei | 
ny j aa0iie La! eu 
RL AO sy f alee USF 
2 CH wees ea 


svmsofaDsauwa yda chua doprshyL 


wsombpg yO UOLING!IA4ISIG 


OL6T ‘TE Taquesed 

Vash aotAtag yoreasoy Tern} TNorasy 
uUOTSTATG uoT}99}0Id quetd 

uot}oa3eq pue Aoaang yoOaesSUTL otwouoog ut poredoitdg 


- 269 - 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) infestations were light with a few 
Scotch pines showing damaged terminals. Pupation was noted in Union County, OHIO, 
by June 8. Damage by R. frustrana bushnelli (an olethreutid moth) in NEBRASKA 
generally increased. Larvae damaged 25-70 percent of the laterals in a commercial 
planting of Austrian and Scotch pine in Madison County. 


JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) was found on juniper nursery stock at 
Alameda County, CALIFORNIA. This waS an eradication pest and all infested trees 
were destroyed. A PLUME MOTH (Platyptilia pica crataea) was a severe pest on 
geraniums in most areas of California. 


PALM LEAF SKELETONIZER (Homaledra sabalella) was numerous on palm in Charleston 
and Beaufort Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA. AZALEA CATERPILLAR (Datana major) was not 
reported on azaleas in South Carolina. 


ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) was very prevalent in ornamental pines 
grown in the Portland area Of Multnomah County, OREGON. Larval development was 
accelerated due to mild winter weather and late instars were noted in late March. 
MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) populations in NEW JERSEY were heavier than 
in 1969. Infestations were heavy on mimosa and honeylocust in Mercer, Union, 
Middlesex, Somerset, and other southern counties during July, August, and 
September. A PHYCITID MOTH (Undulambia polystichalis) was the major pest in 
leatherleaf ferneries in FLORIDA. Economic damage occurred in many commercial 
ferneries, and growers have had increasing difficulty in controlling this pest 
with the recommended chemical. 


WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) damage increased throughout NEW JERSEY 
especially in home plantings in Middlesex, Somerset, and Monmouth Counties. 

A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) was found in Barnwell and 
Richland Counties, SOUTH CAROLINA, for new county records. This species has been 
reported from Chesterfield and Florence Counties. BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus 
sulcatus) was light in OHIO and only a few nurseries reported infestations. 

Adults were first noticed in early June and reports of oviposition in early 
August. Most reports came from the southeastern areas. B. rugosostriatus larval 
counts of up to 10 per plant were reported on roots of yew in Several Multnomah 
County, OREGON, nurseries in March. STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (B. ovatus) damaged 
arborvitae in several field nurseries in same area. Adult girdling damage was 
reported in the Portland area in February, and larvae up to 15 per tree were 
reported from a Gresham nursery in March. Weevils, primarily species of the genera 
Sciopithes and Brachyrhinus, increased again in residental ornamental plantings 

in the Portland area indicating an upward trend over the past two years. HOLLYHOCK 
WEEVIL (Apion longirostre) was less numerous and less injurious than during the 
first 2 Seasons after it was recorded in UTAH. 


WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata) 
adults caused severe damage to a Zinnia field at Central Point, Jackson County, 
OREGON, in early July. BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) damaged 50 
percent of the leaves on honeysuckle in Burleigh County, NORTH DAKOTA. 


WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) began to emerge the last of April and by the first 
of June extensive defoliation of trees and shrubs was reported in WISCONSIN. 
Adults peaked about mid-June and populations decreased rapidly. Indications from 
blacklight trap collections was the flight during 1970 was about 5 times that of 
1967. ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) adults were troublesome during June 
and July in Morris and Essex Counties, NEW JERSEY. Populations were very much 
heavier than during 1969. Damage was primarily in home ground plantings, 
especially roses and grape. 


OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) was serious on lilacs in UTAH. Oystershell 
scale and PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) were heavy on lilac, green 
ash, cotoneaster, willow, poplar, Spruce, and pine trees in WYOMING. Oystershell 
scale eggs hatched May 18 at Lincoln, Lancaster County, NEBRASKA. Damage to lilac 
canes waS severe in parts of the eastern area. Eggs of this scale were hatching 


- 270 - 


in Dane County, WISCONSIN, on May 22. Populations were heavy in scattered areas. 
WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) remained a serious pest of orna- 
mentals in FLORIDA. PhenacasSpis cockerelli continues to be a serious pest of a 
wide variety of ornamentals. mentalS. PSseudaonidia cClavigera continued to be a problem on 
camellias in west-central areas. TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) is still a major 
problem on camellias and Chinese holly in Florida. Tea scale was the most 
destructive and widespread scale on camellia and Burford hollies, and was found 
throughout the year in ALABAMA. CAMELLIA SCALE (Lepidosaphes camelliae) was very 
heavy on camellias in Edgefield County, SOUTH CAROLINA. EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis 
euoynmi) continued to kill or weaken euonymus, primarily Euonymus japonica 
Varieties at Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, NEW MEXICO, and was difficult to 
control. JUNIPER SCALE (Carulaspis juniperi) discolored many Pfitzer and other 
juniper shrubs in northern UTAH. Damage was generally less severe in 1970 than 
in 1968. 


BROWN SOFT SCALE (Coccus hesperidum) infestations were heavy on many house plants 
in DELAWARE. FLETCHER SCALE (Lecanium fletcheri) egg laying was completed in 
WISCONSIN on arborvitae and taxusS on June 10 and hatch was completed by June 24. 
Infestations were lighter than in recent years on nursery stock. HEMISPHERICAL 
SCALE (Saissetia coffeae) was an important pest of greenhouse plants, palms, and 
cycads in FLORIDA. In SOUTH CAROLINA, Ceroplastes ceriferus seems to be spreading 
statewide on Burford holly and other plants. 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) counts were 25 per tip on Jerusalem-cherry in 
Cass County, NORTH DAKOTA. Counts were 10-12 per tip on chrysanthemum in a 
Burleigh County greenhouse. Large populations of this aphid developed in Manatee 
County, FLORIDA, from early spring migrants. Damage was severe to chrysanthemun, 
Snapdragon, statice, petunia, and lily. Fall populations on chrysanthemums were 
light. Green peach aphid was troublesome in Several additional areas. SPIREA APHID 
(Aphis spiraecola) infestations on spirea were spotted and less general than 
usual in UTAH. IVY APHID (Aphis hederae) counts were mostly light on English ivy 
in Payne County, OKLAHOMA, except during late October and early November. when 
700-800 per terminal were common. Eggs of several species of APHIDS hatched 10 
days later than during 1969 in WISCONSIN: Capitophorus spp. on Russian olive and 
APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) on Prunus spp. on April 17 compared to 
April 7, 1969. Counts remained light throughout the season. AN APHID (Eulachnus 
agilis) built up in early May and peaked in late May in OHIO. The second peak 
occurred in August. Christmas trees that were not treated prior to each buildup 
were damaged the most. 


COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Adelges cooleyi) was a problem in many OHIO nurseries. 
Oviposition occurred in mid-May and galls were well formed by early July. Adults 
emerged in central areas about July 14 and about one week later in the northern 
areas. This aphid was recorded for the first time in Montgomery County. 


ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) waS abundant and discolored rose foliage 
throughout UTAH. VIRGINIACREEPER LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura ziczac) and other species 
caused leaves to turn brown during August. Damage waS less common than a few years 
ago in Utah. 


TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus urticae) was heavy on roses at Clemson, Oconee 
County, and in the upper Piedmont areas of SOUTH CAROLINA. This spider mite was 
found throughout FLORIDA and caused severe damage under certain conditions in Dade, 
Manatee, Hillsborough, Orange, Miami, and Volusia Counties on numerous ornamentals. 
SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) was the most frequently reported pest of 
evergreen trees and shrubs in INDIANA. An ERIOPHYID MITE (Cecidophyopsis 

psilaspis) was found during January and February infesting and deforming most buds 
of Texus at Olympia, Thurston County, and at Puyallup, Pierce County, WASHINGTON. 


CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) in CALIFORNIA was prevalent on gardenias and 
privet at Sacramento, Sacramento County; San Diego, San Diego County; and Santa 
Ana, Orange County. A WHITEFLY (Aleyrodes spiraeoides) was very abundant on 
cultivated iris in Yakima County, WASHINGTON. GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes 


= 201) = 


vaporariorum) was a continuous problem throughout the season in vegetable and 
floral greenhouses in OHIO. 


MONTEREY PINE RESIN MIDGE (Cecidomyia resinicoloides) generally infested ornamental 
pines, especially Pinus contorta, throughout Portland area, Multnomah County, 
OREGON. Populations appeared to be heavier than usual. Many trees surveyed had 90 
percent of the 1969 terminals infested. Adult emergence began in mid-May. BOXWOOD 
LEAFMINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) was reported in all Piedmont counties west of 
Laurens, Laurens County, SOUTH CAROLINA. 


WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) casued heavy damage to 
ornamentals early in the season in CALIFORNIA. This thrips was common in UTAH 
gardens. F. bispinosa damaged flowers at Bradenton, Manatee County» FLORIDA, 
during spring. It appeared to migrate from citrus and early blooming clovers. 
GLADIOLUS THRIPS (Taeniothrips simplex). damaged gladiolus blooms in CALIFORNIA 
gardens, where it was more noticeable than in past years. This thrips required 
controls in UTAH. CUBAN LAUREL THRIPS (Gynaikothrips ficorum) damaged ornamental 
figs in CALIFORNIA. eee Sik yer 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) was very widespread and damaging to 
ornamentals in CALIFORNIA. BROWN GARDEN SNAIL (Helix aspersa) was one of the 
worst garden pests in California. 


FOREST INSECTS al, 
Situation in the Western States 


During 1970, forest insects killed several billion board feet of timber in the 
Western States. Virulent outbreaks of SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus rufipennis), 
MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (D. ponderosae), DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE (D. pseudotsugae), and 
FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ventralis) ravaged mature, overmature, and weakenéd timber 
stands in the West. DEFOLIATORS were not as destructive as in previous years but 
did cause heavy mortality and growth loss in some areas. 


In ALASKA, epidemic SPRUCE BEETLE populations increased for the fourth consecutive 
year. This pest caused catastrophic timber losses in 1970, particularly in areas 
where man's activities have weakened mature and overmature white spruce stands. 
Other factors such as severe windstorms, drought, and fire have also contributed 
to the population increase. More than one billion board feet of timber have been 
killed on the Kenai National Moose Range and adjacent State and private lands. 


The forests in OREGON and WASHINGTON suffered heavy losses from insects in 1970. 
BARK BEETLES continued to dominate the forest insect Situation and were responsible 
for killing an estimated 1.2 billion board feet of timber throughout the Pacific 
Northwest. Decreases in tree mortality caused by DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE in 1970 were 
offset by increased tree killing by MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, SILVER FIR BEETLES 
(Pseudohylesinus spp.), and slight increases in tree killing by FIR ENGRAVER and 
SPRUCE BEETLE. New infestations of WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura occiden- 
talis) and WESTERN BLACKHEADED BUDWORM (Acleris gloverana) were found after several 
years of light activity. Another defoliator, LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora 
laricella) continued to spread in eastern WASHINGTON and was found in northeastern 
OREGON for the first time. This insect, introduced into the Eastern United States 
in the 1800's, first appeared in the region near Spokane, Washington, in 1960 and 
Since has continued to spread. 


BARK BEETLES continued to dominate the forest insect situation in the Intermountain 
States. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE activity decreased slightly in the region but epidemic 


17 The following Summary is the highlights section of the "Forest Insect Conditions 

~ in the United States - 1970" which was compiled and published by the Forest 
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Copies of the complete annual summary 
are available upon request from the Regional Forester or Area Director in your 
area. Addresses of the regional offices may be found on page 275 in this issue 
of the CEIR. 


- 272 - 


populations persisted in southern IDAHO and western WYOMING. The continuation of 
a large-scale suppression project will be necessary on the Targhee National 
Forest to keep timber losses at a tolerable level. Less severe outbreaks occurred 
in UTAH and other parts of Wyoming and Idaho. Logging of high susceptible timber 
stands and chemical control were utilized in several areas. The DOUGLAS FIR 
BEETLE epidemic in southern IDAHO increased further in 1970. Infestations were 

so widespread in this area that salvage of dead and dying timber was the only 
measure recommended to reduce losses. Infestations of DEFOLIATORS and other forest 
insects were less troublesome in 1970 than in 1969. WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM and 
DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) were the major defoliators 
in 1970. 


Several forest insects continued to deplete the forest resources of the central 
Rockies in 1970. BARK BEETLES were again the most important pests and caused 
severe timber losses in spruce, lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, and Douglas-fir 
stands in the region. MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE populations persisted on more than 
one-quarter million acres of stagnated ponderosa pine stands in SOUTH DAKOTA and 
COLORADO. For the second consecutive year SPRUCE BEETLE infestations increased in 
areas containing windthrown timber and logging slash. After 38 million board feet 
of standing timber were killed in 1970 and if the outbreak continues, several 
hundred million board feet of mature spruce may be killed in WYOMING and COLORADO. 
WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM regained outbreak status on the San Isabel National Forest 
in COLORADO after collapsing to a low level in 1969. 


Forest insect damage in CALIFORNIA was at a tolerable level in 1970 but expanding 
populations of several major forest insects were detected. DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE, 
which has remained relatively inactive since 1966, showed signs of increasea 
activity on the Plumas and Six Rivers National Forests in northern California. 
Approximately 2 million board feet of timber were killed on these forests. 

WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) and MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE continued 
to infest weakened ponderosa pine Stands in San Bernardino County. The discovery 
of a GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) egg mass on wooden crates from New Jersey 
initiated an intensive detection program in San Juan Capistrano. Inspection for 
additional egg masses and other surveillance procedures will continue. Popula- 
tions of another important defoliator, DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, began to increase 
after several years of inactivity. The largest infestation in 1970 covered 

several thousand acres on the Eldorado National Forest. For the second consecutive 
year the population of LODGEPOLE NEEDLEMINER (Coleotechnites milleri) increased 

in Yosemite National Park. 


The forests of the northern Rocky Mountains were attacked by a variety of insects 
in 1970. Several species of DEFOLIATORS, particularly WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, 
LARCH CASEBEARER, and DOUGLAS FIR TUSSOCK MOTH were active in the region. Western 
spruce budworm defoliated about 4 million acres of forests, but populations 
continued to decrease in the Douglas-fir stands east of the Continental Divide 
and increase west of the Divide in MONTANA and IDAHO. Larch casebearer expanded 
its range in western Montana but caused only light defoliation in most areas. 
MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE populations increased in the northern Rockies while SPRUCE 
BEETLE, DOUGLAS FIR BEETLE, and FIR ENGRAVER declined in most areas. 


In the Southwestern States, epidemic SPRUCE BEETLE populations continued to 
deplete the virgin spruce forests of the Mt. Baldy Wilderness Area and Fort 
Apache Indian Reservation in ARIZONA. More than 27 million board feet of spruce 
have been killed on the reservation by this pest during the past two years. 
Epidemic populations of ROUNDHEADED PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus adjunctus) infested 
250,000 ponderosa pine trees on the Lincoln National Forest and MeScalero Apache 
Indian Reservation in NEW MEXICO, in 1970. DEFOLIATOR populations were at low 
levels throughout most of the region. Suppression of defoliators’ was required 

in several recreation areas. 


- 273 - 


‘Situation in the Lake and Central States and the Northeast 


DEFOLIATORS remained the most troublesome forest pests in the Eastern Region, 
Twenty-five species of defoliators were active in this region during 1970. Major 
defoliators included GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar), FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR 
(Malacosoma disstria) , LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana), a RED- 
HUMPED OAKWORM (Symmerista canicosta), and a complex of LEAFROLLERS and LEAFTIERS. 
More than 7 million acres of forest suffered defoliation from these pests in 1970 
and most of the serious outbreaks are expected to continue in 1971. 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis), normally more of a problem in the 
South and Southeast, has caused serious timber damage in MARYLAND and DELAWARE. 
This outbreak extends into VIRGINIA and is expected to continue in 1971. BALSAM 
WOOLLY APHID (Adelges piceae) infestations increased in MAINE but declined in 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. BEECH SCALE (Cryptococcus fagisuga) and its associate fungus 
continued to cause widespread destruction of commercial-sized beech trees in New 
England. 


Situation in Southern and Southeastern States 


A variety of forest insects were active in the Southern Region during 1970. BARK 
BEETLES as usual were the most important pests with infestations occurring in 
most Southern States. Epidemic SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE populations in the southern 
Appalachian Mountains were greatly reduced by extremely low temperatures during 
January 1970. Populations remained at a low level in most of this area except 

on the Tusquitee District of the Nantahala National Forest, NORTH CAROLINA, and 
the Tellico District of the Cherokee National Forest, TENNESSEE. 


Populations of ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) continued to cause heavy tree mortality 
in the Hurrican Camille area of MISSISSIPPI and caused some mortality in areas 

of LOUISIANA, TEXAS, SOUTH CAROLINA, and TENNESSEE. BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE 
(Dendroctonus terebrans) was also active in the Hurricane Camille area and 

caused heavy timber losses in the sandhills of SOUTH CAROLINA. 


DEFOLIATORS were more active in the Southeastern Area during 1970. Infestations 
of VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo), FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, 
WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) and various SAWFLIES caused moderate to 
heavy defoliation. 


Suppression Activities 


Forest insect suppression programs were conducted throughout the United States 
during 1970. Major campaigns were directed against southern pine beetle, mountain 
Pine beetle, spruce beetle, saddled prominent, and spruce budworm, and small-scale 
projects were waged against many less troublesome insects. Both public and private 
agencies continued to cooperate in suppression projects and pilot projects in the 
search for new and improved methods of forest insect control. 


In the Western States bark beetles were again the major target of control. Forest 
land managers continued to deemphasize direct chemical control and rely more on 
alternative methods such as salvage, trap tree, and burning infested trees; however, 
more than 400,000 trees were treated for bark beetles during 1970. 


The spruce beetle outbreak in Alaska is so large that salvage appears to be the 
only practical means of preventing timber losses. Even this method is not completely 
Satisfactory since an outlet for such a vast quantity of timber is not available. 


The most vigorous suppression project in the West was directed against the 
mountain pine beetle on the Targhee National Forest. Mountain pine beetle infesta- 
tions were also reduced in Oregon and Washington by an agressive precommercial 
thinning program. 


In California, a synthetic sex attractant was tested for control of the western 


- 274 - 


pine beetle, and in the Southwestern States cacodylic acid treated trees were 
evaluated as lethal traps for the spruce beetle. Further studies on both of these 
projects are planned for 1971. 


In the Southern Region, nearly one-half million southern pine beetle infested 
trees were salvaged or burned to suppress this pest. Only 56 pounds of benzene 
hexachloride were used against the southern pine beetle in 1970. 


Other significant suppression activities in this region included a cooperative 
spray project in Virginia to control the fall cankerworm and a release of cocoon 
parasites to control the Virginia pine sawfly by the Virginia Division of 
Forestry and the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station. 


The largest defoliator suppression effort in the United States was directed 
against the spruce budworm in Maine. In this cooperative project 211,625 acres 
were aerially sprayed with Accothion. 1/ Satisfactory control was achieved but 
the budworm population is expected to be high in this area again in 1971. 


Other forest insects requiring Suppression in the Eastern Region were gypsy moth 
and saddled prominent, saratoga spittlebug, orangestriped oakworm, Nantucket pine 
tip moth, pine bark aphid, and white pine weevil. 


Pest Control Accomplishments in the United States, FY 1970 


Insect Locations Trees Treated Acres Sprayed 

Southern pine beetle South and Southeast 474,531 
Mountain pine beetle Idaho, Utah, Montana, 

Colorado, South Dakota, 

Wyoming 277,485 
Bark beetles 1/ California, Oregon, 

Washington 112,914 
Spruce beetle Colorado, Wyoming, 

Montana, New Mexico, 

Alaska 11,407 
Roundheaded pine 
beetle Nevada, Arizona 375 
Saratoga spittlebug Michigan, Wisconsin 5,425 
Saddled prominent New York 13,704 
Fall cankerworm and 
leafrollers New Jersey, Virginia 2,220 
Spruce budworm Maine 211,625 
Balsam woolly aphid North Carolina 12 
European pine shoot 
moth Washington 74 
Miscellaneous Entire United States 309 

Total 876,786 233 , 295 


17 Trade names used in this article are solely for the purpose of providing 
~ specific information. This does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the 
product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other products not mentioned. 


- 275 - 


REGIONAL AND AREA OFFICE ADDRESSES 


U.S. FOREST SERVICE 


Region Region 
ul U.S. Forest Service 6 U.S. Forest Service 
Federal Building P.O. Box 3623 
Missoula, Montana 59801 Portland, Oregon 97208 
2 UsS. Forest Service 10 U.S. Forest Service 
Federal Center, Building 85 Federal Office Building 
Denver, Colorado 80225 P.O. Box 1628 
Juneau, Alaska 99801 
3 U.S. Forest Service 
Federal Building 
517 Gold Avenue, S.W. Area 
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87101 
NA Northeastern Area 
4 U.S. Forest Service U.S. Foresit Service 
Federal Office Building 6816 Market Street 
324 - 25th Street Upper Darby, Pennsylvania 19082 
Ogden, Utah 84401 
SA Southeastern Area 
5 U.S. Forest Service U.S. Forest Service 
630 Sansome Street Suite 800 
San Francisco, California 94111 1720 Peachtree Road, N.W. 


Atlanta, Georgia 30309 


FOREST AND SHADE TREES 
Highlights: 


WHITE PINE WEEVIL caused extensive damage to Norway spruce in Rhode Island and 
was of concern On ornamental and christmas tree plantings in Maine. EUROPEAN PINE 
SHOOT MOTH infested a single pine in a nursery in Oregon; adjacent trees were 
destroyed and 15,000 treated. This pest is increasing again in Wisconsin. 
NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH was heavy in Kansas and Missouri. SPRUCE BUDWORM control 
in Maine was not as good as anticipated. This tortricid continues threatening 

in 1971. LEPIDOPTEROUS larvae were troublesome on a variety of deciduous trees 
throughout the Nation. VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR defoliation was heavy in 
Arkansas. SADDLED PROMINENT was also troublesome in several areas. FOREST TENT 
CATERPILLAR feeding was heavy in Minnesota and West Virginia. FALL WEBWORM was 
heavy in West Virginia, Ohio, and Missouri. ELM LEAF BEETLE defoliation of elms 
was heavy in several States. Brood X of PERIODICAL CICADA was reported from the 
East. 


- 276 - 


A small infestation of MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in NEW 
MEXICO was suppressed by salvage logging on Carracas Mesa, Carson National Forest, 
west of Chama. In SOUTH DAKOTA during the fiscal year 1970, treatment was applied 
to 12,607 trees on 157,220 acres of Black Hills National Forest, including about 
2,100 trees in the Harney District, 1,100 trees south and west of Deadwood, and 
5,500 trees west of Spearfish Canyon, plus additional trees in the Pactola 
District. The trend for infestation was static but high tree mortality could be 
expected to continue in 1971, which paralleled the situation a year earlier. Tree 
mortality, primarily in second growth and small saw timber, was highest in the 
vicinity of Terry Park and the Exemption area in Lawrence County. Size of infesta- 
tion groups varied from 3 to 10 trees for the small groups to about 2,000 trees 
in some of the large groups. Parasites, predators, and woodpecker feeding did not 
exert any substantial degree of control. 


BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) made broods in pine stumps and 
live trees in timber sale areas on private and Federal lands in Madison County, 
MISSOURI. Only small numbers were found in Shannon, Iron, and Reynolds Counties. 
Numbers are expected to increase in 1971. Some infested trees were felled and 
burned; other trees in the sale areas were harvested. In FLORIDA, the incidence 
of attacks greatly declined from 1969's incidence. 


WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) increased in OREGON, with most damage 
to old growth ponderoSa pine on the Malheur and Ochoco National Forests. 
ENGRAVER BEETLES (Ips spp.) caused the majority of the tree losses in FLORIDA. 


WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) was reported infesting white pine in Pickens 
County, SOUTH CAROLINA. White pine weevil moderately (20-60 percent) infested 
trees in Hampshire and Mineral Counties, WEST VIRGINIA. Light infestations (0-20 
percent) were in Morgan, Berkeley, Pendleton, and Hardy Counties. Damage in 
RHODE ISLAND was extensive to Norway spruce in Providence County by July 8 and 
appeared on many leaders of spruce and white pine by July 16 in Washington County. 
By August 7 many leaders were brown and dead statewide. Heavy damage continued 
in several areas throughout MAINE. New trees and plantings for ornamentals and 
Christmas trees were of most concern. In INDIANA, white pine weevil was more 
common in 1970 than 1969. Larvae in WISCONSIN heavily damaged Scotch pine in 
Adams County by June 22 with about 30 percent of the tips dying. Pupation was 
just underway at this site by late June. Numbers were heavy in Eau Claire County. 


NORTHERN PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes approximatus) was collected for the first time in 
MISSOURI in Boone County. Many adults in WISCONSIN were mating and laying eggs on 
April 29 at a site in Rock County and were almost gone by May 12. 


PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) was reported for the first time in MISSOURI on Scotch 
pine in St. Charles County. Presence and damage were detected in Scotch pine 
plantations in Montgomery, Perry, and St. Francois Counties. It is expected to 
build up and increase its range in 1971. No suppression was conducted in 1970. 

H. pales in INDIANA was more common in 1970 than in 1969. H. pales in WISCONSIN 
Was numerous and mating at a site in Rock County May 12; it flagged pines in the 
central area last fall. PINE ROOT COLLAR WEEVIL (H. radicis) was prevalent and 
damaging jack pine and red pine in Polk County, Wisconsin, 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) infested one pine in a Canby, 
Clackamas County, OREGON, nursery in June. This pine was destroyed along with 

all others within a 200-foot radius, and the remaining 15,000 trees were treated. 
Chemical controls have reduced previously detected infestations at McNary Dam 

and Hermiston, Umatilla County, and southwestern Portland, Clackamas County, to 
very low levels. About 6 percent of the treated trees at Hermiston have sustained 
very light new attack. No larvae were found during fall surveys in southwestern 
Portland, European pine shoot moth was a new State record in NEBRASKA. In 
MISSOURI, moderate numbers infested Scotch, Austrian, and red pines in the Kansas 
City area, Jackson County. This pest has not been recorded outside Jackson County. 
Numbers in WISCONSIN appeared to be increasing after being near extinction in the 
State for several years. Pupation was noted on June 17 in Calumet County. In 


= 207 = 


RHODE ISLAND, larvae were on Scotch pine by May 1 in Kent County and at bases of 
pine needles in Newport County on September 8. 


NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) was common in Scotch, mugho, 
ponderosa, and Austrian pines in nurseries and landscapes in KANSAS. It was first 
reported in early June when 50 percent of the shoots of a mugho pine planting 
were infested in Sedgwick County. By early July the second generation was on pine 
in this county. By mid-July up to 4 larvae per shoot had infested up to 70 percent 
of the shoots of Austrian, mugho, and Scotch pines in this county. Much treating 
was done. Numbers in MISSOURI ranged from none to heavy. Winter Survival was very 
poor. The second and third generations caused the most extensive damage. Total 
damage was slightly lower in most areas. Damage was heaviest in Carter, Shannon, 
Dent, Camden, Laclede, Webster, Christian, and Douglas Counties, and lighter in 
Osage, Franklin, Washington, Jefferson, St. Francois, Ste. Genevieve, and Morgan 
Counties. Moderate numbers are expected during 1971. No suppression was conducted 
in 1970. Infestations were recorded from Barton, Dallas, Jasper, Lincoln, St. 
Charles, Vernon, and Warren Counties for the first time in 1970. In ALABAMA it 
was mostly a pest of 2 to 8-year-old pines used as highway and lawn shade trees. 
It did not attack slash and longleaf pines. 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) defoliation in OREGON ranged light to 
moderate on Douglas-firs and true firs on several thousand acres of the Wallowa 
and Whitman National Forest. Defoliation in MINNESOTA ranged moderate to heavy 
on balsam fir and white spruce over a gross area of 385,000 acres in Koochiching, 
St. Louis, Cook, and Lake Counties. Defoliation was light on an additional 
150,000 acres in these counties. Egg mass counts in August indicated a slightly 
decreasing population. Adults still persisted in Oneida County, WISCONSIN, July 
17; by July 21, the ratio for larvae and eggs was 1:1. Larvae defoliated about 

20 percent of the individual balsam firs and spruces in the area. Previously 
reported in INDIANA in 1922 and 1928, this pest was taken in Lake County in 1970. 
In northern MAINE endemic populations infested about 400,000 acres, primarily in 
Aroostook County. Of this, 210,000 acres were sprayed, primarily in the Oxbow 
region on the southern part of the epidemic area in west-central Aroostook County. 
This area has been in serious trouble since 1966. The 84.5 percent control 
obtained was below expectations. Defoliation was irregular and heavy throughout 
the treated area and medium to heavy outside the treated area, but no pattern 
could be found. Balsam fir was the principal host with red spruce a close second. 
The spruce budworm threat continues into 1971, although tree conditions are 
improved. 


JACK PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) numbers in WISCONSIN were heavy in the 
northwestern area with a strong potential for 1971, erratic in the central area, 
and collapsed in the northeastern area. Pupation began in the central area 
first, reaching 50 percent by June 19. In MICHIGAN it is becoming more abundant 
after a decline during the past 3 years. Heavy numbers infested Scotch pine 
plantings in Muskegon and Oceana Counties, 


LARGE ASPEN TORTRIX (Choristoneura conflictana) defoliation in MINNESOTA was 
heavy on aspen on over 1,750,000 acres in St. Louis, Lake, Carlton, and Cook 
Counties and light on another million acres in the same counties, as well as 
in Koochiching and Itasca Counties. 


A PYRALID MOTH (Dioryctria disclusa) infested 75 percent of the cones on: red 
pine at Washington, Washington County, IOWA. PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) 
damaged many Scotch pine seedlings in the eastern panhandle of WEST VIRGINIA. It 
was noticeable throughout the State and indications are that it is increasing. 
Injury is usually confined to seedlings or small trees. 


A SATURNIID MOTH (Coloradia pandora lindseyi) defoliation in OREGON ranged light 
to moderate on ponderosa and lodgepole pines on 5,000 acres of the Deschutes 
National Forest. Most larvae had pupated by mid-July near China Hat, Deschutes 
County; pupae ranged 2-7 per square yard. Larvae remaining on trees were heavily 
parasitized by Apanteles electrae (a braconid). A population increase is expected 
aot alfey7ale 


TLOT ‘8LG3 (QT) TS es 
*qdy "sul *uood *doo9 ° 
‘aay *yded “s'n 


ar 


OL6T ‘TE Taquesed 
VaSN 90TAIag YyoreaSsay Teainzprnors3sy 
UOTSTATG UOT}I9}OIg JULTA 


uot}oOa}0q pue AavArng jOaeSUT oTWOUODT ut poredoig 


ones : | 
KY aul zy [ 
< j SE oy 
2 = J H 
A is B Bia 
, KA aNd 
ORG Uy 
S Soo: aa [ L$ | 
1 SA AT fa feels 
00 at | Ss 
iS soe aate fi ales é 
\ a4 < we 
| ; 
: LY = 5 
~ a 0 } [es j 3 
f 2 XN P i 
< fi p r we : Fy LS : LS 5 : 
: ‘Oh hag’) IL al Ne Ae 
j 5 es ee 
Me : at 
q o 3 fH is Lae 
wafijdas  worddipoan 
auigq upadoing jo uUOliAgI4tsiq 


A|JMDS 


- 279 - 


PINE TUSSOCK MOTH (Dasychira plagiata) was most serious in an area comprised of 
parts of Polk and Burnett Counties in WISCONSIN. Larvae had infested about 2,000 
acres of 25 to 30-foot jack pines by June 20; injury ranged light to moderate in 
1,800 of these acres and severe in the rest. Pupation started June 25, and eggs 
hatched August 3. Although egg counts in late July were lighter than expected, 

a good potential still exists for increased populations, 


Larvae of an OLETHREUTID MOTH (Zeiraphera vancouverana) were reared from Sitka 
spruce in Humboldt County for a new State record in CALIFORNIA. SPRUCE NEEDLE- 
MINER (Taniva albolineana) damaged ornamental spruce trees in Whitman, Asotin, 
and Grant Counties, WASHINGTON. 


PINE NEEDLEMINER (Exoteleia pinifoliella) is becoming more widespread in MICHIGAN. 
New infestations were found in Ingham and Genesee Counties. It was initially 
detected in 1967 in Wayne County and in 1968 in Ottawa County. 


Outbreaks of REDHEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) in FLORIDA were small 
and scattered in Glades, Okeechobee, Marion, and Taylor Counties during the fall. 
Feeding damage was moderate to severe on Slash and longleaf pines. It was 
reported only once in 1970 in Pickens County, SOUTH CAROLINA. Redheaded pine 
sawfly defoliated shortleaf pine and some Virginia pine in southeastern MISSOURI 
during late summer. Larvae partly defoliated 6-50 trees in isolated plantations. 
Most trees were 4-10 feet tall. Some mortality may occur over a 3 or 4-year 
period. Populations will be high again in 1971, causing more defoliation. 

Owners handpicked colonies on small trees and sprayed larger infested trees. 


A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion taedae linearis) in MISSOURI infested scattered 
open-grown and certain plantation-grown Shortleaf pines during spring. Defolia- 
tion was at a high peak. Defoliation was 100 percent in plantations in Bollinger 
and St. Francois Counties. Numbers were heaviest in the south-central and south- 
eastern areas. Owners sprayed and handpicked colones from small ornamental trees. 
Populations and damage are expected to be heavy in 1971. A major outbreak of 

N. taedae linearis and N. pratti pratti occurred in central and western 
TENNESSEE during May and June. Moderate to very heavy damage was observed, and 
in some cases, almost complete defoliation occurred. Infestations were over a 
more general area than in 1969 and damage was heavier. Pine stands were able 

to put out new growth and offset some of the damage. 


Neodiprion pratti pratti damage in NORTH CAROLINA ranged from light to very heavy 
in Orange, Guilford, Randolph, Yadkin, Buncombe, Warren, Franklin, Vance, 
Granville, Person, Harnett, and Cumberland Counties. This damage combined with 
extended drought will probably kill some trees. In WEST VIRGINIA this species 

in 1966 was first found and identified in the State on Camp Creek, Boone County. 
Egg and larval surveys expanded the known range into Logan, Lincoln, Wayne, and 
Kanawha Counties through 1969. In 1970, larval surveys and reported specimens 
revealed its presence in at least 12 additional counties. No attempt has been 
made to record exact acreages because most of the areas scouted do not contain 
concentrated pine stands. Larvae in INDIANA infested 500 acres of shortleaf and 
Virginia pine in southwestern and south-central areas; defoliation was serious 
on 200 acres. 


Early instars of EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion sertifer) in OHIO were reported 
from Scotch pine and red pine during May. Foliar loss ranged 10-60 percent. In 
INDIANA, populations increased in much of the State. In MISSOURI, European pine 
sawfly infested 20 acres of Scotch pine during early spring in Adair County. The 
owner sprayed the first instars and achieved excellent control. It also infested 
other Christmas tree plantations and ornamentals in Adair County. Spraying of 
infested trees was conducted by various tree owners. Another buildup is expected 
ino 7A 


- 280 - 


A CONIFER SAWFLY (Neodiprion excitans) severely damaged loblolly pine in Taylor 
County, FLORIDA, during faII. Some Sévere defoliation by INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY 
(Diprion similis) on mature white pine in MINNESOTA needed chemical control in 
Isanti, Cass, Morrison, and Crow Wing Counties in early September. Second-=- 
generation larvae also caused scattered and light defoliation in Itasca, St. 
Louis, Koochiching, Carlton, Pine, Aitkin, Mille Lacs, Wadena, Becker, Mahnomen, 
Hubbard, and Beltrami Counties. 


LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) defoliation in MINNESOTA averaged 50-70 
percent, slightly less in 1970 than in 1969, on most of the 500,000 acres of 
tamarack in the northern half of the State. It was prevalent throughout 
PENNSYLVANIA, with 25-75 percent defoliation common in most plantations. 


BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Adelges piceae) damage in OREGON ranged light to moderate 
throughout the Cascade Mountains from the northern border to just south of 

Crater Lake National Park. Pacific silver fir and alpine fir were the most 
severely damaged. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (A. cooleyi) injured many blue spruce 
in northern and central localities of UTAH. EASTERN SPRUCE GALL APHID (A. abietis) 
was light on Norway spruce in OHIO. Galls were fully developed in August and 
emergence began near the end of the month. Bv September 8 a few green unopened 
galls were still present. Oviposition began during early September. In WISCONSIN, 
gall aphids were less numerous than in recent years. A. cooleyi is generally 
dominant, but A. abietis was the only one found in nurseries in Door, Racine, 
Waukesha, and Jefferson Counties. A. abietis hatched April 29 in Rock County 
compared with May 13 for A. cooleyi. Galls of A. abietis were forming on May 12, 
and A. cooleyi on May 25. Emergence was only noted September 1 for A. abietis. 

A. cooleyi hatched in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND, by May 22. By June 5, 
Numbers were known to be heavier than in 1969. Many galls were evident in 
Providence, Kent, and Washington Counties by September 8. A. abietis galls in 
this State were noticeable on spruce in Washington County by July I5. 


PINE LEAF CHERMID (Pineus pinifoliae), one of the most important conifer insects 
in WEST VIRGINIA, was abundant throughout the red spruce and white pine range of 
the State. Numerous galls were on red spruce throughout the Canaan Valley and 

Cheat Mountain Range. The southern limit of the white pine range is not infested. 


PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) ranged light to moderate in UTAH. Eggs 
and crawlers in NORTH DAKOTA infested pine and spruce the last week of May. Counts 
of 1-12 scales per needle infested 50-85 percent of the needles on spruce and 

pine in Richland, Ward, and Walsh Counties. Hatch in WISCONSIN of the first 
generation was nearly completed on May 26; hatch of the second generation 

started July 20. Pine needle scale covered needles of entire trees on June 18 

in Washington County, RHODE ISLAND. 


PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallella) and SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (A. saratogensis) 
were abundant on Virginia and Scotch pines throughout WEST VIRGINIA. Numbers were 
heavy in Marion, Barbour, and Tucker Counties. Spittlebugs on pines in WISCONSIN 
were more Serious than in previous years. A. saratogensis was heavy in Lincoln, 
Vilas, and Oneida Counties on red pine; some treatment was warranted in Vilas 
County. Further treatments were diminished because hot, dry weather reduced the 
population. A. parallela was most serious in the central area, particularly in 
Juneau County, and much flagging of Scotch pines was evident from the 1969 
infestation. Pine spittlebug adults appeared on June 19, and Saratoga spittlebug 
adults in the first week of July. ; 


A CONIFER APHID (Cinara tujafilina) infested arborvitae in many OKLAHOMA areas 
from January to mid-May. Numbers increased steadily through March (many colonies 
had 100-150 aphids each) and then declined during April and May. First fall 
activity in Payne County was found the second week of November. 


- 281 - 


VARIABLE OAKLEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo), and to a lesser extent, 

SADDLED PROMINENT (H. guttivitta) infestations On oak were heaviest and most 
widespread in 10+ years in ARKANSAS. Larval feeding was first observed in 

Cleburne County in early July. Heavy feeding in this county and other areas of 
north-central and northeast Arkansas did not occur until September. Heavy defolia- 
tion occurred on 2.5 million acres. About 1.5 million acres were moderately 
defoliated. No control measures were applied. Defoliation did not occur early 
enough in the season to cause permanent damage. Variable oakleaf caterpillar was 

a problem on pin oaks in central MISSOURI and a defoliator of white, black, and 
northern red oaks in Taum Sauk region in Iron and Reynolds Counties. In association 
with this feeding was PALE TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota tessellaris) and WALKINGSTICK 
(Diapheromera femorata). Heavy feeding occurred on white and post oaks in Shook 
area near Poplar Bluff. Some defoliation was attributed to latter two species. 
Populations are expected to increase in 1971. Individual trees were sprayed. 
Infestations and defoliation by H. manteo in NORTH DAKOTA occurred in the same 
area infested by FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) during late 

August. H. manteo defoliation ranged up to 100 percent on 500 acres of trees in 
Benson County and on 10,000+ acres in the Killdeer Mountains and Badlands area 

of Dunn County. Infestations were more widespread, but defoliation was not so 
severe as in 1969. 


Variable oakleaf caterpillar and a NOTODONTID MOTH (Symmerista canicosta) defolia- 
tion was heavy primarily on oak and basswood on from 25,000 to 50,000 acres in 
scattered locations in Kandiyohi, Pope, Otter Tail, Itasca, Beltrami, Clearwater, 
Mahnomen, and Becker Counties, MINNESOTA. Lighter defoliation was widespread in 
the same counties. Symmerista albifrons was the most abundant and widespread 
defoliator in MICHIGAN; it defoliated about 275 square miles of predominantly 
white oak in Muskegon, Oceana, and Lake Counties. Although many defoliation sites 
were the same as those in 1956-1958, the infestation was more extensive. Many 
trees were defoliated for the second year, but little mortality is anticipated. 
Several predators attacked larvae in 3-year-old infestations in Muskegon County. 
Among them, adults and larvae of Calosoma sycophanta (a carabid beetle) and 
several pentatomids, the most numerous being Podisus maculiventris (spined soldier 
bug). Mice and other rodents are believed to play a major role in reducing this 
insect's numbers by feeding on the overwintering pupae in the litter. Saddled 
prominent defoliated about 6,000-7,000 acres of maple and beech in Benzie and 
Manistee Counties. Most infestations are two years old. Adults and larvae of 
Calosoma sycophanta and a trombidiid mite were feeding on larvae. Larvae 

infested by the mites became quiescent and fed less. The saddled prominent will 
probably decline, especially in areas defoliated for the thrid consecutive year. 


Saddled prominent defoliation in 1969 occurred in several areas of NEW HAMPSHIRE 
indicating potential for outbreak in 1970. Light trap collections in Carroll 
County indicated a heavy population, Peak adult activity occurred between June 

3 and 10. Eggs were very numerous by June 25. An ICHNEUMON WASP (Cratichneumon 
sublatus) waS numerous. On June 25, a total of 586 were taken in a blacklight 
trap. Subsequently an area of at least 100 square miles in Carroll County was 
defoliated (maple and beech). An aerial survey showed complete stripping in the 
area. A CARABID BEETLE (Calosoma frigidum) was very abundant in a 100 square mile 
area; at least one adult per Square yard was found in several areas. Adults and 
larvae were feeding on the larvae of saddled prominent. Saddled prominent in 

New Hampshire expanded into MAINE in 1970 with about 12,000 acres of beech, sugar 
maples, birch, and some other hardwoods having been defoliated at Freyburg, 
Oxford County. Predators increased in New Hampshire and to a lesser extent in 
Maine. The 1971 outlook for the infested area is not promising. 


FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) eggs hatched by May 22 at Fort 
Totten, Benson County, NORTH CAROLINA. Larvae had defoliated 25-90 percent of 
1,000 acres of native trees by late June. Defoliation was not so severe as in 
1969 due to mortality from effects of weather, parasites, and diseases. Defolia- 
tion in northern MINNESOTA spread only 10 miles southwesterly. Heavy defoliation 
was over an area of 400,000 acres in Koochiching County, adjacent to the Canada 
border. Light defoliation covered another 1,500,000 acres. This pest has the 


- 282 - 


potential to become much more serious, as it will defoliate a variety of deciduous 
trees. In the past few years forest tent caterpillar has become established in 
the extreme eastern counties of OHIO. Hatch occurred in late April, and by May 6 
most larvae were half grown. Damage was heaviest on sugar maple, red oak, and 
cherry trees. Early spring surveys indicated forest tent caterpillar would not 

be a problem in Tucker County, WEST VIRGINIA,where it had been noticed in 1969. 
About 60,000 acres in Tyler, Wetzel, Marshall, and Ohio Counties in the north- 
western area would have heavy defoliation. Aerial survey on May 25 failed to 
accurately describe areas of defoliation due to severe frost damage that occurred 
May 6. Another aerial survey June 25-27, after frost damage would normally have 
disappeared, revealed about 150,000 acres to have been seriously damaged. Small 
infested areas were also noted in Preston, Monongalia, and Nocholas Counties. 

Egg survey to delimit range of M. disstria for 1971 has not been made, but it is 
expected to cause moderate to heavy defoliation to hardwoods in northwestern 

West Virginia. 


EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) in MISSOURI was very heavy on 
black cherry and ornamental Prunus in the St. Louis area during the spring, and 
was very heavy on cherry in the southeast area, where it defoliated entire trees. 
Egg masses indicate that infestations will be heavy in 1971. Ornamental owners 
sprayed trees or handpicked colonies. Heavy numbers were reported on Prunus 

and wild cherry throughout southern and eastern Missouri. Eastern tent cater- 
pillar populations in INDIANA were normal except for some heavy populations in 
the southwest district. Egg hatch began in mid-April in southern OHIO on wild 
cherry. Most were last instars by May 11 and migration began after defoliation 
of host trees. Pupation occurred in late May and adults were recorded in black- 
light traps throughout June. The most heavily damaged areas of Ohio were in the 
south and southeast with most damage on wild cherry. Some defoliation occurred 
on apple, flowering crab apple, and maple after larval migration. Eastern tent 
caterpillar has been progressively decreasing in the western area of WEST 
VIRGINIA where it has been heavy for 3 years. However, it has been increasing 

in central and eastern areas. Surveys for egg masses will be made and areas of 
expected heavy infestations will be mapped. Eggs hatched about April 6 in Prince 
Georges County, MARYLAND. Infestations were heavy in Prince Georges, Montgomery, 
Howard, Baltimore, and Harford Counties. Wild cherry and flowering crab apple 
were the most heavily infested hosts. Sixty percent of the wild cherries in 
these counties were 30-100 percent defoliated. Annoyance to homeowners by 
migrating larvae peaked in late April. Pupation occurred in late April and early 
June. Populations of eastern tent caterpillar were quite high throughout NEW 
JERSEY. First hatching was reported on April 6 in Burlington County. Black cherry 
and crab apple trees were severely defoliated. Malacosoma incurvum discoloratunm | 
larvae in NEVADA heavily defoliated many Fremont cottonwoods in Southeastern 
Clark County in April. 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was present in outbreak populations in northern 
WEST VIRGINIA during 1970. Infestations were heavy in this area in 1968 but were 
occasional during 1969. Numerous nests were observed on individual trees and 
about 150,000 acres of hardwoods were generally and heavily infested in the 
northern area. Scattered nests were observed statewide. Defoliation was estimated 
to be slightly higher than in 1969 in OHIO. First instars were observed in early 
June on elm and crab apple trees. Within 7 days webs were evident and averaged 
8-10 inches. Second and third instars were present in mid-June with infestations 
still moderately light. Most were full grown by late August and feeding was at 

a peak. Host plants consisted of wild cherry, elm, crab apple, redbud, dogwood, 
peach, and plum with 100 percent defoliation of some trees. Fall webworm in 
MICHIGAN showed little increase over 1969, but was locally abundant in Ingham 
and Muskegon Counties on birch trees. Infestations were generally light in 
INDIANA. This pest infested a variety of tree species including persimmon, 
hickory, walnut, redbud, boxelder, basswood, and sycamore. Populations were heavy 
in southwest MISSOURI, but infestations were below the level of 1969 in the 
south-central and southeast. Population levels will be repeated in 1971. Except 
for control of individual colonies on ornamentals and nut orchards, no wides- 
spread control was conducted. Populations were again high in western OREGON. Most 


- 283 - 


severe damage was to cottonwood and ash trees in the Columbia River Gorge. Fall 
webworm was heavy on cottonwoods along rivers in northern NEW MEXICO, often 25-50 
webs per tree. Numbers were mostly light and spotted in the Mesilla and Pecos 
Valleys. 


Late broods of OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) became so numerous that 
cars, houses, and trees were thickly covered in Southern NEW HAMPSHIRE, especially 
those near oak trees. It became necessary for householders to syringe their 
walks and driveways to obtain temporary relief. Oak skeletonizer first became 
apparent the week ending July 3. Larval damage was reported from Suffolk, 
Middlesex, Hampshire, and Essex Counties, MASSACHUSETTS. Within 14 days, state- 
wide damage was reported. A second brood was well established by September 4 

at which time some trees had 50-75 percent defoliation. Infestations remained 
heavy into October with many complaints reported. Larvae and pupae were recorded 
as late as October 23. This was the heaviest infestation in several years. This 
pest caused mild concern to a few homeowners in Lackawanna and Susquehanna 
Counties, PENNSYLVANIA, in September when leaves on pin oaks showed damage. Oak 
skeletonizer pupated in La Crosse County, WISCONSIN, on June 26. The second 
generation pupated on August 28. Populations were generally lighter than in 1969, 
except in the central areas. Counts in IOWA were very abundant in Allamakee 
County, part of an outbreak which extended to the State line. 


BIRCH SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix canadensisella) caused extensive defoliation 
throughout MICHIGAN. The most severe damage occurred in the upper Lower Peninsula, 
where there are abundant stands of paper birch. Defoliation is expected again 

in 1971. Although there is little tree mortality, weakened birch are more 
susceptible to attack by BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius). 


In NORTH DAKOTA, females of SPRING CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) emerged the 
first week in April. Eggs of FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) hatched the 
third week in May and adults emerged in mid-October. Adult populations indicate 
increased infestations for 1971. Fall cankerworm and spring cankerworm popula- 
tions were insignificant throughout MICHIGAN. The abundance of an ichneumon wasp 
is believed to have contributed to the decline; heavy parasite populations were 
present in Midland and Oakland Counties. 


LINDEN LOOPER (Erannis tiliaria) during late May caused moderate to heavy 
defoliation of oaks, basswood, elms, and maples over a 20-square-mile area in 

the Catoctin Mountains in Frederick County, MARYLAND. The most heavily infested 
area measures 6 square miles; defoliation ranged 90-100 percent. These infesta- 
tions collapsed May 22-29 due to a viral epizootic. A GEOMETRID MOTH (Anacamptodes 
cypressaria) defoliated about 80 percent of the foliage of the cypress trees in 
Fisheating Creek, Glades County, FLORIDA, late September. Adults were heavy on 
October 9. Defoliation by this species was severe in September 1968, but 
practically nonexistant in 1969. 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula anisocentra) damage ranged moderate to heavy, mostly 

to mimosa, in scattered areaS in the eastern half of OKLAHOMA during August. 

This pest caused light to severe foliar injury to honeylocust and mimosa in 
eastern KANSAS, and especially on mimosa in the southeast. It was first reported 
at Manhattan, Riley County, in mid-June on honeylocust (late larval stage). Mimosa 
webworm was collected in Poweshiek, Jones, and Des Moines Counties, IOWA, for new 
records. It is now found in 21 counties. Infestations in INDIANA appeared to be 
increasing. In OHIO, moderate damage to locust occurred from mid-July throughout 
August with two generations occurring. First-generation larvae appeared in early 
June, and second generation began feeding the first week of August. Feeding was 
consistent but rarely heavy, and more unsightly than damaging. Mimosa webworm 

was troublesome on honeylocust in the southern half of PENNSYLVANIA. In the 
southwestern corner, honeylocust was about 100 percent defoliated by August. 
Mimosa webworm was the major pest of mimosa trees throughout ALABAMA. 


- 284 - 


FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER (Archips argyrospilus) was heavy and widespread on oak and 
other trees and shrubs in CALIFORNIA. OAK LEAFTIER (Croesia albicomana) surveys 
were made during March to estimate areas of possible defoliation in WEST VIRGINIA. 
This survey indicated an area of 53,000 acres had a high potential for defolia- 
tion. This same area was checked again following a severe frost and no larval 
mortality was noted. A combination of frost and oak leaftier defoliated about 
100,000 acres of oak from Barton, Pocahontas County,south to Frankford, Greenbier 
County. Some oak mortality is expected in this area. A complex of species is 
actually involved but determinations for all species have not been made. Some 
parasites were noted. 


ORANGESTRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) damaged pin oak in a State tree 
nursery in MISSOURI during September. Feeding was heavy on infested trees. 
Controls were applied. This insect has not made an appearance for at least ten 
years. Populations are expected to build up in 1971. A SATURNIID MOTH (Hemileuca 
nevadensis) continued a problem on native cottonwoods in White Sands National 
Monument, NEW MEXICO. 


SATIN MOTH (Stilpnotia salicis) larvae in MAINE defoliated poplar around 
Millinocket, Penobscot County. Infestations seemed to be moving north with no 
reduction of populations in infested areas. Parasitism affected a lower percent- 
age of the older larvae. WHITEMARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) 

was reported more frequently than in past years in INDIANA. 


MAPLE TRUMPET SKELETONIZER (Epinotia aceriella) larvae were active throughout 
MAINE. Maples were the principal hosts but beeches and red oaks were also 
infested. Infestations were heavier than in 1969 and occurred primarily in the 
central and south-central areas. This pest was very numerous in southern NEW 
HAMPSHIRE June 15 to September 30. Practically every leaf on trees examined 
(sugar maple) was infested. This pest was a concern to property owners for the 
past several years (1968, 1969). Populations were heaviest in 1970. 


CALIFORNIA OAKWORM (Phryganidia californica) was very damaging to oaks but more 
scattered than in the past five years in CALIFORNIA. LILAC BORER (Podosesia 
Syringae syringae) larvae severely damaged hundréds of blue ash trees, parti- 
cularly in Salt Lake County, UTAH. This was the most damaging borer of shade 
trees during the past 2 years. Damage has spread rapidly since 1967. CARPENTER- 
WORM (Prionoxystus robiniae) continues to be the most destructive of the borers 
of hardwoods in MISSOURI, BIRCH TUBEMAKER (Acrobasis betulella) was reported for 
the first time from Towanda, Bradford County, PENNSYLVANIA, for a new State 
record. Specimens were collected from white birch and determined June 5. Infesta- 
tion was light. 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Pyrrhalta luteola) was abundant in Grant County and noted in 
King County, WASHINGTON. The first adult feeding in IDAHO was noted May 2 at Parma, 
Canyon County, the first eggs May 29. First larval feeding in Gooding County, 

June 2. Elm leaf beetle damage was light in the south-central area and centered 

at Twin Falls, Twin Falls County. Defoliation was severe in certain southwestern 
and northern areas. Generally the severity of defoliation was thought to be due 

to the switch from a persistent to a less persistent insecticide. In WYOMING, this 
pest defoliated many elms at Wheatland, Platte County. It was extremely heavy 

and very widespread in CALIFORNIA; hibernating adults were household pests in 

the State. Elm leaf beetle was widespread throughout ARIZONA. Chinese elm trees 
were severely attacked and many municipalities are gradually eliminating this 

elm. Four thousand trees were sprayed at Winslow in Navajo County. This pest 
spread to additional communities in Kane County, UTAH, and was a major shade tree 
pest in most localities. Damage was well above normal. Elm leaf beetle has become 
almost statewide in NEW MEXICO. Numbers were heavy in De Baca, Chaves, Quay, 
Otero, Socorro, and Sierra Counties, and light to heavy in Dona Ana, Hidalgo, 
Luna, McKinley, Santa Fe, and Torrance Counties. Numbers in cities in Valencia, 
Bernalillo, Sandoval, San Juan, and Rio Arriba Counties built up during spring 

and continued heavy until the leaves began to fall. This pest was again heavy in 
the Rolling Plains and Trans-Pecos areas of TEXAS. Damage occurred in Upton, 


- 285 - 


Glasscock, Motley, Wilbarger, Pecos, Midland, Ward, and Reagan Counties. Elm leaf 
beetle counts were heavy in Cotton County and increasing in all areas of OKLAHOMA 
by mid-May. Defoliation ranged moderate to heavy on Siberian elms in most areas 
during June, July, and August, and was heavy on some isolated American elms in 
Major County. 


In KANSAS, this pest now occurs statewide. Foliar damage on Chinese and Siberian 
elms has been particularly severe and widespread. Controls were applied in many 
areas. First-generation eggs were found hatching about mid-May in Riley, Shawnee, 
and Sedgwick Counties. First-generation larvae were heavy on elm in Barton County 
in late May. Pupation of the first generation had begun by early June in Riley 
County and adults began emerging in late June. Second-generation larvae were 
found in Wichita, Sedgwick County, in early July. By late August, adults were 
reported starting to enter houses for overwintering. Elm leaf beetle caused 
heaviest damage on Siberian elm shade trees. Unless shade trees are sprayed, 
those infested in 1970 will also be affected in 1971 in MISSOURI. In ARKANSAS, 
infestations continue to cause severe damage to Chinese elms in all areas. This 
pest along with Dutch elm disease, and two consecutive years of extreme Summer 
drought in northwest Arkansas, caused death to many of these trees. Very little 
spraying is being done. This pest defoliated many American elms in middle and 
west TENNESSEE during July and August. Emerging adults and first-generation 
larvae were observed in eastern areas in mid-May. Some damage was noted during 
June in eastern areas. Elm leaf beetle continued to defoliate and damage elms on 
lawn and street plantings from central to north ALABAMA. This pest infested 
Chinese elm in the Piedmont area of SOUTH CAROLINA. This pest was reported from 
all areas of WEST VIRGINIA. Infestations were heavy in Marion, Tucker, Randolph, 
and Wood Counties. Damage to elms seems to be more prevalent in northern and 
eastern areas. In INDIANA, the first generation was light and the second genera- 
tion normal. Elm leaf beetle was reported from Monona, Montgomery, and Taylor 
Counties, IOWA, for the first time. 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) appears to be in all 
southwestern areas of IDAHO. Adults were flying by April 27, ahead of the normal 
May 15 emergence. Spray schedules were followed only at Boise, Ada County, and 

at Caldwell, Canyon County, Memorial Park. In all other areas chemical treatments 
were not used and trees infected with Dutch elm disease were not removed. Dutch 
elm disease was first found in 1969 at New Plymouth, Payette County. In 1970, 

the disease infected 45 percent of the elms. Adults were heavy on an American elm 
in Laramie County, WYOMING, for a new State record. Dutch elm disease was verified 
from the same tree. This pest was found in the following MINNESOTA counties for 
new records: Rock, Nobles, Jackson, Murray, Cottonwood, Watonwan, and Brown. 
Emergence of the S. multistriatus in WISCONSIN was noted by June 5 compared with 
June 20 in 1969. Adult activity of NATIVE ELM BARK BEETLE (Hylurgopinus rufipes) 
was noticed on May 5 compared with May 15 in 1969. Despite heavy winter mortality, 
conditions were favorable so the incidence of Dutch elm disease appeared heavier 
than normal. Verification of H. rufipes has been made as far north as Sawyer and 
probably Bayfield County. Native elm bark beetle adults appeared in window traps 
in Cass County, NORTH DAKOTA, the first week of May. Morton County was a new county 
record. A BARK BEETLE (Xylosandrus compactus) continued to be a widespread pest 

of numerous forest and Shade trees in FLORIDA, such as oak, sweetgum, magnolia, 
redbud, and dogwood. This pest introduces a fungus into the twigs which causes 
death and "flagging" of branch terminals. There is no general or practical 

control for this pest. 


TWIG GIRDLER (Oncideres cingulata) was the most frequently reported beetle pest 
of trees in INDIANA and was more abundant than in past years. Damage in OKLAHOMA 
was heavy to shade trees, especially elms, during the first half of October. 
Heaviest reports were from Washita and Payne Counties. LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene 
robiniae) damage in UTAH remains severe in Salt Lake and Davis Counties; it has 
spread northward to Roy, Weber County. 


- 286 - 


ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) defoliation occurred over wide areas 
in MISSOURI with heavy damage being concentrated in Wayne, Madison, Dent, Iron, 
and Texas Counties. Larval and pupal surveys were made in Madison County in late 
spring and early summer. Population levels in 1971 will compare with those of 
1970. No suppression was attempted. Defoliation was common on oaks throughout 
south-central Missouri. New records were reported from Marion and Pike Counties. 
A SEED BEETLE (Amblycerus robinae) was found in honeylocust seed pods at 
Sacramento, Sacramento County, CALIFORNIA. This was a new State record. There 

was a major outbreak of LOCUST LEAFMINER (Xenochalepus dorsalis) in middle and 
east TENNESSEE during July which caused severe damage to locust trees. A peak 

was noted in mid-July and no spread was noted after July. This pest has continued 
heavy for the past several years in MARYLAND. Populations were light to moderate 
statewide. Areas along State Highway 50 in Anne Arundel County were the most 
heavily damaged. 


COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta) adults and larvae caused extensive 
damage to native willows and elder bushes throughout TENNESSEE. In some areas, 
willows died. 


PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada septendecim) was observed on May 26 at Union Town- 
ship, Hunterdon County, and at Princeton, Mercer County, NEW JERSEY. Severe damage 
occurred in these areas, oak was the preferred host. Extensive twig damage from 
the egg-laying activities were recorded in all eastern WEST VIRGINIA counties. 
The area of occurrence has changed very little from emergence in 1953. The 
Allegheny Mountain front marks the westward boundary. Brood eleven will appear 

in 1971 in Fayette County. 


In MARYLAND, emergence of M. septendecim began May 20 and peaked June 1 in Prince 
Georges County. M. septendécula emerged June 1 and peaked June 8 in Anne Arundel, 
Baltimore, and Harford Counties. Emergence of M. Septendecim occurred a week to 
10 days later in the higher elevations of Washington and Frederick Counties. 
Rapid declines due to natural mortality occurred June 20 to July 3 for M. 
septendecim with M. septendecula declines a week to 10 days later. Heavy infesta- 
tions of M. septendecim were reported from Prince Georges, Anne Arundel, 
Baltimore, Harford, Cecil, Carroll, Howard, Montgomery, Frederick, Washington, 
Allegany, and Garrett Counties. No other counties had emergences of Magicicada 
species. Populations of M. septendecula were heaviest in several isolated areas 
along the Fall Line in Prince Georges, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, and Harford 
Counties. Damage was heaviest in northwest Baltimore City. Egg hatch occurred 
from July 27 to August 5. "Flags" of a PERIODICAL CICADA (Magicicada sp.) were 
observed in most southern INDIANA deciduous forests and woodlots. Adults were 
probably as numerous in the southern district as in 1953. There is some evidence 
this pest was less numerous in northern Indiana. In TENNESSEE, a major outbreak 
of Brood X occurred during May and June in 41 counties. In most cases, no damage 
was reported; however, damage did occur in 16 counties. 


A CICADA (Diceroprocta apache) abundantly emerged during early July in the Salt 
River Valley, Maricopa County, ARIZONA. Much tip damage occurred on ash, bottle- 
brush, carob, and mimosa. Egg laying damage and a long hot, dry summer’ killed 
many young trees. Adults of D. apache caused medium to heavy twig damage to various 
shade trees, especially elms, in Southern Clark County, NEVADA, in July. 


A MIRID (Orthotylus chlorionis) caused considerable damage to honeylocust through- 
out western PENNSYLVANIA. Infestations were severe enough to cause extremely 
shabby appearing foliage. ASH PLANT BUG (Tropidosteptes amoenus) was noted 
cauSing severe distortion of ash in Jackson County, WISCONSIN, on May 25. 


COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) was heavy on most maples throughout 
central and eastern WASHINGTON. EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) populations 
were normal in UTAH. This pest appears to be an endemic problem on American elms 
in Santa Fe and San Juan Counties, NEW MEXICO. TERRAPIN SCALE (Lecanium nigro- 
fasciatum) was locally abundant on oak in SOUTH CAROLINA. 


- 287 - 


OBSCURE SCALE (Melanaspis obscura) is one of the most serious pests of oaks in 
central MARYLAND. Heavy infestations caused considerable "dieback" to street 
plantings of willow and white oaks in the College Park and Greenbelt areas of 
Prince Georges County. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) was serious on 
willow in UTAH. 


An APHID (Prociphilus fraxinifolii) infested and distorted up to 70-95 percent 
of the leaves on individual ash trees in Douglas, Ormsby, and Washoe Counties, 
NEVADA, in May and June. Pemphigus monophagus produced many galls on Populus 
angustifolia at Garden City, Rich County, UTAH. This was a new State record. 

It was a conspicuous gall maker on the same trees for at least 10 years. NORWAY 
MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus) was very abundant and abnormally heavy 
counts were observed on leaves of Acer platanoides in several northern OREGON 
counties. 


Weather of the week continued from page 258. 


western part of the Gulf of Mexico. It caused fair skies over wide areas. Rains 
fell at midweek along the northern Pacific coast in connection with a storm in 
that area. Snow fell in the mountains. Austin, Nevada, received 6 inches of new 
snow Wednesday forenoon. Heavy rains along the Oregon coast Friday were accompa- 
nied by strong winds. High winds accompanied and followed a cold front passage 
across the northern and central Great Plains Saturday. Sunny weather prevailed 
over almost the entire Nation Sunday. 


TEMPERATURE: A large high pressure area moved southward across the middle of the 
Nation in the first half of week. It brought mostly clear skies and some chilly 
temperatures. Eagle River, Wisconsin, registered -50° Monday morning. Freezing 
temperatures occurred in the Deep South at midweek. New Orleans, Louisiana, 
registered 32° Thursday morning. Never before had the mercury plunged to the 
freezing mark at New Orleans so late in the spring. In contrast to cold temper- 
atures in the East, the Southwest was hot and southerly breezes brought a warming 
trend to the central Great Plains. Temperatures reached the 90's in spots in the 
southwestern deserts on Monday and Tuesday afternoons, and the 80's in South 
Dakota and Nebraska on Wednesday. Pierre and Aberdeen, South Dakota, registered 
85° Wednesday afternoon. Thursday and Friday were slightly cooler, but southerly 
winds Saturday pushed temperature at Pierre, South Dakota, to 86° before a cold 
front passage. By Sunday morning, the mercury at Pierre had tumbled to 41° and it 
rose no higher than 56° in the afternoon. Temperatures averaged warmer than 
normal northwest of a line from western Texas to northern Lower Michigan, and 
cooler than normal southeast of that line, The Dakotas and portions of nearby 
States averaged 6°-10° or more warmer than normal. Parts of the Deep South 
averaged more than 6° cooler than normal. (Summary supplied by Environmental 
Data Service, ESSA.) 


CONTRIBUTORS 
ALABAMA 

H,F. McQueen 
ARIZONA 

J.E, May 
ARKANSAS 

W.P. Boyer 
CALIFORNIA 


R.M. Hawthorne 


COLORADO 
L.E. Jenkins 


DELAWARE 
P,P, Burbutis 
J. Franklin 


FLORIDA 

F.W. Mead 
HAWAII 

K.F., Kawamura 
IDAHO 

R.W. Portman 
ILLINOIS 

H,B., Petty 
INDIANA 

R.W, Meyer 
IOWA 


H. Gunderson 


NORTH CAROLINA WISCONSIN 
KANSAS T.N. Hunt M.S, Conrad 
K.O, Bell 
NORTH DAKOTA WYOMING 
MAINE W.J. Brandvik A.E,. Parshall 
A. Gall 
OHIO 
MARYLAND R.W. Rings 
J.L, Hellman W.K, Roach 
Included in the "Summary of Insect Conditions in the United States - 1970" are 
the following special reports: 
1. The highlights section of Forest Insect Conditions in the 


United States - 1970, 


- 288 - 


MASSACHUSETTS 

G.L. Jensen 
MICHIGAN 

R.J. Sauer et al. 
MINNESOTA 

R. Flaskerd 
MISSISSIPPI 

C.F. Sartor 
MISSOURI 

R.E, Munson 
MONTANA 

CARA Pirate 
NEBRASKA 

D.L. Keith 
NEVADA 

L.M,. Burge 


NEW HAMPSHIRE 
R.L. Blickle 


NEW JERSEY 

S.R. Race 
NEW MEXICO 

G.L. Nielsen 
NEW YORK 

A.A. Muka 


Department of Agriculture. 


OKLAHOMA 
D.C, Arnold 


OREGON 
R, Penrose 


PENNSYLVANIA 
S.G, Gesell 


RHODE ISLAND 
G. Field 


SOUTH CAROLINA 
W.C, Nettles 


SOUTH DAKOTA 


P.A, Jones 
TENNESSEE 

C.D. Gordon 
TEXAS 

L.R, Green 
UTAH 


G.F. Knowlton 


VIRGINIA 
W.A. Allen et al. 


WASHINGTON 
R.F. Harwood 


WEST VIRGINIA 
J.D. Hacker 


compiled by the Forest Service, U.S. 


2. Secrewworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Summary compiled by 
Animal Health Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 


ae 
«< * v Mate Pht be 


sr ge 79 ThSwrrneene &>T* 
4 


| Lie tar! saeiiens |; Me 


Y UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 


OFFICIAL BUSINESS 


POSTAGE & FEES PAID 
United States Department of Agriculture 


4 
‘ 
= 
; 
5 
3 
- 


BO dd wk 


dads 


A 
we