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PLANT PEST CONTROL ost 
NGRICULTURAL Sta ERVICE 


ATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 


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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic.Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 July 4, 1958 Number 27 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS moving to crops in Idaho and New Mexico. Troublesome in areas 
of California. Counts reduced in western Kansas counties by control program, 
(p. 577). EUROPEAN CORN BORER eggs as far north as Muskegon-Bay City line 
in Michigan. Feeding heavy on central Iowa corn. Pupation complete and some 
emergence in several States. (p. 578). ARMYWORM damaging in Illinois, 
Kansas and Nebraska; larval counts high in Kansas. (p. 579). 


CHINCH BUG heavy in Texas and Oklahoma. (p. 579). CORN EARWORM continues to 
increase in Alabama and is heavy in Oklahoma. (p. 579). Damaging beans in 
North Carolina. (p. 588). CLOVER SEED WEEVIL reported in Illinois for first 
time. (p. 582). 


PLUM CURCULIO very abundant in North Carolina peaches. (p. 584). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE more abundant in Idaho than in past years. (p. 586). 
Fourth POTATO PSYLLID survey in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska. (p. 586). 
STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE abundant and damaging in Several States. (p. 587). 
SQUASH BUG numerous in areas of Oklahoma and New Mexico. (p. 587). 

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE moderately damaging to beans in Delaware and abundant in 
South Carolina. (p. 587). BEET LEAFHOPPER becoming active on tomatoes in 
southern Idaho. Curly top increasing in Utah. (p. 588). ; 


TARNISHED PLANT BUG moderate on Alabama cotton and light to heavy generally 
over delta counties of Mississippi. (p. 590). 


Court decision announced on GYPSY MOTH case, Long Island, New York. Survey 
in Pennsylvania. (p. 591). 


CORRECTIONS. (p. 595). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 593). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 597). 


FORO IO RK aA SI I GK aK 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending June 27, unless otherwise 
designated. 


576 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
JULY 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for July calls for temperatures to average 
above seasonal normals in the southern half of the country from tle Rockies to 
the Atlantic. Below normal temperatures are anitcipated in the Plateau region 
and also in states along the northern border from the Great Lakes to the 
Pacific. In areas not specified temperatures should average not far from 
normal. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal in the Upper Mississippi 

Valley, Northern Plains and Pacific Northwest. Near normal amounts are pre- 
dicted over New England, the Great Lakes region, the Central Plains and the 
Gulf and South Atlantic Coasts. In the remainder of the nation subnormal rain- 
fall is in prospect. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and 
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe 
through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, 
$2.40 a half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JUNE 30 


Temperatures for the week, featured by a record-breaking cool snap for late 
June in the mid-Continent area, averaged below and above normal east and west 
of the Continental Divide, respectively. The cool snap occurred June 24 to 27 
as cold air from Canada, pouring in behind an extensive area of low pressure 
centered over the Great Lakes, covered all the Nation except the extreme South-— 
west. Lowest temperatures ranged from the 50's in Texas and the lower Mississippi 
Valley to the 30's and 40's near the Canadian Border. New record lows for so 
late in June were reported from scattered points throughout the Mississippi 
Valley and Great Plains, and many stations in Texas recorded their lowest on 
record for the month of June on the 26th and 27th. A low of 25° occurred at 
Pactola Dam, S. Dak., and damage to gardens and beans in the State occurred 

in spotted areas. Bemidji, Minn., recorded 27° on the 23d, but no crop dam- 
age was reported from that State. Unseasonably cool weather has now prevailed 
for 2 months in the Northeast, and early figures indicate the coolest June on 
record at several northeastern stations. These stations include New Haven 

and Hartford, Conn., and Providence, R. I. At Philadelphia, Pa., the June 
average of 67.8° was the lowest since 1907. 


Most of the week's rainfall occurred along the leading edge of cold air as it 
moved across the Nation. Totals, although varying greatly in short distances, 
generally ranged from 1/2 to 2 inches from the eastern Great Plains to the 
Atlantic coast and in scattered sections of the Northwest. Many local 
thunderstorms produced 3 to 6 inches, but heavy rains did not occur over 
extensive areas as in previous weeks and no serious flooding developed. 

Flood waters at most points along the White and Wabash Rivers in Indiana had 
receded by the end of the week, leaving farmers with the problem of replanting. 
Rains of the past week still did not bring enough moisture to some extreme 
north central areas. Wisconsin reports that the soil generally is too dry 

and that most streams and lakes are low. Moisture is short in southeastern 
South Dakota, northern North Dakota, and northeastern Montana. Precipitation 
in the dry areas of Montana and North Dakota for the period January 1 to 

June 30 remains about 50 percent of normal. Severe thunderstorms with dam- 
aging hail developed in many northern areas along the leading edge of cold 

air which produced the midweek cool snap, but no outstanding single storm 

was reported. Severe windstorms occurred in the central Columhia and Snake 
River Basins of Oregon on the 23d, and high winds in California on the 29th 
measured 75 m.p.h. at Point Reyes, and 44 m.p.h., in gusts at the San Francisco 
Airport. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


577 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - NEVADA — Nymphs extremely heavy in Pahranagat Valley, Lincoln 
County, and damaging alfalfa and corn. (Bunker, June 20). SOUTH CAROLINA - 
Unusually numerous on permanent pastures near Clemson. (Nettles et al.) 

MONTANA - Grasshoppers and crickets present in large numbers in at least 7 
areas of northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. Northeastern counties infested 
with Melanoplus bivittatus and M. bilituratus. (PPC, West. Reg., May Rpt.). 
WYOMING - Hatching observed in many sections of State during May. Infestations 
that were heavier than in 1957 were observed in Goshen and Platte Counties, 

May 21. (PPC, West. Reg., May Rpt.). IDAHO - M. bilituratus, mostly fourth 
instar nymphs, 35 per square yard moving from wasteland to adjacent wheat 

field margins in Michaud Flats area near American Falls. (Gittins). Camnula 
pellucida, largely third instar, up to 200 per square yard in small area near 
Moyle Springs, Boundary County. (Portman). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 3-10 per square 
yard generally on rangeland and roadsides in southwestern counties. Light 
general damage to crop margins. (Hudson, Hatfield). Generally very light, 2-5 
per square yard, in northeastern range area. Melanoplus spp. and Mermeria sp. 
predominant forms. (Coppock). UTAH - Several areas of abundance in Uintah, 
Duchesne, Grand, Emery and San Juan Counties. Damaging gardens in several 
locations. (Knowlton). TEXAS -— Heavy in Sherman County, attacking grass and 
sorghums. (Goule). CALIFORNIA - M. devastator heavy, migrating across highway 
for several miles each side of Sloughhouse area, Sacramento-Amador County line. 
Heavy damage to dryland pastures, Menlo Park area, San Mateo County. In 
Stanislaus County, averaged 35 per square yard in Salida area, about 90 percent 
M. devastator and 10 percent Oedaleonotus enigma. High numbers on ditch banks 
and drainage canals, San Joaquin County. Controls begun. No nymphs of Camnula 
pellucida in Alpine County area treated in 1957. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - 
Hatching and development in western and central districts delayed by cool weath- 
er. Nymphs of M. bivittatus mostly first and second instars, some third and 
fourth, Clay, Wilkin, Pope and Stearns Counties. Ranged from less than 5 to 

20 per square yard along margins and roadside ditches. M. femur-rubrum hatch 
confined to occasional favored location, eggs from eye-spot to full development. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Spotted, common along field margins throughout 
northwest area, with O-16 per square yard. No crop damage observed. (Kyd, 
Thomas). NEW MEXICO - Leaving dry ranges, moving into crops in Luna County. 
Heavy damage in spots. Damaged alfalfa and grain near Isleta, Bernalillo 
County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS - Cooperative Federal-County control 
program about 85 percent complete in western counties. Roadsides treated by 
air in 6 counties and by ground equipment in 12 additional counties. Federal 
and State highways and railroad right-of-ways included in program. Roadside 
counts reduced from highs of 250 per square yard to less than 5. Untreated 
roadsides, lanes, fence rows, etc. Still range to 90 per square yard but ‘gen- 
erally 30-60. M. bivittatus, M. bilituratus, and Aeoloplides turnbulli dom- 
inant species. “Range-Teeding Species generally averaged 90 per Square yard 
with Aulocara elliotti and Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum the dominant species 
with many Other species making up the range complex. Feeding on range grass 
readily observed, but heavy growth of range cover overshadows damage in most 
areas. Heavy flight on June 26. Threatening to severe in most areas in north 
central counties, often throughout whole fields of alfalfa and wheat. Damage 
to corn along field margins where no controls have been applied. Averaged 15-45 
per square yard in this area, M. bivittatus and M. differentialis the dominant 
species, with fewer numbers of M. bilituratus. (Matthew). 


MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Reportedly hatched in Forchea 
Mountains, Piute County. (Knowlton). 


BILLBUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Caused some severe localized damage, Clarendon 
County. Outstanding results noted in control in Clarendon, Williamsburg, Horry 
and Florence Counties. Estimates in Florence County indicate 50 percent of 
corm acreages infested and that 25 percent of crop will be lost to this insect. 
(Nettles et al.). 


578 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Moths and first eggs, 
June 9. (Wheeler). NEW JERSEY - Borers have hatched but eggs still being laid 
in Burlington County area June 17. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - Newly 
hatched larvae on corn tassels, Northampton and Lehigh Counties. (Menusan) . 
MARYLAND - First-brood egg-laying about complete. Infestation generally light. 
Some large fields on Eastern Shore 30-60 percent infested. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
VIRGINIA - Severe on corn on 3-4 farms, Northumberland County. (Saville). 
Damaged corn in Franklin County, but large numbers of parasitic wasp cocoons 
present. (Rowell, Tucker). ALABAMA - First-generation larvae continue 
destructive in corn in northern part of State. Most are full-grown but no 
pupae have been observed. A larva collected in a Randolph County garden plot 
on June 22 is first for this county. (Guyton). WISCONSIN - Hatching begun in 
Grant, Crawford and Rock Counties. Infestations light on advanced field corn 
and market sweet corn. About 40 percent hatched. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 

MINNESOTA - Moth emergence approximately 75 percent in southern half of State. 
Cool weather has restricted moth activity and egg counts remain low, highest 
was 24 egg masses per 100 plants in a field of early corn in Rock County. Most 
averaged 0-4 egg masses per 100 plants. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MICHIGAN - Laying 
eggs as far north as the Muskegon-Bay City line. Corn development is late. 
(Hutson, June 20). ILLINOIS - Pupation complete throughout State, moth 
emergence complete except in northern 2 tiers of counties where it varies 

from 50-75 percent. Generally borers are more noticeable in west side of 

State than on east. Egg-laying practically complete in western section north 
of St. Louis. Egg-laying still low in northwestern section, coid nights have 
prevented moth flights and egg-laying. Egg-laying just beginning in northe 
eastern section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). INDIANA - Corn 36 inches tall averaged 

one infested plant per 100 in northern area. Fifty-four inch corn in Newton 
County averaged 3 infested plants per 100. Larvae in first instar. No egg 
masses found. (Gould). 


IOWA - Development delayed by cool weather. In central third of State feed- 
ing ranged 28 percent on 36-inch corn to 96 percent on 40-50 inch corn, with 
2-8 first-instar larvae per plant and 10-36 unhatched egg masses per 100 plants. 
In northern third of State feeding ranged 0-80 percent on 30-40 inch corn 

with 6 first-instar larvae per plant and 0-40 unhatched egg masses per 100 
plants. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MISSOURI - In central area emergence, egg-laying 
and hatch completed, larvae mainly third instar, range first to fifth. Some 
entering stalks of earliest planted corn. In northwest, emergence is 95 
percent complete. Cool weather slowed egg-laying but egg masses averaged 
10-36 per 100 stalks. Larvae in first to third instars. (Kyd, Thomas). 
ARKANSAS - Larvae pupating, numerous in northeast, east and southeast areas. 
Moth emergence anticipated July 5-10. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Pupation 
completed, emergence and oviposition extremely slow. Egg masses per 100 
plants were 4 at Columbus, June 17; 2 at Marietta, June 18; 3 at Milan and 

2 at Toledo, June 18; 5 in Putnam County, June 24. All on earliest sweet 

corn in each area. (Triplehorn). OKLAHOMA - In sweet and dent corn, Payne 
County, and sweet corn at Bixby, Tulsa County. First generation about 30 
percent pupated at Bixby. (Arbuthnot). NORTH DAKOTA - Pupation complete in 
southeastern section. Some moth emergence in Richland County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg masses averaged 59 per 100 plants with 37 percent of plants 
showing shothole injury in southeast area. Larvae, predominantly first instar, 
averaged 310 per 100 plants. In east central area egg masses averaged 24 per 
100 plants with 2 percent of plants showing injury. First-instar larvae 
averaged 15 per 100 plants. (Hantsbarger). 


BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - DELAWARE - Caused noticeable damage to sweet 
corn near Bridgeville. (Conrad). VIRGINIA - Catches of adults unusually high 
in light trap on the Eastern Shore. (Morris). COLORADO - Appearing in light 
traps in Baca County. (Exp. Sta.). 


579 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - DELAWARE - Heavily damaged approximately 20 
percent of first 4 rows of corn adjacent to rye, central Sussex County. 
(Conrad). PENNSYLVANIA - Usually spotted in hilly areas, Fayette County. Not 
migrating. Not expected to be serious. (Udine). VIRGINIA - Attacks on nearly 


mature rye on the Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). Medium on small grain and corn 
in one area of Bland County. (Mallory). Severe in corn and timothy in 2 
Smyth County locations. (Eller). OHIO - Destructive numbers appeared in num- 


ber of fields in Butler County, in early June. (Flake). ILLINOIS - Damaged 
small grain and grass in scattered spots throughout State, particularly in 
northwest. As many as 12 per square foot have been reported. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). 
MISSOURI - Parasites, predators and diseases have almost eliminated problem in 
extreme northwest area. (Kyd, Thomas). MINNESOTA - No reports of damage. 

Few moths taken in light traps at Fergus Falls. Pupae observed in Otter Tail 
County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Few larvae in barley and wheat, some 
locations in southeastern section. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - 
Scattered reports of non-economic larval infestations from Union, Clay and 
Haakon Counties. (Hantsbarger). KANSAS - Continued to damage wheat and down 
barley in north central fields. Up to 80 per square foot in localized areas 
under lodged heavy plant growth. Some movement from small grain to corn-and 
sorghum. (Marvin). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Few on corn, Northampton 
and Lehigh Counties. (Menusan). SOUTH CAROLINA —- Seriously affecting several 
small corn fields, Saluda County. (Nettles et al.). OKLAHOMA —- Heavy on 
corn, sorghum and Bermuda grass in eastern section, lighter in extreme north~ 
east. (Coppock, Washum). TEXAS - Heavy in Kaufman County, attacking corn and 
grain sorghum. (Davis). 


A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - MISSOURI - Widely scattered infestations continued 
to damage small corn, soybeans and grain sorghums in central and northeastern 
areas. All severe infestations in fields which were in lespedeza in 1957. 
(Kyd, Thomas). TENNESSEE - Larvae damaged few soybeans and young corn fields 
in western part of State. (Mullett). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - One egg found in examining 50 silks 
in sprayed field in Burlington County June 18. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - 
Increased in early field corn, western Sussex County. Small numbers in Kent 
County alfalfa. (Conrad). MARYLAND - Larvae in whorls of early sweet corn at 
McGinnis. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaged peanuts in Sussex County 
(Amos, Parson) and feeding on whorls of corn in many fields over State (Morris). 
NORTH CAROLINA - Averaged less than one egg per silk on sweet corn at Faison, 
Duplin County. (Farrier). SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous in Pee Dee area. 

(Nettles et al.). ALABAMA - Continued to increase in northern and southern 
areas. Seriously attacked 300 acres of corn in Coffee County. Almost 100 
percent of ears of early maturing corn damaged in north central part of State. 
(Grimes). IOWA - Eggs on fresh corn silks in Muscatine County. (Iowa Ins. 
Inf.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy in east central and northeastern sections, except 
extreme northeastern counties. Damage severe to sweet corn in Bixby area, 
Tulsa County, and eggs averaged 40 per silk mass. Up to 9 larvae per corn 

ear noted. (Walton, Coppock). TEXAS - Occurring on grain sorghum heads. 
(Randolph). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - Spotted in Elmore and Bibb 
Counties. (Grimes). IOWA — Few on corn in central area, and reported on grain 
sorghum in Taylor County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). WISCONSIN - Has built up large 
colonies on barley in some locations. (Wis. Coop. Sur., Jume 20). NORTH 

DAKOTA - Mixed with English grain aphid in small grain fields throughout 
southeastern area. Non-economic, but increased over preceding week. (N. D. 

Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Small colonies appearing on eastern corn and sorghum. 
(Hantsbarger). 


580 


CORN ROOT APHID (Anuraphis maidi-radicis) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate 
on field corn, Kent and Charles Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


CUTWORMS - MASSACHUSETTS - Continued destructive in many alfalfa fields. 
(Wheeler, June 20). WISCONSIN - Damage to late-planted sweet corn con- 
tinued, but appeared to be light in most fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.) 


DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - Increased in sweet 
and field corn, Sussex County. (Conrad) . 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Increased in corn through- 
out southern and central areas. Has been very destructive to all corn 
crops this year. (Ruffin). LOUISIANA - Light, scattered on corn in Caddo 
and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). 


FLEA BEETLES - OKLAHOMA —- Seriously damaged young broomcorn, Garvin 
County. (Henderson). Some damage to late-planted corn and sorghums in 


eastern counties. (Coppock). ILLINOIS - Chaetocnema pulicaria averaged 
2-3 per corn plant in southern part of State. (TI1. Ins. Rpt.). 


TENNESSEE - Various species heavily -injured young corn fields in western 
area. (Mullett). 


GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - KANSAS - In eastern area alfalfa 

fields and moderate to severe webbing in many fields where not controlled. 
(Burkhardt). MISSOURI - Heavy damage continued to small corn, soybeans and 
alfalfa over southwest area. Very light numbers on these crops in northwest 
area. (Kyd, Thomas). ARK.’ - Numerous in alfalfa, considerable damage sever-— 
al areas. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Numbers decreasing in alfalfa. (Randolph). 
LOUISIANA - Drastic decline on alfalfa, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. Some 
infestations on corn and soybeans in Concordia Parish. (Spink). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Single specimen found 
on field corn, New Castle County, and several observed feeding on more 
advanced soybeans, Kent County. (Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults 
injured soybean and corn on several farms in Craven and Pamlico Counties. 
(Jackson, Jones). Adults emerged in Guilford County. (Farrier). WEST 
VIRGINIA —- Adults appearing in southern counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


SLUGS - PENNSYLVANIA - Rain and cool weather have been favorable for slug 
injury which is quite heavy and general on corn in southern half of State. 
(Pepper). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Building up in grain sorghun, 
first generation pDupating. (Randolph). 


SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Damage moderate 
in Etowah County. (Ruffin). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - OKLAHOMA —- First gen- 
eration pupation approximately 75 percent at Bixby, Tulsa County. 
(Arbuthnot). ARKANSAS - Larvae pupating in Pulaski, Lonoke and Jefferson 
Counties. Second-generation emergence anticipated July 5-10. (Ark. Ins. 
Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Light on corn in Caddo and Bossier Parishes. Majority 
in pupal state. (Spink). 


SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) -—- NORTH CAROLINA - Injured corn in 
scattered areas with 10 percent loss to 5 acres in Bladen County. (Whaley, 
Farrier). 


YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - TENNESSEE - General, 
although not heavy in western part of State. (Mullett). 


581 


SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Second-generation 
larvae in first, Second and third instars heavy on corn at Crowley. Eggs 
and small larvae extremely light at Simmesport. From 45-88 percent of 
first-generation larvae in sugarcane have pupated and 12-50 percent have 
emerged. Number of second-generation young larvae increasing. (Spink). 


BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - UTAH -— Moderate to sometimes severe 
in some grain fields, Juab, Tooele, Salt Lake and Box Elder Counties. 
(Knowlton) . 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - WISCONSIN - Appear to be 
diminishing in small grain in Dodge County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 

MINNESOTA - Continued high in many fields in northwest district, some 
reduction in individual fields. Populations vary greatly, 8-250 per linear 
foot of row. Predators continue low. Few fields have been treated. 

(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Heavy on small grains, principally oats, 
throughout eastern area. Up to hundreds per plant in some fields. 
(Hantsbarger). NORTH DAKOTA - Non-economic in most southeastern small 
grain fields. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). IDAHO - Apparently building up in 

wheat fields near Genesee, Latah County. (Smith). UTAH - Generally 

scarce on barley and wheat throughout most of State. (Knowlton). 

NEVADA - Developing economic populations 2-3 weeks earlier than in previous 
years. Cool weather has been favorable for this increase. High, several 
wheat fields, Pershing, Churchill Counties. (Bechtel et al., June 20). 


SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - IDAHO - General throughout central 
and eastern areas. Most abundant in Twin Falls area, eastern Jerome 
County and north of Preston. Egg clusters abundant in some fields. 
(Gittins). 


STINK BUGS — ALABAMA —- Nezara viridula heavy on soybeans and other crops 
in Baldwin County. (Grimes). NEW MEXICO - Building up rapidly in most 
crops throughout State. Light on grain in Taos, Rio Arriba, Bernalillo 
and Santa Fe Counties. Averaged 8 per sweep in wheat at Estancia, 
Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA — Adults averaged 2-5 
per 10 sweeps in Graham and Pinal Counties. (Mendenhall, June 19). 
NEVADA - Have developed extremely heavy populations on native vegetation 
in most areas of State. Now moving to cultivated crops. (Bechtel, 

June 20). 


ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - UTAH - Common, occasionally 
numerous, in alfalfa, Weber and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton) . 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Collected from additional 
27 towns, now in 10 counties. Noticeable damage in 2 fields. (Wheeler, 
June 20). PENNSYLVANIA - Five fields infested in Fayette County near 

West Virginia border. New county. Retarding second-cutting in Mifflin 
County. (Udine). Decrease in southeast area. (Menusan). IDAHO - Has 
caused below normal damage generally throughout eastern part of State. 
(Gittins). UTAH - Serious in unsprayed Wasatch County fields. Severe to 
moderately severe over most of Uintah and Duchesne Counties. (Knowlton). 


BLISTER BEETLES - SOUTH DAKOTA - Epicauta fabricii continues heavy, up to 
30 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in some areas. (Hantsbarger). VIRGINIA - 
Caused spotted, localized damage to alfalfa near Lexington, Rockbridge 
County. (Woodside). Medium on alfalfa in one area of Grayson County. 
(Simpson). 


CLOVER LOOPER (Caenurgina crassiuscula) — CALIFORNIA - Heavy in alfalfa 
plantings in Fresno area, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., June 20). 


582 


CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris)- ILLINOIS - Collected near 
Fulton, Whiteside County, June 4. First record for State. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - IDAHO - Averaged 3-4 larvae 
per red clover root near Nampa. (Waters). 


A CLOVER WEEVIL (Hypera meles) -— RHODE ISLAND - Larvae more abundant 
than usual in alfalfa fields. (Kerr). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - UTAH - Serious in alfalfa in some areas. 
Nymphs abundant in many areas. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Heavy in several 
areas of west and central parts of State. (Garner). 


LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on 
mixed green pastures at Woodfords, Alpine County, along with an aphid, 
Macrosiphum sp. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - PENNSYLVANIA - L. lineolaris up to 4 per sweep 
in alfalfa in southwestern part of State. (Udine). LOUISIANA - Lygus 
lineolaris light to moderate in alfalfa in Caddo and Bossier Parishes. 
(Spink). SOUTH DAKOTA - Up to 40 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast 
and east central areas. (Hantsbarger). UTAH —- adults and nymphs num- 
erous in alfalfa fields, Duchesne and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton). 
TEXAS - averaged 3-7 per 5 sweeps in alfalfa. (Randolph). NEW MEXICO - 
Building up rapidly in alfalfa throughout State. Considerable damage to 
seed alfalfa in four counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA —- Damaged 
alfalfa in Graham and Pinal Counties. (Mendenhall, June 19). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - ILLINOIS - Adults very 
abundant in legumes in northern area; as many as 100 per sweep. (111. 
Ins. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Heavy on alfalfa in Grayson County. Averaged 
5-12 per plant in one field. (Simpson). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) -— MINNESOTA - Continued high in alfalfa in 
south central, southwest and west central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 
ILLINOIS — From 220-3200 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa and clover over the 
State. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Cool weather favoring high pop- 
ulations in many areas; 100 per sweep. (Hantsbarger). NEVADA - Generally 
moderate to heavy in alfalfa in most areas of State, particularly northern 
half. Controls applied in some areas. (Bechtel, et al., June 20). 

NEW MEXICO - Moderate in most alfalfa in northern area. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae)-— PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing in southeast 
area. (Menusan). Less than 1 per sweep in Fayette. Few nymphs. (Udine). 
ILLINOIS - Nymphs appearing in alfalfa in southern half of State. Adults 
average 137 per 100 sweeps in west southwest section. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). 
MARYLAND - Continues light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - TENNESSEE - Light in Knox 
County. (Hammett). OKQAHOMA - Extremely low in east central and north- 
eastern counties. (Coppock). TEXAS - Medium to heavy, up to 200 per 
sweep. (Randolph). 


SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) - IDAHO - Throughout Boundary 
County. (Portman). NORTH DAKOTA - One seedling sweetclover field has 
100 percent infestation of 6-8 aphids per plant in Ransom County. (N. D. 
Ins. Rpt.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Averaged 
5-25 per 5 sweeps in alfalfa. (Randolph). LOUISTANA - Light generally 
in blooming alfalfa, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). 


583 


VETCH BRUCHID (Bruchus brachialis) - TEXAS - Emerging from combined vetch. 
Infestation 25-50 percent in untreated fields. Fair to good control 
obtained by application of insecticides. (Randolph). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Certoma trifurcata) - MINNESOTA - Checks in Mankato 
area, Blue Earth County, indicate high populations in many soybean fields. 
Feeding heavy on fields adjacent to alfalfa, defoliation up to 80 per- 
cent in many fields. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Second-generation 
larvae appearing in all peanut fields checked, Payne and Caddo Counties. 
(Walton). 


THRIPS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Affected peanut foliage in Florence area. 
(Nettles et al.). ALABAMA —- Frankliniella fusca medium on peanuts. 

(Kden, June 7). TEXAS - Frankliniella sp. damaged peanuts in Anderson, 
Grimes County. (Stephenson). NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged one adult per stem 
in barley, southeastern section. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Gen- 
erally heavy in alfalfa over State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - Feeding on soy- 


beans, southwestern Sussex County. (Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Injured 
soybeans on several farms, Pamlico County. (Jones). 


A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - MISSISSIPPI - Very num- 
erous on St. Augustine grass on lawns, Pearl River County, and a serious 
pest in Jackson County. (Merkl et al.). 


EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK —- In light flights since 
June 18 in earliest locations, majority still larvae and pupae in later 
areas of wet soil or heavy vegetation. Heavy adult flights not expected 
until first or second week of July in western part of State. (Tashiro). 


SOD WEBWORMS (Crambus spp.) - ARIZONA - Damaged dichondra and lippia 
lawns in Phoenix area. (Mendenhall, June 19). OKLAHOMA - Damaging 
golf greens in several northern cities. Averaged one larva per square 
inch at Stillwater. (Howell). KANSAS -In localized areas in Cloud 
and Trego Counties. (Marvin). 


WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - KANSAS - Continued damage to bluestem 
range in flint hill area of Wabaunsee, Geary, Pottawatomie and Riley 
Counties. New infestations found in Osage County. Averaged 7-8 per 
square foot in infested areas. Dead spots in range increased in size 
from 5 acres to 10-12 acres. Grubs still near surface, no evidence of 
pupation. (Burkhardt). 


584 


FRUIT INSECTS 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Increasing rapidly on apples. 
(Wheeler, June 20). MICHIGAN - Becoming noticeable especially on water shoots 
at Coloma, South Haven and Grand Rapids. (Hutson, June 10). INDIANA - Continue 
abundant on apples in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). NEVADA - Moderate to heavy 
populations on apple in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Gallaway, Ting, 

June 20). VIRGINIA - Prevalent in northern area apple orchards; about normal 
for time of year. (Hill). 


APHIDS - UTAH - Monellia costalis and M. caryae damaging pecan foliage in area of 
Washington County and Chromaphis juglandicola serve on walnut foliage at Moab, 
Grand County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Myzus cerasi common on cherry trees in 
Bingham County. (Bishop). VIRGINIA - Quite heavy populations of Anuraphis 

roseus were present earlier in northern area apple orchards. More than usual 
control required. (Hill). 


WHITE APPLE LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba pomaria) - MASSACHUSETTS - More numerous 
than usual in orchards. eeler, June 20). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW MEXICO - High percentage of "wormy"' 
apples in untreated orchards in Bernalillo, Sandoval, Rio Arriba, Taos, De Baca, 
Lincoln and Otero Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Infestation light 
to medium in Door County orchards. (Wis. Coop.Sur.. ). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotamia velutinana) - WISCONSIN - Populations range 
from light to medium in Door County orchards. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) - WISCONSIN - Medium to heavy 
infestations of 4-5 instar Larvae in Door County orchards. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - NEW MEXICO - Caused extensive 
damage to apple foliage near Taos, Taos County. Most caterpillars now pupated 
and heavily parasitized. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Populations light 

to medium in Door County orchards. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - OREGON - Infestations causing some loss 
-to untreated boySenberries and raspberries. (Rosenstiel). CALIFORNIA - Light 
on apples in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - NEW MEXICO - Killing cherry and peach 
trees at Tesuque, Santa Fe County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - OHIO - Eggs hatching in Clyde area 
about June 16; crawling stages abundant. (Rings). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - ILLINOIS - Infestations generally 
light in Carbondale area. (Meyer). INDIANA - Second-brood injury light in 
Vincennes area, (Hamilton). CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation damaging young 
nectarine trees in Visalia area of Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - Second-generation eggs being 
deposited on peaches at Fort Valley June 19. (Snapp). NORTH CAROLINA - Very 
Garay. in peaches in Sandhills area. Summer generation now emerging. 
Smith). 


ORCHARD MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Very serious some orchards in Oconee County. 
(Nettles et al.). OHIO - Infestations of Tetranychus telarius increasing in 
Wooster area. Counts up to 12 per leaf on peaches where control not applied. 
(Rings). Populations of Panonychus ulmi generally light. (Cutright, Rings). 


585 


VIRGINIA - Populations generally low in northern area orchards. (Hill). 
NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate infestations of Bryobia praetiosa complex 
to apples, causing some damage to foliage. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - 
P. ulmi heavy on prune trees at Ringgold. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


CATFACING INSECTS - COLORADO - Lygus elisus and L. hesperus of concern on 
peaches in Palisade area of Mesa County. (Exp. Sta.). 


CICADAS - NEVADA - Damaging fruit trees in Elko, Lamoille and Deeth areas, 
Elko County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, Menke, June 20). 


PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - TENNESSEE - Damaging cherry and pear nursery 
stock, Roane County. (Bennett). 


FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) - OREGON - Emerged in Benton County 
on June 25, 8 days earlier than it has in past 11 years. (Ainscough). 


BLACK-HEADED FIREWORM (Rhopobota naevana) - OREGON - Prevalent some cranberry 
bogs in Brandon area. (Rosenstiel, June 21). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Damaging pecans Some areas. 
(Coppock, Bower). 


A TWIG BORER (Melalgus confertum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of olive 
trees at Loomis, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA —- Two hundred pecan clusters 
examined in orchard in Tulsa County; I9 percent with one or more nuts destroyed 
by first generation larvae. Pupation almost complete. (Coppock). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Considerable numbers on pecans 
and other trees generally. (Spink). 


MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Trapping continued during 
May with negative results. (PPC, West. Reg.). 


Citrus Insect Situation, Third Week of June, Lake Alfred, Florida - PURPLE 
SCALE activity increased and further increase is expected, with peak coming 
after middle of July. FLORIDA RED SCALE declined sharply, but an increasing 
trend will begin in a week or two, with the beginning of a new hatch. 

CITRUS RED MITE activity increased further and is now at a peak. Infestations 
will decline rapidly with rain. CITRUS RUST MITE activity was unchanged on 
leaves, but increased on fruit. An increasing trend is expected, assuming 
that weather will be a little wetter. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson, June 19). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


POTATO APHIDS - NEW JERSEY - Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum solanifolii becoming 
numerous in sprayed potato fields in central area; up to 50 per sweep. 

(Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - M. solanifolii decreased generally on most 
potatoes and tomatoes throughout State. (Conrad). MAINE - In cages on primary 
hosts at Presque Isle, spring migrants of M. solanifolii began to mature June 9, 
Myzus solani by or before June 9, and M. persicae and Aphis abbreviata about 
June 12. This was about usual time for first 2 Species, but about week late 

for A. abbreviata. Field examination of colonies of aphids collected from 
Canada June 12-14 indicate that M. persicae spring migrants may be somewhat more 
general and abundant than usual in central and southern Aroostook County. 


586 


Aphid populations on potatoes very light now. (Shands). MARYLAND - Moderate 
to heavy numbers of M. solanifolii on tomatoes at various locations on 

Eastern Shore. Parasitism evident. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). PENNSYLVANIA - 

M. solanifolii present but not increasing on potatoes and tomatoes in south- 
astern area. (Menusan). NORTH DAKOTA - Populations of M. persicae increasing 
on potatoes in southeastern area. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). a 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - IDAHO - Spotted but general 
in eastern and south central areas. Wore abundant than past years. Hatching 
well underway in Jerome and Gooding vicinities. (Gittins). Young larvae 
present most fields examined in southeastern area. (Bishop). DELAWARE - 
Defoliated about 50 percent of tomatoes one field in Kent County. Larvae 

feding despite treatments in parts of Kent and Sussex County. (Conrad). 

MARYLAND - Larvae destructive to potatoes at Frederick. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


FLEA BEETLES - IDAHO - Above normal numbers of Phyllotreta pusilla for time of 
year in potatoes and beets in eastern area. (Gittins). Epitrix subcrinita 
appearing on potato fields in southeastern area. Some foliage injury is 
appearing in fields in Custer County, counts up to 20 per plant. (Bishop). 
MAINE - Populations of overwintered Epitrix cucumeris on potatoes in Presque 
Isle unusually low. No larger populations reported in northeastern area. 
(Shands). NEW MEXICO - Damaging vegetables in Taos County; light infestations 
in San Miguel and Torrance Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Moderate 
numbers of E. cucumeris on potatoes at Frederick and Phyllotreta striolata 
destructive to cabbage at Braddock Heights. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Damage to potatoes quite 
heavy some fields in eastern areas (Hofmaster) and damaging plants in Caroline 
County (Rowell, Eager). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WEST VIRGINIA - Increasing slowly on 
potatoes statewide. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - COLORADO - Egg and larval counts on tomatoes 

were 3 and 4 respectively per 100 leaves in Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo 
Counties. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Generally heavy on tomatoes in Luna County 
averaging 1 larva per 4 plants. Considerable damage in Bernalillo and Rio 
Arriba Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS - Eggs found on tomato plants in 
Finney County area June 21. (Matthew). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Infestations heavy on tomatoes 
in Solano County, sugar beets in Santa Cruz County and beans in San Luis Obispo 
County. Light damage to strawberries in Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - KANSAS - Adults appearing on potatoes 
and tomatoes in Haskell and Finney Counties. Counts average 4-6 per 100 sweeps. 
(DePew, Marvin). 


Potato Psyllid Survey - Fourth survey made during period June 16-25. Populations 
remained a over entire area surveyed with little change from previous reports. 


Scottsbluff, Nebraska, area averaged 13.3 per 100 sweeps on Lycium. Green 
River, Wyoming averaged 0.6, and in Laramie area average was 3.8. Greeley, 
Colorado, area showed greatest increase over previous survey with 48 psyllids 
per 100 sweeps at Pueblo; La Junta area averaged 6, Salida 7. Populations 
west of mountains remained low; Grand Junction, Colorado, area averaged 1 and 
Provo and Logan, Utah, areas averaged 1.38. (PPC, States Coop.). 


587 


GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) - OREGON - Survey completed except 
that to be done in Willamette Valley in mid-summer. Area completed covered 
Klamath Falls area, central area of Jefferson, Deschutes, and Crook Counties, 
and northeastern Malheur, Baker and Umatilla Counties. CALIFORNIA - Processing 
of soil samples collected in State near completion. Only those collected in 
Kern County remain to be examined. No golden nematode found in either Oregon 
or California. (PPC, West. Reg., May Rpt.). 


STINK BUGS - TEXAS - Medium infestations of adults on tomatoes in Van Zandt 
County. (Davis). 


A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - A rather high incident of 
spotted wilt of tomatoes reported in Oceanside area of San Diego County. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


BLISTER BEETLES - TEXAS - Heavy infestations on tomatoes in Van Zandt County. 
(Davis) . 


STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLES (Acalymma vittata) - MASSACHUSETTS - More abundant 
than usual. (Wheeler). DELAWARE - Fairly common on cucumbers throughout 
State. (Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Moderate damage to pinto beans near Moriarty. 
Damaging cantaloups and cucumbers in Espanola Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
INDIANA - Increasingly abundant, causing damage to squash and cucumbers in 
Lafayette area. (Gould). PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming a problem on cucurbits in 
southeastern area. (Menusan). 


SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - OKLAHOMA - Becoming numerous in gardens throughout 
State. (Bower). DELAWARE - Adults present on cucurbits in southwestern 

Sussex County. (Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Damaging cucurbits in Valencia County 
and heavy infestations on vegetables in Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - MASSACHUSETTS - Second-brood may be more 
serious than usual on late cole crops. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations of cabbage 
in Fresno area. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations doing 
considerable damage to cabbage near Deming. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - VIRGINIA - Increasing on crucifers 
in eastern area. (Hofmaster). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae numerous on wild mustard 
in Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - UTAH - Causing moderate damage to cabbage 
several localities. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - Remains common in several areas. 
(Conrad). CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on cabbage in Fresno area. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Increasing on crucifers in eastern area. (Hofmaster). 
MARYLAND - Generally destructive to cabbage in central area and on Eastern 
Shore. Adults abundant in fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - IDAHO - Populations building up generally in 
Latah County area. Control being applied many fields. (Smith, Manis). 
MINNESOTA - Counts remain high on peas in south central, southwestern and west 
central districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Counts range 15-200 per 
sweep, averaging 50, in peas in Brown County. Counts similar in Calumet, 
Kewaunee, Manitowoc and Outogamie Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Much more abundant 
than usual on beans in Pee Dee area. (Nettles et al.). UTAH - Damage increasing 
in several northern and central counties. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - Adults 

common on beans in Sussex County, causing moderate damage several locations. 
(Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Doing extensive damage to pinto beans some areas. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


588 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NORTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable damage to 
beans. (Overman, Neunzig) 


SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Infestations heavy on 
beans in Baldwin County. (S. Hays). 


SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - IDAHO - Abundant all sugar beet fields 
from Twin Falls eastward. Egg clusters, less than 50 percent viable, average 

3 per leaf near Idaho Falls. Damage to lower leaves in Idaho Falls, Blackfoot 
and Rupert areas rather extensive. Later growth in Magic Valley area untouched. 
(Gittins). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - MASSACHUSETTS - Heavy on lettuce. 
(Wheeler, June 20). NORTH DAKOTA - Migration to potatoes observed near Englevale, 
Ransom County, 10 per 50 sweeps. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation of bell 
peppers at Spring Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - UTAH- - Damage sugar beets’ in areas of 
Washington County. (Knowlton). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - IDAHO - Generally present from Preston 
north to Rigby and west to Twin Falls. Heavy infestations in Preston and 
Bancroft areas. Larvae, all instars, present. Adults predominate from 
Pocatello to Rigby. Infestations not found west of Jerome. (Gittins). Light 
infestations on lambsquarters near potatoes and beets in Bingham and Bonneville 
Counties. (Bishop). COLORADO - Egg counts, 1-10 per lettuce plant in Alamosa 
County. None found in surveys in Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. 
Trap catches high, counts on June 11 were 10,324 at Rocky Ford and 11,399 

at Greeley. (Exp. Sta.). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Damage increases daily. 

Spinach at Farmington 100 percent infested with curly top. Beans and tomatoes 
in Box Elder, Cache, Davis and Weber Counties up to 30-50 percent diseased 
many cases. Healthy tomatoes rare in some southern counties. (Dorst, 
Knowlton). IDAHO - Activity evident on tomato plants in Magic Valley area. 
(Gittins). 


CUTWORMS - OREGON - Causing some economic injury to corn, beans, beets and 
mint in Willamette Valley Infestations in many sections of area in State. 
Species predominantly Peridroma margaritosa. (Every). CALIFORNIA - Light 
infestations of AgrotiS ypSilon on strawberries in Watsonville area of Santa 
Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Damage to sweetpotatoes fairly 
heavy some eastern areas. (Hofmaster). NEW MEXICO - Damaging vegetable crops 
in Espanola Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Causing some localized 
injury to mint in Linn, Marion and Benton Counties. (Every). 


ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - IDAHO - Abundant in Twin Falls area. 
(Gittins). DELAWARE - C. aSparagi unusually abundant in Kent County. 
(Conrad). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) -— EDAHO - Damage to onions much reduced from 
last year in southwestern area. Peak overwintered populations past, first 
summer generation appearing. (Scott). UTAH - Damaging some fields in Weber, 
Salt Lake, Box Elder and other counties. (Knowlton). ILLINOIS - Damage 
severe few onion fields in northern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). 


589 


CYCLAMEN MITE(Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Infestations in 
strawberries more numerous and destructive than at any time in past 10 years. 
(Wheeler, June 20). WISCONSIN - Adult and eggs light in Door County on 
strawberries. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Occasionally found on 
tobacco. (Chamberlin). 


TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Infestations light to heavy 
on aromatic tobacco in Elbert County. (Johnson). 


WIREWORMS - VIRGINIA - Severely damaged newly set tobacco plants in a Bland 
County field. (Mallory). 


COTTON INSECTS 


APHIDS - GEORGIA - Light infestations of Aphis gossypii in Candler, Laurens and 
Jefferson Counties. (Jackson). ARKANSAS - Increasing generally. (Ark. Ins. 
Rpt.). ALABAMA - A. gossypii beginning to appear in felds previously treated 
for bollworm control. Few observed in untreated fields in Chilton County. 
(Grimes). TENNESSEE - Widespread and in some cases heavy in cotton fields in 
western area. (Mullett). MISSOURI - Light to heavy populations. Lady 

beetles and predators very numerous. (Kyd, Thomas). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - GEORGIA - Counts made in 51 fields in 
northern and southern areas. Eggs averaged 18 per 100 terminals and larvae 
averaged 2.8 per 100 terminals. Fifty of fifty-one fields infested with eggs 
and/or larvae. (Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Populations light in southwest. (Hatfield). 
ARKANSAS - Activity declined on cotton. Percentage of fields infested was 

27 compared with 37 for previous week. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Continue 

to be problem most fields in State. Infestations medium to heavy. Eggs, 
larvae and damaged terminals ranged 30-70 per 100 terminals. (Grimes). 
CALIFORNIA - Light infestations of H. zea in Calexico area of Imperial 

County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - Less abundant than previous week. 
Some fields need treatment. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Buildup 

rapid in Florence area. First and second instars numerous. (Fye et al.). 
TENNESSEE - Populations general in western area. Causing considerable damage 

to older cotton; counts from 0-19 larvae per 100 terminals. (Locke). 

MISSOURI - Infestations light; counts 1-6 eggs and 1-3 larvae per 100 terminals 
in 5 percent of fields inspected. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Between broods 
generally in delta counties. Fewer eggs and larvae in fields than for past 

3 weeks. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Average quare infestation in Madison 
Parish 4 percent. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Infestations averaged 4.4 eggs and 
1.9 larvae per 100 terminals in McLennan and Falls Counties. Square injury 
averaged 1.4 percent. Egg deposition is not heavy. (Parencia et al.). 

NEW MEXICO - Heliothis zea infestations generally light and spotty in cotton 
growing areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Damaged squares numerous in 
‘fields near Peoria. Only few light infestations elsewhere. (Bottger, Kauffman, 
Sheets). 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - GEORGIA - Square counts made in 31 of 51 
fields examined in northern and southern counties ranged from 0-18 percent, 
averaging 7.6 percent. (Johnson). ARKANSAS - Emergence is light in all areas 
except in southwest. No square counts higher than 15 percent infested squares 
found. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Average infestation in central area was 


590 


3.7 percent. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Light to moderate infestations in Concordia, 
Richland, West Carroll and St. Landry Parishes. (Spink). Average square 
infestation 26 percent in Madison Parish. Weevil emergence about complete. 
First-brood weevils hatched June 21. Square infestations climbing rapidly. 
(Smith et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation generally light. (Cott. News 
Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations variable in Florence area. First 
generation adults rare. (Fye et al.). TENNESSEE - Infestations confined to 
southern counties in western area. Conditions favorable for buildup. (Locke). 
MISSOURI - None found. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Percent of infestations 
remains exceptionally low ranging from 0-3 in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). 
TEXAS - Infestation averaged 47.6 percent in untreated fields in McLennan and 
Falls Counties compared with 9.6 percent in treated fields. First-generation 
adults active in early-planted fields. No emergence in hibernation cages. 
(Parencia et al.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Light infestations, 2-4 early- 
instar larvae per 100 sweeps most fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


FLEAHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Building up considerably in Jackson and Tillman Counties. 
(Hatfield). SOUTH CAROLINA - Blasting young squares in nearlyall Piedmont 
counties. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Causing some damage in western area, 
control needed many fields. (Locke). MISSOURI - Counts ranged 1-5 adults and 
nymphs per 100 terminals. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Common in untreated 
fields. (Merkl et al.). TEXAS - Infestations by Psallus seriatus continued 

at injurious levels many fields where control delayed in McLennan and Falls 
Counties. Average infestation 41.5 per 100 terminals in untreated fields 

and 25 per 100 terminals in treated fields. Infestations at injurious levels 

in 28 of 69 fields examined. (Parencia et al.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations 
in Lea, Chaves, Eddy and Roosevelt Counties. Light to moderate in Dona Ana, 
Hidalgo, and Luna Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


LEAFHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Empoasca spp. building up some cotton fields, 
Imperial County. Treatment required. (Peterson Jr.). 


LYGUS BUGS - NEVADA - Populations increasing in fields, particularly alfalfa, 
adjacent to cotton in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Zoller, June 20). ALABAMA - 
Moderate infestations of Lygus lineolaris on cotton in central area. (McQueen , 
Grimes). CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 
MISSISSIPPI - General infestation of L. lineolaris over delta counties, 
ranging from light to heavy. In majority of fields examined, this insect was 
doing more damge than all other cotton pests combined. (Merkl et al)r 
LOUISIANA - Adults numerous in fruiting cotton in Madison Parish that has 
been untreated for week or more. Some square damage being caused by adults. 
(Smith et al.). NEW MEXICO - Generally heavy infestations in Dona Ana, Luna 
and Chaves Counties. Light to medium ana spotty in Eddy and Lea Counties. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Slight increases in adults, 2-8 per 100, sweeps. 
(Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infestation in blooms 
averaged 3.8 percent in McLennan County, 2.2 percent in Falls County and 
2.5 percent in one field in Milam County. (Parencia et al.). 


SPIDER MITES - NEVADA - Populations increasing several fields; two fields 
treated. (Zoller, June 20). ALABAMA -.Continue to spread in northern and 
central areas. (Rawson, Grimes). MISSOURI - Marginal infestations found 

some fields. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Light to heavy localized infestations 
some fields in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy but spotty 
infestations of Tetranychus desertorum in Chaves County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


591 


STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - OKLAHOMA - Causing considerable damage to 
cotton in Caddo County. (Fenton). MISSISSIPPI - Burrows in cotton staks at 
Byhalia. (Hutchins). TENNESSEE - Found in larger numbers below Jackson than 
any previous year, but damage is slight. (Locke). 


STINK BUGS - CALIFORNIA - Euschistusconspersus light in stub cotton fields 
in Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA —- Very light populations. 
(Bottger, Sheets, Kauffman). 


THRIPS - OKLAHOMA - Building up considerably in Jackson and Tillman Counties. 
(Hatfield). LOUISIANA - Counts average 3.22 per plant in untreated fields in 
Madison Parish compared With 1.41 in treated fields. Infestations generally 
much less following rains. Heaviest damage in seedling cotton. (Smith et al.). 


WHITEFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Populations building up rapidly on cotton in Imperial 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


EUROPEAN ELM SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) - IDAHO - Continued severe infestations 
on elms at Preston. (Gittins). KANSAS - Large numbers of crawlers in Ellis 
and Barton Counties, central area, (Thompson). 


ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WISCONSIN - Adults numerous in 
central and southwestern counties. St) Coop sur). 


SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - WISCONSIN - Heavy infestation 
in Lincoln County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis) - WISCONSIN - Heavy parasitism in 
southern Burnett and Polk Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - WISCONSIN - Development has 
been generally slow. Complete defoliation in scattered areas. (Wis. Coop. 
Sur.). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - 
To June 25, Dutch elm disease had been found in 122 trees in 20 municipalities 
of 7 counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dentroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Over 30 
scattered, spotty areas of a few trees to one-fourth acre infested in eastern 
Tyrrell County. (Green). 


Gypsy Moth Survey in Pennsylvania - Placement of approximately. 13,300 traps 
in eastern area commenced during the third and fourth weeks of June. Parts 
or all of the following 23 counties will be surveyed on a 1l-mile grid pattern: 
Bradford, Susquehanna, Wayne, Pike, Lackawanna, Wyoming, Sullivan, Lycoming, 
Northumberland, Montour, Columbia, Luzerne, Monroe, Carbon, Schuylkill, 
Dauphin, Lebanon, Berks, Lehigh, Northampton, Bucks, Montgomery and 
Philadelphia. The area to be surveyed covers 11,655 square miles. (Nichols). 


Gypsy Moth Situation Relating to Civil Action on Spraying in Long Island - 
During the Summer of 1957, 14 individuals, all residents of Long Island, New 
York, sought an injunction to prevent spraying of their properties in 
connection with the gypsy moth eradication program. In their complaint the 
plaintiffs claimed the following: "DDT is, and is recognized and admitted by 
the defendants to be, a delayed-action, cumulative poison such as will 


592 


inevitably cause irreparable injury and death to all living things, including 
human beings, animals, birds, insects, and the predatior and parasites of 
harmful insects if ingested, inhaled, or brought into contact therewith in 
sufficient quantities or over a sufficient period . .. Wherefore, plaintiffs 
demand judgement forever restraining the defendants and their agents from such 
threatened spraying upon the lands, homes, and persons of the plaintiffs or 

so near as to endanger the same, and for temporary restraint and for such 
damages as plaintiffs shall cause thereby if defendants shall not have refrained 
therefrom."' This action was brought against the Secretary of Agriculture, 
Commissioner of Agriculture and Markets of the State of New York, and the 
Assistant Area Supervisor of the Plant Pest Control Division stationed on 

Long Island. After a hearing on May 15, 1957, the U. S. District Judge denied 
the plaintiffs' request for a temporary injunction and the case was brought 

to trial at Brooklyn, New York, beginning on February 10, 1958, before the 
Honorable Walter Bruchhausen. Testimony was completed on March 4, 1958, and 

the decision was rendered June 23, 1958, in which Judge Bruchhausen ruled out 
all claims of the plaintiffs and in favor of the defendants. In the decision he 
said, "I hold that the mass spraying has a reasonable relation to the public 
objective of combating the evil of gypsy moth and is within the proper exercise 
of police powers by the designated officials." (PPC) 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Very common on new shoots of 
loblollly and scrub pines, and chokecherries one location Kent County. (Conrad). 
VIRGINIA - Troublesome on ornamentals in Lunenburg County. (Powers). Emerging 
Clarke County, June 25. (Porterfield, Edwards). MARYLAND - Adults increasing 
on ornamentals in southern sections. Beetles later than usual. (U. Md., 

Ent. Dept.). 


AN ANT (Prenolepis imparis) - VIRGINIA - Caused severe, primary damage to rose 
buds locally in Fairfax County. Damage to plants by this species rarely 
reported. Determined M. R. Smith. (Gentry). 


MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - NEW MEXICO - Stripping many elm 
trees in San Miguel and Torrance Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) -. IDAHO - Becoming increasingly 
abundant on ponderosa pine in Camp Creek area of Valley County. (Furniss). 


EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy egg 
laying in southwest area may mean trouble next year. (Udine). 


OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating box 
elder in Santa Fe County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.) 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - DELAWARE - Young larvae common on 
mimosa and locust some Locations; quite heavy on red cedar in western Kent 

County. (Conrad). ILLINOIS - Fairly abundant in many parts of State. (Ill. 
Ins. Rpt.). 


COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - NEVADA - Moderate to heavy on 
locust and hawthorn in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Gallaway, June 20). 


DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - IDAHO —- Appears to be causing 
several times more damage to Douglasfir than past two years in drainages of 
north fork of Payette River and south fork of Salmon River. (Furniss). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO — Very numerous in Canyon 
County; most untreated elms defoliated. Now pupating. (Scott). 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MICHIGAN - Full flight as far 
north as the MuSkegon-Bay City Tine. ~(Hutson, June 20). 


593 


A LEAF ROLLER - OKLAHOMA - Forty-four percent of red bud leaves damaged in 
Payne County. (Walton). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - DELAWARE - Light feeding on mimosa 
trees in southern Sussex County. (Conrad). 


A NOCTUID (Melipotis acontioides) - FLORIDA - Caused considerable damage to 
royal poinciana at Key West, Monroe County. One-third of 400 trees inspected 
completely defoliated. (Swanson, June 18). 


SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Causing noticeable 
damage to coniferous ornamentals. (Wheeler, June 20). 


RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - MICHIGAN - Adults emerging 
at insectary at East Lansing, June 20. (Hutson). 


RED-HUMPED OAKWORM (Symmerista albicosta) - MICHIGAN - Adults, probably this 
species, numerous on oak foliage at several locations in Lake and Newaygo 
Counties. (Hutson, June 20). 


A SAWFLY - IDAHO - Populations on ponderosa pine substantially more numerous 
than in recent years in Camp Creek area of Valley County. Damage negligible. 
(Furniss). 


A THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy 
infestations on ornamentals in Oceanside area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. 
Rpt.). 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


NEBRASKA - PEA APHID continued heavy in most alfalfa fields in northeast and 
south central sections with 46-860 per sweep. TARNISHED PLANT BUG high in 
northeast and south central regions, averaged 165 adults and nymphs per 100 
Sweeps. ARMYWORM caused heavy damage in winter wheat in south central, 
southeast and northeast regions, with counts of 7-46 per square foot. 
Migrations into sorghum and corn underway in many areas. Great numbers of 
parasites in many fields. (Andersen). GARDEN WEBWORM abundant in southeast 
portion of State especially in weedy corn fields. Controls are being applied. 
(Roselle), WIREWORMS caused considerable damage to corn grown in heavier 
northeast soils, with 40 percent of stand destroyed in one Burt County field. 
STALK BORER light in northeast and southeast regions. Damage along margins 
of corn fields light. (Andersen). EUROPEAN CORN BORER populations high in 
northeast, southeast and south central portions of State. In 30-40 inch 
corn, precent infestation is 88-100 in northeast, 75-100 in south central 
areas, and generally 0-40 percent in corn smaller than 30 inches. (Roselle, 
Andersen). 


594 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - IDAHO —- Adults of H. lineatum appear to 
be very common in eastern area. (Gittins). 


GERMAN COCKROACH (Blattella germanica) - OKLAHOMA - Common many homes in 
Tulsa area; unusually heavy in few premises. (Price). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Extremely numerous in 
Greenville County. (Nettles et al.) OKLAHOMA - Numbers considerably 

less than in recent weeks in central counties; populations average 200 

on cows and 800 on bulls. (Howell). Populations on cows 200-400 per 
animal in Osage County. (Coppock). UTAH - Increasing on cattle in several 
counties. (Knowlton). 


HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - SOUTH CAROLINA —- About normal. (Nettles 
et al.). OKLAHOMA — Populations down from previous weeks in central 
area. (Howell). 


HUMAN FLEA (Pulex irritans) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation on dog at 
La Grange, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


LOUSE FLIES (Lipoptena depressa, L. cervi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infesta- 
tions in deer in Railroad Flat area of Calaveras County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


STABLE FLIES - OKLAHOMA - Increasing in north central area; averaging 20-30 
per untreated animal. (Howell). 


TABANIDS -— SOUTH CAROLINA —- Deer flies numerous in several locations, 
Newberry County. (Nettles et al.). NEVADA —- Large numbers of adult 
Hybomitra sp. biting and annoying people and livestock in areas near 
rivers and streams, Elko County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, June 20). 

IDAHO - Deer flies abundant near Blackfoot, Bingham County. (Gittins). 
ALABAMA: = Horse flies reported in C.E.I.R. 8(26) : 569 as annoying cattle 
in the Tennessee Valley, identified as Tabanus sulcifrons. (K. Hays). 
UTAH - Annoying livestock in mountains near Mantua. (Knowlton). 


TICKS - OKLAHOMA — Rhipicephalus sanguineus in many homes in Oklahoma City. 
(Rogers). Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum numbers moderate 
in Stillwater area. Not as heavy as in past 2 years. (Howell). 


CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) — OKLAHOMA - Heavy, 35-40 per square foot, 
in many homes and yards in Tulsa area. (Price). Moderate infestations 

on dogs in Stillwater area. (Howell). CALIFORNIA - Biting humans in 
Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MOSQUITOES - MASSACHUSETTS - Maximum hatch of Aedes spp. spring brood be- 
cause of plentiful water supply. Culex pipiens, C. restuans and C. territans 
larvae in a few places. Culiseta melanura adults from overwintering larvae, 
no new larvae June 16. Few C. morsitans from spring brood. Control very 
noticeable as compared with non-control areas. (Wheeler, June 20). 
NEVADA - Large numbers in many areas of State. Mostly Aedes spp. Controls. 
inaugurated in many areas near towns. (Nev. Coop. Rpt., June 20). UTAH - 
Very troublesome in Uintah, Cache, Rich,Box Elder, Piute and Sevier 
Counties. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Annoying around homes in some areas. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.) NORTH DAKOTA - Temperatures retarding activity. 
ineterahs NORTH CAROLINA - Populations decreasing rapidly on the coast. 
Ashton). 


FLIES = ILLINOIS - Counts on dairy herd in Adams County showed 19 horn 
flies, 1.3 stable flies and 0.2 horse fly per animal. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). 


595 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


BOOKLOUSE (Liposcelis divinatorius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavily infesting 
cereal boxes in Salinas, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - During May, 2 new infestations 
found at Yuma, ARIZONA, and one at Brawley, CALIFORNIA. Inspections in 
States of IDAHO, WASHINGTON, OREGON and NEW MEXICO were negative. (PPC, 
West. Reg.). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - ARIZONA —- Chrysopa spp., Hippodamia convergens and nabids 
abundant in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Mendenhall, June 19). 
Collops and spiders abundant in all cotton fields examined. Geocoris 
and Nabis present most fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). " TEXAS — 
Lady beetles, lacewings and other predators light on alfalfa and grain 
sorghum. (Randolph). SOUTH DAKOTA - Lady beetles increasing in small 
grains and alfalfa; up to 11 larvae per 10 Sweeps. 

(Hantsbarger). 


A TENT CATERPILLAR PARASITE (Sarcophaga aldrichi) - WEST VIRGINIA - 
Extremely numerous statewide during June. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


A KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina gemellata) - COLORADO - To date, beetles 
have successfully eliminated Klamathweed in large area around site of 
original introductions. Populations presently averaging 2-10 per plant, 
(Exp. Sita-):. 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


OLD HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - FLORIDA - Very injurious to frame 
barracks-type building at Patrick Air Force Base, Brevard County. Det. 
H. Ji. Crawford. (Filla. Coop. Sur.) . 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Nuisance around homes 
throughout the State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MASSACHUSETTS - Becoming 
nuisance throughout range which has increased greatly during last 10 
years. (Wheeler, June 20). IDAHO - Abundant throughout State. 
(Gittins). 


CORRECTIONS 


CEIR 8(26) : 555 - SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER - ARKANSAS - Should read, 
"First-generation larvae entering plants. (Barnes, Dowell)." 


CEIR 8(24) : 525 - COOPERATIVE SURVEY ENTOMOLOGISTS - CALIFORNIA - 
Should read "1220 N Street, Sacramento 14." 


596 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quing. zea vires. 
ALABAMA 
Crossville 6/26 1 23 
ARKANSAS 
Fayetteville 6/12-18 5 28 8 22 
Hope 6/12-18 15 5 aL 20 
Kelso 6/12-18 14 31 42 21 
Morrilton 6/12-18 23 35 20 
Stuttgart 6/12-18 a 20 25 16 
FLORIDA 
Quincy 6/16, 24 14 #1 7 9 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 6/20-26 790 10 5 154 2 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 6/18-20 158 11 5 30 14 16 1 
Tippecanoe 6/20-23 194 6 64 
KANSAS 
Hays 6/6-16 411 78 ike} 118 20 
Manhattan 6/17-25 4935 269 246 453 180 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 6/20-26 7 8 443 6 18 
Franklin 6/25 1 2 1 1 
MAINE 
Monmouth 6/21 ,28 3 
Orono 6/28 2, 
MARYLAND 
Fairfield 6/23-27 11 2 7 &} 
MISSISSIPPI 
Grenada 6/16-21 6 6 1 2 
Senatobia 6/13-20 4 10 5 
State College 6/21-27 22 Lz) 90 4 3 1 
*Stoneville 6/20-26 30 65 83 5 11 al 
NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 6/20-26 3 6 10 9 5 
Faison 6/20-26 3 17 5 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 6/16-22 7 7 29 10 16 3 
Clemson 6/21-27 24 19 54 1 16 1 120 
Florence 6/22-28 358 153 227 110 6 5 1582 85 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 
Blount 6/16-22 193 54 72 99 9 9 18 
Cumberland 148 38 58 146 8 12 2 
Greene 240 36 66 82 4 6 1 
Madison 135 39 27 363 6 12 57 
Robertson 214 80 36 104 8 10 4 


*Four traps - stoneville 


597 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


TURNIP FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta nemorum (L.)) 


Economic Importance: Turnip flea beetle adults are serious pests of cruciferous 
crops in many areas of Europe, particularly on seedlings in the spring. Infesta- 
tions often destroy the crop. In USSR 
from 1913 to 1915, 75 percent of the 
cabbage plants were destroyed in some 
areas. In addition to leaf feeding, 
the yellow mosaic virus of turnips has 
been transmitted by adults of Phyl- 
lotreta spp., including P. nemorum. 
Larval infestations of P. nemorum are 
also of importance in localized areas, 
but peak of feeding varies in Europe 
depending on climatic conditions. Both 
larvae and adults have been intercepted 
at U. S. ports of entry on several 
occasions from Europe. The beetle was 
introduced into New South Wales, 
Australia, prior to 1939, but as yet is 
not considered to be an important pest 
there. 


Distribution: Occurs throughout most 
of Europe, Asiatic USSR (Western 


Siberia) , Korea and Australia. 


Hosts: Prefers crucifers generally, 
especially turnips in some areas, but 
has been recorded on peas, vetch, beets, 
soybeans, hops, flax, rhubarb and 
nasturtiums,. 


General Distribution of Turnip Flea Beetle 


rysome ae, Coleoptera No. 53 of Series 


598 


Life History and Habits: The overwintering adult emerges from winter quarters 

in early Spring, usually about middle of April in England, and begin to deposit 
eggs Singly, or in groups of 2-4 on the soil and sometimes on the epidermis of 
cruciferous hosts. . The larvae hatch in 8 to 10 days and tunnel into the mesophyll 
tissue of the leaf. The mine is marked by a black excremental line. There may 
be as many as 107 larvae per leaf. The larvae mature on cabbage in 13 to 17 days 
and enter the soil to pupate. Pupation lasts for about 14 days. The life cycle 
requires 5 to 6 weeks. In England there is only one generation a year, but in 
USSR there may be from one to six, depending on the climate. In the fall, the 
adults enter hibernation in a variety of places such as under bark or dead 
leaves, in hedgerows, and often in farm buildings. Feeding in the early spring 
usually takes place on wild crucifers, and when the leaves of these hosts turn 
coarse, they turn to cultivated cruciferae. They return to the wild hosts in 
August after the cultivated hosts become coarse. The winter is passed in the 
vicinity of the wild hosts. 


Description: Adult is oval, somewhat flattened. Length 2.5 to 3.5 mm. Antennae 
are long, dark, the first three joints paler, succeeding ones dark piceous. 
Thorax is broad, rounded, closely punctured. Elytra have two broad yellow bands 
which are slightly waved. Tibiae are reddish-yellow. The fourth and fifth 
antennal segments of the male are slightly or noticeably or perceptibly swollen. 
Eggs are yellow, rounded and finely pitted. The mature larva is about 6 mn. 
long, yellowish with series of blackish chitin plates. The pupae are at first 
yellow but change to black, just prior to emergence. The change beginning 

with a red tinge of the eyes on about the sixth day. (Prepared in Plant Pest 
Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.). CEIR 8(27) 7-4-58 


Adult and Larva of Phyllotreta nemorum 


Figures (except map): Adult and larva from Garcia-Tejero, F. D. 1946. Bol. de 
Patol. Vegetal y Ent. Agr. 15:353-368. Larval damage from Rostrup, S. and 
Thomsen, M. 1931. Die Tierischen Schadlinge des Ackerbaues, 367 pp. Berlin. 


ea 


ay hs 
Kise 
foiys 


as 


EST CONTROL 0 rs 
‘RESEARCH SERVIC 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 July 11, 1958 Number 28 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS moving into fields in north central Kansas counties. Mating in 
Oklahoma, heavy egg deposition expected. Heavy flights in eastern Colorado, 
egg laying expected soon. (p. 601). Cooperative control summary. (p. 602). 
EUROPEAN CORN BORER larvae averaged 7 per plant in central Iowa. (p. 602). 


BEET WEBWORM damaging in North Dakota. (p. 605). BLACK CUTWORM damaging in 
California and Oregon. (p. 605). LYGUS BUGS abundant in Idaho and numerous 
in New Mexico. Damaging in Arizona. (p. 606). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID 
increasing in southern Arizona. (p. 607). 

ROSY APPLE APHID more severe in Ohio than in past 10 years. (p. 609). 

Worst outbreak of ALFALFA LOOPER in Washington since 1900. (p. 613). 

ONION MAGGOT more severe in Washington than in several years. Continues 

to be problem in Wisconsin. Damaging in New York. (p. 613). 

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE outbreak developing in southeastern Texas. (p. 617). 
ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 608). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 621). 


FEE ec 2 2c 2 a 2 2c ie 2 ic ic ac 2 Kc ic 2 2 oie 2k 2g 2 2 a ak 2 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 4 unless otherwise 
designated. 


600 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 7 


Temperatures for the week averaged 6° to 9° below normal in the northwestern 
Great Plains ans Great Basin of the Far West and within 3° of normal elsewhere. 
Rainfall west of the Continental Divide was heavy only in widely scattered 
spots, with little or none elsewhere. East of the Divide, weekly totals were 
extremely variable, ranging from none up to 13 inches. Showers occurred 
almost daily along the Canadian Border, and extended over the South and East 
during the weekend. Moderate to heavy weekly totals over the North Central 
Interior further improved moisture conditions, but soil moisture is still 
short in northwestern Montana and some other scattered local areas of the State, 
and more rain is needed in northwestern and north central North Dakota. 
Benefits of the generous rainfall in north central areas were offset in many 
local areas by storms and floods. The worst floods occurred in the western 
third and central portions of Iowa, where total rainfall ranged from 4 to 

13 inches. Audubon measured 12.35 inches during a storm on July 2. Resulting 
floods along the Racoon, Nishnabotna, and Des Moines Rivers and many smaller 
streams took 19 lives and damaged crops and property to the extent of several 
million dollars. Up to 7 inches of rain on June 30 to July 1 in northern 
Wisconsin produced local flooding. Flooding also was reported in parts of 
Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. In the latter State, rainfall at Winfield 
from July 4 through the 7th totaled 11.57 inches. In the Billings, Montana 
area, tornadoes, hail, and rain caused damage estimated at about $5 million. 
In southeastern Wyoming, the hail center of America, hail damage was estimated 
in the millions. Wind and hail caused heavy damage in the Rapid City and 
Mobridge sections of South Dakota. Flash flooding near San Antonio, Texas 

on the 7th resulted from heavy rainfall which totaled 6.69 inches in that 

city for a 24-hour period on July 6-7, a new July record there. The week's 
rainfall generally was light south of the Ohio River and in the Carolinas 

and Virginia, and more rain now would be beneficial in Tennessee, Alabama, 
northern Georgia, and in about one-half the total area of the Carolinas. 
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


601 


CEREAL AND FORAGE 


GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - Third-instar nymphs very low in Buffalo and Trempea- 
leau Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Nymphs averaged 16 per 100 

sweeps in grass roadsides in central section, and 15 in eastern section. Hatching 
in western part of State, but not in damaging numbers. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). 

IOWA - Ranged from newly hatched to full grown in southern and central areas. 
Populations low, 1-2 per square yard, no control appears necessary. (Iowa 

Ins. int). MINNESOTA - Field counts generally low in all areas observed. 

Some increase in Melanoplus femur-rubrum hatch, particularly in alfalfa fields 
after hay removal. Averaged 15 per square yard, with marginal damage to soybeans 
in southern area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - First instar to adult 

M. bivittatus and M. bilituratus present in western part of State. Control 
continued in many locations where still numerous. Nymphal survey in eastern 

area Showed mostly non-economic infestations, although a few light to threatening 
infestations were observed and may require control in late crops. M. bivittatus 
and M. bilituratus mostly first to fifth instars, few adults present. M. femur- 
rubrum first tc fourth instars becoming general in legumes. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - Generally non-economic in south central and southeast regions 
except in Lyman, Union, Clay and Yankton Counties. South of Kennebec, Lyman 
County, spotted infestation averaged 25-30 nymphs per square yard in fields. 
Spotted in southern third of Clay and Yankton Counties. Spraying of heavy 
infestation in Union County continued. (King). Heavy in Bennett County with 
accompanying damage. Treatment underway. (Hantsbarger). 


KANSAS - Continued to cause damage in north central counties, now moving into 
fields from roadsides, fence rows and weed patches. Border rows in corn fields 
and alfalfa fields showing feeding damage. Up to 40 per square yard in field 
margins in many localized areas. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Cooperative Federal- 
State control program in panhandle counties only partially complete due to 
inclement weather and high winds. Approximately 150,000 acres to be treated 

in Texas and Cimarron Counties and county-wide roadside program in Texas County. 
Roadside and marginal populations generally 20-30 per square yard, much higher 
in places. Aeoloplides turnbulli, Melanoplus bivittatus, M. packardi and 

M. bilituratus chief species, either fifth instar or adults. Mating, heavy 
egg deposition expected soon. Damage to sorghum and alfalfa margins and 
gardens generally heavy to severe in panhandle counties. Up to 50 per square 
yard in alfalfa fields and soil bank land. Range species commonly averaged 
10-20 per square yard, with as many as 50 per square yard. Aulocara elliotti, 
M. packardi, Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum and A. turnbulli most common species. 
Rangeland damage evident in many localities. Averaged 6-15 per square yard on 
range in northwestern and northern counties, situation not as Serious as in 
panhandle counties. (Coppock). 


TEXAS - Remain heavy to severe on roadsides and rangelands in panhandle counties. 
M. bilituratus collected in Sherman and Dallam Counties, M. bivittatus in 
Randall County, Mestobregma sp. in Sherman County. Aulocara elliotti infesta- 
tions in Moore, Dallam and Sherman Counties. Melanoplus spp. collected in 
Moore, Sherman, Dallam, Randall and Hartley Counties sent for determination. 
(Hawkins). Unknown species feeding on sorghum, Zavala County. (Harding). 

M. differentialis heavy, damaging Johnsongrass meadows and margins of cotton 
fields, Delta, Hunt and Rockwall Counties. (Davis). LOUISIANA - As many as 

31 Neoconocephalus sp. per 100 sweeps on rice in Vermilion, Acadia and 


Jefferson Davis Parishes. (Spink). IDAHO - Camnula pellucida, predominantly 
third and fourth-instar nymphs, averaged up to 200 per Square yard in small 


acreage of clover-grass mixture near Harvard, Latah County. (Portman). UTAH - 
Abundant in some orchards, gardens and alfalfa in Farmington-Kaysville area, 
Davis County, moderately serious in Enterprise-Beryl area, Washington and Iron 
Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Heavy flights of M. bilituratus in eastern 
part of State. Females show advanced egg development. Egg laying expected 
within next 7 days. Migrating forms averaged 25-40 per square yard over much 


602 


of Morgan, Washington, Logan, Yuma, Sedgwick and Phillips Counties. Flight 
patterns depend on prevailing winds. Probability of second generation of 

M. bilituratus for 1958. (ARS, Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). NEVADA - Hatching 

in Panaca area, Lincoln County, and Fish Lake Valley, Esmeralda County. 
Scattered hatch between Hiko, Lincoln County, and Warm Spring, Nye County. 
(Lauderdale, June 27). ARIZONA - Trimerotropis pallidipennis adults numerous 
in Tuscon area. (Mendenhall, June 26). Control applied to 200 acres on 

8 farms in Stanfield-Midway area. Many first instar T. pallidipennis present. 
(Miller). a 


Cooperative Control Summary: As of July 8, a total of 4,857,175 acres of 
roadsides, range and idle lands have been scheduled for grasshopper control 

in 55 counties in Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. Of this 
total, more than 2 million acres have been completed. This control program will 
provide protection to a vast acreage of cultivated crops. (PPC). 


CRICKETS - OKLAHOMA - Oecanthus sp. common on alfalfa throughout State. 
(Coppock). WYOMING - Anabrus Simplex abundant south of Casper, Natrona County, 
June 27. Moving east across rangeland. (Davison). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW YORK - Damage observed on 2-10 
percent of corn plants with tassels emerging, in Hudson Valley. Second-instar 
larvae prevailed. Egg laying will probably continue to mid-July and hatching to 
at least July 25. First egg masses in Niagara County averaged 2 per 100 plants. 
(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). MARYLAND - First brood light in early sweet and 
field corn on Eastern Shore. One large sweet corn field showed 15 percent 
infestation. Pupation underway on lower shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - 
Caused medium damage to corn. in scattered areas of Carroll County. (Price). 
Caused 10 percent damage to 10-acre wheat field, Richmond County. (Farmer, 
Wilkins). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe in stalks and ears of sweet corn, Gates 
County. (Newsome, Farrier). WISCONSIN - Light on field corn, leaf feeding 
observed on about 4 percent of plants. Egg masses and first-instar larvae 
noted on 36-42 inch corn in Buffalo and Trempealeau Counties, June 26-27. 

No recent egg laying. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Moth emergence 95-100 
percent in all districts. Egg deposition increased, but counts still not 

high. Warm weather increased moth activity. Egg mass counts per 100 plants 
ranged 0-44 in southwest, 0-16 in south central, 0-4 in central and 0-8 in 
southeast districts. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Emergence almost complete 
throughout State. Tallest corn fields in eastern section averaged one percent 
infestation with 6 second-instar larvae per plant and 3.7 percent infestation 
with 2.2 larvae per plant in central section. Averaged 19 egg masses per 

100 plants, 66 percent hatched, 16 percent infestation with 2.3 borers per 
plant in northern section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Emergence near 100 percent, 
egg deposition low except in isolated early fields. Crown feeding prominent 

in more advanced fields, first-generation infestation expected to be light. 
(Neiswander). IOWA - Moth activity high June 29, dropped off June 30. Six new 
egg masses per 100 plants on Boone County observation fields, few new egg 
masses on corn in Missouri River bottoms. Tall corn in west central area 

65-96 percent infested, averaged 7 larvae per plant. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 

ARKANSAS - Egg deposition on corn has begun in Phillips County. About 30 
percent of larvae have pupated. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Approximately 

40 percent pupation, 10 percent emergence in southeast section. Remaining 
larvae mostly fifth instar. No new egg masses observed. (Jackson). Egg 
laying and hatch completed in central section. Averaged 3-16 larvae per stalk 
on 65-100 percent of untreated corn exceeding 45 inches in height. Larvae 
largely third to fifth instars. (Kyd, Thomas). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg masses 
averaged 15 per 100 plants in north central region, 19 per 100 plants in 

east central region. No evidence of hatching. (Hantsbarger). 


603 


A CARABID (Agonoderus lecontei) - COLORADO - Damaged sorghum plantings in 
Kiowa County. (Ext. Serv.). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Moderate, scattered over 
Saluda County, killing corn and millet. Worst where these crops are near wheat 
and oats. (Nettles, et al.). TEXAS - Caused considerable damage to grain 
sorghum and corn, Kaufman County. (Randolph). MISSOURI - Continued to cause 
light to moderate damage to small corn and grain sorghums in west central and 
southwestern areas. (Kyd, Thomas). NORTH CAROLINA - Injured corn and milo 
locally, Cabarrus County. (Bowles). Invaded corn from small grain, Franklin 
County. (Baldwin). GEORGIA - Moderate on corn in Forsyth County. (Rucker). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 2-3 per ear on market 
corn at Alachua, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Eggs and larvae 


numerous on sweet corn ears. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Damage moderately severe 
in Washington County. In corn 10 days earlier than 1957 at Spanish Fork, Utah 
County. (Knowlton). Severe in tassels of field corn, Davis County. (Rogers, 


Knowlton). Larvae in 2-3 percent of early corn ears, areas north of Salt 

Lake City. (Dorst). TEXAS - Very light on grain sorghums in Brazos and 
Burleson Counties. (Randolph). WASHINGTON - Developing about normal or a 
little slower than usual at Walla Walla. (Cook). Heavy on 200 acres of corn 
at Wapato. Worse than in 1957. (Landis). MARYLAND - Light to moderate in 
whorls of early sweet and field corn, Queen Annes. County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
MISSOURI - Egg counts very light on silking field corn, but larvae averaged 

1-5 per ear tip in 60-95 percent of earlier corn, southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). 
DELAWARE - Prevalent in silks and ears of sweet corn, Sussex County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). VIRGINIA - Severe on corn in Henry County with 25 percent damage 

in one field, less in others. (Pollard). Caused heavy damage to corn in some 
Prince Edward County fields (Rowell, Striplin) and with sap beetles destroyed 
25 percent of corn in a Halifax County field (Rowell, Dinwiddie). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Up to 50-75 per whorl on 
young sorghum in panhandle counties. (Coppock). MISSOURI - Very heavy on small 
‘grain sorghums in extreme southeast area where 80-100 percent of plants had 
500-1,000 per plant. Lady beetles building up rapidly. (Kyd, Thomas). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ARKANSAS - Beginning to pupate, moth 
emergence expected about July I3. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Light to 
moderate on late corn in Caddo, Bossier and Livingston Parishes. (Spink). 
MISSOURI - Light to moderate on small corn in widely scattered fields over 
extreme southeast area. Smaller larvae working down in whorls. Because of 
hot, dry weather, larger larvae feeding just below ground surface. (Kyd, 
Thomas). VIRGINIA - Feeding on corn tassels, Appomattox County, caused 
tassels to weaken and drop or fall over. (Rowell, Smith). 


FLEA BEETLES ~— NEW YORK - Active on sweet corn in Livingston County, with 
apparently little damage. Less evident on older plants in Hudson Valley. 

(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). TEXAS - Caused light damage on grain sorghum, 
Dimmit County. (Harding). MARYLAND - Chaetocnema pulicaria adults averaged 

5 per sweet corn plant in whorl stage at Price. Bacterial wilt noticeable in 
some fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - TEXAS - Damaged grain sorghum in 
Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). 


LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Damaged Sudan grass 
in Erath County. First appearance. (Hawkins). Damaged peanuts in Frio and 
Erath Counties. (Harding, Hawkins). 


SAP BEETLES - DELAWARE - Carpophilus lugbris numerous in tassels and silk of 
sweet corn, Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding on 
corn silks and tips, Randolph County. (Scott, Farrier). 


604 


SLUGS - OHIO - Injury severe to young corn plants following alfalfa over much 
of northeastern part of State. Persistence attributed to excessive soil 
moisture. (Neiswander). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Pupae in grain sorghum, Brazos 
and Burleson Counties. (Rnadolph). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Moths emerging 
in Lafayette County, full grown larvae and pupae in Woodruff County. About 

50 percent of larvae have pupated. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Appeared on 
late corn, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). 


STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported from Aiken County. 
(Nettles et al.). NEW YORK — Much more prevalent than in several years. 

(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). MAINE - Probably Papaipema sp. caused moderate 
to severe damage to young corn at Presque Isle. (Shands). 


STINK BUGS - ALABAMA - Nezara viridula light to moderate on corn, Escambia 
County. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Murgantia histrionica averaged 3 per 10 sweeps 
in one Texas County alfalfa field. (Coppock). EX - Light to medium on 

grain sorghum, Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). NEVADA - Cholorochroa 
Sayi numbers moderate on grain in Kings River Valley, Humboldt County. 
(Gallaway, June 27). COLORADO - Spotted infestations of C. sayi in wheat and 
barley fields, Larimer County. (Ext. Ser., Exp. Sta.). IDAHO - C. sayi adults 
relatively abundant, but still below economic levels and general on dryland 
wheat in American Falls, Rockland, Roy and Arbon areas. (Schow). NEW MEXICO - 
Chlorochroa sayi damaged pinto beans in many Luna County fields. (N. M. Coop. 


Rpt 


SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Second-generation larvae 
very light on young corn, St. Landry and Avoyelles Parishes. (Spink). 


WIREWORMS - IDAHO - Reported in Cooperative Economic Insect Report 8(23) :476 
as attacking alfalfa crown buds and corn identified as Limonius californicus. 
(Gittins). DELAWARE - Destroyed one-quarter acre of field corn, New Castle 
County. (Bray). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Continued to increase range 
in State. Larvae on Second-cutting alfalfa. (Wheeler, June 30). DELEWARE - 
Adults averaged 260 per 30 sweeps in alfalfa-orchard grass field in New 
Castle County. Invaded houses bordering field, June 27. Adults and larvae 
prevalent in portions of Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - First- 
generation adults averaged 2 per sweep on alfalfa, Queen Annes County. Few 
larvae present. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Caused severe damage to 
alfalfa in one area of Loudoun County where crops were sprayed before first 
cutting was removed. Some newly hatched larvae present. (Brown). Late 

stage larvae medium on alfalfa in localized areas, Shenandoah County. 
(Coiner). IDAHO - Larvae numerous on alfalfa throughout southwestern areas, 
usually below economic levels. (Waters). WYOMING - Very heavy on elk range, 
Teton County, with alfalfa being cut. (Davison). UTAH - Caused moderate 
damage to alfalfa at Enterprise. (Knowlton). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - IOWA - Large numbers of moths appearing in 
light traps at Ames, Ankeny and Bancroft. Newly-hatched larvae in rain-lodged 
oats and bluegrass, Story County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). OHIO --Prevalent on 
grains and grasses in southern and southwestern areas during past 3-4 weeks, 
injury now largely subsided. (Goleman). COLORADO - Peak flight recorded 

June 16 at Springfield, Baca County. (Exp. Sta.). WISCONSIN - Very low 
numbers of third-instar larvae in a Dane County corn field, concentrated 

along fence rows. Light trap catches declining. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH 
DAKOTA - Caused some damage to a rye field in Moody County. (Hantsbarger). 


605 


APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - MAINE - Heavy migration flights 
at Presque Isle June 29 and July 2. General on oats. (Shands). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Severe infestation damaged 
wheat in Devils Lake area, Ramsey County. Marginal counts ranged 100-200 larvae 
per sweep, field counts averaged 6-15 larvae per linear foot of row. Heavy 

and attacking flax, safflower and garden plantings in Beach area, Golden 

Valley County. Damaged soybeans at Gardner, Cass County. Scattered infesta- 
tions expected over State as moth numbers have been high in many areas. (N. D. 
Ins Rpt.) 


BLACK BUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in barley fields in Tule 
Lake area, Siskiyou County. Severe enough to require replanting and treatment. 
Light in Visalia area, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Destroyed 
one field of corn in extreme Southern part of State. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). 

MISSOURI - Full grown larvae of this species and Feltia subgothica damaged small 
corn in few fields in extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). OREGON —- This 
species and Peridroma margaritosa infested several hundred acres of barley 

and some oat fields at Lower Klamath Lake, Klamath Falls, June 23. Spots 

6-150 feet in diameter completely destroyed, with 10-30 percent of some fields 
damaged. (Schuh, Vertrees). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - MAINE - Much less abundant at 
Presque Isle than at Same time in 1957. (Shands, June 28). MINNESOTA - Counts 
vary greatly from field to field, with as many as 200 per linear foot. 
Population reduction reported in some areas. Indications of predator buildup. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Appears to be decreasing in eastern part of 
State. Averaged 3-4 per head on 50-60 percent of stems in headed wheat. No 
damage observed. Predators increased with 2-7 lady beetle larvae per square 
foot in some fields. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Numbers declined on 
small grains. (Hantsbarger). IDAHO - Occasional aphid on winter wheat in 
northern counties. Stem mothers colonizing on spring grains throughout northern 
section, spotted areas with up to one aphid per 3 plants. Over-all populations 
on northern grains relatively low. Predator activity, predominantly lady 
beetle and lacewing adults, extremely high. (Gittins, Portman). NEVADA - 
Moderate to heavy on grain in Grass Valley area, south of Winnemucca, 

Humboldt County. (Gallaway, June 27). 


WHEAT STEM SAWFLIES (Cephus spp.) - VIRGINIA - Larvae of C. pygmaeus caused 
lodging of wheat in several fields, one area of Stafford County. (Morris, Beck). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - C. cinctus on winter wheat in Haakon County caused up to 

5 percent damage to crop. (Hantsbarger). 


ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 3 per 
10 sweeps on alfalfa in north central region. (Hantsbarger). 


BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Numerous in alfalfa throughout 
State. Averaged 50-80 per 10 sweeps in one Cimarron County field. (Coppock). 
LOUISIANA - Heavy localized and spotty infested areas in alfalfa, Tensas 
Parish. (Spink). NORTH DAKOTA - Damaged soybeans at one location near Gardner, 
Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Caused heavy defoliation to very 
small spots in soybean fields in scattered southeast areas. (Kyd, Thomas). 
WYOMING - In alfalfa in Buffalo area, Johnson County. Very little damage. 
(Davison). 


CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - IDAHO —- In all red clover fields 
checked in Boise Valley area. (Waters). 


606 


GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege Similalis) - DELAWARE - Few larvae in western Kent 
County alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). ILLINOIS - Appearing on corn and 
soybeans in extreme southern part of State. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - 
Larvae damaged small corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, cotton and alfalfa over 
much of State. General and heavy on alfalfa, remained very spotted and 
scattered on all field crops. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - Light to moderate 
on older alfalfa, Caddo Parish. (Spink). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Increased on soybeans, 

clovers and alfalfa throughout State. Averaged 15-20 per 10 sweeps on 

alfalfa, upper Sussex County, and 10 per 10 sweeps in one central Kent County 
field. Heavy on soybeans, Sussex County. Gradual decrease in numbers north- 
ward. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Averaged 1-3 per sweep on alfalfa, Howard 
and Queen Annes Counties, all instars present. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Scattered individuals on field 
corn throughout State, no apparent damage. Averaged 1 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. 
Caused moderate damage to soybeans in central Kent and upper Sussex County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - LOUISIANA - L. lineolaris light to moderate on blooming 
alfalfa, Caddo Parish. (Spink). IDAHO - Generally above 4 per sweep in untreated 
alfalfa fields checked throughout southwestern section. (Waters). Abundant on 
approximately 30 acres of safflower and caused noticeable damage to buds. 
(Schow). L. elisus and L. hesperus averaged 4 per sweep in alfalfa fields 
sampled in Bruneau and Grandview areas, Owyhee County. (Gittins). NEVADA - 
Moderate to heavy populations on seed crops in Orovada area, Humboldt County, 
reduced by treatment of fields. (Gallaway, Hilbig, June 27). NEW MEXICO - 

Heavy in seed alfalfa at Hagerman and Dexter, Chaves County. Nymphs becoming 
numerous in alfalfa fields throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - 
Caused considerable damage to sweet corn in Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). 
Large numbers in Graham County alfalfa fields, 30-40 per 10 sweeps. (Woodruff, 
June 16). Caused severe damage in Pinal County with 6,032 acres controlled. 
Increased, with up to 116 per 100 sweeps in 3 fields, Graham County. One 
treated field showed 12 per 100 sweeps. (Miller). 


A NITIDULID (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Migrating to red clover about 
2 weeks earlier than in 1957. (Crowell). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MARYLAND - Generally light on alfalfa in all 
sections of State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Decreased in alfalfa 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MINNESOTA - Remained high in all 
districts, 125-600 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - 
Continued high in alfalfa. (N.D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Numbers on decline 
on alfalfa. (Hantsbarger). OKLAHOMA - Light in a few, scattered alfalfa fields 
in northwest and panhandle counties. None found in most fields. (Coppock). 
NEVADA - Heavy on alfalfa in Orovada area, Humboldt County. Treatment begun in 
many fields. (Gallaway, June 27). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Uncommon on most 
second-cutting alfalfa. (Wheeler, June 30). MARYLAND - Averaged less than one 
per sweep on alfalfa, Howard and Queen Annes Counties. Generally lighter than 
at same time in 1957. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Low in central and 
southern alfalfa fields, but may be threat to quality second-crop hay. Averaged 
2-4 nymphs per 100 sweeps in Dane County alfalfa. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - 
First 1958 records were May 20 in Garvin and Cleveland Counties and May 21 

in Carter County. (Coppock). 


607 


A PSYCHID (Apterona crenulella) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant on small stand of 
alfalfa and sweetclover in Bear River Valley near Preston. Caused considerable 
skeletonizing of foliage. (Gittins). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - ARIZONA - Population building up 
rapidly in Yuma area, Yuma County. Situation dangerous as there are almost 

no predators present. (Roth, June 24.). Increasing over southern part of State. 
Noted about June 25 when light summer rains and hot weather began. (Miller). 
OKLAHOMA - Exceedingly low in panhandle and other northwest counties. None 
found in some fields. (Coppock). COLORADO - Averaged 2-5 per sweep in New 
Liberty area, Mesa County, June 27. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Medium to heavy on 
alfalfa in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). NEW MEXICO - Generally 
light in southern part of State. Still some control in alfalfa fields in 

Chaves County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Not yet damaging in southwestern part 
of State. (Knowlton). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - Heavy in Butler 
County alfalfa. (Guyton). LOUISIANA - Moderate on alfalfa, East Baton Rouge 
Parish. (Spink). TEXAS - Averaged 12-25 per sweep on alfalfa, Brazos and 
Burleson Counties. (Randolph). Caused some damage to peanuts, Fayette County. 
(Garner). 


YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ILLINOIS - One field in extreme 
southern part of State with 90 percent of plants fed upon by 2 worms per plant. 
(I11l. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Few on soybeans, alfalfa and corn throughout State. 
Damage negligible. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Caused light damage to 
soybeans in Escambia County. (Grimes). DELAWARE - Caused light to moderate 
damage to soybeans, upper Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) - MINNESOTA - Larvae feeding on thistle and 
cocklebur in Jackson and Nicollet Counties, and at least one instance, have 
moved to soybeans. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Larvae on thistles in Rock, 
Jefferson and Columbia Counties, may become problem on peas not treated for 
pea aphid. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). IDAHO - Newly emerged adults becoming very 
common throughout northern counties. Some larval injury to hollyhocks in 
Moscow area. (Gittins, Portman). 


A SERPENTINE LEAFMINER (Liriomyza sp.) - FLORIDA - Eggs, larvae and adults 
averaged 3-20 per plant on cowpeas, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - TEXAS - Damaged peanuts in Houston 
County. (Garner). GEORGIA - Light on peanuts in several southern counties. 
(Johnson). 


THRIPS - ARIZONA - Caused considerable damage in a 20-acre field of sweet corn, 
Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). TEXAS - Frankliniella sp. heavy on peanuts 
in Comanche County. (Hawkins). MARYLAND - Caused light to moderate streaking of 
corn on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on 
peanuts in several southern counties. (Johnson). 


TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) - ALABAMA - Caused extensive damage to 
peanuts in southern parts of State. All except late planted peanuts are 
past stage where there will be too much more damage. (Grimes). 


A SKIPPER - LOUISIANA - Larvae, probably Hylephila phylaeus, as high as 16 per 
square foot of Bermuda grass sod in pasture at Lafayette. (Spink). 


608 


WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - ILLINOIS - Leaf feeding evident on 70 percent 
of plants on one corn field, Champaign County. Averaged one soil entrance per 
plant for possible oviposition. (111. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Damage to range 
grasses continued in flint hill region in east central area. Grubs averaged 
6-8 per square yard in heavily infested areas. Range grasses being killed by 
vast numbers of larvae. Controls being applied in localized areas. (Burkhardt, 
Matthew). 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


NEBRASKA - First-brood ARMYWORM activity about ceased in eastern portion of 
State. Light populations continue feeding in west. Heavy flights indicated 
at all light trap locations. (Andersen, Pruess). WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM in wheat 
Hitchcock, Red Willow, Frontier, Keith and Lincoln Counties. Considerable 
injury to one field of rye in Lincoln County. (Pruess). HESSIAN FLY general 
in western area, little damage present. Caused lodging of wheat in southeast 
and south central regions. (Pruess, Andersen). VARIEGATED CUTWORM continued 
acitve in few Lincoln County alfalfa fields, averaged 6-10 per square foot. 
(Pruess). 


NEW YORK - MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE plentiful in all western bean feilds examined. 
Many egg masses present, no larvae seen. EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg masses on 
early and mid-whorl stage corn in western area. Early-instar larvae in 
Livingston County. Larvae in 13-17 percent of unsprayed sweet corn plants in 
Hudson Valley,1-5 percent of variously sprayed plantings. Hatching and 
feeding on small corn in Monroe County. Egg masses on 10 percent of early 
corn, Nassau County. CORN EARWORM detectable in unsprayed Hudson Valley 
sweet corn. Eggs on 30 percent of early corn in silk, Nassau County. 

CODLING MOTH entries on unsprayed trees first noted June 23, very numerous 

by July 2. Peak of larval activity expected within next two weeks at Geneva. 
Activity increasing in Rockland County, emergence reached peak in Monroe County 
June 30. First fruit entry June 30. Emergence now at low level in Wayne 
County. First APPLE MAGGOT flies found in Rockland County July 3. Heavy 
numbers of ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH caught in bait traps July 3, Rockland County. 
Injured peach twigs in Niagara County on same date. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


609 


FRUIT INSECTS 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - CONNECTICUT - Populations increased tremendously on 
new growth on apple trees, due to cool night and day temperatures, necessitating 
special control. (Johnson). PENNSYLVANIA - Persistent but not in large numbers, 
Blair County. Most aphids on apple sucker growth and a few on new twig growth. 
(Udine). MARYLAND - Heavy on apples in most orchards in Hancock area. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Abundant in many orchards. (Cutright). 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MASSACHUSETTS - First adult emerged June 25 
at Waltham. (Wheeler). NEW YORK - Fly emergence started again on June 25 and is 
increasing in eastern area. (N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). MICH. - Adults emerging, Shelby, 
June 30. (Hutson). WIS. - First adult May 28, Dane County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


APHIDS - RHODE ISLAND - On apple and blueberry at Westerly. (Caroselli). 

NEW YORK - Difficult to hold in check in orchards in Orange County. Building 
up in Columbia and Monroe Counties. Problem in Rockland County. (N. Y. Wkly. 
Rpt., June 30). NEW JERSEY - Problem on apples. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). OHIO - 
Anuraphis roseus damage more severe than any other time in the last decade. 
(Cutright). UTAH - Severely infested plum and pecan trees in St. George- 
Santa Clara area of Washington County. (Knowlton). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW YORK - Flight activity increased 
during the week of June 23 in eastern area. First entries at Geneva, June 23, 
eggs hatched in Monroe County beginning June 27. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NEW 
JERSEY - Few reports of fresh entries in apple. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). OHIO - 
Stragglers still emerging in cages. No larvae under bands to July 3. Infesta- 
tions light to date. (Cutright). INDIANA - No emergence of first-brood moths 
from emergence cages at Vincennes insectary. Second=-brood larvae will not be 
active in Vincennes area before July 7 at earliest. (Hamilton). MINNESOTA - 
Active in fruit in all areas. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - New entries re- 
ported from all parts of State and larvae of all sizes found in many orchards. 
This indicates that first brood is well spread out and that there will be no 
break between first and second broods. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). UTAH - Moths 
numerous in several areas of Washington County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - 
Light on walnuts in Hollister, San Benito County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - INDIANA — No second=brood 
larvae have been observed to date at Vincennes. (Hamilton). NEW YORK - First 
summer-brood moths caught June 27 in eastern area. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). OHIO - 
Little damage by first generation. (Cutright). PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to 
emerge, June 23, on apple in Adams County. Heavy emergence expected week end- 
ing July 5. (Asquith). Eggs found, June 26, Adams County. (Pepper). 


APPLE AND THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana) - IDAHO - Leaf rollers 
reported in CEIR 8(25) :537 have been identified as above-named species. 
(Gittins). 


EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - OHIO - Generally light except in a few 
orchards. (Cutright). INDIANA — Averaged 0-4.8 livemites and 0-37.6 eggs 
per leaf, June 30, depending on control applied. (Hamilton). MARYLAND - 
Very light on apples. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


MITES - INDIANA - Egg populations numerous enough in some apple orchards in 
Vincennes area to warrant control. Tetranychus telarius building up in one 
orchard. (Hamilton). Considerable population pressure on apples in Orleans 
area. (Marshall). NEW YORK - T. telarius building up in Orleans County. 

(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). CALIFORNIA — Eotetranychus willamettei and 
Tetranychus pacificus medium on grapes in Lodi area, San Joaquin County. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO —- Bryobia praetiosa complex light, caused minor damage 
to apple foliage in 3 counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MASSACHUSETTS - Oligonychus 
ilicis bronzing cranberries locally near Wareham. (Wheeler, June 30). © 


610 


A CHAFER (Diplotaxis popino) - ARIZONA - Seriously damaged peach trees and fruit 
in the Phoenix area. (Mendenhall, June 26). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) -— DELAWARE — Few on peach trees in central 
Kent County. No damage yet. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - UTAH - Damage conspicuous in several 
areas of Washington County. (Knowlton). 


WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) - OREGON — Adults emerg- 
ing in Benton County, July I. (Every) . 


A KATYDID - TEXAS - Species unknown, caused heavy damage to peaches in Brazos, 
Comanche, Erath and Hamilton Counties. (Hawkins). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MASSACHUSETTS - Terminal injury 
by first brood uncommon. (Wheeler, June 30). INDIANA — New entrance in 
peaches at Orleans is at a low ebb. (Marshall). MISSOURI - Some twig injury 
in southeast area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). 


PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - MASSACHUSETTS - Caused moderate damage 
to cultivated blueberries. (Wheeler, June 30). NEW YORK —- Has been the most 
serious insect problem in orchards up to June 30 in Orange County. (N. Y. Wkly. 
Rpt.). MINNESOTA — Active within fruit in all areas. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 
MISSOURI - Small amount of feeding signs in southeast area, indicating adults 
of summer generation are out. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). 


A CHRYSOMELID (Luperodes bivittatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on apricot, 
peach and plum trees locally in Chico area of Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Overwintering forms 
migrating to buds. Severe in many pear orchards in Wenatchee Valley and Lake 
Chelan areas. (Burts). CALIFORNIA = Heavy on apple trees in Fort Jones area 
of Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - IDAHO - Adults appearing in low numbers in 
pear orchards in Sunny Slope area, Canyon County. (Bechtolt). 


EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) - MICHIGAN - Eggs hatching in East 
Lansing, Detroit and Grand Rapids. (Hutson). MINNESOTA - Hatching southern 
half of State, July 7. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - L. corni complex 
light on plums and heavy on peaches in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CURRANT FRUIT WEEVIL (Pseudanthonomus validus) = MASSACHUSETTS - Caused moderate 
damage to cultivated blueberries. (Wheeler, June 30). 


ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - CALIFORNIA - Lightly damaged boysen- 
berries in St. Helena area, Napa County. Medium on blackberries at Fairfield, 
Solano County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults abundant, 
laying eggs in blueberry planting, Barnstable County. (Wheeler, June 30). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Heavy in Gonzales County, 
second generation defoliating trees. (Garner). 


WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) - CALIFORNIA — Medium on walnuts in 
Chico area, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Moderate but 
increasing populations on walnut at Union Gap. (Landis). 


611 


PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Survey of an improved 

pecan orchard in Jefferson County showed 33 percent of nut clusters entered 
by first-generation larvae. (Flora). LOUISIANA - In pupal stage but just 

beginning to emerge in some areas. (Spink). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Continues serious on pecans 
throughout State. (Spink) . 


MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) -FLORIDA - No finds since 
November 26, 1957, making 213 fly-free days through June 27. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - UTAH - Serious in a number of Weber 
and Utah County orchards. ~ (Knowlton). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - WYOMING - Population in Douglas- 
Casper area averaged 21 per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine. None found on early 
potatoes. Population decreased rapidly north of Casper to an average of 2.5 
per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine in Midwest-Kaycee area. Only 1 psyllid in 
Big Horn Basin area in 400 sweeps of early potatoes and matrimonyvine; 1 in 
100 sweeps of matrimonyvine in Rawlins while 13 found in Medicine Bow on same 
host. (Davison). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Heavy larval 
feeding locally on tomatoes. Adults and larvae common on potatoes. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). MASSACHUSETTS - All stages present at Amherst. Damage 
already serious in one planting of potatoes and eggplants. (Wheeler). 
PENNSYLVANIA - Adults and larvae on potato in Clearfield County, 15 in a 200 
foot row. (Adams). FLORIDA - Averaged 2-3 adults and few eggs and larvae 
per plant on eggplant at Santa Fe, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


APHIDS - NAINE - Aphis abbreviata, Macrosiphum solanifolii, Myzus persicae and 
M. solani increased in numbers as the spring migrations continued. Populations 
sStilimismall - (Shands). MASSACHUSETTS - Increasing on squash, cucumber and 
melons at Amherst. (Wheeler). NEW YORK - Abundant on early cabbage and 
tomatoes, Wayne County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). VIRGINIA - Macrosiphum 
solanifolii heavy on tomatoes in localized areas of eastern Virginia. 
(Hofmaster). WISCONSIN - Increasing on beans in Trempealeau County area. 

(Wis. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Brevicoryne brassicae building up rapidly on 
cabbage in Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Light on potatoes in Yakima 
and Adams Counties; moderate in Grant County where treatment now required. 

To July 4, 3000-4000 acres treated. (Landis). NORTH DAKOTA - Light infesta- 
tions in several potato fields in Walsh and Pembina Counties. (Schulz). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Beginning to appear 
in light traps at New Libery, Mesa County, June 16 and Rocky Ford, Otero County, 
June 18. (Exp. Sta.). NORTH DAKOTA - Light in potatoes in Walsh and Pembina 
Counties. (Schulz). WISCONSIN - Population low in southeastern area but high 
in Rhinelander area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


THREE-LINED POTATO BEETLE (Lema trilineata) - PENNSYLVANIA - Beginning to show 
up on potato in Clearfield County. (Adams) . 


POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella). ARIZONA —- Several car loads of 
potato tubers were dumped as a result of 20 percent infestation with larvae 
in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Miller). 


612 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW MEXICO - Eggs numerous on tomato plants 
in fields around Deming, Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Common on 
foliage and in fruits of tomatoes in southwestern Sussex County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - f{aused considerable damage to cantaloup, 
Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). WASHINGTON - Migrating from cut alfalfa 
to potatoes, damaging terminal leaflets on 200 acres at Kittitas. Light 
infestation. (Landis). 


THRIPS —- NEW JERSEY - Drying up of grain has hastened movement to vegetable 
crops. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). WASHINGTON - Damaging potato leaves on 200 acres 
at Othello. Moderate infestation. (Landis). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Generally moderate to heavy, dam- 
aging tomatoes in Luna and Dona Ana Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - 
Small larvae common on tomatoes in southwestern Sussex County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). ARIZONA - Larvae damaged tomatoes in Graham, Greenlee and Cochise 
Counties. (Mendenhall, June 26). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Mostly latesinstar 
larvae in potatoes in western Kent County, many pupating. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). VIRGINIA - Damaged potato plants in Henrico County. (Rowell, Davis). 


PEA APHID ( Macrosiphum pisi) - IDAHO - Populations generally low on peas in 
Benewah and Kootenai Counties. (Portman, Gittins). WASHINGTON - Much heavier 
than usual in Walla Walla area. Most peas intended for processing treated. 
(Cook) . 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA —- Heavy infestations on 
string beans in Butler County. (Guyton). NEW YORK - Active for about 10 

days as of June 27, two egg masses found. First egg mass found June 26 in 
Livingston County on early planting of snap beans. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., June 30). 
WYOMING - In small numbers in beans in Wheatland area. A few egg masses 

found. ( Davison). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Considerable damage to beans 
in Butler County. ~ (Guyton). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MAINE - First adult seen June 23. 
(Shands). DELAWARE - Quite common in cabbage in western Kent County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Heavy on kale and collards on Eastern Shore. 
(Hofmaster) . 


DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - NEW YORK - Nuisance population 
present in Hudson Valley. (N.Y. WkIy. Rpt., June 30). VIRGINIA - Heavy on 
kale and collards on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster) . 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) -— NEW MEXICO - Considerable damage to cabbage 
in Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Larvae quite common in cabbage 
in western Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Larvae on collards 
locally in Accomack County. (Hofmaster). 


STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging chili, bell 
peppers, squash and beans throughout Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
MASSACHUSETTS - Serious damage may occur at Amherst. (Wheeler). PENNSYLVANIA - 
Common on cucumbers ail over Clearfield County. (Adams). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - PENNSYLVANIA - 
Common throughout Clearfield County on cucumbers. (Adams) 


613 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Abundant in sugar beet 
fields in Montrose, Delta and Mesa Counties. In Garfield County 40-60 per 
100 sweeps. Curly top in sugar beets 15-85 percent. In tomatoes, western 
yellow blight showing a high incidence in Mesa County. In Delta County curly 
top incidence in sugar beets and tomatoes present but not as widespread as in 
Mesa County where commercial plantings and home gardens show high degree of 
incidence. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Curly top has completely taken some tomato 
patches and fields in Washington County. Others lost majority of plants. 
Abundant, with tomatoes 45-75 percent gone due to curly top in Weber and Box 
Elder County fields. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Largest light trap catch of 
season (June 23-27) at Walla Walla. (Cook). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - IDAHO - A moderately heavy infestation 
of larvae in 15 acres of Sugar beets near St. Anthony. Considerable feeding 
damage evident. (Garner). NORTH DAKOTA - Moth numbers continue high in 
sugar beet fields through northern Red River Valley. Control needed locally 
for larval infestations. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Egg hatch 
beginning in northern valley counties. Some damage. QERDetinsee Rpt)? 


A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Nomophilia noctuella) - CALIFORNIA - Reported as damaging 
lettuce and seedling lettuce plantings. Medium infestations near Castroville, 
Monterey County. This moth is not usually associated with lettuce. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on hops 
in Sloughhouse area, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - WASHINGTON - Worst outbreak since 
1900 in western Washington. Damaging vegetable crops and ornamentals. Peridroma 
margaritosa also involved in this infestation. (Howitt). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Common on asparagus ferns in 
central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) -— DELAWARE - C. asparagi and C. duodecim-— 
punctata prevalent on asparagus ferns in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - WASHINGTON - Worse in Moses Lake than for many 
years, 30 percent cullage in one packing shed. (Landis). OREGON - Second 

brood now appearing at Lake Labish with populations low the week of June 29. 
(Crowell). IDAHO - First generation about 50 percent pupated and adults of 
second generation emerging in Canyon County as of June 30. (Scott). WISCONSIN - 
Continues to be problem. More of a statewide pest than heretofore. (Wis. Coop. 
Sur.). MICHIGAN -— Pupating in 6 areas on June 26. (Hutson). NEW YORK - 

Heavy in sets and continuedto injure some seed onions, Rockland County. Dam- 

age widespread in Orange County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt., Jume 30). MASSACHUSETTS - 
Flies very abundant and laying eggs, Amherst. (Wheeler). 


FLEA BEETLES - MAINE - Injury to potatoes very light. (Shands, June 28). 
ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of Disonycha sp. on beans in Butler County. 
(Guyton). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults on straw- 
berries Jume 18. (Wheeler). 


A GROUND BEETLE (Harpalus pennsylvanicus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavily attacking 
strawberries in Merced area of Merced County in a field adjacent to a recently- 
plowed grain field. Individual seeds were removed from the fruit without feed- 
ing-on the flesh. Slight injury by removal of seeds caused a more rapid 
breakdown of the strawberries. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


614 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Light on tobacco in St. Marys 
County.) (Us Mde. EntemDeptmic 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Light on tobacco in St. Marys County. 
No moths taken at Fairland. No heavy infestations reported to date. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adults injuring tobacco 
in local areas in Duplin, Martin and Pender Counties. (Brady, Jones, Reid, 
Scott). 


SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - FLORIDA - Larvae, pupae and 
adults averaged 4 per 10 tobacco plants on 2 acres of shade tobacco at 
Quincy, Gadsden County. Estimate about 40 percent of plants damaged and 
about half had to be reset. Det. T. J. Spilman. (Fla. Coop. Sur., June 27). 


TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on 
tobacco. Few heavy infestations central St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) - GEORGIA - Light to moderate on tobacco 
in several southern counties. (Johnson) . 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - First generation in lower 
southeast counties out. Hoke County square infestation low but weevils in all 
fields. Anson County 3 to 9 percent infestation in 14 fields examined. Warren 
and Chowan Counties negative in all fields examined. (Cott. News Lett.). 

SOUTH CAROLINA - Percent infestation decreased slightly due to increase in num- 
ber of squares. Florence area where insecticides applied virtually no adults 
and less than 3 percent infestation. (Cott. Lett., Fye et al.). TENNESSEE - 
Light population in southern tier of counties, no weevils found north of regular 
infested portion west Tennessee. Controls started infested area, one treated 
field 10 percent infested. (Locke). GEORGIA - Counts in 42 middle and 

south Georgia fields ranged from one to 45 percent punctured squares with average 
of 19.25 percent. First generation weevils in south Georgia fields. (Johnson). 
ALABAMA - Increasing in south and central areas of State. Counts ranged from 

2 percent in treated fields to 62 pereent in untreated fields. (Grimes). 
MISSISSIPPI - Infestations remain exceptionally light and spotty, all counts 
below 5 percent. Some first generation but no high populations found in delta. 
(Merkl1 et al.). LOUISIANA - Madison Parish counts; 43 treated fields averaged 

8 weevils per acre, 66 untreated fields averaged 19. Square infestations were 

9 percent in 22 treated fields, 33 percent in two untreated fields. Record 
brood expected last week in July. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Increased activity 
in most areas; especially in northeast, east, south central, upper coastal, 
coastal bend and southwest. (Gaines). ARK.- Emergence continues from hiberna- 
tion quarters. Some first generation emergence in Drew County but general heavy 
first-generation emergence expected July 15-20. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - NORTH CAROLINA - No general build up under- 
way but situation is of concern with so much late cotton. (Cott. News Lett.). 
SOUTH CAROLINA -— Population continues to build up in most of State. Eighteen 
times as many moths caught at Florence week ending June 18 as during same period 
in 1957. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA - Forty-two fields examined in middle and 
south Georgia, all infested. Egg counts ranged from zero to 31, averaging 

6.5 per 100 terminals. Larvae ranged from zero to 11, averaging 2.9 per 100 
terminals. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Light but general and on increase. Damage 


615 


anticipated. (Locke). ALABAMA - Decreased to some degree in south and central 
parts of State . Counts made in 22 fields averaged approximately 8 eggs per. 
100 terminals. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Little activity reported; between broods 
in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Square infestation averaged 4 
percent in 23 infested fields, 24 inspected. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - 

Eggs and larvae on decline in most cotton fields. Pupation underway, even with 
attraction of corn heavy influx of moths into cotton expected after July 15 
when emergence is expected to begin. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI —- Light 
infestations in 152 of 750 fields scouted;1 to 6 eggs and 1 to 8 larvae per 

100 terminals, predators controlling small larvae. (Kyd, Thomas). TEX. - Light to 
medium except Lower Rio Grande Valley where heavy infestations reported. 
(Gaines). ARIZONA - None to very few in Pima, Pinal and Maricopa Counties. 
(Bottger et al.). NEW MEXICO - Appear to be building up rapidly in Chaves 

and Eddy Counties. Eggs abundant on cotton in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. 

(N.M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - H. zea light in cotton plantings in Blythe, 
Thermal and Coachella areas of Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Light throughout State. 
(Gaines). FLORIDA - Larvae collected from hibiscus blooms at Plantation 
Key, Monroe County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Blossom survey of 2093 
acres of cotton in Imperial and Riverside Counties by Federal, State and 
County personnel was negative. (Cale iCoopeeRpiteo 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Light on cotton in Blyth-Ripely 
area, Riverside County, and Holtville area, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARIZONA - Present but not abundant in fields 
examined in Pima and Pinal Counties. (Bottger et al.). GEORGIA - Light in- 
festations in Tift, Colquitt and Cook Counties. (Johnson). 


CLICK BEETLES - MISSISSIPPI - Damage to small squares and terminal buds of 
cotton. Counts of 30 to 50 adults per 100 plants reported delta area. 
(Merkl et al.). 


COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA -— Heavy on Geneva County cotton. Light 
to medium in other south and central areas. (Grimes). GEORGIA - Moderate 

to heavy in 13 eastern and southeastern counties. Light in Thomas, Johnson, 
Washington, Jefferson and Hancock Counties. (Johnson). TENNESSEE - Light to 
heavy, growth of small cotton being retarded in northern counties. Predators 
reducing growth but weather becoming favorable for build up. (Locke). 

MISSOURI - Greatly declined, present problem over due to heavy predator and 
parasite populations. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - On decline except where fields 
treated with insecticides. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Heavy infestations 
northwest area. (Gaines). 


COTTON LEAF PERFERATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Populations 
remained static in Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). 


COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - CALIFORNIA - Light on cotton squares 
in Thermal-Coachella areas, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - Larvae found in a cotton 
field in Craighead County, located close to infested corn field. (Ark. Ins. 
Rpt.). 


GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Caused severe damage in northwest area and some damage 
on field margins in upper coastal, central and north central areas. (Gaines). 
SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing some damage to cotton in Berkeley County. (Cott. 
Ieiticey re 


616 


FLEAHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Psallus seriatus damage found in most every field 
surveyed. Infestations generally light to medium. (Grimes, Rawson). 
MISSISSIPPI - Light infestations still common in untreated delta fields. (Merkl 
et al.). LOUISIANA - Difficult to find most cotton fields Madison Parish. 
Average 2.13 fleahoppers per 100 terminals in 6 infested fields scouted. 

(Smith et al). TEXAS - Range from light to heavy in all areas of State. 
(Gaines). TENNESSEE - Causing considerable damage to young squares, controls 
necessary in many fields to set squares. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Very few flea- 
hoppers found. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.) SOUTH CAROLINA - Damaging untreated cotton. 
(Cott. Lett.). NEW MEXICO - Generally moderate to heavy infestations damaging 
cotton in southern part of State. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Little change 
in population of a black fleahopper, few Maricopa County fields had populations 
up to 15 per 100 sweeps, numbers decreased in Pima County. (Bottger et al.). 


PLANT BUGS - MISSISSIPPI - L. lineolaris causing more damage than any other 
insect in delta area. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - L. lineolaris rather 
abundant and apparently causing considerable damage in Madison Parish, counts 
averaged 22 per 100 sweeps. (Smith et al). ALABAMA - Lygus lineolaris con- 
tinued to present minor problems in central area. (Rawson). NEW MEXICO - 
Generally heavy infestations on cotton in southern counties. Counts ranged 8 
to 80 per 100 sweeps in Luna County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Populations 
decreasing Pima County. Remain high in some areas Pinal County where more than 
6000 acres treated. (Bottger et al.;Miller). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Light in Blythe area, 
Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Infestations on experimental cotton plots in Autauga 
County increased to point necessitating treatment. (Rawson). SOUTH CAROLINA - 
Becoming problem in fields where rainfall deficient. (Cott. Lett.). 

MISSOURI - Very spotted infestations, spot treatment in several fields. (Kyd, 
Thomas). GEORGIA - Light infestations in southeastern counties. (Johnson). 
ARIZONA - Populations on decline in Waddell area of Maricopa County due to 
high humidity and activity of Orius SPP-, averages one per cotton leaf. 
(Bottger et al.). 


STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - TENNESSEE - Causing heaviest damage this 
season than any Since survey started. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Found in cotton 
in Craighead County during week ending June 28. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


STINK BUGS - ARIZONA - Low populations all areas. (Bottger et al.). NEW MEXICO - 
Chlorochroa sayi moderate to heavy spotty infestations damaging squares and 
bolls in Luna and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


THRIPS - ALABAMA —- Heavy in young squares and in blooms of Autauga County 
cotton. Rather unusual for this time of year. Feeding could cause damage 

to young squares. (Rawson, Grimes). LOUISIANA - Counts in 35 fields inspected 
averaged 1.41 per plant, some damage still occurring in presquare late cotton. 
(Smith et al.). TEXAS - Light in all areas except north plains. (Gaines). 
ARIZONA - Damaged cotton in Pinal County. (Countryman, June 16). 


617 


FOREST , ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - MICHIGAN - Reported from 
Sault Ste. Marie for first time, 10 percent pupated June 17; 50 percent 
pupated at Harbor Springs June 16; 20 percent at McMillan June 17; 10 percent 
at Calumet June 18 and 30 percent at Epoufette on June 19. (Hutson). 
PENNSYLVANIA - Moth emergence heavy Indiana County late June. Averaged 12 
moths per 4-foot red pine. (Udine). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) NEW JERSEY - Reported in southern part of State. 
(Ins. Dis. NewsI.). 


FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) - NORTH DAKOTA - Few spots of 
severe defoliation in native timber at Ft. Totten; pupation complete. (N. D. 
Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Aerial survey Duluth area and north of Cloquet indicates 
250-300 square mile area of complete defoliation. Moderate to light on addi- 
tional 300 square mile area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Heavy defoliation 

in western Vilas and Oneida Counties. Pupating in northern counties. (Wis. 
Coop. Sur.). 


JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - MICHIGAN - Larvae one-fourth to : 
one-half inch long at Roscommon. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - Pupation complete in 
Adams County and emergence has begun. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - MICHIGAN - Egg deposition at Gogebic 
June 19. (Hutson). 


LARGE ASPEN TORTIX (Archips conflictana) - MICHIGAN - Pupating in Houghton, 
Ironwood, Ewen and Watersmeet areas. Complete defoliation some areas. (Hutson). 


PINE SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora parallela) - MICHIGAN - Mature nymphs present at 
Roscommon. (Hutson, July 1). 


A PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti) - MASSACHUSETTS - Abundant on pitch pine. 
(Wheeler, June 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MICHIGAN - Small larvae at Keeweenaw. 
(Hutson, July 1). MINNESOTA - Pupation starting Superior National Forest. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt., July 3). 


SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Infestations in- 
creased to damaging in drier parts of State. (Wheeler, June 30). 


TORTRICIDS (Argyrotoxa spp.) - PENN. - A. semipurpurana and A. albicomana caused 
serious defoliation of oaks in south central area. Det. J.G. Franclemont.(Droos). 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Outbreak developing 
rapidly in Big Thicket area, Southeastern region, where 1950-51 outbreak was very 
destructive. Outbreak area involves 65,000 acres in Hardin County. 

(So. For. Pest Rpt., June 25). 


CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - NEW JERSEY - Caused considerable 
distortion to deIphinium. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NEW JERSEY - Active throughout State. 
(Ins. Dis. Newsl.). VIRGINIA - Damage moderate to severe on susceptable 


ornamental hosts throughout eastern two-thirds of the State. (Morris, et al.). 
MARYLAND - Light to moderate most sections. Few heavy infestations. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). OHIO - Adults appearing in considerable numbers in several areas, 


from 10 days to 2 weeks later than in 1957. (Polivka). ILLINOIS - First 
adults appeared in Sheldon area of Iroquois County. GH Ins. Rpt.) July3)). 
MASSACHUSETTS - First adults at Amherst. (Wheeler). 


618 


AN APHID (Pemphigus bursarius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Lombardy poplars at 
Greenfield, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - MASSACHUSETTS - Damaged 
perennials and some shrubs. (Wheeler, June 30). SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant on 
various ornamentals in eastern part of State. (Hantsbarger). 


BLISTER BEETLES - WEST VIRGINIA - Epicauta murina defoliating 

mimosa trees in Hampshire County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur., June 27). NORTH DAKOTA - 
High populations defoliating year old caragana liner stock in nurseries at 
Towner and Bottineau. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


A BOSTRICHID (Amphicerus cornutus) - ARIZONA - Pruning twigs and boring in 
limbs of paloverde trees in Phoenix area. (Mendenhall, June 26). 


COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) - NORTH DAKOTA —- Eggs about to 
hatch in heavy infestations reported at Rugby, Pierce County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - VIRGINIA - Larvae damaged elms 

at Front Royal. (Coggsdale). Medium damage, Norfolk and Washington Counties. 
(Thomas, Groseclose, Morris). MARYLAND - Heavy this year. (U. Md.,Ent. Dept.). 
DELAWARE - Heavy damage, pupating Sussex County, moderate to light in Kent and 
New Castle Counties. (McCreary, Conrad). WASHINGTON - Adult and larval 

damage in city of Yakima. (Landis). 


WHITE PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - VIRGINIA - Damaged most of native and 
planted stand of white pine locally inMontgomery County. (Rowell). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - First infestation noted Lanham. 


(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE — Low populations scattered in Kent and Sussex 
Counties. (McCreary, Conrad). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES - NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans heavy in Dare County, especially 
around Oregon Inlet. Light around Mantéo, fairly heavy in Hyde and Pamlico 
Counties. (Usry). MINNESOTA - In 213 larval collections in Twin City area, 
Culex territans was present in 138 and in 23 biting collections, Aedes vexans 
was found in 15. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.)-. NEVADA - Aedes nigromaculis increasing 
in Minden area, Douglas County (Roberts, June 27) and Aedes spp. heavy in 
Gabbs, Nye Countye (Rebuffo, June 27). CALIFORNIA - Light trap collections 
indicate Culex tarsalis most numerous species. C. stigmatosoma second most 
numerous in central coastal area and Sacramento Valley, replaced by C. quin- 
quefasciatus in San Joaquin Valley. Culiseta inornata occurred more widely 
in central coastal area than elsewhere. (Peters) . 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200-300 per cow in north- 
western counties. (Coppock). NEVADA - Increasing in Douglas County. 
(Roberts, June 27). 


TABANIDS — ARKANSAS — Remained numerous in most areas of State. (Ark. Ins. 
RD ite) as 


SWALLOW BUG (Oeciacus vicarius) - IDAHO - Heavy in a sawmill at Bovill, many 
workers bitten. (Manis). 


619 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - RHODE ISLAND - Swarming remains common. Three 
cases of foul brood discovered in Washington County. (Mathewson, Bannister, 
Boaro). MINNESOTA - Sweetclover bloom has started in Twin City area and bee 
colonies are gaining very rapidly. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


PREDATORS - ARIZONA - Increasing in all southern cotton fields, with as many 
as 30 lady beetles per 100 sweeps and 15-20 lacewings. (Miller). Collops sp., 
Nabis sp. and spiders continue abundant in most fields. (Bottger, Sheets, 
Kaufman) . 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


ANTS - CONNECTICUT - Tetramorium caespitum and Camponotus herculeanus pennsyl- 
vanicus infested numerous homes, especially basements, during June. (Johnson) . 
RHODE ISLAND —- Alates of C. herculeanus pennsylvanicus generally evident. 
(Mathewson, Caroselli). ~ 


A CAMEL CRICKET —- NORTH DAKOTA - Continued reports of home infestations in 
southeastern area of State. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Foricula auricularia) - MASSACHUSETTS - Very abundant and 
destructive to seedlings and Small transplants. (Wheeler, June 30). RHODE 
ISLAND - Very heavy in and around Providence area. (Mathewson). Also in South 
Kingston. (Howard). CONNECTICUT - Invaded numerous homes and grounds in 
Westville area of New Haven. (Johnson). NEVADA - Caused moderate to heavy 
damage to plants in Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. (Bechtel, Lauderdale, 
June 27). 


FOUR-LINED PLANT BUG (Poecilocapsus lineatus) - MASSACHUSETTS - Very abundant 
at Cambridge, killing weeds and moved to chrysanthemums and tomatoes. 
(Wheeler, June 30). 


Wt haS 
WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Coa) - FLORIDA - Larvae and pupae collected 
June 11 at Bratt, Escambia County. First adult reported June 11 at Milton, 
Santa Rosa County, and larvae collected in Walton County June 27. 
Gila Coopa Surk)). 


620 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis 


Un pee sys ornith. marg. sexta quingq. zea vires. 
ARKANSAS 
Atkins 6/19-25 10 21 2 48 
Fayetteville 6 16 9 17 
Hope 1 2 
Kelso 1 16 13 4 
Morrilton 48 16 16 
Stuttgart Uf 4 13 4 
FLORIDA 
Gainesville 7/1 aL 
Quincey 6/30 3 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 6/27-7/2 299 8 il 97 
KANSAS 
Hays 6/17-30 2766 235 485 2 
Manhattan 6/26-30 74 6 20 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 6/27-7/2 6 2 277 3 
NEBRASKA 
Box Butte 7/1-7 1192 
Kearney 639 
Lincoln 2953 
North Platte 5751 
Scottsbluff 417 
MAINE 
Monmouth 6/29-7/5 ils) 
Orono 6/29-7/5 4 
Presque Isle 6/22-28 2 
MARYLAND 
Fairland 6/27-7/2 7 8 2 4 
MISSISSIPPI 
*Stoneville 6/27-7/3 89 74 200 17 9 4 
NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 7/3 1 13 2 7 
Faison 7/3 7 2 2 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 6/23-29 4 4 32 8 2 8 3 
Clemson 6/28-7/4 3 nS 18 8 5 35 1 
Florence 6/29-7/5 abal 24 176 30 7 2 504 78 
TEXAS 
Brownsville 6/16-27 3 2 31 108 2 


¥*Four traps — Stoneville 


621 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


LARGE WHITE BUTTERFLY (Pieris brassicae (L.)) 


Economic Importance: Sporadic outbreaks of this pest occur throughout most of 
Europe. Such infestations cause serious losses to crucifers in Europe and Asia, 
and on occasions complete loss of the 
crop has been reported. The populations 
were so heavy in 1927 in Poland that 
control measures were not effective in 
preventing destruction of most of the 
food plants. Many host plants have been 
occasionally attacked. In Turkestan, 
USSR, during 1913, 90 percent of the 
cotton crop was destroyed in some areas. 
Generally the late broods are the most 
serious and are largely migrant. Serious 
populations have resulted in England 
from butterfly flights from the Continent, 
and large migrations have been observed 
in Switzerland passing over the Jura 
Mountains and the Alps southward. 


Distribution: Occurs throughout Europe, 
North Africa and the Middle East 
generally and range extends through 
northern India and southern Siberia to 
Tibet and China. 


Hosts: Feeds on many crucifers, garden 
and ornamental plants; but’ generally 
seems to prefer crucifers. 


® General Distribution of Pieris brassicae 


(Pieridae, Lepidoptera) No. 54 of Series 


622 


Life History and Habits: Adults emerge from the overwintering pupae in 

April or May. Eggs are laid in clusters, but sometimes singly, on the under 
surface of leaves, each cluster consists of 4 to 100 eggs. Eggs hatch in 5 to 
8 days and larvae feed through five instars. The total period from egg to 
mature larva varies from 4 to 6 weeks. The chrysalis is attached to plants, 
sticks, stones, and especially to walls and fences. In England, there are 
generally two broods a year, the first laying eggs in May and the second in 
July and August. In USSR, however, three broods are reported, and sometimes 
a partial fourth brood is produced, though this is unusual. Normally the 
latter broods are heavily attacked by parasites. 


Description: The adults of Pieris brassicae and P. rapae are similar in general 
coloration and markings, but P. brassicae is the lTarger of the two species, 
having a wing expanse of 60 mm. compared to 50 mm. in P. rapae. The markings 

on the wings of P. brassicae are as follows: , Female forewing with blotch of 
black at tip, round spot near center of wing, another spot nearer the inner 
margin, and a tapering spot on the inner margin of its point toward the base 

of the wing. One spot on hindwing, situated near middle of coastal margin. 

No markings on forewing of male, with exception of those at tips. The larvae 

of P. brassicae and P. rapae more readily distinguishable; ground color of 

P. brassicae blue-green, spotted with black and P. rapae an intense leaf green, 
‘also spotted with black. In P. brassicae, a narrow, yellow median dorsal stripe 
is present, with two similar, but wider, stripes present on the sides. The 
median dorsal stripe in the larva of P. rapae, orange, with a broken yellow 
stripe on each side. Surface of body in both species covered with small, 

warty projections, each containing a hair. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey 
Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(28) 7-11-58 


Larva 


Female Male 


Figures (except map): All stages from Rostrup, S. and Thomsen, M. 1931. 

Die Tierischen Schadlinge des Ackerbause. 367pp., Berlin. arval damage from 
Balachowsky, A. and Mesnil, L. 1936. Les Insectes Nuisibles aux Plantes 
Cultivees. Vol. 2, pp. 1141-1921. Paris. 


st ION 


A RICULTURAL Zinc SERVIC 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 July 18, 1958 Number 29 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER caused moderate to severe stalk breakage on Eastern Shore 
of Maryland. (p. 625). Infestation north central Iowa lower than in 1957. 
Larval counts heavy in southeastern South Dakota. (p. 626). CORN LEAF APHID 
heavier than usual in Alabama, heavy in some fields in Garvin County, Texas. 
(p. 627). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER found for first time in Craighead and Phillips Counties, 
Arkansas. (p. 627). Several severe ARMYWORM infestations in North Dakota. 
Damaged rye in Roberts County, South Dakota. (p. 627). Heavy light trap 
catches. (p. 640). FALL ARMYWORM lighter than in past four seasons in Arkansas. 
(p. 628). WEBWORMS moderate to severe in North Dakota. (p. 628). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG adults abundant in some locations of Iowa, Illinois and Ohio. 
(p. 629). First 1958 report of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID in Nebraska. (p. 630). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER numerous in areas of several States, curly top incidence 
rather high in some areas. Some control of breeding areas in Idaho. (p. 633). 
Fifth POTATO PSYLLID survey in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska. (p. 633).° 


PINK BOLLWORM found for first time since 1947 in Maricopa County, Arizona. 
(p. 636). LYGUS BUGS increasing in cotton in area of Arizona and in Tennessee; 
major problem in many cotton fields in southern New Mexico. (p. 636). 


NEW STATE RECORDS: An APHID on wheat in Minnesota (p. 629), a SPITTLEBUG in 
Tennessee (p. 630) and BIRCH LEAF MINER in Indiana (p. 638). 


CORRECTIONS. (p. 640). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 637). 


FR ARI I I 2 6 2 2 I kg 2K I kK ok kK KK 


CORRECTION: An error was made in the printing of the cover for the Index to 
Volume 7, 1957. The top of the outside cover should read - Volume 7 Index - 1957 
in place of Volume 8, No. 1 - January 3, 1958. This was mailed with the July 11 
issue of the Report. 


FRE I IC AE 2c ke 2 2k kek CRC ie ke ak kc a ak kc 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 11, unless otherwise 
designated. 


624 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 14 


One of the longest heat waves since 1940 in the Far Southwest and range and 
forest fires in Oregon highlighted the hot, dry weather west of the Continental 
Divide, in Texas and the southwestern Great Plains. Frequent thunderstorms, 
some with damaging winds and hail, local flood producing rains and high 
humidity made up the weather pattern in most of the remainder of the country. 
The week was unusually cool for July in middle and northern portions of the 
mid-Continent area as a result of successive surges of cool Canadian air into 
those areas, and near normal temperatures prevailed in the South and East. 

On the llth, the month-old heat wave in the Far Southwest pushed the mercury 
up to 118° and 111° at Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona, respectively, temperatures 
which matched the all-time highs at both places. On the 13th, Roswell, 

New Mexico, with 109° and Lubbock, Texas, with 106° recorded their highest 
temperatures for that date. 


More Showers in north central areas were beneficial in maintaining and helping 
to replenish soil moisture. However, livestock and irrigation-water supplies 
are still very short in many localities of northeastern Montana. In the 
southwestern Great Plains, dryland sections of New Mexico need rain, and 

3 weeks of hot, dry weather, have nearly depleted soil moisture supplies in 

the low rolling plains and northern plateau: sections of Texas. Heavy rains 

the past week satisfactorily replenished soil moisture in most of Tennessee 

and northern portions of Alabama and Georgia. High winds caused much property 
damage in the vicinity of Topeka and other areas of Kansas, and a flash flood 
at Atchison, Kansas, took several lives. Flash floods in north central Illinois, 
resulting from 8 to 10 inches of rain during the night of July 13-14, caused 
considerable damage. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau.) 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
MID-JULY TO MID-AUGUST 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for mid-July to mid-August calls for 
temperatures to average above normal over the southern third of the nation, 
along the west coast and in the middle Atlantic States. Below normal tempera- 
tures are in prospect for the northern half of the country between the 

eastern Great Lakes and the northern Rocky Mountain States. In unspecified 
areas near normal averages are indicated. 


Precipitation in the northern half of the country is expected to exceed 
normal between the Rockies and the Appalachians. Subnormal rainfall is 
indicated for the Gulf and South Atlantic States as well as the far West. 
Elsewhere near normal rainfall amounts are predicted. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and 
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe 
through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, 
$2.40 a half year. 


625 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - ILLINOIS - Light to moderate, concentrated in fencerows, road- 
Sides, grass waterways and ditch banks. Attacked marginal rows of soybeans 

and corn in some instances. Moderate to heavy in occasional southern hay fields. 
(I11. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Increased considerably in pasture grasses 
throughout State. Neoconocephalus sp. remained most abundant. (Spink). 
WISCONSIN - Remained generally low, but warm weather following rain stimulated 
hatching of Melanoplus femur-rubrum. Alfalfa fields with significant numbers, 
few. Up to 27 nymphs per Square yard in a Winnebago County field. (Wis. Coop. 
Sur.). MINNESOTA - M. bivittatus hatch nearly complete in west central and 
northwest districts, most nymphs in first to third instars, few fourth instar. 
Occasional adult of M. bilituratus and M. differentialis in some fields. 

Recent rains caused heavy mortality of grasshopper nymphs in some areas. 

Counts of 20-40 per square yard in field margins in western Polk and Roseau 
Counties, predominantly first to third instar M. bivittatus. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 
NORTH DAKOTA - Light to threatening in an area along Benson—Pierce County line 
and area west of Cando, Towner County. Adult M. bivittatus averaged 5-30 per 
square yard in field crops in Benson-Pierce County area, with severe leaf 
stripping in field margins. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - M. bilituratus 
infestations spotty in Bennett, Shannon and Washabaugh Counties, as well as 
Fall River, Custer, Pennington and Lawrence Counties from flights entering 
State. Averaged 1-15 per square yard in fields. Approximately 20,000 acres 
treated in Martin area, Bennett County. (Hantsbarger). TEXAS - Considerable 
progress made in rangeland control program in northern panhandle counties. 
(Gaines). Through July 11 total of 696,514 acres of roadsides, range and 

idle lands treated under cooperative control program. (PPC). IDAHO - Hatch 
continued in Nez Perce and Latah Counties. Numbers large enough to be problem 
in some crop areas in Madison and Butte Counties. Late-instar nymphs and 
adults, predominantly M. bivittatus and M. bilituratus, varied 5-300 in con- 
trol areas of Nez Perce and Latah Counties. Concentrating on vegetative covering. 
Approximately 30,000 acres of this area treated as of July 10. (Evans, Gittins). 
NEVADA - Damage to grain and some alfalfa caused mostly by nymphs of Trimero- 
tropis spp. Numbers varied from field to field. (Bechtel). UTAH - Hatch 
extremely heavy at Keg Mountain in Delta area, Millard County, on rangelands 
and railroad right-of-ways and heavy on range in Karp area, Beaver County. 

M. packardii and M. bilituratus caused damage near Circleville and at Marysvale. 
Treatment applied to 140 acres of rangeland south of Hatch. (Knowlton). 
COLORADO - Situation subsiding with harvest of grain crops. (Ext. Serv., Exp. 
Sta.). Through July 11 total of 1,445,595 acres of roadsides, rangeland and 
idle lands treated under cooperative control program. (PPC) . 


MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Outbreak reported near Enterprise. 
Bait applied to 2,000 acres of Piute County. Reported in Alton area, Kane 
County. (Knowlton). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Damage light in fields 
observed, Burlington County. (ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae as 
large as one-half inch long feeding in whorls of field corn in Franklin 
County. No serious injury. (Pepper). MARYLAND - Increased in early planted 
sweet and field corn in central area and on Eastern Shore. Heavy in many 
early-planted sweet corn fields, damage from stalk breakage moderate to 
severe. Pupation about complete, emergence underway on lower Eastern Shore, 
July 10. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Attacking small corn acreages in 
Wythe, Russell, Pittsylvania and Middlesex Counties, with some damage. 
(Morris, et al.). Total of 391 moths taken in light trap at Painter, 

Accomack County, in one night. Larvae in about 50 percent of ears or shanks 
and in most stalks of sweet corn at Painter. (Hofmaster). NORTH CAROLINA - 
Averaged 3-4 larvae per stalk in 17 acres of corn, Surry County. (Shaw, Rabb). 
WISCONSIN - First-brood populations low in southern 


626 


and western sections. Observations indicate continued moth flight and recent 
egg laying in field and sweet corn in vicinity of Lake Winnebago. No egg 
development and no larval feeding in Outagamie County, July 9. Egg develop- 
ment and larval feeding noted in Winnebago, Fond du Lac and Dodge Counties, 
but not in Outagamie County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ALABAMA - Most larvae pup- 
ated, second moth flight well underway in northern part of State. Eggs being 
deposited on young corn. (Eden, Ruffin). MINNESOTA - Cool nights retarded 
moth flights and egg deposition in all districts. Further extensive egg 
deposition not expected. Egg mass and whorl feeding counts for southwest were 
12 and 88; southeast were 0 and 20; for central district, 0 and 4; west central 
0 and 8. Indications are first generation borer populations are considerably 
less than expected based on spring surveys. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - 
Averaged 47.8 larvae per 100 plants in 25 percent of plants in untreated check 
plots of early sweet corn at Columbus. First second-generation pupae observed 
July 9. (Triplehorn). IOWA - Infestation in corn averaged 61 percent in 32 
Boone County fields, compared with 66.6 percent, same period 1957. Infestation 
in north central part of State averaged 24.8 percent as compared with 57.3 
percent for same time in 1957. In the north central area there are fewer than 
half as many infested plants and only 25 percent as many borers per 100 plants 
as in 1957, but larval development is similar to or ahead of 1957. (Iowa Ins. 
Inf.). INDIANA - Larvae, mostly second instar, infested 8 plants per 100 in 
60-66 inch corn in Newton County. Few egg masses found. (Gould). MISSOURI - 
Approximately 50 percent pupation, 10 percent emergence in southeast section. 
Egg-laying beginning. Approximately 50 percent of first-brood larvae parasitized 
by Lydella sp. (Jackson, Peters). Larvae now 85 percent fourth and fifth 
instars in central section. Pupation about 4 percent, but only in earliest 
corn. (Munson). ARKANSAS — Continued to emerge, eggs being laid in several 
areas of State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Egg-laying underway in 
eastern counties, with 50 egg masses per 100 plants in one early field near 
Erie, Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg hatch complete, 
shothole injury in 74 percent of plants and first to fourth-instar larvae, 
predominantly third instar, averaged 343 per 100 plants in southeast region. 
In south central region egg masses averaged 12 per 100 plants with shothole 
injury in 36 percent of plants and first to third-instar larvae, predominantly 
second instar, averaged 198 per 100 plants. Egg masses averaged 11 per 100 
plants in east central region, shothole injury evident in 18 percent of plants 
and larvae, predominantly first instar (ranging first to second instar) 
averaged 68 per 100 plants. (Hantsbarger). 


BILLBUGS -— NORTH CAROLINA —- Calendra spp. local in corn in Beaufort County. 
(Jones, Farrier). Severe on 3-4 acres of corn, Craven County. (Farrier). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Only one egg per 150 stalks observed 
July 3. Mature larvae in emerging tassels. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MARYLAND - 
Light in whorls and tassels of early corn, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. 
Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaged some sweet corn in Bedford County, allowing sap 
beetles to gain entrance to developing ears. (Rowell). Infesting 15-20 

percent of sweet corn at Painter, Accomack County. (Hofmaster). ALABAMA - 

Eggs light to moderate on silks of early corn in northeast area. Few adults 
seen. (Grimes). Adults prevalent on peanuts in southeast area. (Eden). 

OHIO - Examination of ears from untreated check plots of very early sweet 

corn at Columbus indicated only 6 percent infestation. (Triplehorn). 

OKLAHOMA -— Numbers in ear corn in Johnston and Marshall Counties reduced 
sharply, apparently due to disease. Medium to heavy in Garvin County. 

(Coppock). Populations down in central area, very little egg deposition on 

corn. (Arbuthnot). TEXAS — Light in grain sorghum and corn, Jones County. 
(Turney). UTAH - Larvae numerous in corn, some damage to tassels, Washington 
County. Appears threatening in Davis, Box Elder and Cache Counties. (Knowlton). 
COLORADO - Being taken in light traps in Baca, Otero and Mesa Counties. ("x 
Sta.). 


627 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - General in early corn in 
several northeast counties. Heavier than usual for this season of year. 
(Grimes). NORTH DAKOTA - Few scattered infestations in late fields of oats 
and barley, generally light. Few fields required control. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 
UTAH - Damaged few fields of barley in Delta area, Millard County, and several 
fields of spring barley at Escalante, Garfield County. Many lady beetles 
present in latter location. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Heavy on corn and grain 
sorghum, Jones County. Medium on grain sorghum, Jefferson County. (Turney, 
Hawkins). OKLAHOMA —- Light, general in sorghum, central, eastern and south 
central counties. Heavy (to tens of thousands per plant) in some fields in 
Garvin County. (Coppock) . 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.5 adult per seedling 
sorghum plant, Stillwater area. (Henderson). Generally medium to heavy on 
mature sorghum and corn, south central counties. Light, scattered damage to 
late-planted sorghums in same area. (Coppock). 


CORN SILK BEETLE (Luperodes brunneus) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on corn in 
Oktibbeha County, feeding on silks. (Young). 


FLEA BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Common in scattered fields of young sorghum, south 
central counties. Numbers down in all areas. (Henderson, Coppock). UTAH - 
Chaetocnema pulicaria damaged young corn and milo in parts of Washington County. 


(Knowlton) . 


SAP BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Heavy on sweet corn, Page and King George Counties. 
(Rowell, Allison, Hall). Very numerous, adults present on every sweet corn 
ear at Painter Branch Station of Virginia Truck Experiment Station, Accomack 
County. (Hofmaster). Caused heavy damage to field corn, King George and 
Charlotte Counties. (Rowell, Hall, Morton). Present in every sample of 
damaged corn. (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Injured ears of sweet corn, Iredell 
and Randolph Counties. (Ivy, Young, Farrier). 


SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested 
15 percent of stalks in 10-acre corn field, 2 percent in two other fields on 
same farm, Northampton County. (Wright, Farrier). ALABAMA - Most larvae have 
pupated in northern part of State. (Ruffin, Eden). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS —- Emergence 
about 12 percent. Found for first time in Craighead and Phillips Counties. 
(Ark. Inst. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Larvae, apparently second generation, infested 
70 percent of corn plants in one field at Belcher. (Spink). OKLAHOMA - 
Second-generation eggs present in Stillwater area. (Arbuthnot) . 


STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - INDIANA - Caused serious destruction to out-— 
side 4 rows in corn in Starke County, with some injury over to eighth row, 

in area approximately 500 feet long adjacent to weedy fence row. Also damaged 
corn in Howard County, east of Kokomo. Killed 4 rows along field edge. 
(Gould). PENNSYLVANIA - Injured garden sweet corn in Franklin County. 
(Pepper). Appears more abundant generally than usual. (Udine). 


SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - TEXAS - In Jefferson County grain 
sorghum. (Hawkins). 


A WEEVIL (Anacentrinus deplanatus) - TEXAS - Heavy in grain sorghum in McLennan 


County. (Morris). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NORTH DAKOTA - Several severe infestations 
confined to heavy stands of rye at Wahpeton, LaMoure and Dwight, Richland 
County, at Leonard in Cass County and at Ellendale, Dickey County. Larvae 
near maturity, some pupation. Averaged 12-20 larvae per square foot, highest 
in field margins, with 20-30 percent of heads clipped in some fields. Survey 


628 


in other cereals from South Dakota border to Grand Forks showed only small 
numbers at most locations. No damage observed. Largest larvae about half- 
grown. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Averaged one small larva per 10 sweeps 
in alfalfa statewide. Heavy adult flights July 5-6, New Castle County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). ILLINOIS - Averaged 1.2 per linear foot in rank grains 
in northern area. In most heavily infested fields 30-50 percent mortality 
from parasites and disease. (111. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Damaging in- 
festations in rye in Roberts County, up to 90 percent of leaves stripped. 
(Hantsbarger). MINNESOTA - Numerous scattered reports of infestations from 
west central and northwest districts. Some fields have 8 to 10 per square 
foot, but infestations spotty. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - INDIANA - Feeding on corn in Starke 
and Porter Counties. Scattered over field in latter county. (Gould). 
TEXAS - Larvae in fourth and fifth instars on corn, Jones County. (Turney). 
ALABAMA — Adults prevalent on southern peanuts. (Eden). ARKANSAS - First- 
generation larvae pupating in southern part of State. Lighter and caused 
less damage than in past four seasons in this area. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
OKLAHOMA —- No buildup in alfalfa at present time. All fields surveyed had 3 
or less larvae per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). FLORIDA - Averaging 3-5 per plant 
in 12 acres of millet in Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Rpt.). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MARYLAND - Increased on soybeans on 
lower Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Prevalent on soy- 
beans and alfalfa statewide. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - WYOMING - Caused consider- 
able damage to red clover, Teton County, very little damage in Park County. 
(Davison). 


RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Average of 112 per 100 sweeps 
on rice at Gueydan. Grass abundant in fields. (Spink). 


A HESPERID - LOUISIANA - Larvae infesting Bermuda grass pasture in Lafayette 
Parish. As high as 16 per square foot of sod. (Spink). 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) -— SOUTH DAKOTA - Damage on winter wheat 
in west central area. (Hantsbarger). 


CUTWORMS —- NEVADA - Moderate to severe damage to alfalfa in Yerington area, 
Lyon County. (Batchelder, Lauderdale). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - NORTH DAKOTA - Declined rapid- 
ly, with only occasional late grain field showing more than a trace. Lady 
beetles, lacewings and syrphids numerous in most fields. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


THRIPS -— NORTH DAKOTA - Not abundant in southwestern counties, with less 
than 2 adults per 10 plants. Eggs hatching in Grand Forks County. Nymphs 


averaged 10 per plant. Not considered economic. (Post). Adults high in 
few late fields of barley in parts of western Cass County. Averaged 5 per 
stem. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Numerous on blooming alfalfa, sometimes 


on wheat, western Millard County. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in seed 
alfalfa near Hagerman and Dexter, Chaves County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


WEBWORMS —- NORTH DAKOTA - Moderate to severe, damaged soybeans, wheat and 
flax crops at scattered locations in all areas of State. Considerable control 
being applied. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA —- Greatly reduced in eastern 

and southern sections; averaged 0-3 per 10 sweeps in most alfalfa fields. 
(Coppock). 


629 


BLISTER BEETLES - NEBRASKA - Epicauta fabricii and Epicauta sp. averaged 32 
per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in both the east and west. (Andersen). COLORADO - 
Continue to cause damage. (Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). ALABAMA - Caused mod- 
erate damage to alfalfa, De Kalb County. (Grimes). 


AN APHID (Toxoptera viridi-rubra) - MINNESOTA - Collected on wheat from 
Warren area. First record for State and first record for this species on 
wheat according to A. A. Granovsky who made the determination. (Minn. Ins. 
Rpt.). 


APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - MAINE - General on oats at Presque 
Isle. Lady beetles keeping populations down. Heavy on oats in central 
section of State. Some growers treating. (Shands). 


WHEAT-HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Scattered infestation 
in western area wheat. Considerable damage in Haakon County. (Hantsbarger). 


A LEAFHOPPER - TEXAS - Caused some damage to rice in Jefferson County. 
(Hawkins) . 


RICE WATER WEEVIL (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) - TEXAS - First generation 
pupating in rice fields in Beaumont area, Jefferson County. (Hawkins). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN: BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in 
sweet corn at Ft. Sumner, De Baca County. (Naas Coop.7 Rpt... 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEBRASKA - Larvae damaged alfalfa in Scotts 
Bluff, Banner, Morrill and Cheyenne Counties. Averaged 80 larvae and 8 
adults per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). MARYLAND - Adults light to moderate on 
alfalfa, Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - In alfalfa in New Castle County 
and one red clover field in central Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - WYOMING - Averaged 17 per 50 sweeps at Torrington, 
Goshen County, and 48 per 40 sweeps at Riverton, Fremont County, in alfalfa. 
(Davison). DELAWARE - L. lineolaris nymphs numerous in alfalfa, western 

Kent County, adults quite numerous in same crop, southern Sussex County. 

Lygus spp. quite common in alfalfa statewide. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - 
Damaged seed alfalfa, Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - 
Extremely abundant in alfalfa seed fields north of Bonners Ferry and western 


Franklin County. Considerable damage in latter area. (Gittins, Roberts). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - Abundant in scattered alfalfa fields in eastern and south 
central areas, up to 50 per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger) . 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) —- IOWA —- Abundant in corn fields 

and in oats in Clayton County and in a nursery at Charles City. (Iowa Ins. 
Inf.). CALIFORNIA - Light in sweetclover in Pepperwood area, Humboldt 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ILLINOIS —- Adults averaged 1,300 per 100 sweeps 
in northwest alfalfa and clover, 1,075 in northeast. (111. Ins. Rpt.). 
OHIO — Mostly adults. In typical unsprayed fields adult population dropped 
from 29.3 per sweep on June 18 to 9.6 per sweep July 10 on account of dis- 
persal. Highest adult population at Wooster was 178 adults on June 16. 

(Treece) . 


PALE-STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Systena blanda) - DELAWARE - Unusually common in 
red clover, central New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


630 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Declined. Averaged 400 per 100 
sweeps in east central Platte Valley, 196 per 100 sweeps in panhandle counties. 
(Andersen). MARYLAND - Generally light in alfalfa in central counties. 

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Remained very light and scattered in alfalfa 
throughout State. (Coppock). NEVADA - Heavy one area Nye County. (Parker). 
ILLINOIS - Northwestern section averaged 1540 per 100 sweeps, southeastern 1172, 
other sections 300 to 700. (111. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Abundant in northwest 
area. (lowaIns))\init 2). 


POPATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - INDIANA — Unusually low over State. 
(Wilson). MARYLAND — Increased on alfalfa, particularly in central counties. 
Up to 12 per sweep on Frederick County alfalfa. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
DELAWARE —- Marked increase in adults and nymphs on alfalfa and clover 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). WISCONSIN -— Populations very low in 
northeastern alfalfa, never exceeding 5 per 100 sweeps. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
OHIO - Remains low in northeastern area. Less than 0.5 adult in most fields. 
(Treece). ILLINOIS - Adults 100 to 200 per 100 sweeps -in all sections. 
Nymphs 3 to 83 per 100 sweeps. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA —- Small numbers, 

5-6 per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa. (lowa Ins. Inf.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEBRASKA - Few found in McCook 
area, Red Willow County. First report for 1958. (Hill). ARIZONA - Damaged 
20 acres of alfalfa in Pinal County. (Mendenhall). OKLAHOMA - Low in all 
sections throughout State. Counts in southern counties ranged 5-40 per 

10 sweeps. (Coppock). NEW MEXICO - Several heavy infestations in alfalfa, 
Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Scattered and light 
in Esmeralda County. (Bechtel). ILLINOIS - None found. (111. Ins. Rpt.). 


STINK BUGS - UTAH - Chlorochroa sayi damaged some seed alfalfa in Delta area, 
Millard County. Some control being applied. Averaged 2-4 per sweep in some 
seed alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy; damaged 
seed alfalfa in Chaves and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - 

C. sayi becoming more numerous in grain in areas of Esmeralda County. (Bechtel). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) -—- NEW MEXICO - Averaged 
6-14 adults per 100 sweeps in alfalfa at Portales, Roosevelt County. (N. M. 
Coop. Rpt.). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Caused light to moderate 
damage to soybeans, Wicomico and Dorchester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Increased on soybeans, red 
clover and corn statewide. Caused moderate damage to soybeans in several 
fields, Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy 
infestations on soybeans in Lakeport area of Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


BELLA MOTH (Utetheisa bella) - ALABAMA - Adults prevalent on peanuts in 
southeast section. (Eden) . 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS - IDAHO - Nysius ericae mass migrations still occurring in 
Twin Falls area. Species previously reported as unidentified. (T. F. F. S.). 
UTAH - Very abundant on farms and rangeland over State, much above normal. 
(Knowlton). 


A SPITTLEBUG (Lepyronia quadrangularis) - TENNESSEE - Abundant on Johnson 
grass middle of June at Brentwood Hall, Nashville area. First report of 
species from Tennessee. Det. L. M. Russell. (Bruer). 


WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) -— NEW MEXICO —- Active on 
rangeland in Union, Harding and San Miguel Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


631 


FRUIT INSECTS 


EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Populations increasing on 
apple in south central area. (Pepper). DELAWARE - Increasing on apples in 
southern Sussex County. (Kelsey). OHIO - Populations increasing. (Cutright). 
INDIANA - Increased rapidly in Vincennes area, where controls allowed to lapse. 
Bronzing of apple in some instances. Continued as predominant species of 

orchard mites in the area. (Hamilton). UTAH - A serious outbreak at Providence 
in apple orchard. This species rarely abundant this season to July 8. (Knowlton). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - MICHIGAN - Numerous in orchard 
ground cover. (Hutson). PENNSYLVANIA - Increasing on apple in south central 
area. (Pepper). COLORADO - Building up on apple and peaches in Mesa and 

Delta Counties, (Exp. Sta.). 


MITES - ILLINOIS - Tetranychus schoenei and/or T. canadensis in small areas, 
many orchards, Carbondale area. One population reached more than 40 per leaf 
on apples. (Meyer). INDIANA - Tetranychus spp. increased most rapidly on apples 
where not controlled in Orleans area. (Marshall). CALIFORNIA - Bryobia 
praetiosa complex heavy on apple trees in Anza area, Riverside County and 
medium in Petrolia area, Humboldt County. Eriophyes vitis heavy on grapes in 
Placerville, El Dorado County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI - Panonychus 
citri moderate on citrus in Jackson County. (Colmer). NEW MEXICO - Bryobia 
praetiosa complex still a problem in several orchards in Otero, Lincoln and 

De Baca Counties. Tetranychus sp. building up on apple foliage at Ft. Sumner, 
De Baca County. Causing some browning of foliage. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - PENNSYLVANIA —- Moths of first and second 
generation present in South central area. Larvae entering apples in greater 
numbers than in several years. (Pepper). DELAWARE - Adult emergence began 
July 7 from larval-infested apples collected June 19 in New Castle County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). NEW JERSEY - Activity very low. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 
MASSACHUSETTS - First brood through egg laying and hatching in most orchards 

in Amherst area. (Crop. Pest Cont. Mess.). WEST VIRGINIA - Fruit in tops of 
apple trees being damaged in Berkeley and Jefferson Counties. (W. Va. Ins. 
Sur.). OHIO - Marked increase in activity June 30-July 10. First larvae 
leaving apples, July 6. (Cutright). INDIANA - First larvae of summer brood 
have hatched at Orleans. (Marshall). First-brood moths emerged at Vincennes 
July 2. Second-brood entries will occur in orchards about July 10. (Hamilton). 
ILLINOIS - First second-generation moths observed June 29 at Carbondale. Three 
to four-day old larvae in apples July 8. (Meyer). WISCONSIN: - Light to moderate 
populations of pupae, adults and eggs, oviposition continuing in Door County, 
week ending June 28. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Much activity in most of 
State. Effect of control of second brood will soon be apparent. (Wkly. Rpt. 
Fr. Grs.). UTAH - Some damage in Washington County. (Knowlton). COLORADO - 
Second brood expected week of July 8 in Garfield County. (Exp. Sta.). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - ILLINOIS - Apparently no 
threat of economic damage developing in Carbondale area, although moths are 
still present in orchards. Threat may exist where late first brood was 
numerous. (Meyer). VIRGINIA - Generally prevalent on water sprouts in some 
northern apple orchards but no commercial damage to July 11 but potential for 
damage is present. (Hough). MICHIGAN - Second brood hatching at Coloma and 
Sodus, July 8. (Hutson). PENNSYLVANIA - Moths, eggs and newly-hatched larvae 
on apple in south central area. (Pepper). 


A FLEA BEETLE (Altica sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating young apple trees at 
Hillsboro, Sierra County, and in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - COLORADO - Noticeably heavy populations in areas of 
Delta County. Control not very successful. (Exp. Sta.). MICHIGAN - Building 
up at Sodus and Coloma. (Hutson). VIRGINIA - Prevalent on tender terminals 


632 


and water sprouts in few apple orchards in northern area but no damage to 
July 11. (Hough). PENNSYLVANIA - In large numbers on watersprouts of apple in 
south central area. (Pepper). NEW JERSEY - Few present. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MINNESOTA - Flies emerged at Preston and 
LaCrescent, July 4 and in Twin City area, July 8. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - 
First flies in cage July 4, in traps July 5. (Cutright). 


LESSER APPLEWORM (Grapholitha prunivora) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on peach in 
Escondido area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GA.- Mid-season varieties of peaches now 
moving, as well as late varieties. May be subjected to second-brood larvae. 

No complaints of curculio damage to early varieties. (Snapp). ILLINOIS - 
Weather very favorable for second-orood development at Carbondale. (Meyer). 
WISCONSIN - Adults, eggs and larvae light to moderate in apple and cherry 
orchards, Door County, week ending June 28. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MICHIGAN - 

Few adults attacking fruit. (Hutson). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Second generation heavy on 
pecans in Dewitt, Gonzales, Guadalupe and Caldwell Counties. (Garner). 


A WASP MOTH (Lymire edwardsii) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged hundreds per fig 
tree of 20 checked at Homstead, Dade County. Host plants occasionally 
completely defoliated. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - IDAHO - Infesting 
backyard cherry trees in Nampa. This is first record of the species in Canyon 
County. Of 3 trees examined, 25-30 percent of cherries had larvae. (Scott, 
Bechtolt, Hart). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Reported from almost all areas 

of State. Infestation much heavier on fruit than at same season in 1957. 
(Pearson, Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Light, scattered infestations on fruit in some 
South central and eastern counties. (Coppock). 


GRAPE ROOTWORM (Fidia viticida) - ALABAMA - First adult of year collected in 
Butler County, week ending July 5. (Grimes). 


SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - NEW MEXICO - Killing peach and cherry 
trees in De Baca County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SCALE INSECTS - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of Aonidiella citrina on orange 
trees in Orland, Glenn County. Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy on apples at San 
Francisco. Lecanium corni complex heavy on peach trees, Chico area of Butte 
County.. (CalpCoopmakptuor 


CITRUS WHITEFLY (Dialeurodes citri) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging citrus in Jackson 
County. (Colmer). 


Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, for First Week in July - 
FLORIDA = PURPLE SCALE activity increased and peak expected about mid-July. 
FLORIDA RED SCALE declined but sharp increase expected during mid-July. 
CITRUS RUST MITE increased and expected to increase through July. MEALYBUG 
infestations on increase. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). 


GRAPE FLEA BEETLE (Altica chalybea) - TENNESSEE - Outbreak in Sevier and Cocke 
Counties. (Mullett). 


633 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Curly top loss of tomato 

plants continues to mount throughout State. Insect extremely numerous on 
several truck crops. (Knowlton). IDAHO - In extremely large numbers, mostly 

in nymphal stage, in sugar beet fields near western edge of Twin Falls irrigated 
tract. Estimates of nymphs from 50-150 per square foot. Incidence of curly 
top in sugar beets throughout much of south central and southeastern areas far 
above normal. (T.F.F.S., Fenwick). Control now completed on 3,300 acres of 
leafhopper breeding areas in eastern Idaho. (Evans). The incidence of curly 
top on sugar beets and tomatoes is highest reported from Franklin County in the 
last 10 years. (Roberts). COLORADO - Curly top and leafhoppers in western and 
eastern areas. In Mesa County some gardens and commercial plantings of 
tomatoes with 100 percent infection. Leafhoppers 50-100 per 100 sweeps in 
Garfield County, 100-200 in Mesa County and numerous in Montrose County. 
Incidence of curly top less than 5 percent along foothills in Larimer and 
Boulder Counties. (Exp. Sta.). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - MINNESOTA - Heavy moth populations in 
beet fields in northwest district. Some larval control in west Polk County. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Very light in Scotts Bluff, Morrill and 
Keith Counties. Counts average 12 larvae per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). 
WYOMING - No larvae reported or observed in Laramie, Goshen, Niobrara or 
Platte Counties. Very few adults; this is in contrast to situation end of 
June. (Davison). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cocKerelli) - UTAH - Occasional ones taken on 
potatoes, Davis County. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Populations in Cheyenne area 
increased markedly. Average of 55 psyllids per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine. 
Population decreased in Pine Bluffs area, with average of 10 per 50 sweeps on 
same host. Average of 4 per 100 sweeps on early potatoes in Goshen County. 
(Davison). The fifth potato psyllid survey was conducted week of July 7. 

Low populations indicated throughout area. Scottsbluff, NEBRASKA, area 
averaged 25.4 psyllids per 100 sweeps. Green River, WYOMING, averaged 0.4 
and Laramie 4.08. Ault-Greeley, COLORADO, area averaged 29.7 and Pueblo- 

La Junta 10.5. West of the mountains at Grand Junction only a trace and 
Provo-Logan area averaged 1.64. Cool temperature and continued rains throughout 
the region probably account for reduced populations. (PPC). 


POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - MINNESOTA - Some spraying in Red 
River Valley. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). DELAWARE —- Moderate damage to potatoes in 
New Castle and central Kent Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - INDIANA - Populations on beans and potatoes 
low. (Gould). DELAWARE - Prevalent on potatoes in New Castle County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). MARYLAND - Increasing on beans in most sections. Control may be 
needed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging tomatoes in Luna and Lea 
Counties. Also problem in home gardens throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
VIRGINIA - Light on tomatoes in scattered fields of Northumberland County. 
Control by airplane spraying some areas. (Saville). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Light damage to tomatoes in 
central and northern areas. (Grimes). DELAWARE - Moderate damage to tomato 
fruit in Sussex County and light feeding on foliage in Kent County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Adults common in potato 
fields in New Castle and Kent Counties. Bird predators active on borer-infested 
potato stalks. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Larvae beginning to show up in 
peppers in Worcester County. Growers concerned. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


634 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - UTAH - Damage increasing in Salt 
Lake, Weber, Cache and Box Elder Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Adults 

low in 4 counties. Not as serious to July 8 as in 1957. (Exp. Sta.). WYOMING - 
Averaged 4 per 50 sweeps in Goshen County. (Davison). NEBRASKA - Light in 

some fields of beans in Scotts Bluff and Morrill Counties. Counts average 

5 adults and larvae per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). ALABAMA - Moderate on beans 

in Cherokee County. (Grimes). DELAWARE - Heavy damage to beans in Sussex 
County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Heavy damage to unprotected snap beans 
in Anne Arundel County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of field 
peas in DeKalb and Cherokee Counties. Up to one-half of the foliage destroyed 
on some plants. (Grimes). TEXAS - Heavy on beans in Tyler County. (Hawkins). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Common on lima beans in 
Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WISCONSIN - Counts in peas mostly low but some 
scattered fields with higher populations probably will need treatment. Marked 
drop in aphid céOunts appears to be due to disease. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - 
Generally scarce in peas and alfalfa in 7 counties. (Knowlton). 


HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - NEW MEXICO - Considerable damage to 
cabbage in Lea County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Damaging number on 
cabbage, kohlrabi and horseradish from Genoa, Lincoln County. (Exp. Sta.). 


CABBAGEWORMS - VIRGINIA - Trichoplusia ni and Pieris rapae on increase on 


cabbage and cole crops in eastern area. (Hofmaster). IOWA - Cabbage loopers 
abundant. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). MARYLAND - P. rapae severe on untreated crucifers 


in central counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


STINK BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Severely damaged cabbage in Lea County. (N. M. 
Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Chlorochroa ligata medium on peas in Dimmit and Frio 
Counties. (Harding). Stink bug, species unknown, heavy on peas, melons and 
tomatoes in Anderson and Jefferson Counties and infesting beans in Tyler 
County. (Hawkins). 


FLEA BEETLES (Phyllotreta spp.) - MARYLAND - Heavy on crucifers in western 
Baltimore County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Adult taken in light trap 
at Faison. (Farrier). 


BLISTER BEETLES - ALABAMA - Epicauta sp. moderate on Pimiento peppers in 
Chambers County. A large number of plants damaged. (Grimes). NEW MEXICO - 
Damaging vegetable crops at Lovington, Lea County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CUTWORMS - OREGON - Abundant on truck crops, gardens and flower beds in 
Willamette Valley. Predominantly Peridroma margaritosa and Agrotis ypsilon. 
(Crowell, Every, July 3). VIRGINIA - A. ypsilon and P. margaritosa damaging 
newly-planted peppers and sweetpotatoes, at Painter, Accomack County. 
(Hofmaster). 


ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - UTAH - Damage becoming common in central and 
northern areas. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Ranging 20-30 per plant in Montrose 
County. Some infestation appearing. (Exp. Sta.). 


A LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - INDIANA - Small numbers on peppermint and 
Spearmint in northern area. Control necessary some cases. Many larvae killed 
by a virus. (Gould). 


635 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Very common on asparagus 

ferns in Kent and New Castle Counties. Common cucumbers, peppers and lima 
beans in central Sussex County though no damage apparent. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
WEST VIRGINIA - Damaging ripe raspberries and foliage of grape, Randolph County. 
WAnVianoinssEsux.)> 


Lepidopterous Larvae in Sweetpotatoes in Louisiana - Some fields in St. Landry 
Parish heavily infested with Loxostege Similalis, Laphygma frugiperda and 
Prodenia ornithogalli. All of the above-ground portions of plant destroyed in 
some fields. (Spink). 


ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - IDAHO - Light damage generally to mint 
fields in northern Kootenai Valley area of Boundary County. (Gittins). 


ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Larvae quite prevalent on 
asparagus ferns in central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - MINNESOTA - Higher incidence of 
mites on strawberries Since 1955 on university plots. Considerable plant 
injury and nubbin production. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


APHIDS - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestations of Amphorophora rubi on Rubus sp. in 
York, Lancaster and Adams Counties. (Negley). MAINE - Increased on untreated 
potatoes at Aroostook Farm. Aphis abbreviata predominates. (Shands). 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Increased on top leaves of 
tobacco in several counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Light to 
medium on tobacco in some fields, Pittsylvania County. Generally spotted 
through most fields. (Dominick). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate on tobacco in 
Prince Georges and St. Marys Counties. No heavy infestations seen to July 14. 
QUES Mde ern tsa Dept.) 


TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - Injury to lower leaves 
noticeable on most tobacco. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - LOUISIANA - Five fields Tensas Parish ranged 
2-25 percent infested averaged 11 percent. One field Franklin Parish averaged 
6 percent infestation. (Spink). Seventy-one fields in Madison Parish checked 
by Tallulah station personnel showed 58 to be infested. Forty-five had been 
treated and had an average infestation of 2 percent, 26 untreated had an 
average infestation of 9 percent. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Light emergence 
first-generation weevils in early cotton southwest area. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
ALABAMA - Infestations in northeast much less than for same period last year. 
Spot checks in 6 northeast counties ranged from 0 to 40 percent infestations. 
(Grimes). NORTH CAROLINA - Remains light. First-generation emergence expected 
to be well underway by July 18. (Cott. News Lett.). TENNESSEE - Forty of 84 
fields examined in west Tennessee found infested. Average infestation 4 
percent, compared with 18 percent same period last season. First-generation 
emergence expected by July 18. Some treatment underway in infested fields. 
(Locke). MISSISSIPPI - First-generation hatch continues light in delta 
counties. Infestation range 0-7 percent in fields examined. (Merkl et al.). 


636 


SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestation climbed slightly during week. First-generation 
emergence underway. Fifty treated fields Darlington area had less than 

one percent infestation. Most fields under 3 but two examined with 8 percent 
infestation. (Cott. Lett. and Fye et al.). OKLAHOMA - Very light square 
infestations in Bryan, Johnston, and Marshall Counties. Up to 3 percent 
infestation. (Coppock). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ARKANSAS - Moths emerging in numbers, some 
fields eggs counts have taken a sharp rise. Beneficial insects doing excellent 
job of destroying eggs and larvae. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - 

Infestations ranged from light to heavy in northeast area, however majority of 
counties had light infestations. (Grimes). NORTH CAROLINA - Severe damage to 
a few fields in lower southeast area. (Cott. News Lett.). MISSISSIPPI - 

Light egg deposition on cotton in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). SOUTH 
CAROLINA - Eggs and small larvae numerous in many fields. (Cott. Lett.). 
LOUISIANA - Sixty-seven of 71 fields examined in Madison Parish were found 
infested with average square infestation of -5 percent. Terminals examined 

in 30 fields and an average of 10.77 eggs and 2.93 larvae per 100 terminals 
found. (Smith et al.). NEW MEXICO - H. zea beginning to feed on cotton 
terminals in Eddy and Lea Counties. Eggs light to moderate most areas. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Moderately heavy 
infestation found in limited area Of Southwestern Maricopa County. This 
is the first pink bollworm found in Maricopa County since 1947. (Mendenhall). 


SPIDER MITES - ARKANSAS —- Populations continue to increase, controls may be 
needed some spots (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Causing trouble in localized 
northern areas. Damaging cotton in Randolph County. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - 
Infestations spotted in delta area, treatments required in three fields 
inspected. (Merkl et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Becoming established in some 
fields of Coastal Plain and Piedmont areas. (Cott. Lett.) 


LYGUS BUGS - ARIZONA - Building up in cotton in Pinal County. Fifteen 

thousand acres treated. (Mendenhall). TENNESSEE - Numbers increasing and 
causing considerable shedding of squares. Controls needed in many fields. 
(Locke). MISSISSIPPI - Lygus lineolaris generally lighter than last week 

but controls still needed some delta fields. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - 

L. lineolaris still abundant in untreated Madison Parish fields. (Smith et al.). 
NEW MEXICO — Major problem in many fields of Dona Ana, Luna, Chaves, Lea and 
Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARIZONA - Two found on cotton in Deer 
Valley. (Bottger et al.). ARKANSAS - Found in Lonoke County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Larvae generally light in 
most areas, eggs very numerous in several fields in Roosevelt County. 
(Noe M, MCoopa Rpt.) 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - TENNESSEE - One stalk of cotton 
found to be infested in McNairy County. (Locke). 


COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Building up on 
cotton in Pinal County. (Mendenhall). 


FLEAHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Building up in Pinal County. (Mendenhall). ALABAMA - 
Psallus seriatus causing light damage in northeast area. (Grimes). 

SOUTH CAROLINA - Continue to cause damage to untreated cotton in Piedmont 
Counties. (Cott. Lett.). NEW MEXICO —- Light to moderate infestations found 
most areaS, causing some shedding of squares and bolis. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


637 


A LEAF BEETLE (Colaspis sp.) - MISSISSIPPI - Feeding on cotton in DeSota 
County July 10. (Hutchins). 


Cotton Insect Situation, Texas - THRIPS light in all areas reporting activity. 
FLEAHOPPERS light to heavy, heaviest in central, north central and northeast 
areas. BOLLWORMS increased egg deposition in most areas of the State. 

BOLL WEEVILS still a problem in northeast, east, central, south central, upper 
coastal and coastal bend areas. GRASSHOPPERS heavy in northwest and north 
central areas. Other pests reported doing some damage were false chinch 
bugs, iygus bugs, spider mites, leafworms, cabbage loopers, Square borers 

and pink bollworms. (Gaines). 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


DELAWARE - Small larvae of CORN EARWORM on soybeans in some fields in New 

Castle and Sussex Counties. Very common in field corn, Sussex County. 
GRASSHOPPERS, primarily Melanoplus femur-rubrum and Dissosteira carolina, 

very common on soybeans, Southwestern Sussex County. SOUTHERN CORNSTALK 

BORER in field corn in southeastern Sussex County and CORN LEAF APHID 

starting small colonies in whorls in central part of county. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


NEW MEXICO - GRASSHOPPERS heavy on alfalfa in some areas of Curry, Roosevelt 
and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


MASSACHUSETTS - First-brood EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg-laying and hatching 
complete. No CORN EARWORM found as yet, but small numbers expected in early 
and mid-season corn in southern Connecticut Valley and southeastern area of 
State. (Wheeler). 


KANSAS - GRASSHOPPERS - Counts ranged 20-36 per square yard in Morton County, 
with Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum dominant. Total of 88,000 acres of 
government rangeland being Sprayed, about 20 percent completed. (Plant Pest 
Cont.). About 10 specimens of Dissosteira longipennis from range in northwest 
Morton County. These have not been reported from Kansas for several years. 

In south central area counts ranged 12-36 per square yard. Melanoplus 
bivittatus and M. differentialis dominant crop species. Stripping corn and 
alfalfa locally along field margins, central and south central areas. SPOTTED 
ALFALFA APHID in low numbers in few alfalfa fields, Sedgwick County. None 
found in other counties to west. (Matthew). 


NEBRASKA - ALFALFA WEEVIL larvae causing light damage to alfalfa in Scotts 
Bluff, Banner, Morrill and Cheyenne Counties. Larval counts average 80 per 

100 sweeps and adults 8 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - 
Few found in the McCook, Red Willow County area. First report of this pest for 
this year. (Hill). PEA APHID - Declined. Averaged 400 per 100 sweeps in the 
east central Platte Valley. In the panhandle, averaged 196 per 100 sweeps. 
(Andersen). 


OREGON - GREEN PEACH APHID adults and nymphs abundant enough to warrant control 
in certified seed potato acreages over most of Klamath County during late June 
and early July. (Schuh, Vertrees). CICADAS, (unidentified species), very 
abundant and damaging branches by ovipostion punctures in Wasco County in early 
July. (Hammond). WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE, high populations on a variety 
of crops and flowers in the Willamette Valley. Damage to beans especially 
noticeable. (Capizzi). BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) building up on beans in the 
Willamette Valley, July 9. (Morrison). EUROPEAN RED MITE populations building 
up on apples in the vicinity of Corvallis in early July. POWDER-POST BEETLES 
(unidentified) causing unusual amount of damage in Clatsop County. (Every). 
APPLE MEALYBUG eggs hatched and nymphs on foliage in large numbers in filbert 
orchards near Gervais, July 11. (Jones). 


(Continued on page 642) 


638 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - INDIANA —- Found at South Bend, St. Joseph 
County, for new State record. (Schuder). WEST VIRGINIA - Caused moderate 
damage to birch in Preston County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ARKANSAS - Increased 
activity in central and southern counties during June. Heavy logging equipment 
appeared responsible for sharp upturn of beetle activity in one instance. 
Excessive moisture may also be responsible in other instances. (Ark. For. 
Pest Rpt.). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - DELAWARE - On persimmon and ash, southeastern 
Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). FLORIDA - Collected on persimmon in 
Putnam County, flowering dogwood in Alachua County. Webs frequently conspic-— 
uous in central part of State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). ARKANSAS - Heavy on elm, 
sweetgum, pecan, walnut and persimmon trees. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


IPS BEETLE (Ips spp.) - ARKANSAS —- Slight increase in activity during June , 
particularly in central and southern counties. Individual to very small 
groups of trees affected. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). 


LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - MARYLAND - Foliage injury to black 
locust noticeable in central and southern counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


OAK LACE BUG (Corythucha arcuata) - NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate on leaves of 
white oaks, AnSon County. (Barnes, Farrier). 


A PINE TIP MOTH - ARKANSAS - Second-brood adult emergence practically ended. 
Third-brood emergence expected July 8-10. Damage by second-brood larvae 
appears relatively light. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). 


POPLAR AND WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus lapathi) -— OREGON — Heavy in Benton 
County on willow, adults emerging July 3. (Capizzi). 


SAWFLIES - ARKANSAS - Small infestations of Neodiprion taedae linearis 
appeared in early June in Benton and Washington Counties. One short-—leaf 
pine planting in Benton County was treated with satisfactory results. (Ark. 
For. Pest Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Pristiphora erichsonii caused severe defoli- 
ation of Japanese larch for fifth season, Clinton County. (Drooz). TEXAS - 
Heavy defoliation of natural reproduction and planted loblolly and slash 
pines by Neodiprion lecontei recently reported from many eastern locations. 
Fairly heavy mortality of trees defoliated in 1957 noted in plantations. 
Several sprayed to prevent further spread and repeated defoliation. (So. For. 
Pest Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Heavy defoliation of pines recently reported in 
southwestern part of State. (So. For. Pest Rpt.). MICHIGAN —- N. lecontei 
hatching at Gaylord, Ostego, Cadillac and Ellsworth. (Hutson). 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Area survey 
indicates spot killing of pine in eastern quarter of Tyrrell County and north- 
eastern Hyde County. Spot vary from few trees to half an acre. (Green). 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MAINE - Approximately 300,000 
acres aerial sprayed in northeastern Aroostook County June 10-20. Balsam 

fir and spruce in this area had undergone 5-9 years light to severe defoli- 
ation. Egg-mass surveys in 1957 indicated heavy populations would be present 
in 1958. (Northeast For. Pest Rpt.). 


TWIG PRUNER (Elaphidion villosum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Caused considerable twig 
drop on a number of oaks in Juniata County, more noticeable along highways 
in Huntingdon County. (Udine). 


639 


WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - VIRGINIA - Heavily damaged about 100 
white pines in Roanoke. (Evans, Morris). 


ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - INDIANA —- Final instar at 
LaPorte. Infestation as high as 35 percent in untreated areas of Scotch pine. 
(Schuder) . 


ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - WEST VIRGINIA - Moderate on 
chrysanthemum, Kanawha County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - RHODE ISLAND - First specimens seen on 
sassafras at Kingston July I. Adults at Cranston. (Kerr, Howard, Mathewson) . 
PENNSYLVANIA - First specimens observed in York and Perry Counties. (Negley). 
Adults fairly common in south central area (Pepper) and common in southwest- 
ern area, but appears less so than in 1957. (Udine). MARYLAND - Caused 
considerable concern in suburban areas, feeding on roses and other ornamentals. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA — Continued to feed upon many ornamentals, 
garden and field crops, fruit trees and wild host plants in various parts of 
State. Reports received from Norfolk, Roanoke, Henry, Montgomery and 
Dinwiddie Counties. Light infestation present along northern end of Blue 
Ridge Parkway. (Morris, et al.). INDIANA - Scarce to July 12 in Newton 
County. In area heavily infested in 1957 none seen on soybeans, only one on 
smartweed. Only 29 collected in 4 traps near the 1957 heavily infested field 
in 7 days. First beetle found July 2, week later than in 1957. (Gould). 


ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Caused moderate in- 
jury to sassafras, rose, peach and blackberry, Randolph and Preston counties. 
(W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous local 
reports of injury to juniper in Wake, Chatham and Halifax Counties. (Farrier, 
Jones). MISSOURI - Becoming increasingly troublesome in northwest section. 
(Kyd, Thomas). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) — MISSOURI - Moderate to heavy 
leaf feeding by second—generation larvae over wide area of southern half of 
State. (Kyd, Thomas). VIRGINIA - Damaged foliage of some elms in Norfolk 
County (Thomas) and in Amelia County (Rowell, Holmes). OREGON - Damage gen- 
erally abundant throughout State. Damage to foliage appeared about 2 weeks 
earlier than for past several seasons. (Capizzi). 


LEAFHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO —- Severely damaged elm foliage, dahlias and peonies 
at Lovington, Lea County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - DELAWARE - Feeding conspicuous on mimosa 
and honeylocust Statewide. (WacCreary, Conrad). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus muitistriatus) - WISCONSIN - Dutch 
elm disease increased to a total of 369 trees, located in 8 southeastern 
counties, including Jefferson County which had no cases until July 2. (Wis. 
Coop. Sur.). INDIANA - Caused elm twigs to drop and is annoying in homes 
throughout State. (Lehker). 


PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) - IDAHO — Newly emerged adults extremely abun- 
dant in most areas of northern counties. Canadian thistle shows various degrees 
of defoliation in most areas. Larvae caused general light injury to ornamental 
gardens. (Gittins). CALIFORNIA - Light on Canadian thistle in Pepperwood, 
Humboldt County. No longer bothersome in other areas of State. (Cal. Coop. 
Rpt.). 


640 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES — IDAHO - Extremely abundant in Kootendi River Valley of Boundary 
County. Serious annoyance to people and domestic animals in the area. 
(Gittins). NEVADA - Heavy populations of adult Aedes spp. in Smoky Valley, 
Nye County. (Parker, July 4). UTAH - Annoying in many local areas of Box 
Elder, Cache and Millard Counties. (Knowlton). MINNESOTA —- Heavy hatch of 
Aedes vexans on July 9 and 10. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Major problem in 
most of State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - NEVADA - Heavy populations in northern Nye 
County. (Gallaway, July 4. NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy on cattle in 
Harding and Union Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Generally trouble- 
some throughout Washington and Kane Counties. (Knowlton). ALABAMA — Popula-= 
tions decreased to some extent on cattle in Wilcox County. (Hays). 


FLIES - WISCONSIN - In a total of 181 barns checked in 13 counties for week 
of July 4, flies numerous in over half of 64 barns. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - 
House flies seriously annoying in some parts of Kane, Emery and Washington 


Counties. (Knowlton). NORTH CAROLINA -— Tabanus sp. causing concern in 
Graham County. (Wood, Farrier). 


CORRECTIONS 
CEIR 8(28) : 611 = Under white-fringed beetles change Grapholitha spp. to 
Graphognathus spp. 


CEIR 8(28) : 622 - Labels under male and female should be reversed. 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis 
unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quing. zea vires. 
ARKANSAS 
Atkins 6/26-7/9 4 2 2 42 
Fayetteville 6/26-7/9 ae 58 49 58 
Hope 6/26-7/2 2 
Kelso 6/26-7/9 8 5 4 
Morrilton 6/26-7/9 i 36 12 
Stuttgart 6/26-7/9 2 7 3 8 
COLORADO 
Rocky Ford 6/22 642 
FLORIDA 
Gainesville 7/7 3 
Quincy 7/7 17 5 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 7/3-10 3489 7 4 230 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 6/21-7/8 1732 138 16 133 37 31 5 


Tippecanoe 6/24-7/9 1117 2s 26 122 1 1 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued 


Pseud. Agrot. 


unip. yps. 

LOUISIANA 

Baton Rouge 7/4-10 it 2 

Franklin 7/2 1 

Shreveport 7/7 3 4 
MAINE 

Monmouth 7/6-12 36 

Orono 7/6-12 3 

Presque Isle 7/6-12 2 
MISSISSIPPI 

Grenada 6/30-7/5 iL 2 

Senatobia 6/26-7/3 i 2 

xState College 7/5211 ) 72 54 

*Stoneville 7/4-10 68 243 
NEBRASKA 

Alliance 6/18-7/1 1530 48 

Kearney 6/9-7/2 699 25 

Lincoln 6/15-7/3 5811 2113 

North Platte 6/13-7/3 15,589 457 

Scotts Bluff 6/10-7/7 674 58 
NORTH CAROLINA 

Clayton 7/10 2 

Faison 7/10 nt 
SOUTH CAROLINA 

Charleston 6/30-7/6 ak 

Clemson 7/5-11 12 3 

Florence 7/6-12 atisyE 4 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Blount 6/24-7/7 261 76 

Cumberland 128 59 

Greene 676 78 

Johnson 556 249 

Madison 130 28 

Maury 156 8 

Robertson 171 14 
TEXAS 

Brownsville 6/30-7/3 al 8 


641 


Perid. Protoparce 


marg. sexta quing. 
1 
aL 
1 
1 2 
9 4 2 
205 
186 6 13 
211 
2016 alal 62 
283 2 
9 
6 10 
16 
8 4 7 
16 46 11 
110 7 15 
123 5 7 
186 2 8 
375 
100 a 12 
35 al 
44 aL 
8 


*Two traps — State College; 4 traps - Stoneville. 


Heliothis 
zea vires. 


ial 
1 
27 


642 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


NEW YORK - Two RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER moths in traps, July 11, Rockland County, 
are first of second brood. CHERRY MAGGOT adults abundant week of July 4 when 
peak was reached in Columbia County. In same county TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE 
building up. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE in cucurbit fields and population par- 
ticularly large in upstate New York, caused substantial feeding injury. 

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE larvae found in Ithaca area. Adult population heavier 
than in 1957 in Monroe County. At Poughkeepsie first JAPANESE BEETLE trapped 
July 7 and some on corn at Hurley same day. Emergence seems generally late 
and light. BIRCH LEAF MINER actively feeding. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


- 


re 
all da 
gues as 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 July 25, 1958 Number 30 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS hatching in economic numbers in central Wisconsin, fewer 
generally than in 1957 in Montana. Heavy in panhandle counties of Nebraska, 
migrating from field margins. Migrating from rangelands to cultivated crops 
in California, being heavy in some areas. (p. 645). Control of MORMON 
CRICKET effective in Utah. (p. 645). 

EUROPEAN CORN BORER damaged corn in all parts of Virginia, pupating in central 
Kentucky. Populations in southwestern Wisconsin higher than earlier egg 
mass counts indicated. (p. 646). Egg counts high in Alabama. (p. 661). 
Damage by CORN EARWORM for 1958 in Alabama worse than in past several years. 
Counts high in Louisiana, damage severe throughout New Mexico and serious in 
areas of Utah. (p. 647). 

ARMYWORM moth catch high at North Platte, Nebraska. (p. 648). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increased rapidly in western and southwestern 
Oklahoma. Counts highest for over a year. (p. 650). 


BOLLWORMS continue number one pest of cotton in South Carolina. (p. 656). 
SPRUCE BUD SCALE reported for tirst time in California. (p. 658). 
ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 661). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 663). 


Fe ee te ot oe ate ae of ae ac ae ake ak ie ae fe 2 ake cc a 2 fc ik ae 2k 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 18, unless otherwise 
designated. 


644 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 21 


Cool Canadian air moved into the Great Plains as far south as Kansas at the 
beginning of the period, and by midweek covered the entire northern half of 

the Nation east of the Rockies. As the cool Canadian air continued to flow 
into areas north of the front which extended from Kansas to Virginia, 
temperatures remained well below normal, averaging as much as 12° below normal 
for the week at Dubuque, Iowa. Scattered frost occurred in the northern and 
central lowlands of Wisconsin, with a low of 35° recorded at Danbury on the 16th. 
Beneficial rains fell in the north central Interior at the beginning of the 
week, and maintained adequate moisture for crops in most areas. However, 
topsoil moisture is still short in northeastern Montana and more rain is still 
needed in the eastern third of South Dakota. In southern areas, that is, 

south of the frontal zone extending from Kansas to Virginia, typical summertime 
weather prevailed. Afternoon temperatures generally rose into the 90's and 
moderate to heavy local thundershowers furnished adequate to abundant moisture 
except in some sections of the lower Great Plains where heat, drying winds, 

and growing plants depleted soil moisture at a rapid rate. Rain is needed in 
the southern plains and parts of the upper coast of Texas, and in all of 

New Mexico except in eastern portions. Unusually heavy and frequent rainfall 
occurred along the frontal zone from Kansas eastward to the Appalachians. 
Weekly totals ranged up to 7 or 8 inches in Missouri and eastern Kansas, and 

3 to 5 inches in the Ohio Valley. Many streams from Kansas to southern 

Indiana are overflowing, including the Missouri River from Kansas City downstream 
and the mighty Mississippi at points between St. Louis, Missouri, and the 

mouth of the Ohio. 


West of the Continental Divide continued dry weather maintained a high fire 
harard in the Pacific Northwest, and lightning set numerous range and forest 
fires in Oregon and Idaho. In southern desert areas the heat wave of the 
previous week gradually moderated with temperatures near normal by the 19th 
and below normal by the 21st when a low of 31° and light frost were reported 
in the Maverick area of Arizona. Summer rains have begun in southeastern 
Arizona, and ranges in that area are in good condition but they need rain in 
the north central and western portions of the State. Temperatures west of the 
Divide remained below normal most of the time in the Great Basin, with daytime 
temperatures in the 80's and averages 9° below normal for the week at Elko and 
Ely, Nevada. The week was relatively warm, however, in extreme southern areas, 
along the Pacific coast and in Washington. Mixima in eastern Washington at 
midweek ranged from 95° to 105°. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


645 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - MINNESOTA - Low in southeastern district, usually less than one 
per square yard. Up to 30 per square yard in Faribault and Waseca Counties 
and westward, with 15 per square yard quite common. Quite low in Rock and 
Pipestone Counties. Infestations very. spotty. Melanoplus femur-rubrum 
predominant species in southern counties, in first to third instars. Still 
some hatching. Populations very variable in west central and northwestern 
districts, 1-27 per square yard in west central, very low in northwest. 

(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Hatching in economic numbers in lighter soils 
of central section. Up to 50 M. femur-rubrum nymphs per square yard in 
Waushara, Waupaca, Marquette and Adams Counties, in Surveyed fields with sparce 
growth where soil temperatures have been high. Averaged 15 per square yard in 
fields of normal plant growth density. Ranged from first to third instars. 
Numbers not as high in light soil areas of Green, Rock, Iowa, Richland, Sauk, 
Columbia, Green Lake and Winnebago Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - 
Spotty in some areas of north central region, up to 15 nymphs per square yard 
in alfalfa, 40.per square yard in field margins. M. femur-rubrum dominant 
species. (Hantsbarger). MONTANA - Appear to be fewer, generally, than in 

1957. Scattered infestations in Lake, Sanders, Stillwater, Lewis and Clark, 
Cascade, Phillips, Blaine and Yellowstone Counties and scattered areas of 
northeastern part of State. (Roemhild). To July 21, total of 97,562 acres 
treated under cooperative control program. (PPC). NEBRASKA - M. bilituratus 
heavy in panhandle counties. Only adults in many areas, indicating migrations 
have occurred. Third to fourth instar nymphs in some fields, up to 40 per 
Square yard in margins. Light to moderate in wheat. M. bivittatus dominant in 
south central section, 80 percent adults. Migrations from field margins into 
corn general, damage to crops evident. Ranged 10-50 per square yard. lLate- 
instar nymphs and adults of M. differentialis in central Séction ranged 5-40 
per square yard, most in field margins. (Roselle, Andersen). Thirty thousand 
acres treated under cooperative control program to July 21. (PPC). ILLINOIS - 
Still light, concentrated in field margins, fencerows and ditch banks. 
Occasional infestations in forage crop fields. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - 
Averaged 4-12 per square yard generally in west central and southwestern 

range areas, somewhat lighter in central area. Averaged 6-20 per square yard 
in roadsides and margins in former areas. Light to medium damage to margins 

of cotton, sorghum, corn, legumes and peanuts, often severe to gardens. 
Second-generation Melanoplus spp. (first and second instars) in several 
southwestern alfalfa fields. (Coppock). As of July 21 total of 278,583 acres of 
roadsides, rangeland and idle lands treated under cooperative control program. 
(PPC). UTAH - Injuriously abundant in Mills-Leamington areas of Juab and 
Millard Counties. Grain and range largely involved. Damaged alfalfa in many 
Juab County fields. (Knowlton). LOUISIANA - Several species heavily infested 
pastures in northern parishes. Some treatment applied in Ouachita Parish. 
(Spink). CALIFORNIA - M. devastator migrating from rangelands into cultivated 
crops and into houses where they are damaging household goods, Amador County. 
Mountain populations up to 70-100 per square yard. Hesperotettix sp. medium in 
the Coalinga area, Fresno County. M. bilituratus light on rangeland in 
Barstow area of San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Control bating covered 24,138 acres 

in Dry Mesa and Deer Flat areas of San Juan County. Control practically 

100 percent effective. Excellent control obtained on 1,220 acres baited in 
Forshea Mountains, Piute County. Developed light in Government Creek area, 
Tooele County. Bait to be applied in Jackson Draw, Uintah County. Small 
infestations southwest of Manila, Dagget County; at Alton, Kane County; and 
near Enterprise, Washington County. Band discovered in Dagget County, involving 
1500 acres south of Dutch John City. (Knowlton, Thornley). 


646 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MASSACHUSETTS - Egg laying and 
hatching of first brood over. Larvae working in tassels, stalks and ears of 
early plantings. Egg laying for second brood expected by August 1. (Crop 

Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW JERSEY - Apparent damage increased, however, no 
pupation observed and second-brood moths not yet noticeable. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 
PENNSYLVANIA - Feeding injury appearing on whorls of field corn in south 
central part of State. Few larvae ready to pupate. (Pepper). DELAWARE - 
Second-generation eggs on field corn throughout State. Most common on pre- 
tasseling field corn adjacent to infested potatoes in western Kent County. 
Larvae on sweet corn, New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - 
First generation caused moderate to heavy damage to early sweet and field 
corn. Second-generation eggs on field corn, Worcester County. Averaged 

75 egg masses per 100 plants in one large corn field near potatoes at Pocomoke, 
Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaged corn in all parts 
of State, quite severe in many cases. (Morris). Damaged practically 100 
percent of sweet corn plants at Painter, Accomack County and approximately 

50 percent of ears. Light trap catches continued very heavy. (Hofmaster) . 
KENTUCKY - Pupating in central part of State. Control required on market 
sweet corn and some field corn, ,(Rodriguez). ILLINOIS - In east St. Louis 
bottomland emergence is 50 percent, with total of 90 percent pupation. 
Averaged 0-10 egg masses per 100 stalks. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Light at 
Elyria, Lorain County, and Milan, Erie County. Oviposition nearly complete at 
Wooster, Wayne County, with some early fifth-instar larvae present. (Triplehorn). 
IOWA - With continued cool weather and only 8 percent of larvae in northeast 
section full grown, or nearly so, it appears there will be no second brood. 
There will be a light second brood in northwestern and southwestern sections 
of the State. Greatest second-brood potential is in central and western areas 
of the State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ARKANSAS - Few first-generation larvae in 
central and northeastern fields checked. Moths 30-40 percent emerged, eggs 
being laid. Fresh feeding signs evident in very few fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
WISCONSIN - Examination of early field corn in 6 southwestern counties showed 
populations to be higher than earlier egg mass counts indicated. Leaf feeding 
on 28 percent of plants in several fields. Few unhatched egg masses noted. 
Approximately 10 percent of larvae in fourth instar in Sauk County, remainder 
in second and third instars. Majority of egg masses in white head stage in 
Brown County, with 16 egg masses per 100 plants. Feeding by first instar in 
Washington and Fond du Lac Counties. Two hundred acres of canning sweet corn 
treated in Hancock-Plainfield area, Waushara County. (Wis. Coop. Rpt.). 


MINNESOTA - Infestation is 34 percent in southwest district, 21 in south central, 
16 in west central and 26 percent in central district. Populations appeared 
much lighter than expected. Weather conditions have been unfavorable during 
much of egg laying and hatching period. It is unlikely that second generation 
could be serious threat this season. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey 
tn Cass and Richland Counties indicates first generation not likely to be a 
problem. Egg masses averaged 1-2 per plant on 10-20 percent of plants. 
Generally, most eggs still in clear stage. (Colberg). SOUTH DAKOTA - Egg 
masses averaged 7 per 100 plants, 17 percent of plants showed shothole injury, 
first to second-stage larvae averaged 71 per 100 plants in northeast region. 

Egg hatch near complete in north central region, 33 percent of plants with 
shothole injury, first to second-instar larvae averaged 172 per 100 plants. 

In central region, egg masses averaged one per 100 plants, 21 percent of plants 
showed shothole injury, first to third-instar larvae averaged 71 per 100 plants. 
(Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Infestations averaged 10-45 percent in early 

planted corn, Deuel County. Larvae in second to fourth instars. Ranged 5-70 
percent in Platte Valley, most larvae third to fifth instars. (Roselle). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Egg laying light but heavier than 
in past two weeks. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Entered newly developing 
ears of sweet corn, Sussex County. One small field had nearly 100 percent of 
ears infested. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Damaged corn in Appomatox 


647 


County (Rowell, Smith) ; feeding on tassels, Floyd County (Morris, Talley). 
ALABAMA - Heavy on corn in central and southern sections. Damage in 1958 

has been worse than in past several years. Heavy on millet in Escambia 
County, with 20 acres almost completely destroyed before control was applied. 
(Grimes). LOUISIANA - Continued high throughout State. (Spink). TEXAS - 
Averaged 25 larvae per grain sorghum head, Burleson County. (Randolph). 
OKLAHOMA - Averaged 8.6 larvae per ear on field corn at Stillwater. Silks 
have just wilted. (Walton). NEW MEXICO - Eggs and larvae abundnat on corn. 
Damage severe throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Serious in early 
sweet corn, Utah and Washington Counties. (Knowlton). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MARYLAND - First of season noted in 
tassels of field corn at Pocomoke City, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
DELAWARE - Colonies increased on field corn, central Sussex County. Alate 
forms on field corn, Kent County, and on sweet corn, New Castle County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). KENTUCKY - Attacked field and sweet corn in various 
parts of State. Controls applied to market sweet corn. (Rodriguez). 

NEBRASKA - Generally moderate to heavy in corn and sorghum in central and 
eastern parts of State. (Roselle). OKLAHOMA - Light in whorls of sorghum 

in southwestern counties. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghum, Kaufman 
County. (Hawkins). IOWA - In corn in all parts of State. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 
UTAH - Caused serious damage to spring barley in many Millard County fields 
and in some localities of several other counties. (Knowlton). 


CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - COLORADO - Caused severe crown and root 
damage to corn, Logan and Larimer Counties. (Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). 
NEBRASKA - Caused moderate to severe damage in southeast and south central 
areas of State. (Roselle). IOWA - D. undecimpunctata howardi half to full 
grown in Washington County. D. longicornis larvae two-thirds to full grown. 
No adults have been reported. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 


A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghum in Hill 
County. (Morgan). 


FLEA BEETLES - UTAH - Damaged corn at Mendon and Logan, Cache County. 
(Knowlton). ILLINOIS - Chaetoncnema pulicaria averaged 0-4 per plant in 
East St. Louis area. Stewart's disease appearing in late sweet corn. 
(Ill. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Active on young milo maize, some damage in 
Kaufman County. (Hawkins). 


A GRASS MITE (Oligonychus stickneyi) - NEW MEXICO - Caused considerable 
damage to field corn. Severely damaged sweet corn, Dona Ana County. Heavy 
on Bermuda grass at Las Cruces. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Caused light 
damage to young milo maize in Kaufman County. (Hawkins). Damaged peanuts, 
Mason County. Terminals up to 100 percent infested, Houston and Anderson 
Counties. (Hawkins, Davis). 


SAP BEETLES - NEW JERSEY - Carpophilus dimidiatus first observed in any numbers 
in Burlington County, July 14. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - C. lugubris 
prevalent in silk of sweet corn throughout Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
MARYLAND - C. lugubris heavy in ears and tassels of early sweet and field 

corn in most sections. Some corn treated on Eastern Shore. Adults abundant 

in newly harvested wheat at Boyd, Montgomery County. Apparently came from 
moldy hay in barn. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Found in corn sampled. 
Larvae present in many fields. (Morris). ILLINOIS - Carpophilus spp. 

abundant on early sweet corn in East St. Louis area and southward, particularly 
in fields where corn earworm and European corn borer not controlled. (I11. 

Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Appearing in some sweet corn in Washington and Millard 
Counties. (Knowlton). 


648 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - LOUISIANA - Moderate on grain sorghum, 
Tensas and Franklin Parishes. (Spink). TEXAS - Averaged 5 larvae per head in 
grain sorghum, Burleson County. (Randolph) . 


SOUTHERN CRONSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate 
in whorls, tassels and stalks of field corn, Worcester and Somerset Counties. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Large percentage 
of second generation emerged, moths in most central and northeastern areas. 
Fggs not yet common. Very little feeding sign noted. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NEW JERSEY - Present in considerable 
numbers, but not threatening at this time. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MINNESOTA - 
Low populations in scattered fields in west central and northwest districts. 
Occasional fields with 2-3 larvae per square foot, usually in lodged barley. 
Rye appears to be only grain in which damage has been sustained. Also 
reported in rye from south central area. Practically all reports indicate 
very light infestations. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Limited observations 
revealed no infestations in small grain. Evidence in corn was of older larval 
feeding, principally in low, weedy fields. Fifty percent parasitism evident 
in remaining few nearly mature larvae. Principal parasites were Apanteles 
militaris and Winthemia quadripustulata and two unidentified species. High 
parasitism indicates new generation may not be destructive except for 
localized areas. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Light in barley and 

wheat over eastern part of State. Present in most fields, but few in numbers. 
Little or no leaf stripping observed. Damaged rye in some places at Haley, 
Bowman County and southwestern Barnes County. Most heavy infestations in 

rye have been treated. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Total of 11,940 taken 
in light trap at North Platte, July 4-10. (Pruess). 


APHIDS - OREGON - Caused severe damage to spring barley plantings in Union 
County. (Sidor). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - MONTANA - General in northern 
area grain fields. Most populations below economic levels at present time. 
(Roemhild). IDAHO - Varied from low to large numbers on spring planted 
grains, Latah, Nez Perce and Lewis Counties. Often heavy damage to late 
spring planted barley. Barley failing to head out in severely infested 
fields. Occasionally 75 per head in spring planted wheat in Lewis County, 
July 12, but dropped drastically in fields checked by July 16. (Gittins, 
Manis, Dailey). 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - MONTANA - Caused minor damage in 
Custer County. (Roemhild). NEBRASKA - Averaged 2-40 percent in western part 
of State. In eastern portion, most fields show infestations, but degree 

has not been determined. (Andersen). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Heavy on Sudan grass in Burleson 
County. (Hawkins) . 


SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - UTAH - Damaged small grains near Blanding 
and Monticello, San Juan County, near Escalante, Garfield County, and several 
areas in Washington, Sanpete, Sevier, Box Elder, Davis, Weber and Juab 

Counties. Becoming common on alfalfa and potatoes in many localites. (Knowlton, 
Thornley). Caused some damage to small grain in Beaver County. (Knowlton). 


ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - OREGON - Adults appeared in light 
trap collections in Benton and Lane Counties, July 13. (Capizzi). MONTANA - 
Probably this species, abundant in some alfalfa fields in Stillwater, 
Jefferson, Broadwater and those counties north of Great Falls, Cascade County. 
(Roemhild) . 


649 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - NEVADA - Caused light to moderate damage 
to second-crop alfalfa in several fields at Lovelock, Pershing County. 
(Bechtel, July 11). MONTANA - Caused héavy damage to alfalfa fields not 
treated. Caused severe damage in areas in Judith Basin, Teton and Cascade 
Counties where non-economic infestations existed in 1957. (Roemhild). 
DELAWARE - Adults prevalent on alfalfa, New Castle County, common in one 
eastern Sussex County alfalfa field. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


BLISTER BEETLES - NEW MEXICO - Spotty infestations defoliating alfalfa at 
Gila, Grant County, and Glenwood, Catron County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - WASHINGTON - Increased to 500 per head in 
some red clover fields near Quincy. (Johansen). 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - WASHINGTON - Up to 38 adults per 

25 sweeps in second-year red clover seed fields near Quincy, which is highest 
in Columbia Basin fields during past 3 years. (Johansen). DELAWARE - Unusually 
prevalent on red clover in western New Castle and western Kent Counties. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - WASHINGTON - Ranged 5-75 adults 
per 25 sweeps in redclover seed fields near Quincy. Highest where hay cutting 
was not taken. (Johansen). 


CUTWORMS - OREGON - Predicted extensive outbreaks occurred throughout State. 
Good control obtained due to timely warning, high losses averted. Predominately 
Peridroma margaritosa, some Agrotis ypsilon. Most larvae had reached 

maturity by July 13. (Every). NEW JERSEY - First 8 Agrotis ypsilon moths 
trapped at Moorestown, Burlington County, July 7. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 

ILLINOIS - A. ypsilon damaged few widely scattered fields of late-planted 

corn. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Peridroma margaritosa caused some damage to 


alfalfa and gardens in Beaver area. (Knowlton). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - PENNSYLVANIA - Fairly large numbers in 
hay, Juniata County. (Udine). LOUISIANA - Continued moderate on corn, Caddo 
and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). OKLAHOMA - Unusually light in alfalfa and 
sorghum throughout State. (Coppock). 


LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE - Common on red 
clover, western New Castle County, and on alfalfa, western Kent County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - OREGON - Required control in alfalfa seed fields in 
Malheur and Umatilla Counties, July 13. (Stephen). NEW MEXICO - Extremely 
heavy in seed alfalfa. Often averaged 1 per sweep; mostly nymphs in fields 
checked, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Numerous to damaging 

in alfalfa seed fields in Millard, Cache and Box Elder Counties, where controls 
were omitted. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - L. lineolaris numerous in red clover 

and very common in alfalfa in New Castle County and prevalent on Sussex County 
alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Requiréd control in parts of Millard 
County. Threatening in parts of Piute, Garfield, Sanpete and Beaver Counties. 
(Knowlton). WYOMING -— Moderate in second-cutting alfalfa in Cody-Powell 

area, Park County. (Davison). MINNESOTA - Heavy in alfalfa, 50-400 per 

10 sweeps in Southern district. Some fields show high counts of lady beetles. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


650 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Numbers doubled in alfalfa 
in southwestern counties, but are considerably below 1957 levels. Averaged 
9 per 100 sweeps in Richland County, 8 in Iowa and 25 per 100 sweeps in one 
Sauk County field. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MARYLAND - Averaged 7 per sweep on 
alfalfa, Frederick County. Injury noticeable to some second-growth alfalfa 
fields in central counties. Light to moderate on soybeans, lower Eastern 
Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Increases recorded 
from light trap samples, with 348 at Greeley, Weld County, July 1, and 

500 at Rocky Ford, Otero County, July 27. None from Center, Saguache County. 
GaxpeE Sita) 


SPIDER MITES - NEVADA - Tetranychus spp. light in various alfalfa fields at 
Lovelock, Pershing County. (Sebbas, Snyder, July 11). OREGON - T. atlanticus 
required control in several alfalfa fields near Milton-Freewater. (Stephen) . 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light. 
Occasionally heavy in Dona Ana, Eddy and Chaves Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
CALIFORNIA - Light on alfalfa in Guinda area, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt 
OKLAHOMA - Increased rapidly in western and southwestern areas, with 

3000-6000 per 10 sweeps in one Kiowa County alfalfa field, which is highest 
reported for over a year. Many southwest fields had several hundred to one 
thousand and more per 10 sweeps. Considerably lower in western section. 

Very little change in remainder of State. (Coppock). COLORADO - Averaged 

4-10 per 100 sweeps, July 11. Slight increase. No spread or new infestations 
at New Liberty, Mesa County. (Exp. Sta.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOOPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Common in 
most alfalfa fields, southern part of State. Highest about 1 per sweep at 
Gila, Grant County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Building up in alfalfa, 
Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). TEXAS - Averaged 14 per 10 sweeps on 
alfalfa, Burleson County. (Turney). 


WEBWORMS - NORTH DAKOTA - Infestations of Loxostege sticticalis in cereal 
grains, soybeans and flax requiring controls Still being reported from 
several areas. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - L. sSimilalis larvae 
appearing in northeastern and east central alfalfa fields, with counts of 
one per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). NEW MEXICO - Crambus teterrellus caused 
moderate to heavy damage to Bermuda grass at Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - MARYLAND - Caused moderate damage to 
soybean foliage, Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Fairly common on Sussex 
County soybeans, although decreased on all forage crops. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Light to moderate on 
soybeans in Escambia County, adults, eggs and larvae present. Very light 
in Baldwin County. (Grimes). 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - On soybeans in 
Escambia and Baldwin Counties in limited numbers. (Grimes). 


YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - ALABAMA - Few specimens of 
very small larvae on soybeans, EScambia and Baldwin Counties. (Grimes). 


651 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - GEORGIA - Light on peanuts in 
14 peanut raising counties. (Johnson). OKLAHOMA - Second-generation larvae 
about one-half developed in Caddo County. Light to moderate on peanuts, with 
12-15 percent of terminals infested. (Walton). TEXAS - Damaged peanuts in 
Mason County. (Hawkins). 


THRIPS - OKLAHOMA - Damage to peanuts in Caddo County generally light. 
(Walton). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - VIRGINIA - Present throughout King 
County, feeding on corn silks (Hall); medium in Essex County, attacked 
soybeans and corn throughout county (Little); medium on some soybean fields, 
Northumberland County (Saville). Heavy in some sections of Danville, 
Pittsylvania County, but not as heavy as in 1957 (Roweli); heavy on Augusta 
County farm (Willey, Swecker); not as numerous in Warren County as in past 
several years (Weddle). Severe on corn, grapes and small grain, Shenandoah 
County. Masses of adults in combined wheat. (Coiner). Light and county 
wide, Culpeper County. Less than normal. (Heltzel). MARYLAND - Heavy on 
soybeans planted with Sudan grass at Pocomoke City, Worcester County. 

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Averaged 8 per 10 sweeps in red clover, 
New Castle County. Feeding increased on soybeans throughout State. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


652 


FRUIT INSECTS 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) -— INDIANA - Most prominent pest of apples in northern 
tier of counties. (Marshall). OHIO - Abundant many northern orchards. 
(Cutright). WISCONSIN - Numerous many orchards in Door County (Wis. Coop. Sur., 
July 12). 


MEALY PLUM APHID (Hyalopterus arundinis) - OHIO - Extremely heavy infestations 
on plums at Wooster. (Rings). 


ORCHARD MITES - DELAWARE - Panonychus ulmi building up on apples throughout 
State. (Kelsey). INDIANA = P. ulmi building up some orchards at Vincennes 
(Hamilton) and Tetranychus spp. and P. ulmi increasing rapidly in apples where 
not rigidly checked in Orleans area (Marshall). KENTUCKY - P. ulmi building 

up in apple orchards in spite of frequent rains. (Rodriguez). OHIO - Popula- 
tions of P. ulmi increasing rapidly in orchards not receiving early season 
preventive sprays in central area. Average 5-12 mites per leaf. (Rings). 

UTAH - Generally worse than any time during past four years. (Davis, Knowlton). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW JERSEY - Some second- brood entries 

in Burlington County in apples July 14. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - 

New brood emerging on apple in Adams County (Asquith) and new entries noted 

in Lancaster County (Pepper). OHIO - Larvae leaving fruit in increasing numbers. 
No second-brood moths to July 18. (Cutright). INDIANA - Hatch increasing 
slowly at Orleans. (Marshall). MISSOURI - Some new entries in apples in south- 
eastern area. (Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Gr.). UTAH - Moderate damage to apples in Utah, 
Beaver, Garfield, Kane and Washington Counties. (Knowlton). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - GHIO - Twig damage by second-brood 
larvae generally light. (Rings). 


PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - CALIFORNIA - Light in early peaches 
in Reedley area of Fresno County and a problem in Stanislaus County on untreated 
peaches. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - GEORGIA - Infestations heavy in many 
orchards in Fort Valley area. Considerable damage to peach trees in area, i 
(Snapp, July 14). COLORADO - Control recommended in Delta County. (Exp. Sta.). 
RHODE ISLAND —- Larval activity evident in Woonsocket. (Caroselli). 


WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) - OREGON - Abundant 
some orchards in Milton-Freewater area. (Stephen). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation on 
prune trees in Gilroy area of Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - IDAHO - Abundant on cherry trees at 
Caldwell with considerable feeding damage observed. (Bechtolt). 


SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - UTAH - Caused some damage to cherries and 
apricots in Washington County orchards. Some attacking developing apples and 
pears. (Hughes, Knowlton). 


PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in orchard in 
San Juan Bautista Valley, San Benito County. First record for county. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). 


PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) -— RHODE ISLAND - Skeletonizing leaves of cherry 
trees in Warren, Bristol and North Providence. (Mathewson). NEVADA - 
Damaging pears and cherries in west central area. (Bechtel, July 11). 


PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - OHIO - Larval emergence from infested 
fruits nearly completed. No first brood adults emerged at Wooster. (Rings). 


653 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) — CALIFORNIA —- Medium infestation of apple 
trees in southern Plumas County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA .- Medium infestation of 
walnuts in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WALNUT APHID (Chromaphis juglandicola) - IDAHO - Extremely abundant on black 
walnut trees in Parma and Payette. (Manis). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA — Remains a problem on dooryard 
pecan trees throughout State. (Spink). 


LEAF ROLLERS - NEW JERSEY - Moth flights of Sparganothis spp. very heavy in 
cranberries, especially in Ocean County. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations 
on citrus in Orland area of Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


SUGAR-BEET ROOT MAGGOT (Tetanops myopaeformis) - MONTANA - Severe local 
damage to beet fields from Hysham to North Dakota border along Yellowstone 
River. (Roemhild). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - WYOMING - Infestation jin Powell—Cody 
area decreased. Damaging beets and beans in isolated spots. (Davison). 
MONTANA -— Generally present and damaging over State. (Roemhild). NORTH 
DAKOTA - Several severe infestations injuring sugar beets in Hillsboro area, 
Traill County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Some spraying started in west 
Polk County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - ILLINOIS = Four adults and 3 nymphs 

per 100 sweeps in horseradish in one unsprayed field. Most growers following 
good spray program. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). COLORADO - Curly top disease in tomatoes, 
sugar beets and possibly potatoes is chief concern in western and eastern 
counties. Leafhopper counts 60-80 per 100 sweeps in Garfield County, 80-100 

in Montrose County on July 11. Curly top as high as 20 percent in some sugar 
beet fields in eastern counties; an average of 2-5 percent in Larimer, Weld 

and Boulder Counties. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Generally very abundant on sugar 
beets. Many fields 40-50 percent curly top-infested over State. (Knowlton). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA — Heavy infestations on sugar 
beets in Walnut Grove area of Sacramento County and light on sunflowers in 
Arboga district of Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris);) - PENNSYLVANIA - Fairly abundant on 
potatoes in south central area. (Pepper). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) ~ WASHINGTON = Moderate numbers but increas- 
ing, more abundant Than usual on tomatoes at Yakima. On potatoes in eastern 
area. Light populations, less than normal. (Landis). 

POTATO APHIDS —- MAINE - Populations, although still very small, increased 
rapidly at Presque Isle and vicinity. Situation normal for time of year. 

Aphis abbreviata and Macrosiphum solanifolii predominate, followed by Myzus 
persicae and M. solani.. Lady beetles above normal in abundance. (Shands) . 


654 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - WYOMING - Populations building up in 
central area. Counts 64 per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine in midwest, lower else- 
where on matrimonyvine and potatoes. (Davison). 


LEAFHOPPERS - IDAHO — Empoasca filamenta building up in large numbers in com- 
mercial potato fields around Idaho Falls. (Manis). VIRGINIA - Medium to 
heavy infestations of E. fabae on potatoes and beans in Giles County. (Holpp). 
PENNSYLVANIA = E. fabae fairly abundant on potatoes in south central area. 
(Pepper). MARYLAND —- E. fabae increasing on beans most sections. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). a 


SUGAR-BEET WIREWORM (Limonius californicus) - CALIFORNIA —- Damaged acre of 
tomato transplants, 10 acres peppers and 60 acres of lettuce in Orange County. 
(Campbell, USDA). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) = NEW MEXICO - Beginning to cause trouble in 
tomato fields in Luna and Dona Ana Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


HORMWORMS (Protoparce spp.) = NEW MEXICO —- Damaging tomatoes several fields in 
Luna, Dona Ana and Lea Counties.,,(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Damaging 
tomatoes in Kent and New Castle Counties. Second-generation eggs on peppers 
in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous in potato stems in 
Beaufort County. (Neilson, Farrier). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) ~— DELAWARE - Adults and 
larvae very common on potatoes and tomatoes in areas of State. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) = IDAHO = Populations in peas in Latah, Nez Perce 
and Lewis Counties dropped drastically as pea fields began maturing and predators 
began building up. Damage to peas variable with occasional fields showing 
considerable feeding damage. (Gittins, Dailey). Abundant on lentils in Moscow 
area. (Manis). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) -— UTAH -— Damage increasing in Cache, 
Box Elder, Weber and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton). ALABAMA — Heavy infes- 
tations on lima beans in Escambia County. As many as 100 larvae and adults 
per 2 feet of row. (Grimes). COLORADO — Adults abundant in Loma and Fruita 
areas of Mesa County. Egg deposition heavy in early planted fields. Control 
recommended in Montrose County. (Exp. Sta.). MARYLAND — Heavy on beans in 
home gardens, light on commercial beans generally. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
DELAWARE — Feeding heavily on beans in Sussex County. Larvae predominate. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Building up in 

bean fields in southern area. Some treatments applied, especially along edges 

of fields. (Campbell, USDA). WASHINGTON — All stages present, light infestation 
but increasing on dry beans at Quincy. (Landis). 


A BEETLE (Strigoderma arboricola) = WISCONSIN - Causing greatest concern to 
bean growers in Plainfield-Hancock area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - DELAWARE —- First adult noted 
July 7. Large flight noted on July I3 in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


FLEA BEETLES - NEW JERSEY -— Adults very numerous on crucifers from Cape May to 
Middlesex County. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). PENNSYLVANIA - Second-generation 
Epitrix cucumeris appearing on potatoes in south central area. (Pepper). 
COLORADO — Epitrix tuberis adults 5-10 per 100 sweeps on potatoes in Carbondale 
area of Garfield County. (Exp. Sta.). CALIFORNIA — Heavy infestations of 
Epitrix hirtipehnis on potatoes in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). 


655 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) -— NEW MEXICO —- Infestations damaging 
cabbage in Luna and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW JERSEY - Moderate numbers in Cape May 
County on crucifers. (Ins. Dis. Nowak ). NEW MEXICO - Moderate to heavy 
infestations. damaging ABB a Ce at Deming, Luna County. Control difficult. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Common on cabbage in Kent and Sussex Counties. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


CROSS-STRIPED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis rimosalis) — ALABAMA —- Abundant in 
Randolph County, but scarce in Lee County on cabbage. (Guyton). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Common on cabbage in areas 
of Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - MONTANA — Scattered and widespread 
over State. Little damage apparent. (Roemhild). 


TORTOISE BEETLES - ALABAMA —- Deloyala po D. vittata and Metriona bicolor 
moderate on sweetpotatoes in Lee County (Gu uyton) NEW MEXICO — M. bicolor 
damaging chili plants at Redrock, Grant County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) - OHIO — Second-generation eggs abundant 
on sugar beets in Milan area, July 15. Very few new blotch mines or living 
larvae present. (Triplehorn) . 


PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) = CALIFORNIA — Light infestations near San 
Juan Capistrano, Orange County. (Campbell, USDA). 


ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) = NEVADA - Light to heavy populations on onions 
in Smith Valley, Lyon County. (Gallaway, July 11). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) — MONTANA - Severe damage to home and commercial 
plantings in western area. (Roemhild). MINNESOTA - Serious in home gardens 

in Thief River Falls area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WASHINGTON —- Populations, in 
association with H. cilicrura, considerably greater in dry onion fields near 
Moses Lake than those which occurred in 1957, even though treatments applied. 
Second generation pupation at present. (Johansen). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) -— DELAWARE - Prevalent on asparagus ferns 
in areas of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - IOWA = Becoming abundant. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 
NEW MEXICO - Damaging cantaloup plants in Valencia, Socorro and Hidalgo 
Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Damage to squash common in Utah, 
Millard and Beaver Counties. (Knowlton). 


A CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) — NEW MEXICO —- Damaging 
cantaloup plants in Valencia, Socorro and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) =- OKLAHOMA — Light on watermelons in Grady and 
Noble Counties. (Coppock) 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) = VIRGINIA = Infestations decreased on 
tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). MARYLAND - Building up gradually 
in southern counties. No treatments required to July 18. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
NORTH CAROLINA — Increasing on tobacco in Granville County. No serious infes-— 
tations at present. (Chamberlin). 


656 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) = MARYLAND —- Generally light on tobacco in Prince 
Georges and St. Marys Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Light 
on tobacco in Granville County. (Chamberlin). 


TOBACCO BUDWORM (Heliothis virescens) — GEORGIA - Light infestations in 8 
counties. (Johnson). WARYLAND = Occasionally moderate infestation in St. Marys 
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - GEORGIA — Light to moderate infes- 
tations on tobacco in 8 counties. (Johnson). VIRGINIA — Increasing on field 
tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) — NORTH CAROLINA - First-generation weevils 
appeared in lower southeastern counties with sharp increase in square infes- 
tations in few fields. Infestations generally low in central and more north- 
erm areas. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - First-generation weevils 
emerging and feeding in Florence area. High infestations in several treated 
fields in Marlboro County. (Fye et al.). GEORGIA - Infestation counts 

ranged from 0-76 percent, averaging 22 percent, in 56 northwestern and southern 
fields. (Johnson). ALABAMA —- Infestations increasing to critical point some 
southern and southeastern areas. Infestations ranged from 1-88 percent. 
(Grimes). MISSISSIPPI = Infestations remain exceptionally low in delta counties. 
(Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - First-generation weevils emerging in most infested 
fields in western area. Infestations spotty and heavier in older cotton. 

Square counts made in 79 fields with 49 found infested. Percent infested 
squares averaged 4 compared with 19 percent at same time last year. (Locke). 
MISSOURI - First infestations of season in Dunklin County. Eight fields in- 
fested with 2 percent or less of squares punctured. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - 
Total of 3792 fields scouted with 44.8 percent found infested. First-generation 
emergence continues with peak expected during week of July 20. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
LOUISIANA — Percent infestation averaged 14 in Grant Parish, 1] in Rapides, 12 

in Avoyelles, 17 in Ouachita and 7 in Morehouse Parish. (Spink). Average 
square infestation in Tallulah area was 5 percent in treated fields and 4 per- 
cent in untreated fields. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Square infestation averaged 
14.6 percent in treated fields and 38.6 percent in untreated fields in McLennan 
and Falls Counties. Migration to late fruiting fields expected in near future, 
(Parencia et al.). Continue a problem in upper coastal, eastern and northeastern 
areas. (Gaines). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.~et al.). — NORTH CAROLINA — Heavy larval damage in 
several fields In Scotland and Anson Counties. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH 
CAROLINA - Remain a major threat in Florence area, Several fields in Marlboro 
County with 50 percent of square, blooms and bolls infested. Many growers 
consider outbreak to be one of the most severe ever experienced in area. (Fye 
et al.). Continues to be number one pest of cotton throughout State. (Cott. 
Lett.). GEORGIA — Egg counts ranged from 3-98 per 100 terminals, averaging 32 
per 100 terminals, in 56 northwestern and southern fields. Larvae averaged 

8 per 100 terminals. (Johnson). ALABAMA — Larval populations ranged from 

0-21 per 100 terminals. Infestations remain constant in southern area. Lim-— 
ited number of eggs found. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI = Some square injury; no 
general egg deposition in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE — Light 
infestations in western area. (Locke). MISSOURI - Slight drop in larval pop- 
ulations but increase in eggs compared with previous week. (Kyd, Thomas). 
ARKANSAS - Eggs appearing on cotton. Of 3792 fields scouted, 35.5 percent 
infested. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA — Percent infestation averaged 0.3 to 

1 in Grant, Rapides, Avoyelles, Ouachita and Morehouse Parishes. (Spink). 
Percent square infestation in Tallulah area averaged 5 percent in treated fields 
and 5 percent in untreated fields. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Square injury ; 
averaged 4.3 percent in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). Young 


657 


larvae appearing in many areas of State. (Gaines). NEW MEXICO —- Eggs and 
larvae of H. zea mostly light and spotty, with few moderate infestations in 
cotton growing areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA -— Heavy infestations in 
Pinal County and increasing in Pima County. Some control being applied. 
(Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA —- Many found in all fields in Florence area. One 
serious outbreak reported. (Fye et al.). Control warranted many fields in 
State. (Cott. Lett.). GEORGIA - Infestations light to heavy in cotton grow- 
ing counties. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of Aphis gossypii in 
central and southern areas. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Localized hot spots in 
delta counties. (Merkl et al.). ARKANSAS - Present in practically all fields; 
numerous in regularly treated fields where aphidicide not included. (Ark. 

Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA -— Building up in treated fields in Tallulah area. 

(Smith et al.). NEW MEXICO - Scattered moderate to heavy infestations of 

A. gossypii in Dona Ana, Luna and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPIDER MITES - GEORGIA - Infestations light to heavy in cotton growing counties. 
(Johnson). ALABAMA — Infestations continue to increase most parts of State. 

In southeastern area, infestations heavier than previously observed at any 

time. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Localized hot spots in delta counties. (Merkl 
et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Buildups reported in Coastal Plain counties. (Cott. 
Lett.). MISSOURI - Light to moderate marginal or widely scattered field infes- 
tations. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Infestations light to medium in McLennan and 
Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Light infestations in several 
counties. (Johnson). NEW MEXICO - Continue to buildup throughout most cotton 
growing areas. Larvae much more numerous than previous week. (N. M. Coop. 
Rpt.) 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARIZONA - Two found on cotton in Deer 
Valley area. (Bottger, Sheets, Kauffman; July 10). 


COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - NEW MEXICO - Occasional larva found 
on cotton in Socorro and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSISSIPPI - Causing noticable damage to 
cotton in Choctaw County. (Hutchins). 


FLEAHOPPERS -— NEW MEXICO — Populations appear to be decreasing most fields 

in Chaves, Eddy, Lea, Dona Ana, Luna and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
TEXAS - Infestations decreased. Injurious infestations confined to very few 
untreated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). Light 

to heavy populations in central, north central and northeastern areas. (Gaines). 
ARIZONA - Populations of Rhinacloa forticornis decreasing though still high 

some fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets; July 10). 


A LEAF BEETLE (Colaspis sp.) - MISSISSIPPI - Feeding on cotton in northeastern 
counties. (Hutchins). ARKANSAS - Adults present many cotton fields. (Ark. 
Ins VRpit..))- 


STINK BUGS -— NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations of Chlorochroa sayi and C. ligata 
severely damaging bolls and squares in Deming, Luna County. Less severe infes- 
tations in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Populations, mostly 
C. sayi and a small green species, increasing in Pima County. (Bottger, 
Kauffman, Sheets). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MIXICO - Light to heavy in cotton growing areas. 
Counts as high as 35 per 100 sweeps in experimental check plots near Las Cruces, 
Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Many fields in Maricopa County 
heavily populated. One field near Litchfield averaged 24 per 100 sweeps. In 
Pima and Pinal Counties populations increasing. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


658 


SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus niveus) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations causing alarm 
to some southwestern growers. Approximately 3 percent lodging of cotton 
plants due to cricket ovipositioning in Blair area. (Stoner). 


THRIPS - TEXAS - Light to medium infestations in eastern, northeastern, north 
central, west cross timbers and northwestern areas. (Gaines). 


FOREST ,ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Of the 36 additional 
spots suspected of being infested, I9, with up to 100 brood trees, were found 
with this pest.. Control either completed or in progress on all Known spots 
and results apparently effective. (Young). 


DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - CALIFORNIA - Killing groups 
of Douglas fir in a I,100-acre stand of old trees in the Upper Grider Creek 
area of Siskiyou County. (Weyrick, USFS). 


WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) - CALIFORNIA - Seriously damaging 
Ponderosa pine in a 1,200-acre stand in Stonyford area of Colusa and Glenn 
Counties. (Lloyd, USFS). 


BARK BEETLES (Ips spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Damaging 50 acres of Ponderosa pines in 
Indian Valley Creek area, Trinity County, as a result of, blown-down trees. 
(Estes, USFS). 


ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Crytepistomus castaneus) - DELAWARE - Feeding commonly on 
various oaks throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Adults 
causing moderate damage to oak seedlings at Fairland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - CALIFORNIA - Reported for first time 
in State. Medium infestation on a few spruce trees in Oakland, Niles and at 
Mission San Jose in Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - IDAHO - Infestation in Gibbon Pass 
area near North Fork, Lemhi County. Considerable damage to Douglasfir. (Manis). 


NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - ARKANSAS - Emergence of third 
brood at its peak in South central area. Heavy emergence in infested areas 
of State expected near end of July. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


LARCH SAWFLY (Coleophora laricella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Pupation nearly completed 


at Clinton. (Drooz). WISCONSIN - More plentiful than in 1957 in Waushara 
County. Pupation started in west central area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - DELAWARE - Damage quite noticeable 
in eastern New Castle County with as high as 7 colonies on a single tree. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


SCALE INSECTS - UTAH - Gossyparia spuria damaging elms at Manti, Salt Lake 
and Orem. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation of Chionaspis americana 
on scattered native elms in Stillwater area. (Apt). PENNSYLVANIA - Severe 
on maple and other shade trees, Luzerne County, July 11. (Nichols). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) = CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging 
elms in Dinuba area, Tulare County. Damaging yard trees in Sacramento and 
medium infestations in Santa Cruz. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEVADA - Pupation of 
first brood in progress in west central area. Adult emergence should begin 
about July 18. (Bechtel, July 11). ARKANSAS - Damage to Chinese elms locally 
severe in southwestern area except where control applied. (Ark; Ins?) Rpt.) 


659 


PENNSYLVANIA - Larvae abundant on and around base of elms in south central area. 
(Pepper). NEW JERSEY - Very abundant some areas of State. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


ELM SAWFLY (Cimbex americana) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Elm tree defoliation in south 
central region by larvae. (Hantsbarger) . 


A BARK BEETLE - IOWA - Another case of Dutch elm disease has been confirmed 
in Scott County. This is the first case reported in 1958. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CALIFORNIA - 
Heavy on elms in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - 
Total of 617 elms with Dutch elm disease on July 16. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


POPLAR AND WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus lapathi) - MONTANA - Severely damaged 
willows in Hill County. (Roemhild). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Injury to mimosa trees in 
Prince Georges County becoming prominent. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


A ROYAL PALM BUG (Xylastodoris luteolus) - FLORIDA - Adults and nymphs aver- 
aged several hundred per frond on about 100 royal palms at Ft. Lauderdale, 
Broward County. (Fla. Ins. Sur.). 


A MAY BEETLE (Phyllophaga sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliating trees, shrubs 
and flowers in Greensboro and overly abundant in Richmond and Wake Counties. 
(Jones, Farrier). 


MITES - RHODE ISLAND - Severe on arborvitae and spruce in Warwick area. 
(Caroselli). NEW MEXICO - Oligonychus coniferarum damaging juniper in 
Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, and Las Cruces, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. 
Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Tetranychus telarius severe on evergreens in scattered 
areas throughout State. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Spider mites heavy 
on spruce at Baltimore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NEW JERSEY - Causing great deal of con- 
cern in central area of State on Ornamentals. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). IOWA - 
Caught in traps in Ft. Madison area early in July. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). RHODE 
ISLAND - Heavy adult emergence at Crantston, Cumberland, Lincoln. Other 
areas generally lighter than in 1957. (Mathewson, Kerr). VIRGINIA - 
Feeding on flowers, grape vines and fruit trees throughout King George County. 
Heavy enough to justify treatment of grapes and flowers. (Hall). NORTH 
CAROLINA - Decreasing in central and eastern areas. Adult emergence approach- 
ing peak in western counties, especially Buncombe and Henderson. Heavy pop- 
ulations in Boone area. (PPC). Eastern section of Cumberland County also 
heavily infested. (Johnson). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) -— NEW JERSEY - Becoming active on ornamentals 
in southern area. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). IDAHO - Larvae seriously webbing and 
tying leaves of chokechery bushes in the North Fork area of Lemhi County. 
(Manis). Heavily webbing and seriously defoliating chokecherries in Kamiah 
and Orofino areas. (Gittins). 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - GEORGIA - Very heavy infestation on 
ornamentals in Fort Valley area. Arborvitae defoliated and grass damaged. 
(Snapp, July 11). VIRGINIA - Severe and general on arborvitae and similar 
plants in Hampton and York Counties. Totally defoliated some of the plants. 
(Adams). Severe on arborvitae in Newport News. (Stump). DELAWARE - Very 
heavy on red cedars locally in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - 
Heavy on cedars at College Park. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). TEXAS - Very heavy on 
evergreens, Kaufman City. (Hawkins). 


660 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Aedes sp. increasing in Lovelock area, Pershing County. 
(Bechtel, Snyder, July II). IOWA - Becoming very serious. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 
UTAH - Troublesome in many areas. (Knowlton). NORTH DAKOTA - Culex tarsalis 
females averaged 100-200 per trap per night in Fargo rural areas. Aedes vexans 
adults averaged 75 per trap per night showing increase in numbers over week 
prior to July 14. Larvae in area ponds. (Noetzel). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes 
sollicitans population high in Pamlico and Hyde Counties, moderate in Carteret 


County. (Usry). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - NEBRASKA - Populations building up in sandhills 
range. (Roselle). UTAH = Annoying cattle in Rich and Weber Counties. 
(Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200-500 per cow on untreated animals in west- 
ern one half of State. (Coppock). 


ITCH MITE (Sarcoptes scabiei) - NEW MEXICO - Severe on young pigs at Virden, 
Hidalgo County. Was caused death of some. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - NEBRASKA - Populations increased in eastern 
and central areas. (Roselle). 


CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Heel flies annoying cattle in Rich 
County and Ogden Valley of Weber County. (Knowlton). 


FLIES - IOWA -— Stable, horn and horse flies causing considerable loss to beef 
and dairy herds. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). UTAH - Horse flies extremely annoying to 
livestock and occasionally biting people in Randolph-Woodruff area and in 
Allen Canyon, Rich County. Deer flies annoying people and livestock in area 
of Rich County. (Knowlton). 


AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - NEBRASKA - Increased populations 
in central Platte Valley. (Roselle). 


POULTRY LICE - IOWA - Extremely numerous on farm flocks. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 


FLEAS - NEBRASKA - Numerous infestations of dog fleas in homes in southeast. 
(Roselle). OKLAHOMA - An unusually large number of dwellings infested in 
Tulsa area. (Bower). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


A GRAIN MITE (Lepidoglyphus cadaverum) - OREGON - Heavy in ryegrass seed in 
Salem, July 1. (Krantz). 


STORED-GRAIN BEETLES - WASHINGTON - Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Laemophloeus spp. 
moderately heavy in wheat and barley held over from 1957 harvest in eastern 
part of State. (Walker). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) - RHODE ISLAND - Three cases of foul brood in 

North Kingston aréa. (fansen). MINNESOTA - Prevailing cloudy and cool weather 
has retarded activity in bee hives over much of State. Warm, sunny weather 
needed to realize a normal honey harvest. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


661 


PREDATORS - NEVADA - Lady beetles, lacewings and syrphid larvae extremely 
numerous in most alfalfa growing areas of State. (Bechtel, et al., July 11). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - Lady beetles abundant throughout eastern and south central 
alfalfa fields, with up to 100 larvae, pupae and adults per 10 sweeps. Lace- 
wing larvae and adults averaged 6 per 100 sweeps in same areas. (Hantsbarger, 
July 11). IDAHO - Adults emerging in great numbers on crops and wasteland, 
many parts of Latah, Nez Perce and Lewis Counties. Extreme abundance of this 
species will probably take care of most aphid problems in these areas. (Manis, 
Gittins). NORTH DAKOTA - High numbers of adult syrphids in many cereal grain 
fields in Northwood area, Grand Forks County. (Post). OKLAHOMA - Collops spp. 
averaged 1-5 adults per 10 sweeps from scattered alfalfa fields in western and 
southwestern counties. Lady beetles increased in fields with considerable 
numbers of spotted alfalfa aphid. (Coppock). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - NEVADA - Becoming nuisance around 
homes, damaged garden plants and flowers, Reno-Sparks area, Washoe County. 
(Bechtel, Lauderdale, July 11). UTAH - Very annoying in several Beaver County 
localities. A common problem in many communities. (Knowlton). RHODE ISLAND - 
Continues troublesome throughout State. (Caroselli). 


A JERUSALEM CRICKET (Stenopelmatus sp.) - NEVADA - Numerous north of Sparks, 
Washoe County. (Lauderdale, afin Byala). 


STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - RHODE ISLAND - Entering houses 
in numbers at Johnston. (Mathewson) . 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


NEW YORK - APPLE APHID and ORCHARD MITE buildups moderate to heavy in few 
orchards in Niagara County. APPLE MAGGOT emergence appears to be at low 
level in Wayne County and may continue later into the season than usual. 
Hatching of MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE eggs occurring generally. Populations are 
abundant in Erie County. TOOTHED FLEA BEETLE was exceptionally abundant on 
weedy corn in Poughkeepsie, July 13-15. First TOMATO HORNWORM moth trapped 
July 11 in Hudson Valley. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


ALABAMA - EUROPEAN CORN BORER moths very abundant in northern part of State. 
In several areas checked, egg masses averaged 50 per 100 plants. (Ruffin). 


662 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quing. zea vires. 
ARKANSAS 
Atkins 7/10-16 192 
Fayetteville 7/10-16 78 31 18 59 
Hope 7/10-16 7 2 17 
Kelso 7/10-16 15 4 2 2 
Morrilton 7/10-16 46 12 10 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 7/11-17 642 8 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 7/9-15 927 22 3 72 22 7 
Tippecanoe 7/10-14 4152 9 1 81 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 7/11-17 2 168 4 1 
Shreveport 7/11-17 al 5 4 
MAINE 
Monmouth 7/13-19 33 
Orono 7/13-19 Gi 
MISSISSIPPI 
Grenada 7/7-12 6 4 9 
Senatobia 7/4-17 9 3 
*State College 7/6-12 251 12 433 3 al al iLih 20 
*Stoneville 7/11-17 92 130 PANS 3 14 45 1 
NEBRASKA 
Alliance 7/2-7 108 1 73 4 il 
Kearney 7/3-10 236 5 141 2 7 3 
Lincoln 7/4-11 3386 280 42 105 
North Platte 7/4-10 11,940 61 1869 10 63 23 1 
Scotts Bluff 7/8-14 866 9 2, 
NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 7/17 42 4 36 26 2 10 4 
Faison 7/17 18 2 46 2 ive 5 1 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
CharleSton 7/7-20 3 3 213 1 35 5 
Clemson 7/12-18 270 10 190 1 27 23 37 3 
Florence 7/13-19 145 iz 211 38 95 14 150 46 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 
Blount 7/8-14 PX} 27 231 18 6 6 27 
Cumberland 514 8 50 30 2 6 20 
Greene 1776 15 66 51 6 9 
Maury 512 84 12 8 8 24 
Robertson T32 12 30 60 12 6 6 
TEXAS 
Brownsville 7/8-11 16 48 496 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - 7/8-14: *Arlington - 510; 
Fall River - 132; Janesville - 722; La Crosse - 1000; Middleton - 140; 
Oakfield - 109; Platteville - 652; Ripon - 1496; River Falls - 1710; 
Rosendale - 681; Stevens Point -66; *Theresa - 796. 


*Two traps-State College, 4 traps-Stoneville, 2 traps—Arlington, 3 traps—Theresa. 


663 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


EUROPEAN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) 


Ecomonic Importance: This tephritid is considered to be one of the most ser- 
lous pests of cherries in Europe. It frequently causes severe damage in-cen- 
tral European countries and in recent years has caused severe damage in southern 
Norway. In Bulgaria in 1929, from 80 to 100 percent of the fruit was damaged 
in many instances. Infestations in Norway are frequently over 90 percent. 
Considerable loss occurs in the preserve industry in Germany and further loss 

is realized in this country from cherry import restrictions operating in 

Great Britain and other countries. In the past few years it has been inter- 
cepted in increasing numbers at U. S. ports of entry. As many as 31 intercep- 
tions have been reported at Atlantic Coast ports in a season, 


Hosts: The major host is cherry, but it will also attack several other species 
of Prunus. Lonicera tatarica and L. xylosteum appear to be important alternate 
hosts, thou ey are not preferred. 


Distribution: Occurs throughout most of Continental Europe and parts of 
Turkey in Asia. In USSR extends from southern Leningrad province to the 
Crimea and in southeastern Kazakhstan. 


General Distribution of Rhagoletis cerasi 


(Tephritidae, Diptera) No. 55 of Series 


664 


Life History and Habits: In France the adults emerge from the overwintering 
pupal cases in early May. They begin feeding shortly afterward upon the 
secretions on the tree. Unfed females cannot become sexually mature. Newly 
emerged adults are sluggish and are easily captured. Weather greatly influences 
the activity of the adults. They remain immobile on cold cloudy days. In 
about 11 days the females begin laying eggs in fruits, each laying from 50 to 
60 with a maximum of 100. The eggs are placed beneath the epidermis, usually 
one per fruit. Incubation lasts from 6 to 12 days, varying with temperature. 
Larval development averages 30 days. When mature, the larvae leave the fruit 
and enters the soil to pupate. The puparia remain in the soil until the fol- 
lowing May, some pupae remain for a second year. Larvae hatching in green 
fruit rapidly die, but thrive in mature fruit and tunnel toward the center. 
The tissue around the oviposition scar in infested fruit becomes soft and 
brownish. 


Description: The adult is small, 3.5 to 4 mm. long; almost entirely black; 
head large, clear yellow anteriorly and dusky on lower face. Face not keeled. 
Frons little larger than one eye, seen from below. Ocelli triangle, brown; 
antennae colorless. Chaetae and bristles of head very short. Thorax black 
with exception of brilliant lateral line. In addition, anterior part of 
thorax with two brownish longitudinal bands and sides of shield with black 
spots. Abdomen black, ornamented by marginal hairs on last segments. Femora 
black, tibiae and tarsi yellow except posterior pair which darken toward 
middle. Wing with characteristic design. (See illustration of adults). 
Bands and markings of wings blackish. Males distinguished from females prin- 
cipally by elongation of fifth abdominal segment and absence of ovipositor. 
Mature larvae white, 2.5 mm. long. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in 
cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(30) 7-25-58 


Adults of Phagoletis cerasi 


Figures (except map) from Norge, I. 1951. Melding fra Statens Plantevern 5, 
35 pp. 


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TED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL? 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE : 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION — 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: ; 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division - 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. z 


Volume 8 August 1, 1958 Number 31 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS moving into fields in North Dakota with some crop injury and 
some damage in areas of South Dakota. Populations somewhat higher than in 
1957 in areas of Oklahoma. Damaged crops in New Mexico and heavy on pasture 
land in California. (p. 667). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER larval counts high in northeast and central Nebraska. 
(p. 668). CORN EARWORM heavy in sorghum in some Arkansas areas. (p. 668). 


FALL ARMYWORM heavy in several crops in various states. GARDEN WEBWORM 
outbreak in southeastern Missouri, heavy and damaging in areas of 
Arkansas. (p. 669). 


HESSIAN FLY survey in Nebraska indicates heaviest infestation since 1952. 
(p. 670). 


PEAR PSYLLA more abundant than usual in Willamette Valley, Oregon. (p. 674). 
GARDEN FLEAHOPPER losses to melons extensive in areas of Indiana. (p. 675). 
Worst BOLLWORM infestation on record in Georgia continued to cause severe 
damage. (p. 676). Main problem in cotton in Texas areas, damage statewide 


in South Carolina. (p. 677). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG heavy in many areas of Idaho, abundant in areas of 
Massachusetts. (p. 680). 


JAPANESE BEETLE active throughout its range. (pp. 675, 681). 


CORRECTIONS. (p. 681). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 682). 


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Reports in this issue are for the week ending July 25, unless otherwise 
designated. 


666 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING JULY 28 


Frequent showers and thunderstorms, high relative humidity, and abnormally 

low weekly average temperatures in most interior areas were the weather 
pattern east of the Rockies. In the Far West, precipitation was limited to 
Widely scattered, mostly light showers, while temperatures for the week averaged 
a few degrees below normal in interior sections and above in Washington State 
and along the Pacific Coast. Thundershowers east of the Rockies generally 
maintained adequate to excessive soil moisture. The principal exceptions 
were a continued shortage in northeastern Montana, a need for more rain in the 
southern low rolling plains of Texas, in a few counties of south central 
Virginia and in parts of Michigan. Total rainfall for the week was heaviest 
in sections of the central Great Plains and in the Ohio and middle and lower 
Mississippi Valleys where many stations reported weekly totals ranging from 

3 to over 5 inches. Winnfield, Louisiana, reported the heaviest total, 

10.77 inches, of which 10 inches fell during the night of the 21st and 22nd. 
Floods along many streams from Kansas to West Virginia are causing locally 
heavy crop losses; and wet weather during the past 3 to 6 weeks has delayed 
cultivation of row crops and weeds are becoming a problem. 


Although severe storms were not numerous during the week, tornadoes destroyed 
some farm buildings near Akron, Colorado, and between Newark and Newcomerstown, 
Ohio. A windstorm on the 27th in eastern Maryland, near Worcester, took a 
heavy toll of chickens and caused some other property damage, with total 

losses estimated at $70,000. Dry weather continued the high fire hazard in 
much of the Far West, but no serious forest fires have been reported. Recently 
20,000 acres of range were burned over in Boxelder County, Utah, and lightning 
started several range fires in Idaho and a number of forest fires in northern 
California. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau.) 


667 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Romalea microptera increasing in southern part of 
State. (K. Hays, July 21). ARKANSAS - Outbreak reported in Carroll County. 
(Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Generally low in southeast district. Averaged 
12, 25 and 30 per square yard in 3 locations in central district, with first 
to third-instar nymphs of Melanoplus femur-rubrum dominant species. Non- 
economic in west central district except along roadsides and in some fields 
in Lac qui Parle and Yellow Medicine Counties, with 50-60 per square yard in 
2 Yellow Medicine County fields, M. femur-rubrum first to third-instar nymphs 
dominant. One report of 27 per square yard from Chippewa County. (Minn. 

Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Considerable variability in populations between 
alfalfa fields in same locality. Averaged 10 per square yard in some Wood 
County fields, but 25 per square yard were common in fields in Portage, 
Waushara and Marquette Counties, July 18. Up to 5 per square yard in fields 
checked in Sauk, Iowa, Richland and Vernon Counties, with almost none in 

30 percent of these fields, July 21. Hatching has begun in Dane, Crawford, 
Vernon and Richland Counties, with 12-15 first-instar nymphs per square yard 
in some fields. On same date, fields examined in Sauk and Monroe Counties 
averaged as many as 27 second and third-instar nymphs per square yard. 

(Wis. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Moving into fields with crop injury 
noticeable in margins. M. bivittatus adults light to threatening at several 
places in Williams, Divide, Burke and Renville Counties. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults of M. bilituratus heavy in Nemo area, Lawrence County, 
and South Canyon area, Pennington County. Spraying continued in Bennett- 
Shannon-Washabaugh area, with emphasis on roadsides. Some crop damage in 
Yankton and Clay Counties, with averages of 35-40 per square yard in alfalfa 
and 50-75 in field margins. M. differentialis and M. bivittatus dominant 
species in this area. (Burge, King). NEBRASKA - M. bilituratus and M. 
bivittatus mating in north central section. Complex of first to fourth-instar 
nymphs of M. femur-rubrum and M. differentialis ranged 10-35 per square yard 
in alfalfa field margins. (Roselle). In Southwestern wheat and wheat stubble 
counts ranged from 5-54 per square yard in margins, up to 10 fields, 
predominantly M. bilituratus, M. angustipennis and M. foedus. (Andersen). 
OKLAHOMA - Range, roadside and marginal populations in eastern and northeastern 
sections somewhat higher than in 1957. Nymphs and adults generally 4-10 per 
Square yard on range. Predominant species in eastern half of State include 
M. bivittatus, M. femur-rubrum, Ageneotettix deorum and Mermiria spp. Second- 
generation Melanoplus Spp. in several locations. (Coppock). 


UTAH - Becoming more serious at Circleville, Marysvale and Junction, Piute 
County. (Knowlton). Severe on 7,000 acres on Fountain Green Ridge, Sanpete 
County. C. pellucida severe on 7,000-acre area of meadow in Manti-Ephraim- 
Wales area, Same county. (Thornley, Knowlton). IDAHO - Up to 8 nymphs per 
sweep in red clover and alfalfa fields sampled in Canyon County. (Waters). 
NEW MEXICO - M. differentialis and M. bivittatus damaged corn and alfalfa in 
Valencia, Sandoval and Bernalillo Counties. Destroying gardens in many areas 
of State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Melanoplus spp. heavy on 

pasture land, Dixon area of Solano County. Trimerotropis sp. medium, adults 
flying into Hemet, Riverside County. Camnula pellucida and M. devastator 
medium on rangelands in Irvine area, Orange County, and latter species heavy 
in Vacaville area, Solano County. C. pellucida as high as 40 per square 
yard on rangelands, San Diego and Riverside Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


668 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MASSACHUSETTS - First brood 
generally light and late. (Wheeler). DELAWARE - Hatching throughout State. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Infestations low in Queen Annes and Frederick 
Counties. Egg laying common on corn adjacent to maturing potato fields. 

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Egg deposition on field corn continued in 
northern areas. (Grimes). MINNESOTA - Infestation continued low, with 

highest count of 33 percent in southwest district. Most larvae in first and 
third instars, with up to fifth instar in southern district. No pupation 
reported. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Limited chiefly to early and 
advanced plantings in southern counties, with percentage of infested plants 
not high, ranging 25-35 percent. Higher in canning sweet corn in area west 

of southern end of Lake Winnebago. Most larvae in third and fourth instars. 
Lydella grisescens observed in larvae and pupae in Dane County. (Wis. Coop. 
Sur.). ILLINOIS - Populations generally low. Averaged 0.8-47 per 100 plants. 
(I1l. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - First brood pupation 34 percent at Ankeny. 

Situation same aS in 1957 in Boone County, with 6 percent pupation and 78 
percent fifth-instar larvae. In these randomly selected fields, 64 percent of 
plants averaged 89 larvae per 100 plants. Warmer weather has been favorable 
for development. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). INDIANA - Averaged one third-instar 
first-brood larva per stalk in earliest corn in east central section, with 
only 3 percent infestation. Counts slightly higher in northern section. 
(Lehker, Wilson). ARKANSAS - Egg deposition continued. Occurrence appears 
light in some areas, heavy in others. Third and fourth-instar larvae in Desha 
County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Larvae on early-planted corn in Carroll 
County were 53 percent mature, with 38 percent pupation and 4 percent emergence. 
No second-generation egg laying observed. (Peters, Munson). NEBRASKA - Second 
to fifth-instar larvae heavy i~ early planted corn, with 500-880 per 100 
plants in northeast section, and 300-600 per 100 plants in north central 
section. In southeast section, third and fifth-instar larvae ranged 260-450 
per 100 plants, with a few pupae found. (Andersen, Roselle). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - PENNSYLVANIA - General in corn and hay. 
Sporadic in Some instances, with some damage. (Udine). MINNESOTA - Only 2 
fields reported treated in northwest district July 19-25. Occasional 
barley fields show small number of larvae in lodged areas. Considerable 
numbers of moths taken -in light traps at Worthington and Fergus Falls. 
Counts higher than any time in 1958. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Light 
feeding in many corn fields has subsided in southern sections. No damage 
in small grain reported from this area. Reported in dense growth alfalfa- 
brome grass fields in Barron and Monroe Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - OREGON - Large numbers, probably this 

species, in localized areas of Willamette Valley damaged corn and beets. 
Control effective and little crop loss anticipated. Presence unusual in 
this area. (Crowell). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MASSACHUSETTS - Almost absent from early 
plantings. (Wheeler). GEORGIA - Light on peanuts, Tift, Colquitt and Cook 
Counties. (Johnson). LOUISIANA - Light in grain sorghum in Tensas and 
Franklin Parishes. (Spink). OKLAHOMA - Larvae averaged 2-3 per ear on field 
corn, Craig County. General infestation lighter than in last two years. 
(Coppock). TEXAS - Averaged 6-27 larvae per head in grain sorghum, McLennan 
and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). ARKANSAS - Infestations heavy in grain - 
sorghum in some areas. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Third and fourth-instar 
larvae found in planting of early sweet corn in Dane County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
NEW MEXICO - Heavy on field corn and generally heavy on sweet corn 

throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Abundant, caused early 
severe damage to corn. (Brannon). UTAH - Infesting some corn in the Uintah 
Basin. (Knowlton). WEST VIRGINIA - Averaged 5 percent infestation in 
harvested ears of sweet corn in Hancock County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


669 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Heavy in late field corn, 
southeastern Sussex County. Larvae averaged one per 10 sweeps in alfalfa, 
statewide. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Half-grown larvae heavy in late 
corn in Fairland and Beltsville, with 58 percent of stalks infested. These 
are the first of the season. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaged corn 
in Middlesex County. (Morris, Debusk). TENNESSEE - Heavy in Monroe County, 
averaged 20-30 larvae per square foot in barley and Sudan grass. (Bennett). 
GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on corn, Lanier, Lowndes, Cook, Colquitt and 
Mitchell Counties. (Johnson). LOUISIANA - Heavy in late corn, Caddo Parish. 
Averaged 30 per square foot in local infestation of grass, St. Helena Parish. 
(Spink). TEXAS - Averaged 1-5 larvae per stalk on grain sorghum, Burleson 
County. (Randolph). ARKANSAS - Heavy in grain sorghum in some areas. (Ark. 
Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Few reports of light infestations in northern and 
southern sections of State. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Larvae light on 
late-planted corn in scattered fields over southwest area. (Kyd, Thomas). 


GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - ARKANSAS - Heavy in grain Sorghum in 
some areas. Damaged young Soybeans in several areas of State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
ILLINOIS - Caused light damage in occasional southern alfalfa and soybean 
fields. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Very heavy outbreak occurred on alfalfa, 
late planted soybeans and cotton over much of extreme southeast area. 

Moths very numerous over much of remainder of State. Damaging larval 
infestations can be expected during next 7-14 days. (Kyd, Thomas). 


NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - MISSOURI - Adults very 
numerous, feeding heavily on silks of field corn in widely scattered fields 
over southeast area. Lodging in small spots throughout several fields. 
(Kyd, Thomas). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Egg laying 
continued in Newton County area, and areas northwest of White County. South 
of these counties most eggs have hatched. In Arkansas Valley, infestation 
appears lighter than originally expected. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - 
Heavy in late corn, Caddo Parish. (Spink). OKLAHOMA - Second-generation 
larvae in corn, Stillwater area. (Arbuthnot, Walton). NEW MEXICO - Medium to 
heavy in field corn, Curry and Quay Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Light on corn and early-planted 
sorghum in northeastern areas; somewhat heavier on late-planted sorghum, up 
to 30 per plant. (Coppock). 


BROWN STINK BUG (Euschistus servus) - ALABAMA - Moderate on corn in Etowah 
County. (Grimes). 


A STINK BUG - TEXAS - Heavy on heads of milo in Motley County. (Hawkins). 
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - DELAWARE - Large numbers in tassels of 


field corn, eastern Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). WEST VIRGINIA - 
Infested 100 percent of 15 acres of sweet corn in Hancock County. (W. Va. Ins. 


Sur.). ILLINOIS - Numerous on 0-20 percent of corn tassels in eastern section, 
lighter in northern and western corn fields. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Severe in 
field corn in 3 northwestern counties. (Neiswander). NEBRASKA - Light in corn 
and sorghum in eastern third of State. (Andersen, Roselle). OKLAHOMA - Light 
in sorghum, eastern and northeastern counties. (Coppock). WISCONSIN - In corn 


beginning to tassel. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Damaged late spring barley in 
several counties. Effectively controlled by lady beetles and damsel bugs in 
many fields where barley is well headed out. (Knowlton). 


A GRASS MITE (Oligonychus stickneyi) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy on field corn 
in Valencia, Bernalillo, Sandoval, Dona Ana and Socorro Counties, and light to 
extremely heavy on sweet corn in the first four named counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


670 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NEBRASKA - Survey continued. Present 
data indicates heaviest infestation since 1952. If weather conditions 
continue favorable for development, there is an even chance of an outbreak 
this year. (Andersen). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - UTAH - Common on alfalfa 
throughout State, but rarely conspicuously damaging. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - 
Averaged 12 per 100 sweeps in southeastern portion of State. (Andersen). 
WYOMING - Adults numerous in several alfalfa fields in Worland area, Washakie 
County. No damage noted. (Davison). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WYOMING - Caused minor damage to second- 
cutting alfalfa, Goshen and Lincoln Counties. (Davison). SOUTH DAKOTA - 
Averaged 26 adults and 81 larvae per 100 sweeps in scattered alfalfa fields 
throughout Black Hills area. Heavy leaf damage in some places. (Hantsbarger). 
MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae on sSecond-cutting alfalfa in Barnstable County. Now 
in all counties in State. (Wheeler). 


BLISTER BEETLES - NEBRASKA - Epicauta sp., E. fabricii. and E. pennsylvanica 
averaged 14 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast part of State. (Andersen). 
DELAWARE - Epicauta sp. fairly common on soybeans, eastern Kent County. 


(MacCreary, Conrad). 


CLOVER APHID ( Anuraphis bakeri) - IDAHO - Appeared in all red clover seed 
fields in southwest section, but no heavy infestations noted. (Waters). 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MASSACHUSETTS - Averaged 7 larvae 
and 8 pupae per square foot in alfalfa. (Lavigne). 


CUTWORMS (probably Feltia sp.) - LOUISIANA - Heavy but spotty in alsike 
clover and Bahia grass pastures in St. Tammany Parish. (Spink). 


FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - IDAHO - Locally abundant in alfalfa and 
grasses in Blaine and Franklin Counties. (Eakin, Johnson, Smith). 

UTAH - Vast numbers near Manti, Sanpete County, and at Laketown, Rich 
County. (Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on weed hosts in Wheeler Ridge area, 
Kern County, adjacent to truck crops and cotton. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 

WYOMING - Some damage to tips of alfalfa in Douglas area, Converse County. 
(Davison). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - NEBRASKA - Light in alfalfa and soybeans 
in southeast section, 9 per 100 Sweeps in alfalfa. (Andersen). DELAWARE - 
Common on alfalfa and red clover in one area of New Castle County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - DELAWARE - L. lineolaris common to prevalent on 
alfalfa and red clover statewide. (MacCreary, Conrad). MISSOURI - Nymphs 
of L. lineolaris very numerous on alfalfa over northeast area, 2-14 per 
sweep. (Kyd, Thomas). IDAHO - Mostly L. hesperus and L. elisus averaged 
2-8 per sweep in many alfalfa seed fields in Canyon County. (Waters). 
WASHINGTON - Nymphs light in alfalfa grown for seed at Brownstown, Yakima 
County. (Landis). UTAH - Abundant in some first-crop alfalfa seed fields, 
Duchesne and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - L. elisus and L. hesperus 
averaged 100-200 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa seed fields in Mesa County, and 
200 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa hay fields, Mesa, Delta and Garfield Counties. 
(Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - L. hesperus and L. elisus heavy in most alfalfa 
fields in southern half of State and caused damage in Dona Ana, Eddy, Chaves 
and Quay Counties where no controls were applied. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


671 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Relatively light in 
alfalfa. (Wheeler). DELAWARE - Nymphs and adults rather heavy in alfalfa 

in some areas. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Averaged 6 per sweep on 
over-grown alfalfa, Frederick and Howard Counties. Some damage. (U. Md., Ent. 
Dept.). MICHIGAN - Adults scarce in alfalfa and potato fields in all areas 
sampled. (Hutson). MISSOURI - Some slight yellowing of alfalfa occurred 
over northeast area. Averaged 1-7 per sweep. (Kyd, Thomas). 


PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Injured legumes in Polk and 
Yamhill Counties. In combination with Diabrotica undecimpunctata, caused 
considerable damage where not controlled. (Dickason, Every). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on clover 
and trefoil pastures in Dixon area, Solano County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 

COLORADO - Light trap collections indicate very slight or very little increase. 
(Exp. Sta.). 


SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - NEW MEXICO - Medium in alfalfa seed fields 
in Eddy County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Heavy migration to crops 
throughout Salt Lake and eastern Tooele Counties. Noticeably reduced wheat 
yields in some Emery County fields. (Knowlton). 


PLANT BUGS (Adelphocoris spp.) - DELAWARE - A. lineolatus and A. rapidus 
prevalent in alfalfa in some areas. (MacCreary, Conrad). a 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEW MEXICO - Light with 
occasional heavy spotty infestations in alfalfa in Socorro, Dona Ana, Eddy 
and Chaves Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Averaged 250 per 100 
sweeps in Baca County, 15-150 in Prowers County, 5 in Bent County, 4-120 

in Otero County, O in Pueblo and Weld Counties, July 19. None taken in 
Garfield, Delta and Montrose Counties to July 18. (Exp. Sta.). OKLAHOMA - 
Increased in a few alfalfa fields in east central counties; however, over-all 
picture there and in northeast section remains light to very light. (Coppock). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MARYLAND - Caused injury to second-cutting 
alfalfa, Frederick County. Some control applied, numbers now few. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). MINNESOTA —- Populations in alfalfa lower. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - Up to 100 per sweep in some alfalfa fields in western areas. 
Predators abundant and reducing populations. (Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - 
Extremely low in northeast and southeast sections in comparison to former 
weeks. (Andersen, Roselle). OKLAHOMA - Increased in some east central area 
alfalfa fields, up to 50 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). IDAHO - Gradually 
building up in alfalfa seed fields in Canyon and Owyhee Counties, with up 
to 40 per sweep in many Canyon County fields. (Waters). UTAH - Building 
up to threatening numbers in Several areas of State. Control applied ina 
number of Millard and Weber County fields, required in parts of other 
counties. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Averaged 50-100 per 100 sweeps in several 
counties, with 100-200 per 100 sweeps in river bottom fields. (Exp. Sta.). 


CHINCH BUGS - ALABAMA - Blissus leucopterus insularis heavy in St. Augustine 
grass lawns in Escambia County. (Grimes, July 11). GEORGIA - Blissus sp. 
infesting lawns in Lowndes County. (Johnson). 


WEEVILS - CALIFORNIA - Apion proclive medium on alfalfa and cotton in 
Bakersfield area, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Anacentrinus 
deplanatus infesting 25-100 percent of sugarcane plants in McLennan County. 


(Randolph) . 


672 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Second-generation 
moths emerging in Payne and Caddo Counties. Second-generation larvae damaged 
12-16 percent of peanut shoots in same areas. (Coppock). 


LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Medium on peanuts 
in Frio County. (Harding). 


THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in most alfalfa seed fields in Eddy County. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Damage to peanuts light in Payne and Caddo 
Counties. (Walton). 


WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) - OREGON - Large 
numbers in alfalfa fields in Polk and Yamhill Counties. In combination with 
Sitona lineata, caused considerable damage where not controlled. (Dickason, 


Every) . 


WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Light damage to few alfalfa fields, 
Muskogee and Tulsa Counties; however, counts being reduced, with 2-16 per 
10 sweeps. (Coppock). MISSOURI - Caused serious injury to soybeans, cotton 
and other crops in southeastern counties. (Kyd, Thomas). COLORADO - L. 
commixtalis larvae averaged 2-3 per alfalfa crown in Wellington area, _ 
Larimer County, with noticeable damage. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - L. sticticalis 
caused local injury to alfalfa in some Emery, Duchesne, Carbon and Uintah 
County fields. (Knowlton). 


SPIDER MITES - IDAHO - Tetranychus spp. becoming serious in some untreated 
red clover and alfalfa seed fields in southwest section. (Waters). 


SPITTLEBUGS - WISCONSIN - Large numbers of adults in many alfalfa fields. 
(Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Heavy on 
alfalfa in Burleson County. (Randolph). LOUISIANA - Averaged 118 per 25 
sweeps in 4 alfalfa fields', Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). 
OKLAHOMA - Common in alfalfa throughout State. (Coppock). 


A COTTONY GRASS SCALE - SOUTH DAKOTA - Reported on wheatgrass from many western 
areas. (Hantsbarger). 


673 


FRUIT INSECTS 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Adults very spotty in occurrence. 
(Hutson). MASSACHUSETTS - Adults easily found in orchards. (Wheeler). NEW 

YORK - Probable peak of emergence occurred July 24 in eastern area. Numbers 
increasing in Monroe County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Traps indicating 
presence in southern orchards. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Damage appear- 

ing. Emmergence continues and protection still needed in all areas. (Minn. 

Ins. Rpt.). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) = MICHIGAN - Indications peak summer brood 
population will be late by 10 days. Spring brood has not emerged normally. 
(Hutson). MARYLAND - First-brood emergence extended at Hancock, no second-brood 
larvae. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MASSACHUSETTS - Second-brood entries in late 

and early orchards. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in unsprayed 
apples but generally light in sprayed orchards. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). INDIANA - 
Second-brood entries very light in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). 


ORCHARD MITES - MARYLAND - Tetranychus telaris and Panonychus ulmi increasing 
on apple at Hancock, some bronzing. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OHIO — T. telarius 
declining on peaches at Wooster but P. ulmi increasing. (Rings). NEW MEXICO - 
T. mcdanieli heavy in untreated orchards. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEW YORK - 
Heavy infestations of red mites on some varieties of apples in Orleans County. 
(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). INDIANA - P. ulmi has built up in past 10 days in spite of 
rain in Vincennes area. T. telarius also increased and warrants control in some 
orchards. (Hamilton). NEW JERSEY -— P. ulmi numerous in some orchards. (Ins. 
Dis. Newsl.). CALIFORNIA - Moderate infestation of peaches in areas of Yuba ana 
Sutter Counties. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - OHIO - First adults of summer brood 
emerged July 21. Larval emergence from drop fruits completed. (Rings). 

GEORGIA - Second-generation larvae appeared in harvested peaches at Fort Valley, 
July 18. (Snapp). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - OHIO - Second-brood larvae 
about half grown in Columbus and Wooster areas. Damaging plum where fruit 
clustered in Clyde area. (Rings). MASSACHUSETTS - Second-brood larvae found 
July 21. (Wheeler). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - OHIO - Second-brood larvae maturing, 
no pupation in Wayne County. (Rings). INDIANA - Bait trap captures indicate 
that second-brood adults were emerging between July 18-21 in Vincennes area. 
(Hamilton). 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - MICHIGAN - Reports from several areas. (Hutson). 
MARYLAND - Heavy at Hancock but no damage. Parasites effective. GUL Md Enite 
Dept.). MASSACHUSETTS - Remains problem in some blocks because of succulent 
growth. (Wheeler). NEW YORK - Building up in Wayne and Oswego Counties. (N. Y. 
Wkly. Rpt.). NEW JERSEY - Numerous inside of trees in southern counties. (Ins. 
Dis. Newsl.). 


PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - CALIFORNIA - Generally light to heavy on cherry 
trees in Mount Shasta area of Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - IDAHO - Light 
infestation, about 1 percent, in cherries at Emmett, first record for Gem County. 
(Scott). CALIFORNIA - Incipient infestation on cherries on a property in 
Weitchpec, Humboldt County. First larval record for county. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN APPLE SAWFLY (Hoplocampa testudinea) - MASSACHUSETTS - Reported from new 
areas of Middlesex County. (Wheeler). 


674 


PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - OREGON - More abundant than usual in Willamette 
Valley. Growers report control more difficult this season. (Every). 
WASHINGTON - Adults of third generation at peak at Wenatchee. (Kelly). 


APPLE AND THORN SKELETONIZER (Anthophila pariana) - INDIANA - Extensive damage 
to unsprayed apples and ornamental crabapples in Fort Wayne area, July 21. 
(Lehker) . 


SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy, spotty infestations 
on apples in Sandoval County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) — OKLAHOMA - Severe defoliation to nat-— 
ive pecans in some counties. Now pupated. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy on pecans 
in Mason County. (Garrett). 


RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) -— CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on 
English walnut in Visalia area, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on citrus in 
Orland, Glenn County. (Cal. Goop. Rpt.). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on tomatoes in San Joaquin, 
Sacramento, Sutter, Yuba and Yolo Counties, and heavy on sugar beets in Colusa 
area, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.,». 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - IDAHO - Summer brood maturing rapidly. 
(T.F.F.S.). COLORADO - Curly top of concern, particularly in tomatoes in 
western and eastern counties. July 19 report on situation in sugar beets 
indicates epidemic season. (Exp. Sta.). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Scattered infestations 
in sugar beets in Red River Valley. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). IDAHO - Total of 
205 adults in one light trap at Parma, July 16. (Waters). 


APHIDS - MAINE - Potato-infesting aphids on untreated plantings in Presque Isle 
area continue to increase rapidly although populations are still small. 
(Shands). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - WASHINGTON - Damaged 
potatoes at Othello. (Brannon). More widespread in Yakima Valley and 
Columbia Basin, but damage less severe than in 1957. (Dailey). DELAWARE - 
Very heavy feeding on planting of potatoes and tomatoes in some areas. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Adults running trom 0-5 
per sweep on potatoes. Yellows Symptoms appearing in potatoes and tomatoes. 
(Exp. Sta.). WYOMING - One adult per 100 sweeps on martrimonyvine in 

Rock Springs area. (Davison). 


TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) - CALIFORNIA - Generally moderate 
to heavy on tomatoes in San Joaquin, Sacramento, Sutter, Yuba and Yolo Counties. 
Control necessary in some locations. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Light to medium on chili in Sandoval 
and Valencta Counties. Adults numerous in Sandoval County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


675 


A TORTOISE BEETLE (Plagiometriona diversicollis) - NEW MEXICO - Light to 
moderate and caused spotty damage to chili in Sandoval, Valencia and Grant 
Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - MICHIGAN - Reported on beans at Midland, Owosso, 
Bay City and Pigeon. (Hutson). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - Adults and larvae 
feeding commonly on many lima and Snap bean plantings throughout Sussex 
County. (MacCreary, Conrad). COLORADO - Hatching in Mesa County, controls 
applied. Light in Montrose County. (Exp. Sta.). NEW YORK - Abundant in 
Erie County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WASHINGTON - Light on dry 
beans, generally restricted South and west of Quincy. (Landis). 


CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on turnips at Richmond, 
Contra Costa County. al. Coop. Rpt.). MASSACHUSETTS - Second brood has 
caused noticeable damage. (Wheeler). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - Small larvae on peppers, 
southwestern Sussex and northern Kent Counties, common on peppers central 
Sussex County. Common on late potatoes and on cabbage, eastern Kent County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). MASSACHUSETTS - Building up. (Wheeler). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Heavy on young cabbage in 
Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad) . 


BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - IDAHO - Becoming troublesome on onions 
in Canyon County. (Scott). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - MASSACHUSETTS - Damage heaviest in 10 years 
on "sets" being harvested. (Wheeler). 


ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - IDAHO - Economic numbers on many southwestern 
onion fields. (Gittins). NEW MEXICO - Very heavy on onions in Sandoval County. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


' JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Prevalent on asparagus 
ferns in some areas. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - DELAWARE - Prevalent in pumpkin- 
squash flowers, north central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


TOBACCO THRIPS (Frankliniella fusca) - MICHIGAN - Very numerous and caused 
damage on some fields of picKling cucumbers at Shelby, Holland and Manistee. 
(Hutson). 


WESTERN STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma trivittata) - OREGON - In a small 
planting of squash and cucumbers in Corvallis. Last seen in the Willamette 
Valley in 1947. (Crowell). NEW MEXICO - This species and Diabrotica sp. 
medium to heavy on cantaloup, squash and cucumbers in Socorro, Valencia and 
Sandoval Counties. (N. M. Coop Rpt.). 


GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - INDIANA - Adults in large numbers 
moved into southwestern watermelon and muskmelon fields, with extensive 
losses in some fields. (Gould, July 14). 


MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - MICHIGAN - On melons at Stevensville and on 
melons and cucumbers at Bay City. (Hutson). DELAWARE - Small colonies forming 
on peppers in southwestern Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


676 


STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana frageriae) - WASHINGTON - Damaged 
strawberries in Thurston and Cowlitz Counties. (Brannon). 


A LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - MICHIGAN - Defoliated mint in localized areas 
about Stockbridge and Jonesville. (Hutson). 


SLUGS - MASSACHUSETTS - More abundant than usual. (Wheeler). 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Increasing on tobacco 
but not of economic importance to date in Granville County. (Chamberlin). 
VIRGINIA -— Probably this species, medium and attacking top tender leaves of 
tobacco on several farms in Nottoway County (Cassell). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Increasing in north and north 
central areas. Counts ranged 2-50 percent in 44 fields. May be serious 
problem in the area if same weather conditions continue. (Grimes). 

GEORGIA - Square counts in 34 fields in middle and southern areas ranged 

6-81 percent with average of 35 percent punctured squares. (Johnson). Large 
increase of first-generation weevils in many fields of south Georgia. 

(Jordan). ARKANSAS - First-generation weevils continue to emerge, peak 
occurred in most areas of State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Infestations 
ranged 2-4 percent punctured squares in 21 of 620 fields scouted. All 
infested fields were in Dunklin County. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Activity 
increased over previous week in areas where fruiting is still taking place. 
Heavy damage noted in untreated fields. (Gaines). TENNESSEE - Survey 
concentrated on known infested fields in southern counties, due to weather. 
Punctured squares averaged 5 percent in these fields, compared with 

22 percent for 1957. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Remained light generally in 

greater portion of cotton acreage planted late. Increased in the older cotton. 
Light first-brood infestations appearing in late-planted cotton. (Smith et al). 
MISSISSIPPI - General field infestations ranged O-7 percent. Some localized 
areas in field corners and edges had 30 percent infestations. (Smith et al.). 
NORTH CAROLINA - Large numbers in few fields. Slow buildup in some lower 
Piedmont counties. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Increasing rapidly. 
First generation ovipositing freely. Square infestations as high as 75 percent 
in Florence area. Less than one percent infestation in 82 fields with 

proper control in Darlington County, with up to 18 percent in scattered 
locations. (Fye et al.). Puncture damage serious in some areas from emerging 
first generation. Infestations as high as 55-70 percent in untreated fields 
in some counties. Weevils present in all counties, greatest in Coastal Plain 
area. (Cott. Lett.). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp et al.) - ARIZONA - Increasing in Pima County. An 
increase in eggs in many fields. Treatment applied. (Bottger, Kauffman, 
Sheets). NEW MEXICO - Medium, spotty infestations in Eddy County. Generally 
light with few medium infestations in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. Eggs and 
larvae light in Otero and Socorro Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). GEORGIA - 
Eggs averaged 15 per 100 terminals in 34 fields in middle and southern 

areas, larvae averaged 8 per 100 terminals. (Johnson). Worst bollworm 
infestation on record in Georgia continues to cause severe damage. (Jordan). 


677 


ALABAMA - Infestations in Winston, Colbert, Lauderdale and Madison Counties 
ranged 2-15 percent. (Ruffin, July 21). Infestations in north and north 
central areas lighter than last week. Damage ranged 0-40 per 100 terminals. 
(Grimes). ARKANSAS - Moths continue to emerge in numbers. Egg and larval 
counts increasing rapidly in many fields. Eggs and larvae found in both 
treated and untreated fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Generally light 
in Caddo and Tillman Counties, less than 10 percent in fields checked. 
(Stoner). MISSOURI - Egg counts increased slightly but larval counts remained 
steady and low. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Main problem in cotton at present, 
especially in east, central, north central and northeast areas. (Gaines). 
TENNESSEE - General, heavier in fields controlled for boll weevil but did not 
have proper bollworm control added. Predator control evidently good in most 
fields. Feeding in many fields, but no larvae found. Infestations light. 
(Locke). LOUISIANA - Infestation averaged 5 percent in 108 of 109 fields 
examined in Madison Parish. Eggs averaged 6.49 and larvae 1.70 per 100 
terminals examined in 53 fields. Eggs were found in 52 of the fields and 
larvae in 45. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Few larvae and eggs on cotton 
in delta counties. Moth catches remained low. Very little activity for 

this time of year. (Merkl et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - Caused extensive damage 
to squares and young bolls in certain fields in lower southeast part of State. 
Five to ten injured squares per 100 examined in Scotland County. Not serious 
threat in central and northern counties at present. (Cott. News Lett.). 

SOUTH CAROLINA - Remains number one cotton pest in-most of State. Damage is 
statewide, with 35-50 percent of squares and young bolls damaged in fields 
where control can not be applied at 3-day intervals. (Cott. Lett.). Caused 
great deal of damage in Florence area, but appears on decline, probably due 
to pupation. Light trap catches declined slightly. (Fye et al.). 


APHIDS - GEORGIA - Light on cotton in 9 counties. (Johnson). Building up to 
damaging numbers in some fields. (Jordan). ALABAMA - Aphis gossypii extremely 
light in northern area. (Grimes). ARKANSAS - Populations static. Low in 
many fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Caused light damage. (Gaines). 
TENNESSEE - Slight increase, damage very light. Heaviest in treated fields. 
(Locke). LOUISIANA - Averaged 1.33 per square inch in 32 of 35 fields 
examined. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - General over delta counties, control 
required in many fields. (Merkl et al.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous but 
scattered. Could become major problem with proper climatic conditions. 

(Fye et al.). Buildup continued in fields where no controls were applied. 
(Cott. Lett.). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - LOUISIANA - Light on cotton in East 
Baton Rouge Parish. (Spi : 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ALABAMA - A limited number of 
larvae boring in cotton stalks in Madison County. First time this situation 
observed in Alabama this year. (Grimes). 


FLEAHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Psallus seriatus generally light in southwest. 
(Stoner). MISSOURI - Increased, along with Lygus spp., with 1-20 adults and 
nymphs per 100 terminals in 566 of 620 fields scouted. (Kyd, Thomas). 

TEXAS - Populations remained high in north central and northeast areas. 
(Gaines). LOUISIANA - Few observed in fields examined. (Smith et al.). 
MISSISSIPPI - Light generally over delta counties. (Merkl et al.). 


GARDEN WEBWORMS - ARKANSAS - Damaging cotton in several areas. Young cotton 
susceptible to damage but very few fields of old cotton have many larvae. 

(Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Light to heavy spots developed in fields 
scattered over much of cotton growing area. Controls applied in several areas. 
(Kyd, Thomas). 


678 


LOOPERS - ARIZONA - Heavy in Maricopa and Pinal Counties, populations 
increasing in Pima County. At least 50 percent of larvae in some fields 
near Eloy affected with a virus. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 

NEW MEXICO - Trichoplusia ni general but light in Eddy and Socorro Counties. 
Medium spotty infestations in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 

GEORGIA - Continue light. (Johnson). TEXAS - Caused light damage. (Gaines). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - ARIZONA - Populations increased in the Salt River 
Valley. Many fields averaged 15 and some as high as 25 per 100 sweeps. 
(Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). NEW MEXICO - L. elisus and L. hesperus light 

to heavy in Sierra, Socorro, Dona Ana and Luna Counties. Light in most fields 
in Eddy County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Caused light damage. (Gaines). 
TENNESSEE - No increase in most fields, damage light. Control very effective. 
(Locke). LOUISIANA —- Nymphs in many fields examined. Adults in some 
untreated fields. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - L. lineolaris light to heavy 
in delta counties. Control difficult where heavy. (Merk et al.). 


SNOWY TREE CRICKET (Oecanthus niveus) - OKLAHOMA - Populations in southwestern 
area sharply decreased over past 2 weeks. Cotton lodged due to oviposition 
now about 3 percent in fields where highest populations were found. (Stoner). 


SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Continue to cause trouble in localized areas despite 
rain. Could cause serious damage to cotton in Randolph County if not 
controlled. (Grimes). GEORGIA - Light to moderate on cotton in 11 counties, 
heavy in Cook, Tift, Grady and Colquitt Counties. (Johnson). ARKANSAS - 
Populations on increase. Few fields with general infestation but many with 
spots where mites extremely heavy. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Light to 
heavy in 247 of 620 fields scouted. Increase in number of infested fields 

as well as spread over other infested fields. (Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Caused 
light damage. (Gaines). TENNESSEE - Becoming serious in many western fields. 
Defoliation in some heavier spots. Becoming heavy in fields not treated this 
season. Infestations are unusual this year as buildup usually occurs during 
hot and dry weather. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Averaged .89 per square inch in 
one field examined, Madison Parish. Infestations developing mainly where 
chlorinated materials were used for control. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - 
General over delta counties with controls required in many fields. (Merkl 

et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - In a few localized spots in a few fields, Greene, 
Wayne, Sampson and Harnett Counties. (Cott. News Lett.). 


STINK BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Chlorochroa sayi and C. ligata heavy and spotty 
in Sierra County, medium to heavy and spotty in Dona Ana, Eddy and Chaves 
Counties. General, medium to heavy in Luna County and light to moderate 
damage in Otero and Socorro Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


THRIPS - TEXAS - Light in north and south plains areas, and on late cotton 
in north central and northeast areas. (Gaines). 


679 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MINNESOTA —- Heavy defoliation in 
balsam stands in an area extending from the Canadian border south to a line 
through Lake Vermillion, west to a line from International Falls to Pelican 

Lake and east to Lake Saganaga. Another pocket of heavy defoliation in Cascade 
area along Lake Superior from Tofte to Good Harbor and to a line west of the 
Sawhill trail. An area of light defoliation extends around the heavy one. Some 
areas defoliated repeatedly for several years may expect tree mortality this 
year. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - WISCONSIN - First adult emergence 
in northwestern area, July I7 and well under way in northeastern sections where 
heavy infestations exist in Oconto, Marinette, Oneida and Vilas Counties. 

Control planned for Oconto County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


APHIDS -—- IDAHO —Troublesome on ornamental and shade trees in the Twin Falls 
area. (T. F. F. S.). MASSACHUSETTS - Pineus strobi causing much concern. 
(Wheeler). MINNESOTA - P. strobi on Scotch pine in Milaca area. (Minn. Ins. 
Rpt.). MAINE - Myzus cerasi very abundant on wild cherry at Presque Isle. 
(Shands, July 19). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - DELAWARE - Very common on trees and shrubs 
in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


PALE TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota tessellaris) - DELAWARE - Larvae common on 
sycamores in northern Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


LACEBUGS — WEST VIRGINIA - Corythucha ciliata moderate on sycamore, statewide. 
(W. Va. Ins. Sur.). MINNESOTA — Lacebugs, probably Corythucha arcuata, dis- 
coloring oak foliage in Minneapolis-St. Cloud areas. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


LOCUST LEAF ROLLER (Nephopteryx subcaesiella) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on honeylocust 
in Blacksburg. Det. W. G. Evans. ( Michael). 


WALKINGSTICK (Diapheromera femorata) - MARYLAND - Nymphs in small numbers on 
oaks on Polish Mountain, Allegany County. _(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


SOLITARY OAK LEAF MINER (Cameraria hamadryadella) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting 
an oak wooded area in Caddo Parish. (Spink). 


LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - WEST VIRGINIA — Moderate to heavy on 
black locust in northern half of State. ( W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


ELM BARK BEETLES - WISCONSIN - First cases of Dutch elm disease found in Dane 
and Green Counties. Scolytus multistriatus reported for first time in Calumet 
County and Hylurgopinus rufipes reported for first time in Calumet and Dodge 
Counties. is. Coop. sur. 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - MASSACHUSETTS - Damage very notice- 
able in some eastern and central towns. (Wheeler). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations 
from several areas of State during mid-July. (Grimes). OREGON - Second gen-— 
eration appearing in Corvallis area. Infestation heavier than normal. (Every). 
IDAHO - Adults of second generation emerging in great numbers in Canyon County. 
(Waters). 


MITES -— DELAWARE - Oligonychus bicolor conspicuous on willow oaks in New Castle 
County. (MacCreary, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Eriophyid mites heavily infesting 
leaves of scattered elms in Stillwater area. (Apt). NEW JERSEY - Oligonychus 
ilicis and Tetranychus telarius causing damage in nurseries. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 
NORTH DAKOTA - Spider mites heavy in spruce, juniper and pine in northwestern 
area where drought conditions have prevailed most of season. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


680 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - DELAWARE - Feeding heavily on syca- 
mores in New Castle and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - 
Heavy infestations on ornamental evergreens in Anne Arundel, Prince Georges, 
Charles and Allegany Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WEST VIRGINIA - More 
numerous on various hosts than in 1957 in Harrison County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


SCALE INSECTS - PENNSYLVANIA - Unaspis euonymi in very heavy infestations on 
bittersweet at Centre and Westmoreland Counties. (Udine). WYOMING - Lecanium 
nigrofasciatum abundant on elms and ash at Worland. (Davison). 


GALL MIDGES - UTAH - Itonidid larvae destroying pits of 40-85 percent of choke- 
cherries in northern Utah. (Knowlton). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MASSACHUSETTS - More numerous than ever 
before. Abundant in Worcester area and at Amherst. Serious damage in gardens. 
Has been the number one garden and household pest for several weeks. (Wheeler). 
IDAHO - Heavy in many areas of State. (Gittins). 


GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - INDIANA - Damaging flowers 10 miles north 
of Lafayette. They seldom appear in destructive numbers this far north. 
(Lehker) . 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES - NORTH DAKOTA - High populations continue troublesome in many areas. 
(N. D. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Heavy populations of Aedes sticticus and A. 
trivittatus in Rusk and Bayfield Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). rp 


A TABANID (Tabanus sonomensis) - UTAH - Very troublesome in Randolph-Woodruff 
fields and over Rich County. (Knowlton). 


FLIES - WISCONSIN - In a total of 173 barns checked in 15 counties over the State 
during the week ending July 19, populations and activity of horn, stable, horse 
and deer flies increased to large extent. Also higher percentage of barns had 
fly problems. Stampeding of cattle caused by heel flies increased. (Wis. Coop. 
Sur.). 


SAND FLIES - IDAHO - Common in areas along upper reaches of North Fork of the 
Clearwater drainage. Considerable annoyance to sportsmen in these areas. 
(Gittins). 


A MIDGE (Tendipes plumosus) - WISCONSIN - First major emergence began July 18, 
with heavy emergence July 19. Lake Winnebago area. Extremely annoying to 
residents in the area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


A WASP (Vespula arenaria) — RHODE ISLAND - Multiple stings isuvolved in death 
of 66-year old man, July 16. Struck nest while pruning hedge, East Greenwich. 
(Mathewson) . ° 


FLEAS - NEW JERSEY - Number of complaints received. Several collections 
identified as Ctenocephalides felis. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). NORTH CAROLINA - 
C. felis received from Sampson County and reported from Lenoir, Craven and 
Wake Counties. (Ashton). 


BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) - TEXAS - Biting and causing serious 
pain to residents in McLennan and Colorado Counties. (Hawkins). 


AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor variabilis) - MASSACHUSETTS - More numerous 
and widespread than ever before. (Wheeler). 


681 


CHIGGERS - WISCONSIN - Abundant in bluffs of southwestern Grant County. (Wis. 
Coop. Sur.). 


LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant in 
chicken manure in Schuylkill County. Third report for this year. (Menusan). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous in stored rye at 
Clearfield. (Gesell). 


FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Laemophloeus pusillus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous in stored 
rye at Clearfield. (Gesell). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - NEBRASKA - Lady beetles, lacewings, Orius spp. and Geocoris spp. 
in abundance in most areas. (Andersen, Roselle). MINNESOTA - Lady beetles 
increased in all districts and have reduced aphid numbers. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 
RHODE ISLAND —- Syrphid adults numerous in alfalfa fields, pea aphid populations 
negligibie, in Kingston area. (Hansen). OKLAHOMA - Collops spp. common in 
Creek County alfalfa, 6-10 adults per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). MAINE - Many 

lady beetle eggs present in oats, Presque Isle. Syrphid fly eggs and larvae 
also abundant. (Shands, July 11). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - INDIANA - Some increase in heavily infested 
area of Newton County, but much less than in 1957. Two traps with one beetle 
caught July 3-11, had 10 beetles July 18-25. Adults still scarce. (Gould). 
RHODE ISLAND - Adults locally abundant in Narragansett area. (Hansen). 
MASSACHUSETTS - About 10-14 days late, lighter in areas hit by. drought in 1957. 
(Wheeler). NEW JERSEY - Very abundant in some areas. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 
DELAWARE - Prevalent in a few soybean fields, New Castle County. No increase 
generally throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). WEST VIRGINIA - Light to 
heavy on various hosts. Fewer beetles generally in eastern panhandle. Heavy 

in Webster, Wood and Roane Counties. New infestations in Mason, Jackson, Monroe 
and Fayette Counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). NEW YROK - Extremely light on orna- 
mentals in Suffolk County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


ARGENTINE ANT (Iridomyrmex humilis) - FLORIDA - Adults abundant at Salt Springs, 
Marion County. Not observed here previously. Det. L. A. Hetrick. (Fla. Coop. 
Sur.) . 


STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - INDIANA - Three reports of homes 
being invaded in northern part of State. (Lehker, July 15). 


CORRECTION 


CEIR 8(30):658. Under SCALE INSECTS, PENNSYLVANIA, change to read: Pulvinaria 
innumerabilis severe on maple etc. 


682 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


WEST VIRGINIA - EUROPEAN CORN BORER light to moderate, 15 per 100 stalks, in 
sweet corn, Ohio, Hancock and Brooke Counties. QWetVaw  Inss 2Suri)y. 


NEW YORK - CORN EARWORM mostly pupated in Hudson Valley sweet corn, little sign 
of emergence. No adults in Nassau County light trap. Harvested corn in Hudson 
Valley shows low incidence of damage, most of which is EUROPEAN CORN BORER. 
ARMYWORM moths abundant in light trap but scarce on corn, in Hudson Valley, and 
very heavy in Nassau County light trap. CORN FLEA BEETLE abundant in unsprayed 
Hudson Valley corn. CORN LEAF APHID increased, may require control. (N. Y. Wkly. 
Rpt .):: 


MISSISSIPPI - AMBROSIA BEETLES (Platypus compositus) caused considerable damage 
in Lamar County. Required treatment of timber at mills and yards. Several mature 


NANTUCKET PINE MOTH larvae and adults infested branches, no earlier stages found. 
Various species of CATOCALA adults reported in light traps and at lights. (Hutchins). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis 
unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta gquing. zea vires. 
ALABAMA 
Crossville 7/9, 14, 16 138 3 1 NEWS 220 
ARKANSAS 
Fayetteville 7/17-23 49 64 26 i? 
Hope 7/17-23 5 32 
Kelso 7/17-23 2 4 
Morrilton 7/17-23 23 13 49 
Stuttgart 7/10-23 28 4 23 
FLORIDA 
Gainesville 7/16-22 2 4 
Quincy 7/8-21 19 28 31 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 7/18-24 642 8 230 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 7/16 52 al 3 
Tippecanoe 7/15-22 8007 76 3464 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 7/18-24 9 uf 102 1 44 
Curtis) 7/21 ,23 43 4 13 119 
Franklin 7/21,23 2 30 
MAINE 
Orono 7/20-26 5 
Presque Isle 7/13-26 4 
MARYLAND 
Delmar 7/15-21 43 9 8 33Spp. 6 
MISSISSIPPI 
Grenada 7/14-19 4 1 4 4 
Senatobia 7/19-24 2 4 
*State College 7/19-25 184 10 226 1 34 2 
*Stonevilkle 7/18-24 55 23 84 1 6 92 


* Two Traps - State College; 4.traps - Stoneville. 


683 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued 


Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis 
unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quing. zea vires. 
NEBRASKA 
Alliance 7/8-13 541 61 2 2 1 
Kearney 7/8-13 3 
Lincoln 7/12-18 3155 234 85 26 
North Platte 7/11-17 4674 50 1168 5 33 42 2 
Scotts Bluff 7/15-21 570 143 2 
NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 7/24 141 10 46 88spp. 8 
Faison 7/24 25 2 99 15 10 iL 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 7/21-27 5 5 115 i 4 9 2 
Clemson 7/19-25 313 8 173 41 30 of aul 
Florence 7/20-26 244 19 522 ial 73 14 301 219 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 
Blount 7/15-21 240 6 45 12 9 eS 9 
Cumberland 7/15-21 761 4 44 20 6 12 10 
Greene 7/15-21 932 18 194 34 4 4 8 
Maury 7/15-21 768 4 76 20 12 
Robertson 7/15-21 60 16 20 8 12 
TEXAS 
Brownsville 7/8-11 16 496 48 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - 7/15-21: *Arlington - 58; 
Beaver Dam —- 129; Fall River - 88; Gays Mills - 33; Janesville - 350; 

La Crosse = 535; Middleton - 21; Oakfield - 25; Platteville - 338; Ripon - 171; 

River Falls - 175; Rosendale - 109; Stevens Point - 5; Waterloo - 46. 


*Two traps —- Arlington. 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


volume 8 August 8, 1958 Number 32 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS heavy and damaging to some crops in area of Wyoming. Caused 
severe damage to wheat and alfalfa in Idaho. Controls still required in 
localized areas of central and north central Kansas. (p. 687). 


CORN EARWORM abundant in eastern Nebraska, moderate to heavy in Pahrump 
Valley, Nevada, and heavy throughout New Mexico. (p. 688). 


FALL ARMYWORM damaging to some grain crops in several states. (p. 688). 
CORN ROOTWORMS damaging in several areas. (p. 689). HESSIAN FLY survey in 
Nebraska and WHEAT STEM SAWFLY survey in North Dakota. (p. 690). 


LYGUS BUGS numerous in alfalfa in several western states. (p. 692). 
VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR moths taken on Eastern Shore of Virginia. (p. 693). 
ORCHARD MITE populations increasing in several areas. CODLING MOTH heavier 
than usual in some areas of California and Oregon. (p. 694). 


A WEEVIL, new to West Virginia. ROSE STEM GIRDLER in Utah apparent first 
record west of Mississippi River. (p. 698). 


BOLL WEEVIL high in untreated cotton fields in South Carolina, Georgia and 
Alabama. Caused heavy damage in Oklahoma.. (p. 698). SPIDER MITES trouble- 
some and causing damage to cotton in several areas of various cotton-growing 
states. (p. 699). 


MOSQUITOES abundant and causing considerable annoyance in several states. 
(p. 701). 


A new species of SCALE reported from Oklahoma for first time. (p. 703). 


ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 707). CORRECTIONS. (p. 708). 


FEA AC 2 2 2 2 E22 2 2g 2 C2 2 2 2 2 2K 2 aC a OK 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 1, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 686 - 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 


AUGUST 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for August calls for temperatures to 

average below seasonal normals over the northeast quarter of the nation. Above 
normal temperatures are predicted in the South Atlantic States and over the 
western half of the country except for near normal over the Central and Southern 
Plateau. In the remainder of the country temperatures not far from normal are 
anticipated. Precipitation is expected to equal or exceed normal over the 
eastern half of the nation and also west of the Continental Divide. Subnormal 
amounts are indicated for the Southern Plains, and near normal for the Northern 
Plains. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", 
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through 
superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a 
half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 4 


More heavy rains and flooding featured the week's weather from the central Great 
Plains eastward through the Ohio Valley. Rains on 3 or 4 days totaled from 

2 to over 6 inches, and cloudy skies kept temperatures at below-normal levels. 
This has been the weather pattern in this areathrough most of July. Indiana 
reports the wettest July in the central and southern portions of the State since 
the beginning of statewide records in 1887, and that totals for June and July 
average 19.50 inches in the central portion of the State and 16.10 inches in 

the south, which is 4 to 6 inches more than for any other June-July period on 
record. Illinois reports the wettest June-July period in the central portion 

of the State in at least 50 years, as well as the coolest in the central and 
northern portions in at least that same period of time. Recurring floods along 
the White and Wabash Rivers in Indiana, as a result of the recent additional 
heavy rains precludes any chance for crops this year, and in some sections for 
the second consecutive year. The week's rainfall generally totaled from 1 to 
over 2 inches east of the lower Mississippi River, and flooding rains caused 
some crop damage in the Delta area of Mississippi. Soil moisture continues 
adequate to exceSSive in this area except for some dry spots in the Carolinas 
and south central Virginia. 


In the North Central Interior, light rainfall was not sufficient to satisfy 
growing crop needs in many sections. Row crops need rain in about half the 
counties of Michigan. In Wisconsin, small streams are falling in the north and 
drying up in the south. Soil moisture is generally short in northern South 
Dakota, in many areas of southern Minnesota, and in northeastern Montana. In 
the Far Southwest showers produced up to an inch of moisture in north and 
northwest Texas and 1 to 4 inches in southwestern New Mexico and southern 
Arizona. Precipitation was generally very light or did not occur at all west 
of the Continental Divide except in widely scatterea local thundershowers. 
Temperatures rose into the 90's daily in the South, in northern areas west of 
the Divide on July 28 and August 2, and in the northern Great Plains the last 3 
days of the period. Although storms were relatively few during the week, 
several hailstorms were reported in the Western States. The worst one occurred 
in Montana along the western slopes of the Continental Divide on the 27th 

and caused crop and property damage exceeding $1 million. (Summary supplied by 
the U. S. Weather Bureau.) 


- 687 - 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - DELAWARE - Dissosteira carolina feeding lightly on soybeans. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). LOUISIANA - Conocephalus fasciatus nymphs and adults 
averaged 300-350 per 100 sweeps in rice. (Spink). MINNESOTA - Generally 

low in north central and northwest districts, non-economic to light, high in 
occasional fields. Melanoplus bivittatus mostly adults in both districts with 
some fourth-instar nymphs. Continued low in west central district. Many 
Camnula pellucida females gravid in north central district, some egg laying. 
M. femur-rubrum Still hatching in some areas. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - 
M. femur-rubrum variable, generally low in southern counties. Averaged 75 
per Square yard in a Washington County field, 12 in a Dodge County field and 
30 per square yard in a Dane County field. In Jackson, Clark, Buffalo and 
Wood Counties nymphs ranged 9-27 per square yard. Weather appears to have 
favored survival of economic populations. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - 
Serious in some localized areas near Bristol in Day County, with up to 30 

per Square yard noted in some alfalfa acreage reserves. M. bivittatus dominant 
in this area. (Walstrom). KANSAS - Initial summer surveyS showed crop feeding 
species light to severe in central and north central areas, with 3-18 per 
Square yard in fields and 5-30 along field margins, fence rows and along 

weed patches. Dominant species were M. differentialis, M. bivittatus and 

M. bilituratus. About 90 percent of M. differentialis were adults and all 
three Species were mating. In some fields fungus disease had accounted for 
10-45 percent mortality. Controls still needed in localized areas. Federal- 
rancher control program in Morton County completed on total of 88,000 acres 

of rangeland. Excellent control obtained, with 20-35 per square yard reduced 
generally to less than 2 per square yard. (Matthew). MONTANA - In Stillwater 
County 33,000 acres in 2 areas were sprayed. (PPC, West. Reg., June Rpt.). 


WYOMING - Very heavy in about 15,000 acres of crop and reversion lands in Mill 
Creek area northeast of Lander, Fremont County. Much damage to hay and other 
crops. M. packardii, M. bivittatus, C. pellucida and adults and nymphs of 

M. femur-rubrum most important Species. (Davison). By June 17 a small 
percentage of many species in several areas were adult. Adults of M. femur- 
rubrum were observed about 3 weeks earlier than in 1957. Over 36,000 acres 

of Federal Lands in Fremont County were found to have economic populations. 
Heavy infestations were found bordering seeded croplands in the Riverton area. 
Approximately 400 miles of roadways and canals were sprayed in Goshen County. 
(PPC, West. Reg., June Rpt.). IDAHO - Light infestaion, predominantly 

M. bilituratus, on small rangeland area in Nez Perce area. (Gittins, Foote). 
Averaged 40-50 per square yard in field margins and 25-30 in range areas 
adjacent to crops in Midvale area, Washington County. Severe damage to wheat 
and alfalfa field margins. Up to 100 per square yard in bitterbrush plantings 
along south fork of Boise River. On approximately 20,000 acres adjacent to 
this area, M. bivittatus, M. packardii and M. bilituratus ranged 30-50 per 
square yard. Baiting is planned. Spotted throughout Camas County. Heaviest 

in grass plantings, running 35-40 per square yard. Populations mixed, with 

C. pellucida, M. bilituratus, M. bivittatus, M. packardii and Oedaleonotus 
enigma included. (Evans, Hamilton). UTAH - Largely winged adults in many 
Tocalities. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Trimerotropis spp. and some Melanoplus spp. 
in considerable numbers in Hiko area, Lincoln County. (Bechtel, Parker, 
Zoller, July 25). Nymphs and adults of Trimerotropis spp. damaged grain in 
Fish Lake Valley, Esmeralda County, although peak has passed. (Bechtel, 
Hackett, July 25). OKLAHOMA - Generally light along roadsides and on rangeland 
in eastern half of State, but considerably more numerous than in 1957. Averaged 
4-8 per square yard on rangeland and 4-12 in roadsides and margins. Mermeria spp. 
most common on rangeland with Melanoplus differentialis and M. bivittatus 
most abundant crop species. (Coppock). eh Le RieK inn taorte Der 


- 688 - 


MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - In WYOMING, another heavy band was reported 
in the Worland area. The infestation near Casper increased to an estimated 
35,000 acres. Baiting was completed on 37,509 acres in NEVADA and 7,225 

acres in MONTANA. (PPC, West. Reg., June Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Second brood emerged 
July 27 in Burlington County. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.) DELAWARE - Egg laying 
lessened on field corn, Kent County. Larvae common in ears of field corn, 
southern Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Generally low in 
Federick and Queen Annes Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Severe 
on corn in some spots in Shenandoah County, medium in others. (Coiner). 
WISCONSIN -— About 49 percent in fourth instar and 6 percent in pupal stage in 
Walworth, Rock, Green and Lafayette Counties, July 30. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
MINNESOTA - Apparently not a problem in field corn except possibly in southwest 
and south central districts. High in occasional fields in other districts, 
but generally light. Pupating in southwest and south central districts. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in Cass and Richland Counties 
showed 40 percent of plants infested with first and second-instar larvae. 

Few egg masses still present in northern Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 108 larvae per 100 plants in east central area, with 
41 percent of plants infested. Seventy-eight percent of larvae in third 
instar. (Hantsbarger). KANSAS - Light numbers being taken in light trap at 
Manhattan, indicating beginning of next brood. (Matthew). ILLINOIS - First- 
generation survey indicates 0-20 percent pupation at present. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). 
OHIO - Nearly 100 percent first-brood pupation in early planting of sweet 
corn at Marietta, July 24, but only 25 percent at a similar planting in Stark 
County July 23. No pupation in field corn in Putnam, Huron. and Sandusky 
Counties, July 29-31. (Triplehorn). MISSOURI - Second-brood egg laying light 
in central area, generally less than 10 egg masses per 100 stalks, with 45 
percent still in larval stage, 38 percent pupation and 17 percent emergence. 
(Munson, Peters). ARKANSAS - Second generation light in most corn fields. 
(Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Few eggs on corn silks in Burlington 
County. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.) DELAWARE - Small larvae heavy in ears of field 
corn, southwestern Sussex County, common in sweet corn ears elsewhere. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Medium on stalks and ears of corn in Roanoke 
County. (Allen). Heavily damaged corn blades and whorls in Patrick County, 
July 7. Det. H. W. Capps. (Rowell, Olinger). WISCONSIN - In early market 
sweet corn in southeastern Juneau County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Natural 
infestation of ears of early planted sweet corn on check plots at Marietta 
was 33.8 percent July 24. (Triplehorn). NEBRASKA - Larvae very abundant in 
sweet corn in eastern part of State, with 10 per 10-corn ear sample not 
uncommon. (Andersen). KANSAS - Generally much lighter than in previous years, 
in all corn fields examined in Clay, Marshall, Riley and Dickinson Counties. 
(Matthew). TEXAS - Averaged 2-5 per head in grain sorghums, Burleson and 
Robertson Counties. (Randolph). WYOMING - Trace of damage in corn field near 
Pine Bluffs, Laramie County. No evidence in other corn fields checked in 
Laramie, Goshen and Platte Counties. (Davison). IDAHO - No infestations in 
commercial corn fields in Caldwell, Nampa, Melba and Boise area. (Gittins, 
Foote). NEVADA - Moderate to heavy on corn in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. 
Averaged 2 per ear. (Bechtel, Zoller, July 25). OKLAHOMA - Light, general 
damage to ears of early field corn in southern and southeastern areas. Medium 
to heavy damage to late-planted corn in same areas. (Coppock). NEW MEXICO - 
Heavy on sweet corn throughout State. Caused extensive damage in untreated 
plots. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - NEW JERSEY - Large numbers in Moorestown 
area July 24. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Common in late field corn and 
stunted portions of larger field corn throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
MARYLAND - Affecting late sweet corn in Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties, 


- 689 - 


and silage corn in some areas. This is earliest heavy infestation in several 
years. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Heavy and damaged late corn in 
Goochland County (Willey), damaged silage corn in Bedford County (Morris, 
Gregory) and corn in Spotsylvania and Middlesex Counties (Morris, Kash, DeBusk) . 
Damaged rye and sorghum on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). GEORGIA - Light on 
coastal Bermuda grass, Burke and Screven Counties. (Johnson). ARKANSAS - 
Second-generation larvae on corn. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Small numbers 
in many areas. In East St. Louis area, some late corn fields had 25-50 percent 
of plants infested with 1-2 small larvae in each whorl. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). 
MISSOURI - In late corn over southern half of State, with 1-4 larvae per stalk 
in 20-53 percent of stalks in extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). 

KANSAS - Infestations found across the State. Infestations ranged 4-48 
percent in late-planted corn fields examined. Larvae in second to last instar. 
Considerable damage in a few fields. (Matthew). TEXAS - Averaged 2-3 per 
stalk on young grain sorghum in Robertson County. (Randolph). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Heavy on late maize in Milam 
County. (Moore). Averaged 25 per head on grain sorghums in Burleson and 
Robertson Counties. (Randolph). 


CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - MICHIGAN - Populations sufficient 
to spread Stewart's disease in Some plantings of corn about Benton Harbor, 
St. Joseph and South Haven. (Hutson). ILLINOIS - On sweet and field corn in 
southern half of State. Some fields of late sweet corn in East St. Louis 
area averaged 4-6 per plant. Stewart's disease evident. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). 


CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - WISCONSIN - Adults of D. longicornis in 

corn stalks in Walworth and Rock Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURT - 

D. longicornis adults continued light to heavy feeding on corn silks in 
Scattered fields over southeast and central areas. Heaviest damage in creek 
and river bottom fields, with 1-18 per silk mass. Pollination retarded in very 
few fields. (Kyd, Thomas). SOUTH DAKOTA - Two severe infestations of 
Diabrotica spp. in Charles Mix County, with one 12-acre corn field lost. 
(Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - Extensive feeding by D. longicornis, D. virgifera 
and D. undecimpunctata howardi in southeast and northeast Sections, with as 
many as 14 on a Single plant. (Andersen). KANSAS - Low numbers of D. virgifera 
in corn fields observed in Clay, Marshall and Riley Counties. Very slight 
evidence of silk feeding. Ranged 9-56 per 25 plants examined. (Matthew). 
WISCONSIN - Lodging of sweet corn due to D. longicornis damage observed in 

Dane County. Apparently responsible for heavy damage to Pierce County field 
corn in untreated acreage planted to corn several years in succession. 

(Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


SAP BEETLES - DELAWARE - Carpophilus lugubris heavy in silks and ears of field 


corn throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - General and damaged 
field and sweet corn in Isle of Wight County. (Grizzard). Heavy on sweet corn 


in several places in Stafford County. (Beck). OHIO - C. lugubris very abundant 
in ears of sweet corn at Marietta. Incidence appeared to exceed that of corn 
earworm. (Triplehorn). WISCONSIN - Abundant where corn borers are feeding 

on corn. Also reported in other locations. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Moths laying 
eggs on corn in northern most counties. Fifth-instar larvae in Woodruff 
County corn. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Increased in untreated 
cane fields, second and third generations overlapping. (Spink). TEXAS - 

Survey in 13 counties in upper coastal and south central areas showed larvae 

in grain sorghums and late corn. Exit holes in older fields of corn. (Hawkins). 


- 690 - 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Heavy on late corn in Waller and 
Harris Counties. (Hawkins). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - DELAWARE - Increased in most field 
corn throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). OHIO - Light to moderate in 
Putnam and Allen Counties, moderate to heavy in Sandusky and Huron Counties. 
Corn borer-resistant varieties continue to show striking resistance to this 
aphid. (Tripplehorn). WISCONSIN - Building up in tassels of field corn in 
southern tier of counties, but not more than 6 percent of tassels infested 
in fields observed. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Mostly on tassels, some 
observed on emerging silks. High predator populations should effect control. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NEBRASKA - Heavy in field corn in northeast section. 
(Andersen). WYOMING - Appeared in corn tassels throughout Laramie, Goshen and 
Platte Counties. Noneobservedon leaves. (Davison). WASHINGTON - Collected 
from barley with yellow dwarf virus near Pullman. Det. L. M. Russell. 
(Brannon). 


A SYRPHID (MeSogramma polita) - MISSISSIPPI - Large numbers in corn in 
Oktibbeha and adjoining counties cauSing considerable alarm among farmers. 
(Hutchins). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MINNESOTA - Threat to grains appears to 
have passed. (Minns. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Little threat to small grains 
as harvest is well underway many sections. Few small larvae feeding in 
emerging husks of corn in Columbia County July 26. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
MASSACHUSETTS - Serious infestations reported in Essex County. (Crop Pest 
Cont. Mess.). INDIANA - Flights subsiding in Tippecanoe County. (Deay). 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NEBRASKA - Partially completed survey 
of wheat in western and Southwestern counties revealed heavy infestations of 
8-32 percent in Red Willow, 6-16 in Chase, 8-30 in Keith, 2-20 in Deuel, 
4-12 in Hayes and 8-38 in Perkins Counties. Parasites, either Merisus 
destructor or Eupelmus allyni, abundant in most fields surveyed. (Andersen). 


WHEAT STEM SAWFLY (Cephus cinctus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Fourth annual survey 
completed in northwestern counties, with larvae in 0-63 percent of stems. 
Generally less severe than in previous 3 years. Heaviest in northern McLean, 
southwestern Ward and southern Mountrail Counties. Also damaging in some 
fields in Divide, Burke, Renville and Bottineau Counties. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) - LOUISIANA - Averaged 100 per 100 sweeps in 
rice. (Spink). DELAWARE - Common in alfalfa in western Kent County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). KANSAS - In all alfalfa fields surveyed in Marshall, 
Riley, Clay, Dickinson and Geary Counties, with 8-20 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). 


RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Averaged 4 per 100 sweeps in 
clean rice, 173 in rice mixed with wild grass. Moving to rice in fields with 
grass and where rice is heading. (Spink). 


A STINK BUG (Euschistus ictericus) - LOUISIANA - Ranged 5-27 per 100 sweeps in 
rice. (Spink). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - LOUISIANA - 
Ranged 10-20 per 100 sweeps in rice. pink). 


CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - WASHINGTON - Averaged 5-6 larvae 
per root in 100 percent of plants in red clover seed field near Chehalis, 
Lewis County. (Johansen). 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults active in 
alfalfa and red clover in vicinity of Kingston. (Hansen). 


- 691 - 


SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) - UTAH - Damage moderate to light 
generally. (Knowlton). 


PEA LEAF WEEVIL (Sitona lineata) - OREGON - Disappeared from legume fields 
July 23-30. Apparently due to extremely hot weather, which was earlier than 
in 1957. (Dickason). WASHINGTON - Up to 18 per 25 sweeps in red clover seed 
fields near Chehalis. Considerable notching of foliage by adults in some 
fields. (Johansen). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults common on alfalfa in Kent 
and Sussex County fields. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - IDAHO - Larvae damaged some 
southwest red clover fields. (Waters). 


WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) - OREGON - High 
populations still present in legume fields. (Dickason). WASHINGTON - Adults 
averaged 5-35 per 25 sweeps in red clover for seed near Chehalis, Lewis County. 
(Johansen). 


A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - DELAWARE - Very common in red clover, eastern 
Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


A TORTRICID - UTAH - Damaged alfalfa seed crops in Cache County (Haws, 
Knowlton) and some damage to same crop in eastern Millard County (Knowlton). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - Common on alfalfa in western 
New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad) 


WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - KANSAS - None found in alfalfa fields examined 
in Clay, Marshall, Riley and Dickinson Counties. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - 
Numbers light in scattered alfalfa fields throughout State. (Coppock). 
MINNESOTA - L. sticticalis reported on soybeans. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 

ARKANSAS - L. similalis continued to damage young soybeans. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


CLOVER APHID (Anuraphis bakeri) - IDAHO - In all red clover fields inspected. 
No damaging populations observed. (Waters). 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - PENNSYLVANIA - Numerous specimens taken in 
light trap in Centre County July 4-5. (Pepper). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Common in red clover in eastern 
Sussex and on alfalfa in western Kent Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). 

MINNESOTA - Populations on alfalfa down in all districts. Predators numerous, 
appear to be reducing numbers. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WYOMING - Small numbers 

in alfalfa, Laramie, Goshen and Platte Counties. Heavy in second-cutting 
alfalfa, Park County. (Davison). UTAH - Caused moderate damage to some 
alfalfa fields in Morgan, Summit, Utah and Wasatch Counties. (Knowlton). 

IDAHO - Generally low in southwestern alfalfa fields, primarily due to large 
number of predators. (Waters). 


SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) - UTAH - Throughout most of State. 
(Knowlton). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - WEST VIRGINIA - Mid-summer 
survey in Greenbrier and Monroe Counties negative. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 
OKLAHOMA —- Numbers remained fairly high in southwestern and south central 
fields. Increased tenfold in Payne County. (Bieberdorf, Pennington). Very 
light in extreme southeastern alfalfa fields. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy in 
some fields in Burleson and Brazos Counties. (Randolph). UTAH - Not economic 


- 692 - 


in State to date. (Knowlton). Recently appeared in Delta area of western 
Millard County. (Knowlton, Ogden). NEVADA - Increased in several southern 
localities. Heavy, economic in only one field examined. General decrease of 
predators and parasites in some areas and increased temperatures favored the 
increase. (Bechtel, July 25). Very light, scattered in Panaca in Lincoln 
County, Virgin Valley in Clark County and Pahrump Valley in Nye County. 
Economic in some fields in Las Vegas area, Clark County. (Bechtel, Zoller, 
July 25). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults very 
light in alfalfa and red clover in vicinity of Kingston. (Hansen). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - IDAHO - Nymphs of N. ericae heavy in Weiser 
and Ada Counties. (Hackler, Hilfiker). NEVADA - Nysius Sp. nymphs heavy in 
homes and gardens in Reno area, Washoe County. Migrating from fields and 

vacant lots. (Nev. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Nysius sp. extremely numerous on range 
and about some homes in Millard, Utah, Summit and Morgan County area. (Knowlton). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - L. lineolaris numerous in red clover 
and alfalfa. (Hansen). WISCONSIN - L. lineolaris numbers high in some alfalfa 
fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs averaged 95 per 10 sweeps 

in east central area alfalfa fields. (Hantsbarger). UTAH - Caused moderate 
damage to seed alfalfa in Millard, Cache, Duchesne and Uintah Counties. 
(Knowlton). IDAHO - Mostly L. hesperus and L. elisus, common, often abundant 
in alfalfa seed fields, many parts of Southern Section of State. Adults often 
10 per sweep in seed fields sampled in Weiser area. General movement of 
adults into alfalfa seed fields from newly cut hay fields, many parts of 
southwestern section. (Gittins, Foote). Mostly L. hesperus increased to point 
necessitating second treatment in many alfalfa seed fields. Exceeded 30 per 
sweep in red clover fields. (Waters). 


PLANT BUGS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs heavy in east central alfalfa fields, with 
9 Adelphocoris rapidus and 20 A. lineolatus per 10 sweeps. (Hantsbarger). 
WISCONSIN - Of the plant bugs that reduce alfalfa yields, A. lineolatus is 
most abundant in alfalfa and A. rapidus less. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - NEVADA - Increased on seed alfalfa in 
Pahrump Valley, Nye County. Averaged 2 per sweep. (Bechtel, Zoller, July 25). 


LEAFHOPPERS (Empoasca spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Adults common, 10-14 per 10 sweeps, 
in McCurtain County alfalfa. (Coppock). WISCONSIN - Relatively high catch 
occurred in Middleton light trap, July 29. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - LOUISIANA - Totaled 
892 per 100 sweeps in an experimental untreated plot, Caddo Parish. Averaged 
44 per 10 sweeps in fields, East Baton Rouge Parish. (Spink). TEXAS - 
Averaged 5-15 per sweep in alfalfa, Burleson and Brazos Counties. (Randolph). 
OKLAHOMA - Heaviest numbers of year in alfalfa statewide, with 20-30 per 

10 sweeps. (Coppock). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Increased on alfalfa. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). NORTH CAROLINA - Probably this species, injured peanuts in Martin 
County and reported as serious throughout the peanut area. (Stewart, Young). 
VIRGINIA -—- Medium on peanuts in Nansemond, Isle of Wight and Southampton 
Counties. Averaged 8-10 per sweep in 2 fields and 5 in one field. (Boush). 
WISCONSIN - Averaged about one per sweep in alfalfa in southern sections, but 
counts of 8 per 100 sweeps or lower were recorded in Buffalo, Clark, Jackson 

and Wood Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). INDIANA - Flights increasing in 
Tippecanoe County, with 1,913 taken in light trap July 23-29. (Deay). 


- 693 - 


SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - IDAHO - Appeared in most red clover and 
alfalfa seed fields in Canyon and Owyhee Counties. Increased rapidly in 
many inStances. (Waters). 


THRIPS - UTAH - Very numerous in many Uintah and Duchesne County alfalfa 
fields, abundant on late spring barley in Manti area. Generally numerous on 
seed alfalfa blooms in Millard County. (Knowlton). 


CUTWORMS - PENNSYLVANIA - Spaelotis clandestina on tobacco in Snyder County 

and on soybeans in Columbia County. (Gesell). S. clandestina, Peridroma 
margaritosa and Pseudaletia unipuncta present in hay in Huntingdon County. 

Fully mature larvae of P. unipuncta are most numerous, but not epidemic. (Udine). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Small second-brood larvae 
common on soybeans throughout State. Larger first-brood larvae more common 
on alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - ARKANSAS - Present in some soybean 
fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - A new infestaion of about 50 
acres was found in Mississippi County, ARKANSAS, and a 75-acre property in 
Pender County, NORTH CAROLINA, was confirmed infested. Eight additional 
samples collected in northwest FLORIDA in late December, 1957, were processed, 
and were all negative. Over 16,000 acres were surveyed in 13 sounties of 
TENNESSEE. Only 6 were determined as positive, representing 3 fields in 
Dyer County, 2 in Lauderdale County and 1 in Obion County. (PPC, So. Reg., 
June Rpt.). One additional infested property was found in western Pemiscot 
County, MISSOURI, near the Arkansas line and one and one-half miles inside 
the regulated area. Sampling was continued in Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky, weather and field conditions 
permitting. (PPC, Central Reg., June Rpt.). 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - VIRGINIA - Several more moths 
taken in light trap at Painter, on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster) 


A BLACK POLLEN BEETLE (Meligethes nigrescens) - OREGON - Appeared earlier 
than normal and emergence reached peak rapidly. Populations dropped below 
economic levels by July 21. Normally remain acitve through first week of 
August. (Crowell, Dickason). 


FLEA BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 25-30 per foot of row on young Sorghum in 
Stillwater area. (Henderson). WYOMING - Phyllotreta striolata averaged 63 
per 20 sweeps in alfalfa in Sheridan County. (Davison). 


CHINCH BUGS - GEORGIA - Blissus sp. heavy on centipedegrass in Screven County. 
(Johnson). MISSISSIPPI - Blissus leucopterus insularis serious in St. Augustine 
grass lawns in southern portion of State. (Hutchins). OKLAHOMA - Populations 
remained higher in southern and southeastern counties than in 1957, with up 

to 75 per plant on sorghum, Choctaw County. (Coppock). 


- 694 - 


FRUIT INSECTS 


ORCHARD MITES - DELAWARE - P. ulmi more prevalent, occasional apple tree bronzed 
in Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - P. ulmi and 

T. telarius increasing on apples in Hancock area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 

INDIANA — Populations continue heavy in apple orchards and some peaches in 
Vincennes area. Predominant species Panonychus ulmi. (Hamilton). Mites, 

both Tetranychus spp. and P. ulmi showing considerable pressure in Orleans 

area on apples. (Marshall). MICHIGAN - Tetranychus telarius becoming more 
common in apple orchards at Paw Paw and Benton Harbor. (Hutson). UTAH - 
Tetranychus spp. severely discoloring various fruits. Bryobia praetiosa com- 
plex discoloring peach and cherry foliage in north Odgen area. (Knowlton). 

P. ulmi and T. telarius attack on apples and pears most general and serious 
experienced in number of years at Providence. Generally Tetranychus spp. and 

P. ulmi dominant and more conspicuous than from spring of 1954. (Davis, Knowlton). 
NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestation of Bryobia praetiosa complex on untreated 
orchard in Chaves County; light and spotty in Lincoln, Sandoval and Valencia 
Counties. Tetranychus mcdanieli heavy many untreated orchards in Rio Arriba, 
Santa Fe, Lincoln, Otero, Sandoval and. Valencia Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
WASHINGTON - Heavy populations of P. ulmi and Vasates spp. on apple, pear and 
cherries in Asotin County. (Brannon). High populations present in eastern 
area resulting from unusually high temperature. (Hoyt). OREGON - T. telarius 
and Eotetranychus carpini more abundant than any time during past 4 years on 
apple and pear trees in Hood River area. (Ellertson). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - Sharp rise in fresh entries in 
apples at Orleans. (Marshall). WISCONSIN - Moderate populations of larvae and 
adults in Door County apples. (Wis. Coop. Sur., Jul. 26). CALIFORNIA - Heavy 
infestation of apples in Barstow area of San Bernardino County. Second-brood 
infestation in walnuts in Linden area of San Joaquin County less severe than 

in past several years. (Michelbacher). OREGON - Infestations heavier in 

Hood River area. Moth catches and infested fruit more plentiful than any time 
since 1953. (Ellertson). WASHINGTON - Second-brood flights at peak in Wenatchee, 
July 24. (Hoyt). UTAH - Infesting 10-30 percent of apples at Morgan; heavy in- 
festation in Washington County. (Knowlton, Hughes). 


LEAF ROLLERS - INDIANA - Comparatively large numbers in bait traps since July 20 
at Vincennes. Predominant species in peaches is Platynota flavedana, while 


in apple orchards predominant species is Argyrotaenia velutinana. (Hamilton). 
WISCONSIN - Moderate to heavy populations of Archips argyrospila and moderate 
populations of A. velutinana on apples in Door County, July 26. (Wis. Coop. 
Sur.) = 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - WISCONSIN - Adults and nymphs moderate to heavy in 
Door County apple orchards. (Wis. Coop. Sur., July 26). 


BLACK CHERRY APHID (Myzus cerasi) - WISCONSIN - Moderate to heavy adult popula- 
tions migrating from cherry foliage to alternate hosts. (Wis. Coop. Sur., 
July 26). 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - INDIANA - Causing considerable damage to 
apples in northern tier of counties. (Marshall). MASSACHUSETTS - Heavy 
emergence at Waltham, July 24 - August 1. (Whitcomb). WISCONSIN - Medium 
populations of adults in apples in Door County, July 26. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) - IDAHO - Rather 
general infestation of cherries in Nampa. (Bechtolt) . 


PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Damaging pear and cherry trees in 
south central area. (Hantsbarger) . 


- 695 - 


CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) - WISCONSIN - Second and third instar- 
larvae range from Tight to heavy on Door County Cherries. (Wis. Coop. Sur., 
July 26). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - INDIANA - Third-brood larvae 
entering peaches in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). 


PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - CALIFORNIA -— Heavy infestations in 
prune trees in Colusa area, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Adults 
readily found in Utah County orchards. Infestation high in apricot fruits in 
Weber, Box Elder and Cache Counties. Some larval attack on peaches. (Knowlton, 
Davis). WASHINGTON - Damage to peaches lighter than in 1957 in eastern area. 
(Anthon) . 


YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - WASHINGTON - Damaging apple and 
cherry foliage in Asotin County. (Brannon). 


PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - GEORGIA - Good control throughout 
season at Fort Valley. Post-harvest treatments will not be justified this 
year. (Snapp, July 28). WISCONSIN - Fourth and fifth-instar larvae heavy 
in unsprayed apples and light to moderate in unsprayed cherries in Door 
County on July 26. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations of olive trees 
in Woodland area of Yolo County. (Gal; Coop. -Rptip 


SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation on 
pear trees in San Leandro area of Alameda County. (Cad -iCoopr Rpt). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) -—- OREGON - Tents 3-5 per walnut tree in Salem 
area. Caterpillars in third to fourth instars. (Capizzi, July 27). 


A BUPRESTID (Psiloptera drummondi) - NEW MEXICO - Adults clipping leaves and 
terminal growth of pecans in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


GOLDEN TORTOISE BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) - IDAHO - Heavy infestation on 
leaves of grapes and morninglory in Orofino. Considerable damage to leaves. 
(Bruce) . 


CITRUS BLACKFLY (Alurocanthus woglumi) - In Cameron and Hidalgo Counties, 


TEXAS, 22,682 trees on 450 properties were inspected. Results were negative. 
(PPC, So. Reg., June Rpt.). A single leaf from one tree at Tomaseno in the 


Municipio of Hidalgo, Tamaulipas, MEXICO, was the only infestation found in 
June. This is the first month in well over a year no infestations have been 
found in the State of Nuevo Leon. Inspections were made of 69,870 trees on 
1,576 properties in the States of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, and of 26,034 
trees on 189 properties in the State of Sonora. No further infestations were 
found at Hermosillo, Sonora, in June. (PPC, Mex. Reg., June Rpt.). 


MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - Trapping continued in ALABAMA, 
FLORIDA, MISSISSIPPI and TEXAS, and operations were begun in GEORGIA and 
LOUISIANA. No suspicous specimens were found. (PPC, So. Reg., June Rpt.). 


MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - A total of 1,130 traps were in opera- 
tion at Tecate, Tijuana and Ensenada, Baja California, MEXICO, with 453 prop- 
erties trapped and 4,506 trap inspections made. No mexican fruit flies were 
trapped. Visual inspections were mace on 21 properties where about 100 sapota 
trees were growing. No larvae were found. (PPC, Mex. Reg., June Rpt.). 


- 696 - 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) -— IDAHO - Common and occa- 
sionally abundant some potato fields in Raft River area. Considerable defoli- 
ation occurred in spots within fields not controlled. (Gittins, Foote). 
DELAWARE - Larvae heavy and damaging to potatoes and tomatoes some localities 
of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Infesting tomatoes on 
lower Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Damaging peppers. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


CABBAGE. LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - MARYLAND - Causing noticeable damage to 
tomatoes in Salisbury area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Common on 
potatoes and tomatoes and fairly common on peppers in areas of State. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). WISCONSIN - Large increase in Arlington area; light populations in 
cabbage fields in Racine-Kenosha area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - WYOMING - Numbers dropped substantially 
in Cheyenne area; averaged 3 adults per 50 sweeps on matrimonyvine. In Pine 
Bluffs-Albin area only 1 psyllid found on potatoes. None found in Goshen or 
Platte Counties on potatoes. (Davison, Aug. 1). 


TOMATO HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Continue to damage untreated 
tomatoes in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy on tomatoes in Kanawha 
County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). UTAH - Counts on tomatoes very low in northern 
area. (Dorst). 


TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation in 
tomatoes in Fresno area, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes sp.) - DELAWARE - Very common on potatoes in western 
New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


POTATO APHIDS - MAINE — Populations of Aphis abbreviata, Macrosiphum solanifolii, 
Myzus persicae and M. solani increasing very rapidly on untreated potatoes on 
Aroostook Farm in Presque ISle. Appreciable numbers may be present in untreated 
potatoes if present increase continues. (Shands et al.). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - IDAHO - Infestations in commercial potato 
fields in Idaho Falls area, averaging about 1 per 5-10 leaves. No infestations 
found in fields 25 miles north of area. (Bishop). WASHINGTON - Lowest popu- 
lations on potatoes in eastern area for many years. (Landis). 


FLEA BEETLES - MICHIGAN - Second generation at peak population at Bath, Lansing 
and Stockbridge. (Hutson, July 31). WYOMING - Small numbers of Disonycha 
xanthomelas and Phyllotreta striolata in several fields in Goshen County. 
(@avison, Aug. 1). RHODE ISLAND — Epitrix cucumeris adults at peak of activity. 
(Hansen). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - IDAHO - Incidence of curly top on 
tomatoes in home gardens in south central area quite high with considerable 
plants killed. (Gittins, Foote). UTAH - Losses to canning crops estimated 
at 2 million dollars with additional .5 to 1 million dollar loss to sugar 
beet, and other crops pending. Tomato crop estimated 20 percent reduced. 
(Knowlton). Curly top sufficient to reduce sugar beet yield 2-3 tons per 
acre. (Dorst). 


- 697 - 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - IDAHO - Second-generation infestations 
have not developed on beets in Blackfoot and Idaho Falls areas. Apparently ~- 
damage by second generation in area will be minor. (Gittins, Foote). 


APHIDS - MARYLAND - Present in pepper fields in Worcester and Wicomico Counties. 
One field seriously damaged. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MICHIGAN - Aphis fabae 
infesting lima beans and sugar beets about Bay City, Tuscola, Caro and 

Saginaw (Hutson) . 


MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - TEXAS - Heavy on watermelons in Jones County. 
(Hawkins). NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy infestations on melons in home gardens 
in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - WYOMING - Averaged 2 adults and 

4 larvae per 100 sweeps in Laramie, Goshen and Platte Counties. Light damage 
observed. (Davison, Aug. 1). DELAWARE - Adults and larvae common on lima beans 
in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Prevalent on beans in 
Payne County. (Bieberdorf). 


A SCARAB (Pachystethus lucicola) - NORTH CAROLINA - Feeding in fields of snap 
beans in Macon County on June 18; no serious damage resulted. (Fagg, Cartwright). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Common on lima beans through- 
out State. (MacCreary, Conrad) . 


BEAN THRIPS (Hercothrips fasciatus) - UTAH -— Moderately numerous on beans in 
northern area. (Knowlton, July 28) 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - MICHIGAN - Numerous on cabbage and 
cauliflower at South Haven and Benton Harbor. (Hutson, July 31). 


PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - NEW JERSEY - No weevils found in survey 
of all 1957 infested fields in State. Additional surveys will be made. (Ins. 
Dis. Newsl.). 


PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) - NEW JERSEY - Eggs very numerous in untreated 
peppers at Bridgeton, July 28. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - MICHIGAN - Under control in all onion growing 
areas. (Hutson, July 31). IDAHO - Peak numbers of second generation in south- 
western area. Many onion fields with high populations of adults. (Scott). 
NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae caused one-third loss of onions in Bladen County during 
April. (Farrier, Banadyga, Foote). 


LOOPERS - IDAHO - Attacking onion fields in Canyon County. Damage quite 
extensive some fields, control necessary. Also attacking weeds in hop fields. 
(Scott). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Heavily infesting sesame fields in north 
central area. (Henderson) . 


ARMYWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium infestations of Laphygma exigua and 
Pseudaletia unipuncta on safflower and caster beans in Yolo Bypass area of 


Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - DELAWARE - Feeding on lima beans, 
peppers and cantaloups in areas of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - MICHIGAN - Damaging radishes at 
Beulah. (Hutson, July 31). 


- 698 - 


A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Found for first time 
in State in Kanawha County. @imivaumins) Sure)r 


SPIDER MITES - OREGON - Rapidly increasing on hops in Willamette Valley and 
Hermiston areas. Control required. Tetranychus telarius predominant species. 
(Morrison, Every). NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy infestations of T. telarius 
on melons and squash in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON — 
T. telarius damaging beans in Adams County. (Brannon). 


ROSE STEM GIRDLER (Agrilus rubicola) - UTAH - Damaging many raspberry patches 
in Salt Lake, Utah and Davis Counties. Apparently first record of species west 
of Mississippi River. Det. G. B. Vogt. (Davis, Knowlton, July 26). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WISCONSIN - Adults moderate to 
heavy on strawberry plantings in Door County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - WISCONSIN - Light to 
moderate numbers of third to fourth instar larvae on strawberry plantings in 
Door County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations continue to 
increase in northern and piedmont counties. Control generally good. (Cott. 
News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations continue to increase in Florence 


area. High infestations in untreated fields; low in treated fields. (Fye et 
al.). GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares averaged 45 in 32 northeastern 
and southeastern fields. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Infestations increasing in 


central area; ranging from 0-32 percent in treated fields; much higher in un- 
treated fields. Infestations in Chilton, Cherokee and Cleburne Counties were 
12, 9 and 10 percent respectively. (Grimes). TENNESSEE - First generation 
weevils still emerging most fields in western counties. Percent infestation 
averaged 6 percent in 65 infested fields of 186 surveyed. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI 
Infestations generally below 5 percent in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). 
LOUISIANA - Percent infestation averaged 14 in Franklin Parish, 11.8 in Ouachita 
Parish, 15.7 in Caddo Parish, 15 in Avoyelles Parish, 10.9 in Rapides Parish 

and 9.3 in Morehouse Parish. Counts ranged 1-65 percent in 16 fields and 
averaged 11 percent in other fields in Tensas Parish. Second-generation weevils 
appearing throughout State. (Spink). Average infestation 6 percent in Madison 
Parish. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Second-generation weevils present in early 
cotton in southeast area. For most areas of State, week of August 10 will 
probably be critical period for weevil control program. Percent infested fields 
71 compared with 56.9 previous week. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Only 29 
fields of 791 surveyed had infestations ranging from 1 to 9 percent; all in 
Dunklin County. Light infestations reported common in Butler and Ripley Counties 
and appearing some fields along Crowley Ridge area of Stoddard County. (Kyd, 
Thomas). TEXAS -Continued to be problem, especially in eastern, south central, 
central, north central and northeastern areas. (Gaines). Infestation averaged 
26.5 percent in treated fields and 55 percent in untreated fields in McLennan 
and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). OKLAHOMA ~- Heavy damage in McCurtain 
County. Number of punctured squares 20-79 percent; most fields over 55 percent. 
Heavy "flaring" present. (Coppock). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larval counts decreased 

most treated fields. (Cott. News Lett.). Local severe outbreaks resulted in 
almost complete destruction of squares and young bolls on individual plants in 
some southeastern counties. At least 25 percent of plants involved some areas 

of fields. (Jones, Mistric, July 23). SOUTH CAROLINA - Small larvae appearing 
in cotton fields in Florence area. May become a major cotton threat in next 

two weeks. (Fye et al., July 30). GEORGIA - Egg counts ranged from 9-84 per 100 


- 699 - 


terminals, averaging 20, and larval counts ranged from 2-19 per 100 terminals, 
averaging 9, in 32 northeastern and southeastern cotton fields. (Johnson). 
ALABAMA - Infestations increasing in central area. Control warranted in Autauga 
County. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Moth catches in traps extremely low. Few 
eggs and larvae many fields in delta counties. Occasionally heavy populations 
of larvae. (Merk1 et al.). TENNESSEE - Damage varies widely from field to 
field in western counties. Counts ranged from 0-12 larvae per 100 terminals, 
averaging 5. No eggs found. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Moth emergence and egg 
deposition heavy in Arkansas River Valley, southeast, central, east central 

and some northeastern and southwestern areas. Percent fields infested was 60 
compared with 44.5 the previous week. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Total 

of 504 fields infested of 791 surveyed. Infestations ranged from 1-13 eggs 

and 1-11 larvae per 100 terminals. (Kyd, Thomas). LOUISIANA - Counts per 100 
terminals averaged 3-9 larvae and 5 eggs in Tensas Parish. Percent infestation 
averaged 19.9 in Ouachita Parish, 7 in Caddo, 10 in Avoyelles, 8.2 in Rapides 
and 3.4 in Morehouse Parish... (Spink). Average infestation 5 percent in 
Tallulah area. An average of 8.88 eggs and 2.91 larvae found per 100 terminals. 
Some untreated fields may require treatment. (Smith et al.). TEXAS - Continue 
a problem, especially in eastern, south central, central, north central and 
northeastern areas. (Gaines). Infestation averaged 10.9 eggs and 3.2 larvae 
per 100 terminals in McLennan and Falls Counties. Control still required some 
fields. (Parencia et al.). NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy and spotty most cotton 
growing areas of State. Control being applied in Chaves and Eddy Counties. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Populations increasing in Salt River and Santa 
Cruz Valleys. With exception of few heavily populated fields in Pinal County 
infestations generally low. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). OKLAHOMA - Damage 

to bolls in southeastern area 3-6 percent. Percent terminals infested with 
eggs 30-60 percent in McCurtain County. (Coppock). NEVADA - Infestations in 
all fields very light. (Bechtel, Zoller, July 25). 


APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Numerous in Florence area but fairly well scattered. 
(Fye et al.)}. GEORGIA - Light to medium infestations of Aphis gossypii in 12 
counties. Heavy infestations in Burke and Screven Counties. (Johnson) . 
ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of A. gossypii in central area. Control warranted 
many fields. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI — Populations general in delta counties. 
Most damage light; some control required. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Counts 
averaged 1.59 per square inch in Tallulah area. (Smith et al.). TENNESSEE - 
Some heavy infestations in Ames Plantation area of Fayette and Hardeman Counties. 
(Locke). ARKANSAS - Present, but causing little damage generally. Extremely 
heavy some early treated fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Causing some 
damage. (Gaines). OKLAHOMA - Light, general infestation of A. gossypii in 
southeastern area. (Coppock). NEW MEXICO - Aphis medicaginis generally 

light with few heavy spots in some fields in Eddy, Chaves, Dona Ana, Luna and 
Socorro Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPIDER MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Several infestations in Pee Dee area. General 
infestation not evident. Miticides being applied. (Fye et al.). GEORGIA - 
Light to moderate infestations of Tetranychus spp. in 15 counties. (Johnson). 
ALABAMA ~ Heavy infestations in Randolph County. Troublesome locally else- 
where. (Grimes). TENNESSEE - At least two species causing damage over western 
area. Lake County has heaviest infestations. Complete defoliation occurred 

in some fields. Control needed in Lake County area. (Locke). MISSISSIPPI - 
Generally present in delta counties. Most infestations light and doing very 
little damage. Some control required. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Severe 
infestations in St. Landry and Evangeline Parishes. Some plants defoliated. 
(Spink). Light spotted infestations few fields in Tallulah area. (Smith et 
al.). ARKANSAS - Populations increasing many areas of State. Spot treatments 
used and some field-wide applications made. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - 
Light to heavy infestations in 376 of 791 fields examined. Some spot defoli- 
ation occurring. Mites major problem of cotton in State at present. (Kyd, Thomas). 


- 700 - 


TEXAS - Causing some damage. (Gaines). NEW MEXICO - Infestations of Tetran- 
ychus desertorum generally light with few heavily infested fields in Chaves 
County. Generally widely scattered light to medium infestations in State. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Light infestations in Deer Valley and vicinity 
of Eloy. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). CALIFORNIA - Tetranychus atlanticus 
damaging cotton in Tranquillity area of Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - Road station inspections in ARKANSAS 
were made of 127,320 vehicles and 871 labor crews, with 39 interceptions. 

In LOUISIANA, 328,120 blooms were inspected in 8 parishes. No pink bollworms 
were found. Bloom inspections were begun in Walthall County, MISSISSIPPI. 
Initial bloom inspections in central and south central TEXAS showed a general 
infestation, with some fields indicating a heavy population. Inspection of 
hibiscus blooms on Plantation Key, FLORIDA, uncovered 6 larvae, the first 
infestation of hibiscus found in that area since November 1957. (PPC, So. 
Reg., June Rpt.). A total of 19,713 blooms were inspected in Graham County, 
ARIZONA, with negative results. One moth was taken in the light trap at 
Solomon, which is in the heaviest infested area. In CALIFORNIA, 394,232 blooms 
were inspected in 1135 fields totaling 7,735 acres. No pink bollworms were 
found. (PPC, West. Reg., June Rpt.). Around Guaymas, MEXICO, 4,232 blooms 
were inspected on 80 acres, with negative results. In the Sinaloa district, 
319 bushels of gin trash were inspected with negative results and inspections 
of 1,085 bolls in 5 fields on 506 acres in the Culiacan district were also 
negative. A few small fields show as high as 17 percent infestation at 
Delicias and at Torreon, infestations are running from 10-15 percent. (PPC, 
Mex. Reg., June Rpt.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - GEORGIA - Light infestations in 12 counties. 
(Johnson). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations in Coffee and Autauga Counties. In 
some areas one-thizrdto one-half of foliage destroyed. Many loopers diseased. 
(Ruffin, Rawson). TEXAS - Causing some damage. (Gaines). NEW MEXICO - Light 
to medium and spotty in Dona Ana, Eddy and Chaves Counties. Polyhedrosis 
virus disease killing few loopers in spots in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. 
Rpt.). ARIZONA - Infestations range from light to heavy. Many eggs on cotton 
in Maricopa County. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEVADA - Light to moderate populations some cotton 
fields. Infestations may become heavy as adjacent alfalfa fields are cut and 
marginal weeds dry up. (Bechtel, Zoller, July 25). ARIZONA - As high as 65 
per 100 sweeps in Buckeye area. Increasing generally over most of Salt River 
Valley. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). NEW MEXICO - Infestations of L. elisus 
and L. hesperus decreased. Generally light in cotton growing areas. (WN. M. 
Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Causing some damage. (Gaines). MISSISSIPPI - Damage 
caused by L. lineolaris and Adelphocoris rapidus apparent in many fields in 
delta counties where heavy populations occurred earlier. (Merkl1 et al.). 
LOUISIANA - Sufficient numbers of L. lineolaris present to cause damage in 
Tallulah area. (Smith et al.). A 


PLANT BUGS - MISSISSIPPI - Damage caused by Lygus lineolaris and Adelphocoris 
rapidus apparent in many fields in delta counties where heavy populations 
occurred earlier. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - Causing square shed in parts 
of Obion and Lake Counties. Control needed several fields. (Locke) . 


STINK BUGS - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy scattered infestations of Chlorochroa 
ligata and C. sayi in Dona Ana County and many fields in Luna County. (N. M. 
Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA — Populations very low in all fields, averaging .25 per 
100 sweeps. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Extremely heavy in many cotton 
fields in Roosevelt County and light to spotty infestations in Dona Ana and 
Luna Counties. No damage noted. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


- 701 - 


WHITEFLIES - MISSISSIPPI - Medium to heavy infestations in delta counties. 
(Merkl et al.). ARKANSAS - Present in several areas of State. (Ark. Ins. 
Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations of Trialeurodes abutilonea on cotton 
in Blythe area, Riverside County. (Cale CooprekRpDtar 


STALK BORER (Papaipema nebris) - MISSISSIPPI - Infestations causing noticeable 
damage to cotton in delta area of State. (Hutchins). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES - IDAHO - Aedes sp. exceedingly abundant and causing considerable 
annoyance in the Little Lost River Valley area. (Gittins, Foote). Abundant 

in east end of Boise Valley. (Blair). NEVADA - Light to moderate populations 
of Anopheles sp. in several areas of Lincoln County. (Bechtel, July 25). 
CALIFORNIA - Aedes nigromaculis widely reported in San Joaquin Valley and 
Psorophora confinnis noted in Coachella Valley. (Peters). UTAH - Annoying 

in areas of Summit and Millard Counties. (Knowlton). MINNESOTA - In 311 
larval collections made in the Twin City area July 23-31, Culex tarsalis was 
found 50 times and Culiseta inornata 5; in 83 biting collections Aedes vexans 


was taken 60 times, Culex tarsalis 5 and Culiseta inornata 1. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.) 


WISCONSIN - Increasing in Madison area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MISSOURI - Very 
heavy populations in most areas of State. Some extensive control measures 
applied in residential areas along the flooding Missouri River. (Kyd, Thomas). 


GEORGIA - Much more abundant this year than usual, Fort Valley. (Snapp). 
DELAWARE - Aedes sollicitans heavy in central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - KANSAS - Counts on unsprayed cattle in pastures 
of Clay, Marshall and Riley Counties averaged about 600 per animal. (Matthew) 
UTAH - Annoying cattle, Summit, Wasatch, Utah, Millard, Davis Cos. (Knowlton). 
OKLAHOMA - Average of 500-800 per cow in McCurtain County, 800-1200 per cow in 
Latimer County. (Coppock). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations in Oconee and 
Barnwell Counties. More than 500 flies on untreated animals. (Adkins). 


HORSE FLIES - VIRGINIA - More numerous this year than usual in Goochland County 
on cattle and horses. (Truett). Heavy and troublesome on work stock in area 
of Lunenburg County. (Powers). Annoying to livestock and people in parts of 
Cumberland County. (Ayers). Problem statewide. (Morris). OKLAHOMA ~ Occur 
4-9 per cow in Latimer County. (Coppock). 


BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - CALIFORNIA - Received from Berkley, 
Alameda County. (Peters). NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations in houses in Beaufort 
and Orange Counties. (Ashton, Farrier). 


CHIGGERS - WISCONSIN - Numerous and troublesome in Buffalo County. (Wis. Coop. 
Sus). 


FLEAS - MARYLAND - Numerous in houses in Montgomery, Prince Georges and Howard 
Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH CAROLINA - Ctenocephalides felis num- 
erous in many areas of State on cats and dogs. (Ashton). GEORGIA —- More 
abundant than usual. Complaints of in homes, yards and on animals at Fort 
Valley. (Snapp). 


SCORPIONS - KANSAS - More inquiries concerning scorpions this year than during 
previous years. This apparent increase in scorpion populations has brought 
more reports of stings than before. (Knutson). 


SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation in 
depot office at Corcoran, Kings County. Annoying people. (Cala Coop. Rpt.) i: 


- 702 - 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


A SILVER-SPOTTED HALISIDOTA (Halisidota argentata) - OREGON - Adults very 
numerous in light trap collections week of July 20. In Douglas County up to 
50 specimens one night, Polk County, 10-15 each night. (Capizzi). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - IDAHO - Tents common on locust, poplar and 
cherries in Whitebird area. (Gittins, Foote). NORTH DAKOTA - Some webbing of 
shade and fruit trees conspicuous. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). RHODE ISLAND - Feeding 
on maple in Middletown area. (Stessel). DELAWARE - Greatly increased in 
Sussex County and starting in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 

WEST VIRGINIA - Light infestation in Monogalia County. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 

NEW MEXICO - Damaging elms, poplars, cottonwoods and pecans in many areas of 
State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Very heavy in southwest during July. 
Possibility of a partial third generation which might cause additional damage. 
Heavy on persimmon, pecan, walnut, hickory and elm. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). 


A PINE TIP MOTH - ARKANSAS - Larval damage locally heavy in northern area in 
July. Large trees had 75 percent of tips attacked near Pine Bluff. Similar 
infestations in north central area from Conway, north to Harrison. Damage 
locally severe in plantings up to 15 years old with trees averaging 12-15 feet 
high. (Ark. For. Pest. Rpt.). 


COTTONWOOD LEAF BEETLE (Chrysomela scripta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae damaged 
cottonwood trees in Edmunds County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


RED-PINE CONE BEETLE (Conophthorus resinosae) - MICHIGAN - Active on new 
growth large red pine in Keweenaw, Leelanau, Manistee and Benzie Counties. 
(Hutson). 


BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ARKANSAS - Increased 
activity in July at 10 locations in Pope, Lafayette, Perry and Hot Spring 
Counties. Control applied in few areas. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). 


IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - ARKANSAS - Increase in activity during July in parts 
of Pope, Lafayette, Perry and Hot Spring Counties. Control applied at Malvern, 
Hot Spring County. In general, favorable growing weather has reduced incidence 
of Ips. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). 


BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - CONNECTICUT - Second generation heavily 
infesting and damaging birch foliage. More abundant than ever before, following 
a minor first generation. Third generation adults appearing. Det. J. C. Schread. 
(Johnson). 


GREGARIOUS OAK LEAF MINER (Cameraria cincinnatiella) - NEW JERSEY - Prevalent 
on white oak in a number of counties. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - WISCONSIN - Treatment of 
1200-1300 acres in Oconto, Marinette, Florence, Oneida, Vilas and Price 
Counties completed on July 28. Adults emerged in Douglas and Bayfield Counties 
July 25 and emergence about complete in Price and northeastern counties on 

July 28. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


JACK-PINE BUDWORM (Choristoneura pinus) - WISCONSIN - Pupated in Bayfield and 
Douglas Counties, moths seen July 21. Little defoliation evident in northwest 
area even where populations have been moderately heavy. Defoliation in west 
central area light or unnoticeable. One egg mass hatched in Jackson County. 
(Wis. Coop. Sur.). : 


RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Mediem infestation 
of roadside black walnut trees in Stockton area of San Joaquin County. 
Numerous egg clusters present. (Michelbacher). 


- 703 - 


ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH (Dioryctria zimmermani) - MICHIGAN - Actively defoliating 
trees in Cadillac area. (Hutson). 


YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - DELAWARE - Feeding on oaks in 
New Castle and Sussex Counties. Light to moderately heavy damage in eastern 
New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - DELAWARE - Feeding quite heavily on 
walnut trees throughout State. Many trees half to fully defoliated. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


AN ALDER SAWFLY - IDAHO - Heavy defoliation of alders throughout area from 
St. Maries northward to Rathdrum Prairie area. (Manis). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - Summer 
emergence has begun. As of July 30, there were I193 cases of Dutch elm disease 
in southeastern counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Larval defoliation of 
untreated elms in Parma continueS and Several elms damaged so severely that 

they show no evidence of recovering from first attack. (Scott). NORTH CAROLINA - 
Larvae feeding on Chinese elm in Nash County. (Jones, Farrier). VIRGINIA - 
Medium on elms at Front Royal. (Weddle). WASHINGTON - Severely damaging elms 

at Prosser. (Telford). ARKANSAS - Damage in Several areas of State. Control 
effective. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt.). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Damaging mimosa trees in 
Loudoun County. (Rowell, KeySer). DELAWARE - Increased damaged noted on 
mimosa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). WEST VIRGINIA - Light on mimosa 
in Kanawha County. (W. Va. Ins. Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Usual severe injury on 
honeylocust, Bedford. (Udine). 


BAGWORMS - MISSOURI - Ornamentals in southeast attacked rather heavily. 
(Wkly. Rpt. Fr. Grs.). PENNSYLVANIA - Fair numbers on ornamentals in some 
areas of Allegheny County. (Udine). NEW MEXICO - Oiketicus townsendi 
damaging evergreen in Curry and Chaves Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on some evergreen 
trees and Shrubs in ISle of Wight County. (Rowell, Grizzard). Medium on 
arborvitae plants in Roanoke County. (Allen). DELAWARE - Feeding heavily on 
walnut trees and sycamores in western Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


CATALPHA SPINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - DELAWARE - Feeding heavily on catalpa 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad)., 


MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating elms in 
Las Vegas, San Miguel County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


A MINUTE CYPRESS SCALE (Carulaspis minima) - OKLAHOMA - A heavy infestation. on 
foliage of red cedar at one locality in Oklahoma City, Jume 1. First report 
for State. (Apt). 


SCALE INSECTS - CALIFORNIA - Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy on willows in Santa Clara, 
Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Gossyparia spuria severely 
damaging many elms in Odgen and elsewhere in Weber County (Knowlton). 

VIRGINIA - Unaspis euonymi very heavy on euonymus plants in Pulaski (Rowell, 
Griffin) and in Danville (Morris). Diaspis carueli may be building up on 
juniper plants in areas of southwest. Lepidosaphes ulmi damaging boxwood in 
some areas of southwest. (Miller, Thomson). } } }.}. © 


- 704 - 


MITES ~ NORTH DAKOTA - Heavy infestations of spider mites on evergreens, shrubs 
and some perennial flowers in western area. Several infestations at scattered 
points in eastern section. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - A heavy infesta- 
tion of Oligonychus platani on sycamores in Riverside, Riverside County. (Cale 
Coop. Rpt.). 


SPITTLEBUGS - NORTH CAROLINA - Tomaspis sp. unusually abundant this year and 
reports of terminal wilting associated with this insect especially on hollies. 
(Marshall, Farrier, Young). DELAWARE - Tomaspis bicincta causing injury to 
new growth of holly in New Castle County. Stearns). 


LUBBER GRASSHOPPER (Romalea microptera) -— ALABAMA - Heavy infestation in Mobile 
County. Complete destruction of leaves and bulbs of lilies. (Counts, Bolton). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


CADELLE (Tenebroides mauritanicus) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Damaged stored-corn in 
Grant County. (Hantsbarger) . 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - Inspections made in GEORGIA and TEXAS 
were all negative. (PPC, So. Reg., June Rpt.). One new infestation was 

found at Peoria in Maricopa County, ARIZONA. (PPC, West. Reg., June Rpt.). 

One new infestation was found at Colonia Camacho, Mexicali, Baja California, 
MEXICO, and one each at Colonia Progresso and Colonia Ahumadita, with a total 
of 123,819 cubic feet for fumigation. A total of 214 properties were inspected, 
201 initial and 13 repeats, with 43 specimens submitted. Sixteen properties, 
totaling 1,061,781 cubic feet, were fumigated. Four were within the city 

limits of Mexicali and 12 were in the farm community of Ejido Puebla. (PPC , 
Mex. Reg., June Rpt.). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


BUMBLE BEES (Bombus spp.) - WASHINGTON - Moderate populations, up to 15 per 
25 square yards, in red clover seed fields in Chehalis area, Lewis County. 
Three species involved. (Johansen) . 


PREDATORS —- IDAHO - Scymnus lacustris exceeded one per sweep in red clover 

field in northern Canyon County and Nabis sp. ranged 1-4 in some red clover 
fields. (Waters). WYOMING - Small numbers of Myrmeleon spp. in several 

alfalfa fields in Wheatland area. Nabis spp. extremely abundant in southeastern 
alfalfa fields. (Davison). NEBRASKA - Adults and nymphs of Orius spp. and 
Chrysopa spp. and nabid and coccinellid adults and larvae abundant in all 
northeastern corn fields with heavy populations of corn leaf aphid. (Andersen). 
UTAH - Damsel bugs, syrphid larvae and lady beetles in numbers in some Morgan 
County alfalfa fields severly infested with pea aphid. (Knowlton). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - In ALABAMA, 2,355 properties were 
inspected in 20 counties, and infestations were found on 1,685 acres at 55 
locations in 7 counties. Treatment was applied to a total of 5,775 acres. 
Inspections were made of 449 sites in 6 FLORIDA counties. One 5-acre property 
was found infested for the first time in Calhoun County, and extensions were 
found on 475 acres in Escambia, Holmes, Santa Rosa and Walton Counties. 
Treatme t was applied to 33 acres in Escambia County, 720 acres in Jackson 
County and 5 acres in Okaloosa County. In GEORGIA, 718 sites were inspected 
in 28 counties, with extensions totaling 1,537 acres found in Ben Hill, Bibb, 


- 705 - 


Coffee, Emanuel, Talbot, Turner and Wilcox Counties. One new infestation of 
about 300 acres was found in Talbot County near the Harris County line. 
Treatment was applied to a total of 2,200 acres. All surveys in LOUISIANA 
were negative. In MISSISSIPPI, 1,147 properties were inspected in 39 counties, 
with 39 properties in 3 counties found infested. Thirteen properties com- 
prising 330 acres represented new finds. In NORTH CAROLINA, 75 sites in 10 
counties were inspected, with one extension found in Duplin County. No addi- 
tional infested acreage was found in SOUTH CAROLINA, as result of inspections 
of 25 sites in Darlington and Florence Counties. In TENNESSEE, first adult 
beetle was found June 20, about 3 weeks later than normal for the area. Dur- 
ing latter part of June, 5 additional infested blocks were found in Memphis. 
Inspections were made in Crockett, Gibson, Hardin, McNairy, Obion and Weakly 
Counties, with negative results. (PPC, So. Reg., June Rpt.). ALABAMA - 
Additional infestations found in Autauga County near Prattville. Small 
additional acreage found on periphery of known infestations in other parts 
of State. (Owen). 


IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - TEXAS - Treatment was 
started on 700 acres of State Hospital land on periphery of 3000-4000 acre 
infestation in southwestern San Antonio, Bexar County. Approximately 7000 
acres treated in ALABAMA- Treatment completed on all infestations north of 
Birmingham. Two new spot infestations in Manatee County, FLORIDA, promptly 
treated. Minor extensions reported in Calhoun, Holmes, Jackson and Washington 
Counties treated as found. Treatment initiated in Milton and at Tyndall Air 
Force Base in Bay County. Aerial treatment completed in Dodge, Houston, Pierce 
and Tift Counties, GEORGIA, and 800 acres were treated on Ft. Benning reservation. 
LOUISIANA — 40,000 acres were treated in 19 parishes. MISSISSIPPI - Treatment 
was completed on 338 acres. NORTH CAROLINA. - A 39-acre extension found in 
Onslow County. Treatment applied to 112 acres in Brunswick County and 359 
acres in Onslow County. (PPC, So. Reg., June Rpt.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infes- 
tation found on 120 acres in Florence County. Treatment was applied to 

1,406 acres in Orangeburg County and 324 acres in Charleston County. (PPC, 

So. Reg., June Rpt.). ALABAMA - Positive determinations confirmed for first 
time for Clay, Chambers and Tallapoosa Counties. Infestations light and 
scattered. (Grimes). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Continued light to moderate 
feeding on soybeans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - 
Medium in Shenandoah County. Problem in small grain harvested by combine. 
(Coiner). NEW JERSEY - Remained active in some areas on ornamentals. (Ins. 
Dis. Newsl.). FLORIDA - One adult trapped at International Airport at Tampa, 
Hillsborough County, July 23. (Rohwer). DELAWARE - Rather heavy feeding on 
asparagus ferns in New Castle and Kent Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
MARYLAND - Browning favored food plants in sections of Washington County. 

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Negative results obtained from traps operated 
in 168 locations in the State. (Grimes). TENNESSEE - Beetles were trapped 
for the first time in Hawkins and Monroe Counties. Beetles were also trapped 
in Cocke and Jefferson Counties, both within and outside of treated areas. 
GEORGIA - A total of 5,010 newly infested acres found in Clayton, Cobb, Dawson, 
De Kalb, Fulton, Hall, Lumpkin and Richmond Counties, during June, bringing 
the grand total to 159,655 infested acres. SOUTH CAROLINA - One adult beetle 
was trapped in Marlboro County. This is the first collection in that county. 
Traps operated in areas of LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI and TEXAS gave negative 
results. (PPC, So. Reg., June Rpt.). Two beetles were caught at different 
locations in St. Louis, MISSOURI, on June 19. Beetles had been caught in 
these areas in 1957, and in one case in 1956. Beetles were observed for the 
first time on June 25 in Zanesville and Cincinnati, OHIO, and on June 29 in 
Sheldon, ILLINOIS. (PPC, Central Reg., June Rpt.). 


A PYRALID - NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae injured blossom buds of safflower at Beach, 
Golden Valley County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


- 706 - 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis 
unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quinq. zea _ vires. 
ALABAMA 
Crossville 7/28,31 5 61 42 
FLORIDA 
Quincy 7/24-30 28 5 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 7/25-31 132 9 29 172 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 7/17-25 507 7 47 34 7 1 
Tippecanoe 7/23-29 908 8 rt 398 1 2 1 
KANSAS 
Garden City 7/4-13, 2600 38 304 111 73 
17-27 
Hays 7/1-8, 15-19, 3774 94 533 70 
21-23, 25-29 
Manhattan 7/10-31 1303 86 164 5 33 
Wathena 6/4-9 ,15-22 212 24 28 54 34 3 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 7/25-31 1 1 56 9 
Franklin 7/28,30 3 23 1 1 
Shreveport 7/28,30 7 2 30 
MAINE 
Monmouth 7/20-8/2 5 
Orono 7/27-8/2 aL 
MISSISSIPPI 
Grenada 7/21-8/1 15 1 5 4 
Senatobia 7/24-31 3 
State College 7/26-8/1 19 6 82 9 
*Stoneville 7/25-31 1l 2 13 14 
NEBRASKA 
Alliance 7/14-18 3279 1 607 1 3 
Kearney 7/14-22 1494 32 540 5 64 
Lincoln 7/19-25 924 126 77 26 
North Platte 7/18-24 1613 23 867 2 6 15 al 
Scotts Bluff 7/22-28 221 224 2 
NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 7/31 3 s 25 24 al 8 4 
Faison 7/31 5 4 20 7 1 10 11 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 7/28-8/3 7 1 102 a 1 Te 
Clemson 7/26-8/1 37 6 74 5 13 17 4 1 
Florence 7/27-8/2 99 16 411 6 14 6 699 193 


¥*TWO traps-5 toneville. 


- 707 - 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. sexta quinq. zea vires. 

TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Blount 7/22-28 135 6 288 9 12 15 

Cumberland 7/22-28 607 15 109 21 6 

Greene 7/22-28 324 16 220 4 8 8 

Johnson 7/22-28 256 35 46 18 1 1 

Madison 7/22-28 45 al 139 12 U 

Maury 7/22-28 365 6 75 38} 12 33 6 

Robertson 7/22-28 67 13 104 17 5 12 2 
VIRGINIA(County) 

*Pittsylvania 7/26-8/1 47 125 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - WISCONSIN - 7/22-28: *Arlington - 40; 
Beaver Dam —- 68; Gays MilIs —- 8; Janesville - 97; LaCrosse -—- 5; 
Middleton - 10; Platteville - 4; Ripon - 74; River Falls - 49; Rosendale - 138; 
*Theresa - 48; Waterford - 75; Waterloo —- 12; Waumandee - 2. 


ree raps-P1 Syivania; rapsS-Arlington ; raps-Ineresa. 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


ALABAMA - FALL ARMYWORM exceptionally heavy in several areas of State recently. 
Infested young corn in all areas. Moderate in grain sorghum in northern 

areas of State. (Eden). MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE moderate on soybeans in Escambia 
County. (Grimes). BLISTER BEETLES caused moderate damage to alfalfa in Dallas 
and Wilcox Counties. (K. Hays, S. Hays). EUROPEAN CORN BORER flights about 
over for present generation. New egg masses scarce. (Eden). GRASSHOPPERS in 
millet in east central areas. (Barwood). SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE inspections 
negative in Baldwin and Mobile Counties. SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL infestations 
reduced 50 percent over 1957. Very light for 1958. MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY 
traps operated in Baldwin and Mobile Counties gave negative results. (Grimes). 


NEW YORK - ARMYWORM and FALL ARMYWORM reported from Several areas about State. 
In Hudson Valley, EUROPEAN CORN BORER larvae appeared in emerging tassels. 
Injury as high as 8 percent reported. Moth emergence light, no sign of newly 
hatched larvae. CORN EARWORM extremely Scarce in same area. CORN LEAF APHID 
in 50 percent of plants in some Hudson Valley locations, and CORN FLEA BEETLE 
averaged 4 per plant in unsprayed corn. SPIDER MITES increased slowly in 
Orleans County, damage not significant in Monroe County but plentiful in an 
occaSional Wayne County orchard. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER present in all stages 
in Orleans County but few in numbers, as well as in Monroe County. Eggs and 
moths numerous in Wayne County, with first second-brood larva found July 29. 
(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


- 708 - 


CORRECTIONS 


CEIR 8(28):619 - Under white-fringed beetles change Grapholitha spp. to 
Graphognathus spp. 


CEIR 8(24):505 - The aphid carried under SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID from Virginia, 
has been determined as YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) by 
L. M. Russell. Pe ae 


CEIR 8(30):658 - Under LARCH SAWFLY - PENNSYLVANIA - should read cocooning 
instead of pupation. 


CEIR 8(31):676 - Under BOLL WEEVIL - MISSISSIPPI - Change Smith et al. to 
read Merkl et al. 


¥ oe 


a, 


7] gs A ae i : 


OL D 


NT PEST CONTR 


oy 
x. 
Ax. 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION == 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by coogerating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. - 


Volume 8 August 15, 1958 Number 33 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS in economic numbers in several Wisconsin counties and severe in 
some areas of Minnesota. Threatening to severe in central and north central 
areas of Kansas where controls have not been applied. Caused some damage in 
Oklahoma and are heavy, with severe damage in crop areas of New Mexico. (p. 711). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER first generation lower in some areas of Illinois than in 
1957, but higher in others. Moth flight heavier in southern Iowa than in 1957. 
Found for first time in Dallas County, Arkansas. (p. 711). CORN EARWORM adult 
increased in several crops in Alabama. Heavy on corn in several areas of New 
Mexico. (p. 712). 


FALL ARMYWORM caused serious damage in Massachusetts and continued damaging 
throughout Maryland. Heavy and general throughout Louisiana. (p. 712). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER found for first time in Union County, Arkansas. (p. 712). 
CORN LEAF APHID increased in southern Wisconsin corn. Medium to heavy in areas 
of Texas and abundant in northeast and east central Nebraska. (p. 713). 
ARMYWORM damaged corn in Massachusetts. Heavy in some areas of Tennessee and 
eastern North Carolina. Larvae heavy in localized area of Fall River County 

in South Dakota and at Placerville, California. (p. 714). 


CLOVER SEED WEEVIL found for first time in Utah. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found 
for first time in Christian County, Kentucky. (p. 715). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG epidemic worst since 1955 in Washington. (p. 720). 

BUDWORM infestation in tobacco greatest since 1956 in Florida. (p. 721). 
BOLL WEEVIL infestations continued high in southeastern states. (p. 721). 
BOLLWORMS making second appearance in South Carolina, remain threat to young 
bolls in Florence area (p. 722) where light trap catch was high (p. 729). 
VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR defoliated large acreages in areas in Maryland. 
(p. 724). JAPANESE BEETLE found for first time in’ Cherokee County, North 
Caroldniay. (ps 727). 

CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 728). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 731). 


FRO ee fe 2 ke ke 2 2 2 2 2g 2 2 ic ic 2 2 ke ke 2 ig Ik 5K kc af 2K kc akc ak 2 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 8, unless otherwise 
designated. 


710 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 11 


Above-normal temperatures, continued mostly dry weather in the Far West and 
less rainfall and fewer severe local storms east of the Continental Divide 
was last week's general weather pattern. The week was unseasonably warm nearly 
everywhere, but relative to normal was warmest in the northern Great Plains 
and Southwest where departures ranged up to 6°. In northern areas where June 
and July have been unusually cool, many states, including Wyoming, Wisconsin, 
Illinois and New Jersey, reported their warmest week of the summer to date. 
Maximum temperatures in the northern Great Plains rose into the 100's on the 
8th and 9th, Bismark, N. Dak., recording 107°, the highest temperature there 
since 1949. Maximum temperatures were 90° or above virtually every day in 
southern areas and on one or more days elsewhere, except along the Pacific 
coast, in the Great Lakes region and parts of the Northeast, where they 
ranged in the 70's and 80's. 


East of the Continental Divide, areas with heavy rainfall were less extensive 
than for previous weeks. This is particularly true in the area extending 

from the central Great Plains eastward through the Ohio Valley to the Appalachians. 
Nevertheless, local downpours caused more flash floods in eastern Kansas and 
Oklahoma, and in West Virginia. In the lower Ohio and most of the middle 
Mississippi Valleys, hot, sunny, humid weather favored rapid crop growth. In 
the North Central Interior, more moisture is still needed in many sections, 
particularly in the northern two-thirds of Michigan, Wisconsin, parts of 
Minnesota and in most of the Dakotas and eastern Montana. Elsewhere east of 
the Rockies, soil moisture is mostly adequate, although a general rain from 
New Mexico to Georgia would be helpful. In the Far West, heavy rains were 
limited mostly to the southern Sierras and Mohave Desert of California and 
southwestern Arizona. A few flash floods were reported in southern California. 
Several range fires occurred in Idaho and Washington. (Summary supplied by 
the U. S. Weather Bureau). 


711 


CEARAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - MARYLAND - Very severe in field corn in Talbot County; damaged 
corn in Worcester County. General on soybeans in low numbers. (U. Md., Ent. 
Dept.). WISCONSIN - Hatch completed in Waupaca and Shawano Counties, with 
first and second-instar nymphs observed. Third to fifth instars averaged 

50-75 per square yard. Adults also present. Economic numbers in Marinette, 
Marathon, Portage, Oconto, Manitowoc, Kewaunee and Waushara Counties with 

6-40 nymphs per square yard. Noticeable damage in fields with 35-40 per 

Square yard. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Checks in Koochiching, Itasca, 
Cass, St. Louis, Aitkin and Carlton Counties showed Camnula pellucida 

and Melanoplus femur-rubrum to be dominant species. C. pellucida are adults 
and depositing eggs. M. femur-rubrum in second to fourth instars. Some fifth 
instar and adult M. bivittatus found. Grasshoppers averaged 25 per square 

yard on ditch bank at one place in northern Koochiching County, and averaged 
20-30 in fields in northern Cass, southern Itasca and one field in central 
Carlton County. Generally low in northwest, west central, south central and 
southeast districts, with some high counts on field margins. Newly hatched 

M. femur-rubrum still present. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - Adult 

‘Survey in Ransom and Richland Counties showed infestation at non-economic 
levels. Dominant species was M. bivittatus, followed by M. femur-rubrum and 

M. bilituratus. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Summer adult survey continued. 
Populations in 6 central and 5 north central counties ranged generally non- 
economic to threatening in crop lands, non-economic to light in rangeland and 
pastures. Averaged 1-26 per square yard in alfalfa fields, 1-7 in wheat 
stubble, 1-9 in grain sorghum and 1-9 in corn. M. differentialis, M. bivittatus 
and M. bilituratus were dominant species. No new evidence of prevalence of 
fungus disease in any fields examined, no parasitic larvae in any grasshoppers 
examined. Counts at this time would surely be much higher if extensive spray- 
ing had not previously been applied. Threatening to severe in areas where 
controls have not been applied, as evidenced by stripped corn plants and defoli- 
ated alfalfa. Heavy feeding on leaves of grain sorghum and active feeding on 
the grain in the heads, in these areas. Spraying in progress in many areas 

to protect corn, sorghum and alfalfa seed crop. (Matthew, Forslund). OKLAHOMA - 
Averaged 4-12 per square yard on rangeland in north central counties, 3-8 in 
central and south central counties. Slightly higher along roadsides. Second- 
generation M. bivittatus, M. differentialis and M. bilituratus statewide. 

Damage light to severe in margins of alfalfa, mungbeans and Late-planted 
sorghums in central area. (Coppock). TEXAS - Light populations of Dissosteira 
longipennis were found in Dallam, Hartley and Sherman Counties. (Cowger). 

NEW MEXICO - Heavy, severely damaged field crops in Colfax, Harding, Rio Arriba, 
Bernalillo, Sandoval, Valencia, Socorro and Quay Counties. Light, 1-5 per 
Square yard in Lea County. M. occidentalis, Aulocara elliotti and Drepanopterna 


femoratum dominant species. "Trimerotropis pallidipennis over most of Grant and 


Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH -— Spotted, but caused local damage 
in several counties. (Knowlton). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Activity remained at 

a low level in central area of State. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Common 

in ears of sweet and field corn throughout Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). MARYLAND —- Generally low in sweet corn. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 

VIRGINIA - Continued very heavy in sweet corn on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). 
NORTH CAROLINA - In peanut stems in Gates County. (Newsome, Farrier). ALABAMA - 
Second-generation larvae light in grain sorghum, few pupae in corn. (Eden). WIS. 
First-brood infestation in Jefferson, Washington, Dodge and Fond du Lac Counties 
averaged 9 percent in early field and sweet corn. Over half of larvae in fourth 
instar, no pupae observed. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Majority in third 
instar. Development increased by hot weather. Pupation 10 percent in south- 
east district. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - First-generation populations 
lower than a year ago in central and southwestern areas but higher in western, 
northwestern and northeastern parts of the State. Increase will be noticeable 
in late-maturing corn. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). IOWA - Moth flight in southern 


712 


two-thirds of State heavier than in 1957. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). ARKANSAS — Found 
for first time in Dallas County on corn. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). NORTH DAKOTA - 
First generation generally at non-economic levels. Mostly third instar. 

(N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestations averaged 44 percent in east 
central district, with 70 larvae per 100 plants. Larvae in third to fourth 
instars, with third instar dominant. (Hantsbarger, Klix). NEBRASKA - Egg 
deposition for second brood has begun. Counts light, averaged 14 per 100 
stalks in northeast and 20 in east central area. (Andersen). KANSAS - No 
evidence of first-brood activity found in corn fields examined in irrigated 
area of northern Jewell and Republic Counties. (Matthew). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MASSACHUSETTS - Retarded by cool weather, but 
increasing slowly. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW JERSEY - Activity still 
light as of August 4, except in area around Indian Mills, Burlington County. 
(Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Common in field corn ears. (Conrad, MacCreary). 
MARYLAND - Generally low in sweet corn. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - 
Caused medium damage to corn in Orange County. (Morris, Estes). None found 
on peanuts or soybeans surveyed in James City, Princess Anne, Nansemond, 
Southampton and Greensville Counties. (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Oviposition 
count on corn silks at Faison for last 3 weeks averaged 0.93, 6.1 and 11.2 
eggs per silk. (Farrier). GEORGIA - Moderate on-pearl millet in Lowndes 
County and on grain sorghum in Macon County. (Johnson). ALABAMA —- Adults 
increased in number in several crops. Larvae on peanuts in southeastern 


section and adults on same crop in Conecuh County. (Eden). Large numbers 
of adults observed on soybeans in Baldwin County. (Ruffin, Grimes). ARKANSAS - 
Large numbers in late-planted corn and on grain sorghum. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


NEBRASKA - Appeared in field corn. Light, averaged 2 per 10-ear sample. 
(Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-12 per head on sorghum in Carter County, 


lighter in surrounding counties. (Flora). TEXAS - Averaged one per head in 
late grain sorghum in Brazos, Burleson and Robertson Counties. Heavily ragged 
leaves of peanuts in Frio County. (Randolph). NEVADA - Heavy on sweet corn 


in Fallon area, Churchill County. (Bechtel, Aug. 1). COLORADO - Late-instar 
larvae feeding on tassels in Delta County, many have pupated. (Exp. Sta. Ext? 
Ser.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on corn in Torrance, Rio Arriba and Sandoval Counties. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) -— SOUTH DAKOTA —- Counts light, averaged one 

beetle per 20 sweeps in alfalfa fields in east central and southeast areas. 
(Hantsbarger, Klix). NEBRASKA - D. longicornis, D. virgifera and D. undecimpunctata 
howardi caused extensive damage to silks of corn in northeast and east central 
areas. (Andersen). COLORADO - D. virgifera feeding on leaves and silks, 5-10 

per plant, Mesa County. (Exp. Sta., Ext. Ser.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - MASSACHUSETTS - Caused serious damage to 
corn and related crops. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). NEW JERSEY - Egg masses 
found on field corn in Burlington County area. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - 
Heavy damage to late field corn in southeastern Sussex County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). MARYLAND - Continued to damage late sweet corn throughout State, 

also damaged silage corn in southern and central sections. Spotty in mature 
corn, damage negligible. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaged whorls 

of corn used for ensilage in Culpeper County (Rowell, Heltzel), and feeding 

on peanut leaves and acting as shatterworms on grain sorghum in Sussex County 
fields (Morrison, Parson). Heavy in some corn fields. (Greenwood). GEORGIA - 
Moderate on grain sorghum in Baldwin, Seminole and Sumter Counties, heavy in 
Brooks County. Light on coastal Bermuda grass in Brooks and Colquitt Counties. 
(Johnson). ALABAMA - Larvae observed on peanuts in southeast section and 
adults on same crop in Conecuh County. (Eden). Large numbers of adults on 
soybeans in Baldwin County. (Ruffin, Grimes). LOUISIANA - Heavy in late corn 
in Ouachita Parish and generally throughout State. (Spink). ILLINOIS - 
Abundant in late corn in southern area. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Large 
numbers in late-planted corn and on grain sorghum. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


713 


KANSAS - Light to moderate in few corn fields examined in Ellsworth, Lincoln, 
Mithcell, Cloud and Jewell Counties. Infestations ranged 4-28 percent in late- 
planted corn now showing tassel. (Matthew). TEXAS - Averaged 1-2 per stalk on 
grain sorghum in Robertson County. (Randolph). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - ARKANSAS - Larvae heavy on heads of 
sorghum grain in some areas. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Averaged 5-25 per 
head in scattered fields of late grain sorghum in Burleson County. (Randolph). 


DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - DELAWARE - Adults and larvae numerous 
in corn. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Moths emerging 
in southwestern part of State, Few larvae in corn stalks, mostly pupae. Found 
in Union County for a new record. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Nymphs heavy in localized areas 
in grain sorghum fields in parts of Saline, McPherson and Rice Counties. 
Heaviest on plants already headed. Few plants showed considerable stunting. 
(Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Severe damage to one field of corn in Lincoln County, 
with thousands of nymphs and adults per plant. Lighter damage to other corn 
fields and sorghum in same area, (Coppock) . 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - TEXAS - Heavy on grain sorghums in Swisher 
and Lynn Counties. (Hawkins). IDAHO -— Mass migrations of N. ericae occurred 
in Franklin County. (Bishop). ra 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - Light on grain sorghum in 
northern section. (Eden). DELAWARE - Increased on early and mid-season field 
corn throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). WYOMING - Continued to increase 
throughout Laramie, Goshen and Platte Counties. Little damage will probably 
result, as most corn has already been pollinated. (Davison). VIRGINIA - 
Heavy on sorghum in some fields of Nansemond, Southampton, Isle of Wight and 
Princess Anne Counties. Predators have about brought them under control. 
(Boush). WISCONSIN - Increased in southern corn fields. Up to 52 percent of 
tassels infested in some Grant and Jefferson County corn fields. Populations 
high in Eau Claire County corn fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - 
Light to moderate in eastern section corn. Predators abundant in all fields. 
(N. D. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Medium to heavy in late grain sorghum in Brazos, 
Burleson and Robertson Counties. (Randolph). NEBRASKA - Continued abundant 
in most corn and milo fields in northeast and east central regions. Predators 
and parasites very abundant. (Andersen). MINNESOTA - High numbers on corn 
throughout State. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Increasing but still not of 
great concern. (I11l. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy on corn near Moriarty, 
Torrance County, light to heavy on sorghum, Quay, Colfax and Torrance Counties. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


A SYRPHID (Mesogramma polita) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on corn tassels in Princess 
Anne County corn field. (Morris, Cockrell). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - IDAHO - Abundant in corn fields 
throughout southern, eastern and south central areas. (Manis, Gittins, Foote). 


ENGLIGH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - NEW MEXICO — Medium to heavy on 
wheat, Colfax County. (N. M. Coop. Rp 


STINK BUGS - NEW MEXICO —- Chlorochroa ligata and Acrosternum hilare light on 

small grains, heavy on seed alfalfa, Quay and Colfax Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
UTAH - Caused conspicuous damage to fall grains in Lakepoint area, with esti- 
mated 75 percent reduction in yields. Severely damaged barley in Vernon area. 
Control required in some Millard County alfalfa seed fields. (Knowlton). 


714 


LOUISIANA - Oebalus pugnax averaged 5.8 adults and 7 nymphs per 50 sweeps in 
1l rice fields in Jefferson Davis, St. Landry and Calcasieu Parishes. Ranged 
100-300 per 100 sweeps at Gueyden, Vermilion Parish. (Spink). 


EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - First adults of season caught on evening 
of June 17 in two exploratory traps south of Newark, NEW YORK, and first flight 
observed in same location June 23. First adults also observed in area of 
original infestation at Meriden, CONNECTICUT, June 24. (PPC, East. Reg., June 
Rpit.):. 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - MASSACHUSETTS - Caused serious damage to corn 
and related crops. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). RHODE ISLAND - Nearly full-grown 
larvae heavy in small millet field near Westerly. Caused complete defoliation 
of 10 acres of field corn and crabgrass ground cover in North Kingstown. (Hansen, 
Kerr). TENNESSEE - Heavy in Bradley County, 10-15 per square foot in Sudan 
grass and millet. (Bennet). NORTH CAROLINA - Very heavy on some military 
reservations in eastern part of State. (PPC). Cleared cover crop on 5 acres 

of orchard in Henderson County and one-quarter to one-half of field of sorghum 
and soybeans for silage. Other fields infested. (Jones, Farrier). MINNESOTA - 
Reported in Fergus Falls area in oats damaged by hail and which have stooled out 
after heavy rains. Some treatment may be warranted to produce crop from hail- 
damaged fields, and to prevent movement into other crops. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae averaged 40-50 per square foot in wheatgrass in localized 
area of Fall River County. (Hantsbarger, Klix). CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy on 
corn at Placerville, El Dorado County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ARMYWORMS - NEW JERSEY - Lawn grasses and Sudan grasses present hosts in Warren, 
Mercer and Atlantic Counties. Infestations light to moderate, widely scattered. 
Field corn large enough to withstand infestations in most areas. Sudan grass 
and bromegrass in alfalfa may be seriously damaged and need protection. (Ins. 
Dis. Newsl.). GEORGIA - Heavy on grain sorghum and millet in Gwinnett and Hall 
Counties. (Johnson). NEVADA - Laphygma exigua damaged alfalfa in Pershing 
County, August 1. (Bechtel). 


YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - UTAH - Caused some damage 
to alfalfa in eastern Millard County. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Very light on 
peanuts in peanut growing area of State. (Boush). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - IDAHO —- Late-instar larvae 
common but not abundant on eastern and east central alfalfa fields. Averaged 
one per sweep in seed fields near Delco, less than one per 5 sweeps in most 
other fields. (Gittins, Foote). 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) — ALABAMA - Few larvae observed 
on peanuts in Conecuh County, light numbers on soybeans in Baldwin County. 
(Grimes). Large numbers of adults on soybeans in Baldwin County. (Ruffin, 
Grimes). 


WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - KANSAS - Moderate to heavy, 10-40 percent tip 
infestation in alfalfa in widely scattered localized areas in Clay, Sabine, 
Ellsworth and Lincoln Counties. Adults averaged 15 per 25 sweeps in one 
alfalfa field beginning new growth. (Matthew). NORTH DAKOTA — Scattered, heavy 
L. sticticalis larval infestations damaged flax in Benson, Towner, Cavalier 
and Renville Counties. (N.D. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA — Remained light to very 
light on alfalfa throughout State. Damage much less than during past two 
years. (Coppock). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Very light, 1-3 larvae per 
100 sweeps in alfalfa. avigne, Shaw, July 31). 


715 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MASSACHUSETTS - Damage light. Adults 
moderately abundant, 17 per square foot on alfalfa. (Lavigne, Shaw, July 31). 


CLOVER SEED WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) - UTAH - Found east of Smithfield, 
Cache County, June 7. First record for the State. Det. R. E. Warner. 
(Knowlton). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) -—- MARYLAND - On soybeans generally, in 
low numbers. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Heavy on soybeans in many fields 
in southeastern area. (Greenwood, Boush). 


BLISTER BEETLES - RHODE ISLAND - Epicauta pestifera adults caused light damage 
on alfalfa in North Kingstown area. (Hansen, Boaro). OKLAHOMA - Light, general 
in alfalfa throughout State. Heavy in Alfalfa County, very spotted in fields 
with 0-90 adults per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). NEW MEXICO - Probably Epicauta 
corvina, light to heavy and spotty in small grains and alfalfa, Colfax County. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - LOUISIANA - Averaged 37 per 50 sweeps on lespedeza 
in St. Landry Parish. (Spink). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - ARKANSAS - Present in several areas, but 
control measures have not been required. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Damage 
to soybean leaves in 5 counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Common in 
alfalfa and clover throughout State. First to third-instar larvae common 

to prevalent on soybeans. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Light in each 

of 3 fields surveyed in Princess Anne, Southampton, Nansemond and Greensville 
Counties. (Morris). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - DELAWARE - Decreasing on forage crops. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND — Damage to soybeans sporadic. (U. Md., Ent. 
Dept.). VIRGINIA - Going through thrashing machines and getting into small 
grain in some eastern areas, causing quarantine problem. Heavy only in spots 
of eastern part of State where they weres generally heavy in 1957. (Williams). 
Much lighter in Holland area of Southampton and Nansemond Counties than in 
1957. (Boush). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Very light on soybeans 
in southern part of State. (Grimes). MARYLAND - In low numbers generally on 
soybeans. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Unusually light. Ranged O-6 per 
100 sweeps in vicinity of Amherst, 0-10 in Berkshire County and 0-61 in Worcester 
County. (Lavigne, Shaw, July 31). DELAWARE - Slight increase. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). KANSAS - Found in most alfalfa fields examined in central and north 
central counties surveyed. Non-economic, with 5-85 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). 
UTAH - Increased in many parts of State, control necessary in Juab, Millard 

and Weber Counties. Threatening in many fieds. (Knowlton). IDAHO — Abundant 

in alfalfa fields in Cassia and Minidoka Counties. Often above 100 per 

sweep. (Gittins, Foote). WYOMING - Light in alfalfa throughout eastern part 

of State. (Davison). NEVADA - Declining. (Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO —- Light 

to medium on alfalfa in several counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - 
Averaged 250 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa, Mesa, Delta, Montrose and Garfield 
Counties, and 4,000 per 100 sweeps in some areas at high elevations. (Exp. Sta.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KENTUCKY - Found June 27 in an 
alfalfa field in Christian County. This is first collection for this county, 
with 18 taken in 50 sweeps. (Starks). ALABAMA - Light infestation of winged 
forms on alfalfa in Lee County. (Guyton). KANSAS —- Found in about one-half 


716 


of alfalfa fields examined in Clay, Saline, McPherson, Rice, Ellsworth and 
Lincoln Counties. Non-economic, with 8-35 per 25 sweeps. Few winged forms found 
in northern Lincoln County. (Matthew). Ranged to highs of 100 per sweep in 
several alfalfa fields in Reno County south of Hutchinson. (Martinez) . 

OKLAHOMA - Light in north central and central alfalfa fields, 0-40 per 10 
sweeps typical. Considerably higher in isolated fields in Alfalfa County. 
(Coppock). TEXAS - Very light on alfalfa in Brazos, Burleson and Robertson 
Counties. (Randolph). UTAH - More common in counties as far north as Delta, 
Millard County. Natural enemies generally abundant in alfalfa fields. 
(Knowlton). NEVADA - One and two per 10 sweeps in irrigated alfalfa in 
Churchill County. Appearing in Pershing County. (Bechtel, Aug. 1). COLORADO - 
Infestation expanded from Liberty to Fruita, Mesa County, averaged 20 per 100 
sweeps. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Light but increased in northern one-third 
of State. Heavy in Valencia and Socorro Counties. Generally light in southern 
half of State, with heavy, spotty infestations. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - MASSACHUSETTS - L. lineolaris about normal, 20-40 

per 100 sweeps in all western counties. (Lavigne, Shaw, July 31). SOUTH 

DAKOTA - Adults average 5 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in east central area, 14 

per 10 sweeps in southeast. (Hantsbarger, Klix). IDAHO — Abundant in most 
south central and eastern alfalfa fields. General haying in these areas has 
contributed to large increase of adults in seed fields. Nymphal numbers high 
also. Often reached 20 per sweep in Burley and Rupert areas, with approximately 
a 50-50 adult-nymph ratio. lL. hesperus most common species. (Gittins, Foote). 
UTAH - Caused heavy stripping of seed alfalfa, Tooele County. L. elisus and 

L. hesperus required control on seed alfalfa throughout State. "Populations high. 
(Knowlton). NEVADA - Moderate to heavy on alfalfa August 1, heavier than last 
year. (Coop. Rpt.) COLORADO - L. elisus and L. hesperus averaged 200-300 per 
100 sweeps in Mesa, Delta, Montrose and Garfield Counties. (Exp. Sta.). 

NEW MEXICO - L. elisus heavy in most alfalfa fields, Colfax, Quay and Torrance 
Counties. Damaged seed alfalfa in Tucumcari area. (Ni. “Me Coops Rpt.): 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WISCONSIN — Adult numbers high 
in many alfalfa fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


PLANT BUGS - WISCONSIN - Adelphocoris lineolatus adult numbers high in many 
alfaltamtievds.. Wis.  Coopssisune) 


CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Nine adults 
per 10 sweeps on alfalfa in east central area, 14 per 10 sweeps in southeast. 
(Hantsbarger, Klix). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Exceptionally light on 
second-cutting alfalfa. Averaged 2-18 per 100 sweeps in Hampshire County, 

0-30 in Berkshire County and 1-8 in Worcester County. (Lavigne, Shaw, July 31). 
DELAWARE - Prevalent in red clover and alfalfa in New Castle County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). VIRGINIA - Severe on alfalfa in some Albermarle County fields, 
especially where parts of fields were cut 7-10 days early (Scott), nymphs caused 
damage to Stafford County alfalfa field (Beck). Damage more general to peanuts 
in southeastern counties. Averaged 3-4 per sweep. (Clark, Boush). Survey 
showed medium numbers in each of 3 fields of peanuts in Nansemond, Southampton 
and Greensville Counties. Some fields recently treated for leafhopper control. 
(Morris). WISCONSIN - Some yellowing of alfalfa. Averaged 8 per sweep in 
Outagamie County. Caused some damage to Dane County alfalfa. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - LOUISIANA - Heavy in 
alfalfa, Caddo and Bossier Parishes. (Spink). NEW MEXICO - Light in Mora 
County alfalfa. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on 
peanuts in Cook, Colquitt, Grady, Seminole, Miller and Terrell Counties. (Johnson) . 
OKLAHOMA - Generally 2-4 percent of terminals infested in several fields checked 
in Caddo County. (Flora). 


717 
AN ACROLOPHID (Acrolophus sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae damaged lawn grasses 
locally in Wayne County. (Wray, Capps). 


A CHINCH BUG (Blissus sp.) - GEORGIA - Heavy in St. Augustine grass in Terrell 
County. (Johnson). 


SAGEBRUSH DEFOLIATOR (Aroga websteri) - UTAH - Larvae severely damaged big 
sage in parts of Ft. Duchesne in the Roosevelt area. (Knowlton) . 


WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged 
rangeland in San Miguel, Union, Harding and Colfax Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - Injured grass sod lawns at 
several eastern locations. QiaDeinse Rpts) 


718 


FRUIT INSECTS 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MASSACHUSETTS ~- In many orchards in 
Amherst area. OvipoSition underway. (Crop Pest Cont. Mess.). MINNESOTA - Fly 
activity still high in all areas. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


MITES - DELAWARE - Tetranychus schoenei populations building up on apple trees 
in southern Sussex County. (Kelsey). INDIANA - Mites in Several orchards 

in Vincennes are still high enough to warrant control. Both Panonychus ulmi 
and T. telarius present but frequency of heavy T. telarius populations 
increasing. (Hamilton). Considerable damage by P. ulmi in many apple plantings 
in Orleans area. (Marshall). NEW MEXICO - Bryobia praetiosa complex and 
Tetranychus mcdanieli browning foliage of apple trees in Bernalillo, Sandoval, 
Sante Fe and Rio Arriba Counties. Many T. mcdanieli infestations extremely 
heavy and in some orchards over-wintering forms preSent. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
UTAH - Fruit mites commonly discoloring apple and Sometimes pear foliage in 

5 counties. (Knowlton). OREGON - Some severe infestations of Vasates fockeui 
on young prune trees in Willamette Valley and on nursery stock in Portland — 
area. (Every, Capizzi). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - INDIANA - Early third-brood larvae 
expected to enter apples in Vincennes area about August 12. Injury in 
commercial orchards extremely light. (Hamilton). MINNESOTA - Entrance holes 
on apples in Twin City area. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) -— NEW MEXICO - Damaging apple and pear trees 
in Rio Arriba County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Continues on persimmon 
and pecans over State. (Grimes). 


GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Damaging apple foliage in Sandoval, Valencia 
and Bernalillo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OREGON - Built up to 
economic numbers in some WaShington County gooseberry fields. (Rosenstiel). 
COLORADO - Building up in cover crops and in some areas high populations on 
apple trees in Montrose, Delta, Mesa and Garfield Counties. (Exp. Sta., 
Ext. Ser.). IDAHO - Small fruits severely damaged in Franklin County. 
(Gittins, Foote). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - GEORGIA - Much more abundant than 
usual this time of year Fort Valley area. Unusually late peach harvest 
contributed to buildup in late peaches. (Snapp, July 31). INDIANA - Light 

in most peach orchards in Vincennes area. (Hamilton). 


PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy on almond 
in Yolo, Yolo County and medium on plum in Chula Vista area of San Diego 
County.  \(Cal= Coop: 2Rptiz): 


PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging cherry and choke cherry 
foliage in Mora County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - Severely injuring foliage 
of pear and cherry in several localities in Bingham County. (Bishop). 


LEAF MINERS - CALIFORNIA - A species, tentatively identified as Nepticula 
juglandifoliella, causing serious injury to walnut trees near King City, 
Monterey County. An estimated 100 acres of a 600-planting infested. 
(Michelbacher). 


A GRAPE LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Very heavy infestations 
on untreated vines throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


fat) 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - IDAHO - Abundant in beet fields in 
Franklin, Minidoka and Cassia Counties. Incidence of curly top in these fields 
running from 1-5 percent. Tomatoes in gardens in Franklin County seriously 
injured with many plants lost to curly top. (Foote, Gittins). The overall 
average for Rupert, Burley, Twin Falls and Jerome areas is 6.6 percent per 
field with the Twin Falls area showing highest indicence of curly top. Some 
bean fields in area plowed up because of curly top. (T. F. F. S.). UTAH - Still 
conspicuous and abundant generally on favored host plants. Little increase 

in curly top loss on tomatoes since early July. (Dorst, Knowlton). 

COLORADO - In Montrose, Delta, Garfield, Mesa and Routt Counties, incidence 

of curly top estimated to be: sugar beets 50-60 percent, tomatoes 50-80 percent, 
beans 20-30 percent and spinach 100 percent. Insect in Routt County averaged 
1-3 per lettuce plant. (Exp. Sta., Ext. Ser., July 29). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - IDAHO - Rather high numbers of adults 
in light traps in Twin FallIs but no heavy larval infestations in beet fields 
to August 8. (T. F. F. S.). Practically no larvae found in eastern and east 
central areas. Lambsquarter and Russian thistle near beet fields show very 
little damage from feeding. (Gittins, Foote). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - NEW MEXICO - Severe damage to 
beans in Mora County, light to heavy on beans in Torrance County. (N. M. 
Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Light damage continues in southeastern area. 
(Davison). ALABAMA - Heavy on lima beans in Chilton County. (Blake). 
DELAWARE - Decreased generally on lima beans over State but still common 
to prevalent in some fields in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae about full grown, infestations spotty and generally 
light, eastern area. (Witcomb, Garland, Aug. 1). 


MARGINED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pestifera) - DELAWARE - Common on lima 
beans in central Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WASHINGTON - All stages 
heavy on beans at Moses Lake. Beans at Quincy lightly infested. (Landis). 
IDAHO - Severe injury to garden strawberries in Bingham County, several light 
infestations on potatoes in Bonneville County. (Bishop). Infestations on 
wide variety of plants in most parts of eastern area. (Gittins, Foote). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - WYOMING - Infestation remains 
unchanged from August 2 report in Southeast area. No psyllids observed 

in east central and northeastern areas on matrimonyvine or potatoes. (Davison). 
NEW MEXICO - Heavy and severely damaging potatoes and tomatoes in San Juan 
County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Damaging 
tomatoes in several areas of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). WASHINGTON - Large 
areas of potatoes completely defoliated in Columbia Basin. Control not 
applied. (Landis). IDAHO - Very common in almost all south central areas 
wherever adequate controls not applied. Generally the infestation this year 

is higher than in many previous years, but damage not too extensive. (Gittins, 
Foote). Populations decreasing in fields of upper Snake River Valley. (Bishop). 


POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - DELAWARE - Prevalent on potatoes 
in New Castle County.: (MacCreary, Conrad). MAINE - Trace numbers 

of summer generation adults in experimental plantings of potatoes on 
Aroostook Farm or in commercial plantings in central and southern Aroostook 
County. (Shands). 


720 


A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca filamenta) - WASHINGTON - Infestation heaviest for 
several years in Kittitas County on potato foliage. (Landis). IDAHO - Very 
numerous in potato fields in Bingham and Bonneville Counties. (Bishop). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - DELAWARE - Common on peppers. (MacCreary, 


Conrad). MAINE - Generally present in fields’ of central, southeastern and 
southern Aroostook County potatoes. (Shands). UTAH - Conspicuously infesting 
peppers at Nephi. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Average about one per 7 leaves in 


potato fields in vicinity of Idaho Falls. (Bishop). 


HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - ALABAMA - Moderate on collards in 
Chilton County. (Blake). COLORADO - Spotted infestations on cabbage on July 15 
in Wellington area, Larimer County, as high as 50 per plant, causing severe 
damage. Control applied. Plants with 2-3 egg masses. (Exp. Sta., July 29). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - IDAHO - Larvae very common in commercial 
cabbage in Franklin County. In fields checked nearly all developing heads 
showed severe larval damage. (Gittins, Foote). RHODE ISLAND - Adults 
ovipositing on cabbage in Narragansett area. (Hansen). VIRGINIA - Severe on 
cole crops on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). 


DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - DELAWARE - Larvae common on cole 
crops in Kent and New Castle Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - 
Severe on cole crops on Eastern Shore. Control inefficient. (Hofmaster). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - MARYLAND - Heavy in broccoli and other 
crucifers. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NEW MEXICO - Light to medium on garden 
tomatoes in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Severe on cole 
crops on Eastern Shore. Control unsatisfactory. (Hofmaster). RHODE ISLAND - 
Common on cabbage in Narragansett area. (Hansen). 


PICKLEWORMS (Diaphania spp.) - ALABAMA - D. nitidalis and D. hyalinata caused 
considerable damage to cantaloup in Lee County. (Ruffin). ~ 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - VIRGINIA - 
Has spread cucumber wilt to cucumber crops on Eastern Shore and damage heavy 
in some cases. (Hofmaster). 


APHIDS - TEXAS - Heavy on cucumbers in Hale County. (Hawkins). COLORADO - 
Macrosiphum solanifolii and Myzus persicae adults and nymphs increasing on 
potatoes in Weld and Garfield Counties, 20 winged adults per 100 sweeps and 
average of 6 per 20 leaves. (Exp. Sta, July 29). MARYLAND - Generally heavy 
on peppers in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - 
Brevicoryne brassicae moderate on cabhage in Narragansett. (Hansen). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Heavy in peppers. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


ASPARAGUS BEETLES (Crioceris spp.) - DELAWARE - C. asparagi adults and larvae 
common and adults of C. duodecimpunctata common On aSparagus ferns over State. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - OREGON - Troublesome in some Marion 
County blackberry plantings. (Stephenson). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) -— WASHINGTON - Worst epidemic in 
Pullman area since 1955. Cutting silks of corn; defoliating vegetable crops 
such as beans, Swiss chard, lettuce and radishes; defoliating young fruit 
trees; feeding on garden flowers and nuisance in households. (Johansen). 


721 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - Populations “low 
in Kenosha County but 10 times as numerous in Rhinelander area. Yellows occur 
in 75 percent of untreated lettuce in Madison. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


APHIDS - MARYLAND -—- Increased on tobacco, but damage not severe. (U. Md., 

Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Very light in 3 fields surveyed in Greensville County. 
(Morris). FLORIDA - Myzus persicae remained potential threat to shade 

tobacco. Experimental plots rendered completely worthless by aphid injury. 
Gilat CoopAySureD i 


BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - FLORIDA - Appeared shortly after transplanting. 
Very few eggs observed until May 16. Population increased until last harvest 
of leaves was made. Damage overshadowed all other insect damage in 1958. 
Infestation greatest since 1956. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). VIRGINIA - Averaged one 
per 25 plants in one of 3 fields surveyed in Greensville County. (Morris). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Appeared in shade tobacco 3-5 days 
after transplanting, remained throughout season. Reached peak about June 9, 
decreased gradually thereafter. Damage slightly greater than in 1957, possibly 
due to lateness of crop. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


FLEA BEETLES -— MARYLAND - Abundant in most tobacco fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
VIRGINIA - Epitrix hirtipennis light to numerous on tobacco in Pittsylvania 
County (Dominick) and averaged 3.5, 3 and 1 per leaf on tobacco plants in 

3 Greensville County fields (Morris). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Damage to tobacco generally light. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - First, second and third-instar larvae generally light 

in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). One larva per 25 plants found in one field, 

of 3 surveyed in Greensville County. (Morris). FLORIDA - Appeared in shade 

tobacco approximately one month after planting. Infestation smallest since 1955. 
First brood caused very little damage. Tobacco was almost harvested before 

second brood could cause much damage. (Fla. Coop. Sur.) 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Increasing fast south 
central area. (Mistric). Spotty heavy infestations in southeastern area. 
(Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations highest of season. 
Punctures as high as 70-90 percent in untreated fields. (Cott. Lett.). 
Infestations rose rapidly in Florence area. Punctured nearly all remaining 
squares some fields. Insecticides being applied generally. (Fye et al.). 
GEORGIA - Percent punctured squares ranged from 15-85 in few fields in southern 
and central areas. Weevils abundant in squares and young bolls in all fields. 
(Johnson). ALABAMA - Infestations should be treated at four-day intervals in 
southern area. Many small bolls damaged some areas. Infestations beginning 
to increase in northern area. (Grimes). Activity increasing in central 
area. (Rawson). MISSISSIPPI - Light hatch in delta counties. Populations 
remain extremely low. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - Percent infestation 
averaged 17 percent in western counties compared to 30 percent at same time 
in 1957. Heaviest populations in older fields. Migration to younger cotton 
underway locally. Infestations can become serious if rains commence. (Locke). 
LOUISIANA - Percent infestation averaged 5 in East Carroll Parish and from 
2-40 in 9 fields in Tensas Parish. Infestations light to medium in Richland, 
Ouachita, Caldwell and Franklin Parishes. (Spink). Square infestation 
averaged 9 iercent in 152 fields checked in Madison Parish; ranging from 

1-42 percent. Some migration occurred locally in Madison Parish. (Smith et al.). 


722 


ARKANSAS - General emergence of sSecond-generation weevils taking place, 
especially in early planted cotton. Week of August 10 appears to be critical 
week of weevil control. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Square damage ranged 
from 1-27 percent in 68 of 573 fields inspected in Dunklin, Butler, Ripley 
and Stoddard Counties. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Infestations generally very 
light in south central and southwestern areas; square counts in Grady County 
2-3 percent, 1-2 percent in Cotton County, less than one percent in isolated 
fields in Tillman County. (Flora). TEXAS - Infestations scarce in dryland 
fields in McLennan and Falls Counties; under control in irrigated fields. 
(Parencia et al.). VIRGINIA - Punctured 1-28 percent of squares in fields 

in Nansemond, Southampton, and Greensville Counties. (Morris). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - VIRGINIA - Present on cotton in Nansemond 
and Southampton Counties. (Morris). NORTH CAROLINA - Considerable moth activity 
and oviposition on cotton. Control satisfactory to August 8. (Mistric). 

Not serious generally. (Cott. News Lett.). SOUTH CAROLINA - Making another 
appearence in cotton fields. (Cott. Lett.). Remain a very great threat to 
young bolls in Florence area. Many heavy infestations reported. Parasites 

and predators do not appear in large numbers. (Fye et al.). GEORGIA - Egg 
counts averaged 25 per 100 terminals and larval counts averaged 5 per 100 
terminals. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Infestations decreased some areas. (Grimes). 
Egg-laying continues on cotton in northern area. (Eden). MISSISSIPPI - Heavy 
egg deposition and hatch occurred in delta counties. Treatment general in area. 
(Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - Average infestation 7 percent in western counties. 
Heaviest infestations in poorly treated fields. If weather conditions continue, 
bollworms will probably cause more damage over State than boll weevil. (Locke). 


LOUISIANA - Average infestation 7 percent in East Carroll Parish. Light 
infestations in Richland Parish, medium to heavy infestations in Ouachita 
Parish and heavy infestations in Caldwell Parish. Several fields in Franklin 
Parish ranged from 2-8 larvae and 3-10 eggs per 100 terminals. (Spink). 

Square infestations became rather heavy with some boll damage in Madison 
Parish. Average infestation was 10 percent in infested fields. (Smith et al.). 
ARKANSAS - Moths continue active. Egg deposition down some areas. (Ark. Ins. 
Rpt.). MISSOURI - Infestations ranged from 1-6 eggs and 1-12 larvae per 100 
terminals in 418 of 573 fields inspected. Few previously treated fields now 
require control. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA —- Populations averaged 4 percent 
infested bolls in Grady County; 12 percent in Caddo County; 8 percent in Cotton 
County; 15 percent in Tillman County. However, isolated fields have much 
higher percentages than those given. (Flora). TEXAS - Egg deposition continues 
in irrigated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. Eggs averaged about 40 
and larvae 2-3 per 100 terminals. Square and boll injury light; control 

good. (Parencia et al.). NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy, spotty infestations 

in Deming area, 8 fields checked averaged 20-40 larvae per 100 terminals; 
generally light in Dona Ana and light to medium in Eddy County, spotty 
throughout Chaves County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Heavy infestations 
some Pima County fields. General but lighter infestations in Maricopa and 
Pinal Counties. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). CALIFORNIA - Counts generally 
low in Madera, Tulare, Fresno and Imperial Counties. Infestations being 
checked by predators most of Fresno County but quite plentiful along Sierra 
foothills.. (Cott. Lett.). 


APHIDS - VIRGINIA - Generally light in Greensville and Southampton Counties. 
Heavy in spots of treated field in Southampton County. (Morris). SOUTH 

CAROLINA - Present most counties but no serious infestation reported in 

fields other than mature ones. (Cott. Lett.). Continue to buildup in Florence 
area, but not in economic numbers. (Fye et al.). GEORGIA - Light medium 
infestations of Aphis gossypii in 10 counties; heavy in Berrien County. 
(Johnson). ALABAMA - Heavy infestations of A. gossypii on cotton in southwestern 
area. (Ruffin, Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations general in untreated fields 


723 


over delta counties. Light damage apparent. (Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - 
Light infestations in Ouachita, Richland, St. Landry, Evangeline and 

Caldwell Parishes. (Spink). Counts made in 13 infested fields in Madison 
Parish averaged .75 per Square inch. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Populations 
increasing some fields where regular control program begun. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
NEW MEXICO - Heavy spot infestations of A. gossypii in many fields and general 
but light in others near Deming, Luna County; generally light with heavy spot 
infestations in Dona Ana, Eddy, Chaves, Socorro, Lea and Otero Counties. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPIDER MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - Appearing in isolated areas. (Cott. News Lett.). 
SOUTH CAROLINA —- Most general infestations in Coastal Plain Counties. (Cott. 
Lett.). Scattered spotty infestations in Florence area; no major outbreak 
evident. May be potential defoliators of rank cotton in area. (Fye et al.). 
GEORGIA - Light to moderate infestations in 11 counties. (Johnson). 

ALABAMA - Continue to damage cotton several areas of State. Severe infestations 
in Randolph County. Infestations rather general in northern area where 
treatments not used. (Grimes, Eden). MISSISSIPPI - Light to medium infestation 
general over delta counties. (Merkl et al.), TENNESSEE - Tetranychus telarius 
causing heavy scattered damage over western area cotton. Conditions for further 
buildup ideal. (Locke). LOUISIANA - Light infestations in Ouahita, Richland, 
St. Landry, Evangeline and Caldwell Parishes. (Spink). Numerous spotted 
infestations generally found following use of DDT combination insecticides 

in Madison Parish. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Continue to increase in several 
areas, especially in northeast. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Infestations 
ranging from marginal to spot defoliation found in 291 of 573 fields examined. 
(Kyd, Thomas). TEXAS - Light to medium infestations noted in few fields in 
McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). ARIZONA - Few outbreaks at 
Queen Creek and Goodyear areas in Maricopa County. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 
CALIFORNIA - Spreading rapidly and causing some damage in Madera County. 

Nearly all untreated fields in Fresno County infested. Many fields require 
control. Becoming quite widespread in San Joaquin County; severe infestations 
around Burrel, Fresno County. (Cott. Lett.). 


LOOPERS - GEORGIA - Light infestations of Trichoplusia ni on cotton in Berrien, 
Lowndes, Cook, Grady, Miller and Sumter Counties. (Johnson). ALABAMA - Heavy 
infestations of T. ni on cotton in Butler County. (Arant). OKLAHOMA - Light, 
general populations Showing up in southern fields; heavy in a few isolated 
fields. (Flora). ARIZONA - Leaf ragging as high as 60-80 percent in Pinal 
County. Virus disease prevalent but small loopers abundant. (Bottger, 
Kauffman, Sheets). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - Moderate infestation on cotton in 
Limestone County. (Arant). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ALABAMA - Additional infestations, 
boring into upper portion of cotton Stalks, northern area. (Eden). 


PLANT BUGS - MISSISSIPPI - Populations relatively spotty in delta counties, 
ranging from light to heavy. Damage still showing up in some older fields. 
(Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - Heavy many fields in western area. (Locke). 
NEW MEXICO - Populations of Lygus spp. continue high in Pima and Maricopa 
Counties. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets) . 


LEAF ROLLERS - ARIZONA - Few infestations in Peoria and Tolleson areas of 
Maricopa County. Destructive populations in several fields in Pinal County. 
(Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


STINK BUGS (Chlorochroa ligata and Acrosternum hilare) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging 
cotton in Quay County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


724 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


SAWFLIES - DELAWARE - Nematus ventralis almost completely defoliated willow in 
an area of Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). WISCONSIN - Generally heavy 
populations of Pristiphora erichsonii in northwest area but not as heavy as 

in 1957. Some pupation. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Pikonema alaskensis 
caused considerable defoliation on a roadside planting of Spruce trees, 
St. Louis County. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


Sawfly Situation in Northeast - A sawfly caused medium defoliation of 5 acres 
of pitch pine in Ulster County, NEW YORK. In St. Marys County, MARYLAND, a 
sawfly, probably Neodiprion taedae, in large numbers on young loblolly pines. 
Pleuroneura borealis generally present in northern NEW HAMPSHIRE and MAINE. 
Abundant and injury to fir in eastern Maine of serious concern to Christmas 
tree operators. N. lecontei attacking red pine in many areas of Saratoga, Lewis 
and St. Lawrence Counties, NEW YORK. Severe defoliation occred in a 20-acre 
planting in Saratoga County that was treated in 1957. Present control appears 
unsatisfactory in other plantations. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptr., Aug. 10). 


WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - NEW JERSEY - Extensive injury to white 
pine and spruce leaders in northwest counties. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). WISCONSIN - 
Infestations heavy in northwestern counties especially in Jack-pine plantations. 
(Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - NEW MEXICO - Infestations moderate 
to heavy in northwestern area. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MAINE - No signs of heavy 

feeding in mid-July in northern area treated in June. Noticeable defoliation 

light to medium, most severe in vicinity of Portage Lake, just outside treated 
area. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptr.). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW JERSEY - Tents very abundant in some 
northern areas of State. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy defoliation 
of poplars and elms in Sante Fe and Rio Arriba Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
VIRGINIA - Conspicuous on pecan, Sourwood and persimmon trees in Pittsylvania 
County. (Dominick). PENNSYLVANIA - Becoming prominent on a number of trees in 
the southeast. (Menusan). MICHIGAN - Nests common over lower half of the 
Lower Peninsula. (Hutson). 


SADDLED PROMINENT (Heterocampa guttivitta) - NEW HAMPSHIRE - A serious infesta- 
tion in its second year cauSing heavy defoliation of beech on southwestern 
slopes of Bald Mountain, near Chocorua. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptr., Aug. 10). 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - Continues abundant on red pine 
throughout northeastern region. Control applied to 68 acres in Garret County, 
MARYLAND. Adults emerged last week in June in PENNSYLVANIA and northern 

NEW JERSEY. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptr.). 


YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - DELAWARE - Moderate damage to 
linden in New Castle County and conspicuous damage to several species of oaks 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) - DELAWARE - Feeding heavily 
on white oaks, Sussex and Kent Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - 
Very heavy on oak in Cecil County along Susquehanna River and in northern part 
of county. Large acreages defoliated, giving appearance of forest fire damage. 
QU. Md... Ent... Dept.):- 


NORWAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus) - WASHINGTON - Heavy damage to 
Norway maples at Sunnyside. (Landis). - Heavily infesting maples at 
Tooele. (Knowlton). 


725 


APHIDS - MINNESOTA - A pine bark aphid, probably Pineus strobi, infesting young 
wind-break plantings of Norway pine in Park Rapids and Grand Rapids areas. 

(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). VERMONT - Chermes piceae generally distributed in fir 

stands throughout most of State. WNorthernmost infestation now known, in vicinity 
of Danville. Tree mortality in many stands. Situation appears increasingly 
serious. Pineus pinifoliae caused loss of planted white pines and severe injury 
to surviving trees at Ripton and Lincoln. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptr., Aug. 10). 


SCALE INSECTS - DELAWARE - Pseudophillipia quaintancii very common on loblolly 
pines in central Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). UTAH - Gossyparia spuria 
complex damaged many elms in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). 


LEAF MINERS - CONNECTICUT - Cameraria hamadryadella heavily infesting oaks 

in several areas in State, especially New Haven and Windsor. Adults emerging 
in Windsor area. Det. by J. C. Schread. (Johnson). NORTH CAROLINA - Cameraria 
sp. mining oak leaves locally in Cumberland County. (Scott, Farrier). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEVADA - Second-brood adults 
numerous and oviposition underway in west central area. (Bechtel, et al., 

Aug. 1). UTAH - Skeletonized a few hundred large elms in Salt Lake County 
particularly in Holladay and Jordon districts. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Outbreaks 
heavy on elm on Eastern Shore this year. (Hofmaster). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - 
Energence well underway. Should reach peak about mid-August. As of August 6, 
1406 cases of Dutch elm disease found. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - 
Infesting elm in Albuquerque. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


~~ 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Light to medium damage to 
mimosa trees in vicinity of Chatam in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). 
PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy feeding on honeylocust in large area of Mifflin County, 
July 31. (Jeffery). Heavy feeding on honeylocust late in July in Dauphin, 
Lancaster and York Counties. (Sleesman). 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - KANSAS - Actively feeding on 
ornamental junipers and Shade trees generally throughout eastern half of 
State. Controls applied some areas. (Gates). NEW JERSEY - Control more 
difficult. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Heavy damage to sycamores in 
New Castle and Sussex Counties, and to willows and chokecherry in Sussex 
County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Severe damage to trees in central 
part of State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


ALDER FLEA BEETLE (Altica ambiens) - CALIFORNIA - Defoliating alders in Camp 
Seeley area, San Bernardino National Forest. (Eaton). 


AN AMETHYST CEDAR BORER (Semanotus amethystinus) - CALIFORNIA - Reported 
working in cedar logs and lumber in mill yard at Sacramento. The fact that 
the borer was penetrating the wood appears to be a deviation from its normal 
habit of a bark and cambium feeder. (Eaton). 


MITES - NEW JERSEY - Spider mites increasing rapidly in some areas on ornamental 
fruit trees. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MARYLAND - Aceria sp. damaging leaves of 
beech in Towson area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Oligonychus bicolor 
heavy on red oak in Sussex County and moderate on same species in Kent County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). MINNESOTA - Spider mites on evergreens, shrubs and 
perennial flowers. Weather has been favorable for mite buildup. (Minn. 

Ins. Rpt.). 


726 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES - NEVADA - Aedes sp. and A. nigromaculis numerous and annoying in 
many areas around Fallon, Churchill County. (Bechtel, Chapman, Lauderdale, 
Aug. 1). NEW MEXICO - Culex tarsalis severe nuisance in Dona Ana, Sierra, 
Socorro, Valencia and Bernalillo Counties. Danger of encephalitis appears 
to be great. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - In 337 larval collections made 
in the Twin City area, August 1-7, Culex tarsalis was taken 50 times and 
Aedes vexans 148; in 68 biting collections C. tarsalis 4 and A. vexans 63; 
in 77 light trap collections C. tarsalis 51, Culiseta inornata 6 and A. 
vexans 7. (Minn. Ins. Rpt)! Ta 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - KANSAS - Moderate to heavy on cattle in pastures 
of central and north central counties. Counts ranged from 300 to over 800 
per animal. (Matthew). 


A SCREW-WORM (Callitroga sp.) — NEW MEXICO - Occasional infestation on cattle 
in northern area of State. Attacking wounds in dog in Dona Ana County. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


TABANIDS -— KANSAS - Tabanus atratus and T. sulcifrons noticeable around 
cattle herds in central and north central counties. (Matthew). IDAHO - 
Chrysops spp. numerous in localized areas in Teton, Bonneville and Bingham 
Counties. (Bishop). 


SHEEP BOT FLY (Oestrus ovis) - IDAHO - Light infestation in a flock of sheep 
near Preston. Adult flies causing lambs to stay in shady areas and go off 
feed with a resultant slower rate of weight gain. (Gittins, Foote) 


FLEAS - MARYLAND - Cat and dog fleas in several parts of State. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). 


FLIES - UTAH - House flies commonly troublesome in restaurants and grocery 
stores in several central counties. Horse bot flies annoying horses in parts 
of 7 counites. (Knowlton). 


TICKS - VIRGINIA - Still heavy along roadways and in woods in some southeast 
areas. (Boush). 


* 727 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) —- Results of all surveys conducted in 
Eastern Region have been negative. (PPC, East. Reg., June Rpt.). 


LARDER BEETLE (Dermestes lardarius) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on sugar-cured 
hams in Fulton County. (Udine). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PARASITES AND PREDATORS - NEW MEXICO — Nabis ferus numerous in most alfalfa 
fields checked, with Scaeva pyraustri larvae abundant in those fields infested 
with pea aphids. Hippodamia convergens very abundant in corn and sorghum 
infested with aphids. Praon Sp. paraSitizing cotton aphids in most cotton 
fields in Dona Ana County, with 75 percent of aphids on some leaves affected. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH — Damsel bugs, lady beetles, big-eyed bugs, 
chrysopids and minute pirate bugs extremely numerous in some Millard, Tooele 
and Salt Lake County alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


ASIATIC GARDEN BEETLE (Autoserica castanea) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy adult 
flight attracted to lights at Narragansett, August 6. (Boaro). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Now most numerous for 

this season, but much below normal. (Whitcomb, Garland, Aug. 1). NORTH 
CAROLINA - Present in Cherokee County for first time. (PPC). WISCONSIN - 

No beetles trapped to date in 610 traps operated in 47 locations in 9 
southeastern counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). First adults in VIRGINIA observed 
June 6 in Norfolk County. Moderate numbers in Charles County by June 12 and 

at higher elevations in Washington County. Adults observed in WEST VIRGINIA 
June 17. No adults observed in PENNSYLVANIA. Two adults found in Poughkeepsie, 
NEW YORK, June 19. None observed in New England during June. (PPC, East. Reg.» 
June Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Favored plants one half defoliated in Westmoreland 
and Allegheny Counties. (Jeffery). Light in Dauphin County. Damage heavy in 
Adams and Franklin Counties. (Sleesman) . 


SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - IDAHO - Large numbers attracted to lights 
in Preston area. Caused considerable nuisance. (Gittins, Foote). 


STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus’ ovatus) - CONNECTICUT - Migrating into 
many homes generally. (Johnson). 


WASPS - NORTH DAKOTA — Vespula spp. troublesome in Fargo area. (N. D. Ins. 
Rpt.). 


A WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) - PENNSYLVANIA - Moderate but quite general 
in homes in the southeastern part of the State. (Menusan). 


Numerous males and females of Brachymyrmex heeri var. obscurior Forel were 
recently sent in for determination with a statement as follows: "Swarmed all 
over passengers and steps and sides of plane as passengers were boarding 
plane at Ramey AFB, Puerto Rico, on June 2, 1958 for Charleston, S. C." The 
plane was aerosoled heavily before the passengers boarded. The door entrance 
and space going up the steps was aerosoled just before passengers started to 
enter. A second spray was given after they were aboard. These observations 
were made between 5 and 6 P.M. when the temperature was in the eighties and 
the weather cloudy, followed by showers. Other observations showed that 
"there were showers nearly every afternoon in June, and about the time the 


728 


showers started the swarming ants would appear, getting all over cars and people". 
The Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction Laboratories report that 
obscurior is a common ant in Puerto Rico and other West Indian islands but is 

not so commonly observed as are the larger and more active kinds of ants. The 
species is a notorious attendant on honeydew excreting insects, especially 
subterranean forms. H. K. Plank and Marion R. Smith found that in Puerto Rico 
next to the fire ant, Solenopsis geminata, itis the most common attendant on 

the pineapple mealybug, Pseudococcus brevipes Ckll. It is thought to not only 
attend but even disseminate the mealybugs. (Smith et al.). 


CORRECTIONS 
CEIR 8(30) : 649 - CLOVER APHID - WASHINGTON - Should read 500 per 10 heads. 


CEIR 8(32) : 691 - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID - NEVADA - Include "Populations 
increasing in several fields in Moapa Valley, Clark County." 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


MICHIGAN - ARMYWORM larvae locally abundant about Bronson in fields of alfalfa- 
bromegrass. EUROPEAN RED MITE problem on plums. CODLING MOTH adults of summer 
brood appeared at Hart, Beulah and Traverse City August 3. POTATO LEAFHOPPER 
and SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER increased four fold week of July 27 at East Lansing, 
Sodus and Bath. (Hutson). 


NEW YORK - EUROPEAN RED MITE and TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE increased in Rockland 
County with some foliage injury. Built up sharply in many prune and apple 
orchards in Niagara County, growers applied control. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH 
appeared in light traps in Rockland County. Second-brood RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER 
found July 29 near Gasport, which is about 12 days later than in 1957, in 
Niagara County. Control begun. Hatching rapidly in Wayne County. Controls 
begun. EUROPEAN CORN BORER egg masses and first and second-instar larvae in 
moderate numbers in one location in Hudson Valley. ARMYWORM and FALL ARMYWORM 
caused some damage near Stone Ridge. APHIDS continue to feed around silks and 
tassels in Nassau County. JAPANESE BEETLE more serious in Nassau County than 
for past four years. (Nie io Wiklsyie TR pit). 


NORTH CAROLINA - TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE increased on tobacco in Granville area, 
but is generally light. Little economic damage. (Chamberlin) TOBACCO 
HORWORM increased on tobacco in Forsyth, Yadkin and Surry Counties. Larvae 
mostly early instars. (Scott). Increased in Granville County, but generally 
light with little economic damage. (Chamberlin). Oviposition occurred along 
a line through Edgecombe, Wake and Moore Counties. Heavy infestations in green 
tobacco along this line, but most have been arrested. (Farrier). GRASSHOPPERS 
caused some injury to burley tobacco in Haywood County. (Jones). 


729 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornatth. marge frugs sexta quing. zea vires. 
ALABAMA 
Crossville 8/3 4 28 116 
ARKANSAS 
Fayetteville 7/24-8/6 44 45 14 102 58 
Hope 7/24-8/6 2 25 
Kelso 7/24-8/6 5 8 2 112 
Morrilton 7/31-8/6 Sil 25 230 
Osceola 7/24-30 5 
Stuttgart 7/24-8/6 2 14 
FLORIDA 
Monticello 8/5 2 1 
Quincy 8/4 8 9 132 21 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 8/1-7 45 23 26 90 
INDIANA(Counties) 
Orange 7/26-8/4 69 3 62 33 13 4 ts) 
Tippecanoe 7/30-8/5 147 46 SX) 135 1 1 
KANSAS 
Garden City 7/25-8/4 48 4 10 14 6 14 
Hays 8/1-4 53 23 10 32 
Manhattan 8/2-8 25 10 33 3 5 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 8/1-7 3 aL 98 195 70 
Shreveport 8/5 13 6 12 & 23 155 
MAINE 
Monmouth 8/3-9 5 
Orono 8/3-9 at 
MISSISSIPPI 
Senatobia 8/1-8 5 4 3 3 
State College 8/2-8 32 14 89 1 257 2 59 1 
*Stoneville 8/1-8 2 3 aL 23 U, 14 
NEBRASKA 
Alliance 7/19-28 967 3 403 4 2 1 
Kearney 7/23-29 80 555 45 52 17 1 912 28 
Lincoln 7/26-8/1 239 98 93 25 
North Platte 7/25-31 890 20 aL 369 7 2 3 2 4 
Scotts Bluff 7/29-8/4 81 205 2 
NORTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 8/4-10 10 5 128 4 226 16 349 8 
Clayton 8/7 2 16 87 25 2 125 28 
Faison 8/7 10 akat 58 6 2 201 23 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Clemson 7/2-8 94 36 161 29 8 45 2 
Florence 8/3-9 313 139 959 136 643 50 14 14256 550 


¥T WO traps - Stoneville 


730 
LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued 


Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. sexta quing. zea vires. 

TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Blount 7/29-8/4 24 34 156 8 2 6 18 

Cumberland 7/29-8/4 32 5 44 9 11 15 it 

Greene 7/29-8/4 faye} 9 27 9 5 15 4 

Johnson 7/29-8/4 306 90 520 46 2 2 10 

Madison 7/29-8/4 27 20 22 13 2 3 32 

Maury 7/29-8/4 50 4 60 4 4 6 4 

Robertson 7/29-8/4 16 24 96 12 16 20 4 
VIRGINIA(County) 

Pittsylvania 7/27-8/2 66 148 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - 7/29-8/4: *Arlington - 24; Janesville - 5; 
LaCrosse - 9; Oakfield - 1; Platteville - 27; Ripon - 8; River Falls - 7; 
Rosendale - 7; *Theresa - 28; Waterford - 10. 


*Two traps — Arlington; 3 traps -— Theresa. 


731 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


COTTON STEM WEEVIL (Pempherulus affinis (Faust)) 


Economic Importance: The cotton stem weevil is considered a very important 
pest of cotton in India, Burma and Thailand, particularly on irrigated cotton. 
Damage to dryland cotton is usually 
light. In South India, where climatic 
conditions are most favorable, from 70 
to 100 percent of the cotton in some 
fields may be attacked. For the 
10-year period, 1928 to 1938, the pest 
was recorded as serious in India. 
Infested plants become stunted and 
sometimes succumb if injury is too 
severe. They easily break down in 
heavy wind. The major loss in India 
is to the seedlings, which almost. 
always succumb to attack. 


Hosts: Cotton is the major cultivated 
host, with okra and kenaf hibiscus 

being very important alternate food 
plants. In addition, 16 other alternate 
food plants have been recorded. 


Distribution: This insect occurs 
throughout most of southern and western 
India, West Pakistan, Burma, Thailand 
and the Philippine Islands. 


General Distribution of Cotton Stem Weevil 


Curculionidae:Zygopinae, Coleoptera No. 56 of Series 


732 


Life History and Habits: Eggs are deposited in slits made by the female in 

the bark of the main stem, generally around the nodes. The female cements the 
egg in the cavity which produces a characteristic scar. Hatching occurs in 
about 10 days and the larvae begin feeding, making tunnels that are irregular, 
sometimes spiral, between the bark and the main stem. Each female produces , 
about 46 eggs. Larval maturity takes place in 30 to 45 days, varying with 
humidity and temperature. The optimum humidity for young larvae is 100 percent. 
Eggs and young larvae are very sensitive to desiccation and require a high 
degree of moisture. The greatest mortality occurs in these stages. Pupation 
takes place in the burrow and lasts for about 12 days. The adults emerge from 
the stems of the host plants over a period of two months. Copulation begins 
almost immediately after emergence and may take place several times at frequent 
intervals for a period up to two months with little or no loss of fertility. 
Total development averages about 57 days. In-southern India, as many as 

6 generations a year may be produced. 


Description: The adults are small; 3 mm. in length. Snout very prominent and 
Comparatively long and pointed, curved down and backwards. Antennae attached 
to snout apart from proximal region, 
terminal segments enlarged and darker 
than others. Prothorax prominent, 
more or less cylindrical. Elytra 
rough, with longitudinal striations. 
Two sharp tubercles on ventral surface 
of body just in front of anterior 
coxae are usually present in the males 
of this species. Color is dark brown, 
speckled with minute grayish or whitish 
markings. At the central region of 
posterior margin of thorax is a small 
diamond-shaped white mark which 
continues backwards along inner edges 
of elytra. Sides of thorax and 
abdomen pale grayish-white. Upper 
portions of legs dark brown. Body 
of larva whitish-yellow, head brown; 
: 5 mm. in length. Pupae uniform, pale 
Female Male white, with tinge of yellow; 4-4.5 mn. 
(Ventral Aspects) in length. (Prepared in Plant Pest 
Survey Section in cooperation with other 
ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(33) 8-15-58 


Adult Larva 


Figures (except map): Ventral aspect of male and female from Ballard, E. 1923. 
Dept. Agr. in India Mem. 7(12):243-255. Larva from Krishna Ayyar, P. N. and 
Margabandhu, V. 1941. Bul. Ent. Res. 32(1):61-82. Adult and. damage from Madras 
Agr. Dept. Year Book 1918. 147 pp. Madras. 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


eee Dp ee a ee 


; 
iy 


Volume 8 : August 22, 1958 Number 34 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS caused considerable damage in central areas of South Dakota. 
May cause damage to fall-seeded small grains in an area of Oklahoma. Damaged 
range and crops in several areas of Utah. (p. 735). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER found for first time in Johnston County, North Carolina. 
(p. 735). Egg mass counts high in Boone County, Iowa. (p. 736). CORN EARWORM 
threat in Wisconsin. Caused severest damage in 12 years in Yakima Valley, 
Washington. (p. 736). CORN LEAF APHID heavy in Rhode Island, increased in 
areas of Maryland, infesting late-planted corn in southern Wisconsin and 
remained severe in northwestern Ohio. (p. 737). 


ORCHARD MITES troublesome in several states. (p. 740). 

CABBAGEWORMS damaging some cole crops in Oregon and prevalent on crucifers 
and other crops in Delaware. The 1958 season may be the worst looper year 
experienced in eastern Virginia. (p. 741). 

Another heavy emergence of BOLLWORM adults may occur in Arkansas. Larvae 
caused considerable damage over western Tennessee. (p. 743). Activity 
increased in South Carolina. (p. 744). Light trap catch high at Florence. 
(p. 749). ‘ 

SPIDER MITES heavy and damaging in several cotton-producing states. (p. 745). 


GYPSY MOTHS trapped in Michigan. (p. 745). WHITE-PINE WEEVIL damaged pines 
in Virginia and Pennsylvania. (p. 745). 


CORRECTIONS. (p. 748). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 750). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 751). 


SHE Oh Oe a a ae a a ee ie a a a oe ae ae ae a a a a ic ae ae ae 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 15, unless otherwise 
designated. 


734 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 


MID-AUGUST TO MID-SEPTEMBER 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-August to mid- 
September calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals in the 
northeastern quarter of the nation. Above normal averages are expected in the 
western half of the country and also in the South Atlantic States. In regions 
not specified near normal temperatures are indicated. Rainfall is predicted 

to exceed normal in the Ohio Valley and in the North and Middle Atlantic 
States. Subnormal amounts are expected in the northwestern quarter of the 
nation and also in the Southern Plains and Upper Mississippi Valley. Elsewhere 
rainfall amounts should not depart greatly from seasonal normals. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", 
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through 
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a 
half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 18 


Weather events of this week were not particularly spectacular. Some of the 
more outstanding situations comprising the general picture were the hot, dry 
conditions of the Northwest further developing range and forest-fire hazards, 
the moderate to heavy showers occurring somewhat locally in southern California, 
northern Arizona, and northwestern New Mexico and the heavy weekly precipitation 
ranging up to 2-4 inches in parts of Kansas, adjacent States and eastward 

into the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys and thence northward into Pennsylvania. 
Along the East Coast, residents awaited reports on the development of tropical 
storm Becky and hurricane Cleo which did not reach land areas. Like last 

week, temperatures averaged near to above normal over most of the county, with 
greatest anomalies being observed in the northern Great Plains and Southwest. 
Daily maxima reached or exceeded 100° on several days in eastern Montana and 
parts of the Dakotas, where departures for the week were +6° to +9°. Similar 
temperature conditions prevailed in sections of the southern Great Plains and 
desert areas of the Southwest, but departures there generally did not exceed 
+6°. In the extreme North, from the Great Lakes region eastward, weekly 
temperatures averaged a few degrees below the seasonal normals. Cooler 
conditions prevailed over most of the northeastern quarter of the Nation after 
the weekend, when a Canadian air mass pushed in over this area. 


Weekly precipitation totals for the most part were light in the Northern Border 
States and from the Continental Divide westward. Little or none was received 
in parts of southern Washington, western Oregon and extreme northern California. 
From the Gulf coast northward into southern Nebraska, most of Iowa, the southern 
Great Lakes region, Pennsylvania and southeastern New York moderate to heavy 
amounts were quite generally observed. Some of the more significant falls of 
the week were nearly 7.50 inches produced in a 2-hour period on Wednesday 
afternoon at Arendtville, Pa., and weekly totals of 3.70 inches at Helena, Ark., 
and 4.91 inches at Pikeville, Ky. Included in the severe storm reports were 
hailstones up to 34 inches falling at Reading, Minn., on the evening of the 

14th and causing damage to poultry, corn and soybeans over a 30-mile strip; 

and a tornado, also on the 14th, occurring near Northampton, Mass., and 
causing an estimated $100,000 damage to property. (Summary supplied by 

U. S. Weather Bureau). 


735 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - MARYLAND - Melanoplus differentialis particularly, caused spotty 
damage to corn and soybeans on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). LOUISIANA - 
Conocephalus fasciatus averaged 110 per 100 sweeps in 6 fields of rice in 
Vermilion Parish. (Spink). WISCONSIN - M. femur-rubrum quite numerous in 
many alfalfa fields, along some fence rows and roadsides. Rapidly approaching 
maturity, some winged forms present. Migration to new alfalfa seedlings, to 
tobacco and corn field edges will soon begin. Dissosteira carolina depositing 
eggs in light soil areas of Columbia County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - 
M. femur-rubrum predominant species in east central district, mostly fourth 
and fifth instars in most fields. Some fields in northern counties of district 
have mostly second to fourth instars. Generally non-economic to light except 
scattered fields in central Mille Lacs, southeastern Sherburne and northern 
Anoka Counties, where populations ranged 12-45 per square yard. (Minn. Ins. 
Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adult survey underway. Several areas in central region 
showed 20 per square yard in alfalfa and corn fields. Considerable damage 
evident. Dominant species were M. bivittatus and M. differentialis. 
(Hantsbarger, Klix). OKLAHOMA - Varied considerably, 6-20 per Square yard, 
along roadsides in panhandle area, up to 50 in some spots. Second-generation 
M. bilituratus common. Up to 400 first and second-instar nymphs per square 
yard in one area of Cimarron County near hatching beds. Fall-seeded small 
grains will likely suffer considerable damage. Range populations averaged 
4-10 per square yard in unsprayed areas. Grass growth excellent, therefore 

no visible damage to range evident. (Coppock). TEXAS - Hatching in progress. 
Medium infestation in Ochiltree County. (Hawkins). NEW MEXICO - Remained 
problem in alfalfa fields and gardens in many areas of State. (N. M. Coop. 
Rpt.). UTAH - Common throughout State in gardens and berry patches. Moved 
from range to alfalfa fields and orchards in many localities. Damaged range 
in Deer Flats, Dry Mesa, Elk Mountains and Blue Mountains areas of San Juan 
County. M. defferentialis, Trimerotropis pallidipennis, Spharagemon equale 
and §. collare damaged alfalfa, orchards and other crops in Millard County. 
Camnula pellucida extremely numerous in meadow areas south of Garfield, Kane 
County. Averaged 15 per square yard west of Ephraim, Sanpete County, and are 
largely winged adults in most areas. (Thornley, Knowlton). Serious through- 
out much of Emery County. (Olson, Knowlton). CALIFORNIA - M. cinereus 

heavy on pasture grass in Scott Valley, Siskiyou County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - Presently known infestations include 
2 in Tooele County, one in San Juan County and one involving 2,000 acres in 
Daggett County. (Thornley, Knowlton). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Present throughout 
State. No heavy activity reported, but second-generation larvae are active 
in all areas. Moth activity increased August 5 and 8. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 
MARYLAND - Some Frederick County fields show 4-20 percent larval infestations. 
Second-generation larvae generally light in corn on Eastern Shore. GUEY Mding 
Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Heavy egg laying in one Kent County field of 

corn. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Infesting 100 percent of ears of late 
sweet corn in Eastern Shore Counties. (Hofmaster). NORTH CAROLINA - Adults 
emerging from ears and stalks of field corn in Tyrrell County. Found for 
first time in Johnston County. (Scott, Weisman, Rabb). WISCONSIN - Second- 
brood moth emergence greatly accelerated at Platteville and LaCrosse, but no 
marked increase at other locations. Pupation 16 percent in Walworth, Dane, 
Rock, Green, Iowa and Grant Counties, with some emergence. Pupation not as 
high as expected, but may change within the next 7 days. Larvae relatively 
scarce in advance Dunn County corn fields. Up to 30 percent of plants infested 
in Ozaukee County. No pupation observed in Dunn or Ozaukee Counties. (Wis. 
Coop. Sur.). MINNESOTA - Moth emergence is 8 percent in southwest and 9 
percent in south central districts. First-generation development has been 
slow and it appears the second generation will come too late to cause much 


736 


damage for 1958. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). OHIO - Summer pupation in field corn very 
low. (Neiswander). IOWA - Egg mass counts on field corn reached or exceeded 
100 per 100 plants in 10 percent of fields in Boone County. (Iowa Ins. Inf.). 
ARKANSAS - Fifth-instar larvae found in Crittenden and Lee Counties. Larvae 
pupating in Conway County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Third to fifth- 
instar larvae, predominantly fifth instar, averaged 98 per 100 plants, in 
northeast district. Infestation averaged 46 percent. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Eggs more numerous, averaged 4 

per 25 silks. More moths present in light trap catches. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 
MARYLAND - Light to moderate in mature corn in most sections. Larvae light 

on soybean pods at Preston. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Light on 
soybeans but infesting 100 percent of late sweet corn ears in Eastern Shore 
Counties (Hofmaster). None observed in any soybean fields in Northern Neck 
Counties. (Morris, Birdsall, McSwain). Damaged corn in Tazewell County. 
(Rowell, Reynolds). WISCONSIN - Poses threat to sweet corn. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
INDIANA - Appeared in late-planted corn in southern areas. (Everly). 

ARKANSAS - Larvae on grain sorghum in several areas of State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
OKLAHOMA - Medium to heavy feeding in most fields of irrigated field corn, 

Texas County. (Coppock). TEXAS - Medium to heavy on peanuts in Frio County. 

Up to 3 per plant feeding heavily on leaves, leaving ragging effect. (Harding). 
IDAHO - General in sweet corn in southwestern section, approximately 20 per- 
cent of ears infested. Larvae still 47 percent first and second instars. 

Damage expected to increase during remainder of harvest period. (Foote, 
Gittins). UTAH - Severe in Emery County, and in most southern localities 
checked. Light to moderate in Cache County. Peak flight was a catch of 9 
moths at Ogden, August 9. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Caused severest damage 

to corn in Yakima Valley for past 12 years. Total of 900 moths caught in 

light trap on July 26, compared with 10 for similar time and place in past 
years. (Shipman). CALIFORNIA - Medium on corn in Clarksburg area, Yolo County, 
Cottonwood, Shasta County, and light locally, Tehama County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


'/ BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on corn and pigweed in /? 


Santa Rosa area of Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ( 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - NEW JERSEY - Caused some damage to corn 
in Bergen County. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Few larvae feeding in pre- 
tasseling field and sweet corn in various fields throughout State. Rather 
heavy in small field corn in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 

MARYLAND - Continued light to moderate in late corn, generally. Few heavy 
infestations reported. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Medium in late corn 
in Middlesex County (DeBusk), light in sorghum in northwestern Brunswick 
County (Basham). Heavy in some soybean and corn fields in Northern Neck 
Counties, some spraying underway. (Morris, McSwain). Along with armyworms, 
numerous in sorghum fields in localized Eastern Shore areas. (Hofmaster). 
GEORGIA - Heavy in whorls of late corn in Greene and Hart Counties. (Johnson) . 
OHIO - Infesting sweet corn at Marietta in southern part of State. (Neiswander). 
OKLAHOMA - From 0-4 larvae per plant feeding in tassels and whorls of field 
corn, Cimarron County. (Coppock) . 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - ARKANSAS - Larvae on grain in several 


areas of State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) - MARYLAND - Generally abundant in 
corn ears in most sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - WISCONSIN - Pupation has 
occurred and adults have been observed for first time in 1958 in third tier 
of counties above southern State boundary. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


737 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Third-generation 
moths emerging in southwestern part of State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged sorghum in Chaves and 
Roosevelt Counties. N. M. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - N. ericae nymphs very 
abundant in several Teton County localities. Did not appear to be developing 
on plants where found. (Bishop). 


A STINK BUG (Euschistus conspersus) - CALIFORNIA - Light on field corn in Two 
Rock area, Sonoma County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy on corn at Newport. 
(Matthewson). MARYLAND - Increased in tassels of sweet and field corn in 

Queen Annes and Caroline Counties, with 62 acres of popcorn treated in Caroline 
County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Prevalent on field corn in most 

areas of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). WISCONSIN - Numerous in corn fields in 
many sections of the State, with injury to all leaves on some plants observed. 

As high as 15 percent of plants showed injury in a Rock County field, but 5 
percent injury more common where it occurs. Over 90 percent of late-planted 
corn in southern counties, where tassels not yet out of whorl, reported in- 
fested. Treatment for control reported from Dodge and Waukesha Counties. 


(Wis. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Remained severe in northwestern part of State, but 
appears to be subsiding. In some fields, 25-50 percent of plants affected. 
(Neiswander). OKLAHOMA - Light numbers on corn and milo in northwest and 


panhandle sections. (Coppock). IDAHO - Caused spotted appearance of yellow 
dwarf on barley in Latah, Lewis and Nez Perce Counties. Originally reported 
(CEIR 8(30) : 648 ) as English grain aphid. (Foote). UTAH - Damage to spring 
barley decreasing as crops mature. Generally light on corn. (Knowlton) . 5 
CALIFORNIA - Medium on corn in Clarksburg area of Yolo County and light in 
Redding area of Shasta County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - IDAHO - Large populations 
apparently developing in late barley fields in Idaho Falls area. One 20-acre 
field already heavily infested. (Kohl). 


RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Averaged 67 per 100 sweeps in 
6 rice fields in Vermilion Parish. (Spink). 


WHEAT MIDGE (Sitodiplosis mosellana) - MINNESOTA - Reported in Marshall, 
Kittson and Roseau Counties. Loss estimated at 1-10 percent. Appears con- 
fined to late-seeded wheat fields, which is very characteristic of this insect. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - DELAWARE - Few larvae in 
alfalfa throughout State, with as many as 3 per 10 sweeps in one New Castle 
County field. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - UTAH - Numerous in some Piute 
County alfalfa fields. (Buck, Thornley, Knowlton). 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - LOUISIANA - Larvae averaged 
5-10 per 100 sweeps in soybeans in southwest part of State. (Spink). 


WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - OKLAHOMA - Light in alfalfa in panhandle and 
northwest areas, but not found in all fields. (Coppock). 


YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - DELAWARE - Averaged 3 per 10 
sweeps in red clover and common in alfalfa in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
MARYLAND - Light on soybeans in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 

VIRGINIA - Observed on soybeans in Eastern Shore Counties (Hofmaster) and is 

light on same crop in many Northern Neck Counties (Morris, McSwain, Birdsall). 


738 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Larvae and adults common in alfalfa 
throughout the State. (MacCreary, Conrad). WYOMING - Averaged 30 larvae per 

20 sweeps in several northern alfalfa fields, with 2-3 per 20 sweeps in other 
fields in same area. (Davison). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - INDIANA - Feeding on soybeans in 
Tippecanoe County (Gould), and extensively on same crop in southwestern section 
(Everly). VIRGINIA - Light to medium on soybeans in Northern Neck Counties 
(Morris, McSwain, Birdsall) and on soybeans in Eastern Shore Counties (Morris). 


BLISTER BEETLES - DELAWARE - Epicauta sp. common in alfalfa in Kent County and 
in one field in New Castle County. (Conrad, McCreary). OKLAHOMA - Numbers in 
alfalfa throughout State down considerably. (Coppock). SOUTH DAKOTA - E. 
pennsylvanica adults becoming prominent in alfalfa fields in central and north- 
east areas. Averaged one per sweep in many localities. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 


A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - INDIANA - Feeding on soybeans in Tippecanoe County. 
(Gould). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - 
Prevalent in alfalfa in parts of New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
INDIANA - Feeding on soybeans in Tippecanoe County. (Gould). 


STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 14 adults 
per 20 sweeps on alfalfa in north central district, with up to 100 per 20 
sweeps in one area. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Increased in forage crops 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Increased on soybeans, 
particularly on lower Eastern Shore. Larvae averaged 9 per linear foot in 
some Worcester County fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). OKLAHOMA - Found in 
isolated panhandle alfalfa fields. Not present in other sections. (Coppock). 
VIRGINIA - Averaged 3-4 per plant on soybeans in many Northern Neck Counties 
(Morris, Birdsall, McSwain) and especially numerous and generally quite small 
on soybeans in Eastern Shore Counties (Hofmaster). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - DELAWARE - Common to prevalent 
on soybeans in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Damaged alfalfa in parts of Box Elder, 
Millard, Juab and Emery Counties. (Knowlton). DELAWARE - Increased in alfalfa 
and red clover throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Numbers low, 
0-12 per 10 sweeps, in irrigated and upland alfalfa in panhandle and in Ellis 
County. (Coppock). IDAHO - Ranged 2,630-19,450 per sweep in an alfalfa field 
in Canyon County. (Waters). WYOMING - Light throughout State, with 150-200 
per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. (Davison). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Increased in pan- 
handle area over one month ago. Averaged 75-125 per 100 sweeps in irrigated 
alfalfa. (Coppock). 


ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) - WISCONSIN - Numerous in most 
alfalfa fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - UTAH - Continued serious problem on alfalfa, most 
susceptable crops and range plants. (Knowlton). SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 
over one per sweep on northeast district alfalfa. (Hantsbarger, K1lix). 
IDAHO - Averaged 5-18 per sweep in few seed alfalfa fields in Canyon County. 
(Waters). WISCONSIN - L. lineolaris adults numerous in most alfalfa fields. 
@Wis: ‘Coop. Surs). 


739 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 1-3 
per sweep on third-growth alfalfa in Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.) 
WISCONSIN - Adults numerous in most alfalfa fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa sayi) - UTAH - Damage to grain crops decreased. 
Common on many other crops,.with greatest damage to alfalfa seed. (Knowlton). 


CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults aver- 
aged one per sweep in alfalfa in northeast district. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NORTH DAKOTA - Present in only 2 eastern 
alfalfa fields surveyed. Populations extremely light. QNEEDee eins) OR pte: 
OHIO - Remained low on alfalfa. Damage extremely light or absent in untreated 
fields. (Neiswander). DELAWARE - Prevalent in alfalfa in New Castle County, 
common in red clover and alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
MARYLAND - Averaged 1-6 per sweep on third-growth alfalfa in Frederick County. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - UTAH - Moderately 
numerous in scattered alfalfa fields and orchards. (Knowlton). LOUISIANA - 
In 25 sweeps 858 were collected in an untreated alfalfa test plot. (Spink). 


CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - UTAH - Appears variable in seed- 
growing districts of State. (Knowlton). 


SPIDER MITES - UTAH - Damage increased on northern and central field and 

market corn. Generally light on Millard County seed alfalfa crops. (Knowlton). 
MARYLAND - Light on soybeans in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 

IDAHO - Tetranychus telarius abundant in red clover fields around Hammett, 
Elmore County. (Edwards). ARKANSAS - On soybeans in some areas. (Ark. Ins. 
Rpt.). 


LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Medium on peanuts 
in Frio County. (Harding). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - NORTH DAKOTA - Averaged 
0.5-5.3 per sweep in late-planted flax in eastern area. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.) 


A CASEMAKER (Apterona crenulella) - UTAH - Infested range plants in parts of 
Cache, Rich and Box Elder Counties. Light on same hosts in Oak Creek Canyon 
and at Pahvant, Millard County. (Knowlton) . 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults active at Narragansett, 
August 15. (Hansen). VIRGINIA - About destroyed oats and grass in 5-acre 
field and orchard grass in 6-acre field of orchard grass-ladino clover mixture 
in Dickenson County (Morris, Fletcher), and numerous in sorghum fields in 
localized areas on Eastern Shore, along with fall armyworms (Hofmaster). 

NORTH CAROLINA - Totally destroyed an acre of meadow in Caldwell County. 

(Culp, Farrier). GEORGIA - Moderate to heavy on coastal Bermuda, fescue and 
millet in Gwinnett, Hall, Gordon, Lumpkin, White, Hart and Elbert Counties. 
(Johnson). 


A CHINCH BUG - LOUISIANA - Heavily infested St. Augustine grass lawns in East 
Baton Rouge Parish and in the greater New Orleans area. (Spink). 


740 


FRUIT INSECTS 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW MEXICO - Third generation larvae 
feeding on apples in Hondo Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Infestations 
relatively heavy on apples in Juab and Millard Counties. (Knowlton). 

INDIANA - Entries reduced sharply at Orleans. (Marshall). Emergence increased 
slightly during August 8-10 at Vincennes. Peak larval activity expected late 
in August or early Septmeber. Injury at present in commercial orchards 
lightest recorded in last 8 years. (Hamilton). 


ORCHARD MITES - WASHINGTON - Vasates cornutus and Tetranychus telarius moderate 
to severe on peaches in Wenatchee. (Anthon). NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations 
of Tetranychus mcdanieli on apple trees in Hondo and Espanola Valleys; 

severely damaging foliage. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Injury common throughout 
State, above normal. Tetranychus spp. predominate on apples and pears. 
(Knowlton). INDIANA - Populations remain threatening to apples in Orleans 
area. (Marshall). Remain active at Vincennes. (Hamilton). IDAHO - T. telarius 
abundant on apple trees in Idaho Falls area. (Kohl). = 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MINNESOTA - Remain active in all areas. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


AMERICAN PLUM BORER (Euzophera Ssemifuneralis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation 
of almonds in Durham, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - IDAHO - Common on apple trees 
in Moscow, Lewiston and Boise areas, moderate defoliation noted. (Gittins, 
Barr Horn): 


UNICORN CATERPILLAR (Schizura unicornis) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation on 
plum tree in Citrus Heights area of Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - WASHINGTON - Common on peaches and poplar 
at Wenatchee. (Anthon). 


FRUIT TREE LEAF ROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations 
in pear orchards in Camino area of El Dorado County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEAR PSYLLID (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations of pear trees 
in Bryte, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEAR SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) - IDAHO - Causing heavy damage to fruit trees in 
Idaho Falls area. (Kohl). 


OLIVE SCALE (Parlatoria oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation of almonds in 
Antioch area of Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - MISSISSIPPI - Causing serious damage 
to small growers over State. (Hutchins). 


GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations of grape 
vines in Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MEALYBUGS - MISSOURI - Infesting grape vineyards in Rosati-Steelville area. 
Infestations not uniform and vary from one vineyard to another. (Wkly. Rpt. 
Fr. Grs.). 


YELLOW SCALE (Anonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations of 
orange trees in Orland, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


741 


Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Second Week of August - PURPLE 
SCALE activity continued to decline, but new hatch has begun. Some further 
reduction in activity anticipated but not as much as in recent weeks. 

FLORIDA RED SCALE activity increased with beginning of new hatch, and further 
increase is expected. Infestations will be high this fall. CITRUS RED MITE 
activity declined, but not as rapidly as in recent weeks. There will be only 
small reduction in next week or two. CITRUS RUST MITE activity declined 
further, but there will be less reduction in next week or two. Level will be 
generally high through August. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson, Aug. 13). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - WASHINGTON - Common in gardens at 
Bellingham. Winged forms migrating. (Doucette). OREGON - Adults and nymphs 
light on broccoli and cauliflower in Gresham-Woodburn-Hillsboro area August 
1-10. Populations building up. (Hanna). UTAH - Damaging in Emery, Salt Lake 
and Utah Counties. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Moderate populations reported in 
Kenosha and Racine Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - DELAWARE - Becoming prevalent on broccoli 
in New Castle County. Increasing on peppers in Kent and Sussex County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). IDAHO - Light infestations in potato seed fields in 
Butte, Fremont and Caribou Counties. (Bishop). 


CABBAGEWORMS - OREGON - Damaging infestations of Trichoplusia ni, Pieris rapae 
and Plutella maculipennis on broccoli and cauliflower in Gresham-Woodburn- 
Hillsboro area from July 25 to August 10. Controls of T. ni appeared 
unsatisfactory. (Hanna). DELAWARE - T. ni, P. rapae and P. maculipennis 
common to prevalent on crucifers and other vegetables in State. Cabbage 
being damaged in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - May be worst 
looper year ever experienced in eastern area. Growers on Eastern Shore have 
lost extensive acreages of cole crops. Light trap catches about 15 times 
higher than comparable period in 1956-57 in Norfolk area. (Hofmaster). 
WISCONSIN - Infestations of T. ni in cabbage light in Racine and Kenosha 
Counties. Light populations of P. maculipennis present. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - DELAWARE - Larvae feeding 
on beet foliage in western Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - WASHINGTON - Adults very abundant in light 
traps at Walla Walla from July 25 to August 8. Usual flight for entire year 
much less. Next brood may be troublesome within two weeks. (Cook, Aug. 15). 
OREGON - Overlapping generations infesting beets and wild hosts in Willamette 
Valley. Twenty acres of beets in Benton County almost total loss and 40 acres 
of kale damaged in spots. (Crowell). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - IDAHO - Abundant few potato 
fields, causing minor to heavy damage near Idaho Falls. (Kohl). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Damaging potatoes in areas 
of Washington County. (Hughes, Knowlton). WYOMING - Infestation in northern 
area averaged one adult per 100 sweeps. Potatoes now near maturity and 
psyllids not expected to do any appreciable damage. (Davison). 


POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - IDAHO - Becoming more common in potato 
seed fields in southeastern area. Populations higher than at same time 1957. 
High populations noted on nightshade and ground cherry. (Bishop). 


742 


Potato Aphids in Maine - Populations of Aphis abreviata, Macrosiphum 
solanifolii, Myzus persicae and M. solani on untreated potatoes in experimental 
plantings at Presque Isle continue to increase, but at rate lower than usual 
for this time of summer, owing to increasing importance of fungus diseases, 
parasites and predators. (Shands). 


WESTERN POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix subcrinita) - IDAHO - Populations continue 
very low in potato fields examined throughout southeastern area. (Bishop). 


POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) - MAINE - Trace present at Presque Isle. 
Itappears unlikely that appreciable numbers will be present at any time on 
potatoes this summer. (Shands). 


LOOPERS - OREGON - Infestations generally present on potato plantings at 
Ontario. (Bond, Aug. 10). 


A STRIPED BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.)- ALABAMA - Caused considerable damage 
to late tomatoes in Lee County. (Grimes). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - WYOMING - Averaged 3-4 larvae 
per 25 sweeps in southeastern area. Only minor damage occurring. (Davison). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Small larvae common to 
prevalent on lima beans over State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


LEAFHOPPERS - NEW JERSEY - Very numerous, on lettuce and related plants in 
northern area. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). WISCONSIN - Populations of Macrosteles 
fascifrons light and present in 50 to 75 percent of Racine-Kenosha carrot 


acreage. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


GRASSHOPPERS - NEW MEXICO - Light to moderate infestations damaging seedling 
letture near Artesia, Eddy County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - DELAWARE - Eggs common on peppers in Sussex and 
Kent Counties. No larvae seen. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Larva found feeding on 
pepper in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Twenty-four percent 
of pepper plants infested in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
DELAWARE - Larvae ranging from light to heavy on peppers throughout State. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Prevalent on asparagus 
ferns. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Moderate injury 
to tobacco in northeastern counties. (Scott). VIRGINIA - Severe on some 
tobacco crops in Cumberland County. (Seay). 


APHIDS - WISCONSIN - Observed on tobacco in Dane and Vernon Counties. About 
5 percent of plants infested in Dane County field. (Wis. Coop. Suz.) 


BUDWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - GEORGIA - Heavy infestations of Heliothis virescens 
and H. zea on Turkish tobacco in Hart and Elbert Counties. (Johnson). 

NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations generally very light in Granville County. 
(Chamberlin). MARYLAND - H. virescens damaging 40 out of 100 tobacco plants, 


743 


one field in St. Marys County. Many larvae parasitized by Campoletis 
argentifrons. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


TOBACCO HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations sufficient 
to require control many fields. In younger fields, larvae averaged one per 
plant. (Chamberlin). VIRGINIA - Medium on tobacco in Cumberland County. 
Second-generation hatching in area. (Seay). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Infestations averaged 8.2 percent 
in Madison County, 44.4 percent in Lee County, 19.2 percent in Cherokee County 
and 25.0 percent in Shelby County. In central and southern areas migrations 
are well underway. (Grimes). ARKANSAS - Second-generation weevil emergence 
general most fields, definite overlap with first generation in most areas. 
Control difficult some places. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Approximately 

4 percent of squares infested in fields in Washita County. (Coppock). 

LOUISIANA - Percent infestation averaged 11.4 in Ouachita Parish, 15.4 
Morehouse Parish and 16.8 in Richland Parish. (Spink). Average square 
infestation 9 percent in Madison Parish, ranging from 2-45 percent. 
Infestations increasing rapidly many fields with some migration occurring. 
(Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Infestations extremely spotty in delta counties; 
generally very light. (Merkl et al.). TENNESSEE - Continues a problem in 
southern counties. Infestations spotted with some local migration. In event 
of general rains, infestations may cause considerable damage to young squares 
and bolls. Average percent punctured squares was 21 compared with 44 percent 
at same time in 1957. (Locke). GEORGIA - Infestation averaged 28 percent 

in 15 northern fields, ranging from 0 to 69 percent. (Johnson). 

SOUTH CAROLINA - Damage increased generally where crop not protected. 

Migration begun in many Coastal Plain counties. (Cott. Lett.). Populations 
soared and migration commenced in Florence area. (Fye et al.). NORTH CAROLINA - 
Migration general over State. Infestation counts high some areas of State 
with some treatment still underway. Counts highest in Scotland, Wayne, Wilson, 
Johnson and Chowan Counties. (Cott. News Lett.). TEXAS - Infestation increasing 
in treated irrigated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties as population 
pressures intensified. Continued treatment needed. Considerable boll damage 
occurred in dryland, early-planted, untreated fields, and in top bolls where 
treatments stopped too soon. (Parencia et al.). Infestations not severe but 
some damage being caused in eastern, central, northeastern, north central, 
south plains and west cross timbers areas. (Gaines). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - NEW MEXICO - Eggs present all fields 
checked in Sierra County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - In northern area 
infestations spotty. Some fields where treatments not applied infestations 
ranged up to 14 percent. Most larvae in second and third instars. Very few 
adults or eggs noted. (Grimes). ARKANSAS - Activity continues to increase 
though egg and small larval counts down in many fields. Another heavy emergence 
of adults may occur around August 21-25. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - From 
4-6 percent of bolls damaged in Roger Mills County; few eggs noted. (Flora). 
LOUISIANA - Percent infestation averaged 6.1 in Ouachita Parish, 3.5 in 
Morehouse Parish and 3.4 in Richland Parish. (Spink). Average square 
infestation at Tallulah, Madison Parish, was 9 percent. An average of 12.12 
eggs and 2.45 larvae were found per 100 terminals in Tallulah area. 
Infestations have been severe enough most fields in area to require control. 
Some boll damage has occurred. (Smith et al.). MISSISSIPPI - Light to heavy 
damage to squares and some boll damage to older fields in delta counties. Egg 
deposition light and very few small larvae reported. (Merk et al.). 

TENNESSEE - Continues to cause considerable damage over western area. 

No eggs found. Control results vary widely. (Locke). 


744 


GEORGIA - Egg counts averaged 6 and larvae 4 per 100 terminals in 15 northern 
fields. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Activity increased in Bamberg, Chesterfield, 
Dorchester, Hampton and Saluda Counties. Increased damaged expected. (Cott. 
Lett.). Some fields in Florence area still heavily infested and protective 
measures will continue to be necessary. (Fye et al.). TEXAS - Control still 
required in irrigated fields in McLennan and Falls Counties. (Parencia et al.). 
Infestations not serious but causing some damage in eastern, central, northeastern, 
north central, south plains and west cross timbers areas. (Gaines). ARIZONA - 
Heavy infestations some fields in Pima County. Sufficient numbers in some 

fields in Maricopa and Pinal Counties to warrant control. Moths very numerous 
many fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Heavy infestations on late 
cotton in lower Rio Grande Valley. Larvae being found at gins and in other 
areas where harvesting underway. (Gaines). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - NEW MEXICO - Two larvae found in cotton 
fields in Sierra County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - One larva found in 
Craighead County and one adult trapped at Hope. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - 
Few larvae in succulent plants in field in Falls County. (Parencia et al.). 
Some damage reported. (Gaines). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Early-instar larvae present 
over most of cotton-growing areas. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


LOOPERS - CALIFORNIA - Trichoplusia ni light to medium in Clovis-Sanger area of 
Fresno County. (Stromberg, Ext. Serv.). ARKANSAS - Present in number of 

cotton fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKALHOMA - Light in Washita County. (Coppock). 
ARIZONA - Small loopers becoming abundant again some fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, 
Sheets). TEXAS - Some damage reported. (Gaines). 


COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Heavy infestations 
in Maricopa and Pinal Counties. (Bottger, Sheets, Kauffman). 


COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - TENNESSEE - Found for first time this 
year in State. Collected in Chester County. (Locke). 


OMNIVOROUS LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Light to heavy 
infestations on cotton in Holtville area of Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Generally light infestations of Aphis gossypii most 
areas, some spotty and heavy infestations. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - 
A. gossypii serious in few fields in Sanger River Botton and Navelencia areas 
of Fresno County. (Stromberg, Ext. Serv.). ALABAMA - Moderate to heavy 
infestations of A. gossypii in Madison, Lee, Cherokee and Shelby Counties. 
Infestations in Madison County on young cotton and could become serious if 
treatments are not used. (Grimes). ARKANSAS - Populations increasing though 
few fields with damaging numbers at present. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - 
Control applied several experimental fields at Tallulah. (Smith et al.). 
MISSISSIPPI - Light infestations common in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). 
TENNESSEE - Generally light to medium infestations in western area. Some 
control required in fruiting fields. (Locke). GEORGIA - Light infestations 
of A. gossypii in Bartow, Polk, Gordon, Hart, Elbert and Madison Counties. 
(Johnson TEXAS - Damage reported. (Gaines) . 


FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Infestations generally light. (Gaines). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy in untreated fields in 
Fresno area of Fresno County and building up in Shafter area of Kern County. 
(Stromberg, Leigh, Beards, Ext. Serv.). ARIZONA - Populations increasing some 
fields nearly all areas. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). TEXAS - Some damage 
reported. (Gaines). 


745 


A PLANT BUG (Largus cinctus) - ARIZONA - Adults numerous in cotton fields at 
Marana, Pima County, and Queen Creek, Maricopa County, with potential damage 
great. (Bibby). 


STINK BUGS - ARIZONA - Increasing few fields in Salt River Valley. Species 
mostly Chlorochroa sayi and Thyanta pallido-virens spinosa. Populations light 
in Pima County, being heavily parasitized. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


WHITEFLIES - ALABAMA - A heavy infestation noted in Madison County. (Grimes). 
ARKANSAS - Present in large number of cotton fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


SPIDER MITES - CALIFORNIA - Generally heavy many fields in Shafter area of 
Kern County. (Leigh, Beards, Ext. Serv.). TEXAS - Some damage reported. 
(Gaines). ALABAMA - An extremely severe infestation observed in Madison 
County. (Grimes). ARKANSAS - Continue to be serious pest of cotton, especially 
in northeastern area. Causing defoliation some spots in heavily infested 
fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Count was 6.82 spider mites per square 
inch in one field at Tallulah. Heavy, spotted infestations appearing where 
some controls used; additional controls being applied. (Smith et al.). 
TENNESSEE - Causing severe damage over western area. Conditions favorable 
for buildup. (Locke). GEORGIA - Moderate infestations in Hart, Elbert and 
Madison Counties. (Johnson). SOUTH CAROLINA - Populations increased in 
Coastal Plain counties. Little economic damage expected. (Cott. Lett.). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - MICHIGAN - First male moths trapped July 31 
in Michigan for this season. One moth caught in each of two traps at Victor 
and Bath Townships, Clinton County, about one and one-half miles south of 

an area that was sprayed in 1956. This is a heavily wooded area with little 
cultivation and low swampy land along a creek. To date 3,923 traps have been 
set in 7 counties in the State comprising about 1,500 square miles. This 
includes all previously known infested sites in Michigan. The 15 state trap 
tenders are patrolling these traps every week to 10 days. (PPC Cen. Reg., 
July Rpt.). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - DELAWARE - Increasing on shrubs and trees 
throughout State, heaviest infestation still in Sussex County. Feeding 
lightly on elms and sycamore over State. (MacCreary, Conrad). SOUTH DAKOTA - 
Infestations on chokecherry andaspenin western area. (Klix, Hantsbarger). 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - MINNESOTA - Egg mass collections 
in Cascade area of Lake Superior average 4 masses per 15-inch branch indicating 
probable heavy defoliation next year. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - RHODE ISLAND - Heavy feeding on 
oak in Kingston area. (Howard). 


RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - MINNESOTA - Heavily defoliating 
jack pine plantations around Libby and Big Sandy Lake in Savannah State Forest. 
Some tree mortality expected. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


LOCUST LEAF MINER (Chalepus dorsalis) - INDIANA - Abundant in extreme southern 
and northern parts of State. (Schuder). 


WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - VIRGINIA - Damaged white pines in 
nurseries and pine plantations in southwest. (Miller). PENNSYLVANIA - A very 
noticeable infestation generally on white pine in northern and western areas. 


746 


Causing 2-3 years' growth of Scotch pine terminals to die. Reported more 
abundant than for many years. (Udine). General over State. (Pepper). 


A WEEVIL (Pissodes approximatus) - OHIO - Becoming a pest of Scotch pine in 
Christmas tree plantings. (Neiswander). 


IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - INDIANA - Ips grandicollis attacking Scotch pine 
slash and I. pini common in white pine prunings at LaPorte. (Schuder). 


A JUNE BEETLE (Polyphylla crinita) - CALIFORNIA - Damaging young pines in 
Leevining, Mono County. (Rice, USFS). 


A CONE BEETLE (Conophthorus sp.) - WISCONSIN - Seed loss on jack pine in 
Buffalo County estimated between 20 and 75 percent. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


A LEAF MINER (Camereria sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Widespread, moderate to 
severe damage to oak leaves over northeastern counties. (Scott). 


GALL INSECTS - TEXAS - Oak galls heavy on past oak in Brazos County. (Garner). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - 
Emergence reached its peak. As of August 14, a total of 1548 cases of 
Dutch elm disease. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - UTAH - Severely skeletonized 


large elms at Farmington. (Knowlton). VIRGINIA - Damaged foliage of elms at 
Arlington and Amherst. (Rowell). 


LACE BUGS - WISCONSIN - Populations along the Mississippi River appear to be 
heavier and causing more chlorosis than 10-12 years ago. Elm is principal host in 
Buffalo-Trempealaeu area, but infested leaves of hackberry turning yellow in 

Pepin area. Lighter infestations on sumac and black walnut. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
NEW JERSEY - Very abundant on sycamore and oak. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


MISSISSIPPI - Corythucha cydoniae attacking pyracantha and azalea in southern 
part of State. (Hutchins) . 


A TWIG BORER (Proteoteras aeSsculana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy population damaging 
silver maples in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cally (Coop. Rpt.) 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - INDIANA - Common on honeylocust through- 
out southern half of State. (Schuder). Injuring mimosa trees in Evansville. 
(Everly) , PENNSYLVANIA - Numbers of honeylocust seriously infested at Huntingdon. 
(Udine). 


EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - ALABAMA - A heavy infestation on euonymus 
shrubs in Madison County. Every twig on some of the plants completely covered 
with the scale. (Grimes). CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation of euonymus plants 
in Sacramento. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW YORK - One case in Suffolk County so 
severe that insect was covering leaves as well as stems. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


SCALE INSECTS - MISSISSIPPI - Aspidiotus juglans-regiae causing considerable 
damage in red bud trees in Hattiesburg. (Hutchins). OKLAHOMA - Chionaspis 
americana on Chinese elm in Washita and Beckham Counties. (Apt). CALIFORNIA - 
Aspidiotus camelliae and Saissetia oleae heavy on holly plants in Watsonville, 


Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). MINNESOTA - Gossyparia sSpuria, 
Lecanium corni, Pulvinaria innumerabilis and Chionaspis furfura infesting elms 
in St. Louis Park area to such an extent that many are dying. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


MITES - MARYLAND - Spider mites heavily infesting young street maples at Lanham. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Damaging ornamental ash trees at St. George and 
mountain aSh in northern area. (Knowlton). 


TA47 


JUNIPER WEBWORM (Dichomeris marginella) - MARYLAND - Damaging junipers at 
Dundalk. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) - DELAWARE - First record 
from New Castle County. Collected on various ornamentals including azalea 
and lilac. (Connell). MARYLAND - Damaging privet, azalea, rose and other 
ornamentals at Greenbelt. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


DOGWOOD TWIG BORER (Oberea tripunctata) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations in 
dogwoods in Stanly and Moore Counties. (Jones, Harris, Farrier). 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - MARYLAND - Heavy on cedars in 
Dorchester County. U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Attacking cedar trees 
in large numbers in various places in Halifax County. (Hall, Rowell). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES - WASHINGTON —- Aedes nigromaculis in moderate numbers in Franklin 

and Benton Counties. (LaMar). UTAH - Abundant and troublesome west of Ephraim, 
in Delta-Abraham area and throughout Cache Co. Very numerous at Syracuse, Davis 
Co. Much concern in northern Utah about equine encephalitis in persons and 
horses. (Knowlton). MINNESOTA - In 429 larval collections made in Twin City area 
August 8-14 Aedes vexans was taken 270 times, Culex tarsalis 70; in 71 biting 
collections A. vexans 70, C. tarsalis 4; in 90 light trap collections A. vexans 
90, C. tarsalis 6 and Culiseta inornata 32. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN — 
Problem in some northern areas. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NORTH CAROLINA - Vast increase 
of A. sollicitans in Onslow County and some found in Pamlico County. (Ashton). 


SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Numerous in farm flocks in Rich and 


Cache Counties. (Knowlton). 


A SCREW-WORM (Callitroga sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Considerable increase in number 
of cattle infested in Sierra County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Cattle annoyed by heel flies in east 
Millard County areas. (Knowlton). 


FLIES - WISCONSIN - Buildup in fly populations reported. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
NEW YORK - House flies continue at high population levels. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 
ILLINOIS - Stable flies increasing in southern area. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - UTAH - Abundant on unsprayed cattle herds gener- 
ally over State. (Knowlton). NEW YORK - Increasing problem on dairy and beef 
cattle. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


CHIGGERS - WISCONSIN - Causing annoyance in Kenosha area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) - FLORIDA - Reported to be quite 
numerous in a home and causing considerable irritation by their bites at Lake 
Monroe, Seminole County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PARASITES AND PREDATORS - NEW MEXICO - Syrphid fly adults very abundant in 

alfalfa fields near Hatch, Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). IDAHO - 

Geocoris sp. averaged 3-6 per sweep in many alfalfa and clover seed fields 

in southwest section. Orius tristicolor ranged 3-10 per sweep in some red 

clover fields and Nabis sp. 1-4 in most red clover fields in Canyon County. (Waters), 


748 


NEBRASKA - Lady beetles averaged 10 larvae and 15 adults per 10 sweeps in 
Republican Valley alfalfa. Other predators included, nabids at 13 per 10 sweeps, 
Orius spp. 20 and Geororis spp. 7. (Andersen). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


BLACK CARPET BEETLE (Attagenus piceus) - NORTH DAKOTA - Home infestations 
reported from many areas of the State. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - VIRGINIA - Heavy in a number of 
homes in Richmond. (Willey). MARYLAND - In a home in Baltimore. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). NORTH DAKOTA - Infestation reported in a Fargo home. (Ni DE 
Ins. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Populations heavy in many 
communities. (Knowlton). 


FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - MARYLAND - Numerous around homes in 
Glenridge section of Hyattsville. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


A FULGORID (Oliarus truncatus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on safflower in 
Yolo Pass area, Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CORRECTIONS 


CEIR 8(30) : 648 -ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - IDAHO - 
Should read CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - IDAHO. 


CEIR 8(33) : 725 - Under scale insects, delete complex after Gossyparia spuria. 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. 


ALABAMA 
Crossville 8/7,12,14 
ARKANSAS 
Fayetteville 8/7-13 
Hope 8/7-13 


Kelso 8/7-13 
Morrilton 8/7-13 
Osceola 8/7-13 
Stuttgart 8/7-13 


ILLINOIS 
Urbana 8/8-14 


INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 8/5-11 
Tippecanoe 8/6-13 


LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 8/8-14 
Shreveport 8/12, 14 


MAINE 
Monmouth 8/10-16 


MISSISSIPPI 
Grenada 8/4-9 
Senatobia 8/1-8 
State College 8/9-15 
*Stoneville 8/8-14 


NEBRASKA 
Alliance 7/29-8/3 
Lincoln 8/2-8 
Kearney 7/29-8/4 
North Platte 8/1-7 


NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 8/14 
Faison 8/14 


SOUTH CAROLINA 
Clemson 8/9-15 
Florence 8/10-16 
Charleston 8/11-17 


TENNESSEE (Counties) 
Blount 8/5-11 
Cumberland 8/5-11 
Greene 8/5-11 
Johnson 8/5-11 
Maury 8/5-11 
Robertson 8/5-11 


*Four traps - Stoneville. 


22 


51 
94 


2 

5 
37 
116 


58 
141 
172 
327 


30 
78 


Fo 


749 


Prod. 


19 


54 


Perid. 


20 


190 


1012 


12 


21 


Laphyg. Protoparce 


Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. sexta quing. zea vires. 


750 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


COLORADO - APHIDS increased on potatoes and corn. No significant increase 
of LEAFHOPPER populations indicated in light trap collections. TWO-SPOTTED 
SPIDER MITE building up on corn in Morgan and Weld Counties. CABBAGE LOOPER 
spotted in 5 south central counties, with 1-5 larvae per 10 plants. SIxX- 
SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER in some fields in same counties, with 1-10 per 100 plants, 
as is POTATO. APHID, which averaged 5-20 per plant. PEA APHID population low, 
50-100 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in these counties. (Exp. Sta.). 


ILLINOIS - Pupation of first-generation EUROPEAN CORN BORER complete in western 
part of State between Rock Island and Quincy, with only 45.2 percent having 
pupated. Moth emergence also complete in this area. Egg mass counts averaged 
48 per 100 plants, with hatching just beginning in some fields. Pupation 
complete in northern area, with 62 percent of larvae pupating, moth emergence 
83 percent complete. Egg mass counts vary 10-50 per 100 plants, with no hatch 
noted. CORN LEAF APHID greatly reduced in most fields by parasites, disease 
and predators. FLOUR BEETLES, GRANARY WEEVILS and INDIAN-MEAL MOTH more 
abundant in stored grain in southern part of State than for several years. 
Gels Sins. eRpiep:- 


NEBRASKA - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID building up in Republican Valley and Frenchman 
Creek areas, but remained light with 1 per 10 sweeps. Ranged to 100 per sweep 
in 2 Red Willow County fields. PEA APHID again building up in northeast and 
Republican Valley area. Averaged 425 per 100 sweeps. ALFALFA WEBWORM moderate 
in Republican Valley area, webbing noticeable in some fields. Averaged 12 per 
10 sweeps. VARIEGATED CUTWORM heavy in central area. Averaged 5 per square 
foot in alfalfa in Clay, Adams and Phelps Counties, all parasitized. BLISTER 
BEETLES very abundant, 10 per 10 sweeps, in most alfalfa fields checked in 
Republican Valley area. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE moderate in panhandle region. 
(Andersen) 


NEW YORK —- Insects of sweet corn in the Hudson Valley - Young CORN EARWORM 

in 2-3 percent of ears examined on untreated sweet corn in Dutchess and 
Ulster Counties; none found in Columbia County. Second-brood EUROPEAN CORN 
BORER appearing with peak hatch expected August 20-30. Small percentage of 
FALL ARMYWORM larvae appearing in pre-tassel corn. The most abundant insects 
in corn ears were CORN LEAF APHID and in Ulster County, larvae of SAP BEETLES. 
(N.Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


751 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


PEACH FRUIT MOTH (Carposina niponensiS Walsingham) 


Economic Importance: This carposinid is considered one of the most important 
pests of pome fruits in the Far East. It is very serious on apples in Japan, 
Korea, Manchuria and China, and may cause heavy losses if not controlled. 
Damage to peaches is often confused with that caused by Oriental fruit moth 
(Grapholitha molesta (Busck)) in Japan and Korea. With the increased amount 
of travel to and from Japan in the past several years, a correspondingly 
greater number of interceptions of C. niponensis have occurred at U. S. ports 
of entry. From 1948 until 1954, it was taken 14 times, mostly from apples 
originating in Japan. 


Hosts: Peach, apple, pear, plum, apricot, quince, nectarine and similar 
fruits. 


Distribution: Occurs throughout Japan and Korea, and is widespread in China 
and Manchuria. Also recorded in the literature in the Soviet Far East 
(Sakhalin). 


40° 120" 100" 80" 60" 
(UA AEA 


Naan 


General Distribution of Peach Fruit Moth 


(Carposinidae, Lepidoptera) Ne. 57 of Series 


752 


Life History and Habits: From one to three generations a year have been 
recorded, but two generations a year seem to be more common. The first brood 
of adults appears in late May and June on Honshu (Japan), the second from 
middle of July to early August and the third the middle of August to early 
September. In areas where there is only one generation, the adults emerge in 
May or June with hibernation following. Hibernating larvae are larger than 
those that pupate and emerge the same year. The adults are nocturnal, 
depositing eggs in clusters, ranging from 3 to 70 eggs, on or near the fruits. 
Each female will lay about 200 eggs. Larvae hatch in 5-8 days, develop in 

12 to 18 days, first crawling about gregariously for a short time, feeding 
slightly, then boring into the fruits at the calyx end. They tunnel all parts 
of the fruit, feeding on fleshy parts as well as the seeds. Damage resembles 
that caused by the apple maggot, but does not resemble damage by codling moth. 
Several larvae may feed in each fruit. On peach the entrance hole is noticeable 
because of the presence of a small amount of secretion on the surface of fruit, 
but on apple only a light, brownish colored secretion is present. Pupation 
lasts about two weeks and takes place in shallow cells in the ground under 

the trees. 


Description: Adult small, 6-9 mm. long, wing expanse about 15-19 mm. Color 

dark mottled gray. Forewings long and narrow, hind wings with fringe of long 
scales. Resembles many other species of family. Eggs elliptical, 0.44 x 

0.36 mm. Attachment end pointed, apical end blunt and rounded, light 
yellowish-brown with chorion granulated. Newly hatched larva orange-red, 

changes to milky-white, then back to orange-red at maturity. Mature larva 

13 mm. long. Pupa typical of group, reddish-brown. (Prepared in Plant 

Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.). CEIR 8(34) 8-22-58 


Female of Carposina niponensis 


Figure of adult from Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum. 1932. 2241 pp., 
Tokyo. 


Pl ANT PEST “aia DIS ION 
_Agecuu URAL 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 August 29, 1958 Number 35 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPER adults heavy in some localities of Wisconsin, caused some damage 
to red clover. Scattered economic infestations in eastern South Dakota, 
heaviest in central and north central districts. (p. 755). EUROPEAN CORN 
BORER activity increased in New Jersey and Maryland. Heavy flights in areas 
of North Carolina and Alabama. (p. 755). CORN EARWORM heavy and damaging 
in several states. (p. 755). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER heavy in several areas of New Mexico and found for 
first time in Desha County, Arkansas. (p. 756). FALSE CHINCH BUGS heavy and 
damaging in Several New Mexico areas. (p. 756). TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE 
buildup on Colorado corn, damaging Same crop in Utah and Washington. (p. 757). 
WHEAT JOINTWORM increased in Illinois. (p. 757). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL new to Rhode Island. (p. 758). PEA APHID counts high in several 
areas of Nebraska. (p. 758). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID increased in Colorado. 
(p. 758). LYGUS BUGS numerous in several states. (p. 759). i 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG adults more numerous in Wisconsin than any time since 
1944. (p. 759). FLEA BEETLES building up in Colorado potato fields, numerous 
in Wisconsin, Delaware and Massachusetts. (p. 762). 


Worst buildup of BOLLWORMS in South Carolina cotton in several years. Heavy 
on cotton in northern Alabama. Large numbers of moths emerging in Arkansas. 
Larvae building up in some Arizona localities. (p. 765). SPIDER MITES general 
on cotton throughout South Carolina, caused severe damage in western Tennessee, 
are major pests of cotton in Arkansas and extremely heavy in northern Alabama. 
Goeu6w)): 


FALL WEBWORM heavy in mountainous areas of Colorado, abundant on deciduous 
trees in area of Pennsylvania. (p. 768). 


WEBWORM MOTH catches high in Nebraska. (p. 773). 


CORRECTIONS. (p. 771). ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 773). 


FR AC eK KC ig 2 kk IIE ke ga ic 2g 2 2 2 ie a 2 2 ak 2 ok 2k 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 22, unless otherwise 
designated. 


754 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 25 


Continued hot and dry west of the Continental Divide, falling temperatures 
east of the Divide with a touch of autumn in northern areas, general rains 

in the Great Plains about midweek and in the East at the end, and a hurricane 
east of Florida still moving northwestward on the 25th was the week's general 
weather pattern. The hot, dry weather in the Far West maintained an extremely 
high fire hazard in the Pacific Northwest and an average to high hazard else- 
where in that region. Lightning started many fires in the Sequoia National 
Forest of California and an uncontrolled fire.was reported in Mount Baker 
National Forest on the 23d. Temperatures for the week averaged as much as 

10° above normal in the Pacific Northwest where the summer to-date is among 
the warmest on record. As an example of the unusually dry weather in that 
region, Portland, Oregon on August 24 had had 55 consecutive days without 
measurable precipitation. The week was 3° to over 6° cooler than normal in 
much of the mid-continent area. Lowest temperatures occurred at the end of 
the period when a cold front moved to the Gulf of Mexico. Madison, Wis., 
recorded 37° on the 25th, the lowest temperature ever observed there in August 
during a record dating back more than 80 years. Cranmoor, Wis., recorded 24° 
on the 25th, International Falls, Minn., 32° on the 22d, Grand Marais, Mich. , 
31° on the 23d and light frost was reported at higher elevations in the Black 
Hills of South Dakota. 


Precipitation east of the Divide was quite variable, but generally totaled 

from 4 to 1 inch with 2 to over 4 inches in scattered areas of heavy thunder- 
storms. In the North Central Interior, dry weather was becoming serious in 
many areas of South Dakota where only widely scattered showers occurred, dry. 
soil was reported in western and central North Dakota, soil moisture continued 
short in western and eastern Montana and rain was badly needed in the south- 
western quarter of Minnesota. Midweek showers relieved the moisture deficiency 
in some southern and eastern areas of Wisconsin and most of Lower Michigan 
received beneficial heavy rain on the 20th and 21st. Heavy rains that locally 
ranged from 5 to 9 inches in central and eastern Oklahoma on the 20th caused 
considerable flood damage. Central and southern Louisiana also received 
unusually heavy rains the latter part of the week, Alexandria reporting 9.02 
inches in the last 72 hours of the period. Severe local storms were relatively 
few during the week. But hurricane Daisy located about 220 miles east of 
Melbourne, Fla., at 5 a.m., August 26, was still moving northwestward at 5 m.p-h. 
While the hurricane offered no serious threat to the east coast at that time, 
its curvature away from the coast still was not yet definitely established. 
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


755 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - NORTH CAROLINA - Several species caused moderate to severe 
damage to corn, tobacco and gardens in many western counties. (Scott). 
LOUISIANA - Heavy on pasture grass in Livingston, St. Helena, East Feliciana 
and West Feliciana Parishes. Averaged 166 per 100 sweeps of rice in 6 fields 
at Gueydan, Vermilion Parish. (Spink). ARKANSAS - Annual survey in western 
part of State showed very low numbers in most areas. Counts averaged lower 
than in 1957 except in small number of isolated spots where grasshoppers have 
built up over a period of years. Only a small percent of those observed were 
of the more destructive species. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - Melanoplus 
femur-rubrum adults heavy, damaged red clover in some eastern Portage County 
locations. Estimated at 75 or more per square yard in some fields. Grasshoppers 
averaged 10-45 per square yard in forage on light soil areas in Green, Lake 

and Marquette Counties. Caused considerable leaf reduction. Damage heavy in 
some Wood County fields, treatment being applied. Large numbers in some fields 
in Winnebago, Waukesha and Shawano Counties. In general, populations vary 
considerably between fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 0.7 per 
square yard in clover and alfalfa fields in northeast section and 5.6 in 
southeast section. (I11. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Adult survey showed 
scattered economic infestations in eastern portion of State, with up to 25 

per square yard in some localities. Central and north central districts are 
the heaviest infested. Dominant species are M. bivittatus, M. differentialis 
and M. femur-rubrum. (Hantsbarger, Klix). MONTANA - Cooperative rangeland 
control programs in Phillips and Stillwater Counties, were completed on July 2 
and July 12. The Wheatland-Meagher area of 90,000 acres was checked and found 
free from economic populations. Control was applied to heavily infested areas 
of the Ft. Belknap Reservation. For the most part, spraying was conducted to 
protect crop and hay land. Mormon crickets in the spray area were successfully 
controlled. The southern part of the reservation remains heavily infested with 
range species. (PPC, West. Reg., July Rpt.). 


UTAH - Damage spotted. Serious in some areas of Piute and Box Elder Counties. 
(Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Damaged sorghum heads in Curry and Quay Counties. 

Most severe along fence rows and ditch banks. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - 
M. devastator medium on dry pasture in Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt. 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Activity increasingly 
heavy. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MARYLAND —- Larval damage to stalks and ears of 
sweet corn increased in most sections. Infestations ranged 4-44 percent of 
plants in Frederick and Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH 
CAROLINA - Heavy flight of moths ovipositing in Northampton County peanut 
field. (Cooper, Farrier). WISCONSIN - Moths laying eggs. Hatched egg masses 
in Rock County, August 18. Pupation varies considerably within different 
areas. In 4 western counties, 25 percent of larvae were killed by parasites, 
principally Lydella grisescens, but Horogenes punctorius and Sympiesis viridula 
were noted. ChE: Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Some heavy infestations in 
Fargo area sweet corn. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Pupation complete, 
with some emergence, in southeast district. Larvae predominantly fifth instar 
in central district. (Hantsbarger, Klix). ILLINOIS - Egg masses averaged 

92 per 100 plants in field corn in north central section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.) 
OHIO - First second-brood oviposition observed at Wooster, August 18. Later 
observations indicated high incidence of predation, presumably by coccinellids. 
(Triplehorn). ALABAMA - Heavy flights underway in northern part of State. 

Eggs plentiful on grain sorghum. (Eden). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Heavy increase in activity, 
becoming several times as numerous in trap collections as during previous 
week. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MARYLAND - Increased in sweet corn ears in all 
sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Remained heavy in ears of corn 
throughout Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). ARKANSAS - Averaged 25 per 
sweep in Conway County alfalfa fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Mostly 


756 


fifth instar or have pupated and emerged in southern field corn. Eggs being 
laid on fresh silks. Moths flying in northern section, laying eggs on fresh 
silks of field and sweet corn. Few eggs have hatched. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). 

UTAH - Infesting 88-99 percent of ears in corn fields and gardens in Iron 
County. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Nearly 100 percent of garden sweet corn ears 
infested in Parma. (Waters). TEXAS - Feeding on leaves of peanuts in Erath 
and Comanche Counties. (Hawkins). NEW MEXICO - Feeding in Lea County sorghum 
heads, damage heavy but spotty. Heavy infestations destroyed corn ears. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in corn in Woodland and Winters areas, 
Yolo County, and in Imperial Beach, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 
WASHINGTON - Caused heavy damage to sweet corn near Quincy, Grant County. Eggs 
and larvae present. (Landis). ALA. - Adults emerged northern areas. (Eden). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - NEW JERSEY - Activity increasingly 

heavy. Becoming very numerous. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MARYLAND - Increase 
expected in late field and sweet corn. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - 
Decreased on late field corn. Few full-grown larvae on younger stalks through- 
out State. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Severe on corn in one area of 
Orange County; damage extensive to many stalks. (Estes). ALABAMA - Large 
numbers of adults on legume crops in Lee County. (Ruffin). ARKANSAS - 
Averaged 16 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Conway County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
LOUISIANA - Remained very numerous on corn in northern part of State. (Spink). 
NEW MEXICO - Damaged sorghum heads near Lovington, Lea County. (N. M. Coop. 
Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in corn at Bonita, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. 
Rpts) 


LOOPERS - ARIZONA - Averaged 10 larvae per 100 heads of sorghum in Graham 
County. (Woodruff). 


BLISTER BEETLES - COLORADO - Several species caused damage on corn, alfalfa, 
potatoes, ornamentals and other plants throughout eastern counties. (Ext. 
Serv., Exp. Sta.). DELAWARE - Epicauta sp. common in Kent County alfalfa. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - COLORADO - Adults of D. virgifera averaged 
2-4 per plant, feeding on tassels and silk in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Pueblo 

and Larimer Counties. (Exp. Sta.). SOUTH DAKOTA - D. virgifera adults averaged 
3-5 per plant in one corn field in Turner County. Adults of D. undecimpunctata 
howardi averaged 7 per 20 sweeps in alfalfa fields in southeast district. 


(Hantsbarger, Klix). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO - Severe, 
damaged corn in De Baca, Quay, Curry and Roosevelt Counties. Caused stalks 
to break. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Most moths have emerged. Found in 
corn for the first time in Desha County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - TEXAS - Heavy, locally on maize in Motley 


County. (Hawkins). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEVADA - Heavy migrations occurred in Reno 
area, Washoe County. (Bechtel, Aug. 15). UTAH - Mass populations still being 
encountered; sometimes in alfalfa, small grains and gardens. (Knowlton). 

NEW MEXICO - Infesting 6,000 acres of sorghum in Curry County, with estimated 

50 percent loss in some fields. Heavy and damaging sorghums in Quay, Roosevelt, 
Lea, De Baca and Chaves Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


STINK BUGS - TEXAS - Medium on maize in Motley County. (Hawkins). ARIZONA —- 
Averaged 40-60 per 100 heads in sorghum, Graham County. (Woodruff). 


757 


A FIELD CRICKET - NORTH DAKOTA - Scattered, moderate to heavy, in flax fields 
in northern Cass County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - More abundant 
than usual in fields throughout eastern portion of State. Averaged 15 nymphs 
per square yard in one alfalfa field in Kingsbury County. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - MARYLAND - Heavy on sweet corn in 
Chestertown area. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Colony size not as large 
as in 1957, although high percentage of corn is infested. Numbers reduced by 
parasites, but injury to corn is more evident. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE - 
Marked decrease on corn. (MacCreary, Conrad). OHIO - Severe infestation in 
several northwestern counties has subsided. Appears to be very little damage 
to crop. Fields heavily infested are recovering. (Triplehorn). CALIFORNIA - 
Heavy in sorghum fields in Clarksburg area, Yolo County. (CalsnCoopea Rpt): 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy on sorghum in 
Delta counties where cultural practices have been neglected. (Green). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - COLORADO - Buildup on corn 

in Prowers, Bent, Otero and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Damaged 
corn at Farmington. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Caused moderate to severe damage 
to sweet corn near Quincy and several other communities in Columbia Basin. 
(Landis) . 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - ILLINOIS - Survey showed large reduction 
over 1957 population. Average puparia per 100 tillers in wheat were: 1956 - 
ON 49 LO ove HO. 28 and LIo8m— i291 Cli. oins') Rpt.) 


A LYGAEID (Paromius longulus) - LOUISIANA - Averaged 30 adults and 13 nymphs 
per 100 sweeps in 6 fields of rice at Gueydan, Vermilion Parish. (Spink). 


RICE STINK BUG (Oebalus pugnax) - LOUISIANA - Averaged 101 adults and 13 nymphs 
per 100 sweeps in 6 rice fields at Gueydan, Vermilion Parish. (Spink). 


WHEAT JOINTWORM (Harmolita tritici) - ILLINOIS - Survey showed an increase in 
infestation. Average percentage of stems infested for past 3 years were: 
O56 TSO; LIS Vo) Sudo land 19582 6.73.2 (lb. Ins Rpt.) 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - UTAH - Adults numerous in 
alfalfa fields in Box Elder, Weber, Davis and Salt Lake Counties. Caused 
moderate damage to some alfalfa fields in Delta-Desert area. (Knowlton). 
ARKANSAS - Averaged 7 per 10 sweeps in Carroll County alfalfa fields and 8 

in Conway County alfalfa. ( Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 3 per 100 
sweeps in clover and alfalfa in northeast section and 13 in southeast section. 
Gaile tins aR pit. ie 


CLOVER HEAD CATERPILLAR (Grapholitha interstinctana) - ILLINOIS - Adults averaged 
3 per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa fields in northeast section and 10 in 
southeast section. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - MARYLAND - Decreased on soybeans in some 
areas. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Common on alfalfa and soybeans. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). INDIANA - Moderate on soybeans in many sections. (Gould) . 
ARKANSAS - Averaged 4 per 10 sweeps of alfalfa in Carroll County, 6 in Conway 
County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - In clover and alfalfa, averaged 23 per 
100 sweeps in northeast and 53 in southeast sections. GE ein'seseR pitas 
VIRGINIA - Infesting soybeans in several areas (Matheny et al.). 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - LOUISIANA - Adults and small 
larvae very numerous in soybeans, St. Landry Parish. (Spink). VIRGINIA - 
Approximately 6 per 10 feet of row space in Northumberland County soybeans 
(Saville) , also in soybeans in Gloucester County (Birdsall) and Lancaster County 
(McSwain). Few adults taken in light trap at Painter, Accomack County, in past 
2-3 weeks. (Hofmaster). 


758 


STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) - INDIANA - Caused damage to foliage 
of soybeans in several areas of the State. (Gould). 


WEBWORMS - DELAWARE - Loxostege similalis common in some alfalfa fields. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). ARKANSAS - L. similalis averaged 18 per 10 sweeps in 
Conway County alfalfa fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Large numbers 
of Nomophila noctuella being caught in light trap at Walla Walla. Recorded 
as a pest of alfalfa and clover. (Cook). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - RHODE ISLAND - Adults and larvae on alfalfa 
in Providence, Kent and Washington Counties. First record for State. Adults 
averaged 1-3 per 100 sweeps, larvae found occasionally August 1. Det. 

W. H. Anderson, R. E. Warner. (Hansen, Kerr). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - INDIANA - Caused foliage damage to 
soybeans. (Gould). VIRGINIA - Increased on soybeans on Eastern Shore. 
(Hofmaster) . 


A COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) - INDIANA - Caused foliage damage to soybeans in 
several areas of State. (Gould). ILLINOIS - Adults averaged 10 per 100 
sweeps in clover and alfalfa fields in northeast section and 13 in southeast 
section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEVADA - Abundant on alfalfa for this late in 
season in Elko County. (Menke, Aug. 15). NEBRASKA - Increased throughout 
most of State. Ranged 5-197 per 100 sweeps in northeast, 0-307 in east 
central, 440-3485 in central, 240-1733 in southwest and 300-1100:in south 


central sections. (Howe). IDAHO - Greatly reduced in most untreated red 
clover fields in Canyon County. (Waters). WYOMING - Averaged 310 per 10 
sweeps in alfalfa in northern Sweetwater County. (Davison). MARYLAND - 


Averaged less than 5 per sweep on alfalfa, Frederick and Howard Counties. 

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - Injured alfalfa in Box Elder County. Moderate 
damage to alfalfa in Beaver, Tooele, Millard and Wasatch Counties. (Knowlton) . 
ARKANSAS - Averaged 150 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa fields in Carroll County and 
50 in Conway County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - In alfalfa and clover 
fields, averaged 122 per 100 sweeps in northeast and 150 in southeast sections. 
Gila in Si-aRpitipe 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEVADA - Abundant and caused 
moderate damage in many alfalfa fields, other than Lahontan variety, in Moapa 
and Virgin Valley, Clark County. (Hoff, Aug. 15). COLORADO - Increased in 
Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. Light, 100-400 per 100 
sweeps, in Delta County August 5. New infestations appeared at Palisade and 
Orchard Mesa, Mesa County, with 3000-5000 per 100 sweeps. Winged forms most 
abundant. First specimens taken in Garfield County August 11 were winged 
forms. (Exp. Sta.). NEBRASKA - Counts in alfalfa per 100 sweeps in southwest 
and south central counties were Perkins, 20; Dundy, 8-133; Hitchcock, 20; 

Red Willow, 6-80; Furnas, 6; Phelps, 0-28; Adams, 4; and Clay, 50. (Howe). 
Reported for first time in 1958 from Gosper and Frontier Counties and averaged 
29 per 100 sweeps in these 2 counties. (Andersen). NEW MEXICO - Appeared 
again in Eddy and Chaves County fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Some 
damage to fourth-crop alfalfa. Several fields sprayed in Dixie area of 
Washington County. Light to moderately numerous in Iron, Beaver and Millard 
County fields generally. (Knowlton) . 


YELLOW CLOVER APHID (Therioaphis trifolii) - ILLINOIS - Averaged 12 per 100 
sweeps in clover and alfalfa fields in northeast and 185 in southeast sections. 
GilseinseeRpiteoe 


759 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - MASSACHUSETTS - Nymphs of L. lineolaris suddenly 
becoming numerous. Averaged 75 per 100 sweeps on one Hampshire County field. 
(Shaw, Lavigne, Aug. 5). NEW MEXICO - Heavy in several fields of seed alfalfa, 
Chaves, Lea and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WISCONSIN - L. lineolaris 
populations very high in many alfalfa fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Adults 
and nymphs abundant in Tooele and Washington County alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). 
ILLINOIS - L. lineolaris adults averaged 250 per 100 sweeps in clover and 
alfalfa in northeast section and 105 in southeast section. (Ill. Ins. Rpt.). 
ARIZONA - Heavy in alfalfa fields in Graham County, 300-350 adults and nymphs 
per 100 sweeps. (Woodruff) . 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WISCONSIN - Adults more numerous 
than any time since 1944 and currently infesting greater area of State than 

in 1944. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Averaged 220 adults per 100 sweeps 

in clover and alfalfa fields in northeast section and 10 in southeast section. 
Galley einshyeRpite) 


PLANT BUGS - MASSACHUSETTS - Nymphs of Adelphocoris lineolatus becoming num- 
erous. Averaged 37 per 100 sweeps in one Hampshire County field. (Shaw, 
Lavigne, Aug. 5). WISCONSIN - A. lineolatus populations very high in many 
alfalfa fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). ILLINOIS - Nymphs averaged 400 per 100 
sweeps in clover and alfalfa in northeast section and 325 in southeast section, 
Adelphocoris rapidus adults averaged 250 and 105 respectively in same crops. 
CliesinsteRpt Ee 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEBRASKA - Counts per 100 sweeps in alfalfa 
were 12.5-55 in northeast, 4-96 in east central, 36-300 in central, 2-150 in 
southwest, 0-150 in south central and 30-120 adults and 0-40 nymphs in south- 
east sections of State. (Howe). MARYLAND - Approximately 1 per sweep in 16 
alfalfa fields surveyed, Frederick and Howard Counties. Much lighter than at 
same time in 1957. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Populations continued 
variable between and within alfalfa fields. Generally less numerous than in 
1957. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE - Prevalent in Sussex County alfalfa, 
common elsewhere. (MacCreary, Conrad). ILLINOIS - Averaged 50 adults and 

53 nymphs per 100 sweeps in clover and alfalfa in northeast section and 75 
adults and 105 nymphs in southeast section. (I]1. Ins. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - 
Medium on Loudoun County alfalfa. (Gerken). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 
18 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Carroll County and 59 in the same crop in 
Conway County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - IDAHO - Averaged 20 per sweep in 
Canyon County red clover fields. (Waters) . 


THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Damaged seed alfalfa near Carlsbad, Eddy County. (N. M. 
Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Extremely numerous in alfalfa fields, especially seed 
fields, in Millard, Beaver and Utah Counties. (Knowlton). 


LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Fourth-generation 
adults on peanuts in Erath and Comanche Counties. (Hawkins). 


CRANBERRY GIRDLER (Crambus topiarius) - WASHINGTON - Caused severe damage to 
grasses grown for seed in some fields in Spokane area. (Harwood) . 


A CHINCH BUG - LOUISIANA - Caused considerable damage to St. Augustine grass 
in East Baton Rouge, St. Landry and Acadia Parishes and in the greater New 
Orleans area. (Spink). 


WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) - UTAH - Has kept large areas 
of rangeland bare. Also, problem on several thousand acres of croplands over 
State. (Knowlton). 


760 


EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - In the principal infested area involving 
Monroe, Ontario, Seneca and Wayne Counties, NEW YORK, infestation was found 
outside the regulated area only in Waterloo, Seneca County. In the Syracuse 
infested area adults were found outside the regulated area in Camillus, Lysander, 
Manlius, Onondaga and VanBuren, Onondaga County, extending the infestation 
mostly west and less to the south and east. Adults were found on property 
adjacent to previously controlled infested areas in Buffalo, Lockport and 
Niagara Falls. Two adults were caught in the periphery of the Meriden, 
CONNECTICUT, infested area, approximately 0.3 of a mile north of the center 

of known infestation. Scouting in WEST VIRGINIA and PENNSYLVANIA gave negative 
results. (PPC, East. Reg., July Rpt.). 


761 


FRUIT INSECTS. 


EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) - MASSACHUSETTS - Causing some damage in 
orchards. (Wheeler). MARYLAND - Populations decreasing on apples. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - COLORADO - Continues to be 
problem in pear orchards in Mesa County. (Exp. Sta.). MARYLAND - Building up 
in some orchards. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Medium on apples in some 
areas of York County and Hampton City. (Adams). 


ORCHARD MITES - NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations of Tetranychus sp. in several 
orchards in Otero, Lincoln, Bernalillo, Sandoval and Rio Arriba Counties. 
Bryobia praetiosa complex heavily damaging foliage locally in Otero and 

De Baca Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Foliage damage severe in many 
Iron and Washington County apple, plum and pear orchards. Damage also 
conspicuous in Davis County. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Overwintering forms 

of Eriophyes pyri moving into buds of infested trees in moderate to heavy 
numbers in fruit-growing areas around Wenatchee and Chelan. (Burts). Heavy 
damage to young bearing pear trees in Quincy area. Rust mites extremely heavy 
on apple nursery stock in Prosser area. (Brannon). CALIFORNIA - Vasates 
schlechtendali medium infestation on apple leaves in Yucaipa area of 

San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MASSACHUSETTS - Emergence in cages 
continues at rate of 1-3 flies per day. Adults seen frequently in trees. 

Main migration has not reached peak. (Whitcomb, Garland, Aug. 15). 

MARYLAND - Heavy infestation of apples in southern Washington County. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - Abundant in Providence County. (Tibbits). i 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - UTAH - Severe commonly in Iron County 
apple orchards. Serious in some Washington and Millard County apples. 
(Knowlton). MARYLAND - A few stings and some entries in apples. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - Medium on walnut trees in Riverside, Riverside 
County. (Cals, |Coop. Rpt-)i. 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate 
damage to apples in orchards where first brood not controlled. (U. Md., 

Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Pupae and adult collected Kent County August 18. 
Emergence of adults from collected pupae began August 19. (MacCreary, Conrad) . 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - NEW JERSEY - Twig activity’ much 
later this summer. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


A SCARABAEID (Cotinis texana) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations in peach 
orchards in southern half of State and considerable damage to ripening fruit. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - In large populations in Vista, San Diego 
County. Some attacking orange fruit. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Damage 
to peaches and grapes, probably by this species. (Woodruff). 


PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on stone 
fruits in areas of Sutter, San Diego and Colusa Counties. (Cal CoopayRpte) 


SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on peach fruit at 
Mesa Grande, San Diego. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - WASHINGTON - Heavy in pear orchard near White 
Salmon. (Brannon) . 


762 


MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - Some 260,000 parasites were 
released in different locations in the states of Michoacan, Puebla, Oaxaca, 
Sinaloa, Nayarit, Colima, Jalisco and Nuevo Leon. Material from some of these 
localities is being reared to determine if the parasites are established and 
to what extent. The sixth and seventh sprayings were completed in Tijuana 
and the sixth in Tecate, Baja California. A total of 50,879 host plants were 
sprayed on 8,674 properties. A total of 1,114 traps were operated at Ensenada, 
Tecate and Tijuana, Baja California, with 452 properties trapped and 5,077 
inspections made. No Mexican fruit flies were taken and none have been 
trapped since August 20, 1957. (PPC, Mex. Reg., July Rpt.). All trappings in 
the Nogales locality, Santa Cruz County, ARIZONA, along the Mexican Border, 
were negative, as were those in CALIFORNIA. (PPC, West. Reg., July Rpt.). 


CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on orange 
trees in Sanger, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - TEXAS - Scouting was carried on in 
Cameron and Hidalgo Counties with 30,264 trees on 496 properties inspected. 

No infestation was found in this area. (PPC, So. Reg., July Rpt.). 

MEXICO - In the chemical control zones of the states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon 
and Sonora 172,251 trees were inspected on 2,369 properties and 24 infested 
trees were found on 8 properties. All infestations were very light, none 

near International Border. In the eastern area 4,705 trees on 81 properties 
were sprayed in State of Tamaulipas and 34,494 trees sprayed on 46 properties 
in State of Nuevo Leon. All known infestations in western area have been 
sprayed. A total of 460,900 parasites liberated in 6 municipalities in the 
biological control zone of the State of Tamaulipas. (PPC, Mex. Reg., July Rpt.). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


FLEA BEETLES - NEVADA - Extremely numerous and causing localized, heavy damage 
to potato foliage in Smith Valley, Lyon County. (Batchelder, Gallaway, Aug. 15). 
UTAH - Moderate damage to potatoes in Antimony. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Epitrix 
tuberis building up, 80-200 per 100 sweeps in potato fields in Garfield 


County. Control necessary. (Exp. Sta.). WIS. - Striped flea beetle populations 
appear higher than normal in some localities. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). VIRGINIA - 
Very heavy on cole crops in Eastern Shore counties. (Hofmaster). DELAWARE - 


E. cucumeris very heavy on potatoes in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
MASSACHUSETTS - Second brood of Epitrix cucumeris abundant. (Wheeler). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Feeding heavily 
on fruit and foliage of a field of tomatoes in Sussex County and fairly 

common on this crop throughout area and in Kent County. Heavy on potatoes in 
Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


A BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy damage to young tomato 
plantings in Niland area of Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW MEXICO - Severe damage to untreated and 
improperly treated tomato fields near Deming, Luna County. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). 
MARYLAND - Infestations from various localities. Expected to increase. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - DELAWARE - Fairly heavy on tomatoes in southwest 
Sussex County and light throughout rest of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 

COLORADO - Averaged 2 larvae per tomato plant, Adams County. (Canning Industry). 
NEW YORK - More abundant than usual on tomatoes in Nassau County. (N.Y. Wkly. 
Rpt.). 


763 


APHIDS - WISCONSIN - Potato aphids building up in Racine and Kenosha Counties, 

but not present in Rhinelander area where normally expected. Moderate populations 
of cabbage aphids seem difficult to control in Kenosha and Racine Counties, and 
more numerous than for past 3 or 4 years in Madison area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 

NEW YORK - Heavy populations on cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli in Monroe 
County. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - NEVADA - A moderate population of adults 
on potatoes in Smith Valley, Lyon County. (Batchelder, Gallaway, Aug. 15). 
WYOMING - Infestation in southeastern area virtually disappeared. No psyllids 
found on potatoes in the area. (Davison). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Adults and nymphs common on 
potatoes in areas of Beaver, Iron and Washington Counties. (Knowlton). 


A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca filamenta) - WASHINGTON - Moderate damage to potatoes in 
Kittitas County. (Landis). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - Nymphs and adults common at 
Rhinelander. In Trempealeau County untreated lima bean fields averaged 3 adults 
and nymphs per foot of row but none found in treated fields. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
DELAWARE - Common on potatoes and lima beans in Sussex County and prevalent on 
limas in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - CALIFORNIA - Light on tomatoes in Encanto 
area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW JERSEY - Serious on broccoli and cabbage. 
Some injury to foliage of tomatoes. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Still 
commonly found in all areas of State but decreased somewhat on peppers, 

potatoes and tomatoes. Prevalent on broccoli in New Castle County and cabbages 
in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Light to moderate on tomatoes 
on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Averaged 5-6 per leaf on 
cucumbers in Eastern Shore counties. (Hofmaster). WISCONSIN - Moderate numbers 
in Racine and Kenosha Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NEW MEXICO - Light to 
moderate damage to lettuce near Artesia, Eddy County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - VIRGINIA - Fairly heavy on cole crops 
in Eastern Shore counties. (Hofmaster) . 


IRIS WHITEFLY (Aleyrodes spiraeoides) - WASHINGTON - In moderate though 
increasing numbers on potatoes and many weeds near Warden, Kittitas and Quincy. 
(Landis). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on tomatoes in Carlsbad, San Diego County. 
(GalieiCoop. Rpt.)). 


A WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes sp.) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on collards and snap beans 
in Eastern Shore counties. (Hofmaster). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - WYOMING - Severe damage to some 
fields in Goshen County. Average of 9 adults per 25 sweeps and 5 larvae per 
25 sweeps in some fields. Other fields with minor damage. (Davison). 

DELAWARE - Heavy on lima beans in parts of Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
ALABAMA - Still plentiful on beans in central part of State. (Arant). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - VIRGINIA - Increasing on snap beans 
in Eastern Shore counties. (Hofmaster) . 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - NEW JERSEY - Abundant on snap and lima 
beans. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Fairly common on lima beans throughout 
State, but a definite decrease noted. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


764 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - DELAWARE - Fairly common on lima 
beans and asparagus ferns in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
CALIFORNIA - Light on beans at Imperial Beach, San Diego County and medium 
on beans in Pleasanton area of Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - IDAHO - Moderate damage to 
pole beans in Franklin County. iRoperteye WASHINGTON - Moderate to severe 
damage to potatoes and beans near Quincy and several other areas in Columbia 
Basin. (Landis). 


SWEETPOTATO LEAF ROLLER (Pilocrocis tripunctata) - LOUISIANA - Widespread and 
causing considerable damage to foliage of sweetpotatoes in Lafayette and 
St. Landry Parishes. (Spink). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - WISCONSIN - About 80 percent 
of untreated celery and some carrot fields in Kenosha-Racine area infested 
with aster yellows. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


A LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - INDIANA - In moderate numbers in most mint fields. 
(Gould). DELAWARE - Larvae prevalent on carrot foliage in New Castle County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - DELAWARE - Larvae common 
on asparagus ferns in various parts of the State. Feeding lightly on peppers 
and tomatoes in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - A few heavy infestations on 
peppers in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Heavy on 
peppers in one field in Kent County but increasing slowly on peppers and 
cole crops elsewhere in State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Light to moderate in 
pepper fruits in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DEALWARE - New egg 
masses fairly common on peppers in central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


CUTWORMS - WASHINGTON - Often 10-12 larvae of a cutworm (probably Heliothis 
ploxiphaga) per plant feeding on hop cones; causing as much as 10 percent 
loss in some yards throughout Yakima Valley. (Klostermeyer) . 


SPIDER MITES - WASHINGTON - Severe damage to raspberries in Puyallup Valley. 
(Breakey). 


A NITIDULID BEETLE (Glischrochilus sp.) - IDAHO - Damaging strawberries in 
Moscow area. (Portman). 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - General on tobacco in southern 
part of State. Heavy infestations not as common as in 1957. Some controls 
applied. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Second-brood eggs averaged 8 per 
50 tobacco plants, St. Marys County. Larval damage light to moderate. 

(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - About 5 percent of tobacco plants ina 
Vernon County field were infested. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). VIRGINIA - Second- 
brood larvae light to medium on Pittsylvania County tobacco. Large portion 
of acreage has been treated. (Dominick). 


765 


TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - MARYLAND - More abundant on tobacco 
than usual. Treatment applied to some fields near Upper Marlboro. (U. Md.,~ 
Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Decreased on tobacco in Pittsylvania County. (Dominick). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Migration general in 
Coastal Plain, August 19. Most squares and many young bolls being punctured 
in unprotected cotton. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Average of 24 percent 
infestation in 12 western counties compared with average of 51 percent a year 
ago. Migration from older fields occurring. Generations overlapping. (Locke). 
ALABAMA - Infestations continue to increase in all areas. Migrations also 
continue to increase. (Rawson, Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - General infestation 
still extremely low in delta counties. Third-generation weevils emerging 
over area; some fields infested for the first time. (Merkl et al.). 

LOUISIANA - Infestations averaged 32 percent in 21 fields in Avoyelles Parish 
and 13 in 94 fields in Rapides Parish. Averages ran from 14 to 34 percent 

in Grant, Richland, Ouachita and Morehouse Parishes. (Spink). Twelve percent 
infestation in 129 fields in Madison Parish. Newly hatched weevils noted in 
blooms. Infestations increasing rapidly following rains. Treatment will be 
needed in many fields until October. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Third- 
generation weevils emerging. Generations overlapping. Square counts high 
because of Scarcity of squares. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKALHOMA - Caused moderate 
to heavy damage to late squares in south central, southeastern and east central 
areas. Most fields showed 30-65 percent of Squares punctured. General 

light damage in southeastern counties. (Coppock). TEXAS - Heavy in sections 
of central, northeast and north central areas. (Gaines). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Injury continued to 
increase as populations built up. Worst buildup in several years. (Cott. 
Lett.). TENNESSEE - Counts averaged O-11 larvae and eggs O-8 per 100 terminals. 
All larval stages in most fields with considerable damage being done. (Locke). 
MISSISSIPPI - Activity slow in delta counties. Heavy egg deposition expected 
during next 7 days. (Merkl et al.). ALABAMA - Heavy on cotton in northern part 
of State, especially in irrigated fields. All larval stages present. In some 
fields 75 percent of terminals showed some damage. Eggs scarce, but adults 
swarming from corn beginning to dry up will keep infestations high if controls 
are not applied. (Rawson, Grimes). LOUISIANA - Infestation averaged 4 percent 
in 21 Avoyelles Parish fields, 9.5 percent in 94 Rapides Parish fields, 

10 percent in 40 Grant Parish fields, 2.9 percent in 12 Richland Parish fields, 
5 percent in 90 Ouachita Parish fields and 2.3 percent in 152 fields in 
Morehouse Parish. (Spink). Square infestation averaged 7 percent in 145 fields 
of 147 inspected in Madison Parish. Commercial damage in many fields. 
Considerable boll damage in some fields. Eggs averaged 8.5 and larvae 1.47 

per 100 terminals in 103 fields examined. Eggs were found in 100 of the 
examined fields and larvae in 60. Eggs and small larvae less numerous than 

for past 14 days. (Smith et al.). ARKANSAS - Moths emerged in large numbers, 
eggs being laid on cotton. Egg and larval counts rose sharply in many fields 
scouted. Eggs deposited in terminals, on stems, in and on blooms and square 
bracts. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Infestations averaged 5-15 percent 

in Cotton, Tillman and Grady Counties. (Bryan). TEXAS - Generally light, but 
heavy in several counties in south plains area. (Gaines). NEW MEXICO - 
Moderate infestations in Lea County appeared to be subsiding. Occasional 

light to moderate infestations on cotton, Eddy, Lea and Chaves Counties. 

Damage light in most areas. (N, M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Large numbers of 
moths in all fields examined. Larvae building up in some localities. 

(Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


766 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - MEXICO - In State of Tamaulipas 
inspection of 327 bushels of trash involving 2,501 bales of cotton revealed 
44,061 larvae. Inspection of 82 bushels of gin trash at Victoria was negative. 
Thirty-two lint cleaner inspections involving 104 bales in Matamoros district 
detected 310 larvae. Bloom inspection in the Delicias, Chihuahua, district 
indicated a 2 percent infestation. No appreciable pink bollworm damage 
reported from the Juarez district. Few larvae noted from lint cleaner 
inspections of 2 gins in Monterey, Nuevo Leon. Inspection of 47,370 blooms 

on 950 acres at Caborca, Sonora, was negative. Gin trash inspection was 
terminated in the Culiacan zone of the Sinaloa district, with negative results 
obtained from inspection of 622 bushels of trash. Negative results were also 
obtained from 32 lint cleaner inspections of 3 operating gins. Inspections 
were made of 8,141 braceros and their baggage at the Benjamin Hill railroad 
station, Sonora. Interception of contaminated trucks increased at the 
Mazatlan and Terreros road stations in Sinaloa. (PPC, Mex. Reg., July Rpt.). 
ARIZONA - Specimens taken from a field in southwestern Maricopa County were 
determined positive. Subsequent surveys of other cotton fields in the Gila 
River Valley between Gila Bend and Gillespie Dam disclosed 4 more fields to be 
lightly infested. Gin trash examinations disclosed an infestation in the 
Rainbow Valley. Three fields had been found infested in this area by the 
close of the month. About 4,000 acres of cotton in the Gila River Valley and 
3,500 acres in the Rainbow Valley are involved. (PPC, West. Reg., July Rpt.). 
TEXAS - Bloom, lint cleaner and boll inspections were rather general. 

Although there were some rather heavy spots of infestation in the lower valley, 
the infestation did not appear to be too general. The El Paso infestation 
appeared somewhat higher than in 1957. (PPC, So. Reg., July Rpt.). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - NEW MEXICO - OccaSional larva found in 
cotton fields in Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light 
in west central and northwest areas. (Gaines). 


GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege Similalis) - TENNESSEE - Caused damage in scattered 
fields. (Locke). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Mostly light, but building 
up in spots. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


LOOPERS - ARKANSAS - Trichoplusia ni in some cotton fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
MISSISSIPPI - First report of cabbage loopers in cotton in Stoneville area 

this season. (Merkl et al.). OKALHOMA - Infestations of T. ni low, some 
defoliation in ranker cotton. (Bryan). NEW MEXICO - Light to heavy infestations 
of T. ni damaged cotton in Chaves and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
ARIZONA - Appeared to be controlled by virus in many areas. However, large 
numbers of eggs and moths again present in many fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, 
Sheets). 


COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on some 
cotton in the Blythe area of Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - 
Building up in most areas. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


A CHRYSOMELID BEETLE - NEW MEXICO - Damaged cotton in a few Chaves County 
fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Problem in only 2 Piedmont counties. (Cott. Lett.). 
TENNESSEE - Retarding growth in some fields in western part of State. Most 
infestations in late cotton. (Locke). ALABAMA - Aphis gossypii moderate on 
cotton in northern portion of State. (Grimes). MISSISSIPPI - Light to 
medium and common in untreated fields in delta counties. (Merkl et al.). 
LOUISIANA - Generally light in Madison Parish area as phosphorus insecticides 
are in general use. (Smith et al.). OKLAHOMA - Populations low. (Bryan). 
TEXAS - Increased in south plains area. (Gaines). ARKANSAS - Increased in a 
number of fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


767 


FLEAHOPPERS - TEXAS - Heavy in Briscoe and Cottle Counties. (Gaines). 
OKLAHOMA - Varied 20-30 per 100 terminals. (Bryan). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Nymphs increased rapidly in Burrel-Helm 
area of Fresno County and in some fields in Tulare County. Caused poor set 

of bolls. Nymphs and adults increased in the Arvin-Rosedale-Shafter areas 

of Kern County. (Ruud, Leigh, Beards, Ext. Serv.). ARIZONA - Nymphs and 
adults averaged 2-8 per 100 sweeps in Graham County cotton fields. (Woodruff, 
Aug. 4). Generally decreased, but as many as 10-20 per 100 sweeps taken in 
some fields. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


A PLANT BUG (Largus cinctus) - ARIZONA - Becoming numerous in many Maricopa 
County fields, with 25 per 100 sweeps reported in some fields. (Bottger, 
Kauffman, Sheets). 


STINK BUGS - ARIZONA - Averaged 8-16 per 100 sweeps in Graham County cotton 
fields. (Woodruff, Aug 4). Mostly Chlorochroa sayi averaged up to 4 per 
100 sweeps in some fields in Buckeye area. Remained light in Pima County. 
(Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). NEW MEXICO - Caused minor damage to cotton in 
Lea and Quay Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


WHITEFLIES - ARKANSAS - Present in a number of fields, but caused no appreciable 
damage. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Limited numbers of nymphs in cotton in 
northern areas, decreased over previous week. (Grimes). CALIFORNIA - 

Abundant in many Tulare County fields. Considerable biological control 

noted. (Leigh, Beards, Ext. Serv.). 


SPIDER MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Appeared for first time this season in many 
Piedmont fields. General throughout remainder of State. (Cott. Lett.). 
TENNESSEE - Continued to cause severe damage over cotton growing area of 
State. Control good in most cases, but applied too late to prevent considerable 
damage. Spreading to soybeans in Lake County. Caused complete defoliation 
and boll drop in many cases where heavy. Lighter infestations forcing cotton 
to mature early. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Continued a major pest of cotton in 
northeast area, numerous in several other areas. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 

ALABAMA - Extremely heavy in northern section. One of worst infestations to 
occur in this area. Tetranychus telarius dominant species. (Rawson, Grimes). 
MISSISSIPPI - Light to medium and common in untreated delta county fields. 
(Merkl et al.). OKLAHOMA - Populations low. (Bryan). NEW MEXICO - T. 
cinnabarinus light in Eddy and Chaves Counties, caused light damage to cotton. 
Appeared to be spreading somewhat in Carlsbad and Artesia areas. (N. M. 

Coop. Rpt.). 


768 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - COLORADO - Heavy infestation in mountain 
canyons in Larimer, Boulder, Jefferson, Douglas, El Paso and Fremont Counties. 
Control applied in some areas. (Exp. Sta.). WASHINGTON - Slight damage to 
deciduous trees in Pierce County, appearing much earlier than usual this year. 
(Breakey). OREGON - Very abundant on untreated walnut, apple, filbert and 
fruit trees. (Capizzi). ILLINOIS - Nests common throughout State. (I11. Ins. 
Rpt.). PENNSYLVANIA - Abundant on deciduous trees in Chester County, August 


-13. (Sleesman). 


GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - In NEW YORK, two confirmed catches of male 
moths were reported, one in the town of Putnam Valley, Putnam County, on July 18 
and one in the town of Unionville, Dutchess County, on July 25. Both catches 
are within the areas sprayed in 1957. (PPC, East. Reg., July Rpt.). 


A LEAF TIER (Fascista cercerisella) - OKLAHOMA - Serious infestation on red- 
bud throughout northern portion of State, 30-70 percent of leaves of unprotected 
trees infested. (Howell). 


YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - INDIANA - Colonies very common on 
crab apple, birch and pin oak throughout State. (Schuder). 


A LEAF MINER (Cameraria sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - In residential area 100 percent 
of trees affected on 10-15 acres in Beaufort County. Light injury to chestnut 
oak in Randolph County. (Chesnutt, Farrier). 


BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) - INDIANA - Common in native white birch in 
Pulaski County. (Schuder). 


PINE SAWFLIES - WISCONSIN - Larvae of Neodiprion pinetum feeding on Dane and 
Jefferson County white pine. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). VIRGINIA - Active on scattered 
loblolly and Virginia pines in young plantations and natural growth in Fauquier, 
Albemarle and Spotsylvania Counties. Damage slight through July. (Va. Div. 
FOn=)y. 


IPS BEETLES - TEXAS - Occasional single pines or groups of pines died from Ips 
infestation throughout eastern area. The damage is much less extensive than 
in previous years. (Young). 


TURPENTINE BEETLES - TEXAS - Mortality of saw-timber-size pines continues 
throughout southeastern area particularly in Hardin, Jasper and Liberty Counties. 
(Young). 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Fewer newly infested 
spots with brood trees found in Hardin County than in previous months. All 
known infested spots either had control completed or work is now in progress. 
(Young). VIRGINIA - Active in a single new small spot in King William County. 
Wa. Div. For. , July)’. 


SYCAMORE LACE BUG (Corythucha ciliata) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy on sycamore in Lake 
Wister area of LeFlore County. Moderate-heavy feeding damage. (Coppock). 


SCALE INSECTS - IDAHO - Pulvinaria innumerabilis moderate to severe on maples 
in Twin Falls. (Gibson). CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation of Chionaspis 
quercus on oaks in Yucaipa, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MITES - NEVADA - Heavy infestation of an eriophyid mite on leaves of ash in 
Reno, Washoe County. (Bechtel, Aug. 15). CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of 
Tetranychus pacificus on walnut trees in Red Bluff, Tehama County. (Cal. Coop. 
Rpt») 


769 


A MIDGE (Retinodiplosis sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Reported as seriously damaging 
ponderosa pines in the Mt. Shasta-Brushfield areas by tip killing or deforming 
about 100 acres in a 600-acre stand. (Averell, USFS). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Fully mature larvae 
moving down trunks of elms preparatory to pupation at Twin Falls. (Gibson). 
CALIFORNIA - Defoliating elms. Medium infestation at San Andreas, Calaveras 
County, and light populations at Avenal, Kings County. (Cal) Coope Rpt®)" 
OREGON - Second-generation adults appearing in Willamette Valley week of 
August 17. (Capizzi). OKLAHOMA - Very heavy populations remain on Chinese 
elm in Stillwater area. (Drew). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - Con- 
tinues to be numerous in counties where Dutch elm disease exists. As of 
August 20, a total of 1624 cases of the disease found. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Moderate to heavy on honey- 
locust at Chestertown and on mimosa at Lanham. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
MISSISSIPPI - Light to moderate damage to mimosa trees over State. (Hutchins) . 
PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant and damaging honeylocust in Chester, Lancaster 
and Dauphin Counties. (Sleesman). 


A GALL INSECT (Dasyneura gleditschiae) - OHIO - Galls occur on the new leaves 
of thousands of thornless honeylocust trees in Lake County. (R. B. Neiswander). 


CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - INDIANA Larvae abundant in Pulaski 
and Fulton Counties. Catalpa trees stripped of foliage. (Schuder). ILLINOIS - 
Severely defoliated many catalpa trees in southeast. (111. Ins. Rpt.). é 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - NEW YORK - Very heavy on arborvitae. 


(N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae defoliating cedar tree and rose 
bushes in Lee County. (Farrier). VIRGINIA - Heavy on cedars and arborvitae 


in Roanoke City and in one area of Nansemond County. (Rowell). 


AN AZALEA CATERPILLAR (Datana major) - ALABAMA - Heavy defoliation of azaleas 
in Mobile County. (Lockhart, Seibels). 


APHIDS - COLORADO - Noticeable increase in populations on ornamentals and shade 
trees in Larimer County. Abundance of Myzocallis ulmifolii and other aphids 
in Fort Collins area. (Ext. Serv., Exp. Sta.). 


WHITE-LINED SPHINX (Celerio lineata) - OREGON - Abundant and damaging fuchsia 
in Corvallis. (Krantz). : 


WHITEFLIES - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting ligustrum in East Baton Rouge 
Parish. (Spink). 


UGLY-NEST CATERPILLAR (Archips cerasivorana) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred in heavy 
populations damaging several acres of chokecherries in McCloud area of Siskiyou 
County. (Hall, USFS). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - IDAHO - Abundant in Franklin County with moderate 
infestations of cattle and horses. (Roberts). ALABAMA - Populations high on 
cattle in most areas of State. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Populations appreciably 
higher on dairy cattle in north central area. (Howell). 


770 


FLIES - UTAH - House flies generally numerous in Piute County. (Knowlton). 
WISCONSIN - Heavy fly populations reported from Chippewa, Pepin, Wood, Dane, 
Waukesha and Jackson Counties. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - House fly and 
stable fly populations appreciably higher on dairy cattle in north central 
area. (Howell). 


FLEAS (Ctenocephalides spp.) - RHODE ISLAND - C. felis and C. canis abundant 
and troublesome in East Providence, Smithfield and Cranston. (Mathewson) . 


TICKS - NORTH CAROLINA - Three cases of tick paralysis of dogs in July. 
(Cooperrider). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - MARYLAND - Heavy moth emergence 
noted from large corn crib at Chestertown. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


A FLOUR BEETLE (Gnathocerus maxillosus) - MARYLAND - Apparently this species, 
abundant in refuse oats at mill in Chestertown. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - MARYLAND - Abundant in refuse oats 
in basement of mill in Chestertown. QU. Md Ente Depths 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - MEXICO - Three new infestations of 

ranch properties were discovered, one 8 miles south of Mexicali in Colonia 
Ahumada and two east of Mexicali in Colonia Abasolo, in the State of Baja 
California. A total of 209 properties were inspected, 109 being initial and 

100 being repeat inspections, with a total of 74 specimens submitted for 
identification. Fumigation was completed on 4 properties comprising a total 

of 129,579 cubic feet. (PPC, Mex. Reg., July Rpt.). ARIZONA - Two infestations 
were found in Yuma County, one was new representing an estimated 300,000 cubic 
feet and one was a reinfestation involving 900,000 cubic feet. (PPC, West. 
Reg., July Rpt.). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PARASITES AND PREDATORS - IDAHO - Nabids averaged 1-7 per sweep in red clover 
fields in southwest section of State. Typhlodromus cucumeris effectively 
controlled two-spotted spider mite populations in several Canyon County red 
clover fields. (Waters). ILLINOIS - Averages per 100 sweeps in clover and 
alfalfa fields in northeast and southeast sections respectively were lady 

beetle larvae, O and 10; lady beetle adults, 3 and 8; Neuroptera larvae, 3 and 3; 
and damsel bugs, 54 and 48. (I1l. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Lady beetles averaged 
12-20 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in McClain, Murray and Garvin Counties. Lower 
elsewhere. (Coppock) . 


A WASP (Scolia dubia) - NORTH CAROLINA - Flying over lawns in large numbers 
in Guilford and Alamance Counties. (Hodgin, Coble, Farrier). VIRGINIA - 
Abundant in the Richmond area. (Matheny). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MASSACHUSETTS - Numbers decreasing. 
(Wheeler, Aug. 18). IDAHO - Continued to be nuisance to homeowners in Twin 
Falls area. (Gibson). Abundant in gardens in Preston. (Roberts). 


771 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - INDIANA - Emergence later than usual. 
Population in Newton County area is one-third to one-fourth that of 1957. 
(Gould). MASSACHUSETTS - Still way below normal but most numerous now. 
(Whitcomb, Garland, Aug. 15). ILLINOIS - A new infestation in south Chicago 
may include an area of 9 square miles. A few beetles were trapped in East 

St. Louis and 3 male beetles were found for the first time in East Peoria. 
INDIANA - Beetles were found for the first time in Lafayette, Osceola and 
Huntington. IOWA - At Ft. Madison 4 beetles were trapped north and one west 
of area treated during March, 1958. Late in the month a single beetle was 
caught 2 blocks outside the northeastern part of the treated area. KENTUCKY - 
The center of the Pike County infestation is now believed to be 2 miles west 
of Meta and extending in a 7 or 8-mile radius. MICHIGAN - A single beetle was 
found in Grand Rapids, the first since 1957. In Detroit, 39 beetles were trapped. 
One was trapped at Niles on July 24, the first since 1955. MISSOURI - Beetles 
were caught in the St. Louis area, and 7 locations within the northeastern 
portion of the city are involved. OHIO - The Chillicothe infestation extends 
about 2 miles into rural areas. First infestations were found at Dansville, 
McArthur, Greenfield, Milan and new suburban towns of Cincinnati. The 1957 
Killbuck infestation now extends 10 miles from that city. Beetles have been 
found in several locations along the river from Ironton to the regulated area 
in Gallia County. The above areas are outside the Ohio regulated area. (PPC, 
Cent. Reg., July Rpt.). WEST VIRGINIA - Beetles were trapped in Oak Hill 
heretofore considered non-infested. Beetles were also found outside the regulat- 
ed area by scouting in Monroe, Jackson and Mason Counties, indicating extension 
of infestation in these counties. (PPC, East. Reg., July Rpt.). FLORIDA - 
One adult was trapped at the International Airport at Tampa, Hillsborough County. 
Additional trapping revealed no further specimens by the close of the month. 
In GEORGIA, 1,440 additional acres were found infested in the city of Augusta. 
Beetles were reported for the first time in Aiken and Marlboro Counties, 

SOUTH CAROLINA, and in Surry County, NORTH CAROLINA. TENNESSEE - Trapping was 
intensified after beetles were found in city of Knoxville, and a new infested 
location was found in southern Johnson County. (PPC, So. Reg., July Rpt.). 


A THIEF ANT (Solenopsis sp.) - DELAWARE - Large swarms of males and females 
August 12, New Castle County. (Bray). 


A WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius) - MASSACHUSETTS - Caused annoyance in homes. 
(Wheeler, Aug. 18). 


YELLOW JACKETS - MASSACHUSETTS - Attracting much attention, about 25 reports 
during week. (Whitcomb, Garland, Aug. 15). 


CORRECTION 


CEIR 8(33) : 730 - ARMYWORM light trap collections. are from WISCONSIN. 


772 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. sexta quing. zea vires. 

ALABAMA 

Crossville 8/17 4 4 12 130 
ARKANSAS 

Fayetteville 8/14-20 48 34 6 107 65 

Hope 8/14-20 6 5 2 25 

Kelso 8/14-20 il 9 2 11 33 
FLORIDA 

Gainesville 8/19 6 18 

Monticello 8/13,19 2 4 

Quincy 8/11 46 112 19 
ILLINOIS 

Urbana 8/15-21 128 55 10 101 3 54 
INDIANA (Counties) 

Orange 8/12-19 41 29 10 17 69 59 5 

Tippecanoe 8/14-20 72 35 14 76 5 1 26 
LOUISIANA 

Baton Rouge 8/15-21 7 8 42 1307 aa Us} 
MISSISSIPPI 

Grenada 8/11-16 9 3 1 3} 

Senatobia 8/8-14 3 3 2 

State College 8/16-22 54 82 37 106 137 il 

*Stoneville 8/15-21 "3 opt 30 163 26 143 9 
NEBRASKA 

Alliance 8/4-12 "5 10 204 1 iL iS 2 

Kearney 8/4-7 30 3 38 3 7 32 

Lincoln 8/9-14 102 233 7 69 

North Platte 8/8-14 102 34 112 i) 5 6 44 4 

Scotts Bluff 8/5-18 81 13 274 11 16 
NORTH CAROLINA 

Clayton 8/15-21 53 55 93 16 1 107 5 

Faison 8/15-21 52 28 76 44 5 198 4 
SOUTH CAROLINA 

Charleston 8/18-24 ke, 1 46 144 37 i! 306 2 

Clemson 8/16-22 253 182 151 22 24 20 2 72 

Florence 8/17-23 450 120 1416 28 554 340 8 5192 174 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Blount 8/12-18 40 124 200 8 20 12 116 

Cumberland 8/12-18 52 26 10 12 LS 40 16 

Greene 8/12-18 96 52 100 20 40 88 32 

Johnson 8/12-18 284 144 258 112 6 2 28 

Maury 8/12-18 62 42 62 2 12 42 20 

Robertson 8/12-18 ie 96 78 6 3 20 78 
TEXAS 

Waco 8/16-22 54 50 61 1556 7 
VIRGINIA(County) 

Pittsylvania 8/10-16 88 198 


*Four traps - Stoneville 


773 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - WISCONSIN - 8/12-19; ~*Arlington - 1; 
Astico - 1; Janesville - 7; LaCrosse - 2; Middleton - 1; Platteville - 1; 
Ripon - 2; Rosendale - 10. 


WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - NEBRASKA - Alliance (8/4-12) - 117,844; 
Kearney (874-7) - 158; Lincoln (8/9-14) - 7,164; North Platte (8/8-14) - 1,589; 
Scotts Bluff (8/5-18) - 1,233. 


*Two traps - Arlington 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


MICHIGAN - RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER appearing in Coloma area, however third-instar 
larvae constitute bulk of population. CODLING MOTH adults of summer brood 
emerged in Beulah-Traverse City area August 8. PLUM CURCULIO adults emerged 

in Benton Harbor, South Haven and Grand Rapids. EUROPEAN RED MITE increased 
until August 20 in area from Benton Harbor to Grand Rapids. (Hutson). 


NEW YORK - CORN EARWORM and EUROPEAN CORN BORER injury in Hudson Valley corn 
comparatively low. Hatching of second-brood European corn borer increased 

and corn earworm hatched in substantial numbers. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER 
activity increased in Orleans County, second brood appeared generally in 

Monroe County. EUROPEAN RED MITE remained active in Orleans County, continued 
troublesome in Monroe County. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE appeared in several areas 
of the same county. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). : 


OKLAHOMA - SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID light generally in central and eastern areas. 
Averaged 300-400 per 10 sweeps in one Murray County alfalfa field. (Walton, 
Coppock). Range populations of GRASSHOPPERS generally light, 1-6 per square 
yard, in south central and eastern counties. Light to moderate, 2-12 per 
Square yard, along roadsides and field margins in same areas. Scattered 
marginal damage occurred to cotton, sorghums, soybeans and alfalfa. Melanoplus 
spp. ranged 2-10 per square yard. Caused appreciable damage to seed heads 

of switchgrass in Tillman County. (Bryan). CORN EARWORM increased in Garvin 
and Murray County alfalfa, with 4-10 per 10 sweeps. Most larvae in early 
instars. Light to moderate damage occurred to grain sorghum heads in 
scattered areas of southern counties. (Coppock). Averaged 20-30 per 100 
terminals in peanuts in Payne and Caddo Counties. (Walton, Arbuthnot). 
SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER averaged 2 second-generation larvae per stalk of field 
corn in Payne, Caddo and Oklahoma Counties. CORN LEAF APHID populations very 
low. FALL ARMYWORM light, 1-2 per stalk. EUROPEAN CORN BORER very low, 

but increased over 1957. (Walton, Arbuthnot). WEBWORMS light, scattered in 
alfalfa in southern and eastern counties. RAPID PLANT BUG averaged 3-5 

per 10 sweeps in McClain County alfalfa. THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER 
abundant in most alfalfa fields throughout State, 5-30 per 10 sweeps. (Coppock). 
RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM averaged 20 per 100 terminals in Payne and Caddo County 
peanuts. (Walton, Arbuthnot). 


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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 September 5, 1958 Number 36 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER infestations high in South Dakota and Kansas. Egg mass 
counts high in southeast Missouri. (p. 777). CORN EARWORM in damaging num- 
bers in parts of Alabama. Infestation increased over 1957 in mid-Willamette 
Valley, Oregon. (p. 778). FALL ARMYWORM damaging in some eastern states. 
Ge sw78) 


HESSIAN FLY surveys in Nebraska and Missouri. (p. 779). 


PEA APHID increased in Maryland and Delaware alfalfa, abundant in northern 
Nevada and counts high in areas of Colorado. (p. 780). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID 
counts high in Mesa County, Colorado. (p. 780). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH damage noted for first time in Willamette Valley, Oregon. 
(p. 782). BLACK PECAN APHID heavy on pecans throughout Louisiana, found for 
first time in California. (p. 782). 


BEET ARMYWORM heavy on peas in California, damaging in Oregon and severe on 
sugar beets in Arizona. (p. 783). A WEEVIL new to Delaware. (p. 784). 


BOLL WEEVIL infestations increasing in several southern states, migrations 
underway. (p. 784). BOLLWORM populations and damage increasing in several 
cotton-growing states. (p. 785). SPIDER MITE infestations spread in North 
Carolina, continue serious in Tennessee and Alabama. 


A SAWFLY infesting 20,000 acres of pine in Florida. (p. 786). MIMOSA WEBWORM 
collected for first time in Florida. (p. 789). 


CAT FLEAS prevalent in many California localities and more abundant than usual 
in Oregon. (p. 790). 


Distribution of a JAPANESE WEEVIL. This map replaces one issued in CEIR 
8(20) : 391. Record for WASHINGTON was in error. (p. 787). 


FOI IOIOIICI ICI I IOI i I ak ak ai ak ak ak 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending August 29, unless otherwise 
designated. 


776 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
SEPTEMBER 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for September calls for temperatures to 
average below seasonal normals in the Great Lakes Region and also in the 

Middle and Lower Mississippi Valley. Above normal temperatures are predicted 
from the Southern and Central Plains westward to the Pacific Coast, with warmest 
weather in the Southwest. In the remainder of the country temperatures should 
average near normal. Rainfall is expected to exceed normal in the Great Lakes 
Region and in the Southeast. Subnormal amounts are anticipated in the western 
half of the nation except near normal in the Pacific Northwest. In areas not 
specified about average amounts are indicated. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day ''Resume and Outlook", 
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through 
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 

a half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 1, 1958 


Hurricanes highlighted the week's weather news. Daisy, about 280 miles east 

of Melbourne, Florida, at 5 a.m., August 26, pursued a northerly off-shore 
course with her center passing less than 100 miles off the southeastern 
Massachusetts Coast as she curved out over the Atlantic during the forenoon 

of the 29th. Daisy produced 3.48 inches of rain in 24 hours and wind gusts 

up to 55 miles per hour on Nantucket Island. Ella, a tropical storm in the 
northeastern Carribean, on August 30, had become a hurricane by noon of the 

3lst when centered about 200 miles southeast of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Ella 

lost hurricane intensity in the vicinity of Cuba on September 2 and was expected 
to cross the western end of that island in a northwesterly course on the 3rd. 


West of the Continental Divide the week's weather was mostly fair with slightly 
above normal temperatures. In Washington and Oregon east of the Cascades, 
maximum temperatures ranged from the middle 90's to well over 100 degrees 
early in the week. The hot, dry weather maintained a high forest-fire hazard. 
Oregon reported scores of fires with three reaching significant proportions 
before being brought under control. Two-inch hail was reported near Sandpoint, 
Idaho, on the 29th and a severe hail storm was reported to have destroyed 7 
square miles of crop, mostly grain and alfalfa, in west central Wyoming. 

East of the Divide mostly sunny weather and near normal temperatures were 
favorable for crop maturity. Rainfall exceeding an inch was limited mostly 

to sections along the Gulf and Atlantic Coast and upper portions of the 
Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes Region. Little or no rain fell in the 

lower Great Plains or the Ohio and lower Mississippi Valleys. Moisture is 
needed in some sections of the western and northern Great Plains where last 
week's showers that did occur were very light. 


During a cold snap in northern areas at the beginning of the week, temperatures 
fell to freezing locally in lowland areas of Wisconsin but caused only a few 
losses. A cold spell occurred in the Northeast again at the end of the period, 
and September began at many stations in the Great Lakes Region with maximum 
temperatures in the 50's and 60's and minima in the 30's and 40's. Several 

hail storms occurred in Minnesota during the week, one in Pemberton and vicinity 
on the 29th damaging crops and windows to the extent of $50,000. Hail storms 
were also reported in Buffalo and Elmira, New York, on August 31. (Summary 
supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


777 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - DELAWARE - Melanoplus femur-rubrum common in central Kent County 
alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). LOUISIANA - Conocephalus fasciatus averaged 
200-300 per 100 sweeps in rice fields, Vermilion Parish. (Spink). WISCONSIN - 
Development slowed considerably by cool weather. Nymphs of M. femur-rubrum 
expected to mature and adults to continue to feed on forage. Egg laying not 
noted, but should begin soon where adult numbers are very high in Waupaca and 
Portage Counties and other lighter soil areas. Large numbers of second and 
third-instar nymphs, few adults in Wood County. Grasshopper numbers quite 
high in Juneau and Adams Counties. Less than 10 per square yard in eastern 
and southern counties, higher in few scattered fields. In western Dane County 
M. bilituratus and M. differentialis adults comprised minor portion of popu- 
lation. Based on observations thus far, incidence of parasitic nematodes 
appeared somewhat less than in 1957. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Adult 
survey completed and indicates trend of westward movement. Infested areas 

are generally southwestern two-thirds of State with heaviest populations along 
southern edge, bordered on north by North Platte River. Much of this area 
fell under influence of migratory flights of M. bilituratus from mid-June to 
mid-July and will be kept under observation for development of second genera- 
tion which is now hatching. Peak now passed and infestation on decline. 
Dominant cropland species were M. differentialis, M. bivittatus, M. foedus, 

M. femur-rubrum and Aeoloplides turnbulli. Dominant rangeland species were 
Ageneotettix deorum, Trachyrhachis kiowa, Aulocara elliotti, Melanoplus 
bilituratus, M. foedus, M. occidentalis and M. ang M. angustipennis. (Bell). 


KANSAS - Non-economic to light infestations found during Summer adult survey 
in 7 east central and 7 northeast counties. M. femur-rubrum dominant, with 
few M. differentialis and M. bilituratus. Latter species mostly third and 
fourth-instar nymphs. Evidence of earlier fungus disease noticeable in most 
fields. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Numbers light, however heavier than in 1957 
in northeastern and east central counties. Averaged 4-10 per square yard 
along roadsides and margins, 2-6 on range. (Coppock). UTAH - Egg laying 
continued in scattered localities. Trimerotropis pallidipennis population 
decreased in Washington, Iron and Kane Counties. (Knowlton). OREGON - 
Populations, predominantly Melanoplus spp., lower in Willamette Valley than 
in several years. From survey reports of USDA personnel, this condition of 
reduced grasshopper populations exists throughout Oregon. (Every). CALIFORNIA - 
Dissosteira spurcata medium on dry pastures in Montpelier area, Stanislaus 
County. M. devastator medium in dry mountain pastures in Copperopolis area, 
Calaveras County. Schistocerca sp. heavy on brush in Julian area, San Diego 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt. 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW JERSEY - Second-brood larvae 
quite active but not generally heavy. Late plantings of field corn damaged. 
Some young larvae entering tips of ears. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - 
Third and fourth-instar larvae very common in field corn ears, Kent and Sussex 
Counties. Egg laying continued, decrease noted. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
MARYLAND - Larvae caused light to moderate damage to ears and stalks of sweet 
corn on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). WISCONSIN - Second-brood moth 
flight continued. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation averaged 

76 percent in southeast district with 288 larvae per 100 plants. Second-brood 
larvae in first and second instars. In south central district averaged 54 
percent infestation with 130 larvae per 100 plants. Eggs of second brood 
noted, fifth-instar larvae predominant. (Hantsbarger, Klix). KANSAS - Larvae 
found in nearly all corn fields examined in 7 east central and 7 northeast 
counties. Stalk infestation ranged 4-100 percent. Infestations of second-brood 
larvae only, ranged 0-60 percent of stalks. Larvae per infested stalk ranged 
1-11. Larvae found inside stalks in several grain sorghum fields in east 
central area. (Matthew). MISSOURI - Egg mass counts ranged 20-200 per 
100 stalks with approximately 55-60 percent of second-brood larvae pupated or 
emerged in southeast area. Egg laying completed in central area. (Peters, 
Jackson, Munson). ARKANSAS - Populations on corn variable throughout State. 


778 


Heavy in field of grain sorghum in Phillips County, with 25 percent of heads 
broken over. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW JERSEY - Moth flights not heavy at trap 
locations in Burlington County. Heaviest flights of season occurred first 

2 weeks of August. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). DELAWARE - Small larvae common in 
field corn ears in Kent County, decreased in Sussex County. Small larvae in 
Sussex County alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Increased in ears 

of sweet and field corn in all sections. Expected to be severe in late corn. 
Light on soybean pods in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH 
CAROLINA - Caused light damage to peanuts in Pender County. (Scott, Farrier). 
Up to 7 percent of whorls of field corn damaged in Iredell County in 1958, 
being heaviest damage in recent years. (Franklin). ALABAMA - Damaging num- 
bers present in grain sorghum in central and northern parts of State. (Hays). 
WISCONSIN - Moth flight increased in spite of cool weather. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
ARKANSAS - Larvae averaged 0-2 per head in grain sorghum in Jackson, northern 
Mississippi and Poinsett County fields checked. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - 
Larvae ranged 0-60 per 100 heads of grain sorghums in south central and south- 
east areas. (Kyd, Thomas). KANSAS - Found in most grain sorghum fields 
examined. Infestation ranged 0-80 percent, with 1-3 larvae per infested head. 
Control ruled out in nearly all examined fields because of size of feeding 
larvae and advanced maturity of grain. (Matthew). TEXAS - Very light on 
grain sorghum in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). Damage to peanuts 
lessening. (Harding). WYOMING - Trace of damage observed in several corn 
fields near Torrington, Goshen County. Damage so scattered no estimate of 
population was possible. (Davison). COLORADO - Averaged 3-5 larvae per 10 
ears of corn in Adams, Weld and Larimer Counties, 5-10 in Prowers, Bent, Otero 
and Pueblo Counties. (Ext. Serv.). IDAHO - Heavy in garden sweet corn in 
Bingham County. Infestation 100 percent in several plantings in vicinity of 
Aberdeen, many with 2 larvae per ear. Mostly third and fourth-instar larvae. 
(Bishop). OREGON - Infestation increased over 1957 in mid-Willamette Valley. 
Losses as high as 7 percent ear weight on graded samples. (Every). CALIFORNIA - 
Heavy in corn fields in Walnut Grove area, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NEW JERSEY - Moths numerous, but few larvae. 
Some recent damage to field corn in southern part of State. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - NEW JERSEY - Moths and larvae increased 
in numbers. Damaged late plantings of field corn. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 
DELAWARE - Caused heavy damage to late field corn in New Castle County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Continued to cause damage to corn. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). ALABAMA - Caused considerable damage to grain sorghum in 
central and northern parts of State. (Hays). LOUSIANA - Heavy on corn 

in northern parishes. Young corn 100 percent infested. (Spink). ARKANSAS - 
Larvae averaged 1-2 per plant on young corn in northern Mississippi County. 
(Ark. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - No larvae found in sorghum heads in any east 
central and northeastern counties. (Matthew). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Averaged 50-150 larvae per 10 
heads of grain sorghum in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). Light 

to medium on late maize in Milan County. (Hawkins). INDIANA - Infesting 50 
percent of heads of grain sorghum in Pike County. (Osmun). MISSOURI - Larvae 
averaged 0-2 per head of grain sorghums over south central and southeast areas. 
Infestations much lower than at same time in 1957. (Kyd, Thomas). ARKANSAS - 
Larvae averaged 0-5 per head in grain sorghum in northeastern part of State. 
Larvae found on Johnson grass in northern Mississippi County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
ALABAMA - Heavy in fields of grain sorghum in northern part of State, with 
12-15 larvae per head noted. (Grimes, Hays). 


779 


SOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - INDIANA - Common 
in flowering heads of grain sorghum in breeding nurseries in Tippecanoe County. 
(Osmun) . 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - NEW MEXICO - Caused severe 
damage to corn in Luna County fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Caused 
considerable damage to corn in Webster, Claiborne and Caddo Parishes. (Spink). 
ARKANSAS - Moths continued to lay eggs north of Arkansas River Valley. Eggs 
hatched in many fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


A WEEVIL (Centrinaspis penicellus) - INDIANA - Abundant in opening tassels of 
late-planted field corn in Vanderburgh County. (Osmun). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs averaged 14 per 100 
sweeps in southeast and south central alfalfa fields. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 
NEW MEXICO - Heavy, caused damage to grain sorghum at Deming, Luna County, 
and near Rodeo, Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Mostly adults, 
extremely abundant in many parts of State on range, field margins and gardens. 
Damage to economic crops generally light to moderate. (Knowlton). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OHIO - Infestation on field corn 
subsided without damage to crop. (Neiswander). WISCONSIN - Populations 
continued high, but comparatively little flight activity indicated by trapping 
at Madison. In Columbia County, colonies in field corn appeared to be build- 
ing up, but parasite populations seemed to be high. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
MARYLAND - Numbers diminished, particularly in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Swarms caused up to 100$ 
percent damage to sorghum in Stillwater area. (Wood). 


SPIDER MITES - COLORADO - Tetranychus telarius increased on corn in some areas 
of Weld, Adams and Larimer Counties. (Exp. Sta.). MARYLAND - Two moderate 
infestations noted on soybeans at Princess Anne. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - 
Damaged fields of corn in many parts of State. Damage often severe. (Knowlton). 


APHIDS - IDAHO - Heavy in young barley fields recently taken out of sagebrush 
near Bruno. Necessitated controls for third time this season. (Waters). 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NEBRASKA - Survey showed percent stem 
infestation per 50-stem sample of wheat ranged 1.8-5.6 in western section, 
4.7-18.6 in southwest, 2-8 in south central (Jones), 3.8-13 in southeast, 
0.3-5.3 in east and central Platte Valley and 0-4 in Loup Valley. (Andersen). 
OREGON - Incidence low. Slight amount of early season damage to winter wheat 
in Polk, Marion and Yamhill Counties. (Every). MISSOURI - Summer stubble 
survey showed State average of 2.6 percent of stems infested in 58 counties 
surveyed. Averages of 5 stops in a county showed a range of O0-17.2 percent. 
(Kyd, Thomas). 


STINK BUGS - ARKANSAS - Averaged 21 per 10 sweeps on rice in Poinsett County. 
(Ark. Ins. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Oebalus pugnax averaged 35-90 per 100 sweeps 
in Vermilion Parish rice fields. (Spink) . 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEW MEXICO - Light, about 
one per sweep, in most alfalfa fields in southern counties. Adults abundant. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Adults numerous in Sweetwater County alfalfa 
fields. No damage observed. (Davison). DELAWARE - Remained very common in 
certain alfalfa fields throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege similalis) - DELAWARE - Fairly common in alfalfa in 
various Sussex and New Castle County fields. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


780 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - NEW JERSEY - Numerous in some alfalfa 
fields. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). NORTH CAROLINA - Caused light to moderate damage 
to 7,000 acres of soybeans in Pender County. (Scott, Farrier). DELAWARE - 
Decreased considerably on soybeans throughout State. Averaged one per 10 
sweeps in alfalfa in all areas, with 8 per 10 sweeps in one Kent County field. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Numbers continued to decrease on soybeans on 
Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Larvae averaged 0.5-1 per 
sweep of alfalfa in south central and southeast areas and 1-4 per linear foot 
of row on soybeans in extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - DELAWARE - Feeding lightly on soy- 
beans in parts of Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - COLORADO - Caused considerable 
damage to alfalfa in southeastern Weld County. Averaged 70 per 100 sweeps. 
(Exp. Sta). 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - LOUISIANA - Heavy but spotty 
in soybeans in St. Landry Parish. (Spink). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WYOMING - Adults and larvae observed in 
alfalfa in northern Sweetwater County, but not in sufficient numbers to obtain 
estimate of infestation. (Davison). DELAWARE -- Adults averaged 2 per 10 
sweeps in alfalfa in Kent and Sussex Counties, 5 per 10 sweeps in one New 
Castle County field. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - KANSAS - Found in all soybean fields 
examined in 5 east central counties. Ranged 6-90 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). § 
NORTH CAROLINA - Caused light to moderate injury on over 7,000 acres of soy- 
beans in Pender County. (Scott, Farrier). MARYLAND - Heavy on young soybeans 
at Princess Anne. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSOURI - Counts ranged 2-6 adults 
per linear foot of row in soybeans in extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Light to moderate on 
soybeans in northern part of State. (Hays). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - MARYLAND - Increased on alfalfa, averaged 12 
per sweep in Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Increased 

in most alfalfa fields throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MISSOURI - 
Ranged 5-60 per sweep in alfalfa in south central area. Only occasional aphid 
found on alfalfa in extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). UTAH - Control 
necessary in alfalfa for seed at Woodside and in parts of Uintah Basin. 
(Knowlton). NEVADA - Abundant, spotted infestations in northern counties. 
(Parker, et al., Aug. 22). COLORADO - Averaged 100-300 per 100 stfveeps in 
alfalfa in Weld, Adams and Larimer Counties; 500-1000 in Mesa County; 50-100 
in Montrose, 50-200 in Delta and 50-300 in Garfield Counties. (Exp. Sta.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - MISSOURI - Ranged from less 
than one to 135 per sweep in alfalfa in south central area. None found in 
extreme southeast area. (Kyd, Thomas). OKLAHOMA - Remained light in east 
central and northeastern counties, generally averaged less than 30 per 10 
sweeps. (Coppock). KANSAS - None found in alfalfa fields surveyed in 7 east 
central counties and 7 northeast counties. (Matthew). COLORADO - Averaged 
40-100 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Adams and Weld Counties, 10-30 in Delta, 
Montrose and Garfield Counties. Heavy in Mesa County, 3,000 per 100 sweeps. 
(Exp. Sta.). NEVADA - Averaged 2 per sweep in Diamond Valley, Eureka County. 
(Parker, Aug. 22). Continued to increase in Clark and Nye Counties. 
(Lauderdale, Zoller, Aug. 22). UTAH - Present in several counties but controls 
necessary only in Washington and Millard Counties. Large winged populations 
in some fields appear to be migrating. Caused moderate damage to alfalfa at 
Blanding, San Juan County, and at Moab, Grand County. Present in Emery County. 
(Knowlton). 


781 


LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - ALABAMA - Moderate on soybeans in 
northern part of State. (Grimes, Hays). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 135 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa 
in south central and southeast districts. (Hantsbarger, Klix). UTAH - Caused 
severe damage to some alfalfa seed fields in Uintah and Duchesne Counties, 
where control was delayed. (Knowlton). 


CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Numerous in 
alfalfa fields in southeast and south central districts. Averaged 148 per 100 
sweeps. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEW JERSEY - Up to 8 per sweep in alfalfa, 
with most fields having 1-4. Growth apparently not impaired, no typical 
yellowing symptoms reported. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). MARYLAND - Generally light 
on alfalfa in Frederick County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS - Found in 
nearly all alfalfa fields surveyed. Ranged 5-65 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged 
2-3 per sweep in alfalfa fields in Dona Ana, Luna and Grant Counties. (N. M. 

Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Averaged 45 per 5 sweeps in untreated alfalfa test plots 
in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). LOUISIANA - Caused some damage 

to soybeans in St. Landry Parish. (Spink). 


LEAFHOPPERS - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused moderate damage to peanuts, Pender 
County. (Scott). 


LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - TEXAS - Infestation in 
Frio County peanuts averaged 28.2 percent. (Harding). 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - TEXAS - Averaged one larva per 
20 peanut plants in Frio County. (Harding). 


THRIPS - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused up to 5 percent leaf injury per plant in 
peanuts in Pender County. (Scott). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - NEW JERSEY - Some difficulty encountered 
in control in Bergen County lawns. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


A CHINCH BUG - SOUTH CAROLINA - Unusually numerous in St. Augustine grass 
lawns from Columbia and Aiken to Charleston and along the coast. (Nettles). 
LOUISIANA - Continued to be a problem on St. Augustine grass in southern part 
of State. (Spink). 


CICADA KILLER WASPS - NEW JERSEY - Caused considerable damage to lawns in 
some areas. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


A CRAMBID (Ommatopteryx texana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in fields infested with 
Johnson grass in Grangeville area of Kings County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - UTAH - Damaged quite a few lawns in Salt Lake- 
Murray area, Salt Lake County, at Price, Carbon County, and at St. George, 
Washington County. (Knowlton). 


782 


FRUIT INSECTS 


ORCHARD MITES - OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation on apple trees one location in 
Garvin County. (Meharg). OHIO - Populations of Panonychus ulmi declining. 
(Cutright). LOUISIANA - Eotetranychus hicoriae heavily infesting pecan trees 
generally. (Spink). OREGON - Tetranychus telarius building up to large 
numbers in stone fruits in Willamette Valley. (Morrison,Jones). UTAH - Damage 
conspicuous on apples, pears and sometimes to plums and prunes in several 
counties. Tetranychus mcdanieli serious many orchards in Weber County. 
Bryobia praetiosa complex less common than for several years in orchard areas. 
(Knowlton) . 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - OHIO - Infestation remains low in 
commercial orchards. A few second brood still emerging. (Cutright). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - OHIO - Increases in damage 
by late second-brood larvae in some orchards. (Cutright) 


FRUIT TREE LEAFROLLER (Archips argyrospila) - CALIFORNIA - Light, general 
infestation on pear trees in El Dorado County. Some loss of fruit due to 
scarring. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - OREGON - Populations increased in 
known-infested orchards in Salem area. Fruit damage noted for first time since 
insect was first discovered in the Willamette Valley in 1956. (Larson). 


GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - MISSISSIPPI - Moderate to heavy on 
grapes in Aberdeen area. (Hutchins). 


PECAN NUT CASEBEARER (Acrobasis caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy damage to pecans 
resulted from first, second and third generation larval feeding in Okemah- 
Okmulgee area. Occasional third-generation larvae and pupae noted week 
ending August 30. Damage by third-generation larvae approximated at 5 
percent. (Coppock). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - ALABAMA - New generation appearing on pecan 
trees in central and northern areas, apparently heaviest infestation of year. 
(Grimes). 


STINK BUGS - OKLAHOMA - Considerable damage to improved pecan varieties in 
central and east central areas. (Coppock). 


BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred on pecan 
trees in Highland area of San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting 
pecans throughout State. (Spink). CALIFORNIA - Infested pecan trees in 
Riverside, Riverside County. This is first known infestation in State. 
(Dickson). 


PECAN WEEVIL (Curculio caryae) - OKLAHOMA - Light emergence in Okemah area 
at present. (Coppock) . 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Very light infestation 
on walnuts in Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CITRUS RED MITE (Panonychus citri) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging satsuma orange 
trees in Ocean Springs. (Hutchins). 


AN APHID - MISSISSIPPI - Attacking satsuma orange trees in Ocean Springs 
area. Species probably Aphis gossypii. (Hutchins). 


783 


BARNACLE SCALE (Ceroplastes cirripediformis) - LOUISIANA - Infesting citrus 
in greater New Orleans area. Spink). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Medium to heavy infestations 
on young lettuce in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - 
Numerous on cabbage being harvested, up to 8 per plant, and on young 
cauliflower, 2-5 per plant, in Orange County. (Campbell). DELAWARE - 
Prevalent on potatoes and common on broccoli in New Castle County. Generally 
common on peppers throughout State, but decreased greatly on tomatoes. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) - ALABAMA - Moderate infestations on 
turnips in Lee and Tallapoosa Counties. (Grimes). 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - OREGON - Moderate, general populations 
of adults and nymphs in broccoli and cauliflower plantings in Woodburn, 
Gresham and Hillsboro. (Hanna). ¥ 


HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - CALIFORNIA - More numerous and 
widespread than for many years around farming areas in Orange and Los Angeles 
Counties. No economic damage observed. (Campbell). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations on peas 
and light on potatoes in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County, medium 
infestation of tomatoes in Spring Valley of San Diego County, and light on 
beans in San Jose area of Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 

OREGON - Damaging numbers appearing on several crops in localized areas 
from northern Willamette Valley to Medford. (Every, Capizzi). ARIZONA - 
Severe infestations some sugar beet seed fields in Phoenix area. Another 
larva, probably Loxostege sticticalis, also present. (Bibby). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - WISCONSIN - "Hopperburn" to unsprayed 
potatoes becoming more pronounced. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation 
of potato plantings in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - COLORADO - Causing considerable 
damage to potato foliage in Weld County; 5 to 10 larvae per plant. (Exp. Sta.). 


TUBER FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix tuberis) - COLORADO - Increasing in Montrose 
County; 200 to 300 per 100 sweeps. (Exp. Sta.). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - IDAHO - Populations in 
Teton County decreased; anticipated treatments not necessary. (Bishop). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Damaging chili and tomatoes near 
Hatch, Dona Ana County and Deming, Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 

DELAWARE - Very common on tomatoes in State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - 
Eggs heavy on pepper foliage at St. Martins. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). UTAH - 
Damaging tomatoes and potatoes in Emery County. (Knowlton). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - IDAHO - All potato seed fields examined 
in Caribou County infested. Maximum populations average 2 per leaf. Light 
infestations in Teton County. (Bishop). MARYLAND - Heavy on peppers some 
fields in northern Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). a 


784 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Adults very common in 
pepper fields in Sussex and Kent Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - 
Light to moderate in pepper fruits in Worcester County. No increase noted 
in past two weeks. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthomonus eugenii) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation in bell 
peppers at San Juan Capistrano in Orange County. Moderate infestations on 
chili peppers in San Luis Rey Valley near Oceanside and Serious infestation 
which caused heavy pod loss found near Pala in San Diego County. (Cambell). 


A WEEVIL (Anacentrinus deplanatus) - DELAWARE - Collected for first time in 
State at Millsboro July 29 on peppers. Det. R. E. Warner. (Raine et al.). 


LIMA-BEAN POD BORER (Etiella zinckenella) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation in 
200 acres of beans near El Toro Marine Base in Orange County. (Campbell). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - NEW JERSEY - More numerous on beans 
that for several years in central area. (Ins. Dis. Newsl.). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - UTAH - Some bean plantings 
severely damaged in Carbon and Emery Counties. (Knowlton). WYOMING - Continues 
to damage beans in Goshen County. (Davison). ALABAMA - Infesting beans and 
field peas in central area. (Ruffin). DELAWARE - Very heavy damage to lima 
beans in southeastern Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


COWPEA CURCULIO (Chalcodermus aeneus} - LOUISIANA - Heavy on cowpeas in 
Webster Parish. (Spink). 


CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation of beans 
in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). DELAWARE - 
Prevalent in carrot field in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


SWEETPOTATO LEAF ROLLER (Pilocrocis tripunctata) - LOUISIANA - Heavily infesting 
sweetpotato foliage in St. Landry Parish. (Spink). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OREGON - Building up to large 
numbers in hops in Willamette Valley. (Morrison ,Jones). 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - WISCONSIN - Attack on tobacco in Dane County 
appeared somewhat later than usual this year. Not more than 5 to 10 percent 
of plants involved most fields. Harvest has begun. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Causing considerable 

damage to unprotected cotton generally. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Infestations 
general in western area with heavy migration to late cotton. Third-generation 
weevils continue to hatch with overlapping of first, second and third 
generations. (Locke). ALABAMA - Infestations increasing all areas of State. 
Infestations ranged 40 to 50 percent in northern area with evidence of 

migration in area. Migration continues in central area. (Grimes). 

ARKANSAS - Cotton is "cutting out" in many areas of State. Migration has 

begun. Buildups beginning in Poinsett and Mississippi Counties. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.) 
OKLAHOMA - Increasing in irrigated cotton in southwest; commonly exceeding 


785 


25 percent infested squares. Light numbers in upland cotton. (Bryan). 
MISSOURI - Percent punctured squares ranged from 1-62 in 243 fields of 699 
scouted. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Infestation generally low in delta 
counties. Some fields in eastern part of delta have high infestations. Local 
migration common in fields where infestations have been high. (Merk et al.). 
LOUISIANA - Average percent infestation was 32.4 in Avoyelles Parish, 12 to 
17.4 in Ouachita Parish, 33.9 in Richland Parish, 11 in Tensas Parish, 

32 in Franklin Parish, 8 in East Carroll Parish, 16.6 in Morehouse Parish, 
14.7 in Grant Parish and 15.6 in Rapides Parish. (Spink). Average infestation 
14 percent in Madison Parish. (Smith et al.). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Populations and damage 
increasing in Piedmont counties. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Large larvae 
present most cotton fields in western area, considerable damage being caused 
to large bolls. (Locke). ALABAMA - Infestations increased considerably in 
northern area. In Madison County, several fields with 50-75 percent of 
terminals damaged by young larvae. Eggs prevalent in area. (Grimes). 

ARKANSAS - Moths are emerging in large numbers and eggs are being laid over 
entire cotton plant. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Untreated fields in 
southwestern area generally average approximately 3 percent infested bolls. 
(Bryan). MISSOURI - Of 699 fields scouted, 609 infested with from 1-30 eggs 
and 1-15 larvae per 100 plants. Control being applied several counties. 

(Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Extremely heavy egg deposition common in delta 
counties. Small larvae appearing some fields. Many fields require treatment. 
(Merkl et al.). LOUISIANA - Percent infestation averaged 3.8 in Avoyelles 
Parish, 2.0 to 2.6 in Ouachita Parish, 6.1 in Richland Parish, 3.0 in 

Tensas Parish, 2.0 in Franklin and East Carroll Parishes, 3.4 in Morehouse 
Parish, 5.3 in Grant Parish and 8.1 in Rapides Parish. Figures represent 
eggs rather than larvae in most instances. (Spink). Average square infestation 
7 percent in Madison Parish. Light boll damage most fields and severe in few 
fields. (Smith et al.). NEW MEXICO - Under control most cotton-growing areas, 
except some fields near Cotton City and Rodeo in Hidalgo County where at 

least half of all squares and bolls destroyed. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 

ARIZONA - Sufficient numbers some fields to require control. (Bottger, Kauffman, 
Sheets). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - Populations in southwestern and 
central fields generally lower than during past two years. (Bryan). 

NEW MEXICO - Several heavy infestations in Luna County; most larvae diseased. 
Generally light to moderate other areas. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ARIZONA - 
Larval populations low; eggs numerous. Apparently virus preventing any 
serious -buildups. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). CALIFORNIA - Declining many 
fields in Kern County. Large numbers being destroyed by a virus disease. 
(Leigh, Beards). 


COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Populations 
generally light, some fields heavily infested. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


LEAFWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Lighter than for several years throughout State. 
(Bryan). 


A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestation in cotton 
in Riner area of Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - ARIZONA - Some heavy infestations 
in Pinal County. Light infestations present throughout Salt River and Santa 
Cruz Valleys. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


786 


SPIDER MITES - SOUTH CAROLINA - Infestations spreading in many Piedmont area 
cotton fields. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Continue’ serious over western 
area. Nearly all fields infested. (Locke). ALABAMA - Continue. to cause 
serious damage in northern area. Several fields with as much as two-thirds 
of foliage destroyed. Tetranychus spp. prevalent Species. (Grimes) . 
ARKANSAS - Populations declining. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSOURI - Infestations 
ranged from light to heavy in 515 fields of 699 scouted. Some severe 
defoliation occurring in occasional fields. Numbers of mites and eggs 
declined sharply during week. (Kyd, Thomas). MISSISSIPPI - Spotty light 
infestations widely scattered over delta counties. (Merkl et al.). 

NEVADA - Light infestation on borders of cotton fields in Pahrump Valley, 
Nye County. (Zoller, Aug. 22). 


APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Aphis gossypii generally light most southern counties, 
spotty heavy infestations. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light in south- 
western counties. (Bryan). TENNESSEE - Becoming heavy in succulent cotton 

in western area. Damage being confused with spider mite injury. Infestations 
heavy enough to warrant control if buildup continues. (Locke). ALABAMA - 

A. gossypii building up in many fields. (Grimes). ARKANSAS - Building up 

in most cotton fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MISSISSIPPI - Spotty light 
infestations widely scattered over delta counties. (Merk et al.). 


LYGUS AND STINK BUGS - NEVADA - Moderate on cotton in Pahrump Valley, Nye 
County. (Zoller, Aug. 22). CALIFORNIA - Nymphs and adults of Lygus spp. 
numerous some fields in Tulare and Kern Counties. (George, Leigh, Beards). 
ARIZONA - Populations of Lygus spp. declined in Maricopa County, but numerous 
in all Pinal County fields examined. Stink bugs present most fields, but 
light. (Bottger, Kauffman, Sheets). 


LEAFHOPPERS - NEVADA - Causing defoliation of lower leaves on cotton in 
Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Zoller, Aug. 22). 


WHITEFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Abundant in few fields in Shafter area of Kern 
County. Heaviest populations occur along margins of fields. (Leigh, Beards). 


A BEETLE (Conotelus mexicanus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on cotton in 
Bard area of Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


SAWFLIES - FLORIDA - Neodiprion sp. (may be exitans) defoliating lobolly 
pine. Over 5,000 acres infested in Levy County and 15,000 in Taylor County. 
Almost 100 percent defoliation on 5,000 acres in Taylor County. (McCowan, 
Aug. 25). DELAWARE - Nematus ventralis feeding very heavily on willows 
locally in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). WISCONSIN - A small jack 

pine plantation in northwest area with infestation of 5 percent of Neodiprion 
lecontei. Insect numerous on scattered trees in the open. Majority of 
larvae now pupated. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


A ROOT COLAR WEEVIL - WISCONSIN - Heavy jack pine mortality showing up in 
most northwest areas, but especially in Polk, Burnett and Washburn Counties. 
Infestations as high as 90 percent in many plantations. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) - DELAWARE - Feeding fairly 
heavily on pin oaks in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - PENNSYLVANIA - Completely defoliated 
walnut trees in Lancaster and Chester Counties. (Sleesman, Aug. 13). 


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788 


A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Calomycterus setarius Roelofs) 


Economic Importance: This long-horned weevil is indigenous to Japan and 
was first found in the United States at Yonkers, New York, in 1929. In 
that year, the weevils were numerous in the area where they were first 
found which indicates that they were present for a few years. This species 
is a general feeder, eating out characteristic round patches in the margin 
of the leaf blade. Destructive outbreaks have occurred in limited areas 

in Connecticut, New Jersey and Maryland, with scattered records as far west 
as Iowa. When numerous it is a household pest, countless numbers being 
attracted to lights or colored walls. 


Distribution: Japan and United States. 


Hosts: Among its preferred hosts are ivy, lespedeza, African marigold, 
rose and Virginia creeper. It will also feed on many other agricultural 
and ornamental plants. 


Life History and Habits: The adults begin to emerge from the soil in ‘ 
late June in Connecticut, but are not abundant until July or early August.‘ 
After the first part of August they disappear rapidly, but a few may be 
found until frost. Adults feed on upper surfaces of foliage, in both shade 
and sunlight. When abundant they can be readily found over the entire 
plant. Feeding leaves a scalloped appearance on the leaves. Eggs are 
usually found in clusters of 2 or 3 and hatch in about 9 days at room 
temperature. The larvae are present in the soil from midsummer until June 
of the following year, feeding in the upper three inches and hibernating 

at deeper levels. 


Description: The egg is white, elliptical with ends bluntly rounded; 
about 0.6 mm. in length. Larva grayish-white when mature with a faint 
pink cast midway dorsally on body. Mature larva about 5 mm. long. Pupa 
white, about 4.3 mm. long, very fragile. Pupal eyes become black with age. 
Head with 12 reddish-brown setae. Adult generally grayish-white with 
greenish-yellow or coppery metallic cast. Brownish scales present on head, 
pronotum and elytra. Length 3.5 to 4.5 mm. Antennae and legs reddish- 
brown; a Small spine-like tooth appears near middle of each femur. 

(CEIR 8(36) 9-5-58) 


789 


PALE TUSSOCK MOTH (Halisidota tessellaris) - DELAWARE - Feeding on oaks and 
honeylocust in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


AN OAK GALL WASP (Callirhytis perdens) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation of 
oaks causing swellings on twigs in Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - MyzZocallis californicus damaging oaks. Medium populations 
in Yucaipa area of San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Extremely severe 
infestation in Twin Falls area. (Gibson). CALIFORNIA - Medium on elms in 
San Andreas area, Calaveras County, and heavy in Hornitos in Mariposa County. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Continues heavy damage to Chinese elms in 
central area. (Bower). UTAH - Severely damaging large numbers of elms in 
Salt Lake and Weber Counties. The most extensive damage in several years. 
(Knowlton). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Numerous infestations 
throughout State on various shade trees. (Klix, Hantsbarger). NORTH CAROLINA - 
A webworm, probably this species, severely defoliating oaks and wild cherry 

in Hertford, Northampton, Halifax, Vance and Granville Counties. (PPC). 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliating juniper 
locally in Madison County. (Hawley, Farrier). DELAWARE - Heavy damage to 
red cedars in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


MITES - NORTH CAROLINA - An eriophyid mite, probably Vasates magnolivora, 
abundant in leaf hairs of magnolia leaves and causing discoloration in many 
areas of State. (Scott, Farrier). DELAWARE - Oligonychus bicolor quite 
conspicuous on red oaks in New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 

UTAH - Damaging 100 willow trees along Farmington-Kaysville highway. 
(Knowlton). 


SCALE INSECTS - UTAH - Gossyparia spuria damaged elms several localities. 
Lepidosaphes ulmi damaging shade trees at Manti. Some trees removed due to 


this pest. (Knowlton). 


A TWIG BORER (Proteoteras aesculana) - CALIFORNIA - Damaging maples. Medium 
infestation in Salinas area of Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MULBERRY WHITEFLY (Tetraleurodes mori) - RHODE ISLAND - Puparia heavy on 
linden in Providence, August 21. (Mathewson). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - FLORIDA - Larvae collected on mimosa 
at Milton, Santa Rosa County, August 19. (Beatty). First record for State. 

DELAWARE - Extensive damage to honeylocust in New Castle County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


VIRGINIA-CREEPER LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura ziczac) - UTAH - Seriously damaging 
Virginia creeper in many localities. (Knowlton). 


LACE BUGS - DELAWARE - In New Castle County Stephanitis pyrioides common on 
azaleas, Corythucha cydoniae common on hawthorn and C. ciliata heavy on 
London plane trees. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


A JAPANESE WEEVIL (Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) - MARYLAND - Injury to various 
ornamentals at Chevy Chase. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


EASTERN LUBBER GRASSHOPPER (Romalea microptera) - MISSISSIPPI - Heavy in Holly 
Springs and Columbus. Considerable damage to flowers in parks and adjoining 
neighborhood. (Hutchins, Aug. 23). 


790 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - CALIFORNIA - Nuisance locally on lawns 

in Merced, Merced County. Fleas more prevalent this year in many locations 
of State than in former years. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Fleas, apparently 
this species, predominating, are much more abundant than usual, judging from 
numerous inquiries. (Every). 


MOSQUITOES - NEW MEXICO - Very annoying throughout most of State. Molesting 
horses in northern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Annoying man in 
Price-Helper area of Carbon County. (Knowlton). 


HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - NEVADA - Heavy populations and more numerous than 
in previous years in vicinity of dairies in Clark and Lincoln Counties. 

(Bunker, Lauderdale, Aug. 22). Heavy scattered populations in Fish Lake Valley, 
Esmeralda County. (Parker, Aug. 22). : 


FLIES - UTAH - Horse bots severely annoying horses at Provo and Pleasant Grove 
in Utah County. (Knowlton). NEVADA - Hippelates collusor extremely numerous 
and annoying in Moapa and Virgin Valleys, Clark County. (Zoller, Aug. 22). 
WISCONSIN - Reports of severe fly problem in barns where sanitation and 
treatment lacking. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Stable flies appreciably 
lower than at this time last year in Stillwater area; 5-10 per animal. Horse 
flies very low in central area except along wooded streams, generally less 
than one per animal. (Howell). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - NEW MEXICO - Extremely heavy on cattle where 
control not used. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Average 100-300 on mature 
cows in Okfuskee County, slightly higher in northeastern counties. (Coppock). 
Average 100-300 per untreated animal in Stillwater area. (Howell). 

UTAH - Numerous and annoying cattle in 6 counties. (Knowlton). 


A MITE (Haemolaelaps glasgowi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy population in a 
broiler house which had been unoccupied for several weeks in Nash County. 
(Scott, Farrier). 


EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - UTAH - Infesting a number of Beaver County 
herds. (Knowlton). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous adults 
emerging from large lots of pinto beans received at Central Prison. (Scott, 
Farrier). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PARASITES AND PREDATORS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus 
populations in alfalfa of south central and southeast districts average 

33 per 100 sweeps. Orius insidiosus populations average 36 per 100 sweeps 

in alfalfa fields in same areas. (Hantsbarger, K1lix). NORTH CAROLINA - 
Apanteles sp. more abundant this year on larvae of catalpa sphinx than in the 
past 5 years. (Scott). UTAH - Predaceous insects extremely numerous in pea 
aphid damaged fields near Gunnison. Lady beetles, lacewings, syrphids, 

Nabis sp. and Orius sp. in abundance in worst infested fields. (Knowlton) . 


791 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


STRAW ITCH MITE (Pyemotes ventricosus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in hay in Van Nuys, 
Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - OREGON - Winged forms 
observed during week of August 11 in western area. This somewhat earlier 
than usual. (Every). 


A FAN PALM MOTH (Litoprosopus coachella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation 
in paper and wool in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


FIELD CRICKET (Acheta assimilis) - TEXAS - Very heavy around lights and 
entering homes in Dimmit County. (Harding). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - IDAHO - Heavy infestations in and 
about homes in Twin Falls. (Gibson). 


STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) - CALIFORNIA - Invading houses 
in Susanville, Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MARYLAND - Common in 
different parts of State and in various situations. Common on tobacco in 
St. Marys County, but not damaging to this crop. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


792 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. sexta quing. zea vires. 


ALABAMA 

Crossville 8/25-26 19 15 43 204 
FLORIDA 

Gainesville 8/25 1 1 

Quincy 8/19 47 96 2 
ELLINOIS 

Urbana 8/22-28 32 4 3 20 9 20 
INDIANA (Counties) 

Orange 8/20-25 17 12 aH 1 1 24 56 4 

Tippecanoe 8/21-26 15 3 6 20 8 1 1 13 
KANSAS 

Garden City 8/16-23 44 12) 4 14 14 92 

Hays 8/15-18, 21-26 30 9 9 33 

Manhattan 8/10-29 205 134 532 9 1013 
LOUISIANA 

Baton Rouge 8/22-28 9 8 13 250 74 

Franklin 8/28 2 2 7 1 

Shreveport 8/26, 28 14 1 2 2 12 18 
MAINE 

Presque Isle 8/24-30 al 
MARYLAND 

Fairland 8/22-27 17 18 3 5 2 3 20 
MISSISSIPPI 

Grenada 8/18-23 4 3 i iL 

Senatobia 8/14-21 16 9 15 a 

*State College 8/23-29 55 47 27 166 3 76 2 

*Stoneville 8/22-28 190 37 44 568 10 a 232 
NEW MEXICO 

Deming 8/26 68 

Virden 8/27 31 
NORTH CAROLINA 

Clayton 8/22-28 3 3 

Faison 8/22-28 26 17 20 ala 22 2 


SOUTH CAROLINA 
Clemson 8/23-29 392 84 97 3 34 12 7 35 1 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - WISCONSIN - 8/19-25: *Arlington - 39; Atisco -1; 
Janesville - 6; Gays Mills - 2; LaCrosse - 19; Middleton - 2; Ripon - 13; - 
River Falls - 1; Rosendale - 8; *Theresa - 4; Waterford - 1. 


*MISSISSIPPI - Two traps - State College; 4 traps - Stoneville. WISCONSIN - 
Three traps - Arlington and Theresa. 


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\GRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVI 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE — 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


DR ee a 


SRE St Sy ee 


Volume 8 September 12, 1958 Number 37 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS threatening and severe in areas of New Mexico. (p. 795). Local 
migration flights observed in southwestern Kansas. (p. 807). 


New county records for EUROPEAN CORN BORER in North Carolina and Alabama. 
Cp... 795): 


CORN EARWORM infestations in corn high in southeast Nebraska and in Oregon. 
(p. 795). 


SPIDER MITES abundant on various crops in several states. (p. 796). 
New county record for WALNUT HUSK FLY in California. (p. 799). 


BOLL WEEVIL migration at peak in central Alabama, continuing in Tennessee. 
(p. 802). 


BOLLWORM egg counts high in Arkansas. (p. 802). 
SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE epidemic in Tyrrell County, North Carolina. (p. 803). 


ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 807). 


FIR I KE Ck ke 2c 2 ke ke 2 ke ake fc 2k a 2c aie 2c 2 ic ic a 2 ic ie 2 2c 2c 2c ic 2k 2k 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 5, unless otherwise 
designated. 


794 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 8, 1958 


Tropical storm Ella, near the western end of Cuba at the beginning of the week, 
continued in a west-northwesterly course across the Gulf of Mexico and moved 
inland between Galveston and Brownsville, Tex., on the morning of the 6th. 

She produced 2 to 4-foot tides along most of the Texas and Louisiana coasts 
and heavy rains in Texas coastal areas. Galveston, Tex., measured nearly 14 
inches of rain in 34 days during her approach and passage. Although Ella 
apparently never regained hurricane strength after crossing western Cuba, 
Grand Isle, La., reported gusts up to 75 m.p.h. on the morning of September 5. 
Ella brought beneficial rains to many sections in Texas. On September 5, 
another tropical storm, Fifi, was located about 700 miles east-southeast of 
San Juan, Puerto Rico. She had gained hurricane intensity by 6 p.m. of the 
6th when 450 miles east of San Juan. On the 9th, at 5 a.m., she was 560 miles 
south-southwest of Bermuda moving northwestward at 7 m.p.h. 


Unseasonably warm, dry weather continued last week in the western Great Plains 
and west of the Continental Divide, except for a cool snap in northern areas 
the first 3 days of the period and for a few widely scattered localities which 
received up to 4 inch or more of rain in local thunderstorms. On the 3d 
freezing occurred at points in Idaho and in the southwestern valleys of Montana 
where 22° was recorded at Drummond. Relative to normal, the week was warmest 
in the Far Southwest where temperatures averaged 3° to 6° above seasonal levels. 
An inch of rain in the southeastern portion of Salt Lake City, Utah, on the 

4th caused street flooding. On the 6th and 7th, scattered thunderstorms 
occurred throughout California, lightning killed 2 children at Big Bear Lake, 
burned a house in Fresno and started many forest fires before attendant rains 
reduced the fire hazard. Some points in northwestern Oregon have received less 
than 0.05 inch of rain in the past 68 days for one of the longest dry periods 
there on record. In the eastern half of the Nation, temperatures averaged 
below normal in the Middle and North Atlantic States and Great Lakes region and 
above elsewhere, with departures generally less than 3°. A cool air mass sent 
temperatures down into the 30's and 40's in northern areas early in the week, 
and Norfolk, Conn., recorded 31° on the 3d. 


Rainfall in the eastern half of the Nation was spotty, ranging from none at all 
to near 14 inches. Greatest totals were produced in Texas by Hurricane Ella, 
hut she also was responsible for 1 to 2-inch totals in southern Florida. Heavy 
to excessive rains fell in eastern Kansas, the southeastern quarter of Nebraska 
and parts of Iowa and Missouri. Local amounts up to 11.50 inches were reported 
from Guthrie and Adair Counties, Iowa, where heavy flooding occurred. Some 
weekly totals of 5 to 8 inches were reported in eastern Kansas, where some 
24-hour amounts of 3 to 7 inches caused flash floods along the Blue, Republican 
and Kansas Rivers. Rainfall generally was very light from Michigan to eastern 
Montana and soil mositure continues short in most of this area. The week was 
virtually rainless south of the Ohio River, except along the Gulf Coast, and 
rain is now needed in many sections of this area. Some severe local storms 
were reported in northern areas during the weekend. Hail and wind damaged 
crops in the Red River Valley of North Dakota on the 6th and in some localities 
of Wisconsin. A tornado, reported near Willimantic, Conn., on the 7th, smashed 
a hanger valued at $25,000, and downed trees and utility lines; considerable 
damage from wind and lightning occurred in other parts of the State. (Summary 
supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


795 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - NEW YORK - Caused considerable damage in Conesus area of 
Livingston County. Fed extensively on field corn and ornamentals. (N. Y. 
Wkly. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Mostly nymphs numerous in red clover and on soybeans 
in central Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). WISCONSIN - Migration of adult 
Melanoplus femur-rubrum underway. Will be depositing eggs in soil in new 
seedings soon. Dissosteira carolina numbers appear greater in some counties 
than for several years. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MICHIGAN - Populations in Upper 
Peninsula are normal. (Hutson). OKLAHOMA - Light damage to margins of sor- 
ghum, legumes and cotton in southwestern and south central areas. Generally 
6-15 adults per square yard, but with 30-50 in a few locations. 

Range numbers generally light, 3-8 per square yard. (Coppock, VanCleave). 

NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestation south of San Jon and another west of Nara Visa, 
Quay County. Threatening near Amistad, Union County, and threatening to severe 
south and west of Rosebud, Harding County. M. bilituratus threatening to 
severe in Maxwell-Miami area in Colfax County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - 
M. differentialis and M. femur-rubrum medium on rangeland meadows near Quincy, 
Plumas County. Camnula pellucida in mountain meadow pastures. Degree of in- 
festation not reported. (Gal. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - NEW YORK - Maximum infestation of 

3 percent was found in treated sweet corn fields surveyed in Monroe and 
Livingston County area. Damage found in less than 5 percent of unsprayed ears 
in Hudson Valley. Damage averaged 12 percent in ears of first harvesting of 
untreated corn in Livingston County. Found in all commercial plantings of 
sweet corn. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Rather heavy feeding in field 
corn throughout most of State. One Sussex County sweet corn field 100 percent 
infested. Great many in cobs. Egg laying greatly increased. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). MARYLAND - Heavy in a few sweet corn fields in Queen Annes County, 
but larvae generally low on Eastern Shore. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH 
CAROLINA - Taken for first time in Scotland County in corn stalks. (Jones, 
Farrier). ALABAMA - Heavy infestation in Autauga County is first record for 
that county. Aduits and larvae observed. Most larvae in fourth instar. 
(Grimes). WISCONSIN - Second-brood moths continued to fly. Egg masses averaged 
about 20 per 100 plants, with approximately 60 percent hatched in one Columbia 
County sweet corn planting August 29. No newly hatched larvae were observed. 
(Wis. Coop. Sur.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation averaged 59 percent in east 
central district with 102 larvae per 100 plants and 60 percent in central dis- 
trict with 171 larvae per 100 plants. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - NEW YORK - Survey of sweet corn fields in Monroe 
and Livingston County area showed maximum infestations of 2 percent in treated 
fields. Larvae of this species predominated in unsprayed commercial ears in 
Hudson Valley. Trap catches averaged less than one moth a night. (N. Y. Wkly. 
Rpt.). DELAWARE - Remained prevalent in ears of most sweet and field corn, 
though somewhat decreased. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Infestations in 
sweet corn ears ranged 6-80 percent in Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
VIRGINIA - Heaviest moth emergence on Eastern Shore occurred during week of 
August 23. Damage to soybeans light to date, but may increase. (Hofmaster) . 
NORTH CAROLINA - Abundant in milo heads in Gates County. (Newsome). ALABAMA - 
Moderate on grain sorghum in Wilcox County. (Hays). LOUISIANA - Increased on 
milo in Tensas Parish. (Spink). WISCONSIN - Few larvae found damaging tips 

of ears in fields planted May 13-19, Columbia County. Adult flights occurred 
on favorable nights, numbers in some traps appear to be increasing, but slowly. 
(Wis. Coop. Sur.). NEBRASKA - Infestation in corn ranged 80-95 percent in 
southeast portion of State. (Andersen). ARKANSAS - Moths continued to emerge 
in large numbers. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Light in alfalfa throughout 
western half of State. Averaged 1-5 early-instar larvae per 10 sweeps, generally. 
Damage to early-planted sorghum decreasing in southwest area. Averaged 1-7 

per head in late sorghum. (Coppock, VanCleave). Larvae ranged 10-20 per 100 
terminals in peanuts, a decline from previous weeks. (Walton). OREGON - Above 
normal in mid-Willamette Valley corn. One field showed 90 percent of ears 
infested and some damage well down toward middle of ears. (Morrison) . 


796 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - VIRGINIA - Numerous in some sorghum fields 
in localized Eastern Shore areas. (Hofmaster). Medium on alfalfa in Bland 
County. (Morris, Mallory). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laph a frugiperda) - NEW YORK - In Hudson Valley, moths appeared 
in light trap. N. Y. Wkly. Rpt.). DELAWARE - Decreased on late field corn 

but very common in sweet corn ears in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
VIRGINIA - Numerous in some sorghum fields in localized areas of Eastern Shore. 
(Hofmaster). Medium on young alfalfa in Bland County. (Mallory, Morris). 
ALABAMA - Large numbers of eggs and first-instar larvae on grain sorghum in 
Autauga County (Grimes), and larvae moderate to heavy on same crop in Wilcox 
County (Hays). LOUISIANA - Light on milo in Tensas Parish. (Spink). TEXAS - 
Caused considerable damage in pastures in Walker County. (Randolph). OKLAHOMA - 
Occurred with corn earworm in sorghum heads in southwestern counties. Numbers 
less than in 1957. (VanCleave, Hatfield). 


YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) - VIRGINIA - Numerous in some 
sorghum fields and on cole crops and damaged tomatoes and peppers in eastern 
area. (Hofmaster). 


CORN ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) - WISCONSIN - D. longicornis adults very 
numerous in some Columbia County sweet corn plantings. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 
SOUTH DAKOTA - D. undecimpunctata howardi adults averaged 2 per 20 sweeps 
throughout State on alfalfa. (Hantsbarger, Klix). 


SAP BEETLES - DELAWARE - Carpophilus lugubris numerous in corn. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). WASHINGTON - Carpophilus sp. adults caused light damage to sweet 
corn at Wapato. (Landis). MARYLAND - Numbers in corn declining in most 
sections. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Small larvae 
found on corn in areas around Morrilton and 45 percent of plants infested in 
a young corn field in Jefferson County. Moths continued to emerge, but no 
eggs found on corn plants. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Approximately 8 
percent of milo plants tunneled in 2 Tillman County fields. (VanCleave, 
Hatfield). 


APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - CALIFORNIA - Reported heavy on 
corn near Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - WISCONSIN - Flight activity remained 

low at Madison. Most corn fields 100 percent infested, but colony sizes 

appeared smaller than in 1957. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Up to 100 per 

plant in scattered fields of late sorghum in southwest area. (Coppock, VanCleave). 


SPIDER MITES - DELAWARE - Damage by Tetranychus atlanticus increasingly noticeable 
in several Sussex County soybean plantings. (MacCreary, Conrad). UTAH - Oligony- 
chus sp. damaging corn from Utah County north through Weber County. (Davis). 
WASHINGTON - T. telarius infesting corn, beans, potatoes and sugar beets at 
Othello, Warden, Moses Lake and Quincy and more widespread than ever before 
observed. Damage heavy at Othello, moderate elsewhere. (Landis). OREGON - 

T. telarius abundant on corn in Willamette Valley. (Morrison). 


LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllo us) - ALABAMA - Increased on grain sorghum 


throughout central part of State. Grimes). 
CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - ARKANSAS - Small numbers in some rice 


fields over the State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.) 


197 


STINK BUGS - ARKANSAS - Occurring on rice in many areas of State. (Ark. Ins.) 
Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Oebalus pugnax averaged 21.5 per 10 sweeps in 5 rice fields 
and 44 in 3 others in St. Landry Parish and 1,118 were taken in 50 sweeps in 
one untreated field. Growers are treating in most cases. (Spink).. ALABAMA - 
Light to moderate on grain sorghum in Wilcox County. (Hays). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEBRASKA - Larvae very 
light, 9 per 100 sweeps, in southeast alfalfa fields. (Andersen). OKLAHOMA - 
Extremely light, 0-2 larvae per 10 sweeps, in alfalfa in southwestern and 
central areas. (Coppock, VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 3 per 10 sweeps 
in Dona Ana County alfalfa fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - Adults 

and larvae more abundant than usual on alfalfa in Montgomery and Washington 
Counties. Larvae averaged over one per sweep at Boonsboro, Washington County. 
Light numbers of larvae feeding on soybeans. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused light to moderate 
injury in over 200 acres of soybeans in Northampton County. (Scott, Farrier). 
VIRGINIA - Very abundant on soybeans on Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). ARKANSAS - 
Present on soybeans in northeast section of State. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). MARYLAND - 
Generally light on alfalfa in Washington and Montgomery Counties. Some diseased 
larvae noticed. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.) 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - DELAWARE - First larva of 
season taken on Sussex County red clover. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - 
Few moths taken in light trap nightly on Eastern Shore, but not enough to 
cause heavy infestation. (Hofmaster). LOUISIANA - Numbers on soybeans con- 
siderably reduced in St. Landry Parish since beginning of treatment several 
weeks ago. (Spink). 


WEBWORMS (Loxostege spp.) - MARYLAND - Webbing top leaves of alfalfa at 
Germantown. Controls applied. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - L. similalis 
larvae remained common in some alfalfa plantings throughout State.’ (MacCreary, 
Conrad). VIRGINIA - Probably L. similalis medium on alfalfa in Bland County. 
(Morris, Mallory). NEBRASKA - L. commixtalis averaged 10 per 100 sweeps in 
southeastern portion of State, with some webbing noticeable in alfalfa fields. 
(Andersen). OKLAHOMA - Populations in alfalfa reduced considerably in past 

2 weeks. (Coppock, VanCleave). CALIFORNIA - L. sticticalis medium locally 

on alfalfa in Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A WEBWORM - IDAHO - Damaged fall-seeded alfalfa in Canyon County. About half 
of an ll-acre field examined will require seeding. (Scott). 

BLACK BLISTER BEETLE (Epicauta pennsylvanica) - SOUTH DAKOTA - In alfalfa, 
averaged 16 per 20 sweeps in east central district and 14 in central district. 
(Hantsbarger, Klix). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Caused 5 percent loss 
of total foilage and 50 percent loss of top leaves of soybeans in Duplin 
County. (Reid, Farrier). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - MARYLAND - Adults and larvae 
light on soybeans at Boonsboro and Aquasco. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta striolata) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged up to 
40 per 20 sweeps in some scattered alfalfa fields in west central district. 
(Hantsbarger, Klix). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEBRASKA - Averaged 160 per 100 sweeps in 
southeastern alfalfa and red clover fields. (Andersen). DELAWARE - Increased 
greatly in alfalfa through State. (MacCreary, Conrad). UTAH - Populations 
vary from light to damaging in alfalfa. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Averaged 


798 


over 100 per sweep in alfalfa at Othello. (Landis). MARYLAND - Increased 
steadily on alfalfa in central and western parts of State. CUZ Md Ent 
Dept.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - UTAH - Building up in several 
southern and south central counties. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Remained low 
generally, 40-100 per 10 sweeps in southwestern counties and 20-75 in central 
counties. (Coppock, VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Generally light and spotted in 
Eddy and Chaves County alfalfa fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - NEBRASKA - Moderate in southeast 
counties. Averaged 20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa. (Andersen). DELAWARE - 
Averaged 3 per sweep in a Kent County alfalfa field and 5 per 10 sweeps ina 
Sussex County field. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs averaged 8 per 20 
sweeps in alfalfa fields in southwest and south central districts. (Hantsbarger, 
Klix). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - WISCONSIN -. Heavy adult and nymphal populations 
observed on goldenrod in northern districts. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND - Adults abundant in 
Montgomery and Washington County alfalfa fields. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - NEBRASKA - Averaged 12 per 100 sweeps in 
alfalfa and red clover fields in southeast counties. (Andersen). DELAWARE - 
Increase noted on alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - 
Abundant on young alfalfa in Washington County, particularly on field borders. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Averaged 20-35 
per 5 sweeps in alfalfa in Brazos County. (Randolph). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 
3 per sweep in alfalfa fields in Dona Ana County. (Na, Mo iCoop. ‘Rpt... 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Fourth-generation 
larvae ranged 60-70 per 100 peanut terminals in north central and south central 
counties. (Walton). 


SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - LOUISIANA - Egg masses averaged 8 per 
100 plants in 6 untreated experimental fields. Larvae averaged 116 per 100 
plants, infesting 66 percent of plants examined. (Spink). 


CHINCH BUGS (Blissus spp.) - MISSISSIPPI - Continued to cause serious damage 
to St. Augustine grass lawns in southern portion of State. (Hutchins). 
ALABAMA - B. leucopterus insularis extremely heavy on St. Augustine grass in 
Mobile Gounty. (Self). 


A GRASSWORM (Mocis latipes) - ALABAMA - Heavy on pasture crops in Wilcox County. 
(Hays). 


WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - UTAH - Serious on many lawns in Salt Lake City 
and in Salt Lake County. Also damaging in Logan. (Knowlton). 


799 


FRUIT INSECTS 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy in peach in 

Yuba City, Sutter County. From pear in San Ysidro, San Diego Co. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.)., 
UTAH - Damaging in most San Juan, Grand, Carbon, Emery and Duchesne County 

apple orchards. Well controlled in few commercial orchards. (Knowlton). 
MISSISSIPPI - Reported damaging pears in Bolivar County. (Hutchins). 

MICHIGAN - Activity is sporadic. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - First and second- 

instar larvae, also eggs comprise light to moderate population in Door County. 

(Wis. Coop. Sur., Aug. 28). 


RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - OREGON - Local infestations on 
apples, prunes and other fruits in Milton-Freewater area. Larvae maturing 
week of August 31. (Brown, Goeden) 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Infestation spotty on apples. 
(Hutson). 


ORCHARD MITES - NEW YORK - Spider mites still present in some orchards in 
Orleans County and some building up. (N. Y. Wkly. Rpt. , Sept. 2). UTAH - 
Damage to apples commonly severe in Salt Lake, Box Elder, Davis and Weber 
County orchards. (Knowlton). WISCONSIN - Panonychus ulmi light to moderate 
populations. Egg laying underway. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - WISCONSIN - Second-generation 
larvae present in light to moderate numbers. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). MICHIGAN - 
Larvae in second and third instars active at Sparta and Coloma. (Hutson). 


OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) - WISCONSIN - Appears heavier this 
year on central area orchard trees. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - First record for 
San Joaquin County made at Ripon. One male taken in trap placed in black 
walnut, no larvae found. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER (Harrisina brillians) - NEW MEXICO - Relatively 
abundant on grapes in Bernalillo and Dona Ana Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
ARIZONA - Spotted infestation appearing on grapes in Graham County. In 

past several years it has completely defoliated grapevines in this county. 

No damage expected this season. (Woodruff). 


A WEBWORM (Nomophila noctuella) - CALIFORNIA - Locally heavy on almonds in 
Chico, Butte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - VIRGINIA - Severe on pecan trees in 
southern part of Charlotte County. Leaves severely eaten. (Haskins). 


PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Numerous on pecan 
trees in Washington County. (Scott, Farrier). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - LOUISIANA - Continued as a problem on 
pecans throughout the State. (Spink). 


Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Fourth Week of August - PURPLE 
SCALE activity increased and slight increase expected first part of September. 
FLORIDA RED SCALE and CITRUS RED MITE activity increased. (Pratt, Thompson, 
Johnson). 


MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - FLORIDA - No finds since 
November 26, 1957. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


800 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on young lettuce 
throughout Dona Ana County, often with 5-10 eggs on plants having 5-6 leaves. 
Many growers treating at 5-day intervals. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 

CALIFORNIA - Medium on romaine lettuce in Chula Vista, San Diego County. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - OREGON - Damaged many vegetable crops in 
Willamette Valley through September 6. Many pupae in soil and additional 
brood is possible. (Morrison). NEW MEXICO - Larvae damaged young lettuce in 
Dona Ana County fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - CALIFORNIA - Local heavy populations attacked 
cauliflower near Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) - NORTH CAROLINA - Averaged over one 
adult and numerous nymphs per untreated collard plant in Duplin County. 
(Reid, Farrier). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - MICHIGAN - Numerous enough on broccoli 
at Jackson, Stockbridge and Bath to require treatment. (Hutson). WISCONSIN - 
Larvae numerous in Racine-Kenosha area. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


APHIDS - MICHIGAN - Several species becoming numerous on potatoes at Stanton 
and Paw Paw. (Hutson). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - This species and curly-top 
disease reduced tomato yield prospects 92 percent in one Bear River Valley 
canning area. (Knowlton). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - DELAWARE - Adults feeding 
lightly on tomatoes throughout State. Adults and larvae rather common on 

late potatoes in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). WASHINGTON - All stages 
caused light to moderate damage to potatoes in central part of State. (Landis). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - LOUISIANA - Infesting eggplants in Tangipahoa 
Parish, with approximately two-thirds of a 5-acre field badly damaged. 
(Spink). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Late second-generation 
and early third-generation larvae very light to heavy in stalks and fruits 
of peppers, but mostly in latter, in Kent and Sussex Counties. Common also 
on late potatoes. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Caused considerable 
trouble in peppers in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Larvae feeding in pepper 
fruits in some Sussex County fields. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - 
Numerous on cole crops on Eastern Shore and damaged tomatoes in Same area. 
(Hofmaster). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - IDAHO - Occurred in all potato seed 
fields in Grace-Ashton, Teton Basin and Lost River areas. Averaged up to 
2 per leaf in Grace-Ashton area and 0.5 per leaf in Teton Basin and Lost 
River areas. Syrphid flies built up in more heavily infested fields in 
Ashton area and will probably prevent further aphid build up. (Bishop). 
WASHINGTON - Moderate on potatoes at Quincy. Heavy flight August 21-28. 
(Landis). MARYLAND - Heavy on pepper plants in some fields in northern 
Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


801 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - DELAWARE - Feeding heavily in tomatoes, potatoes 
and peppers throughout Sussex County and caused light to moderate damage on _ 
tomatoes in Kent and New Castle Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - 
Damaged chili and tomatoes throughout State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 

MARYLAND - Eggs and larvae moderate to heavy on peppers in Worcester County. 
Controls required in many instances. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


LOOPERS - VIRGINIA - Increased on all crops on Eastern Shore. Averaged 4 
larvae and 10 eggs per leaf’‘on broccoli. Tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers 
damaged. Spraying lowered to 5-day schedule. Light trap catches dropped 
from high of 179 to 15 on August 25. (Hofmaster). 


PEPPER MAGGOT (Zonosemata electa) - NEW JERSEY - Earliest peppers 100 percent 
infested in central area. Few eggs still present. (Merrill). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MICHIGAN - Populations remained low. 
(Hutson). DELAWARE - Very common on late potatoes in central Kent County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). CALIFORNIA - Light on potato foliage at Watsonville, 
Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Damage generally light, but 
more severe in St. George-Santa Clara area of Washington County. (Knowlton). 
WYOMING - Averaged 6 adults per 100 sweeps in potatoes in Laramie and Goshen 
Counties. (Davison). 


WHITEFLIES - WASHINGTON - Aleyrodes spiraeoides and Trialeurodes abutilonea 
increased, caused moderate damage to potatoes and various weeds in central 
area of State. All stages present. Populations predominantly A. spiraeoides. 
(Landis). 


BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) - WASHINGTON - Practically non-existent in contrast to 
great abundance in 1957 in central part of State. (Landis). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - WYOMING - Completely defoliated 
many bean fields in Laramie, Goshen and Platte Counties. Adults and pupae 
very numerous among fallen leaves. Crop being harvested. (Davison). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - 
Prevalent in flowers of some Kent and Sussex County pumpkin-squash. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Criocerus asparagi) - DELAWARE - Larvae heavy on asparagus 
ferns in some Kent and Sussex County plantings. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) - DELAWARE - New mines becoming 
increasingly more evident in asparagus plantings. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) - NEW JERSEY - Heavily attacked 
parsley and carrots in all areas. (Merrill). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - MICHIGAN - Late injury to onions appears 
extremely spotty at harvest. Single fields seriously damaged at Hooper, 
Hudsonville and Allegan. (Hutson). 


SPIDER MITES - WASHINGTON - Probably Tetranychus telarius, severely damaged 
raspberries in Puget Sound area. (Telford). 


STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) - WISCONSIN - First and 
second-instar larvae of second generation in moderate numbers in Door County 
August 29. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


802 


TOBACCO INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Generally light on tobacco in 
St. Marys County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - MARYLAND - Eggs continued abundant on tobacco 
in St. Marys County. Larval damage light. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


TOBACCO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix hirtipennis) - VIRGINIA - Severe on some tobacco 
in southern Charlotte County. Excessive rain prevented control. Leaves 
filled with holes. (Haskins). 


COTTON INSECTS 


APHIDS - ALABAMA - Aphis gossypii extremely heavy on cotton in northern area 
of State. Almost all leaves heavily infested in one field. (Grimes). 
TENNESSEE - Heavier in succulent cotton... Some control needed to prevent lint 
injury in many fields. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Numbers on cotton increased. 

(Ark. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - A. gossypii generally light in cotton-growing 
areas, with some moderately heavy infestations. Honeydew becoming problem 

in few fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Migration at peak in central 
part of State, increased in north. As many as 3-4 punctures per boll in 
unprotected fields where bolls are half-grown. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - 
Infestation averaged 15 percent in 33 fields in Grant Parish, 14.5 percent 
in 75 Morehouse Parish fields, 20 percent in 36 fields in Rapides Parish and 
14 percent in 42 fields and ranged 4-61 percent in 8 other fields in Tensas 
Parish. Averaged 36 percent in 30 fields in Franklin Parish and 12 percent 
in 56 fields in Ouachita Parish. (Spink). SOUTH CAROLINA - Continued to 
increase in all maturing fields. Caused serious damage in unprotected late 
cotton. Migration reported in upper Piedmont counties. (Cott. Lett.). 
TENNESSEE - Migration continued into succulent cotton. Considerable damage 
can be expected to small bolls if infestations are not controlled. Many 
fields passed damage stage. Ground control difficult due to rank cotton. 
Survey confined to heavier infested portion of State, with average of 54 
percent punctured squares. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Continued to emerge in some 
areas. Fourth generation appearing. Migration continued from older to 
younger cotton. Squaring cotton not safe from boll damage. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 
OKLAHOMA - Sharp reduction in activity in southwestern area. Less than 5 
percent punctured squares in most fields checked. Upland cotton has stopped 
Squaring. (VanCleave, Hatfield). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - ALABAMA - Populations decreased considerably 
in past 7 days, however larvae caused severe damage to large cotton bolls in 
northern part of State. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - Infestation averaged 4.9 
percent in 33 fields in Grant Parish, 7.8 percent in 36 fields in Rapides 
Parish, 2 percent in 42 Tensas Parish fields and averaged 3.9 percent in 
Morehouse Parish. Eggs ranged 5-40 per 100 squares and 3-16 per 100 terminals. 
Infestation averaged one percent in 30 Franklin Parish fields and 3 percent 

in 56 Ouachita Parish fields. (Spink). SOUTH CAROLINA - Continued active 
throughout most of State. Serious damage reported from Blackville, Barnwell 
County, to some of upper western counties. (Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Adults 
remained active. Egg counts ranged 0-16 per 100 terminals. (Locke). 

ARKANSAS - Adults continued to emerge in large numbers and egg counts on 
cotton extremely high in some areas, with one report of 332 eggs per 100 
terminals. This is one of highest egg counts recorded. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


803 


OKLAHOMA - Damage generally 2-8 percent in irrigated cotton in southwest. 
Lighter in upland cotton. (VanCleave, Hatfield). NEW MEXICO - Appeared to 

be declining in most counties, except for several moderately heavy infestations 
in Eddy and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Generally light in 
west cross timbers area with isolated medium to heavy infestations in northwest, 
north plains and south plains areas. (Gaines). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ARKANSAS - Defoliated cotton in some areas. 
(Ark. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Light in cotton fields in Chaves, Eddy, Lea, 
Dona Ana, Luna and Hidalgo Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Light in 
isolated sections in northwest and south plains areas. (Gaines). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Reported for first 

time this season. Moths caught in Pee Dee and Clemson light traps. Adults 
reared from larvae collected in Clarendon County in August. (Cott. Lett.). 

NEW MEXICO - Occasional larva found in cotton fields in Dona Ana and Chaves 
Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Recovery of one dead 
larva from inspection of 10 gin stands and one lint cleaner at 2 localities 
in Tillman County, September 5, was first report for State this season. 
(Hatfield). ARIZONA - Inspection of 456 green cotton bolls in 2 fields in 
Graham County recovered 3 live, half-grown larvae in one boll from the field 
at Solomon. The field at Safford showed negative results. (Woodruff, 

Aug. 18). No new infested cotton fields detected in past 10 days. (Woodruff, 
Sept. 2). 


SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Caused serious damage to northern area cotton. 

Where not controlled, cotton almost completely defoliated and has been 
picked one to two weeks early. Yield has been reduced. (Grimes). 

SOUTH CAROLINA - Defoliated cotton in all counties where control was not 
used. Generally, most infestations are aiding in defoliation of rank cotton. 
(Cott. Lett.). TENNESSEE - Predators more numerous than any time this 
season. (Locke). ARKANSAS - Present in a large number of fields, but numbers 
decreased within individual fields. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Aerial survey 
indicates epidemic in Tyrrell County. Slight increase in area in Hyde County 
and only moderate increase in tree mortality. Limited control attempted by 
few landowners. (Green). 


WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestations in scattered 
patches of white pine varying from one-fourth acre to one acre in Buncombe, 
McDowell, Mitchell and Polk Counties. (Shaw). 


IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation in one-fourth acre areas 
of pine in Bladen County. (Green). 


A MIDGE (Retinodiplosis inopis) - CALIFORNIA - The midge reported in CEIR 
8(35):769 is the above species. It has been in an epidemic status in the 
Mt. Shasta brushfield planting for the past two years and has caused 
considerable damage to ponderosa pine during this period. (Hall). 


RED-HEADED SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - WISCONSIN - Larvae defoliating a 
Vernon County jack pine planting where trees were 4 feet tall on August 29. 
Feeding also occurred on the bark of twigs. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). LOUISIANA - 
Light on long leaf pine in Livingston Parish. (Spink). 


804 


A GALL WASP (Callirhytis sp.) - MISSISSIPPI - A serious infestation on willow 
oak in Humphreys County. (Hutchins). 


ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - RHODE ISLAND - Larvae heavy on 
oak locally at Providence and North Kingstown. (Mathewson, Hansen). 
MARYLAND - Damaging oaks at La Plata. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) - MISSISSIPPI - Seriously damaging 
oak in Greenville. (Hutchins) . 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - WISCONSIN - 
Numerous and active. As of September 3, a total of 1741 cases of Dutch elm 
disease found. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - IDAHO - Continues nuisance in 
Twin Falls area. Large number of adults now appearing. (Gibson). 

OKLAHOMA - Heavy egg laying in Stillwater area; 3 generations completed. 
Adults invaded many homes in central and east central sections. (Howell). 


ORIENTAL MOTH (Cnidocampa flavescens) - MASSACHUSETTS - Severely defoliating 
leaves of a small Norway maple at East Cambridge, August 25. This is the 
first record of activity of this species since 1954 in the State. (Perry). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Severe on honeylocust in 
Norfolk County. (Harrell). 


MITES - WISCONSIN - Spider mite damage appears quite general to many ornamental 
evergreens. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). CALIFORNIA - Oligonychus platani heavy on 
Sycamore at Riverside, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia citrana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation on 
gladiolus at Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SCALE INSECTS - VIRGINIA - Diaspis carueli building up in Several nurseries in 
Norfolk County and severe on several junipers in the area. (Harrell). 
Unaspis euonymi heavy on euonymus throughout Fluvanna County (Morris, Smith) 
and in Arlington and Bedford Counties. (Rowell, Boone). CALIFORNIA -' 
Toumeyella pinicola heavy on Monterey pine at Watsonville, Santa Cruz 
County. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae heavy on ash in El Cajon, San Diego County. 
(Cal. Coo). Rpt.). 

4 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - DELAWARE - Fairly common in various 
sections of State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


MOSQUITOES - WISCONSIN - Severe in Rusk County and in some other northern 
localities. In southern sections populations lower than for past 5 years. 
(Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - Mosquitoes seriously annoying in parts of Box 
Elder, Davis and Cache Counties. Many cases of encephalitis reported from 
persons and horses in several counties. Control applied in northern counties 
where encephalitis present. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Very annoying around 
homes in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FLIES - WISCONSIN - Reports from 118 barns in 10 counties for week ending 
August 31 showed horse flies to be more of a problem than heretofore, but 
stable flies and horn flies to be the worst problem. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


805 


UTAH - Flies annoying cattle and horses severely in many parts of 7 counties. 
House flies seriously abundant throughout Box Elder County and annoyance 
common at county fairs. Infestations common in small restaurants and some 
grocery stores. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Horn fly and stable fly populations 
in Stillwater area up slightly from last week of August, but house fly down 
slightly. (Howell). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) - UTAH - Common pest in 
Uintah County granaries, wherever grain has been carried over from 1957. 
(Knowlton) . 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PARASITES AND PREDATORS - SOUTH DAKOTA - Nabis spp. adults averaged 5 per 
20 sweeps in alfalfa throughout the State and Hippodamia spp. adults 2 

per 20 sweeps in same crop. (Hantsbarger, Klix). OKLAHOMA - Lacewings 
common in alfalfa, 4-35 per 10 sweeps, throughout State. Collops sp. also 
common in same crop statewide. (Coppock, VanCleave). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - VIRGINIA - Heavy around 
Richmond area, and abundant on oaks on Eastern Shore. (Willey). Very heavy 
around a house in Orange County and appeared by thousands on windows. Air 
pressure hose used to blow pests off motors of cars at filling station. 

Swept up by gallons each night. Heavy around few homes in several counties. 
Plentiful on flue-cured tobacco in Lunenburg County., Of doubtful economic 
importance on this crop. (Rowell, et al.). MARYLAND - Adults on soybeans 

at Aquasco and upon alfalfa at various localities in Montgomery and Washington 
Counties. No apparent damage. (U., Md., Ent. Dept.). 


LESSER MEALWORM (Alphitobius diaperinus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in 
chicken manure at Terra Bella, Tulare County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A LEAF MINER (Melanagromyza virens) - CALIFORNIA - June-seeded experimental 
plantings of safflower grown at the University of California, Davis, Yolo 
County, 100 percent infested. No reports of infestations in commercial 
plantings. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - A camp site of 13 acres at 
Bear Lake, Rich County, severely overrun with the pest during the past season. 
(Knowlton). 


BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Populations high about many 
Cache, Weber, Salt Lake and Utah County homes. (Knowlton). 


COCKROACHES - UTAH - Problem in homes and motels in Washington, Davis and 
Utah Counties. (Knowlton). 


GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - DELAWARE - Quite common throughout State. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseud. 
unip. 
ALABAMA 
Crossville 9/1,3 37 
ARKANSAS 
Fayetteville 8/21-9/3 60 
Hope 8/21-9/3 9 
Kelso 8/21-9/3 2 
Morrilton 8/14-20 34 
Osceola 8/21-27 
Stuttgart 8/21-9/3 
FLORIDA 
Gainesville 8/25 
Quincy 8/19 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 8/29-9/4 18 
INDIANA (County) 


Tippecanoe 8/26-9/3 719 


LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 8/29-9/5 15 
Franklin 9/1 


Shreveport 9/1,3 24 
MISSISSIPPI 

Grenada 8/25-30 6 

Senatobia 8/21-29 1D 


*State College 8/30-9/5 31 
*Stoneville 8/29-9/4 69 


NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 8/29-9/4 15 
Faison 8/29-9/4 34 


SOUTH CAROLINA 


Clemson 8/30-9/5 140 
Charleston 8/25-9/7 134 
Florence 8/24-30 211 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 
Blount 8/19-9/1 108 
Cumberland 8/19-9/1 41 
Greene8/19-9/1 147 
Johnson 8/19-9/1 686 
Madison 8/19-9/1 282 
Maury 8/19-9/1 244 
Robertson 8/19-9/1 53 
TEXAS 
Waco 8/30-9/5 46 


806 


Agrot. Prod. 


yps. ornith. 
9 
60 
2 
8 
61 
9 
12 4 
14 9 
2 al 
9 Zr 
4 
2 
101 4l 
15 39 
9 4 
@ 25 
62 48 
30 67 
47 Biot" 
220 164 
aks 32 
149 199 
260 262 
142 82 
184 220 
16 84 
16 


Perid. Laphyg. 


marg. frug. 

18 

9 159 

4 

alit 

15 aL 
19 

ik 148 

17 

UE 

5 

3 173 

OT 

9 76 

285 

5 203 

12 60 

8 Hal 

28 56 

124 226 

8 36 

8 12 
22 


Protoparce 
sexta quing. 


27 
1 
47 
1 
3 
4 aL 
23 
1 
iat 7 
14 4 
47 7 
103 
9 7 
71 57 
28 62 
1 
27 8 
98 64 
34 48 


*MISSISSIPPI - Two traps State College; 4 traps -— Stoneville. 


Heliothis 
zea vires. 


120 


149 


96 


100 


807 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - WISCONSIN - 8/26-9/3: ¥*Arlington - 75; 
Astico - 5; Berlin - 114; Janesville - 2; LaCrosse - 8; Middleton - 3; 
Platteville - 26; Ripon - 12; River Falls - 3; Rosendale - 24; *Teresa - 36; 
Waterford - 3. 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - INDIANA - Tippecanoe County - 8/27-9/3: 
1481. 


*Wisconsin - Three traps - Arlington and Theresa. 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


KANSAS - Local migration flights of Melanoplus bilituratus observed in Meade 
County. Populations heavy in volunteer wheat fields in localized areas of 
county, with 35-50 per square yard. Wheat practically destroyed in some 
fields. Heliothis zea averaged 1-3 per head in grain sorghum fields surveyed 
in Finney, Haskell and Meade Counties. Some fields sprayed, others may be, 
(DePew). 


NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in southwest part of State showed high populations of 
BLACK BLISTER BEETLE in many alfalfa fields. Webbing of FALL WEBWORM 
noticeable on shade and fruit trees at scattered locations. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


% ay ne 


PLANT PEST CONTROL. DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents . 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 September 19, 1958 Number 38 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS remained a problem in many areas of New Mexico. (p. 811). 
Threatening to severe in several localized areas of southwestern Kansas. (p. 815). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER severe in grain sorghum in Westmoreland County, Virginia. 
Gays Salad) 


CABBAGE LOOPER serious on cabbage in areas of Oregon. (p. 816). 

FLEAS BEETLES damaging potatoes in several states. (p. 817). 

ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM caused heavy defoliation of woodlands in Connecticut. 

(p. 819). New outbreak of FIR ENGRAVER on 5,000 acres of white fir in New Mexico. 
(Gaia | teDHE)) a 

ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 815). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 823). 


FIC IG 2 2 ic > 2 2c ic 3g 2 2c ie 2k 2 aK ke 2 2 2 KC 2g 2K AK 2c 2k 2 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 12, unless otherwise 
designated. 


810 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
MID-SEPTEMBER TO MID-OCTOBER 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-September to mid-October 
calls for temperatures to average above Seasonal normals over the southeastern 
quarter of the nation, Texas and in the area from the Ohio Valley eastward 
through the Middle Atlantic States. Near normal temperatures are indicated for 
New England and states bordering the eastern Great Lakes. Over the western 
half of the country below normal temperatures are anticipated, except for above 
normal along the West Coast. This country-wide temperature pattern marks a _. 
reversal from that of the past 30 days when unseasonably cold weather dominated 
the East and warm weather the West. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal 
over most of the area lying between the Appalachians and the Continental Divide. 
Subnormal amounts are expected over the Southeast and far Southwest. Otherwise, 
about normal precipitation is indicated. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day ''Resume and 
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe 
through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, 
$2.40 a half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 15 


This week, although pleasant and sunny over much of the Nation, managed to 
produce some unseasonable temperature extremes, ranging from record lows for 

so early in the season of 49° at Chattanooga, Tennessee and 35.9° at Hartford, 
Connecuticut, to a record high for so late in the season of 97° at Glasgow, 
Montana. Temperatures averaged below normal from the Mississippi Valley 
eastward and above normal to the west, except for interior California and parts 
of southern Oregon and western Nevada. For the most part precipitation amounts 
were generally under + inch, except in sections of the Mississippi Valley and 
the southern tier of states from Arizona eastward. Tropical.storm Fifi, early 
last Tuesday was 560 miles south-southwest of Bermuda. This storm finally curved 
out over the Atlantic without affecting the United States. Another tropical 
storm, Gerda, developed in the Caribbean, passed Puerto Rico the night of the 
13th, and after crossing the western tip of Haiti on the 15th diminished in 
activity. Unseasonably warm temperatures prevailed over the northern Rocky 
Mountain States until cool air, spilling out of Canada, first brought tempera- 
tures typical of mid-October to the upper Mississippi and Ohio Valleys and the 
Great Lakes region by mid-week and later to some other sections of the country. 
Showers and thunderstorms developed along the boundary of cool and warm air as 
it pushed southeastward. On the 10th, 5.20 inches of precipitation fell at 
Mountain View, Arkansas, on the 12th, 4.37 inches at Franklinton, Louisiana, 
and on the 13th, 4.00 inches at Key West, Florida. Clear skies resulted in 
dense morning fog in the upper Ohio Valley and along the western side of the 
Appalachians ahead of the front on the 9th. During the week, temperatures 

near freezing were reported in most States from West Virginia northward and some 
frost occurred, particularily in low-lying susceptible places. Freezing 
temperatures were reported in the cranberry bogs of New Jersey on the 12th and 
T3ith. 


Temperatures of 100° or higher were reported from Pierre, South Dakota on the 
8th, and in the southwestern desert nearly every day. However, higher pressure 
pushing into the West resulted in considerable cooling after midweek and even 
the desert regions of the Far Southwest were affected,with temperatures failing 
to warm up to the 100° mark on the afternoon of the 13th and minima the next 
morning dropping generally to the 50's and 60's with near freezing in parts of 
Arizona. This high pressure produced fair weather in the West by the 14th. 


Weather of the Week continued on page 822. 


811 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Several species caused moderate damage to grain 
sorghum in Chambers County. (Barwood). NORTH DAKOTA - Completed adult survey 
shows non-economic levels over most of State. Threatening in northeastern 
Divide, northwestern Burke and south central Bowman Counties. Dominant 
species is Melanoplus bivittatus, with M. bilituratus and M. femur-rubrum 


following in about equal numbers. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). TEXAS - Several species 
attacked fall-sown wheat in Moore County. (Garner). UTAH - M. femur-rubrum 
remained locally numerous in some grassy fields and roadsides in Wayne, Sevier 
and Cache Counties. Non-economic in many localities. Some egg-laying occurred. 
(Knowlton). COLORADO - M. bilituratus dominant species. Second-generation 


nymphs averaged 15-25 per square yard on rangeland and adults 10-30 in 

14 counties in eastern half of State. (ARS, Ext. Serv.). NEW MEXICO - Remained 
a problem in many areas of State. Caused minor damage to sorghum heads, tips 
of corn ears and alfalfa in Maxwell-Springer area, Colfax County, destroyed 
young grain stands along margins of wheat fields near Mosquero, Harding 

County. Replanting necessary in some areas. Control being applied near Cerro, 
Taos County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Severe in grain sorghum 
in Westmoreland County, with approximately 90 percent of stalks beginning to 
break at point of entry. (Ptucha). ALABAMA - Moderate on grain sorghum in 
northern part of State. (Grimes). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation averaged 53 
percent in northeast district with 108 first to fifth-instar larvae per 100 
plants and 65 percent in north central district with 151 fourth and fifth-_ 
instar larvae per 100 plants. (Klix, Hantsbarger). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Larvae light on pods of late soybeans 
in Dorcester and Worcester Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - 
Decreased in field corn throughout State, but small larvae became noticeable 

in alfalfa and soybeans. (MacCreary, Conrad). ALABAMA - Moderate to heavy. 
infestations caused serious damage to grain sorghum in central and northern 
parts of the State. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - In milo, averaged 1-7 per head in 
McClain and Garvin Counties (VanCleave, Pennington) , 1-4 per head in Bryan 
County (VanCleave, Vick) and 1-7 per head in Carter County, with almost 

100 percent of corn ears infested. Early maturing corn severely damaged by 
side entry. (Arbuthnot). Averaged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and 


Garvin Counties. (VanCleave, Pennington). IDAHO - Infestation of late- 
maturing sweet and field corn ears approaching 100 percent in Canyon County, 
with 2-3 larvae per ear common. (Waters). UTAH - Moderate in Wayne County 


corn, heavier in Sevier County. All field corn examined infested. (Knowlton). 
COLORADO - Infested 50 percent of ears in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and 
Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Heavy, nearly 100 percent 
infestation, in early-planted corn but much less in later plantings, near 
Maxwell, Springer and Farley, Colfax County, and 80-90 percent at Moriarty 
and Estancia, Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - COLORADO - Infested 50 percent of corn 
ears in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). 
DELAWARE - Continued to feed commonly in fields of late field corn throughout 
State. Caused extensive damage to very late field corn in eastern Kent 
County. (MacCreary, Conrad). TEXAS - Damaged Bermuda and Dallisgrass pastures 
in Montgomery, Harris and Brazos Counties. (Garner) 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - In milo, averaged 2-3 per 
head in Garvin County, 10-35 in Bryan County and 4-5 in Carter County. 
(VanCleave, et al.). TEXAS - Heavy on late grain sorghums in river bottoms 
of Kaufman County. (Hawkins). ALABAMA - Light on grain sorghum in central 
and northern areas. (Grimes). 


812 


CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) - TEXAS - Caused some damage to 
leaves of grain sorghum in Floyd County. (Hawkins). 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - CALIFORNIA - Damaged corn at Soledad, 
Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - TEXAS - Survey of 24 
fields in 15 high plains area counties Showed infestation to range 58-100 
percent. (Hawkins). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-25 per milo 
stalk in Grady and Garvin Counties (VanCleave, Pennington) and the same in 
Jefferson County and 100-200 per stalk in Carter County (Howell). UTAH - 
Generally low on corn. Some damage at Sigurd, Sevier County. (Knowlton). 


SPIDER MITES - COLORADO - Tetranychus telarius damage to corn increased in 
Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Caused 
heavy damage to leaves of grain sorghum in Parmer County. (Hawkins). 

UTAH - Damage severe in a few Sevier County corn fields in Salina and Richfield 
areas. (Knowlton). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 30-40 per flowering 
head in late sorghums in Payne County. (Howell). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300 per 400 stalks in 
sorghums in Bryan, Pontotoc, Garvin and Payne Counties and 2 per 10 sweeps in 
alfalfa in Garvin County. (VanCleave, Pennington). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Continued to damage grain 
sorghum fields in Quay County. Appeared to be decreasing. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (MacroSiphum granarium) - UTAH - Light on late spring 
grains at Fremont and Loa, Wayne County. (Knowlton). 


WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - IDAHO - Very abundant on late-planted 
grain growing in roadways on University Agronomy Farm. Symptoms of wheat 
streak mosaic very apparent in these plantings. (Manis). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and 
seriously damaged alfalfa in Yuba City area of Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 
OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and Garvin Counties 
and 1-2 in Murray County. (VanCleave, Pennington). UTAH - Common, but 

rarely economically injurious. (Knowlton). 


ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Larvae averaged one 
per 20 sweeps in alfalfa in northeast, north central and east central areas. 
(Klix, Hantsbarger). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Small larvae common in 
alfalfa and noticeable on Soybeans throughout most of State. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). OKALHOMA - Averaged 5-20 per 10 sweeps in Garvin County alfalfa. 
(VanCleave, Pennington). NEBRASKA - Moderate to heavy, 22-40 per 100 sweeps, 
in alfalfa in southeast portion of State. (Andersen). 


LESPEDEZA WEBWORM (Tetralopha scortealis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation in 
220 acres of serica leSpedeza with damage up to severe in 100 acres. (Williford, 
Rabb) . 


WEBWORMS - UTAH - Extremely numerous over more than 100 acres of range at 
Bicknell, Wayne County. Invaded alfalfa and potato fields. (Knowlton). 
NEW MEXICO - Loxostege sp. extremely large numbers caused damage at Santa 


313 


Fe, Santa Fe County. Severe and damaged wheat at House, Quay County. Damaged 
flowers, shrubs and trees in Quay, Torrance and Otero Counties. (N. M. Coop.Rpt.). 
NEBRASKA - Averaged 20 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in southeast portion of State. 
(Andersen) . 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - WYOMING - Averaged 2-3 larvae and 2-3 adults 
per 25 sweeps in many Lincoln County fields. (Davison). UTAH - Larvae more 
common than usual for this time of year in Sevier, Wayne and Sanpete County 
alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). 


LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - WYOMING - Caused a trace of 
damage in red clover near Thayne, Lincoln County. (Davison). 


BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - CALIFORNIA - Light ‘on alfalfa 
in Santee, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - VIRGINIA - Light in soybeans in 
eastern part of State, not a threat to yield. (Morris). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - VIRGINIA - Light 
in soybeans in eastern part of State, not a threat to yield. (Morris). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Heavy in most alfalfa and clover 
fields throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Generally light 
in alfalfa throughout most of State. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). WYOMING - Variable 
in western part of State. Averaged 750-800 per 100 sweeps in some fields 

and as low as 50-100 in other fields. (Davison). MASSACHUSETTS - Increased 
from approximately 2 to approximately 15 per sweep in southwestern part of 
State. (Lavigne, Shaw). UTAH - Caused moderate damage to alfalfa in some 
Sevier and Sanpete County fields. Generally moderate to light in Wayne, 
Sevier, Sanpete, Utah, Juab and Salt Lake County alfalfa fields examined. 
(Knowlton). COLORADO - Averaged 200-250 per 100 sweeps in alfalfa in Prowers, 
Bent, Otero, Crowley, Pueblo, Larimer and Weld Counties. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 2). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - COLORADO - Averaged 400-600 
per 100 sweeps in Prowers, Bent, Otero, Crowley and Pueblo Counties. Counts 
reduced by predators and controls in Mesa, Montrose, Garfield and Delta 
Counties, with 20-300 per 100 sweeps. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - Moderately 
heavy in several alfalfa fields in Socorro and San Juan Counties. (N. M. 
Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Medium in Chualar area, Monterey County. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - In alfalfa, averaged 100-700 per 10 sweeps in Grady 
and Garvin Counties and 50-100 in Murray County (VanCleave, Pennington) 

and 200-300 in Bryan County (VanCleave, Vick). TEXAS - Light to medium in 
Hale County alfalfa. (Hawkins). UTAH - Migration now as far north as Salt 
Lake, Tooele and Carbon Counties. Specimens mostly winged in more northern 
collections. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - Continued to spread north and eastward. 
Few numbers present at North Platte, Lincoln County, and as far east as 
Thayer County. Heaviest in Republican Valley area south of McCook, Red Willow 
County. Ranged up to 200 per sweep in this area. (Hill, Howe). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged one adult and 12 nymphs per 
sweep in Socorro County alfalfa fields. Averaged 2 per sweep in alfalfa 

fields around Los Lunas, Valencia County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - 

L. lineolaris adults and nymphs averaged 2 per sweep on alfalfa at Ellicott 
City, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs and adults 
averaged 24 per 20 sweeps on alfalfa in north central and northeast areas, 

with up to 75 per 20 sweeps in one locality in Roberts County. In east central 
area averaged 31 nymphs and adults per 20 sweeps. (Klix, Hantsbarger). 

WYOMING - Averaged 24 per 25 sweeps in Lincoln County red clover and 6-18 per 
25 sweeps in seed alfalfa in Riverton area of Fremont County. (Davison). 

UTAH - Numerous in some alfalfa fields in Juab, Sevier and Wayne Counties. Light 
on potatoes in Wayne County. (Knowlton). NEBRASKA - L. lineolaris heavy in those 
alfalfa fields left for seed in southeast area. Ranged 26-55 per 100 sweeps. 
(Andersen) . 


814 


Potential Spittlebug Situation 
for Spring 1959 in Illinois 


Moderate 
to 


Severe 


Light 


Non- 
economic 


Adults per sweep rw 
Upper figure - County average, ta 


Lower figure - Highest field 
average 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 
6 per sweep on alfalfa at Ellicott City. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


PLANT BUGS - MARYLAND - Adelphocoris rapidus adults averaged 2 per 10 sweeps 
on alfalfa at Ellicott City, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). ; 
NEBRASKA - A. lineolatus counts ranged 15-25 per 100 sweeps and A. rapidus 
5-20 per 100 sweeps on alfalfa in southeast portion of State. (Andersen). 


CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Averaged 
19 per 20 sweeps on northeast area alfalfa, 28 in north central and 17 in 
east central areas. (Klix, Hantsbarger). UTAH - Aceratagallia sp. common 
in alfalfa fields in Wayne, Sevier and Utah Counties. (Knowlton). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - MASSACHUSETTS - Exceptionally light, 
averaged 5-15 per 100 sweeps. (Lavigne, Shaw). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - LOUISIANA - Total of 
141 adults and 18 nymphs taken in 100 sweeps in soybeans, St. Landry Parish. 
(Spink). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 6-8 per 10 sweeps in Bryan County alfalfa 
(VanCleave, Vick), 4-6 in Murray County (VanCleave, Pennington). TEXAS - 
Averaged 2 per sweep in Hale County alfalfa. (Hawkins). 


A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - ALABAMA - Caused severe damage 
to St. Augustine grass lawns in Montgomery County. (Blackwell). 


815 


CUTWORMS - NEVADA - Heavy in clover and dichondra lawns in Las Vegas, Clark 
County. (Zoller, Sept. 5). 


NORTHERN MASKED CHAFER (Cyclocephala borealis) - MARYLAND - Larvae active in 
turf at Lanham, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


WHITE FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - ALABAMA - Inspections were made of 
110 nurseries and 2,476 other properties in 40 counties with 2,345 acres 

being found infested, all in vicinity or adjacent to already known infestations. 
(Owen). 


SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - ALABAMA - Soil samples were 
taken from 125 properties comprising 3,084 acres in 6 Southwest counties. 
Visual inspections for plant symptoms were made on 122 properties in same 
area comprising 3,691 acres. Results were negative. (Owen). 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


KANSAS - GRASSHOPPERS threatening to severe in several localized areas in some 
southwestern counties. Heaviest in heavy volunteer wheat areas in Meade, 
Haskell and Seward Counties, with up to 30 per square yard. Predominantly 
Melanoplus bilituratus and about 75 percent adults. Scattering from volunteer 
fields and moving generally over wheat and grain sorghum fields. Baiting and 
Spraying in progress. Lower, generally 5-10 per square yard, in west central 
and northwestern counties. (Gates). Non-economic to light in localized 

areas in Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Waubansee, Riley and Geary Counties, with up 
to 6 per square yard. M. bilituratus and M. femur-rubrum dominant species. 
The former species generally third and fourth-instar nymphs. (Matthew). 

CORN EARWORM in grain sorghum heads in most fields examined. Counts in east 
central counties low, generally non-economic to light. Averaged 1-2 per 
infested head with about 20 percent plant infestation. (Matthew). Larvae in 
most grain sorghum fields examined in southwestern counties, however larval 
‘counts and plant infestation low. Limited amount of spraying in progress in 
some areas. (Gates). Infestations requiring control found in localized 

areas in a few grain sorghum fields in Riley County. Heavier infested fields 
with 1-8 larvae per infested head. Infestation levels up to 80 percent. 
Generally, counts much lower. (Burkhardt). SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found in 
nearly all alfalfa fields examined in Kansas River Valley in Pottawatomie, 
Shawnee, Wabaunsee and Riley Counties, with 80-600 per 100 sweeps. About 

30 percent winged adults. PEA APHID in Kansas River Valley alfalfa fields 
ranged to highs of 65 per sweep in Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Wabaunsee, Riley 
and Geary Counties. (Matthew). 


816 


FRUIT INSECTS 


ORCHARD MITES - CALIFORNIA - Tetranychus telarius heavy on walnuts in Arlington, 
Riverside County, and Panonychus ulmi heavy on plum trees in Santa Cruz County. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Most adults of Tetranychus spp. have left 
foliage and moved to bases of trees in Bernalillo, Sandoval, San Juan, Rio Arriba 
and Taos Counties. Bryobia praetiosa complex eggs numerous on branches in many 


orchards in Bernalillo, Sandoval and Rio Arriba Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
COLORADO - T. telarius defoliated trees in Larimer County. (Ext. Serv., Sept. 2). 
Vasates cornutus Silvering leaves, many orchards. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 2). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - NEW MEXICO - Culls due to infested apples 
running 1-30 percent at packing shed in Albuquerque and Fairview. Poorly 
treated orchards often 90-100 percent infested. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). MARYLAND - 
Late-brood damage to apples at Frederick. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


CATFACING INSECTS - NEW MEXICO - Losses due to these insects greater this season 
than for years on peaches in San Juan, Rio Arriba and Taos Counties. Also damaged 
pears and apples to a lesser extent. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation on peaches 
in Riverside, Riverside County. Atkinson, U. C. Exp. Sta.). 


GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - VIRGINIA - Larvae very heavy and have 
about destroyed leaves of grape vines in Toano, James City County. (Morris, 
Bryant). 


APHIDS - UTAH - Pecans at St. George, Santa Clara, Hurricane area heavily in- 
fested with Monellia caryae, M. nigropunctata and M. costalis. Black walnut 
trees at Mapleton and Provo severely infested by M. nigropunctata this summer, 
with M. californica and M. caryae involved. Chromaphis juglandicola damaged 
walnuts at Moab and Logan. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Melanocallis caryefoliae 
defoliating pecan trees in Gonzales County. (Garner). ARIZONA - Generally 
heavy on pecan trees to extent that entire leaves are thickly coated with honey- 


dew. (Woodruff). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy losses 

in at least one orchard near Albuquerque. Losses estimated at more than one-third 
of crop. Other orchards in southern Bernalillo County affected to a lesser extent. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Infestations on apple averaged one larva per leaf 
whorl in Delta County. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 2). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - CALIFORNIA - Spotted infestations in 
eastern part of Calaveras County. Damaging walnuts on trees by entering the husk 
from the stem and eating out the husk lining, leaving the husk to dry. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). 


MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - ALABAMA - Twenty traps operated 
in Baldwin and Mobile Counties during the month. Results negative. (Grimes). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OREGON - Continued serious on cabbage plantings 
in Washington, Marien and Multnomah Counties. Populations exceeded those noted 

in past several years. All larval stages present in fields week of September 7. 
(Every). DELAWARE - Larval feeding common on cole crops throughout State. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Larvae moderate on lettuce near Alameda, 
Bernalillo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Eggs and young larvae heavy 

on lettuce in Deaf Smith and Floyd Counties. (Hawkins). 


817 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris: rapae) - DELAWARE - Decreased in most cases 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). CALIFORNIA - Medium and damaged broccoli 
in Guadalupe area of Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) 


CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on lettuce in the 
Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - OREGON - Built up on cauliflower and 
broccoli in Washington, Marion and Multnomah Counties. (Every, Sept. 7). 
CALIFORNIA - Adults medium in Salinas area of Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - COLORADO - Averaged 150-250 
per 100 sweeps on turnips. Incidence of aster yellows 50-75 percent at LaPorte, 
Larimer County. (Exp. Sta.). 


SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) - TEXAS - Caused some damage to squash plants in 
Floyd County. ( Hawkins). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Rather heavy feeding by 
small larvae in pepper fruits and late potatoes throughout State. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) - COLORADO - Averaged 1.2 larvae per 100 leaves on 
tomatoes in Bent, Crowley, Otero and Pueblo Counties. (Exp. Sta.). NEW MEXICO - 
Defoliated tomato plants in several fields in Albuquerque area, Bernalillo County. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). TEXAS - Damaged tomato plants in Floyd County and caused 
light damage to potato plants in Deaf Smith County. (Hawkins). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - COLORADO - Eggs per 100 tomato leaves increased 
from 0.6 to 0.7, August 30 to September 6, in Bent, Crowley, Otero and Pueblo 
Counties. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Medium to heavy on tomatoes in Floyd and Deaf 
Smith Counties. (Hawkins). 


SOUTHERN ARMYWORM (Prodenia eridania) - FLORIDA - Larvae caused concern in 
tomato producing areas near Homestead, Dade County. (Ellas ‘Coop. Suxs)s 


BLISTER BEETLES - FLORIDA - Averaged 1-15 per plant on 30 acres of eggplant 
inspected, Alachua County. Det. W. P. Hunter. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


FLEA BEETLES - VIRGINIA - Numerous on cole crops and peppers on Eastern Shore. 
(Hofmaster). UTAH - Caused moderate damage to potatoes and rhubarb at Nephi, 
Juab County. (Knowlton). TEXAS - Epitrix cucumeris caused heavy damage to 
potato tubers in Deaf Smith County. (Hawkins). NEVADA - Flea beetle reported 
in CEIR 8(35) : 762 determined as E. hirtipennis by L. G. Gentner. Caused 
localized, heavy damage to potato foliage in Mason Valley, Lyon County, and 
tuber damage in Smith and Mason Valleys. (Batchelder, Sept. 5). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on crucifers and potatoes 
in Salinas area and heavy on potatoes in Streckels area, both in Monterey County. 
(Caley Coops Rpt)» 


POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii) - COLORADO - Populations of this species 
and Myzus sp. on potatoes reduced by predation and migrations from maturing plants 
in Weld, Montrose and Garfield Counties. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Generally low to 
moderate this season. (Knowlton). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Moderate on potatoes.at Nephi 
and Springville. Numbers fewer at Fremont. Taken on rabbitbrush at Elsinore 
and Salina. (Knowlton). COLORADO - Averaged one per 100 sweeps and one per 
100 leaves on Weld County potatoes. (Expr. Sitay ye Septy -12)). 


818 


WHITEFLIES - TEXAS - Heavy on Deaf Smith County potatoes. Damage not apparent. 
(Hawkins) . 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Small larvae common in certain 
fields of snap and lima beans in Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


LESSER CORNSTALK BORER (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on string 
beans in San Diego, San Diego County. (CalgmCoop. Rpt.).. 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - FLORIDA - Averaged 1-10 per plant 
in 100 acres of beans inspected, Alachua County. Det. W. P. Hunter. (Fla. 
Goopr Sur.) 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on beans at 
San Jose, Santa Clara County. Calpe CoopmRpitps 


ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Larvae heavy on asparagus 
ferns throughout most of State, adults common. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris duodecimpunctata) - DELAWARE - Common to 


prevalent on asparagus ferns in the State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - ALABAMA - No new infestations 
found during August, with 21 additional p. properties released from regulation. 
(Owen) . 


STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - OREGON - Appeared low for this 
time of year in northern Willamette Valley counties. (Every). 


A STRAWBERRY LEAF BEETLE (Paria sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Lightly injured 20 acres 
of strawberries; 10 acres moderately and 4 acre severely defoliated in Caldwell 
County. (Scott, Farrier). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - LOUISIANA - Infestation averaged 14 percent 

in Ouachita Parish and 16 percent in some Tensas Parish fields and 3-20 percent 

in 7 other fields. Most cotton is about finished. (Spink). TENNESSEE - Migrated 
to areas not previously infested this season. Square counts of little or no 

value because of scarcity of squares. Considerable small boll injury in southern 
counties. (Locke). OKLAHOMA - Square infestation ranged 10-25 percent in Bryan 


County. (VanCleave, Vick). Infestation in squares and young bolls ranged 50-70 
percent in Jefferson and Grady Counties. (Pennington). ALABAMA - Light to 
medium on irrigated cotton in Limestone County. (Grimes). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - LOUISIANA - Infestation averaged 14 percent 

in Ouachita Parish and one percent in some fields in Tensas Parish. Eggs averaged 
5-25 per 100 squares and terminals in Tensas Parish, with very few larvae present. 
(Spink). TENNESSEE - Moths continued active in most fields, with egg laying in 
rank fields. All larval stages present. (Locke). OKLAHOMA - Boll damage 
averaged 2-4 percent in Grady County. (Pennington). ALABAMA - Large numbers 

of eggs on irrigated cotton in Limestone County, with as many 4-5 on some plants 
and over 50 percent of plants infested. (Grimes). 


819 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - One larva found in a lint 
cleaner in Garvin County. (Pennington). ALABAMA - During August, bloom, boll, 
lint cleaner and gin trash inspections made at 58 locations in 12 counties 
representing some 59,358 acres were negative. (Owen). 


CABBAGE LOPPER (Trichoplusia ni) - OKLAHOMA - One to two larvae per stalk ragging 
leaves in Bryan County. (VanCleave, Vick). ARIZONA - Increased in most cotton 
fields throughout Gila Valley, Graham County. (Woodruff). 


COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurberiella) - ARIZONA - Increased slightly 
in Graham County. (Woodruff). 


APHIDS - TENNESSEE - Increased in rank fields. Control needed in many fields 
to prevent loss in grade due to honeydew secretions in open cotton. (Locke) . 
ALABAMA - Aphis gossypii caused moderate damage to cotton in northern part of 
State. (Grimes). 


SPIDER MITES - TENNESSEE - Decreased, with more predatory insects being found. 
Some fields lost middle and top crop due to complete defoliation caused by this 
pest. (Locke). ALABAMA - Defoliated untreated cotton in northern part of State, 
with over 100 adults and nymphs per square inch in some areas. (Grimes). 


WHITEFLIES - NEVADA - Light in several cotton fields in Pahrump Valley, Nye 
County, and Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Lauderdale, Sept. 5). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - CONNECTICUT - An airplane survey 
disclosed heavy defoliation of woodlands in the Connecticut River Valley and in 
the southeastern two-thirds of the State. Damage is by far the worst on record. 
(Caoper). NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation on oak in Caldwell County. (Scott, 
Farrier). 


GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - CONNECTICUT - A survey indicated only one small 
area of woodlands in towns of Southington and Wolcott defoliated as much as 50 
percent. Some 9,000 acres were treated in Bristol, Burlington, Wolcott and 
Plymouth. Damage was most severe in past several years. (Cooper, Sept. 1). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating poplars all along the 
Rio Grande River. Lighter feeding on shade trees in Albuquerque, Espanola, 
Santa Fe and Taos. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - About 10 percent damage to 
pecan trees infested in Grady County. (WanCleave, Pennington). 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - NEW MEXICO - Increase in number of 
acres partially defoliated in northern area from 80,000 acres in 1957 to 220,000 
acres in 1958. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ventralis) - NEW MEXICO - New outbreak found in Lincoln 
National Forest. Heavy infestation on 5,000 acres of white fir. Considerable 
damage to white fir on Sandia Mountains. CNS ME Coop. Rpti.). 


BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - NEVADA - Cutting operations on ponderosa pine 
infested with Dendroctonus monticola, D. brevicomis and D. valens in Crystal Bay 
area of Lake Tahoe were suspended July 9 because of heavy adult movement. Of the 
6,900 originally marked trees, 6,100 were removed at a cost of $40,000. It is 
estimated that about 2,000 trees will be removed in 1959. (Zappettini, Sept. 5). 


820 


CALIFORNIA - Heavy on pines in El Cajon, San Diego County, light in Fresno. 

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - The association of Ips spp. and Dendroctonus spp. 
has decreased from 1,000,000 acres damaged in 1957 to about 200,000 acres in 1958. 
D. pseudotsugae decreased from 700,000 damaged acres in 1957 to 500,000 acres in 


1958. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


LEAF MINERS - WYOMING - Damage by Liriomyza sp. to cottonwood and aspen trees in 
western area. Zeugophora sp. moderately damaged cottonwood trees in Sweetwater 
County. (Davison). 


APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Monellia caryae greatly increased in numbers, now averaging 
10-15 per leaf in Payne and Grady Counties on pecans. (Bieberdorf, VanCleave). 
UTAH - Chaitophorus populicola heavily infested poplar in many areas. (Knowlton) 


SAWFLIES - MINNESOTA - Neodiprion lecontei feeding on jack pine in Pine City, 

St. Cloud and Brainerd area. A 40-acre stand treated in St. Cloud area. Diprion 
similis feeding in Brainerd area but infestation appears less severe than in 
previous years. The aerial survey for Pristiphora erichsonii defoliation completed. 
Infestation appears to have expanded. Areas of heavy defoliation have increased 
and show a movement westward. (Flaskerd). 


PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - NEVADA - The eriophyid mite on ash in 
Washoe County reported in CEIR 8(35) : 768 has been determined by H. H. Keifer 
as the above species. (Bechtel, Sept. 5). 


A HACKBERRY EMPRESS (Asterocampa celtis) - KANSAS - Third generation hatched 
in east central area. This pest has caused more than the usual amount of injury 
this year. (Thompson). 


WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - DELAWARE - Larvae common 
on elms in Kent County and sycamores in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation of adults 
on elm in Parkston vicinity of Hutchinson County. (Kiix, Hantsbarger). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - NEVADA - Pupation of present brood 
in progress in west central area. (Bechtel et al.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on elms 
in Pleasant Hill, Contra Costa County. (Cale Coop. Rpt.) 2 — ULAHS— Seraousman 
Salt Lake and Weber Counties. (Knowlton). 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) - DELAWARE - Very heavy on red cedar in 
areas of Kent and Sussex Counties. Prevalent on honeylocust in central Kent 
County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Damaging evergreens in Radford, 
Montgomery County. (Rowell). 


A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on willow and roses in 
Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - VIRGINIA - Heavy on mimosa.in Blacksburg. 
(Rowell). 


SCALE INSECTS - CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus camelliae medium infestations on maples 
in Salinas, Monterey County, and almond trees in Soledad area of Monterey County. 
Pinnaspis aspidistrae heavy on aspidistra in San Diego. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 
VIRGINIA - Unaspis euonymi heavy on euonymus in Prince William, Surrey and 
Fauquier Counties. (Rowell, Cox, Smith). 


A CHERMID (Chermes sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations on Colorado blue spruce 
around Raton, Colfax County. Galls very conspicuous. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


821 


PRIVET MITE (Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu)* - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations 
on a succulent (Ceropegia sp.) and another plant species in Botanical Gardens 
of University of California, Berkeley. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - UTAH - Damaging lilac foliage and 
flowers at Salt Lake. Many still active in various parts of State. Found 
for first time in Wayne County, at Fremont. (Knowlton) . 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


SCREW-WORMS (Callitroga spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Callitroga sp. is a serious problem 
on recently branded calves in Harding, Union and Colfax Counties. Few infesta- 
tions in sheep in Guadalupe County. Has been a minor problem on horses in Otero 
County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). ALABAMA - Two cases of C. hominivorax in Elmore 
County. This is first positive record for year. Sterile screw-worm flies being 
released. (Grimes, Lauderdale). 


MOSQUITOES - IDAHO - Severe and rather general infestation around dwellings in 
Twin Falls. (Gibson). Culex sp. continues to be a nuisance in Moscow. (Barr). 
UTAH - Mosquitoes, largely Aedes spp., numerous and annoying in several areas 

of Cache County. (Knowlton). NORTH CAROLINA - Large numbers of Aedes sollicitans 
emerged September 2 after heavy coastal rains along entire coast. (Ashton). 
ALABAMA - Culex quingquefasciatus prevalent in and around homes in Lee County. 
(Grimes). 


SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - VIRGINIA - On lambs from Augusta County. (Turner, 
Morgan). UTAH - Numerous on sheep examined in Wayne County. (Hall, Knowlton). 


BLOODSUCKING CONENOSE (Triatoma sanguisuga) - TEXAS - Invading homes in Hill 
County. (Hawkins). 


SAND FLIES (Culicoides spp.) - MARYLAND - Annoying humans at Waldorf. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ALABAMA - Four repeat inspections of 
warehouses in Mobile County were negative. (Owen). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Lady beetles, in alfalfa, averaged 5-15 per 10 sweeps 

in Grady and Garvin Counties, 10-15 in Bryan County and 6-8 in Murray County. 

In milo, averaged 1-3 per head in McClain County. (VanCleave, Pennington, 

Vick). Lacewings averaged 6-10 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa in Grady and Garvin 
Counties and 4-6 in Bryan County. (VanCleave, Pennington). SOUTH DAKOTA - 

Orius insidiosus averaged 14 per 20 sweeps on alfalfa in northeast, north central 
and east central districts. (Klix, Hantsbarger). UTAH - Lady beetles largely 
eliminated severe aphid attack on black walnut foliage in Provo area. Some 
Chrysopa sp., minute pirate bugs and syrphid larvae also helped. (Knowlton). 


* Pritchard, A. E. and Baker, E. W. 1958. False spider mites (Tenuipalpidae). 
Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent. 14(3) :231. 


822 


A BRACONID (Praon palitans) - NEW MEXICO - Appears to be spreading very 
effectively, being found in 22 of the 32 counties in the State. (N. M. Coop. 
Rpite'. 


A WEEVIL (Apion ulicis) - OREGON - Released at 4 sites in Curry and Lane Counties 
along coast since 1955 to aid in control of gorse. Increased many fold at 2 
original release sites near Bandon, Coos County. (Capizzi). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - ALABAMA - An estimated 
4,000 acres infested in the vicinity of Camp Rucker, Dale County. (Owen) . 


A FAN PALM MOTH (Litoprosopus coachella) - CALIFORNIA - Continues as a nuisance 
damaging household and office materials in Riverside County, also clothes in 
homes in San Jose, Santa Clara County and Stockton, San Joaquin County. (Cal. 
Goop, Rpt.) 


ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - DELAWARE - Prevalent in a Kent 
County alfalfa field and common on corn, soybeans and most vegetable crops 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). MARYLAND - Coming to lights and entering 
houses in Prince Georges, Charles and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy populations on oak in southern area. Annoying at night 
gatherings such as ball games. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). VIRGINIA - Heavy and causing 
concern in a manufacturing plant in Charlottsville, heavy around homes in Culpeper 
County, entering houses in Lancaster County and in large numbers on tobacco in 
Lunenburg County. (Rowell, et al.). Found around dwellings in Westmoreland 

and Amherst Counties. (Morris, Ptucha, Wilkins). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - WEST VIRGINIA - Survey for 1958 showed 
infestations lighter in panhandle and new infestations in Pocahontas, Monroe, 
Jackson, Greenbrier and Mason Counties. Found in Nicholas County for first time 
this year. Populations increased in Summers, Mercer, Clay and Kanawha Counties. 
@We Was ins. Surk) % 


A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus) - OREGON - In extremely large 
flights in Marion County week of September 7. (Capizzi). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEVADA - Heavy migrations in west central and 
northwestern areas of State. (Coop. Rpt., Sept. 5). 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 15 - Continued 


But as this cool air spread over the Great Plains it met warm, moisture bearing 
winds along a line from Texas to the Great Lakes region, resulting in showers 
and some heavy rainfalls. In advance of this line of showers and over the major 
portion of the remainder of the Nation, Sunny, autumn weather was experienced 
over the weekend. However, waterspouts and funnel clouds were reported off the 
northwest coast of Florida and south of Galveston, Texas on the 14th. Earlier 
in the week waterspouts were sighted near Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Hail during 
the week was reported in parts of Idaho, Michigan and Wyoming. (Summary 
supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


823 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


ASPARAGUS FLY (Platyparea poeciloptera Schrank) 


Economic Importance: This tephritid is considered to be one of the three most 
important pests of asparagus in France. Asparagus fly is generally considered 
to occur wherever asparagus iS grown in 
Europe, but environmental conditions in 
certain areas may prevent buildups of 
populations. Damage is most severe in 
young asparagus, two-year-old plantings 
suffering most. The larvae mine the 
stems, causing distortion or death of 
early shoots and later attack the plants 
that are left to develop. Asparagus 
beds that are left uncontrolled in 
England become unproductive. Infested 
older asparagus stems may be recognized 
in late summer by premature yellowing. 
This species has been erroneously 
reported as occurring in the Western 
Hemisphere. 


Distribution: Occurs generally 
throughout the central and southern 
parts of Europe, having been recorded 

in Austria, France, England, Netherlands, 
Germany, Hungary, Poland, Italy, 
Czechoslovakia, Sweden and USSR (Kiev 
Oblast). 


Hosts: Asparagus is the only known 
cultivated host. 


General Distribution of Asparagus Fly 


(Tephritidae, Diptera) No. 58 of Series 


824 


Life History and Habits: Adult emergence from overwintering puparia begins in 
April on the European Continent. The eggs are deposited Singly, about one 

inch from the asparagus tip, 0.5 to 1 mm. deep in the scales. Hatching occurs 
in a few days and the larvae begin to tunnel down the stems feeding on the 
tissues. One shoot may contain upwards of 20 larvae and pupae. The galleries of 
the larvae occasionally go to the roots but never penetrate them. Impeded and 
distorted growth of the stem indicates the presence of the insect. Just before 
pupation, the larva ascends the stem without making a new gallery to just 

above the soil level then excavates a passage to the surface without breaking 
the epidermis. The adult will emerge at this point. Larvae mature in 3 to 4 
weeks and then pupate, head upwards, about 2 to 5 inches below the surface of 
the soil, though sometimes they will pupate above the surface. There is only 
one generation a year, but due to the lengthy period of emergence, newly- 
hatched larvae and pupae may be found at the same time, even in the same stem. 
Asparagus beds that are surrounded by high vegetation are sometimes protected 
from attack, since the females prefer to lay eggs in clean-cultivated asparagus. 


Description: The adult is similar in appearance to the celery fly, Acidia 
heraclei, but is slightly larger, and the black markings on the wings are more 
extensive. The body is almost entirely 
gray; head yellow, face ferruginous, 
palps testaceous, antennae brownish, 
frons chocolate-brown, eyes red. 

Thorax clear gray with three long, 
black longitudinal stripes; Shoulders 
yellowish. Wings are characteristic 
(see illustration). Abdomen black. 
Adult 5-7 mm. long. Eggs white and 
oval, 1.3 mm. long. Mature larva 

7-29 mm. long, yellowish-white in color, 
front segments Slightly tapered with 
two hooks; posterior end flattened 
with brown plate surrounding two 
posterior, forked processes. Pupa 

7-8 mm. long, slightly flattened on one 
side, short anchor-like process at 
posterior end. Color light brown at 
Male first, later becoming darker. (Prepared 
in Plant Pest Survey Section in 
cooperation with other ARS. agencies.) 
CEIR 8(38) 9-19-58 


Female Wing 


Figures (except map) from Dingler, M. 1934. Arb. uber Physiol. u. Angew. 
Ent. 1(€2):131-162. 


825 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. sexta quing. zea vires. 

COLORADO 

Rocky Ford 8/22 ,25-27 ; 25 
FLORIDA 

Monticello 9/3 3 

Quincy 8/26 al 12 
ILLINOIS 

Urbana 9/5-11 22 6 9 17 9 106 
INDI ANA(Counties) 

Orange 9/5-7 a 2 Th 4 1 Lah nal 28 

Tippecanoe 9/4-10 al: 9 27 22 7 al. 1 368 
KANSAS 

Garden City 9/6-10 56 28 116 

Manhattan 9/1-2 14 a 6 
LOUISIANA 

Baton Rouge 9/5-11 45 ton 3 5 206 207 

Shreveport 9/8,11 25 8 10 5 8 160 
MAINE 

Monmouth 9/6-9 8 
MARYLAND 

Fairland 8/29-9/10 14 19 6 4 igh 19 
MISSISSIPPI 

*Stoneville 9/5-11 51 32 76 1 97 17 1 879 3 
NEBRASKA 

Alliance 8/13-9/3 27 34 129 1 6 9 at 

Concord 8/15-9/3 58 32 29 163 

Kearney 8/8-13 10 4 12 17 spp. 52 

Lincoln 8/15-9/3 476 699 106 58 446 

North Platte 8/15-9/4 96 62 9 nas) iyi 8 15 143 9 

Scotts Bluff 8/19-9/1 27 tS USS 5 3 
NORTH CAROLINA 

Clayton 9/5-11 41 13 24 8 1 53 3 

Faison 9/5-11 144 iN} 57 ial Ths} 29 10 
SOUTH CAROLINA 

Charleston 9/8-14 sLatal 44 31 200 91 34 766 9 

Clemson 9/6-12 82 16 Si 6 37 yA 2 30 1 

Florence 8/31-9/13 572 81 264 569 131 8 2197 20 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Blount 9/2-8 40 80 50 4 58 6 Sree 

Cumberland 9/2-8 WY/ 12 5 iL 5 1} iL 23 

Greene 9/2-8 62 20 76 14 18 23 14 74 

Johnson 9/2-8 470 48 60 8 116 1 1 16 

Madison 9/2-8 ils} 8 25 1 21 12 169 

Maury 9/2-8 60 28 56 20 14 Bye ally} 

Robertson 9/2-8 60 44 56 12 8 16 460 
TEXAS 

Waco 9/6-12 61 19 9 223 i 


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ARCH SERVICE 


"PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION — 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 September 26, 1958 Number 39 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER found for first time in four Alabama counties and five 
Louisiana parishes. Percent infestation and larval numbers increased over 
1957 in North Dakota. (p. 829). 


CORN EARWORM moth flights increased in Wisconsin and infestation in corn fields 
high in several New Mexico counties. (p. 829). 


FALL ARMYWORM damaging in several states. (p. 829). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER found for first time in three Louisiana parishes and 
damaging corn and sorghum in areas of New Mexico. (p. 830). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG fall population lower in Ohio than in 1957. (p. 832). 
WALNUT HUSK FLY found for first time in Mariposa County, California. (p. 832). 
TOMATO FRUITWORM egg counts highest in Colorado for past four years. (p. 834). 


A PINE TIP MOTH serious on pine in Texas. (p. 835). ELM LEAF BEETLE heavy 
and damaging in areas of California. (p. 836). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 841). 


FHC I 2 Re ig IC 2 2c Ig 2k ke 2c ag 2 2 ke ag 2 2 2c kc 2 2c 2c fk 2g 2c 2 a 2k 2c 2c ac 2k 2k 2c 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 19, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 828 - 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 22 


The week's weather, highlighted by torrential downpours and damaging floods 
in south central areas and continued abnormally high temperatures along the 
California coast, was about seasonal elsewhere and mostly favorable for 
agricultural operations. Temperatures for the week averaged below normal in 
the Pacific Northwest and the midcontinent area with extreme departures as 
much as -5° in the latterarea. Elsewhere weekly averages were slightly above 
normal, except much above along the California coast where departures ranged 
up to +6° or more. Fluctuations during the week were greatest in the far 
Southwest, particularly in Arizona where frost and freezing occurred above 
7,000 feet in northern areas early in the week, and rising temperatures 
thereafter reached near record highs in the south on the 21st ‘when Gila Bend 
recorded 111° and Yuma 109°. Freezing occurred on several mornings in the 
higher valleys of the northern Rockies, but no serious crop damage was reported. 


Rains on most days in west and central Gulf coastal areas were extremely heavy 
during the weekend when 10 inches or more fell at points in southeastern Texas. 
Weekly totals ranged up to more than 14 inches in southern and eastern Texas 
and 10 inches locally in north and central Mississippi. The frequent rains 
and wet soil halted farm activities, and water covered a considerable acreage 
of crops but it is too early to assess the probable damage. At Beaumont, 
Texas, many persons were forced to evacuate their homes, and at Orange, Texas, 
flood waters rose into many homes and business establishments. In other areas 
east of lines joining Dodge City, Kansas, with Muskegon, Michigan and Del Rio, 
Texas, rainfall generally ranged from 1/2 to 2 inches and was mostly beneficial. 
More rain is still needed in many sections of the middle and lower Atlantic 
Coastal States. Rainfall was again light in the northern Great Plains and 

Far West, except in western Washington where 1 to 2 inches fell and some 

other widely scattered small areas. Some light snow was reported at higher 
elevations in Colorado and Wyoming on the 15th and 16th. (Summary supplied 

by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


= PR) 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN = Survey showed heaviest adult numbers in central 

part of State. In Shawano County, 15 percent of those adults examined contained 
parasitic nematodes. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). NORTH DAKOTA - Injured winter wheat in 
Bowman County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Second-generation Melanoplus 
bilituratus hatched in southwest area where flights occurred in late June and 
early July. Hatch considered light, nymphs in first to fourth instars. Elsewhere 
M. differentialis and M. bivittatus caused considerable damage to winter wheat 
and corn, principally in central and southeast areas. (Klix, Hantsbarger). 
OKLAHOMA - Second-generation M. bilituratus heavy in Beaver County, mostly third 
instar to adult. Damage to sorghum heads and fall-seeded wheat light. (Robinson). 
Averaged 3-6 per square yard in roadsides in Logan and Kingfisher Counties and 
2-3 in Sequoyah, Wagoner, Muskogee, Tulsa, Pawnee and Payne Counties. (Goin). 

UTAH - Moderately numerous in parts of Promontory area, Box Elder County. Some 
damage to recently emerged dry farm wheat. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Caused minor 
damage to grain sorghum heads near Tucumcari, Quay County. Light and damaged 
alfalfa and small grains in Taos County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Adult 
survey Showed an estimated 4,523,000 acres infested by all economic species. 

(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Egg laying ceased, few 
adults still present. GiacCreary, Conrad). ALABAMA - Found for first time in 
Pickens, Green, Perry and Hale Counties. (Grimes). LOUISIANA - New parish 
records for 1958 are Ouachita, Bossier, Caddo, Red River and Natchitoches 
Parishes. (Spink). WISCONSIN - Second-brood larvae chiefly in fourth instar, 
with third and fifth instars observed in about equal numbers in southern part 
of State. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). OHIO - Abundant in ears of late sweet corn at 
Toledo. Mostly fifth-instar larvae. Number Surprising in view of light 
first-brood population. (Triplehorn). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in Cass County 
showed 76 percent infestation, with average of 258 larvae per 100 plants, which 
is an increase in percent of plants infested and number of larvae per plant 
over 1957. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Infestation averaged 61 percent 
with 115 first to fifth-instar larvae per 100 corn plants.in southeast district 
and 58 percent in east central district with 135 first to fifth-instar larvae 
per 100 plants. (Klix, Hantsbarger). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - MARYLAND - Caused light injury to soybean pods 

at Hurlock, Dorchester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Averaged 

1 per 10 sweeps on alfalfa and 1 per 20 sweeps in’ soybeans. Heavy flights noted 
September 16 in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Light to medium 

on peanuts and sorghums in Holland area of Nansemond and Southampton Counties. 
(Boush). ALABAMA - Heavy in late field corn in northern part of the State, 

and large numbers in grain sorghum in same area. (Grimes). WISCONSIN - Moth 
flights increased during week of September 12 as indicated by catches of some 
light traps. Damage to sweet corn ears in Columbia County by this pest exceeded 
that of European corn borer and fall armyworm combined. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 

OHIO - Moderately heavy on late sweet corn at Toledo, with 47 percent infestation 
in untreated check plots. Mostly first and second-instar larvae. Little damage. 
(Triplehorn). OKLAHOMA - In sorghum, averaged 2-5 per head in Wagoner County 
and up to 10 per head in Pushmataha County. Averaged 1-3 per 10 sweeps in 
alfalfa in Sequoyah and Tulsa Counties. (Goin). TEXAS - Light in Brazos County 
grain sorghum. (Randolph). UTAH - Very numerous in field corn examined in 
northern and central areas of State. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Almost 100 percent 
of ears infested in most corn fields in Quay, De Baca, Curry and Roosevelt 
Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Few feeding on Kent County 
soybeans and prevalent in ears of late field corn in New Castle County. Some 


- 830 - 


larvae present in more succulent field corn ears throughout State. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). VIRGINIA - Caused heavy damage to sorghum in some fields in Eastern 
Shore counties. (Hofmaster). ALABAMA - Heavy in late field corn and large 
numbers in grain sorghum in northern areas of State. (Grimes). TEXAS - Damaged 
late grain sorghum in pre-boot stage in Brazos County. (Randolph). 

CALIFORNIA - Heavy on corn in Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Limited numbers 
in corn in northern part of State. (Grimes). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - LOUISIANA - New parish 
records for 1958 are Union, Red River and Natchitoches Parishes. (Spink). 

NEW MEXICO - Infestation averaged 80-100 percent in most corn fields in Quay, 
Curry, Roosevelt and De Baca Counties, many with 2-3 larvae feeding within a 
silk. Damaged grain sorghum planted near corn. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - VIRGINIA - Heavy, 5-20 per head, on 
sorghum in Holland area of Nansemond and Southampton Counties, particularly 
on loose headed varieties. (Boush). ALABAMA - Increased in grain sorghum in 
central and northwest areas of State. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Ranged from 1-2 
per head in Muskogee and Tulsa Counties to 10-50 per head in Wagoner County. 
(Goin). TEXAS - Ranged 5-50 per head in grain sorghum in Brazos County. 
(Randolph). 


FLEA BEETLES - OKLAHOMA - Chaetocnema spp. averaged 5-10 per foot in Payne 
County barley. (Wood). SOUTH DAKOTA - Phyllotreta striolata in alfalfa 
averaged 4 per 20 sweeps in southeast district and 3 in east central district. 
(Klix, Hantsbarger). TEXAS - Damaged young wheat as it "came up" in Floyd 
County. (Lewis). 


NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM (Diabrotica longicornis) - SOUTH DAKOTA - Adults 
averaged 3-12 per 20 sweeps in southeast and east central district alfalfa 
fields. (Klix, Hantsbarger) . 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - WYOMING - Infested shucks and leaves 
of maturing corn in Platte County. Populations very high in some fields, 

low in others. Damage minor. (Davison). OKLAHOMA - Large numbers on grain 
sorghum in Pushmataha County. (Goin). TEXAS - Heavy in Brazos County grain 
sorghum. (Randolph). 


A GRASS MITE (Oligonychus stickne i) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on corn in 
Escondido, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged from 20-50 
percent of grain sorghum destroyed in some Payne, Tulsa and Wagoner County 
fields to nearly 100 percent damage in some Muskogee County fields. (Wood). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 100-200 per stalk on 
grain sorghum in central and east central areas. (Wood). 


FALSE CHINCH BUGS (Nysius spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Greatly reduced with ripening 
of grain sorghum in Quay, Curry, Roosevelt and Lea Counties. Occasional 
damage to late plantings. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - ALABAMA - Damaged grain sorghum 
in northwest part of State. Infestations severe in several fields. (Grimes). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - NEW MEXICO - Damaged young wheat fields 
near Fort Sumner, De Baca County, and House, Quay County. Caused some 
damage to alfalfa fields surrounded by rangeland. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


= 831 - 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - NEBRASKA - All stages in fields of 
older volunteer wheat in most parts of Lancaster County. Quite likely that 
a partial second fall brood will occur. (Roselle). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in Yolo 
County alfalfa fields. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-6 per 10 
Sweeps in alfalfa in Payne, Creek, Tulsa, Wagoner, Muskogee and Sequoyah 
Counties. (Wood). NEBRASKA - Larvae light to moderate in alfalfa fields in 
southeast portion of State, with 12-25 per 100 sweeps. Adults very abundant 
in most fields. (Andersen). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae present in most alfalfa 
fields, but numbers low. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Averaged 2-3 per 
10 sweeps in alfalfa near Bethel and Portales, Roosevelt County, and near 
Lovington, Lea County. Light in Chaves, De Baca, Otero and Quay Counties. 
Recent rain appears to have reduced threat near Hagerman and Dexter, Chaves 
County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - TEXAS - Averaged 5 per 5 sweeps on alfalfa 
in Brazos County. (Randolph). NEW MEXICO - Moved into young wheat fields 
in Weber City area, Curry County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in alfalfa tieids 
and on lawns in College City area, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged from 1-2 per 10 
sweeps in alfalfa in Muskogee County to 10-15 in Tulsa County. (Wood). 
DELAWARE - Small larvae increased on soybeans and alfalfa throughout State. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Very light on soybeans in Holland area, 
southeastern portion of State. (Boush). NORTH DAKOTA - Larvae present in 
most alfalfa fields, but numbers low. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Infestation in Nebraska 


as of September 20 
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SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged less than 
25 per 10 sweeps in Muskogee, Wagoner and Creek Counties to 150-250 per 10 
sweeps in Payne and Sequoyah Counties in alfalfa. (Wood). NEBRASKA - Averaged 
0-10 per 100 sweeps in Keith and western Dawson Counties, in Platte Valley. 
Averaged 3-8 per 100 sweeps in Jefferson County. High, 200 per sweep, in 
Republican Valley counties. (Hill, Andersen). NEW MEXICO - Appeared to be 
building up in alfalfa in Roosevelt and Lea Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


YU. Infested Counties 


- 832 - 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - WYOMING - Averaged 125 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa. 
(Davison). NEBRASKA - Light in alfalfa in all southeastern counties, with 
60-180 per 100 sweeps. (Andersen). DELAWARE - Heavy in most alfalfa fields. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). UTAH - Damaged alfalfa in parts of Iron, Millard and 
Uintah Counties. (Knowlton). 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - DELAWARE - Common on soybeans throughout 
State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - 
Common on soybeans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - DELAWARE - L. lineolaris adults and nymphs fairly 
heavy in Sussex County alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). NORTH DAKOTA - L. lineo- 
laris ranged from trace to 1.5 adults per sweep in eastern portion of State. 
(N. D. Ins. Rpt.). SOUTH DAKOTA - Nymphs and adults averaged 71 per 20 

sweeps on alfalfa in southeast district and 67 in east central district. 
(Klix, Hantsbarger). NEBRASKA - L. lineolaris averaged 30-80 per 100 sweeps 
in southeastern alfalfa fields. (Andersen). IDAHO - Nymphs ranged up to 120 
per sweep in third-cutting alfalfa hay in Canyon County. (Waters). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - OHIO - Fall populations lower 
than in 1957. A survey Showed adults per sweep averaged 1.89 in Wayne, 

1.37 in Mahoning, 1.75 in Lorain, 0.80 in Ottawa, 1.5 in Wood, 2.52 in 
Franklin, 2.96 in Ross and 2.82 in Greene Counties. (Treece). 


PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Adelphocoris rapidus adults and nymphs fairly heavy 
in Sussex County alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). NORTH DAKOTA - A. lineolatus 
ranged from trace to .5 bug per sweep in eastern alfalfa. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus bracteatus) - DELAWARE - Prevalent in some Sussex 
County soybean fields. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Common on soybeans throughout 
State. No increase in alfalfa. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Light or 
about disappeared from peanuts in Holland area in southeastern portion of 
State. (Boush). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 
5-15 per 10 sweeps in central and east central alfalfa. (Wood). TEXAS - 
Averaged 20-25 per 5 sweeps in alfalfa in Brazos County. (Randolph). 


A CHAFER - (Cyclocephala pasadenae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in lawns in Lodi, 
San Joaquin County, and in Auburn, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus sp.) - COLORADO - Adults and larvae caused severe 
damage to lawns in Grand Junction and Palisades, Mesa County. (State Dept. 
Agr., Exp. Sta.). 


A SPRINGTAIL (Achorutes armatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on lawns and sidewalks 
at Napa, Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) 


FRUIT INSECTS 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred in traps in 
Empire, Ripon and Escalon areas of San Joaquin County and as a first record 
for Mariposa County in the Cathay and Hornitos areas. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


- 833 - 


POLYPHEMUS MOTH (Antheraea polyphemus) - IDAHO - Mature larvae defoliating 
filbert trees in Boise area. (Hilfiker). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - OKLAHOMA - Damaging pecan trees in 
Payne County. (Howell) . 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on walnuts 
in Clarksburg area of Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations in 
walnut husks in San Martin, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - 
Moth count high in Uintah County apples, quite generally. (Knowlton). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging untreated 
home orchards of apples throughout apple-growing areas of State. (Hutchins). 


A CATERPILLAR - IDAHO - A caterpillar (probably Schizura ipomoeae) feeding 
on prunes in Emmett area where many young trees show heavy defoliation. (Scott). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations attacking 
apricot trees in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) - MISSISSIPPI - Some damage to apples 
in Monroe County. (Hutchins) . 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - OHIO - Heavy infestations 
of second—brood larvae in Lima area. (Cutright). 


MITES - NEW MEXICO - Very few adults of Tetranychus sp. feeding on foliage in 
De Baca County. Most areas report they are in webbing at base of apple trees. 
Eggs of Bryobia praetiosa complex very numerous in orchards in 6 counties. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Vasates fockeui damaging cherry trees in 
San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Vasates cornutus 
abundant on peach foliage in Medford area and causing silvering of leaves. 
(Gentner). 


BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - UTAH - Damage to ripe fruits above 
normal in northern and central areas this fall. (Davis, Knowlton). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - OREGON - Building up slowly in Gresham 
area, Multnomah County, but is below normal for this time of year. (Every). 
UTAH - Caused moderate damage to cabbage in Uintah and Duchesne Counties. 
(Knowlton). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - VIRGINIA - Light on broccoli in 4 fields 
surveyed in Northampton County. (Hofmaster, Morris). TEXAS - Caused some 
damage to tomato plants in Brazos County (Alex) and heavy damage to cabbage 
and cauliflower in Winter Garden area, Dimmit County, averaging 18 young larvae 
per plant (Plowman). Averaged 10 larvae per cabbage plant in Bexar County. 
(Hawkins). NEW MEXICO - Damaged lettuce in Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - OREGON - Large numbers of adults in 
Medford area, feeding on nectar of flowers of many kinds. Ovipositing on 
cruciferous crops, especially young mustard in fields and orchards. Foliage 
badly damaged, larvae nearly mature. (Gentner). 


COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) - FLORIDA - Averaged 1-30 
per plant on 15 acres of eggplant inspected at Hague, Alachua County. (Fla. 
Coop. Sur.). 


- 834 - 


EGGPLANT LEAF MINER (Keiferia glochinella) - FLORIDA - Averaged 1-2 pupae per 
plant on 35 acres of eggplant inspected at Hague, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. 
Sur.). 


TOMATO PINWORM (Keiferia lycopersicella) - TEXAS - Caused some damage to 
tomato plants in Brazos County. (Alex). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged approximately 10 percent 
of pods in some Adair County fields of snap beans. (Frazier). DELAWARE - 
Adults common in fields of peppers and beans in Kent and Sussex Counties. 
Larvae common on lima and snap beans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 

NEW MEXICO - Generally light in lettuce fields in Chaves, Eddy and Dona Ana 
Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - Egg counts on tomatoes per 100 leaves 
increased to 1.5, September 13, in Bent, Crowley, Otero and Pueblo Counties. 
This is largest count average. for past 4 years for second week in September. 
(Exp. Sta.) 


BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged 5-10 percent of 
crop in some snap bean fields, Adair County. (Frazier). DELAWARE - Common 

on snap beans in Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Light on snap 
beans in 3 fields surveyed in Northampton County. (Hofmaster, Morris). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy infestations damaged peas 
and beans near Weber City, Curry County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Caused 
considerable damage to young sugarbeet plantings for seed in Medford area. 
Large numbers of larvae feeding on various weeds, many completely defoliated. 
(Gentner). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - DELAWARE - Small larvae common on beans 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) -*VIRGINIA - Adults and larvae light 
in 3 fields of snap beans surveyed, Northampton County. (Hofmaster, Morris). 


PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Adults and nymphs of Adelphocoris rapidus and Lygus 
lineolaris common on lima beans throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


CUCUMBER BEETLES (Diabrotica spp.) - DELAWARE - D. undecimpunctata howardi 
common on beans and aSparagus throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - 
D. undecimpunctata howardi light on snap beans in 3 fields surveyed in Northamp- 
ton County. (Hofmaster, Morris). CALIFORNIA - Diabrotica sp. medium and 

damaged potato tubers in Murriettadistrict of Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. 
Rpt.). 


ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) - DELAWARE - Larvae heavy on most asparagus 
plantings throughout State, yellowing about 50 percent of ferns in one Sussex 
County planting. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - UTAH - Sugar beet tonnage outlook 
greatly reduced in Bothwell area, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) - COLORADO - Third brood reported in 
Larimer and Weld County areas. Fields being treated. (Sugar Beet Industry). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - MARYLAND - Generally light in pepper 
fruits in Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). DELAWARE - Larvae caused 
considerable damage to most pepper plantings in Kent and Sussex Counties. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). 


—NSJo) = 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on peppers at Waleysville, 
Worcester County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy in pepper plantings 
in San Onofre Canyon area, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A CUTWORM (Diarsia rosaria) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on strawberries in Watsonville 
area, Santa Cruz County. (Call "Coopz Rpte)). 


A PHYCITID MOTH (Ephestiodes gilvesentella) - CALIFORNIA - Originally reported 
as medium to heavy on Strawberry in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County, 
week of May 23. In Salinas area of Monterey County, infested strawberry 
fruits were caged and moths reared, emerging in late August. This is the 
first record of larvae of this moth attacking strawberry. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - OREGON - Populations 
unusually low for this time of year in Willamette Valley. (Every). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Infestation of squares and 
young bolis 50-75 percent in some late cotton fields in Sequoyah and Wagoner 
Counties. (Frazier). 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - OKLAHOMA - Gin trash and lint 
cleaner inspections indicate infestations are somewhat higher in southwestern 
counties than during same period in 1957. (Frazier). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Built up rapidly, 
newly emerged moths noted in almost all fields examined. Egg laying heavy, 
hatching widespread, especially in northern end of Imperial Valley. 
Populations heaviest in fields which have had repeated controls. (Peterson). 


COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 10 per leaf in some 
Sequoyah County cotton fields. (Frazier). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - MARYLAND - Defoliating small 
oaks at Fairland, Montgomery County. (TU. Md., Ent. Dept.). RHODE ISLAND - 
Pupation underway. Heavy local defoliation throughout State. (Hansen). 


A PINE TIP MOTH - TEXAS - Serious infestation of pine on western edge of pine 
belt in Wood, Gregg, Smith and Anderson Counties. Some pines 80 feet tall 
have heavy infestations. (Young). 


NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - OKLAHOMA - Infestations vary from 
0-99 percent depending on species of pine. (Bieberdorf). VIRGINIA - Damaged 
pines in Hampton. (Rowell, Adams). 


WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) - DELAWARE - Larvae tairly 
common on a wide variety of forest and ornamental trees throughout State. 
(MacCreary, Conrad) 


IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - TEXAS - Mortality of some merchantable pines in Polk 
and Tyler Counties. (Young). 


= 1550) — 


SAWFLIES - DELAWARE - Nematus ventralis feeding heavily on willows in an area 
of Sussex County and Caliroa lineata feeding heavily on oaks in eastern 
New Castle County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


&£LM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging 
elms in Lemoore area of Kings County, and Alturas in Modoc County. Light 
in Castaic area of Los Angeles County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - MARYLAND - Heavy on mimosa in southern 
counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - Damaging mimosa trees in Isle of 
Wight County. (Amos, Gill) and in Salem (Morris). 


POPLAR TENT MAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - DELAWARE - Larvae fairly common on 
willows in an area of Sussex County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


A TWIG BORER (Proteoteras aeSculana) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging 
silver maple in Redwood City, San Mateo County and in Oakland, Alameda 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WEBWORMS - DELAWARE - Salebria afflictella and Tetralopha melanogrammos 
causing conspicuous damage to yellow gum trees in Sussex County. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MARYLAND - One adult taken from a 
lilac bush at Silver Spring, Montgomery County, September 10, new record 

for State. Apparently brought in by homeowner on plants or soil from infested 
area outside of State. Det. A. B. Gurney. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). IDAHO - 
Adults beginning to congregate and hibernate in protected places in 

Moscow area. (Manis). 


MITES - CALIFORNIA - Oligonychus ununguis medium on spruce in Alturas, Modoc 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations of Tetranychus sp. 
on privet, asters, zinnias and other plants in Payne County. (Howell). 


SCALE INSECTS - MARYLAND - Pseudaulacaspis pentagona heavy on privet at 
Silver Spring, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - 
Orthezia insignis heavy on ice plants in Santa Barbara. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 
OKLAHOMA - Aspidiotus perniciosus severely damaging pyracantha in Frederick. 
(Hatfield). Kermes bougei heavy on some oaks in Oklahoma City. (Thomas). 
UTAH - Severely damaging ornamental junipers at Brigham. (Knowlton). 


AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - MARYLAND - Heavy on azalea at 
various localities in Montgomery and Anne Arundel Counties. (U. Md., Ent. 
Dept.). 


AZALEA CATERPILLAR (Datana major) - MISSISSIPPI - Damaging azaleas in 
noticeable numbers in Poplarville. (Hutchins). NORTH CAROLINA - Attacking 
azaleas in Wake County. (Jones, Farrier). VIRGINIA - Larvae, probably this 
species, feeding on azaleas in localities of Newport News and in Prince 
George County. (Amos, Stump, Harris). 


ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - MARYLAND - Damaging crapemyrtle 
at Leonardtown, St. Marys County. Coming to lights in most sections. (U. Md., 
Ent. Dept.). VIRGINIA - A nuisance in and around homes in Fauquier County 
(Amos, Sutphin) and Lancaster, Hanover, Campbell, Loudoun and Mecklenburg 
Counties and in Charlottesville (Rowell et al.). 


A COSMOPTERYGID MOTH (Stagmatophora ceanothiella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on 
ceanothus in San Jose, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


= 837 - 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - LOUISIANA - One cow infested in a herd 
of 43 in Tensas Parish. First authenticated report of this species in the 
State this year. (Spink). ALABAMA - Several additional infestations found 
since previous week in Elmore County. One or two infested animals found in 
Montgomery County. Federal eradication measures underway. (Lauderdale) .** 


MOSQUITOES - CALIFORNIA - Light-trap records for week of September 7-13 
indicated that in the Sacramento Valley Culex tarsalis was taken in larger 
numbers than any other species of mosquitoes except in Butte County where 
Anopheles freeborni was predominant. In the San Joaquin Valley Aedes 
nigromaculis was more numerous followed by C. tarsalis. C. tarsalis also 
found in central coastal area and Coachella Valley. (Peters). OREGON - 
Breeding in log ponds and creating quite a problem in Curry County. (Capizzi). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Populations down in Payne County, 
averaged 75-100 per dairy animal. (Howell). Averaged 50-100 per dairy 

animal in Tulsa and Pawnee Counties, and 300-600 per mature range cow in 

Noble County. (Coppock). ALABAMA - Heavy on cattle in Elmore County. (Grimes). 
UTAH - Still troublesome throughout the Uintah Basin. (Knowlton). 


STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50-70 per untreated 
dairy animal in Payne County. (Howell). 


HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - IDAHO - Adults have been more abundant in homes 
in Moscow area during late summer than at any time during past 12 years. 
(Barr, Manis). 


BLACK FLIES - UTAH - Annoying in Weber Canyon and to horses near Ogden. 
(Fronk, Knowlton). 


EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA - Exceeding 50 per head in Caddo 
County. (Walton). 


LESSER MEALWORM (Alpnitobius diaperinus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults very 
abundant in chicken manure in Franklin County, week ending September 13. 
(Pepper). 


CAT FLEA (Ctenocephalides felis) - CALIFORNIA - Flea inquiries rather numerous 
this season compared with previous years. Investigations made in number of 
instances on September 17 and 18, showed fleas to be of this species. (Peters). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


MEAL MOTH (Pyralis farinalis) - IDAHO - Adults quite common in a number of 
homes in Moscow area. A heavy infestation in farm stored feed grain reported 
from Donnelly area. (Barr, Manis). 


A FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) - COLORADO - Extremely numerous in 
farm stored corn, Harmony, Larimer County. (CCC, Exp. Sta.). 


eo 
RED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium castaneum) - OREGON - This species in combination 
with Stegobium paniceum apparently more abundant than usual in western area 
judging from inquiries received. (Every). 


**SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - MISSISSIPPI - An infestation found in 
Amite County, September 17. (Hutchins). 


= 838 - 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - In alfalfa, Hippodamia convergens averaged 5-10 per 
10 sweeps in Payne, Tulsa, Muskogee and Sequoyah Counties, Nabis sp. 2-8 in 
Payne, Creek, Muskogee and Sequoyah Counties and lacewings 2-6 in Payne, 
Muskogee and Sequoyah Counties. (Coppock). 


A PRAYING MANTID - CALIFORNIA - Large numbers in shrubbery Surrounding local 
motels in Bakersfield, Kern County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A KLAMATHWEED BEETLE (Chrysolina gemellata) - IDAHO - Adults emerged from 
summer aestivation in Rathdrum Prairie area. (Barr). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


VINEGAR FLIES - VIRGINIA - Serious around canneries and homes on Eastern 
Shore and are a general public nuisance. (Hofmaster). 


COCKROACHES - NORTH CAROLINA - Heavy and difficult to control in a prison 
camp in Hertford County. (Scott). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Invading homes in 
eastern and central areas. (Howell). 


A TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - NEW YORK - On August 7, a carload 
of Douglas fir two by fours, shipped from the Pacific Coast to a lumber yard 
in the central Hudson Valley, was found to be infested. The infested lot, 
consisting of 350 pieces, was burned and the ground of the storage area 
treated. In addition, 5700 pieces, were traced to their destinations and 
with the exception of a few already in use, all were inspected with negative 
results. Det. H. Miller and confirmed T. E. Snyder. (Collins). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Helio. 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. sexta quing. zea 

ALABAMA 

Auburn 9/10-11 72 36 26 ital 65 

Crossville 9/9,12 40 6 10 29 38 
ARKANSAS 

Fayetteville 9/4-17 52 29 2 73 523 

Kelso 9/4-17 17 19 54 491 
FLORIDA 

Homestead 9/12 iL 

Quincy 9/9 31 56 
IDAHO 

Parma 9/14 1 
ILLINOIS 


Urbana 9/12-18 PH 4 10 23 142 


= 8 = 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS - Continued 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. 


UniipLeeeyi0Se ornith. 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 9/8-14 15 4 6 
Tippecanoe 9/11-18 47 3 33 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 9/12-18 113 68 27 
Franklin 9/18 3 i, 10 
Shreveport 9/15 3 8 3 
MARYLAND 
Fairland 9/11-18 4 
MISSISSIPPI 
Grenada 9/1-5,8-13 alr 4 17 2 
Senatobia 8/28-9/11 2 
*State College 9/6-19 134 87 115 
*Stoneville 9/12-18 114 32 78 
NEBRASKA 
Alliance 9/4-9 45 
Concord 9/5-12 31 6 2 
Kearney 9/4-10 4 13 
North Platte 9/5-11 95 19 8 
Scotts Bluff 9/2-8 87 6 
NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 9/12-17 51 20 53 
Faison 9/12-17 64 PX} 55 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Clemson 9/13-19 52 8 59 
Florence 9/14-20 282 16 128 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 
Blount 9/9-15 80 84 124 
Cumberland 9/9-15 62 36 36 
Johnson 9/9-15 330 159 174 
Madison 9/9-15 aLal 2 13 
Maury 9/9-15 40 12 64 
Robertson 9/9-15 44 8 8 
TEXAS 
Waco 9/13-19 208 80 


*Two traps - State College; 


52 


Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis 
marg. frug. sexta quingq. zea vires 

3 11 7 23 
29 10 aL 93 
417 3 73 

22 
3 2 HS 
4 5 7 
Ita 
al ital 
147 9 936 
2 1S 33 4 429 
ah 973) 
16 2 1 457 
7 5 aL 16 
25 5 2 256 
38 30 
8 3 103 
4 59 
2 40 8 34 
192 26 17 1004 
4 8 20 148 
8 44 116 
15 48 3 81 
al 18 202 
16 8 56 160 
32 32 140 
34 473 


4 traps - Stoneville 


SEG 


Pea thst) & 


\ 
a, 


Halas st, Nae ee ee ee ccs: 


841 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


PUMPKIN CATERPILLAR (Diaphania indica (Saunders) ) 


Economic Importance: Generally this pyraustid is a pest of cucurbitaceous 
plants wherever it occurs. The pumpkin caterpillar is considered one of the 
more important pests of cucurbits in the Indian Region and has been reported as 
destroying cucumber fields in New South Wales, Australia. Damage to fruits 

of host plants is most prominent during August and September in India, though 
larvae may cause considerable leaf damage to hosts earlier in the season. Leaf 
injury was prevalent on watermelons in Queensland, Australia, in 1946. Leaf 
feeding on cotton is sometimes a problem in Japan and Africa. 


Distribution: Widespread through Central and Southern Africa, Southern and 
Eastern Asia, Australia and many of the Indian and Pacific Ocean islands. 
including Mauritius, Seychelles, Carolines, Christmas, Fiji, Maldives, 
Marianas, Marquesas, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga and Mindanao in the Philippines. 


Hosts: Cultivated cucurbits are the most important hosts. Also feeds on 
wild cucurbits, beets, cotton, soybeans, eggplant, hibiscus, hollyhock and 
Arabian jasmine. 


imariades 


Careline ’ 
Christmas 


General Distribution of Pumpkin Caterpillar 


(Pyraustidae, Lepidoptera) No. 59 of Series 


- 842 - 


Life History and Habits: The eggs are generally laid singly on the under- 
surface of the leaves, hatching in 3-6 days. Young larvae move about for some 
time, then fold the leaf or two adjacent leaves and begin feeding on the 
epidermis while in the fold. Damaged patches dry out and result in distortion. 
Larvae may also attack the young developing fruit or more advanced fruits except 
those that have a hard, resistant rind. The larvae pass through 4 or 5 instars 
in 9 to 14 days. Pupation takes place in a cocoon within the leaf-fold and 
lasts from 5 to 13 days, depending on the temperature. The adult life ranges 
from 3 to 7 days at a mean temperature of 81°F., and the oviposition period is 
about two days, each female laying about 159 eggs. In tropical regions, 

D. indica will probably breed throughout the year, but in Japan only 3 broods 
are produced annually. The insect hibernates as a partially developed larva 

in Japan. 


Description: Wing expanse of the adult about 24 mm. length of body about 12 mn. 
Costal margin of the forewing banded dusky-drab; band continuous with the head 
and first two thoracic segments. Band also extends humeral margin of the 
forewing and the hindwing and is continuous on the Sth and 6th abdominal 
tergites. The rest of the wing is white with purple luster. A globular tuft 
of scales is present at the posterior end of the abdomen, in male the scales 
in the middle of the tuft are light colored and the entire appearance is orange. 
The eggs are oval, barium yellow in color, and average about 0.80 mm. Mature 
larva 18.5 mm., greenish with pair of longitudinal white stripes that are more 
or less parallel from the prothoracic region to the last abdominal segment. 

In some stages of larval development the white stripes may not be distinct. 
The head with 6 pair of ocelli, one pair posterior to the base of each 
respective antenna, remaining 5 pair still posterior in a semi-circle. 
Antennae 3-segmented. Segment 2 about 24 times longer than segment 1. Two 
small sensillae and 2 setae on tips of segment 2. Length of one seta about 
twice length of antenna. Segment 3 smallest antennal segment, with 3 apical 
sensillae. The mesothoracic and metathoracic tergites have a pair of black 
specks at the base of the subdorsal setae. Each body segment with 6 dorsal 
setae and 2 pairs of lateral setae, side by side. All setae arise from 
tubercles and form definite longitudinal rows. (Prepared in Plant Pest 

Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.). CEIR 8(39) 9-26-58 


Adult Larva and Pupa 


Figures(except map): from Patel, R. C. and Kulkarny, H. L. 1956. Bombay Nat. 
Hist. Soc. Jour. 54(1) :118-127. 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 

_workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 October 3, 1958 Number 40 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS damaged wheat in Texas, Oklahoma and North Dakota. (p. 845). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER found for first time in three counties in Alabama. 
(p. 845). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found for first time in Oregon. (p. 847). 
CODLING MOTH activity unusually heavy in Moscow area of Idaho, third-brood 
larvae largest in several years in central Virginia and damage severe in 


areas of Utah. (p. 848). 


CABBAGE LOOPER heavy on beans in Delaware and damaging lettuce in areas of 
New Mexico and California. (p. 849). 


Leaf crumple disease transmitted by WHITEFLIES causing reduction of cotton 
yield in Bard Valley, California. (p. 851). 


BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE most troublesome forest insect in Midsouth. (p. 851). 


Larvae of a SAWFLY infesting 100,000 acres of pine in Taylor County, Florida. 
(p. 852). 


CORRECTION (p. 855). ADDITIONAL NOTES (p. 855). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 857). 


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Reports in this issue are for the week ending September 26, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 844 - 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING SEPTEMBER 29 


Hurricane Helene, featuring last week's weather, brought heavy rains and 
damaging high tides as she roared past the Carolina coasts with wind gusts 

up more than 140 m p.h. First reported as a west-northwestward moving 
tropical storm 550 miles east-southeast of the Bahamas on the 23d, Helene 
had gained hurricane intensity by 5 p.m.,e.s.t.,on the 24th when located 
about 425 miles east of Fort Pierce, Florida. The eye of the storm came 
within 30 to 40 miles of the North Carolina coast on the 26th and 27th, as 
she swung northeastward out over the Atlantic. At 5 a.m., on Sunday, the 
28th, Helene was 230 miles east of Elizabeth City, North Carolina, moving 
northeastward and no longer a threat to the mainland of the United States. 

At 1 p.m., on the 27th, Frying Pan Light Ship, off Cape Fear, North Carolina 
and 20 miles southeast of the center of the storm, reported winds of 120 m.p.h., 
a confused sea and waves 25 feet high. During the evening of the same day, 
several sections between Cape Lookout and Ft. Macon, North Carolina, reported 
wind gusts over 140 m.p.h. A report from Wilmington, North Carolina, gave 
the fastest mile of wind as 85 m.p.h., from the north with a peak gust of 

135 m.p.h., from the north-northeast, total rainfall for the storm of 8.29 
inches and highest tide 9 feet above normal. It is too early to fully assess 
the damage caused by Helene, but heaviest losses occurred in coastal North 
Carolina and the following is a preliminary report submitted by the State 
Climatologist of that State: "No known deaths and only a few minor injuries 
in North Carolina. Preliminary semi-official estimates of property damage 
range from $4 to $7 million. Greatest damage to Wilmington, Southport 

and beaches from Cape Fear to Wrightsville Beach, but damage considerable 
along coast northward to Cape Hatteras. No estimate yet as to crop damage, 
but mostly confined to coastal counties." Timely warnings undoubtedly 

saved many lives, and permitted safety measures which greatly reduced 
property losses. 


Temperatures for the week averaged above normal in coastal California, 
east of a line joining Denver, Colorado with Williston, North Dakota and 
Del Rio, Texas, and below elsewhere. Weekly departures generally were 
small, although as much as +6° in California and the upper Great Lakes 
and -6° at a few stations in the lower Rocky Mountain States. Hidden in 
these averages was the change to much cooler weather, with a touch of 
winter in most northern areas as successive surges of cold air from the 
northwest, in the course of the week, swept across virtuafly the entire 
country. Freezing was rather general in middle and northern interior 
sections of the Far West early in the week. On the 24th, minima ranged 
from 22° to 30° over nearly all of eastern Washington and from 10° to 

20° at several stations in northern Nevada, with frost above 5,500 feet 
as far south as northern Arizona. The Salt Lake City, Utah, Airport 
recorded 31° on the 25th, an early season record. Snow fell in the 
middle and northern Rockies. Freezing extended into the northern Great 
Plains on the 25th, and frost and freezing were reported in central and 
western Nebraska and a few stations in northwestern Kansas on the 27th. 
The cooler weather reached the East over the weekend, when frost occurred 
in northern Indiana and freezing in the northern mountains of Pennsylvania 
and the cranberry bogs of New Jersey. 


Precipitation, occurring along the rapidly moving cold fronts, fell on 1 or 2 
days in most areas. Falls were light to occasionally moderate or heavy with 
few exceptions. Thus, much fair weather favored fall harvesting operations. 
Heavy rains, perhaps even heavier than the hurricane rains, fell in eastern 
New Mexico and the trans-Pecos region of western Texas, causing disastrous 
flooding at Presidio, Texas, and less serious flooding downstream from 

there in the Rio Grande. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


- 845 - 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - DELAWARE - Conocephalus brevipennis adults and nymphs prevalent 
in alfalfa and red clover throughout State. Melanoplus femur-rubrum common 

on young soybeans and alfalfa in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). 

MONTANA - Adult survey indicated heaviest infestations occurred in southern, 
southwestern, northern and northeastern parts of State. Extremely spotted 
elsewhere. Approximately 150,000 acres of cropland were sprayed in northeastern 
area of State. Infestations not as severe or extensive in Madison, Broadwater 
and Meagher Counties as in 1957, although no control was practiced. Heavy 
rains in June and July affected development of Cammula pellucida. (PPC, West. 
Reg., Aug. Rpt.). TEXAS - Flight observed in Wheeler County September 16, 
moving southwest. (Preston, Russell). Damaged fall-sown wheat, especailly 
around field margins in Ochiltree, Wheeler, Armstrong, Sherman, Moore and 
Deaf Smith Counties. (Garner, Thomas). Several species infesting soil 

bank land in Armstrong County, 15-25 per square yard. (Garner). OKLAHOMA - 
Averaged 4-6 to 10-12 per square yard in panhandle area road sides and field 
margins and up to 30-35 per square yard in one area of Cimarron County. 
Controls being applied. M. bilituratus, M. differentialis and M. bivittatus 
dominant species. Damage to grain sorghum heads light. Extensive damage 

to first 8-10 feet of margins of some fields of fall-seeded wheat necessitating 
reseeding. Lighter than during same period in 1957. No migratory flights 
observed. Sarcophaga kellyi affecting approximately 20 percent of population. 
(Frazier, Burke, Vanclcaveyy NORTH DAKOTA - Continued to damage winter wheat 
in Bowman area, in southwestern part of State. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - 
Extremely numerous east of Spanish Fork and numerous on Mapleton bench, Utah 
County. M. bilituratus dominant species. (Knowlton). Control by farmers 
covered some 320,240 acres in 1958, with another 110,000 acres protected by 
Federal-State-County control program. (Thornley, Knowlton). 


MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - IDAHO - Infestations covering approximately 
7,000 acres were found in Washington County on Pine, Keithley and Sage Creeks. 
Scattered crickets were found in Adams County in Indian Valley and near 
cultivated crops, covering approximately 3,000 acres. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. 
Rpt.). WYOMING - Survey showed crickets in heavy to moderate numbers in 
several areas of Lincoln County. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). NEVADA - Survey 
in 9 counties revealed a total of 10,000 acres infested. Bands were of 
moderate proportions and in Some areas crickets were Scattered and not 

banded. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). UTAH - Infestations anticipated in 
Daggett, San Juan, Kane, Tooele, Washington and Uintah Counties covering 
11,150 acres. Control covered 26,358 acres this season and protected a 

much larger area. (Thornley. Knowlton). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - WEST VIRGINIA - Fall survey 
completed. Larvae averaged 24.9 per 100 stalks in 109 fields surveyed in 

14 counties. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). ALABAMA - Found in grain sorghum in 
Tallapoosa, Elmore and Montgomery Counties. First records for these counties. 
(Grimes). KANSAS - Initial stops for fall survey in Wabaunsee County 

showed infestations as high as 60 percent. Counts averaged 1-3 per infested 
stalk. (Matthew). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in Richland County showed 69 percent 
infestation and 138 borers per 100 plants. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Common in most alfalfa fields through- 
out State. Present in most soybean fields, no noticeable damage. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). ALABAMA - Considerably reduced on grain sorghum in central area. 
(Grimes). OHIO - Natural infestation in check plots of late sweet corn were 

96 percent at Marietta September 25, 81 percent at Wooster September 19 and 

52 percent at Toledo September 15. (Neiswander). KANSAS - Extremely light 

in corn fields examined in Jewell and Republic Counties. Very few infested 


- 846 - 


ears found. (Gates). Light in fields examined in Wabaunsee County. (Matthew). 
OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-3 per 10 heads in grain sorghum in panhandle area. 
(VanCleave). Larvae averaged 2 per head in late sorghum in Chickasha area, 
Grady County. Sorghum reaching hard dough stage, populations declining. 
(Henderson). TEXAS - Light in grain sorghum in Brazos and Burleson Counties. 
(Randolph). UTAH - Infestation high in late sweet and field corn in Utah 
County. (Knowlton). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - CALIFORNIA - Light on sorghum in Chino 
area, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - DELAWARE - Continued heavy feeding in 
late field corn in Kent County. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Medium in 
winter pasture in King George County. (Hall). ALABAMA - Considerably reduced 
on grain sorghum in central areas. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Averaged O-2 per 

10 heads in grain sorghum in panhandle area. (VanCleave). TEXAS - Medium in 
grain sorghum and corn in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). Attacked 
fall-sown oats and pastures in Grimes and Washington Counties. (Hawkins). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - TEXAS - Averaged 10-15 per head in late 
grain sorghum in Brazos and Burleson Counties. (Randolph). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Heavy in some 
fields in Sedgwick County. One field examined had near 75 percent infestation 
with 1-2 larvae per infested stalk. Some larvae have moved into root area 

for overwintering. (Eshbaugh). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Avaeraged 30-75 per stalk 
in some panhandle area grain sorghum fields. (Walton). 


MITES - UTAH - Caused severe damage to corn in many Utah County fields. 
(Knowlton). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - NEW MEXICO - Averaged 
1-2 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa fields in Mesilla Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) - WASHINGTON - Light damage at Othello. 
(Landis, September 5). 


ALFALFA WEBWORM (Loxostege commixtalis) - VIRGINIA - Feeding on seedling 
alfalfa in some fields in Rockingham and Rockbridge Counties. (Morris et al.). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - TEXAS - Averaged 2-5 per sweep in alfalfa 
in Brazos County. (Randolph). CALIFORNIA - Light on alfalfa in Imperial 
Beach, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Few adults observed 
on soybeans in Elmore County. (Grimes). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Decreased on alfalfa throughout 
State except in several fields along eastern seaboard where it remained 

quite heavy. (MacCreary, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Averaged 15-20 per sweep on 

old field of alfalfa and very light in 2 seedling fields in Rockingham County. 
Those on the seedling alfalfa fungus-infected. (Morris, Peterson). 

NEBRASKA - Building up in eastern third and southern regions of State, with 
78-180 per sweep in east and 110-220 per sweep in Republican Valley. 
(Andersen). UTAH - Caused moderate damage in parts of Millard and Sanpete 
Counties. (Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Generally light infestations in Dona Ana 
County appeared to be building up. Light in alfalfa in Taos County. (N. M. 
Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy in alfalfa fields in Lassen County. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


- 847 - 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - NEBRASKA - Remained static 
in Republican Valley area, with up to 250 per sweep. (Andersen). KANSAS - 
Non-economic to light in alfalfa fields surveyed in one north central and 

4 east central counties with 14-60 per 25 sweeps in established stands and 
one per linear foot of row in seedling stands. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - None 
found in 8 fields of alfalfa examined in northwestern and panhandle areas. 
(VanCleave). OREGON - Collected for first time in State in Umatilla County, 
September 13. Scattered throughout area, damaged susceptible varieties. 
Det. L. M. Russell. (Capizzi). CALIFORNIA - Light on alfalfa at Imperial 
Beach, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) - DELAWARE - Nymphs and adults of L. lineolaris common 

to prevalent in alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEBRASKA - 

L. lineolaris heavy, 5-7 per sweep, in Republican Valley area alfalfa. 
(Andersen). NORTH DAKOTA - Survey in western counties showed 0-0.5 L. lineolaris 
per sweep in alfalfa. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). UTAH - Numbers decreased in many 


northern alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Survey of 45 
fields in 14 counties showed State average to be 8.88 per 10 sweeps in forage 
crops. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) - DELAWARE - Nymphs and adults common 
to prevalent in alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEBRASKA - 
Light, 4 per 10 sweeps, in Republican Valley area alfalfa fields. (Andersen). 


FLEA BEETLES - DELAWARE - Systena blanda present in scattered fields of soy- 
beans throughout the State. (MacCreary, Conrad). TEXAS - Attacked young 
wheat in Carson and Briscoe Counties. (Cowan, Ledbetter). OKLAHOMA - 
Chaetocnema sp. scarce, with little or no damage to fall plantings of rye 

in Payne County. (Henderson). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE ‘- 
Prevalent on soybeans and alfalfa throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 
OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4-8 per head in grain sorghum in panhandle area. 
(Henderson). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - TEXAS - Medium in 
alfalfa and severe girdling of stems in Brazos County. (Randolph). 


RED-NECKED PEANUT WORM (Stegasta basqueella) - OKLAHOMA - Infested 32 percent 
of shoots and damaged 95-100 percent of buds in 2 fields of peanuts in 
Payne County. (Walton). 


A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus mutabilis) - TEXAS - Caused considerable damage to 
St. Augustine grass lawns in Brazos County (Garner) and in Gonzales, Fayette, 
Washington and Milam Counties (Co. Agr. Agents). 


A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - MISSISSIPPI - Carried as 
Blissus spp., CEIR 8(37):798, has now been identified as this species. 
(Hutchins) . 


EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - Seasonal scouting revealed 
one infested location outside the Syracuse regulated area, in addition to 
those reported in July. This report covered flight observed in village of 
Chittenango, Madison County, directly east of finds in Manlius, Onondago 
County. (PPC, East. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). 


- 848 - 


WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - TEXAS - P. rugosa heavy in wheat land 
prepared for planting in Roberts County. (Joyner). UTAH - Caused unusual 
amount of damage in Delta area lawns (Ogden) and damaged some lawns at 
Meadow and Holden and in Uintah County cemeteries (Knowlton). Infested 
lawns in Utah County. (Barlow). 


WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - FLORIDA - A new infested area 
involving approximately 1,000 acres was found south of Marianna, Jackson 
County, and another new infestation of approximately 200 acres was found in 
Browndale area of Santa Rosa County. Survey showed an additional 2,942 
infested acres in the State. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). GEORGIA - A new 
infestation was found about 10 miles southeast of Vienna involving farmlands 
in Dooly and Crisp Counties and a new infestation was also found at Chamblee, 
De Kalb County. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). LOUISIANA - Surveys in Acadia 
Parish revealed 3 additional infested properties involving 47 acres, bringing 
total infested acreage for parish to just under 200 acres. (PPC, So. Reg., 
Aug. Rpt.). 


SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - NORTH CAROLINA - Two properties 
totaling 20 acres found infested in Pasquotank County, was first report in 
this county. An additional 100 infested acres were found in Camden County 
and 70 acres in Pender County. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). TENNESSEE - 
Positive finds, involving 100 acres on one property in Haywood County and 

60 acres on one property in Shelby County, were first reports for these 
counties. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - Five additional infestations 
reported from Mississippi County. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). MISSOURI - 
Five new infested fields involving 215 acres were found in Pemiscot County. 
(PPC, Cent. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - MICHIGAN - Increase in entries during 
first weeks of September. (Hutson). IDAHO - Activity unusually heavy in 
Moscow area this year. Normal control practices did not prevent infestation 
of fruit. (Barr, Manis). VIRGINIA - Third-brood larvae still entering apples 
in numbers. Largest third brood of this insect in Several years in central 
part of State. (Bobb). UTAH - Damage moderately severe to apples in Utah, 
Tooele, Millarc, Sanpete and Juab Counties. Severe in home orchards. 
(Knowlton). 


APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very heavy infestation 
in Beaver County. (Adams, Sept. 20). 


CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) - UTAH - Damaging roots of some 
fruit trees pulled in Salt Lake, Weber and Davis Counties this season. 
(Knowlton). 


PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) - OREGON - Caused late summer fruit 
damage in Oregon City peach orchards. (Foster). 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Adults taken in a 
trap in Sonora, Tuolumne County, in black walnut trees. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - MICHIGAN - Late infestations 
in Grand Rapids, Benton Harbor and Pontiac. (Hutson). 


SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy infestation 
of peach trees. Limbs killed in Beaver County. (Adams, Sept. 20). 


- 849 - 


ORCHARD MITES - CALIFORNIA - Brevipalpus lewisi and Tetranychus telarius 
heavy on pear trees in Hinkley, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) 
UTAH - Damage severe in Utah, Weber and Tooele County apple orchards, 
moderate in peach orchards. (Knowlton). 


CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Inspection of 128,954 
citrus trees on 1,246 properties in the States of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, 
Sonora and Baja California revealed 35 infested trees on 12 properties. No 
infestations were found near the International Border. (PPC, Mex. Reg., 
Aug. Rpt.). 


Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Third Week of September - 
FLORIDA RED SCALE activity increased Sharply and level expected to reamin 
high at least into November, CITRUS RED MITE and CITRUS RUST MITE increased. 
(Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - DELAWARE - Continued light feeding on 

cole crops throughout State. Fed heavily on lima beans in Sussex County. 
(MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Problem in lettuce fields in Dona Ana 

and Eddy Counties where adequate control measures are not used. (N. M. Coop. 
Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on tomatoes in Woodland area, Yolo County. This 
species and Autographa californica medium and damaging lettuce in Watsonville 
area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


LOOPERS - VIRGINIA - Slight increase in populations in Northampton County. 
Adult emergence light, but hot, dry weather has been favorable to looper 
development. (Hofmaster) . 


DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on broccoli 
in Santa Maria area, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CELERY LEAF TIER (Udea rubigalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on celery in 
Arroyo Grande area, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Nomophila noctuella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on celery in 
Arroyo Grande area, San Luis Obispo County, and lettuce in Salinas area and 
light on broccoli in Castroville area, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Adults and larvae 
severe on celery, parsley and parsnips during September in Bucks County. 
(Menusan, Sept. 20). 


BUCKTHORN APHID (Aphis abbreviata) - MICHIGAN - Troublesome in many potatoes 
during the past month. (Hutson). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Difficult to control on 
potatoes in Butler (Sept. 20) and in Lehigh Counties. (Adams). IDAHO - 
Increased on potatoes in Ashton and Grace areas, decreased in Mackay area 
and remained static in Teton Basin. (Bishop). 


WATERLILY LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella nymphaeae) - OREGON - Probably this species, 
caused damage to potato, squash, rhubarb, bean, raspberry, strawberry, 
geranium and rose foliage in Clatsop County. (Every). 


LEAF-FOOTED BUG (Leptoglossus phyllopus) - FLORIDA - Adults on 30 acres of 
eggplant at Hague, Alachua County, common on persimmon fruit at MacClenny, 
Baker County, and on goldenrod blooms throughout the State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


- 850 - 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - UTAH - Caused moderate damage to 
potatoes in Kanosh area of Millard County. (Rickenback, Knowlton). 


MILLIPEDES - WASHINGTON - Severely damaged potato tubers at Medical Lake, 
Spokane County. (Telford, Sept. 19). 


POTATO ROT NEMATODE (Ditylenchus destructor) - WISCONSIN - Positive 
identification of 6 cases located in 5 new fields and one old test field . 
Five cases are located in Langlade County and one in Portage County. 

(Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 1-2 per plant 
on 130 acres of snap beans at Hague, Alachua County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - OKLAHOMA - Caused moderate defoliation 
to field peas in Payne County. (Coppock). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Fed lightly on lima beans 
throughout State. (MacCreary, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in 
Dona Ana County lettuce fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - This 
species and Pieris rapae medium on broccoli in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - Cutworms reported as H. phloxiphaga 
in CEIR 8(35):764, have been determined as this species. (Kicetemmeverta 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - FLORIDA - Eggs, larvae and 
adults averaged one per plant on 35 acres of snap beans in Alachua County. 
(Fla. Coop. Sur.). DELAWARE - Remained common to prevalent on lima beans 
in Kent and Sussex Counties. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Caused heavy damage 
to a Sussex County red pepper planting and light to moderate damage to same 
crop elsewhere in State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus fragaefolii) - OREGON - Populations much 
lower than normal in Linn County. (Every). 


GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in soil in San 
Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON INSECTS 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - LOUISIANA - First specimens of 
season were collected in gin trash from Vermilion Parish during week ending 
August 22. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). ARKANSAS - At Homan station, 504 
specimens were collected in 18 interceptions. Two interceptions were made at 
the Ogden station. (PPC, So. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). ARIZONA - Infested fields 
have been found adjacent to the known and original infestations reported 

in western Maricopa County in July. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). MEXICO - 
In the States of Coahuila and Durango, inspection of 170,045 blooms in 51 
locations in 5 municipios resulted in finding 4,959 larvae. Infestations 
were light to medium. Inspection of 16,200 green bolls in 198 locations 

in 20 municipios in the States of Coahuila, Durango and Chihuahua revealed 
total of 1,407 larvae in 14 of the municipios, infestations ranging from 
trace to medium. In the States of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas 158 lint cleaner 
inspections made at 30 locations in 5 municipios resulted in finding a total 
of 664 specimens. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Gin trash and 

lint cleaner inspections resulted in positive finds in Caddo, Canadian, 


- 851 - 


Comanche, Grady, Jefferson, Logan, McClain and Stephens Counties. Like 
inspections showed positive finds in 18 south central and southwestern 
counties. Infestations varied from trace to moderate. Samples from Cotton, 
Comanche and Caddo Counties contained approximately 30 larvae per bushel 

of trash. (Pela). 


COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light throughout 
Mesilla Valley. Honeydew a problem in a few fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Large numbers killed by virus 
disease is Shafter area, Kern County, preventing buildup. (Leigh, Beards). 


COTTON LEAF PERFORATOR (Bucculatrix thurbericlla) - CALIFORNIA - Increased and 
treatment necessary in many Imperial County cotton fields. (Peterson). 


SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light with spotty 
heavy infestations mainly on lower leaves in several cotton fields in Dona 
Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


WHITEFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Caused leaf crumple disease in Bard Valley. Many 
fields show serious reduction in yield. (Peterson). Buildup of parasites 
controlling these pests in cotton fields in Shafter area of Kern County. 
(Leigh, Beards). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - This species reamins a 
serious and perplexing problem in many cutting areas of LOUISIANA and 
MISSISSIPPI. It is undoubtedly the most troublesome forest insect in the 
Midsouth today. In Mississippi on the Homochitto, DeSoto and Kitsatchie 
National Forests, these insects have displayed an increasing tendency to 
attack standing trees rather than freshly cut stumps. On parts of the 
Homochitto and on several industrial lands, this species infesting trees in 
areas where cutting has not been done in recent years. (South. For. Pest 
Rptr.,Sept. 18). ARKANSAS - Activity apparently increased more than any of 
the major forest pests in the State. Control applied in Malvern, Rolla and 
Sheridan area. Infestations increased in Oden area on trees damaged by 
logging, and near Amity. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). 


IPS Situation in the Midsouth - Gradually increasing but at a normal rate 
for time of year. Comparatively high concentrations of scattered infested 
trees and spot attacks occur locally in areas of below-normal rainfall and 
in the vicinity of lightening strikes. If late summer is hot and dry, Ips 
populations may be expected to increase. (South. For. Pest. Rptr. Sept. 18). 
ARKANSAS - An upswing in activity during August in several localities. 

Some control applied. In the Hope, Camden, El Dorado area Ips spp. also 
increased with about 160 acres affected in one place. Slight increase in 
infestations in southwest Arkansas. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - A beginning epidemic 
in the Big Thicket of east Texas has been brought under control. Occasional 
spot infestations continue to appear but are being quickly mopped up by 
cutting and spraying crews. ALABAMA - In central Alabama scattered small 
attacks currently exist but the situation is much improved over previous 
years at this season. MISSISSIPPI - Relatively scarce in southwest area. 
(South. For. Pest Rptr., Sept. 18). 


- 852 - 


PALES WEEVIL (Hylobius pales) - PENNSYLVANIA - This species, in combination 
with another beetle, again causing considerable injurv to pines used for 
Christmas trees. (Udine). 


PINE BARK WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Adults attacking advanced pine reproduction 
in Clark County. Very light or not observed in most other areas. (Ark. 
For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). 


OAK TIMBERWORM (Arrhenodes minutus) - VIRGINIA - Damaged oak trees used for 
hardwood flooring by a firm in Virginia. Det. R. A. St. George. (Amos). 


ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant 
on coniferous trees and in houses in Schuylkill, Berks and Carbon Counties. 
(Menusan, Sept. 20). 


A SCALE INSECT (Nuculaspis californicus) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred on pines 
as a heavy infestation in Napa, Napa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A MOTH (Dioryctria sp.) - Larvae conspicuously injured twigs of long leaf 
pines of all sizes in parts of TEXAS, LOUISIANA and MISSISSIPPI. (South. 
For. Pest Rptr., Sept. 18). 


GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW YORK - Within entire suppressive area, 
male moths recovered only in Delaware and Putnam Counties. In Delaware 
County, not included in 1957 spray eradication program, 43 male moths 
recovered at 12 sites in 5 towns, all at or near locations where captures 
were made during 1957 survey. In Putnam County, sprayed in 1957, single 
specimens were captured in Patterson and Putnam Valley. In generally infested 
area poSitive catches occurred only in Unionvale and Dover, Dutchess County, 
all located outside or immediately inside irregular area sprayed in 1957. 

No specimens were recovered on Long Island or outside regulated area of State. 
NEW JERSEY - An adult moth trapped near Hibernia on August 18, determined 
positive September 12. No additional moths taken in 17 traps set within 
three-quarter mile radius of positive find. (PPC, East. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). 
MICHIGAN - Since the first catch of 2 moths on July 31, 11 additional moths 
were caught in the Bath-Victor Township area in Clinton County, one in 

Windsor PORES in Eaton County and onein Vevay Township in Ingham County, 
about 14 miles inside a previously sprayed area. The Eaton County infestation 
is 2 miles south of nearest sprayed area. Last moth caught was on August 25, 
(PPC, Cent. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). 


A PYRAUSTID MOTH (Nomophila noctuella) - WASHINGTON - Reared from Douglas 
fir near Nisqually. This is apparently the first record of this species 
attacking Douglas fir. Det. H. W. Capps. (Johnson, Sept. 19). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - NEW MEXICO - Defoliating branches of eln, 
poplar, mulberry and pecan trees throughout Mesilla Valley. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


NANTUCKET PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - Present in young loblolly and 
shortleaf pine plantations generally in the Midsouth. In some areas damaged 
foliage attracted considerable attention. In ARKANSAS, LOUISIANA and 
northern MISSISSIPPI, infestations reported on trees of all sizes. (South. 
For. Pest Rptr., Sept. 18). OKLAHOMA - Infestations averaging as high as 

90 percent in some pines in Payne County. (Bieberdorf). TEXAS - Damage to 
young pines in Brazos County. (Davis). 


PINE SAWFLIES - LOUISIANA - Many trees in several hundred acres of longleaf 
pine were defoliated in August near Alexandria by Neodiprion lecontei. 
(South. For. Pest Rptr., Sept. 18). FLORIDA - A sawfly (Neodiprion prob. 
exitans) in larval stage reported to be infesting over 100,000 acres of 
loblolly pine in Taylor County. (Dekle). 


- 853 - 


WALKINGSTICKS - PENNSYLVANIA - Quite numerous in forest trees in Tioga 
County. (Gesell, Sept. 18). 


A GALL INSECT - TEXAS - Infesting leaves of oaks in Brazoria, Harris, 
Galveston and Navarro Counties. (Co. Agr. Agents). 


BAGWORMS - ARKANSAS - Activity heavy again this year on cedar and related trees. 
Defoliation was seen in some areas across the northern area. (Ark. For. 

Pest Rpt., Sept.). ALABAMA - Light infestations of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis 
on cedars in Colbert County. (Grimes, Sept. 20). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ARKANSAS - Increased activity 
in several areas of State. Larvae and adults were very numerous on most 
Chinese elms. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Sept.). 


POPLAR TENT MAKER (Ichthyura inclusa) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliating willow 
locally in Caldwell County. (Scott, Rabb) 


CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) - DELAWARE - Feeding very heavily on 
catalpas in Sussex County. Many trees completely defoliated. (MacCreary, 
Conrad). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - DELAWARE - Very heavy damage to 
mimosa and honeylocust throughout the State. (MacCreary, Conrad). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


BLACK WIDOW SPIDER (Latrodectus mactans) - OREGON - More abundant than normal 
in southern area. (Every). 


EYE GNATS (Hippelates spp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations of H. collusor 
and H. dorsalis on mammals in the Coachella Valley of Riverside County, 
Borrego Valley of San Diego County and El Toro area of Orange County. (Mulla). 


MOSQUITOES - UTAH - Troublesome in Utah, Tooele, Cache, Uintah and Duchesne 
Counties. Mosquitoes entering homes in Cache and Box Elder Counties largely 
Anopheles freeborni. (Knowlton). NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes sollicitans biting 
in high numbers during mid-September. As many as 200 alighting per minute. 
(Ashton). MARYLAND - A horse died of encephalitis at Cambridge, September 23. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - IDAHO - Very abundant and causing annoyance 
in Moscow area. (Homan, Chao, Blair). UTAH - Serious problem throughout 
Millard County. (Rickenbach). Generally troublesome throughout State, 
worse than in several years. (Knowlton). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 300-400 per untreated range 
animal in northwestern and panhandle areas as well as in Payne and Canadian 
Counties. (Howell). UTAH - Still troublesome generally, fairly serious in 
Utah County. (Knowlton). 


SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Numerous in Millard County farm herds. 
(Knowlton). 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - ALABAMA - A slight spread has been 
reported. Infested animals found in Autauga, Elmore and Montgomery Counties. 
Sterile flies are being dropped over the infested and surrounding areas. 
(Grimes) . 


- 854 - 


CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Troublesome in Millard and Uintah Counties. (Knowlton) 


SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - TEXAS - Causing concern around homes 
in Wharton County. (Hermansen) . 


FIRE ANT (Solenopsis geminata) - TEXAS - Causing concern around homes and 
annoying livestock in Karnes, Galveston and Val Verde Counties. (Co. Agr. Agents). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - KANSAS - Much heavier infestations 
than usual reported from Grant County. (Gates). NORTH DAKOTA - A severe 
infestation in 11 bins of CCC shelled corn in Ransom County. The corn had 
been in storage 3 years. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) - WYOMING - Infested several grain bins 
near Powell, Park County. (Davison). 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - Three new infestations were 
reported. (PPC, West. Reg., Aug. Rpt.). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PARASITES AND PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 2-5 per 

10 sweeps in alfalfa and 1-3 per head in grain sorghum in panhandle and north- 
western areas, Nabis sp. 3-5 per 10 sweeps and lacewings 1-3 in alfalfa in same 
areas. (VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Lacewings very numerous in Mesilla Valley 
cotton fields. Aphidius testaceipes parasitizing Aphis gossypii in Mesilla 
Valley cotton fields, with as many as 150-200 parasitized aphids per leaf in 
heavily infested fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Lady beetles and 

Nabis spp. generally decreased in alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - GEORGIA - One beetle trapped in Clayton, 
Rabun County. TENNESSEE - One beetle trapped at rear of post office in 
Johnson City, Washington County, in eastern portion of State. (PPC, So. Reg., 
Aug. Rpt.). ILLINOIS - A new location of. infestation was confirmed in a 
railroad yard at Bedford Park, south of Midway Airport. This was in addition 
to the 2 newly-infested areas reported in July, in which it is estimated 8 
acres are infested in East Peoria and 5,000 to 8,000 acres infested in the 
Blue Island-Riverdale area. One beetle was trapped August 28 approximately 

3 miles south of and outside of border band treated around the Sheldon area. 
INDIANA - Two new infested areas reported at Goshen and West Lafayette. 

IOWA - Total of 139 beetles captured at Fort Madison. Infestation outside 
treated area appears very light. MICHIGAN - To date 123 beetles have been 
found in Detroit area. One beetle was found in Benton Harbor and one was 
found in Delhi Township, south of Lansing, where subsequent beetles were found. 
Only one beetle was found in the Grand Rapids area this year. MISSOURI - 
Additional beetles have been trapped and hand-captured in Humboldt Street 
infestation in St. Louis. (PPC, Cent.Reg., Aug. Rpt.). 


- 855 - 


CRICKETS - TEXAS - Annoying merchants in Meridian, Bosque County. 
(Davis). 


A STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus) - OHIO - Entering 
residences in Cleveland area for winter Shelter. (Rings). 


VINEGAR FLIES - VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy and a nuisance in homes in Albemarle 
County. (Bobb). 


MONARCH BUTTERFLY (Danaus plexippus) - WEST VIRGINIA - Migratory activities 
evident. One tagged specimen from Toronto, Canada, collected in Monongalia 
County-w GWa Via Ins). |S): 


PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus pisorum) - WASHINGTON - Adults moving to hibernation 
quarters during August and September became a minor household pest in Palouse 
region. (Johansen). 


PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - MISSISSIPPI - Causing considerable 
attention over northern portion of State. (Hutchins). 


CORRECTION 


CEIR 8(35):766 - PINK BOLLWORM - TEXAS - Last sentence should read: "The 
El Paso infestation appeared somewhat lighter than in 1957." 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


MINNESOTA - Survey showed Melanoplus femur-rubrum dominant species in State, 
but M. bivitattus increased in all but north central and northeast districts, 
being predominant in one east central, 2 central and 3 northwest counties. 

M. differentialis built up in the southwest and to a lesser extent in the 
south central district. M. bilituratus found in several fields in 7 
northwest counties, but populations were quite low. Populations of all species 
were greatly reduced in early instars due to cool wet weather and are very 
spotty and generally quite low, although a very few local areas showed 

heavy and severe populations with some damage to legumes and adjoining 

crops. With the exception of 4 relatively small scattered areas showing 
threatening populations, the State generally has a non-economic to light 
infestation and little crop damage was experienced. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


MARYLAND - MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE light and CORN EARWORM rare on soybeans at 
Aquasco, Prince Georges County. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR stripping tops of 
apple trees at Rockville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


=896) — 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Protoparce Heliothis 


unip. yps. ormnith. margin true, sexta quing. zea vires. 


ALABAMA 
Crossville 9/22 14 2 4 29 
FLORIDA 
Quincy 9/15 33 3 24 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 9/19-25 30 7 4 36 85 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 9/15-23 8 5 12 9 1 10 2 26 
Tippecanoe 9/15-23 74 29 49 51 10 94 
KANSAS 
Garden City 9/18-23 16 Ak?) il 98 
Hays 9/17-20,22-24 38 28 541 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 9/19-25 9 61 1 
Franklin 9/22,24 13 3 
Shreveport 9/24 13 al 7 1 9 
MISSISSIPPI 
Grenada 9/15-20 8 ri @) 
Senatobia 9/12-18 4 2 9 
*State College 9/20-26 177 33 106 2 133 2 480 22 
*Stoneville 9/19-25 50 10 8 i: 51 25 1 
NEBRASKA 
Alliance 9/10-12 94 3 21 2 245 
Kearney 9/11-17 51 98 24 6 6 1204 
North Platte 9/12-18 68 4 3 18 12 3 ak 652 
Scotts Bluff 9/9-22 203 9 48 4 3 334 
NORTH CAROLINA 
Clayton 9/19-25 1 1 3 3 
Faison 9/19-25 6 3 aks} al 2 al 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 9/15-26 91 36 ol 1 107 50 19 241 6 
Clemson 9/20-26 PALE 11 49 3 27 3 al! 22 
Florence 9/21-27 73 19 50 6 86 5 2 173 4 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 
Blount 9/16-22 40 28 32 12 76 
Cumberland 9/16-22 80 26 22 6 6 36 84 
Greene 9/16-22 76 10 56 32 44 
Johnson 9/16-22 458 70 162 16 32 2 86 
Madison 9/16-22 29 ial 20 2 9 227 
Maury 9/16-22 20: 3 6 U2 36 
Robertson 9/16-22 32 16 124 8 12 312 
TEXAS 
Waco 9/20-26 55 41 20 gyal 


* Two traps - State College and Stoneville 


—) {Shai 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


RICE HISPID (Dicladispa armigera (Olivier) ) 


Economic Importance: 


(la) Larval mines, 
in leaf tissue, 


(3) Pupa, 
feeding. 


Damage to Rice 


(1b) Egg inserted 
(2) Mature larva, 
(4) Adult, (5) Adult leaf 


This beetle is considered to be one of the most serious 
pests of rice in areas of India, Burma and East Pakistan. 


It sporadically 
causes serious losses to paddy rice, 
causing considerable damage to the 
leaves, particularly to rice that is 
standing in water. In southern Burma 
it is injurious practically every year 
from July to October and in East 
Pakistan from April to August. In 
July of 1925, 40 to 50 percent of 

the rice crop was lost in the Wenchow 
district of Chekiang, China. The pest 
is most injurious to rice when it is 
in the seedbed and just after trans- 
planting in India and Pakistan. Large 
yellow spots, caused by larval mining, 
become evident on the leaves. The 
field becomes yellow, the plants 
wither and the leaves dry. Adult 
feeding causes additional leaf damage. 
Adults may become very abundant, at 
times, during the early spring when 
heavy migrations come from the waste- 
lands and surrounding jungles. 


Distribution: Occurs throughout the 
southern and eastern part of India, 
Nepal, East Pakistan, Burma, Thailand, 
Indonesia, Indochina, Formosa and the 
coastal part of China. 


o oo ry ra TT 


General Distribution of Rice Hispid 


Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera 


No. 60 of Series 


Hers) 


Hosts: Rice is the most important cultivated host, but it has also been 
recorded on turnips, jute, sugarcane and wild rice. Wild grasses are 
alternate hosts. 


Life History and Habits: The eggs are laid singly on the upper surface of 
the leaf, each egg being inserted in the leaf tissue but almost exposed 
and easily visible. The egg hatches in 5-7 days and the larva mines 
between the upper and lower epidermis, forming a characteristic "blotch" 
appearance on the leaf. The larvae often emerge from the mines and crawl 
to other parts of the leaf or to fresh leaves. Pupation takes place in 
the leaf after 15 to 17 days. Generally speaking, the pest is dependent 
on moist conditions and attacks rice that is submerged in preference to 
rice on higher land from which the water has run-off. Soft-leaf varieties 
of rice are more susceptible to damage than the hard-leaf varieties. There 
are 3 or 4 generations annually in Formosa. The adult overwinters in 
wastelands or grasslands. 


Description: The adults are small, 5 mm. from occiput to apex of elytra, 
metallic blue to black. Antennae are set closely together in front of head, 
with a small spine at the lower edge of basal antennal joint; no spines on 
antennal joints above. Prothorax with a single four branched spine (almost 
four single spines from one base) at each side in front and a single spine 

at each side behind. Prothorax otherwise unspined. Sides of elytra 
parallel, ends not truncate, numerous spines present. Larva flattened, 

white or yellow with black markings, first three segments broader than 
abdomen. Eggs oval, about 2 mm. long. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section 
in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(40) 10-3-58 


Adult of D. armigera 


Figures (except map): Adult from Kalshoven, L. G. E. 1951. De Plagen van de 
Cultuurgewassen in Indonesie. Vol. II, pp. 515-1065. Damage and immature 
stages from Narayanan, E. §S. 1953. Indian Farming 3(5) :8-13, 31. 


Sei 


it 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weékly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 3 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural a 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 - October 10, 1958 Number 41 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER found for first time in several Arkansas counties. (p. 861). 
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found for first time in Washington. Causing some 

damage to alfalfa in several areas. (p. 862). Severe infestation of red 

clover in Oregon by CLOVER ROOT BORER. (p. 863). 


A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus graminicola) reported from California for the first 
time. (p. 863). 


CABBAGE LOOPER continues a problem in several areas. (p. 865). 


ELM SPANWORM a problem in several Southeastern States. One million acres of 
hardwood forest may be defoliated in 1959. 


CORRECTION (p. 868). 
SURVEY METHOD - White pine weevil appraisal survey. (p. 871). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 873). 


FI I ICI IR II IK IG A RK I IK a OK aI aK aK 25 kek 2 aici kc 2 2k ak akc kc 2 akc ak 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 3, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 860 - 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
OCTOBER 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for October calls for temperatures to 
average below seasonal normals over most of the nation east of the Continental 
Divide except for near to slightly above normal in New England and along the 
South Atlantic coast. Greatest departures are indicated over the Central Plains. 
Above normal temperatures are predicted for West Coast States, and near 

normal in the inter-mountain area. Precipitation is expected to exceed normal 
over the eastern third of the nation and also in the west Gulf States. 

Subnormal amounts are predicted west of the Continental Divide and in the 
Northern Plains. In unspecified areas near normal precipitation is in prospect. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", 
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through 
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a 
half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 6 


Last week's weather was unusually warm and dry in the Far West and cool and 
dry east of the Continental Divide, except in the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal 
States where 1 to 4 rainy days produced rainfall totals of an inch or more. 
Except for Arizona which reported up to an inch of rain at some southern and 
eastern points, the Far West received no rain at all. And temperatures for 
the week averaged from 3° to 10° above normal in the Pacific States. In 
California, abnormally warm weather has persisted for several months, and 
last week's anomalies which ranged up to 10° or more were the greatest this 
year to date The warm weather also ended one of the warmest Septembers 
along California's coast, where San Francisco had its warmest month in history, 
San Diego its second warmest September, and Los Angeles its third warmest. 
Extending northward along the coast of Oregon, the hot weather pushed the 
mercury up to 99° at Brookings on September 30 and temperatures for the week 
there averaged 18° above normal. The hot, dry weather produced an extreme 
fire hazard in many areas. Three major fires broke out in California and 
before being controlled, 1 firefighter was killed near Newhall, 8 homes and 
20 cabins near Monrovia were burned, and 14,000 acres of watershed land were 
blackened. 


Cold air overspread all areas east of the Rockies except southern Florida 
early in the week, and low temperatures ranged from the teens in extreme 
north-central areas to freezing at points in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Kentucky. 
This freeze was about 2 weeks early in many sections. Kansas reported its 
first snow of the season, a trace at Goodland on September 30, and flurries 
were general in the northern two-thirds of Minnesota on October 1. The lowest 
temperatures in the Northeast, however, occurred at the end of the week when 
another cold air mass moved across that section pushing the mercury down into 
the 20's at many inland stations. In the northern Great Plains, an almost 
rainless week prolonged the general need for rain there. Elsewhere in the 
Plains, the dry weather favored harvesting operations. Rains in the Gulf States 
interupted farm activities. Tropical storm Janice, moving in a northerly 
direction across Cuba and the Bahamas, had gained hurricane intensity at 

11:00 p.m. on October 6 e.s.t. when about 250 miles east of Palm Beach, 
Florida. At 5:00 a.m., October 7, e.s.t. She was about 330 miles east of 
Melbourne, Florida, moving northeastward about 17 mph. (Summary supplied by 

U. S. Weather Bureau). 


— 86 — 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - KANSAS - Populations practically non-existent in eight 
southeastern counties. (Matthew). TEXAS - Medium infestation of Melanoplus 
bilituratus on wheat in Hansford, Sherman, Moore, Dallam and Hartley Counties. 
(Russell). Medium infestation in Deaf Smith County. (Thomas). WISCONSIN - 
Well dispersed; extent of egg deposition unknown. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 

NORTH CAROLINA - Melanoplus sp. abundant in Henderson County. (Thompson, Pake). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - KANSAS - Percent stalk infestation 
averaged 16.6 percent and average number of borers per 100 stalks was 26.6 

in Anderson, Linn, Bourbon, Crawford, Cherokee, Labette and Neosho Counties. 
(Matthew). OHIO - Fall population low in Van Wert County; 24 fields of field 
corn intensively surveyed, averaged 14 larvae per 100 plants. (Triplehorn). 
ARKANSAS - Found for first time in Sebastian, Scott, Polk, Montgomery, Miller, 
Nevada and Howard Counties. Also found in corn in Hempstead County. Larvae 
found in young corn; early planted corn not infested. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., 

Sept. 27). WISCONSIN - Populations appear low. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Common on corn and alfalfa in New 
Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). OHIO - Severe infestation on field 

corn at Lima. Otherwise, infrequently encountered in northwestern area. 
(Triplehorn). OKLAHOMA - Counts per head of grain sorghum averaged 0.1-0.3 
in Hughes, Haskell and Pittsburg Counties and 1.6 in Tonkawa area. (VanCleave, 
Henderson). NEVADA - Heavy infestations present in field corn in Moapa 
Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Sept. 26). CALIFORNIA - Populations light to 
medium in corn in Upper Lake, Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Severe damage 
to corn in Chino area of San Bernardino County with heaviest populations 

in late corn. (Purnell). Heavy general populations in beans and light in 
grain sorghums in Robbins area of Sutter County. (Lindt). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - NEVADA - Heavy infestation on timothy in 
Smith Valley area, Lyon County. Some fields damage very severe and,larval 
migrations quite common. (Bechtel, Burge, Gallaway, Sept. 26). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - KANSAS - Damage observed in few corn 
fields in southeastern area. Infestations ranged from 4 to 8 percent. No 

ear droppage. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Infestations in corn observed in 13 
counties. Pest rather general in late corn but much less severe than in 

1957. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). Scattered infestations on young small 
grain in State. (Dowell, Sept, 27). TEXAS - Light damage on early oats in 
Zavala County in September. (Adam). Infestation present most early and 
volunteer grain fields in north central area, counts light to heavy. Two 
treated fields with considerable damage showing. Counts were 30-40 per linear 
foot of row. Early planted fields not very numerous. Later plantings of 
small grains not expected to be damaged. (Chada). Medium to heavy infestations 
in Brazos County. (Sistrunk). DELAWARE - Common on ears of late field corn 
throughout State. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging from 3-10 per 
10 heads some fields late grain sorghum in Hughes, Pittsburg and Haskell 
Counties to 30-50 per 10 heads some fields in Muskogee County. (VanCleave). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Found in 4 
southeastern counties. Infestations averaged 4 percent in Crawford County, 
5.6 in Cherokee County, 4.8 in Labette County and 0.8 in Neosho County. 
About 60 percent of larvae moved below ground level and girdled stalks 
beginning to lodge. (Matthew). ARKANSAS - Larvae below ground level most 
corn fields; about 60 percent winter phase. All instars found in younger 
corn. Lodging of corn less than in past 2 or 3 years. Severest lodging 


ths) 


observed was 18 percent in field in Sebastian County. Few fields of late 
corn as high as 60 percent infestation; lodging may be severe in these fields 
later. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). 


SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - DELAWARE - Common in 
some fields of corn in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


SAP BEETLES - UTAH - Conspicuous on sweet corn at Minersville, Beaver County. 
Common on corn at Green River, Emery County, and throughout Grand, Kane 

and Washington Counties. Some infestations as far north as Box Elder and 
Cache Counties. (Knowlton). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - KANSAS - Adults active in several corn 
fields in southeastern area of State. Counts ranged from 40 to over 600 
per stalk in infested fields. (Matthew). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200-300 per 
stalk some fields of grain sorghum in Hughes County. (VanCleave). 

ARKANSAS - Observed on corn in southwest area. Numbers ranged from 0 to 
as high as 200-300 per plant in one field in Miller County. A few nymphs 
present. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). TEXAS - Light infestations in small 
grain fields; numerous on volunteer sorghum plants in fields. (Chada). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - WASHINGTON - Was abundant on water- 
grass, now prevalent on fall grains, especially barley. (Landis). 

OKLAHOMA - Averaging 200-300 per stalk of grain sorghum some fields in 
Hughes County. (VanCleave). DELAWARE - Common on late field corn throughout 
State. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 20-30 percent 
damage to heads of grain sorghum some fields in central and east central 
areas. (VanCleave). Many adults reared from heads of sorghum in laboratory 
in Payne County; none in fields. (Henderson). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 

2-3 per 10 sweeps some alfalfa fields in Muskogee County. (VanCleave). 
CALIFORNIA - Light infestation on alfalfa in Standish area of Lassen County. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Moderately common in alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). 
NEW MEXICO - Averaged 2-3 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa fields at Gila and Cliff, 
Grant County, and about 1 per 10 sweeps at Animas and Rodeo, Hidalgo County. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Light damage to alfalfa fields 
in Standish area of Lassen County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - WASHINGTON - Recorded for first 
time in State. Infesting alfalfa 8 miles along Columbia River, Plymouth to 
Whitcomb; 8 miles north of Columbia River into Horseheaven Hills; and from 
Wallula to College Place. (Klostermeyer, Cook). OREGON - Present in Umatilla, 
Gilliam and Morrow Counties. Economic damage light in two fields in Butter 
Creek area of Umatilla County. (Larson, Foster). CALIFORNIA - Infestations 
increasing in Vidal area of San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Light 
to heavy spot infestations in Byron area of Contra Costa County. Not showing 
all fields. (Bell). NEVADA - Infestations generally light in Clark County 
except in drier fields in Moapa Valley where counts averaged 20-40 per stem. 
Spotted, light infestatons present for first time this year in Douglas County. 
(Roberts, Betchel, Sept. 26). COLORADO - Counts per 100 sweeps in eastern 
area on September 24 were none at Greeley and Easton, 40 at Windsor, 20 at 
Platteville, 250 at Brighton and 10 at Loveland. (Exp. Sta.). UTAH - Light 

to moderate in Washington County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Averaging 0-25 per 
10 sweeps some alfalfa fields in Garvin and Muskogee Counties. (VanCleave). 


- 863 - 


KANSAS - Found in nearly all alfalfa fields surveyed in southeastern area. 
Counts on established stands ranged to highs of 40 per sweep. Common in 
seedling fields; no feeding observed. Infested fields also found in Lyon 
and Wabaunsee Counties in east central area. (Matthew). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - KANSAS - Populations quite low all alfalfa 
fields surveyed. Counts ranged from 1 to 15 per sweep. (Matthew). UTAH - 
Increasing damage to alfalfa in scattered localities of several northern and 
central counties. (Knowlton). IDAHO - Adundant in three alfalfa hay fields 
near Glenns Ferry and King Hill. (Edwards). NEW MEXICO - Generally light in 
most alfalfa fields in Luna, Hidalgo, Grant and Dona Ana Counties. Moderately 
heavy infestations at Rodeo, Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 
8-15 per 10 sweeps some alfalfa fields in Garvin and Muskogee Counties. 
(VanCleave). NEVADA - Counts averaged from 15-60 per sweep in alfalfa in 
Moapa Valley, Clark County. (Bechtel, Sept. 26). NEW MEXICO - From 2-4 per 
sweep in alfalfa at Virden and about 10 to 12 per sweep at Rodeo and Animas, 
Hidalgo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CLOVER ROOT BORER (Hylastinus obscurus) - OREGON - Serious outbreak occurring 
in Marion County red clover seed fields. Fields planted in spring of 1958 
being injured. (Ottaway). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 3-8 per 10 sweeps 
some alfalfa fields in Garvin and Muskogee Counties. (VanCleave). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - 
Heavy flights on September 19 and common in soybeans and alfalfa in New 
Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


SOD WEBWORMS - TEXAS - Heavy infestation in Gonzales, Willacy, Cameron, Hidalgo 
and Brazos Counties. (Hawkins, Johnson, Jordan). OREGON - Low populations, 

0-5 larvae per 6-inch square, in Merion bluegrass and to a lesser degree in 
Chewings fescue seed fields in Marion County. Little injury occurring to 

seed grasses. (Dickason, Lattin). 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueellay - OKLAHOMA - Fifth-generation 
larvae infesting 20 percent of peanut terminals in Payne County. (Walton). 


A MEALYBUG (Heterococcus graminicola) - CALIFORNIA - Collected in State for 
first time. Medium infestation on lawn grass in Davis, Yolo County. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in pastures 
in Klamath area of Del Norte County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WHEAT CURL MITE (Aceria tulipae) - IDAHO - Widespread and fairly abundant on 

orchardgrass and quackgrass southeast and north of Moscow. Also on volunteer 
wheat south of Moscow. No evidence of wheat streak mosaic virus found during 
survey. (Foote). 


BILLBUGS - OREGON - Damaging lawns in Benton County and Merion bluegrass fields 
in Marion County. Injury difficult to evaluate because of low populations 
most instances. (Dickason, Lattin). 


WHITE GRUBS - VIRGINIA - Severe some lawns and forested areas in Patrick 
County. (Olinger). TEXAS - Phyllophaga rugosa causing heavy damage in lawns 
in Hidalgo County. (Hawkins). 


- 864 - 


FRUIT INSECTS 


SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) - NEVADA - Seriously damaging apple and 
peach trees in Sparks, Washoe County. (Hilbig, Sept. 26). 


UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) - PENNSYLVANIA - 
Several quite severe infestations on apple in Bedford County. (Udine). 


Apple Insects Northern Virginia - Third brood of Argyrotaenia velutinana 
damaging apples in some northern orchards. About 5 percent of apples damaged 
on an area basis. All other apple insects were minor in northern orchards 

in 1958 except for Anuraphis roseus which, in the spring, accounted for one 
third of the crop in some orchards where controls were not applied or 
incorrectly applied. (Hough). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - UTAH - Higher than normal in some Orem 
and Payson commercial apple orchards. (Davis, Knowlton). 


MITES (Tetranychus sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Still active and feeding in several 
apple orchards near Albuquerque, Bernalillo County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Severely defoliating 
prune and walnut in Yuba City area, Sutter County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 
Scattered, light infestations of walnut trees in central and eastern Contra 
Costa County. (Bell, Ext. Serv.). 


PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Local planting of pears in 
Orangevale, Sacramento County, severely damaged. (Moorehead, Ext. Serv.). 


DRIED-FRUIT BEETLE (Carpophilus hemipterus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy adult 
populations occurring in grapes in Gilory, Santa Clara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SMALL CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio auriger) - MARYLAND - Larval emergence at 
peak, oviposition continues in Queen Annes County. Ground treatments have 
given more than 95 percent control, but damage shows in sprayed orchards. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Damaging pecan trees in 
Navarro County. (Burleson). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


GARDEN SYMPHYLID~(Scutigerella immaculata) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations 
in roots of peas in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Moderate to heavy feeding on late 
lima beans in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


\ 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - 
Prevalent on late lima beans in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca abrupta) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations damaging 
squash plantings in Anaheim area of Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations damaging melons 
in La Jolla area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


- 865 - 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Causing medium damage to potato 
plantings in Stronghold area of Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Severe in 
cabbage in Chino area of San Bernardino County. (Purnell). UTAH - Injury above 
normal this season. (Davis, Knowlton). NEW MEXICO - Extremely heavy infestation 
in cabbage field at Deming, Luna County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - 

Some fields of broccoli and greens quite heavily infested on Eastern Shore. 
Control not satisfactory. (Hofmaster). MARYLAND - Population decreasing 
sharply on cabbage at Fairland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


CABBAGE MAGGOT (Hylemya brassicae) - WASHINGTON - On fall turnips at Union 
Gap. (Landis). 


POTATO ROT NEMATODE (Ditylenchus destructor) - WISCONSIN - Eight infestations 
found in Langlade County and one in Portage County to date in 1958. (Wis. 
Coop. Sur., Oct. 3). 


PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestations damaging 
bell peppers in the Oxnard area of Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Almost completely destroyed about 
40 acres of first-year seed onions in Parma area. About 20 percent of stand 
remains, All stages of larvae present. (Scott). 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations damaging 
potato plantings in Stronghold area of Modoc County, on lettuce in Borrego 
Springs area and on bell peppers in Encanto area of San Diego County. Heavy 
infestations on peas in Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A LEAF MINER - VIRGINIA - Heavy infestations reported in leaves of beets by 
a species of dipterous larvae, probably Pegomya hyoscyami, on August 18 in 
Bland County. (Morris). 


WHITE GRUBS - IDAHO - Infesting small planting of sweetpotatoes near Parma. 
Approximately 65 to 74 percent of roots attacked, some roots completely 
destroyed. Species possibly Ligyrus gibbosus. (Scott). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaging 30-70 percent 
infestation of Squares and small bolls in late cotton fields in Sequoyah 
County. (VanCleave). 


COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - OKLAHOMA - Generally light in Sequoyah County. 
Heavy in spots one field. (VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Generally light 
infestations on cotton throughout Dona Ana, Luna and Hidalgo Counties. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - NEVADA - Spotted, medium infestation 
occurred in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Coop. Rpt., Sept. 26). 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEVADA - Survey of 2,684 acres 

with inspection of 4,857 bolls in Pahrump Valley, Nye County, and Moapa Valley, 
Clark County, was negative. Light trap collections also negative. (Coop. 

Rpt., Sept. 26). 


- 866 - 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 

SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - The epidemic that began in 
1952-53 in western NORTH CAROLINA, estern TENNESSEE, northeastern GEORGIA 
and northwestern SOUTH CAROLINA appears to have subsided. The epidemic in 
Tyrrell County,eastern NORTH CAROLINA, covered a 145-square mile area, 
involving 450 trees. Ground examinations of several of the infested areas 
revealed attacked trees contained very heavy broods and that at least 50 
percent more trees with green needles had been injured. The epidemic is 
increasing and possibly 12,000 trees will be killed in 1958. (Southeast. For. 
Ins. and Dis. Newsl., Sept.). 


A PINE BARK BEETLE (Pityophthorus carmeli)- CALIFORNIA - Reported as damaging 
stands of Monterey pines in area below Point Lobos Park in Monterey County. 
Damaging smaller branches and twigs and causing yellow flagging in the trees. 
(Dowdakin). 


BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - More reports received 
concerning activity in mountains in previous years in the Southeastern States. 
Control applied in two areas, the George Washington National Forest in 
VIRGINIA and the Chattahoochee National Forest in GEORGIA. Tree mortality 
almost negligible in both these locations. Infestations fairly heavy in 
western NORTH CAROLINA. (Southeast. For. Ins. and Dis. Newsl., Sept.). 


ADLER FLEA BEETLE (Altica ambiens) - IDAHO - Very widespread in northern area. 
Adults still active on October 1. (Clark). 


ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - PENNSYLVANIA - Complete defoliation 
in a ten-square mile area of oak in Cumberland County, September 23. Pupae and 
larvae now present. (Drooz). 


A FIR CONE MOTH (Barbara colfaxiana) - CALIFORNIA - Considerable damage to 
Douglas fir cones in Siskiyou and Shasta Counties. Practically 100 percent 
of seeds in cones examined were destroyed. (USFS). 


NANTUCKET -PINE MOTH (Rhyacionia frustrana) - TEXAS - Damaging young pines in 
Madison County. (Garrett). 


ELM SPANWORM (Ennomos subsignarius) - Defoliation in GEORGIA, TENNESSEE and 
NORTH CAROLINA occurred on some 570,000 acres of hardwood forest during May 
and June, an increase of 270,000 acres over the affected area of 1957. 
Complete defoliation occurred in TENNESSEE near Sassafras Knob and west of 
Hiwassee Reservoir in NORTH CAROLINA. This year adult flights extremely heavy 
in Murphy, NORTH CAROLINA, and observed in Knoxville, TENNESSEE and Athens, 
GEORGIA. If the spread of the insect increases next year as in the past, 

it is quite possible that one million acres of hardwood forest will suffer 
measurable defoliation. (Southeast. For. Ins. and Dis. Newsl., Sept.). 


PINE NEEDLE SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) - PENNSYLVANIA - Limbs killed on 
30-foot spruces in Elk County, September 26. (Adams). 


SARATOGA SPITTLEBUG (Aphrophora saratogensis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Severe injury 
to pines in Clarion County. (Drooz). 


GALL INSECTS - TEXAS - Infesting leaves of oaks in Harris, Dallas, Freestone, 
Brazoria and Brazos Counties. (Co. Agr. Agents). 


A BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) - NORTH CAROLINA - Severe mortality 
of Fraser fir on 1500 acres of Mt. Mitchell scenic and recreation area 
apparently due to this species. (Southeast. For. Ins. and Dis. Newsl., Sept.). 


- 867 - 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - ARKANSAS - Severe damage to 
Chinese elms in Arkadelphia. Lack of equipment resulted in poor control. 
(Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - ARKANSAS - Defoliated majority of 
mimosas in Arkadelphia. (Ark. Coop. Rpt., Sept. 27). 


HAWTHORN LACE BUG (Corythucha cydoniae) - OKLAHOMA - Abnormally heavy, for 
this time of year, on pyracantha in Payne County. (Walton). 


SCALE INSECTS - MARYLAND - Aspidiotus perniciosus common on Japanese quince 
and many other ornamentals over State. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). NORTH DAKOTA - 
A heavy infestation of Lecanium corni on green ash at Crosby in northwestern 
area. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - MARYLAND - Additional specimens 
brought to Wheaton on yard furniture from out-of-State, September 30. These 
specimens and previous one (CEIR 8(39):836) regarded as interceptions. As 
far as known, this insect is not established in Maryland. (Bissell). 

WYOMING - Recently a problem in Evanston. (Davison). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NEVADA - Larvae from cattle and swine 
at Fallon, Churchill County; Caliente and Elgin, Lincoln County; and Dayton, 
Lyon County identified as this species. (Bechtel, Sept. 26). 


HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) - OKLAHOMA - Populations extremely high in sheltered 
areas in Payne and Sequoyah Counties. (Howell, VanCleave). IDAHO - Unusually 
abundant in Twin Falls. A nuisance in houses and office buildings within the 
city. (Gibson). 


YELLOW JACKETS - UTAH - Annoying elk hunters and campers in some northern 
areas. (Knowlton). 


FLEAS - OKLAHOMA - Numerous in some recently vacated homes in Payne County. 
(Howell). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - NORTH DAKOTA - A heavy infestation 
in newly stored oats at Williston. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaging 4-8 per 10 sweeps in 
central and east central area. Nabis sp. averaging O-6 per 10 sweeps in 
alfalfa in same area. (VanCleave). NEW MEXICO - Syrphid larvae averaged 2 per 
sweep in alfalfa fields heavily infested with pea aphids at Rodeo, Hidalgo 
County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


- 868 - 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - TENNESSEE - Collected in light trap in 
Johnson County. (Bennett). 


GREATER WAX MOTH (Galleria mellonella) - NORTH CAROLINA - Local infestation 
in beeyard in Polk County. (Stephen, Farrier). 


CORRECTION 


CEIR 8(39):834 - Heliothis zea - Colorado - Last sentence should read "This 
is the lowest second week September count average for the past 4 years." 


= (Hoe) = 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Anticarsia Heliothis 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. gemmatalis zea 

ALABAMA 

Crossville 9/29 1 3 
ARKANSAS 

Kelso 9/18-24 5 15 3 174 

Fayetteville 9/18-24 12 12 28 69 
FLORIDA 

Quincy 9/15,23,29 6 3 33 
ILLINOIS 

Urbana 9/22-10/2 16 ak 2 22 1 35 
INDIANA(Counties) 

Orange 9/24-28 4 3 2 12 

Tippecanoe 9/25-10/1 19 17 12 25 9 8 
KANSAS 

Hayes 9/26-29 2 46 

Manhattan 9/27-30 9 
LOUISIANA 

Shreveport 9/26-10/2 3 aL 1 ales} 2 26 

Franklin 10/1 2 

Baton Rouge 9/26-10/2 4 Cf 5 1 57 33 19 
MISSISSIPPI 

*Stoneville 9/26-10/2 15 3 2 47 23 
NORTH CAROLINA 

Faison 10/2 104 63 7 9 
SOUTH CAROLINA 

Florence 9/28-10/4 20 10 8 aba 34 alts) 19 

Clemson 9/27-10/3 14 6 8 4 15 14 

Charleston 9/29-10/5 42 20 9 15 162 31 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Madison 9/23-29 5 3 27 

Maury 9/23-29 5 20 184 

Robertson 9/23-29 10 8 12 4 38 

Cumberland 9/23-29 20 10 22 2 82 

Greene 9/23-29 66 12 40 4 2 32 

Blount 9/23-29 6 14 28 10 24 

Johnson 9/23-29 96 9 51 6 2 
TEXAS 

_ Waco 9/27-10/3 13 16 30 60 


ADDITIONAL COLLECTIONS: TEXAS - Waco (9/27-10/3) - Alabama argillacea - 335; 
Pectinophora gosspiella - 422. 


* Two traps - Stoneville. 


Tata hae 


Survev Methods - 871 - 


Uniform Survey Procedure Approved By 
The Lake States Forest Insect Survey Committee - 1958 


WHITE-PINE WEEVIL APPRAISAL SURVEY 
PURPOSE: 


The white-pine weevil has been a serious pest of pines and spruces in the Lake States 
for many years. Infestations can be severe in white, jack, Scotch, and red pines and 
in Norway spruce. Other species sometimes seriously damaged are Austrian pine and 
white spruce. Direct control measures to prevent attack have met with some degree of 
success. An appraisal survey is required to enable the forester and the entomologist 
to determine the degree of infestation to be used as a guide in making control 
recommendations, 


INSTRUCTIONS : 
Time of Survey 


The time when weevil attack first becomes evident will depend on the locality, weather 
conditions, and tree species. For the Lake States in general this will be about 
mid-June. The effects of weeviling will be readily visible for the remainder of the 
season. 


Method of Survey 


This survey involves determination of the percentage of attack presently occurring in 
a plantation. Data obtained will be classified in categories representing light, 
medium, heavy, or no weeviling. The first sample is taken at least 1 chain from the 
edge of the planting. At this point the observer tallies 10 trees along the row. To 
establish the second sample 2 chains are paced from the last tree examined. Subsequent 
samples are taken in the same manner until the end of the row is reached. Additional 
sample lines are run through the planting at 5-chain intervals. When the plantation 
is not established in rows - some types of underplanting for example - and does not 
lend itself to line sampling, cluster samples of 10 trees should be taken along a 
compass line. The intervals should be the same as for regularly spaced rows. A 
minimum of one sample for each acre of plantation, having less than 1,000 trees per 
acre, is required for accurate results. Two samples are required for plantations 
having more than 1,000 trees per acre. The observer may obtain this average number of 
trees per acre by establishing, at random, three 1/50-acre circular plots (16.6 feet 
in radius) in each plantation. 


Tallying Data Sheet 


Each sample consists of 10 trees approximately 2 chains apart. Only the currently 
weeviled trees should be tallied. 


Column: 1. Weeviled trees - current year's weeviling. 


2. Non-weeviled trees - can be previously weeviled but not in 
the current year. 


3. Cumulative total of weeviled trees - this column represents 
the total for the previous plots. = 


Example: Plot Number Cumulative Non- 
number weeviled total weeviled weeviled 


1 2 2 8 
2 3 5 7 
3 1 6 9 


- 872 - Survey Methods 


SUMMARY OF DATA 


Categories for the seriousness of damage are based on percentage of weeviling 
arbitrarily established for this survey at the following levels. 


Heavy - 25 percent or more of the sampled trees weeviled. 
Medium - 10 to 25 percent of the sampled trees weeviled. 
Light - Less than 10 percent of the sampled trees weeviled. 


Determination of the needs for control will’ vary with values placed on individual 
plantations by the owner. (S. E. Banish, Wis. Conservation Dept.). 


WHITE-PINE WEEVIL APPRAISAL SURVEY 


Description: T. R. Ss. Forty: Date: 
Host: Acreage: Age: Spacing 
Average Height of Trees: Average Number of Trees Per Acre: 


Number of Trees 


Plot Cumulative 

eee eee 
(a ae a Le a | EE en a ae | 
2 ee Eee Re Rene |r CT ieee eT | 
i ae ne aie an | Ameo | 
a Ee Re eee |e ee Re Rn | 
Ei ees eRe Genes | ee) En eee 
aes ae Gi ees Pon Re See Oe | 
a ee een ames |e PM | 
Ea Rees eee Re trenay |e een eC SC | 
i ae enn ene ohana ime Io 
0. ee ee Mie |e eS | 
deo eae Sea oe | oe ed aD (GE | 
ls ee ae nnn |e ioe ma aT | 
eae a ee Me | ee LK | 
| 40 [ST Re Ne cl | 
Roe | EES 2 ee Pe RE 

eS ees ev a 

aD eve || 

BU aa 

meOen 


OTAL 


= 843) — 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 
CABBAGE MOTH (Mamestra brassicae (L.)) 


Economic Importance: The larvae of the cabbage moth are very destructive to 
vegetables, particularly cabbage and other crucifers, and ornamental flowers 

F ' in Europe and Asia. Though injury is 
of less general importance, sugar beets, 
tobacco and hemp are sometimes heavily 
damaged. In the U.S.S.R., Mamestra 
brassicae is considered to be more 
injurious to cabbage than Pieris 
brassicae because the larvae bore into 
the heart of the plant to a greater 
extent. However, when populations are 
extremely numerous, whole plants may 
be destroyed. In Bulgaria the annual 
loss of cabbage attributed to this 
pest has been estimated at from 20 to 
30 percent, with up to 80 percent loss in 
some badly infested localities. Larval 
counts have averaged up to 50 per plant 
in severe infestations in that country. 
M. brassicae has been taken with 
increasing frequency since 1945 at 
U. S. ports of entry, principally at 
Damage to Dahlia Atlantic Coast ports. 


Distribution: Occurs generally throughout Europe; also recorded in Libya, Turkey, 
Iran, Kashmir, West Pakistan, India (Punjab), China (Tibet and Northern China) , 
Korea, Japan, Asiatic part of U.S.S.R. and the Canary Islands. 


Hosts: This is a general feeder and will live upon many kinds of plants, both 
cultivated and wild. Crucifers probably suffer most, but tomatoes, tobacco, 
lettuce, onions, corn, hemp, Soybeans, peas, vetch, flax and several ornamentals 
including calendula, gladiolus, geranium and lupine are quite often attacked. 


General Distribution of Cabbage Moth 


Noctuidae, Lepidoptera No. 61 of Series 


- 874 - 


Life History and Habits: The life history of Mamestra brassicae as recorded in 
Bulgaria is as follows: The female deposits its eggs in 6 to 28 clusters, 

15 to 188 per cluster. Females may deposit from 438 to several hundred eggs, 
generally on the underside of the leaf. Eggs hatch in 6 to 9 days. The larvae 
pass through 5 molts in 25 to 30 days, feeding on the leaves of the host plants 
or in some instances into the heads and stalks. Pupation takes place in the 
soil, 5 to 6 cm. deep. The pupal period during the summer averages about 27 
days before emergence of the new generation. Hibernation takes place in the 
pupal stage. In Bulgaria two generations a year are normal, sometimes a partial 
third generation developing, while in Scotland one generation is usual with a 
partial second generation sometimes being produced. Characteristic damage to 
disc-shaped flowers involves feeding on the outer circumference at first and 
then uniformly, all around, gradually working inwards until nothing is left but 
the central disc of flowers. 


Description: The adult wing expanse is about 44 mm. Forewing dark brown 
irrorated with gray; many blackish streaks and marks present. Subterminal line 
not defined by whitish on inner Side. This character separates M. brassicae 
from M. configurata, a North American species which has subterminal line 
prominently defined by whitish on inner side. Orbicular spot is distinctly 
defined by black. Hindwing brown, pale at base with whitish fringe. Thorax 
color same as forewings. Abdomen brown with more or less distinct tufts 

down back, tip of abdomen distinctly tufted. Legs brown and very hairy at 
base. Fore tibia with long terminal claw. This character separates 

M. brassicae from the species of closely related genus Polia. Larvae vary 
greatly in color when mature, but always green when young. “Mature larvae 

are about 30 mm. long and have three light lines with slanting black marks in 
each segment. Head is ochreous and horny, first segment blackish. Legs and 
prolegs green,spiracles pure white. Body surface smooth with few hairs. 

Pupa shining chestnut-brown, with occasional darker areas. (Prepared in Plant 
Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(41)10-10-58 


Adult and Larva of M. brassicae 


Figures (except map): Adult and larva from Gt. Brit. Ministry of Agriculture 
and Fisheries. 1931. Cabbage Moth Caterpillars. Advisory Leaf. No. 70, 4 pp. 


Damage from Cameron, A.E. 1939. Insect and other Pests of 1938. Highland and 
Agr. Soc. of Scotland, Trans. Ser. 5, 51:136-174. 


a 


unTED sues. DEPARTMENT OF AGRIC 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 October 17, 1958 Number 42 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GRASSHOPPERS damaged wheat in Oklahoma and New Mexico. Numerous and caused 
heavy defoliation of sagebrush along Boise River, Idaho. General flight 
noted at Amarillo, Texas, and egg-parasitism high in Nebraska. (p. 877). 
FALL ARMYWORM damaged small grains in areas of Oklahoma and Texas. (p. 877). 


New county records for SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER in Arkansas (p. 877) and in 
Missouri (p. 883). 


HESSIAN FLY survey in Kansas. (p. 878). 


Additional infestations of SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID found in Washington. Three 
counties known infested in Oregon. (p. 878). 


Damage to onions in Idaho by ONION MAGGOT averaged 30 percent for 1958 in 
Twin Falls area. (p. 881). 


A TUSSOCK MOTH infesting 12,000 acres of forest in Sandia Mountains of New 
Mexico. (p. 882). 


CORRECTIONS. ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 883). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 885). 


FFI I I I I IK 2 KE I aR IK A I a 2 2K IK OK IKK aK ok 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 10, unless otherwise 
designated. 


=) 8016) = 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 13 


Several dry, sunny days with mild temperatures over most of the nation were 
favorable for rapid progress in harvesting bumper crops. The main exception 
was a stormy period from the 8th to llth when a wintery blast of cold air from 
western Canada overspread the entire Country. Showers and strong winds 
preceded the cold air in northern areas including the Ohio Valley. Strong 
winds damaged the apple crop in Washington's Yakima Valley, and in the northern 
Great Plains, where speeds were estimated from 50 to 70 m.p.h. in places, 

they raised dust clouds, hampered harvesting and shattered some soybeans. 
Damaging thunderstorms and a few tornadoes occurred in the middle and upper 
Mississippi Valley. One person was killed by a tornado at Grant City, Missouri. 
Hail 3 inches in diameter damaged cars and homes near Ankeny, Iowa, and wind- 
storms caused 1 death in extreme northern [Illinois on the 9th, and local 

damage in New York State on the 10th and llth. The incoming cold air reduced 
temperatures 10° to 20°, with freezing in most northern areas. Light snow 

was reported in extreme northern New England, and flurries in the upper Great 
Plains and Great Lakes region. 


Precipitation, ranging up to more than 2 inches, fell in a wide belt extending 
from Texas to the Great Lakes. Other areas reporting moderate to heavy amounts 
included southern Florida, extreme northern New England and extreme northern 
areas west of the Continental Divide. Little or no rain fell in the remainder 
of the Country. In the western half of the Nation rising temeperatures over 
the weekend reached record high levels for so late in the season at a number 
of stations in the northern Great Plains; on the 13th Valentine, Nebraska, 

had 93° and Bismarck, North Dakota, 89°. Hurricane Janice, 330 miles east of 
Melbourne, Florida, at 5:00 a.m., on October 7, continued in a northeasterly 
direction and did not seriously affect coastal areas of the United States. 
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau) . 


SS 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-6 per square yard on roadsides and field 
margins in southwestern area. Caused severe damage to first 4-5 feet of margins 
in some fields of fall-seeded wheat in Caddo and Custer Counties. Melanoplus 
differentialis and M. bilituratus dominant species. (VanCleave). Egg laying 

by M. differentialis, M. bilituratus, M. bivittatus, M. femur-rubrum and 

M. packardii almost completed in central counties. (Coppock). TEXAS - General 
movement of M. bilituratus noticed in air over Amarillo. No definite direction. 
(Russell). IDAHO - Remained numerous along middle and south forks of Boise 
River. This is first year heavy defoliation of sagebrush by M. bilituratus 

has been noted. Defoliation covered several acres in numerous portions of 
infested area. (Evans). NEW MEXICO - Damaged borders of wheat fields near 
Mountainair, Torrance County, making replanting necessary. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
NEBRASKA - Egg survey completed. Egg pod numbers corresponding to or exceeding 


adult counts achieved in all instances. Eggs in very good condition. Parasitism 
unusually high in all areas checked except in range areas, being heaviest in 
eastern and southern portions of infested area of State. In one instance as 


high as 80 percent, with 50 percent commonplace. (Bell). WISCONSIN - Adults 
continue to deposit eggs. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - In northeast, infestations 
generally lighter in early-planted corn in 1958 than in 1957. CArkee Iinse Rpts, 
Oct. 4). GEORGIA - Light in Meriwether County corn. (Blasingame, Sept. 9). 
KANSAS - Larvae averaged 64 per 100 stalks in 6 northeast counties surveyed. 
Stalk infestation averaged 35 percent. (Matthew). WISCONSIN - It appears that 
fall survey will reveal an all-time low. (Wis. Coop. Sur.) 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Common in alfalfa and red clover in 
most locations. (Burbutis, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-3 per head in late 
grain sorghum fields in southwestern part of State. (VanCleave). UTAH - High 
in late sweet and field corn in central and northern parts of State. (Knowlton). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ALABAMA - First-instar larvae heavy on 
volunteer corn in Lee County. (Guyton). Moderate on young oats in Lowndes 
County. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Caused severe damage to fall seeded wheat and 
rye in areas of Custer and Dewey Counties. (VanCleave). TEXAS - Caused 
serious damage to fall-sown oats in Comanche, Zavala and Bell Counties. 

(Co. Agr. Agents). 


WEBWORMS - OKLAHOMA - Plentiful in 2 Washita County wheat fields. Webs and 
adults thicker than ever previously noted. (Hudson). TEXAS - Celama sorghiella 
caused some damage to late grain sorghum in Bell County. (Decker). 


SOUTHERN CORNSTALK BORER (Diatraea crambidoides) - ALABAMA - Heavy in Lee County 
corn stalks, 19 larvae taken from 30 stalks examined. (Guyton). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Continued 
eastward movement. Found for first time in Lawrence, Randolph, Clay, Greene, 
Poinsett, Cross and Crittenden Counties. (Ark. Ins. Rpt., Oct. 4). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in sweet corn in 
Williams area, Colusa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Caused 5-20 percent damage 
to grain sorghum in Caddo, Blaine and Tillman Counties. (VanCleave). 


DATE MITE (Oligonychus pratensis) - KANSAS - Probably this species, damaged 
wheat seedlings along field margins in Sheridan, Thomas, Gove and Rawlins 
Counties. (Gates). 


= 18718i— 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - KANSAS - Survey showed that infested 
stems per 50-stem sample averaged 1.7 in northwest area, 1.1 in north central, 
1.9 in northeast, O in southwest, 0.2 in south central and 12.1 in southeast 
areas. (Jones, Matthew). 


WIREWORMS - KANSAS - Caused some damage to fall-seeded wheat in Jewell County 
area. (Gates). 


SUGARCANE BORER (Diatraea saccharalis) - TEXAS - Averaged 2.5 percent infestation 
in Brazoria County rice. (Bowling). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - ALABAMA - Last-instar larvae 
‘observed in Lee County alfalfa. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-4 per 10 
sweeps in some alfalfa fields in Grady and Caddo Counties. (VanCleave). 

NEW MEXICO - Averaged 2 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa fields near Estancia and 
Moriarty, Torrance County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20-25 per 10 sweeps 
in some alfalfa fields in Grady and Caddo Counties. (VanCleave). 


VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) - ALABAMA - Caused light damage 
to soybeans in Escambia and Baldwin Counties. Most beans are beyond stage 
where serious damage can be caused. (Grimes). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Remained prevalent in several alfalfa 
fields in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). UTAH - More abundant recently 
in northern alfalfa fields. (Knowlton). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - VIRGINIA - Averaged 1.5 per 
sweep in one alfalfa field in Smyth County and 8-10 per sweep in 2 Washington 
County and 2 Scott County fields. (Bishop, Morris). ALABAMA - Light in Lee 
County alfalfa. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-50 per 10 sweeps in south- 
western alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). ARIZONA - Populations in Yuma area very 
low since mild outbreak in late June, 1958. Extremely low at present time in 
most fields and apparently absent under normal collecting methods. Two fields 
noted with populations of about one winged adult per sweep. (Roth). 

CALIFORNIA - Medium on alfalfa in Maxwell area, Colusa County. Being controlled 
by parasites and predators in Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). Light to heavy 
locally in Stanislaus County. Most severe in west side of county. (Stevenson). 
WEW MEXICO - Very light in alfalfa fields in Torrance, Taos, Bernalillo, 
Valencia and Socorro Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Surveys in 

eastern and central counties failed to uncover further infestations as of 
October 5. Gilliam, Morrow and Umatilla Counties known to be infested as of 
October 10. (Hammond, Foster). WASHINGTON - Additional infestaions on alfalfa 
found at Benton City and Whitstran in Benton County, Burbank Heights in 

Walla Walla County and Harrah in Yakima County. (Klostermeyer). KANSAS - Found 
in nearly all alfalfa fields surveyed in 7 central and east central counties, 
with 12-150 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). 


FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius ericae) - IDAHO - Large numbers of nymphs in harvested 
red clover seed fields in Canyon County. (Waters). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Heavy 
in most plantings of soybeans and alfalfa throughout State, with up to 25 
per 20 sweeps in Sussex County soybeans. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - Infestations 
on alfalfa light in Lee County. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged from 7-12 per 
10 sweeps in some alfalfa fields in Grady County to 30-35 per 10 sweeps in 
some Caddo County alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). 


SOMO 


Peanut Insects in Oklahoma: A trace to 5 percent reduction in nut crop in some 
peanut fields in Caddo County due to a complex of Stegasta basqueella, 
Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi and subterranean 


termites. (Walton). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - TEXAS - Caused considerable damage to grass 
in Hidalgo County (Deer, Hawkins) and in Dimmit County (Harding). 
CALIFORNIA - Heavy in lawns in Grass Valley, Nevada County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A GROUND PEARL (Margarodes meridionalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on 
St. Augustine grass lawns in El Centro. First record from this host in 
Imperial County. (Deal, Peterson). 


VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in dichondra 
lawns in La Mesa, San Diego County. (Calls ‘Coop. Rpt: 


FRUIT INSECTS 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - CALIFORNIA - Caused late damage to pear 
orchards in Big Valley area, Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


APPLE LEAF TRUMPET MINER (Tischeria malifoliella) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged 
10-50 percent of leaves in an apple orchard at Nashoba, Pushmataha County. 
(Flora). 


A LEAF ROLLER - NEW MEXICO - Damaged foliage and fruit in apple orchards in 
Albuquerquee and Los Lunas. Losses as high as one-third of crop in some 
orchards. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - WASHINGTON - Winged fall asexual migrants 
appeared, deposited young on peach. Start of fall flight a week to 10 days 
late. (Landis). 


CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiellaaurantii) - TEXAS - Heavy on citrus fruit 
in Austin County. (Havran). 


GREENHOUSE THRIPS (Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on 
avocados in Carpinteria area of Santa Barbara County. (Goodall). 


BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 15-20 per 
leaflet on Payne County pecans. (Bieberdorf). 


BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - ALABAMA - An extremely heavy 
infestation observed on several varieties of pecans in Lee County. Almost all 
leaves severely damaged. Winged and wingless forms plentiful. (Guyton). 


RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) - CALIFORNIA - Medium larval 
infestations damaged foliage of English walnut trees in Colusa area, Colusa 
County. Several limbs of scattered trees defoliated in El Dorado County. 
Damaged young orchards, causing sunburn to trunks in Lake County. (Cal. Coop. 
Rpt»). 


NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on walnuts 
in Concord, Contra Costa County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Comanche 
County. (Dickson). 


= (f2f0) 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Taken in trap in Mountain 
Ranch area of Calaveras County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - New infestation 
found in black walnuts at Provo, Utah County. Previous infestations only 
around Ogden, Weber County. (Knowlton, Barlow). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


LIMA-BEAN POD BORER (Etiella zinckenella) - CALIFORNIA - Caused extensive 
damage in bean-growing area of Orange County. (Campbell). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Caused moderate 
damage to snap beans in Escambia County. (Rawson, Grimes). Moderate on field 
peas in Lee County. (Guyton). 


BANDED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica balteata) - ALABAMA - Heavy on fall 
cucumbers in Escambia County. Most plants beyond serious injury. (Rawson, 
Grimes). 


BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) - COLORADO - Migration into western 
part of State caused heavy losses over a widespread area in several crops, 
particularly tomatoes. In eastern part of State, caused some loss in sugar 
beets and tomatoes. Affected areas are small compared with those in western 
portion of State. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 30). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Prevalent in pepper fruits in 
some Kent and Sussex County fields. Heavy feeding on lima bean pods in 

New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). FLORIDA - Larvae fed on young fruits 
and blooms of eggplant in 30 acres inspected at Evinston, Alachua County. 
(Fla. Coop. Sur.). TEXAS - Second and third-instar larvae light on tomatoes 
in Dimmit County. (Harding). CALIFORNIA - Caused medium damage to lettuce 
in Santa Maria area, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). COLORADO - 
Populations have been lower than in Some previous years. Caused some 

damage to corn and little or none to tomatoes. In Arkansas Valley, egg 
counts per 100 leaves dropped from 5.5 to 1.5 on tomatoes, September 30. 
Increased to an average of 5.6 per 100 leaves in Prowers, Bent, Otero and 
Pueblo Counties, October 7. (Exp. Sta.). 


POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - COLORADO - Spring movements of high 
adult populations indicated there could have been heavy losses in potato and 
tomato yields. Timely and repeated insecticide applications apparently had 
a beneficial effect. Losses that have occurred in spotted areas of the State 
have been the result of negligence in applying insecticides. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 


BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) - ALABAMA - Heavy on turnips in Escambia 
County. Stand being considerably reduced. (Grimes). 


TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - ALABAMA - Moderate on turnips 


in Escambia County. (Rawson, Grimes) . 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - ALABAMA - Light on Lee County field peas. 

(Guyton). TEXAS - Light to medium on cabbage in Zavala County (Harding) and 

on lettuce in Deaf Smith County (Thomas). CALIFORNIA - Very numerous in some 
untreated cauliflower fields in Orange County, with as many as 25 larvae per 

plant. (Campbell). UTAH - Damage more common this season than usual. (Davis, 
Knowlton). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Larvae continued to feed on 
most cabbage and broccoli plantings in State. Adults common. (Burbutis, 
Conrad). 


30). 


= (Xsl = 


SOUTHERN CABBAGEWORM (Pieris protodice) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae caused medium 
damage to broccoli in Santa Maria area of Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on lettuce in Watsonville 
area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Remained heavy in most 
fields of peppers throughout State. Feeding restricted mostly to fruits, 
causing considerable rot. In conjunction with disease accounts for rather 
heavy losses in this crop. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - CALIFORNIA - Damaged peppers in Ventura 
County. (Campbell). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - DELAWARE - Abundant in 
carrots, Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). COLORADO - Populations have been 
relatively low compared with 1957. Incidence of aster yellows in some 
localized areas has been particularly striking. (Exp. Sta., Sept. 30). 


ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) - IDAHO - Inspections in Twin Falls area indicate 
damage to harvested onions averaged up to 30 percent for 1958. Some fields 

so heavily damaged during season they were plowed up and heavy reductions in 
stands planted for bulbs for 1959 seed crop have been noted. (Hunt, Evans). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - WASHINGTON - Built up rapidly and 
more abundant than for several years. Damaged some vegetables, flowers and 
weeds in Wenatchee area. (Anthon). 


COTTON INSECTS 


COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Heavy on cotton in southern and 
central counties. (Rawson, Grimes). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy infestations 
observed in Escambia and Monroe Counties. Light as far north as Autauga 
County. (Rawson, Grimes) . 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - TEXAS - Infestation high in 
late-formed green bolls in Wharton County. Few larvae in late-forming 
squares and as high as 6 per green boll in Brazos River bottom area. In 
fields where boll weevil treatment had ceased in McLennan County, larvae 
averaged 3 per green boll, with as high as 10 per boll. (Adkisson). 


COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) - CALIFORNIA - Caused light damage to 
cotton in Modesto area, Stanislaus County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) - VIRGINIA - Caused about 40 percent 
mortality in 3 separate loblolly pine plantations in Surry County. (Va. Div. 
Koto epiie IRpits)). 


RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - NORTH CAROLINA - Defoliating 
scattered small trees in Wake, Granville and Person Counties. (Green). 

MARYLAND - Larvae infesting ornamental pine at Centreville, Queen Annes County. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept., Oct. 6). 


SITKA-SPRUCE BEETLE (Dendroctonus obesus) - CALIFORNIA - Caused severe damage 
and killed large single trees in coastal area of Del Norte County. (Martin). 


- 882 - 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - VIRGINIA - Active in scattered 
trees in Nelson County. Activity increased in several loblolly pines in 
Norfolk County. (Va. Div. For., Sept. Rpt.). 


A TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Moderate infestation of 12,000 
acres in Sandia Mountains. Egg masses moderate to heavy. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FULLER ROSE BEETLE (Pantomorus godmani) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and cutting 
leaves of variegated ivy in Riverside, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A SPRUCE NEEDLE MINER - OREGON - Probably Taniva albolineana caused damage to 
ornamental spruce in central and eastern counties. (Every) . 


ELM CALLIGRAPHA (Calligrapha scalaris) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 200-300 per tree 
in crevices on bark on trunks of some Blaine County American elms. (VanCleave). 


ELM LEAF APHID (Myzocallis ulmifolii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 2-7 per leaf on 
Payne County elms. (Howell). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 50-300 per feeder and dairy 
animal in southwestern area of State (VanCleave) and 500 per untreated animal 
in Pushmataha County (Flora). MARYLAND - Bothering mature beef cows at 

Upper Marlboro, Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). KANSAS - Averaged 
about 100 per infested animal on range cattle in Osage, Waubansee, Geary and 
Dickinson Counties. (Matthew). 


SCREW-WORMS (Callitroga spp.) - NEW MEXICO - Ranchers continue treating infested 
cattle in Sierra and northern counties. (N.M. Coop. Rpt.). KANSAS - 
C. hominivorax larvae found in Marion County. (Ratcliff). 


STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20-300 per feeder and 
dairy animal in southwestern part of State. (VanCleave). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - WASHINGTON - Ten thousand bags of 
infested rice originating in Pakistan were unloaded at Takoma, September 17. 
Larval specimens were verified September 19, by which time 13 freight cars 

had been shipped to Vancouver, B. C. U. S. Plant Quarantine Division notified 
Canadian officials and cars were to be fumigated upon arrival. The remainder 
of the shipment, the 2 ships and unloading equipment were fumigated. The 

dock was thoroughly saturated with a strong malathion spray solution. Close 
watch will be maintained at the dock and environs for any larvae that may have 
escaped. (Busdicker). 


A FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) - TENNESSEE - Found on hams in 
Wilson County. (Bennett). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS AND PARASITES - OKLAHOMA —- In southwestern alfalfa fields Hippodamia 
convergens and Nabis spp. averaged 0-8 per 10 sweeps and lacewing adults 0-10 

per 10 sweeps. (VanCleave). WASHINGTON - Typhlodromus occidentalis unusually 
abundant and feeding on orchard mites on tree fruits in Wenatchee area during 

past summer. (Anthon). 


- 883 - 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


PSYLLIDS - WISCONSIN - Adults becoming numerous where hackberry trees 
are abundant in city plantings and are entering homes. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


A SYMPHYLID (Symphylella sp.) - NORTH DAKOTA - First record of class Symphyla 
for the State. Immature specimens collected from sod at Northwood, Grand 
Forks County, via Berlese funnel, April 11, 1958. Det. A. E. Michelbacher. 
(Post). 


CORRECTIONS 


CEIR 8(37) :797 - WEBWORMS - VIRGINIA - Nomophila noctuella should be 
substituted for Loxostege similalis. Det. H. W. Capps. (Morris). 


CEIR 8(39) :837 - SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - Determined as Phormia 
regina by H. M. Brundrett. 


CEIR 8(41) :872 - Author for white-pine weevil appraisal survey should be 
S. E. Banash. 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


MISSOURI - SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER found for first time in Dunklin and Ripley 
Counties, marking easternmost advance of this pest and establishing it as a 
potential pest of corn in the Mississippi delta farming area of the extreme 
southeast section of the State. Infestation was low and all larvae were of 
the summer form and taken from late-planted corn only CHINCH BUG adults and 
nymphs averaged 55-300 per stalk in one field of late corn in southern 
Dunklin County. EUROPEAN CORN BORER infestation of late-planted corn in 
southeastern section of State ranged 35-95 percent with 1-6 third to fifth- 
instar larvae per stalk. The later the planting the heavier the infestation. 
(Thomas) . 


= Oo4y— 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. 
ALABAMA 
Crossville 10/6 2 1 
ARKANSAS 
Fayetteville 9/25-10/1 3 i 
Kelso 9/25-10/1 9 6 
FLORIDA 
Quincy 10/6 7 
ILLINOIS 
Urbana 10/3-9 Al} 20 il 29 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 9/29-10/4 6 5 1 3 
Tippecanoe 10/2-8 149 63 36 53 
MISSISSIPPI 
Senatobia 9/27-10/3 
*State College 10/4-10 26 alal 13 
*Stoneville 10/3-9 99 29 20 2 
NEBRASKA 
Alliance 9/13-25 135 4 1 12 
Concord 9/13=-26 ky / 14 24 
Kearney 9/18-28 ail 24 1 5 
North Platte 448 184 3 116 
9/19-10/2 
Scotts Bluff 9/9-15, 352 iG, 68 
9/30-10/6 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Clemson 10/4-10 ily (3) aa il 
Florence 10/5-11 58 54 18 6 
TENNESSEE (Coun ties) 
Blount 9/30-10/6 8 6 26 
Cumberland 9/30-10/6 6 4 2 
Greene 9/30-10/6 16 16 16 
Johnson 9/30-10/6 49 4 54 6 
Madison 9/30-10/6 4 tf 
Maury 9/30-10/6 2 4 aL 
Robertson 9/30-10/6 10 4 6 
TEXAS 
Waco 10/4-10 60 32 44 


ADDITIONAL COLLECTION: SOUTH CAROLINA - Florence 
gemmatalis - 148. 


*Two traps - State College; 4 traps - Stoneville. 


Perid. Laphyg. Alabama 


frug. 


(10/5-11) 


argillacea zea 


12 
34 


14 


98 


49 


882 


5795 


- Anticarsia 


Heliothis 


= 885 - 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


A LEAF-FEEDING COCCINELLID (Epilachna paenulata (Germar) ) 


Economic Importance: This species of Epilachna is generally considered to be 
the most destructive of the genus in South America. Infestations have been 
reported as destroying entire plantings of squash and kidney beans in 
Argentina and Uruguay. Though of particular importance on cucurbits in areas 
where it occurs, it is considered a general feeder. The adults have been 
intercepted several times at U. S. ports of entry with banana debris from 
Ecuador and with grapes and airplane baggage from Argentina. 


Distribution: Occurs throughout the central part of Argentina and in Bolivia, 
Brazil, Uruguay and probably Ecuador. 


Hosts: Feeds on many hosts; most important on cucurbits and beans. 


General Distribution of Epilachna paenulata 


(Coccinellidae, Coleoptera) No. 62 of Series 


= 886 — 


Life History and Habits: The overwintering adults emerge and mate in the 
Spring. The eggs are laid on the underside of tender leaves of host plants 
in groups of 4 to 10. They hatch in about 10 days and the young larvae begin 
feeding voraciously. In heavy infestations, only the skeleton of the leaf 

is left. Larvae mature in 15 to 20 days after passing through several molts. 
Pupation lasts for 10 to 15 days, after which the adults emerge and begin to 
feed on the leaves of host plants. Adult feeding is characterized by damage 
to under surface of leaf, leaving the leaf margin intact. Several generations 
occur annually in Uruguay, but in Argentina only 2 are reported to develop. 
In Argentina the adults overwinter under bark of trees or any place where 
they can find shelter. 


Description: Adults are brownish-yellow, many black spots on the elytra 

in a characteristic mosaic design. (See illustration). Length of adult 
9-10 mm., width 6-8 mm. Eggs cylindrical in shape, one mm. in diameter, 
orange-yellow in color. Larva yellowish with black head, body covered with 
branched, dark spines. Length about 10 mm. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey 
Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(42) 10-17-58 


Stages of Epilachna paenulata 
A-Adult, B-Larva, C-Egg 


Figures (except map) from Lopez, C. O., Gieschen, R. E. and Quintanilla, R. H. 
1946. Zoologia Agricola (2nd Edition) 774 pp. Buenos Aires. 


ne . 


‘D STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRI 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


cipal ants 


Saar, ae he ne a Re) “Ee Sere 


Volume 8 October 24, 1958 Number 43 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GREENBUG heavy in Garfield County, Oklahoma, with possibility of heavier than 
normal population in this area in spring of 1959. (p.890). 


Infestation by three CORN INSECTS in Iowa, 1958. (p. 890). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID caused loss of last cutting of hay in Custer County, 
Oklahoma. (p. 891). 


Marked increase in SPRUCE BUDWORM population in Idaho and outbreak continues 
in western Montana. (p. 894). 


Apparently an upswing from normally high incidence of WHITE-PINE WEEVIL is in 
progress in northeastern States. (p.894). 


Outbreak of LARCH SAWFLY in western Missoula County, Montana, first record 
in northern Rockies since 1944. (p. 895). 


Widespread outbreak of ALDER FLEA BEETLE in northern Idaho and western Montana. 
Feeding heavily in northeastern Washington. (p. 895). 


Egg laying by HORSE BOT FLY heavy in Oklahoma, Idaho and Wyoming. (p. 896). 


INSECT DETECTION: New infestations of European corn borer found in Chilton 
and Shelby Counties, Alabama, and in Perry, Saline, Lafayette, Columbia, 
Union, Calhoun, Bradley and Cleveland Counties, Arkansas. (p. 889). 
Southwestern corn borer found for first time in Dallas, Ouachita, Calhoun, 
Bradley, Ashley, Chicot, Drew and Cleveland Counties, Arkansas. (p. 889). 
Spotted alfalfa aphid found in Wasco County, Oregon, and Asotin County, 
Washington. (p. 891). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 899). 


List of some INSECTS and MITES intercepted at U. S. ports of entry in 1956. 
(p. 901). 


EE EC I 2 I 2 2 6 2 I 2g 2 2K EK 2K 2 ie 2K 2K 2k ac 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 17, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 888 - 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 


MID-OCTOBER TO MID-NOVEMBER 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period from mid-October to 
mid-November calls for temperatures to average above seasonal normals over 
most of the nation, except for near to below normal east of the Appalachians, 
along the Gulf Coast and also in the Pacific Northwest. There are some 
indications of a sharp break in the prevailingly warm regime, perhaps during 
the first half of November, but it is too early to specify the nature of the 
new weather pattern. Precipitation is predicted to be subnormal over most 
areas, except for near to above normal in the western quarter of the country 
and also along the Gulf Coast. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", 
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through 
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 a 
half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 20 


Unseasonably warm, dry, Sunny weather was ideal for harvesting operations, 

but increased the need for rain in north central areas and parts of the Far West 
and Southeast. Average temperatures for the week were as much as 15° above 
normal in the northern Great Plains, tapering off to about normal in the 
extreme northeast and along the south Atlantic coast and 3° to 6° below normal 
in the Rio Grande Valley. On 2 or 3 days about midweek, temperatures rose 

to summertime levels east of the Rockies, with maxima in the 80's and 90's 

even in the Canadian Border States. A high of 97° was reported at Wagner, 
South Dakota, on the 15th, and the highest temperatures of record for so late 
in the season occurred at numerous stations throughout the central and northern 
Great Plains. Along the California coast, where abnormally high temperatures 
have been unusually persistent since March, Los Angeles recorded 104° on the 
16th, equaling the previous record high there for October. In the Northeast, 
temperatures ranged from near record lows for the time of year at the beginning 
of the week to summertime levels at midweek. On the 14th, minima at inland 
stations ranged in the middle and low 20's. 


Substantial precipitation was limited to a few areas. Rains fell over the 

Rio Grande River Valley the first and middle of the week, with totals ranging 
from 1/2 inch or less in the western part of the Valley to over 8 inches at 
Brownsville, Texas. An eastward moving area of low pressure in the Gulf of 
Mexico produced light rain along the central Gulf coast on Friday the 17th and 
light to heavy amounts in the Southeast over the weekend. In Florida, totals 
ranged from 1 to 3 inches. An inch of rain fell at points in extreme northern 
New England during the passage of a cold front on Thursday and Friday. A cold 
front,with strong winds which caused damage in some areas, moved into the 
Northwest on the 17th producing heavy rains west of the Cascades and light 
amounts east of the Cascades to the Rocky Mountians. Temperatures dropped 

10° to 20° and Idaho reported a few inches of snow at higher elevations. 
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


="889) — 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - More numerous in Kiowa County for this late in season 
than in recent years. Continued to cause marginal damage to wheat and alfalfa. 
(Hudson). TEXAS - Small flights of Melanoplus bilituratus in Dallam and 
Hartley Counties on October 9 moving southwest, low to medium in height. 
(Russell). Caused spotted to light damage to wheat in Deaf Smith County. 
(Thomas). NORTH DAKOTA - Preliminary evaluation of egg survey data for most 
of State indicates infestation level slightly below that recorded on adult 
survey. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). WYOMING - M. bivittatus, M. bilituratus and 

M. femur-rubrum damaged winter wheat in Albin area of Laramie County, with 

up to 12 drill rows destroyed in some fields. A third-instar M. bilituratus 
which may be second generation, was also found. (Shockley). a 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Larvae active in stalks 
and ears in Sussex County with stalk breakage slightly increased over past 
2-3 weeks. (Burbutis, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Heavy in corn in the Boykins area 


of Southampton County. (Morris, Emmons). ALABAMA - New infestations found in 
Chilton and Shelby Counties. Additional counties are Jefferson, Clay, Randolph 
Eyl Sie, Wileabes, (Grimes) . ARKANSAS - New records include Perry, Saline, 


Lafayette, Columbia, Union, Calhoun, Bradley and Cleveland Counties. Now 

reported from all but Garland, Hot Springs, Pike, Sevier, Little River and 
Ouachita Counties. All new infestations found in late, green corn. (Ark. 

Ins. Rpt.). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Caused heavy damage to field corn in 
Shelby County. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Infested 100 percent of 1,920 corn ears 
checked in Nowata County. (Arbuthnot). WISCONSIN - Damage occurred on as 

high as 75 percent of ears in very late planted corn fields in western part of 
State. Fairly high numbers of moths appeared in a Dane County light trap on 
nights of October 15 and 16. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). UTAH - This species and 

sap beetles caused moderate damage to late corn in Beaver County. (Knowlton). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - ALABAMA - Heavy damage observed on field 
corn in Shelby County. (Grimes). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - New records 
include Dallas, Ouachita, Calhoun, Bradley, Ashley, Chicot, Drew and 
Cleveland Counties. Now recorded in every county in State except Mississippi 
County. All new infestations were in late corn still green. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA - Numerous on corn stalks at 
harvest in Payne County. Predominantly adults. (Walton). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 20-50 percent 
damage to heads of late-planted grain sorghums in some fields in Nowata, 
Craig, Ottawa and Mayes Counties. Some adults still active. (VanCleave). 
Averaged 25-100 percent loss of seed in late-planted grain sorghums in Garvin 
County. Few found in late seed heads. (Henderson) . 


A SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus stickneyi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on milo near 
Holtville,Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - COLORADO - "Flaxseed" stage averaged 
2 per 10 plants of volunteer wheat near Venango in Sedgwick County, 30 at 
Amherst and 1 at Holyoke in Phillips County. (Exp. Sta.). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.1-0.3 
per sweep in some alfalfa fields in northeastern part of State. (VanCleave). 


= OOO 


Infestation by Three Corn Insects in Iowa, Fall 1958 


alee 
a x ori oF 


Upper figures - % of stalks infested with corn leaf aphid (Average - 34.9) 
Middle figures - % of ears damaged by the corn earworm (Average - 15.0) 
Lower figures - % of lodging due to attack by corn rootworms (Average - 5.6) 


In making this survey the same fields and plants examined in the European corn 
borer survey were used. The presence of aphids on a plant was considered 
enough to list that plant as infested. Damage of any amount to the ear by the 
corn earworm determined the infestation by this pest. A plant lodged at a 

30° angle or less between the stalk and the soil was considered damage due 

to the rootworm. (Harris). 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in Garfield County with 
possibility of heavier than normal population in spring of 1959 if conditions 
remain favorable. (Owens). 


EUROPEAN CHAFER (Amphimallon majalis) - NEW YORK - One female was collected 

in experimental light trap at Phelps, September 15. This was the first since 
August 13, collected in a regular bait trap. Treatments were begun on 
approximately 175 acres at Lockport, September 15. CONNECTICUT - Soil surface 
treatment was applied to 670 square feet in a nursery in Meriden. (PPC, East. 
Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Much reduced on alfalfa in Kent County. 
Common on clover and alfalfa in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 

ALABAMA - Light to moderate on alfalfa in Madison County. (Grimes). CALIFORNIA - 
This species and Rhopalosiphum maidis heavy in barley with a vetch cover 

crop near Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). WASHINGTON - 
Unusually abundant and caused damage to irrigated alfalfa in Whitman and Asotin 
Counties. (Telford). 


Sool — 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-2.5 per 
sweep in alfalfa fields in northeast but as high as 10-20 per sweep in some 
fields in Payne and Noble Counties. (VanCleave). Some activity in Caddo 
County. (Hudson). Caused loss of last cutting of hay in Custer County. 
(Hutton). COLORADO - Some reduction in numbers in Mesa County. Averaged 
500-1000 per 100 sweeps in Loma, Mack and Fruita areas. Only traces present 
in Garfield, Delta and Montrose Counties. Reported for first time during 
season and averaged 1500 per 100 sweeps in Sedgwick and 2500 per 100 sweeps 
in Yuma Counties. Late season buildup might damage spring seeded alfalfa. 
(Exp. Sta.). OREGON - Survey disclosed presence in southeast Wasco County, 
7 miles from Jefferson County line. Many infestations in Umatilla County 
appear serious enough to delay plant development in spring of 1959. (Hammond). 
WASHINGTON - Additional records on alfalfa one mile north of Asotin, Asotin 
County, and at Wapato and Parker, Yakima County. (Klostermeyer, Telford). 
UTAH - Light to moderate generally in southern and central counties. 
(Knowlton). 


PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Lygus lineolaris common on late soybeans and prevalent 
on clover and alfalfa. Adelphocoris rapidis common on clover and present on 

a field of late soybeans. All in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 

OKLAHOMA - L. lineolaris averaged 0.8-8.5 per sweep in some northeastern 


alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in 
old stand of alfalfa in Kent County and one per 10 sweeps in clover and alfalfa 
in Sussex County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ALABAMA - Heavy on 
alfalfa in Madison County. Many plants seriously damaged. (Grimes). 
OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0.6-2.5 per sweep in some northeastern alfalfa fields. 
(VanCleave). 


RED-NECKED PEANUTWORM (Stegasta basqueella) - TEXAS - Damage apparent on 
every peanut plant in Frio County. Averaged 38 percent infestation of terminals. 
(Harding) . 


CHINCH BUGS - FLORIDA - Apparently declining rapidly in Broward County but 
remain problem in Dade County and damaged St. Augustine grass lawns. Heavy 
buildup noted in 2 sub-divisions in northeast Tampa area, Hillsborough County. 
Gulasesit. Pilith Breda.  Sepite Rpt.) 


GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting lawns, pastures 
and occasionally alfalfa fields in Haywood County. (Holloway, Rabb). 


SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - Surveys conducted during September 
in MISSOURI, KENTUCKY, OHIO and ILLINOIS. No new finds reported during month. 
(PPC, Cent. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on 1000 
acres of grape vineyards near Modesto, Stanislaus County. Large numbers found 
parasitized in one vineyard. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - COLORADO - Migration to peach trees begun 
September 26 almost complete. (Exp. Sta.). 


= (892 - 


CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Inspections were made during 
September on 222,690 citrus trees on 2,713 properties in the chemical control 
zones in the States of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Sonora and Baja California. 
Infestations found in Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon in 472 trees on 90 properties. 
In States of Tamaulipas and Neuvo Leon, 15,511 citrus trees on 393 properties 
were treated by the National Blackfly Committee. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - MEXICO - At Tijuana, Tecate and 
Ensenada, Baja California, 1,113 traps were operated on 454 properties with 
4,573 inspections made, all negative. Apparently fly carry-over very low. 
(PPC, Mex. Reg.., Sept... Rpt..):. 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in walnuts near 
Lebec, Kern County, and medium on peaches near Jacumba, San Diego County. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - English walnuts 90-100 percent infested in Ogden 
area. Damage and maggot population below that of some recent years. 
(Knowlton). 


BLACK SCALE (Saissetia oleae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on figs at Winterhaven, 
Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A LATANA SCALE (Aspidiotus lataniae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on grape near 
Santa Paula, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - WASHINGTON - Up to 60 adults found 
in individual blisters on apple foliage at Pullman, September 25 and 26. 
None found under bud scales. (Johansen). 


Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Second Week of October - 
PURPLE SCALE activity increased slightly, some further increase expected. 
CITRUS RED MITE activity unchanged, but slow increase expected for several 
weeks. CITRUS RUST MITE declined on leaves and fruit. There may be further 
reduction, but general trend for next month expected to be upward. (Pratt, 
Thompson, Johnson). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - TEXAS - Caused 30 percent damage to lettuce 


in areas of Deaf Smith County. (Thomas). NEW MEXICO - Caused considerable 
damage to lettuce fields in Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Very heavy in most fields 
of peppers over State. Feeding almost entirely in fruits. High infestation 

of borers in stems of late potatoes in one field in Kent County. (Burbutis, 
Conrad). VIRGINIA - Observed in pods of field peas, string bean pods, 
eggplant fruit, lima bean pods and tomato stalks in Boykins area, Southampton 
County. (Emmons). 


LEAF MINERS - FLORIDA - Severe on tomato, pepper and squash plants in Broward 
County, tomatoes showing most damage. Heavy on tomatoes in one location of 
Dade County and damaging same crop in Pinellas County. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., 
Sept. Rpt.). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Attacked truck crops, shrubs 
and flowers in Hidalgo County. (Deer). Observed crossing highways in Robertson 
County. (Monk). 


="893 — 


TOMATO HORNWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Present in most pepper fields 

in State with some Kent and Sussex County: fields having rather high percentage 
of infestation, especially around edges. (Burbutis, Conrad). COLORADO - Egg 
counts decreased to 3.6 per 100 leaves on tomatoes in Prowers, Bent, Otero 

and Pueblo Counties, with 51 percent parasitism. (Exp. Sta.). TEXAS - Caused 
spotted damage to lettuce in Deaf Smith County. (Thomas). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on peppers near Bonita, 
San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SLUGS - PENNSYLVANIA - Very abundant on celery being bleached in the south 
central part of the State (Pepper) and injury as high as 15 percent on potatoes 
in low areas of the northwest (Adams). 


SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae caused moderate damage 
to roots and stems of seedling spinach at Bixby, Tulsa County. (Walton). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - UTAH - Damaged celery in 
Tremonton-Elwood area of Box Elder County. (Knowlton) . 


CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) - OREGON - Surveys in Willamette 
Valley disclosed 8 of 96 strawberry fields infested. A total of 11 plantings 
now known infested in State. Survey continues. (Capizzi). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp. et al.) - CALIFORNIA - Light in cotton fields near 
Sanger, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ALABAMA - Inspection of cotton fields 
in northern Autauga County revealed negative results of damage, however 
infestations continue to increase. No larvae found in Lee County area. 
(Grimes). 


COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Heavy infestations observed on cotton 
in Madison County. (Grimes). NEW MEXICO - Generally light with heavy but 
spotty infestations in southern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPIDER MITES - ALABAMA - Heavy on cotton in Madison County. (Grimes). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


LARCH CASEBEARER (Coleophora laricella) - IDAHO - Heavy populations centered 
around St. Maries. Outbreak covers 110 square miles, with most of the spread 
occurring northward. Small numbers as far north as Sandpoint. (Denton). 
WASHINGTON - Light damage to western larch. Spread north and west to Chewalah. 
(Denton). 


ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - NEW JERSEY - Abundant in southern 
part of State. (Northeast. For. Pest Rptr., Oct. 15). 


A PINE TIP MOTH (Rhyacionia sp.) - MONTANA - Localized heavy infestations in 
ponderosa pine understory in Carter County (Custer National Forest). (Denton). 


RUSTY TUSSOCK MOTH (Orygia antiqua) - MONTANA - Heavy defoliation on 
huckleberry and other underbrush. Light feeding on subalpine fir over 1500 
acres in vicinity of West Yellowstone. (Denton). 


~NOo4a— 


SEQUOIA PITCH MOTH (Vespamina sequoiae) - MONTANA - Active infestation has 
persisted over past 10 years in Glacier National Park. Attacks occur at the 
base of lodgepole pine, but thus far trees bear no outward sign of damage. 
(Denton) . 


A PITCH MOTH - MONTANA - Causing top kill in lodgepole pine stands in several 
areas of the Gallatin and the Lewis and Clark National Forests. (Denton). 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - IDAHO - An active infestation 
persists in grand fir over an area of 89,000 acres of State and private 
forests south of Lewiston. A marked increase in budworm population occurred 
in 1958. (Denton). MONTANA - The ten-year old outbreak continues unabated 
over much of the Douglas-fir forests in western portion of State. (Denton). 


GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria dispar) - NEW YORK - In the suppressive area, single 
moths were trapped in townships of Delhi and Franklin, 5 moths in 4 traps in 
township of Middletown and 35 recovered in 5 traps in township of Roxbury. 
All these were in Delaware County. Single moths were caught in townships of 
Putnam Valley and Patterson in Putnam County. Both locations are in area 
sprayed in 1957. No moths were recovered on Long Island. In the generally 
infested area, 12 moths were caught in 4 traps in Unionvale township and 

59 moths in 16 traps in Dover township. Most of these sites are outside or 
immediately inside 2 irregular areas sprayed in 1957. A single moth was 
recovered in Champlain township in Clinton County. NEW JERSEY - One moth 
was recovered near Hibernia in Rockaway township, within one-half mile of a 
1956 positive site sprayed in 1957. (PPC, East. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 

MICHIGAN - No moths trapped during September. Total for season was 15 in 

7 traps in Lansing area. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) - IDAHO - Noticeable increase 
in number of groups of red-topped trees observed in 1958, with a considerable 
buildup of the beetle in 12,500 acres in St. Joe River drainage above Avery. 
(Denton). MONTANA - Increasing on Kootenai, Flathead and Lolo National 
Forests. Greatest buildup found in Flathead Valley over an area of 5000 acres. 
(Denton). WASHINGTON - Increased activity on Douglas-fir in northeast. 

Groups of 50 or more trees killed. (Denton). 


MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus monticolae) - IDAHO - Heavy infestation 

in the Clearwater National Forest continues to take a considerable toll 

of western white pine. It is expected that beetle populations will increase 
still further in 1959. (Denton). MONTANA - Two active infestations, totalling 
1000 acres, showed a 54 percent decrease in number of newly attacked trees 

in 1958. (Denton). WASHINGTON - A moderate to heavy epidemic has been continuing 
for several years taking a considerable toll of about 1200 acres of lodgepole 
pine near Chewalah. (Denton). 


BARK BEETLES (Dendroctonus spp.) - MONTANA - Several spot infestations of 

D. murrayanae near West Yellowstone. Beetles filling in at base of lodgepole 
pine following attacks by an undetermined pitch moth along the upper bole. 

D. engelmanni decreasing activity in State as a whole. A few active centers 
persist around logging operations in Kootenai and Flathead National Forests and 
in a wilderness area of Custer National Forest. (Denton). 


WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) - WEST VIRGINIA - Becoming very noticeable 
at scattered locations within State, with red spruce apparently equally if not 
more favored than white pine. Abundant in all northeastern States. Apparently 
an upswing from normally high incidence is in progress. (Northeast. For. Pest 
Rptxr.,, Oct... L5)% 


=) 895) = 


FLATHEADED BORERS - CALIFORNIA - Borers, probably Anthaxia aeneogaster and 
Chrysophana placida infested ponderosa pine in three-year old plantation stock 
in the Stanislaus National Forest. It is believed these followed damage from 
Cylindrocopturus eatoni. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). OREGON - Chrysobothris sp. 
severely damaged about 10 percent of a large juniper planting in a nursery 

at Sweet Home, Oct. 13. (Bock). 


LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) - MONTANA - Outbreak covering several 
square miles of scattered western larch stands in Missoula County. This is the 
first record of this species in the northern Rockies since 1944. (Denton). 


INTRODUCED PINE SAWFLY (Diprion similis) - MINNESOTA - Active on white pine in 
Brainerd area of Crow Wing County and Park Rapids area of Hubbard County. 
(Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 


RED-HEADED PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion lecontei) - PENNSYLVANIA - Feeding on one 
out of 25 pines in a 10,000 tree plantation in Armstrong County. (Drooz). 


A PINE RESIN MIDGE (Retinodiplosis inopis) - CALIFORNIA - It is believed that 
this insect killed ponderosa twigs in the El Dorado National Forest in 

El Dorado County, and was followed by secondary twig beetles, Pityophthorus sp. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


APHIDS - IDAHO - Heavy infestation on western white pine throughout range 

of the pine in the State. (Denton). UTAH - Periphyllus lyropictus damagingly 
abundant at Logan and Ogden. (Knowlton). WASHINGTON - Fall migrants returning 
to winter hosts, green ash and cottonwood, in Pullman area 2-3 weeks later 
than during past 5 years. (Johansen). IDAHO - Eriosoma lanigerum fall 
migration in Parma area began second week in October (Scott), heavy fall 
migration in Moscow area (Portman). 


A CHERMID (Pineus coloradensis) - WASHINGTON - Exact damage not yet determined. 
May be associated with serious loss of 2 and 3-year old needles on white pine. 
Damage noticed throughout range of white pines in northeastern area. (Denton). 


SPRUCE SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus ununguis) - MONTANA - Outbreaks persist over 
much of the Douglas-fir forests treated in 1957 and 1956. No significant 
populations found outside treated areas. (Denton). 


BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) - VERMONT - Statewide survey revealed 
much greater acreage and volume of balsam fir killed than anticipated. No 
damage or current infestations found north of Danville and Lamoille River. 
Tree mortality and heavy attack observed throughout remainer of State. Stem 
attack dominant. Could result in extensive loss of balsam fir. NEW YORK - 
Gradual buildup at locations in Hamilton County reported. (Northeast. For. 
Pest Rptr., Oct. 15) 


BEECH BLIGHT APHID (Prociphilus imbricator) - PENNSYLVANIA - Heavy on beeches 
in an area of Pike County. One farm with 3-5 acres of dead beeches, possibly 
resulting from this aphid. (Drooz). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - FLORIDA - Pupae collected from 
ornamental mimosa at Ft. Walton Beach, Okaloosa County. This is second 
infestation reported in State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


ALDER FLEA BEETLE (Altica ambiens) - IDAHO - Widespread outbreak occurring 
over northern portion of State. Heavy defoliation on alder and willow. 
(Denton). MONTANA - Widespread outbreak in western area. Heavy defoliation 
on alder and willow. (Denton). WASHINGTON - Heavy feeding but light damage 
on alder and willow throughout northeastern area. (Denton). 


—O9On = 


LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) - ALABAMA - Three specimens collected 
in Lee County. (Pearson). Insect not frequently, reported from Alabama. 


SCALE INSECTS - MISSISSIPPI - Pseudaonidia paeoniae caused severe damage to 
camellia in Columbus, Lowndes County. (Hutchins). OKLAHOMA - Aspidiotus 
perniciosus heavy on pyracantha in Payne and Oklahoma Counties. (Howell). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus intestinalis) - OKLAHOMA - Egg laying heavy on 
horses in northeastern areas. (VanCleave). IDAHO - Eggs so heavy as to give 
dark horses a yellowish appearance on legs, belly, shoulders and flanks near 
Parma. (Waters). WYOMING - Judging from the numbers of eggs observed on 
horses, G. intestinalis is the most common of the bot flies that are a 
serious pest of horses on several dude ranches in the Sheridan area, Sheridan 
County. (Davison). 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - FLORIDA - Only 11 cases reported in 
Pasco County for 1958. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Sept. Rpt.). TEXAS - Caused 
severe trouble to livestock in Kendall and Gillespie Counties. (Turney). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - ALABAMA - Continued to cause damage on cattle 
in northern part of State. (Grimes). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 100-300 per 
untreated animal on range cattle in northeastern part of State. (VanCleave). 
NEW MEXICO - Moderate and annoying cattle in Union County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
UTAH - Annoyance to cattle greatly reduced in northern areas of State. 
(Knowlton). 


STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 25-100 per untreated 
animal on range cattle in northeastern area of State. (VanCleave). 


MOSQUITOES - DELAWARE - Adult Aedes sollicitans rather numerous in eastern 
Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). FLORIDA - Unusually light for September in 
areas of Baker and Jackson Counties and very annoying in the Monticello 
district of Jefferson County. Reported very heavy in Brevard County and 
heaviest of year in Indian River County. Populations increasing in Dade 
County and the Keys. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Sept. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - 

A. sollicitans generally increased in some coastal areas. (Ashton). 


SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) - UTAH - Moderately numerous in home flocks 
at Meadowville, Rich County. (Knowlton). 


FLEAS - OKLAHOMA - Pulex irritans and Ctenocephalides felis nuisance in and 
around homes in Oklahoma City, Guthrie, Perkins and Stillwater. (Bower, Howell). 


BROWN DOG TICK (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy in dog kennels 
in Oklahoma City area (Bower) and serious problem in homes in Lawton, 
Comanche County. (Howell). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - MEXICO - As of September 2, five 
properties known to be infested in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Total cubic footage 
involved estimated at maximum of 6,400,000 cubic feet. Inspections in 

Mexicali district of Baja California negative during September. (PPC, Mex. Reg. , 
Sept. Rpt.). 


- 897 - 


Stored-grain Pests in Texas - Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium confusum, 
Laemophloeus pusillus, and fungus beetles averaged 15-25 per quart of grain 


sample. (Garner) . 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - PENNSYLVANIA - Tenodera aridifolia sinensis more abundant than usual, 
generally. (Udine). OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 0.4-1.2 per sweep 
in some alfalfa fields in northeastern part of State, Nabis sp. 0.8-1.5 

and lacewings 0.5-1.2. (VanCleave). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - KENTUCKY - Aerial and ground treatment 
of 2,132 acres of private and public lands in Pike County accomplished 
between September 15 and 25. MINNESOTA - Trapping during season negative. 
MICHIGAN - Total of 241 acres soil-treated in Detroit area and 2 acres in 
Benton Harbor. ILLINOIS - Five additional finds, estimated at 3 acres each, 
found at Kankakee, Joliet, West Chicago, Streator and Morrison. (PPC, Cent. 
Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


BLACK VINE WEEVIL (Brachyrinus sulcatus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Entering homes in 
Greene County. (Udine). 


BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittatus) - MARYLAND - Troubling homeowners in 
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - NORTH CAROLINA - Light 
infestation in Robeson County. (PPC). 


TROPICAL FIRE ANT (Solenopsis geminata) - TEXAS - Very numerous in peanut 
fields and hindering harvest in Mason County. (Garrett). Mounds very 
numerous and causing concern to residents in Brown and Falls Counties. 
(Gallaway, Monk). 


= 898 — 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea 


ALABAMA 
Crossville 10/13 2 
ARKANSAS 
Fayetteville 10/2-8 1 1 38 
Kelso 10/2-8 5 4 10 38 
Morrilton 10/2-8 9 5 62 
FLORIDA 
Monticello 10/14 aL 
Quincy 10/13 4 
INDIANA (Counties) 
Orange 10/5-13 40 32 10 17 1 81 
Tippecanoe 10/9-14 (fal 97 al 68 4 440 
MISSISSIPPI 
Senatobia 10/2-9 1 3 8 
*State College 
10/11-17 17 6 3 44 93 
*Stoneville 
10/10-16 19 24 10 2 59 167 170 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 10/13-19 20 3 8 al Wi 
Clemson 10/12-18 Ta 5 i 10 i! 
Florence 10/12-18 69 26 9 40 107 18 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 
Blount 10/7-13 it 3 8 1 8 9 
Cumberland 10/7-13 16 8 3 26 
Greene 10/7-13 4 1 1 6 
Johnson 10/7-13 9 4 6 il 19 al 
Madison 10/7-13 7 2 ail 203 
Maury 10/7-13 2 4 1 i 18 
Robertson 10/7-13 1 id 1 al 1 aL 154 
TEXAS 
Waco 10/11-17 48 44 31 27,730 203 


*Two traps - State College; 3 traps - Stoneville. 


- 899 - 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 
RED BOLLWORM (Diparopsis castanea Hampson) 


Economic Importance: Losses caused by this pest to cotton are serious in some 
areas of South Africa. During outbreak years, losses have been as much as 

80 percent in Nyasaland and Mozambique and 60 percent in the Union of South 
Africa. Damage has been so serious in some localities of Nyasaland that no 
cotton was picked from the first crop. The loss in yield of cotton attributed 
to the red bollworm was about 20 percent in the 1930-31 season in South Africa 
compared to an overall loss of about 33.7 percent that could be attributed 

to all species of bollworms. Generally speaking, red bollworm affects the 
cotton crop in three ways: (1) destroys full-sized bolls, (2) limits formation 
of mature bolls and (3) causes shifting of the time of crop production through 
destruction of first-crop cotton. Four species of Diparopsis are known to 
occur in Africa, the most important are D. castanea and D. watersi. The latter 
species is restricted to areas of Africa north of the equator and in Aden on 
the Arabian Peninsula. D. tephragamma is restricted to Angola and D. gossy- 
pioides to Tanganyika. — c 


Fay = Diparopsis castanea Hamps. 
YG = Diparopsis watersi (Roths.) 


General Distribution of Diparopsis spp. 


Distribution: Diparopsis castanea has been recorded in Mozambique, Union of 
South Africa, Transvaal, Natal, Nyasaland, Swaziland, Belgian Congo, West Africa, 
Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Uganda and Southern Tanganyika. 


Hosts: Cultivated and wild cotton, Thespesia sp., abutilon, Cienfugosia 
hildebrandtii and Gossypioides kirkii. 


Life History and Habits: Adults are nocturnal. They lay eggs on all parts of 
the host plant. Eggs hatch in 3-4 days and the young larvae Migrate to squares 
or young bolls. In absence of fruiting bodies, larvae may bore into the stem, 
but this is unusual. There are 5 larval instars, the first two are usually on 
squares, flowers or very young bolls, later ones on more mature bolls. A larva 
may destroy upwards of 6 squares or one medium-sized boll. Normally larval 
development is complete in about 14 days, but in cooler weather this may be 


(Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) No. 63 of Series 


= 900 i= 


doubled. Pupation occurs in the soil, the duration being extremely variable. 
In some instances, pupal development starts immediately and the moth emerges 
in 2-3 weeks, while in other instances the pupa may remain in diapause up to 
32 months. There are 4 to 5 generations annually in South Africa with some 
larvae being found throughout the year. Oviposition usually reaches peak 
between late March and early May. Attacks are most noticeable during this 
period. In years with short seasons, damaging populations may be reduced as 
much as 70 percent. 


Description: The head and thorax of male purplish-pink mixed with whitish 

and some fuscous; antennae ochreous-white, pectus ochreous-white, purplish in 
front; abdomen ochreousewhite. Forewing purplish-pink mixed with whitish, 
costa irrorated with olive scales; antemedial line whitish, oblique from costa 
to submedian fold, with slight indentation (see figures to distinguish 

D. castanea from D. watersi) above fold, then erect, a dark brown band before 
ait from costa to median nervure and crossed by a wedge-shaped olive patch in 
submedian interspace; an indistinct fine brownish medial line, oblique from 
costa to upper angle of cell, then inwardly oblique; a whitish postmedial 
line, excurved from costa to vein 4, then oblique, a similar subterminal line 
less incurved to costa, with blackish suffusion between them from vein 3 to 
inner margin; cilia pale olive mixed with fuscous. Forewing of female pinker 
and less purple, costal area not irrorated with olive, no band before costal 
half of antemedial line and patch below the cell paler, the area between 
postmedial and subterminal lines on inner area and the cilia pale olive. Wing 
expanse 27-31 mm. Young larva grayish-white, turning pale-pinkish to reddish 
after first molt. When nearly full-grown, a fairly uniform red color develops 
on a greenish background, head and thoracic plates chestnut; setae, setiferous 
tubercules and spiracles black. Anal plate grayish-white with black 
longitudinal line. Mature larva about 25 mm. in length. Pupa uniform light 
chestnut, tinted slightly greenish. A dark-green line runs dorsally to tip of 
abdomen. Length 14-17 mm. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation 
with other ARS agencies.) CEIR 8(43) 10-24-58 


Nee 


Forewings of (A) D. watersi and (B) D. castanea 


Male of Diparopsis sp.(Slightly Reduced) 


Figures (except map): Adult from Hampson, G. F. 1908. Catalogue of the 
Noctuidae in the Collection of the British Museum. 709 pp., London. Forewings 
from Clements, A. N. 1951. Bul. Ent. Res. 42(3) :491-497. 


= GOL = 


Volume 8 Cooperative Economic Insect Report 1958 


LIST OF INTERCEPTED INSECTS AND MITES, 1956 


(List of Pests Recorded from July 1, 1955, 
through June 30, 1956, as Intercepted in, 
on or with Plants and Plant Products 
entering United States Territory.) 


INTRODUCTION 


This list is being issued in response to a suggestion by the Insect Survey 
Committee of the Entomological Society of America in order to stimulate further 
interest in the detection of pests not known to occur in the United States. 

It has been abstracted from the forty-third report of interceptions issued 
October, 1957, by the Plant Quarantine Division, Agricultural Research Service, 
U. S. Department of Agriculture. The list summarizes the records of insects 
and mites found in, on, or with plant products (1) imported, (2) offered 

for but refused entry, (3) held as ships' stores, etc., and hence not offered 
for entry through customs, (4) offered for entry for immediate transportation 
and exportation in bond, and (5) in domestic shipments between the American 
Virgin Islands, Hawaii and Puerto Rico and the mainland. 


This abstract deals with insects and mites of known or potential plant 
quarantine significance that are not known to occur in the Continental United 
States according to all available ARS and U. S. National Museum records. In 
addition to those listed here, many interceptions were made of other insect 
pests of primary plant quarantine significance including (a) important pests 

of only limited distribution in the United States such as the golden nematode, 
pink bollworm, Mexican fruit fly, khapra beetle, etc., and (b) known economic 
pests such as fruit flies and others of potential economic importence that could 
not be determined specifically because they were taken in immature stages. 

The data, including some for the previous year, were largely obtained from 
identifications made by specialists of the Entomology Research Division and 
Plant Quarantine Division, supplemented by information supplied by State 
officials. Specialists of the Crops Research Division identified many of the 
host plants cited. All scientific names were reviewed by specialists in the 
Department and U. S. National Museum to assure conformance to the International 
Rules of Nomenclature. Any names that have been changed since the list was 
issued in October, 1957, have been corrected in this revision. Every effort 
has been made to give the correct origin for all collections listed, questionable 
cases being ommitted or the origin listed as unknown. 


- 902 - 


Pest and host County of origin Number of Collected in 
interceptions 


Acrolepia assectella(Zell.) (Hyponomeutidae) : 


Allium porrum(leek)...... 05sec cet nee ec ee eee reese nteee France ,Netherland,Spain.......... Geesesoon Mig Saq ote 
Adetus mucoreus Bates(Cerambycidae) : 

Copaifera hemitomophylla("cativo").........ee esse eee eeeee CoLOmbiaiin micrsfevelellecetelerejelsvelerelsyers eke) ede od biomaa.4 Ga. 
Adoretus sinicus Burm. (Scarabaeidae) : 

ATT p Va apeyaisre -Teteakoletusiefenctejenslatel=)-/aitero{eleuatas) siedeheleredetetepeietalenelele te Hawaii ,Japan,unknown............- AS a ioep ota Hawaii 

BAGEABC joie eyesore n,sielayele:syeieja aa ele)ois.ni= si olen ais (ab ie\'e si ess. e Loseliehe| =) sueiielle Hawa teres eaeenet= sy sien seneretes sVeneliey sie felieichelielie PASS ob pics 6 Hawaii 

Cordyline terminalis(ti)........- 2. eee eee ee eee eee eee eee MeRey CLO fencitclcteledcrenchevexcusaeretsnenescrejesencherens acon Hawaii 

PT OWETS oats ceicjerete i ciececetaretehencheenetelehe tole lerencredeh ede ferelebellalin inte tahevessie/ateisits ef ea AO wetatavaliellapatal seer egsVetalietatcfak=t-lallaliella\/e) s fa coo dda Hawaii 

OTH i detepensteperietere tote rot ole we te rete ol calor shane oXeRave loka felofabateNotetsKePoV=-Eay-Ve¥a: sqateys ele ees CO refalisy had vareierstelonet -satetevesisystete Veciodomms Hawaii 

Personal veLEt CES eis cielscerejeieyeysyeveetaenaie.sieseieze (sia lelapategere?sVat-isie\ sl ¥ellele HaWadiy, J ADANT creer sclerayetshelcley cia, slecelazene Gbabonote Hawaii 

Zingiber officinale(ginger) .......-..eeseeeeee eee ee erence AWA lydedeaiah toNepsuebevelsiatenel safest elsqerevers revesencheYsiiehs) Hawaii 
Agroiconota propinqua(Boh.) (Chrysomelidae) : 

AnanasecomoSus\(pineappPLE))ejeretere ccetehssbassusveiecslelencko veer tderet-deieuniaheae DominicansRepub lich scetcyetetelerstolereier sie hace eon P.R. 

Swietenia mahogoni (mahogany).......: cesses eccssssssecees erctns CO) tatipelvemet er earereNor kee reehep achat epeners Therma o ol a'a:o Fla. 
Alpheias conspirata Hein. (Galleriidae) : 

AnanasiCOMmOSUS Cpineapple) hehe vavevereteieretelolalsiefedeinlale chehqladodsgetenei=ts MEX1COmmetetstereketarsferedotehetsisicil-laterexeversre Sa eMDoeD Tex. 
Alypiodes geronimo(Barnes) (Noctuidae) : 

CAcEUSt rica prcuarstaccncievefelorctrvolcieleren suet eleletst=V=UsceNorsateteteCedel -ueketcueds loge Mexid!cOmmyreneratevatayeveistaieleisksretetaiesensheirehe tap ooemoc Ariz. 
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied. ) (Tephritidae) : 

Achrasizapota (Sapodi La) i iieie cciescvensje sselalerelate ayera\«ferers ste laren eile ous Venezula 1 Noyes 

Citrus paradisi (grapefruit) 

CUtTUSeS NENSIS (COLANEE) i eisia sdayerelcteiateverelel slellelaverchacs1-U-tetstelslerexsiene 
Anchastus flavovittatus Cham. (Elateridae) : 

OCHL Ge He lvetey sia/aeushcliniarelssaueo, sveisloballslis sels Vshi=heWlellojlevieedelsr ote =Sefs pict ataiaiauer «i, Meese) CO ey avenonsval onal anspetotenetedche ic tasscetelatots dT ereVeletsteke Tex 
Anomala albopilosa Hope(Scarabaeidae) : 

Arp Vane lsiayereoh-s els eitsvessiets/ cuevevatatarsishete) =renehapevetal syaiel ahepeteiel-iansiaelehehehei a OE PEMA AA tr cipoHorbiood.s coldedib-o no otieD Fe rer aerstets Hawaii 
Anomala cuprea(Hope) (Scarabaeidae) : 

FATT DIAN Cheyer save loxahe/sjeie ei sgetel el eaekessyor sustain \-asseiciensdsueieselohsl epciedeeeVatelats mieispe! AO ever onstaperebepelteneh tchededemeteceekeleleheh> PAs Sense Hawaii 
Anomala pleurimargo Reitt. (Scarabaeidae) : 

AS rp VAN Seige rete sere euseveveaevols wetleasens bafeliaichetatere.s\eusjeselefeietapelshaisasrene ys arenes regehal AO lyehaha exepece¥el olehetoioncksrcsetehehetelerey sieve (Aaa abe Hawaii 
Anomala schoenfeldti Ohaus(Scarabaeidae) : 

IAcicr pian e at eteaetelefetere) cle taseserayaronshs ca seh RovenedaLavatetoperecssaveneioaehenstqfekegePeters Drenehei COMiaiiavdiatstehetonstoneneonensscteTenepeherer sfella bbe aac Hawaii 
Anomala sulcatula Burm. (Scarabaeidae) : 

Ar plan Orriren rt heiieiers a lenehelsiet ere /elejatarststecete'lnavssel custo) sana fexereiak=<oeh eget Bos losamnd ou0UD puboaAddoUn GCOud0G Ilo asieoorna Hawaii 
Anthonomus rectirostris(L.) (Curculionidae) : 

Prunus nipponica(takane Cherry) ..--......scececeecerssece PEW Ms oarinddubooonhbooreonhcoannod nei gies ataneks Di Cr 
Anthonomus ruficollis Champ. (Curculionidae): 

On chald evneietens te ctetone ecesetatereneptronahahs, cheveucvetavereiiege elelel sieustcdenelahcheteieh- vay Mexd'COlsstustejelstelejelelese|-aeerenatateta(slsiefchena beacsnaud ING peelis 


Aonidiella inornata McKenzie(Coccidae) : 


Coccos nucifera(coconut) Calif.* 
PU PSTNS Dien telescp eueteiateyecsuersialetetesisxet ¢ Calif.* 
Aphthona nanyoensis Chujo(Chrysomelidae) : 
Atrp lan ehgivercraitccseists soy srershapeesel ore) stenmalararcfepe ieielsusve: steuensue(sioh=t=petensperale UNKNOWN eyeteiehevelenevarsrepersteiehatepenegehe ei euerais Ito OO Hawaii 
Apion pomonae F. (Curculionidae) : 
Vilciapstivalvetch) mebrih farcrstce sesso ts aheselalstcteccueletaxetsasteyatepsKatepokare Azores ,Madeira Islands........... ere tete dave Mass. 
Aplocnemus aerosus(Schilsky) (Melyridae) : 
Theme da tri an Gra aejace asepsteiciaiesevevore;s(oyereia) ela} erele. here ieleteieileieisl of=al ol sy UnilonsofeSoutheALr i Cayce ereisiencteieie Ll ekapstapeieksne Dict 
Araecerus vieillardi Montrz. (Anthribidae) : 
Operculina tuberosa(wood-roSe) .......- 6c cence sccncces Hawadsive-cteiensleveteneloveveyefevaols cVenetetataretoxsueye Leenescreteie Hawaii 
Arcte caerulea(Guen.) (Noctuidae) : 
AGT PUAN Es tensistere re epeusualeveishevaia: eheqarelapateefeleradateseietaZen:qatapetalstatsheystehatvat alle JADANGE) leretateloloraveletckekeralecereyerstateteteteteye it eioda ad Hawaii 
Aspidiotus hartii(Ckll.) (Coccidae) : 
DLOSCOLE ASDA GYAM) savers tleraishoterercislevencketslntetetsbel fehavel ohePayeretslereisteraraue Anguilla,British Honduras, ...... thaaeoueeo Nipeycsmsitee 
British West Indias, Thomas and 
Nevis, St. Kitts, St.John, 
Tortola. Tex. 
Athesapeuta cyperi Mshl. (Curculionidae) : 
ALT P LAN C eteleis teks lapansuetovaterciesciekoieteneterstslalehsiat shellelotevatelelsieseteistefe ieLetetet= HA WALD eres) chal ievahaVetererestabeheneiovetererateRcre USSoodaue Hawaii 
With Cyperus sp. and Lycopodium Spi. 6... ee nels cele wi eeio'e ep afais! UO '-tavern) sev everelelevanotel she; «i silelesersjelonenete Levey eter ot etelie Hawaii 
Aulacaspis mangiferae Newst.(Coccidae) : 
Mangiterawindica (Mango). revere efstevelers svae/ sleyeledatalalfedeleCoisVerelsver sel spe NilcararuaySalLvadory eis sctesstehsietelsoie Dieter never Calif.*,Texas 
D Learn Cave nceeteyarseate nen exe deveves oh si aliohahs re veiare \chatonsh eepMenetantkeheneorinieteccec sietetenere VEN eZ Wateichenersie: vetlats ara leCovelage te cetayetene Uteponckerstenen= Calif.* 
Austrotortrix postvittana(W1k.) (Tortricidae) : 
Malusi sylvestris (applie)). yer. ie; ete. s/svel susba-ecele -e¥s!s) ofegera'lar stahsraiiupays (ore News Zea Land octechee hoster cecuscetettistekenetere DiSiord 6610.0: Nisaxe 
Barbara tessulatana(Stdgr.)(Olethreutidae) : D 
Cupressus #SpeCcyPreSs)isic,acversielaciietsin) ofa (evay otayetalelovetetalel=yol=icichefelshe GreeGeaprercicherereleleislecelenstsisinisterctefeneienere Li vorehevanenene Niemayc 
Bephrata maculicollis Cam. (Eurytomidae) : 
ANNONA MULT Catal (SOUrSOD) les. eieteten-scuedsysisiarescenetsnolevslelel=her-peseteronatere VeneZue la icyeravers ists cyonetensiesavevecevaveparesate Lye cteisucests P. R. 
Bouhelia maroccana Balachowsky(Coccidae) : 
Muscari comosum (ei pol lino) esrpeienis encierersvayeseteros) a eteteretetererat sl eyale MOROCCOlstenis's creveickereterare teste rerehclebsketeteye pL a ieituntic Nove 
Brachycerus albidentatus Gyll. (Curculionidae) : 
Aime sat Lv (par EC eee svapeieraie sy eerie tsaeteherehacisasi-eerscokeherete ker Dtailiyy vee opecsvetatavarctorcietetayetene rte yatatansfests ee aaacoe Tex. 
Brachycerus algirus(F.) (Curculionidae) : 
ALliumesa ti vom (earls) yercters atelcistershctetelcteys oveiste eicpalaiatatesyeqsts/aP e/a Tetadiys3S padnis verses iieisistersierslererslehoneyenete beeooon SD NiO Nen ela 
Bruchidius algiricus(Allard) (Bruchidae) : 
Viclagtaba (broadbean) foreteiete ctetarstelcianislete (se) eleleve otedevsnsdetenenel=hFel=T> EY DU eioiesetelereteieieve forclielnr=ists:akersieveresayelel= eetetscsusteReve Mass 
Bruchidius dorsalis Fahr. (Bruchidae) : 
GLEATTSTAgS pri ctapeiatalchenstetspelercieyeatounistsvelaretaxevavatatetsietasetedsuelersvereie) ctets ) APAM cretcvecseeceperedenehensietenen aetneveneracsLeledete tL ValiayereRors ts Wash 
Bruchidius gilvus(Gyll.) (Bruchidae) : 
Onobrychises pres tevsutaiherssersielensaerecereaehenenaubsiarsteralWateshapersiehe rete TUNES Ycivieveleteletetenstelstcvel ieveherete tet ek-Deledel = le omanodeo Dich. 
Bruchidius incarnatus(Boh.) (Bruchidae) : 
Viciawtaba Gbroadbean)farerste stevencrsreleisteieteterelajeceiedesistetettatereileRar ener German yecnrcrenctelotersiederatei-terevarstepehokenenehs epehekaueversts Va. 
Bruchidius picipes(Germ.) (Bruchidae) : 
ASLTARALUS ESD yay-vehaieveteleyshetctercys lccapersvaaPelarerslelesslahet-senetstareleVer skekocers bE openooodopdodapbooougdUuooDD Lieve dsteneteners Dac. 


*State inspection 


903 - 


Pest and host Country of origin 


Number of Collected in 


interceptions 
Bruchophagus coluteae(Boucek) (Eurytomidae) : 
ColuteaparbDOrescenSmarpaiedetecteteth dekeletoieretensdchieietsteleneheseueterstelia LGailycpererietetesotcdepidetedckershenelertetetenetsie ike conoid N. J. 
Bruchophagus glycyrrhizae Nik. (Eurytomidae) : 
Glycyrrhiza Sp...-.... ee ee eee eee te eect eens DO AM yas ese) «i viele! ssi) vie/elele ehsheleiels ise sree Moker at atielsueils D. C. 
Bruchophagus mellipes Gahan(Eurytomidae) : 
Sesbandagsesbaney.)ceyereieistelstelole) slekeleseheReKelsl=Usleleds0eUnis) ele is;eheieiei els sare INVES snonpouapopobopuddddboudoDO ose dada Dic: 
Bruchophagus onobrychidis(Nik.) (Eurytomidae) : 
Onobrychis vActafoUdaiy cic sheiciele) sve teielclejsieieisicle) eles eis sje) sisjfels\siele Der AMMyerensnscekctotsic\eued-nehetoteniee Reno eneter ciate IS oimbolna Denice 
Onobry.chiSyS piepevepelevepet-heletetateielshskesoietehapelchaletelel elle) «Vet evedsiehelelelelis isis) eas B10 musieueur enon ensieuersesvaystetonenet stenotic ne al Wevetevett et = Dis 
Bruchophagus ononis (Mayr) (Eurytomidae) : 
OnondSHPUbeSCEDS eyareercenerehersmelcielevercvehetclele eieSetele(elsisisle: el si'stelershetoysile LSTA! Le paraleladsvcharspeieccote sal onevolenereitevet sets niga aed’ Dich. 
Bruchus emarginatus Allard(Bruchidae) : 
PEM Eka AI(GEEN co ooacusou cco ovmousodcd coopouoKOlSoR aE BULMAt yet ust oueiehensroneerenrarenenetehs veri: Varsrebaraiciehs Nj) Xie 
Witciavervilia(bittex svete hia -pcrrtsisienrnciereiteejeiassisrsisie:clataliarsi =: A aE T es crigy Giid SGI RECO MCHC SERCO Orc CHONG Oasis Dic: 
Bruchus ervi Froh. (Bruchidae) : 
LensvculLinards s\(lentalli) eres cieniciemercelenetsienchesenedstensseeiscecciay cere List Liye Spenay sparen car: suri eneliere sudevevere teneneviveyete Di sWiveteyevssete INARDYs 
Bruchus lentis Froel. (Bruchidae) : 
Mensmcwlinard s\Glen\Eavlh)merruciessiete rela tateusneneyetiepetelecenereh avers Sheer France lita ly, lebanon, siceieisisisierstere eco te rete Nevnying ODL en, 
Libya,Union of South ex. 
Africa ,unknown. 
Bruchus rufipes luteicornis I11.(Bruchidae) : 
Vilcilaganeus bict olelarwuct-stershetetepeieretaValecenetetetsltshslehavetatetat eer atelete ne) ertera GErmaniyppenetercrstokenerstctedersteteleysialietevsiionst sie Me eoie chore N. J 
Vilciapsatival(vetch)iisesiricteicicic cosneisis iis ierelerelcteve teitierste srsaessasie AZores? Portupaleysssicivetacsccvereisrnstetene Ade aod bere Mass. ,N. Y. 
Vile Bacto scoscs suapedon dodo moos ndtooOoDOOgGUdUDDOOOD Portupaillicmmerenekcrister sueieveteievsheravaioteneactane Mevecneiondcn DiC 
BruchusS Signaticornis Gyll.(Bruchidae): 
Lensmculinaris (lentil) errr ctekels si crehedsler tekeRedenelelersarcestcnetaase ste Ast aly /popetekay event epeheiietete iofoto ceveraistejaheteiere Seasieverenene N. Y 
Bruchus tristiculus Fahr. (Bruchidae) : 
WicLams tivalvetch) purer ieteicrleirsicreciersntenterohehtererusrsrsterersretsiiste AZOL ES nysrmepeneteleteneh tee tete ay evatereceheuerel site Diiteuereretewers Newwe 
Bruchus tristis Boh. (Bruchidae) : 
GAM op obodadodnodooconanoospapmooUmomobnoSobabodSsogDno oo CRSS8S 5 oo conoodonoouoooddau dodecs UoioneRCIO'S na B ES 
La chynusecl COV Acitepiatttelaseteiet-[eneieier-xersieleteleleysteltstoleneceaterernsvel sls Mins eur eragetehetehatatetananeehatotle (el lrekersverietayeGane ne ietefetejerets DEC. 
LACH YRUSESAGLVUS soperetepeteictonshohshalelefalslevonersvevelsletalel heheh eveliarete/eletahonate st ailiyiecemeterenetersisscisuetepaaelsievereverevererene sieve Ueereneashenete Niegay 
a thynuses DerererccncirrckelseiersicnkereveteretenensvorehatsistenenererersUaiacsccney ere BYP CLO eereaver eet orepenctensacicvey avery sierepersLepel cts omaodono Niweyie 
Bruchus ulicis Muls. (Bruchidae) : 
Hensmeulinaras (Ven Cisse tier te retere ckepere smere lege afessr oe sarareurens ete ET AM ype ey eek eve ie teewcselivenelscauecgie Seeceiedone ee teint Dien Cs 
WA CLAMS D)araetehataa-VokalstetelcleKheh eliadstaistansvetstielarsrsiiclaleuslishe/ sictele/slshayscspetetons MAO py reteniaete te iereretsieieceteetensliersteys Liayeteneetnrede DiGi. 
Cacoecia pronubana(Hbn.) (?) (Tortricidae) : 
Rosmarinus officinalis(rosemary)..........0eeeeee cece eeee Titalliyprte teteceteeekerkorcnekersrerticas ey vecenstecchone tte teueregs Mass 
Callosobruchus analis(F.) (Bruchidae) : 
Lensmeulinards(elen til) mene teieie ter mete tietbaletneienetenstete rene) cieie Union of ‘South Africa: .:...2..- Lr aeiete ns Tex 
Calyptocephala gerstaeckeri Boh. (Chrysomelidae) : 
Chamaledoreamoblon gait amrsersterhlenespeeeircerstersrensteie is telerenetecetelaiersts MO XTC Onteteaterepe totes -dinedcnetenrievelesevonetsl sles DS ara o Tex 
Carposina niponensis Wal. (Carposinidae) : 
Malusesyivesitris (apple) mitrtrntiiiieetetererettetslsteeteisisisiaretersccrs SAP ANE Meet Pe iencbeReter toler eroierciekelaicevereverere tiles oooh 6 Hawaii ,Pa. 
Tex. ,Wash. 
Caryedon fuscus(Goeze) (Bruchidae) : 
Archisphyporaea (peanut) teceervensehstsisisrsvelevelotsisletshs ister) aicvevelereetcle > CapemVierdepis Tan dsijecsc le st=setse'si ete ADS natereee eee Mass 
KEAN) SEC nogaapeoasacogocoduaDUdooUdduobUDONDOoUBOoODAG LAZOLECS iereietehoetcasyshat-bedstaneretausite jatereteverane Ito aD Ooo Mass 
TREO Gooch ovosscobhoodansucomanonedp0doucaondopooUDOGoOUL Wr la rpetereieveresveletolsistolfeleietejeleiekesslese\e US ie aol N. J 
Cassida circumdata Herbst. (Chrysomelidae) : 
AGMA Deo oes oesboookoupoDnnedHooopnedousnoDoaaooOmoeoanms Guam ,Hawaii,unknown.............. Gitersietere tere Hawaii 
Cenopalpus pulcher(C.&F.) (Tenuipalpidae) : ( 
Malusesylvestris (apple) dererecsiersiekeereieieveieltavevetsieielevale cokerers lace. «ts Spadmkteretecre feet trehaicictencielerercicieseksvere Al Feteliohstienete DEC. 
Cephalodonta callosa Baly (Chrysomelidae) : 
Stanhopearsp (orchid) iey-rie pe seteisisy steve ate tavcus fetetelsletenelejsvavaiavsheiet Gana one sprcserotcteleleteretonscoxsilevsitelenshe rele du acooces Fla 
Ceratitis capitata(Wied.) (Tephritidae) : 
Averrhoamcarambolal (carambola) lpeintcietacbleietensrersletstelioiesfateyels (exer s Ha warliivecwrepepetenetstelsterlcncverers teva oretaredeners ML eerereieseeenene Calif.* 
Citruspaurantitolia (Sweetpl ime) javier cle) c)-rercleisleleleheysliciossts!s/s;+ 1 AZOLES etetereter-E-fevaley el tstaveloceie are) avelereicle neo thon clo 6 Mass 
Citrusiparadisi(erape fruit) erteierebenaperetepenetetetster eiicieheietete asetoners AUSTAS Rta Lyre wletatarers tate (ste labo lese crake SD eeeretavedeher= N. Y. ,Tex 
Citrusreticulata (Mandarin! orange) <2 i.05.%06< oss cls cscs Cape Verde Islands,Israel ....... AN ancdenenenede Mass. ,N. Y 
Italy 
Citrustsinensis!(orange) icy.) cte a seciereicteiaielioleleieisicisislcie.c creuevcis.ere Algeria ,Azores ,Brazil,Ca-....... A Aras tameh ale Ala. ,Fla.*,La 
nary Islands ,Egypt, Mass. ,N. Y 
Greece ,Israel ,Italy ,Leb- Pa. ,Tex. ,Va 
anon ,Portugal ,Spain, 
Union of South Africa. 
CoffeaspmC(COPPee) etre stele ayarretey soci sustenetole etepakelaversie cietelave cherepstene Brazile Awaditews ists Cavs siecledsverereaelioh ene eininiaiootain Calif .* 
Hawaii ,Tex. 
CrataccusesSpDreauetncycrssapeatictcrstercieurisichereraisteaen nei easicnsherstcnenenastsremeneys Tyballivcteeeneratevaveneleneronodenenel ch siehateuaialet cxehacs Weteranehrecteye) INiSeG 
Gydontagoblonga (quince) isrrcy-trdetetcierarsicrscekothers ieniteretclcteneesvensverstens Greecemmiter teks ete cievenederetisrersiai Lo obiacdan INjmaYie 
EDLobpotnyam)aponica@loquat) rr yertcsisiidiadelasishelstet-pefelchehenenevicusiehete AZOLESSiaenercveteevenensneheyatehenencieneioetelstebeiele none aro Mass. 
Ricusmcard ca Chi) emilee neice ersten uerete inte eee reiei acy ambe Island of Rhodes,Italy........... Cesioa ons Mass. ,N. Y 
Malusisylvestrisi(apple) yy rer.mistetederleerecsisiscicisucie ers © sisusisises-eton Azores ,Italy ,Portugal,........... Sei oud Mass. ,N. Y. 
Spain Pa. ,Tex 
Mesprlusmeermanical(medlar) piycveyesieieletelelel/sicieieicielslciaielsicieisreteret Cady acwerey-eey-eekenersnr ines ioveliersientielecevelesene Fetter etchatere Ney 
Opuntiashumittusa (pr vekl'ypear) eve cies ersieis: eis)e)sisiele alaycinlsiene eis) stels SMe CLO bestenee se yala ep thse aes ray auave tote, walescennace @ocn.da diac Mass. ,N. Y. 
Prunusgarmenlaca (apr cot) iepjpaictcteisieicuereteneveneneievenstelsvelctencistetcest sts Italy ,Spain,unknown.............. Loop aenos Nimans Via 
Prunusmpersi ca (peach) rewmtieiisrsicrcisielelalererenerstetstetereieeie ete rekerarere Brazil ,France ,Italy,Leba-....... PAS edna ants nes Mass. ,N. Y. 
non ,Portugal ,Spain, 
unknown 
Prunussepersicamectarina (nectarine) ier -jereveiterslersis sieve ieienere ET ANC Ore eel Prove sroeierene a ciadehcheiolerevarers Iba ciao INE ee 
Psidiumpeuayjava (puava)epemieiiercrciyeiereiarcrereeonensioiclienercacuchete eteierees IAZOTES | USTAC I 7 ycbeleleteieretelstelalesetorels sie PA eros 9 G06 U Mass. ,N.Y. 
Puni'caigranatum(pomepranate)|- 51-1 cle clei cies ocieic.c on see Mehalcyeyerseveysierestee heron dsisiererchereustevetsrevelre lneeectoncverene Nicene 
Pyrusecommuni's| (pear) Merri ee meee ee ee onic rem cleanness France ,Libya,Portugal,.......... esd bedo Dll, Md, 
Spain ,unknown. Mass. ,N. Y 
Pa.,P. R 


*State inspection 


- 904 - 


Pest and host 


Country of origin Number of Collected in 


interceptions 
Ceratitis capitata(Wied.)(?) (Tephritidae) : 
Citrus i mon Glemon)icahetcessratehene eleleisltictctol ohokehehevakeraperaleestecetetoleneite S Padi rpayenehedetetersickenste teks shold sielievetsteaetens ae abo at Mass 
Citrus paradisi (grape frudt) jee otereie)-tel=t-satesehelal ohacol-\stie) exer oneyetaie BritishybasteAtraicalcicvescper-oislevsisheys Nestacons Mass 
CitrussSinensis (OTANGeES) |e oi src soos pays) leheneye, ele louesere. sata seayayofletae nets Azores ,Brazil,Israel,Italy,..... Ue re Gore Mass 
Palestine ,Portugal, 
Spain 
CoffeatsprCcoLfee)iyreeleseicsercteseles-)s)ateeet katete(st-halelotatel -s-Vetsueliehatep aps Hawai cudtsheuststetshcicreioneysucists is tt-fewetsheae Toppan S Hawaii 
DLOSPyros -Sp-!CPETSAMMON) ee /erepessteieiahsyeteis iste: cleetelel she lateusteralfey euerebaly Dit ail yiepeuspenceenetehcker nekcucdadsteretstsactensnercacdaae ltesstencie ns te Mass 
Eugenia malaccensis(mountain apple).........--.eseeeeeeee HAWAd i veperhker tone rraenceiarereverekeantaseratadewera Lee vehereions Hawaii 
Malus sylvestris (apple) oc .0 ec eis fiers aie 0 oi atate a oie oe, eis ielepeieie ele Azores (2) i Portupaliecte cis issjsieyshotsts Bier essve wlere Mass. ,Pa 
Mangit enagindica(mango)ier steceuayleiticreistel rele elelar=suerens Aga boood HAWALA cy eusueteloversneteindetetewenetefievslaaLsysuedetans Lis ieee ieee Hawaii 
Opuntiashumitusa (prickly pear) icnevestenedsicdetetofepenassnelenepaneceesPolisLe loin ls Aiba yroretetsnsnetensshonsasneeeroneeiede tse venstepeperene Lepr eer INfaaX ts 
Prunusamye dalus'(alMOnG) exec ci sieved e/eislical aUsjejjellepavel etsy s\srsheh fe jniie = GT EOCO ale cise eitttaenonienecsiieysse te elanchesenaaee Lees Mass 
PLUNUS I PESLS 1 Ca GPEACH sare) vaca varie: e) aile/ieay allayarter ote Veilavinue}elienesieiiere forevebelteltstialts Ltaly; Spain, UNKNOWN lee) cnersieleueteisrens A cats woe Mass. ,N. Y. 
Prunus persica nectarina(nectarine).......... 000.0 seieeaee Brazile pretetcmnsenoeneicieheuel-liskcicuctenoke A ee AIA Nise 
Dsiidiumpguayj ava (guava) veces cre cle aicisrs sedekelarehersie (efelolohaselessteWere o¥atc Azores ,Portugal ,South............ ete cee Mass. ,P. R 
America. 
Pyrus COMMUNTS\ (PEAT) keecetciiers shay detested sieteteeaeiveushstenetstsusdelseoucnetetete MSG ALi ypounetscohonetcnsRetetevoteterarietershalaicnenauensyate Diasgols etekes Mass 
Vi tisasp (EADS) weeiecster dere scteusnsiehsis janchoteetetodcretenmieiele eked -feLeqegatakshahete AZOT-CSisgeteteleleteteg-teketstsneteeonone otele totais atage a aenceten Mass 
Cerconota anonella(Sepp) (Stenomidae) : 
Annona Muri 'c ata (SOULSOp)srereiero svstcfeestonascerertbalel al sl deleletepekeberel siete COVOMPUA Nabe teparokecepsbetesstener Vale iosedatetonevece Diheverscettes Ga. 
Chalcodermus dentiferus Faust(Curculionidae) : 
AnanaS comosus (pineapple) ie cerca) «tele sic ale lapelaleledsUeKeuatataraisiersisie MEOXT' CO steneher sdepstenatersbevel Vefetsietener <iejevevesars Deaton aa Tex 
Characoma albulalis Wlk. (Noctuidae) : 
Air plianebaiconedebe sens a ctorsters iavcuel eos is entiesane Ney saecetshehateN ta patayevatsesborerenshans Kwajalein?) iietsstetttedeisteiierascistnecie Le rotisveren Hawaii 
Charidotis seminulum(Boh. ) (Chrysomelidae) : 
Chamaedorea /ODLONGaAtas ccc ci ce eae sieeve soles sie css J Wepratefeyn nonin catnioc6.0.o-b'a.0 cabo those. On Qiajekedeaenedede Tex 
ChamaedoreahS pire cichercslercesonskenede: eleloleke cus ueltch eieleve pens) ctieask otekayeetenatstle EP IGAOliitensteietellovesedshepenstsnebe dens lofatters tec suatts wee ladioocke Bo Tex 
Chelymorpha varians Blanch. (Chrysomelidae) : 
WibLSBS Dp eCETADe ici custors caaiala stage levenscereranetatshonviepsuatehaersretete sate (etatee Chievo ckelaserseeninenanekeieieneneterstetera ters Dei ae rr Nisa 
Chilo suppressalis(W1k.) (Crambidae) : 
OnyZausatava Cri ce) yreiea vere ctets)e cdstslstelebeneteletereiel sien ctsistetaistetseleteys JAPAN SG ehelaledecetete evedeeenatevenehehetet net tere revaiie Gite Calif.*,Ha- 
waii ,Wash. 
Chlorophorus annularis(F,) (Cerambycidae): 
MANCHU UMES Di nccaleteleccievennich scarsye tena litetalivesjatenels telelefepeferateratayiorateishefatepers HAWAII ernaqereferetorersueceseluteratepeasie svataseveue aL clswe serene Hawaii 
Clerada apicicornis Sign. (Lygaeidae) : 
Ghamaedoreags pars acsstetccenstar che slows) oy eta vaceuee heveeoL rel oie) aiereratehapciersiapemene MOXA COs ps jetacehejonetatenetie) eUctataresenelicheKotsPete esis stoi poMSe Tex. 
Vanda sp. (orchid) “ a elael Sauce nate sees besa caveyeteterelal'e HAW eparetenesoetacion hetetetotencnsdetereneterstatscs Le otstexesen ks Hawaii 
Cnephasia virgaureana(Treit.) (Tortricidae) : 
PLOWErS —aASSOVCE sane coerce eseiesehel snobs tovonerstefale leelsksnsisvelede?=notej= oyatsyeteue En Gand sincserexczererens ateretscotsnnumteveyeretsteh ate Beige a Mass 
Colaspis suturalis Lef. (Chrysomelidae) : 
ATT plane Mr tetoaye scerteeusetieteleteeasncie yor sneteh eof eninebineneiranepean terse toh otake Mexl'COlversisrclefat-delehajensiainiedsterstevcheterenerele Tene teeuetaacre Tex 
Colasposoma metallicus rugiceps Lef.(Chrysomelidae) : 
PAL TD VAT Crpenene ocsuetiersssce Fer atioteweds! ouster stone ouelicnepehen evevatinl adereteliesianavedsveyetetertstin ta LAD AD aerate cepstececeransusaeneheteietshapsrecsveveiepersie aL eeReteraren esis Hawaii 
Conotrachelus aguacatae Barber (Curculionidae) : 
Persearamerticans (AVOCAdO)hs;.)ecive evevenanecnie a eye ccuau=natetanens tera rel eiataneyat Nieystfjandcogdanouaan coopaeedannan U5 Seasterorers Tex 
Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki(Rhinotermitidae) : 
Lets Joh M i eerae OOD. Memeo tn uD Or endo toll cpio Dito mami Hooodoc Japan) Phi lippines:(cp))iaterncp-)iaisieneter aha 2 teneterer ciate Hawaii 
Coptotermes niger Snyder (Rhinotermitidae) : 
Woodenspacking CasS@iss yyss:iste,s-sapere: sselsvaa  <psfers|ieirevaraiepetekateratenehstaceneks INL CAT ALU Wererarete: ete iejerols snp evessveie safes slle Gitta pancia La 
Cosmopsaltria fuliginosa(Wlk.) (Cicadidae) : 
AUT D Van Obtepg tavcnepecavevaretcacktotsuen sy verona seatcP ofa teuserdsiaeKokateketens tape tet Roker iets Phat p pines teres eietatepstaherehetsrehelceoes thong coooo Hawaii 
Crophius dirupta(Dist.) (Lygaeidae) : 
ONT CHIG spapecercletetevetoleiersteteteree: cotagenefetere! tetel ue avetecatenepetakeuelalmieye tabetha tel etre MET CO ss srereis sieistereieystonelsver suetaveye vatatel oie Liietetetspe ats Calif.* 
Cryphula apicatus(Dist.) (Lygaeidae) : 
Bromeliadian di) cycads plan tSianis:cis/csoteceienetenel sisdetetetevcictesstetetepaiateteys Rieke rei LO llepetsttevecs onenene he ovehilenonsnevetoaavevane nels Le syotette teres Ariz 
OT CHL Wace iiiepeicey ssveite Nebeits los) aijerey ele serojlevepettteke\aisov! ae sve terre tautNele \syets¥sforere British Honduras ,Mexico.......... A iienersvelek==e Ariz. ,Tex. 
Cryptoblabes gnidiella(Mill.) (Phycitidae) : 
Citrusesinensss (orange) -cesletiy cl -cacneprieysuehereiel enereisiaepenehekeneperote TSrACT HS DALMCA) eerste stetekeysrosett jerencaststs Dilivenesedepeye Mass. ,Pa 
Diospyros sp. (persimmon) Micali yiimenpererdarsvscsesisuccateponsysuesetenershetens iets DL ogenads Cataprede N. Y. 
Punica granatum(pomegranate) CO panacea orion pO par Ono DO Daienevey ears Ney! 


Cryptophlebia illepida(Btlr.) (Olethreutidae) : 
MA cadGaMml aS... cherserrusvepelersec:she cies nverecerep ees clsie) ney ekoWareteve latch Veernshekene 
Plant root-unidentified 
Samanea saman(monkey pod) 
Ctenochira aspersa Champ. (Chrysomelidae) : 
Chamaedoreavoblongatarin cs sistas el-taseleraieeinie st alaletedersleiereres sas telelate 
Curculio elephas(Gyll) (Curculionidae) : 
Castanea sp. (chestnut) 


Quercus ilex(holly oak) 

Quercus; Suber (COLK oO ale) eye suet apace oust cere etale poneleneuen aeriine ceNaliowesestertatts 

QUETCUSHES Dir ehapesstabelate: sie cavairstalienens tebane ‘ede/ehalintetelanevatepalstencushelsienstetetarcts 
Curculio nucum L. (Curculionidae) : 

Castaneassp..Cchestnut)iiie a cicie ctsteie ebcccie severe: slot alatses vetoiagatenssfeverelere 
Cylas formicarius(F.)spp. (Curculionidae) : 

Tpomoeanbatatas (Sweet po Lato) sais lene sitesi ieneles hele teketerate 

POMOC AUS DL cbstelavercisic: yevevedey steyesspscsialenal sLcue ral cketey efekereasielsaeaiekeneneaste sets 
Cylas formicarius formicarius(F.) (Curculionidae) : 

Tpomoeanbatatas (SWEeLDOLATO)) <jveiciste sheleteisrsteretens sieneperens seehenerene 
Dactylotrypes uyttenboogaarti Eggers(Scolytidae) : 

Cupressus arizonica(Arizona cypress) 


*State inspection 


(h)Anonseptonuccupphoocounvoo8 inven ofeteuaraye Hawaii 
Mex COppekerchecscalatelar-tcyel tonstek Rerenetefersnetate isvst tetertetete Tex 
Greece Lcal yi, 5 Pad Miasicfetecetcseseitre tals NE ae Oa DL Nim keg, our 

Thomas and 
St. John. 
S Pal Wyersyepelehevetsten-pevere) euckopeterereuelevalletelene Ee a aero ayo N. J 
Eetaliy S Pa imivsnsisisr sis /eveivieretelesatensvoreteh sis Djtoeteneaete saa N. Jd. 
Wie ban On wercserepicreael entrar canetenenear ater Ziebabeceesvarete Ney de Ne Yr 
DCM Yicrejpecencrs hsp ane jevets/aferelshe ichateltel siolageleite te Ly date toneteneta nora 
Philippines; Thailand i. sick) 1-1 tesco y eR aaa D. C. ,Hawaii 
CDE alrerevepenencheietesslinlsseneueneeplelelayepapereielelle sana sd Hawaii 
Emaar Chadian ore velssicvelonelerst penstetaheys VIA DEC Hawaii,S. C. 
TANCE prelaveetelspohaterete) -falekelouclenersuch spe tenets weno os D. C. 


=.905 — 


Pest and host Country of origin Number of Collected in 
interceptions 


Dacus Cucurbitae Coq. (Tephritidae) : 


Miser nn éeéoboaconbopob eden edoovobcUno DU dOOUR oOo mop Hawaisl Gr) un kn OWN hejethatenenehtajieelterete cons Poin. go8 oo Hawaii 

Cucumispsactvus CCUCUMDET) tie cle ttshelelcheketeheeneTelsjisielelatelslenstescisnele A WATT eke bee adi che teuam Re heee len Genet tenes CPieportencne Calif.* 

Lycopersicon esculentum(tomato)................--22-005 GO frsstovertisic tesa sencisnelettehetsexenerenn iste (evans CRAG Sao Calif.* 
Dacus cucurbitae Coq. (?) (Tephritidae) : 

Cucumismsatavus (CUCUMDET) eroiieielehenlsteielakeagsketeteteleledetehsl-wekelenetexe Mop 1 AOsavetehaciesetelecs eisjenckenensreueleoheatis eveferats St rotchy td Calif.* 
Dacus dorsalis Hend. (Tephritidae) : 

Air planermrrcrni-uneisietrer-ichlshertetehenetelsilekeroliehieitereietsl opellsiiclevedehey=\ishe Hawaii ,West Pacific(?)............ Owosibo no Hawaii 

Carilcampapaya (Papaya) aueieiensdsiitetonchoneye eterenskets talons ietctave utenavenepe/'s Hawaii), Phildppinesii je sieiccssetslereeleiecsne Poked versie Hawaii 

CoffeamSpri(COLLee) in tey-jepcnnie ss ccesteensdete rotorsvetenetile pole letenciiatereta openers Ha wWateireciate oeseret ketenene ae meteor stet rs 1S eee Hawaii 

Condydinenterminald' siti) re rerictpeticilietelstereterelohotereteite eier-tafore Hawaii 

DiOS PyFOSPS Pj (DETSLIMOMN) Fe sojeiet=teseveilesleletel che lore /-vo\lellelelafelelerete| -/ere! = Hawaii 

Ieney og GEREN So ddo ooo opp oan soocdondndndoohupaoroUDo OO Hawaii 

Manpaueterdagen dical(man go) cisnesr-telshetenien teierelereneneistelerelesepsnetetareners Hawaii 

Psidirumepguay Ava (Suave) icieneratvorspereeeepeheneretehepectereraqelay srerelaieiel « Hawaii 
Dacus dorsalis Hend.(?) (Tephritidae): 

Magiferamindica (mango) mrisrnsiestcncicu-uesseeren: kere lols sieietielicietohel stele BA Eh Ola vaya fate ia fo tas falVellacc dense meee Renee tee ae A eee Ont sor Calif.* 

Terminalia catappa(tropical almond).................... contMocceppogennusgonococooonnDeeS eS on Soo Hawaii 

ThevetiampernuvAl anal perset-r-pstonal-f-f-l-bat-yen-cateh-bebed el ohajeleeiadeievayeistleis en OO ya ievaterevar cia icketoieheseesistedehererencmen Rene tepeds voictSren Hawaii 
Dacus oleae Gmel. (Tephritidae) : 

Oleapeuropaea (Olive) ei-petlueiiieiie aelenetedneren-televieheesuel lore lanevar« Greece ,Italy,Lebanon ,Por-........ It (ote Sema Mass. ,N. Y., 

tugal. Va. 

Dacus passiflorae Frogg.(?) (Tephritidae) : 

Manaterapindi'ca(man go) ier yjegeieaeretsyeheiej-uruereteinie ne tonateneici-vavskeredetere IRIS EE ROTA O OOO DAOOROD Oo E UaOdS a Dieter acres Hawaii 
Dendrocoris variegatus Nelson(Pentatomidae) : 

On chiding rdeterieristietok-velokestetoleeien-)ai-lelerehelaet-delotolnton-uclel-h-Rel eke NErs\eeocuo0 canooosodn0oodaa0G0n a IS iordiawe Ariz. 
Deuterocampta atromaculata(Stal) (Chrysomelidae): 

Onde soussagnosscuaodmpD UDO OHO doo ooeDtonoooooOE soos ho gootqonsnonsoubnooUoooOSonauNHod eel peters Tex. 
Diaprepes abbreviata(L.) (Curculionidae) : 

DEM ePShiy Bios oeougusooonsssoonuooudupcouoaGoodbDUKOdG HEShCadonoonmaododdoMdooUdddmageo 1h or 0 ao Fla. * 
Diaprepes famelicus(01l.)var. (Curculionidae): 

BaP Page wera-rntelatsla\cteietocsheisienetstenelietetei-seter carrey susietenetstarcusdeys7storck ste BermMu Gay snepetederehevcveds keke wotedetstetenenetete eens ieacishoenens Ned 
Dichocrocis punctiferalis(Guen.) (Pyraustidae) : 

PinusEsitrobus (white; pine)| cepts el ejeiei=ieke cicln clsueielsreaisierers fotets ADAM Gor neneneyeds iets tie tencaraeliotenat kekereleisv eke iguacdod N. Y. 

PANUSESD GO leave dupiNe) lepersietey snteleneis tellers dolete /apeelster sustetens seis iste ASavCinguGoononacnonoaaodoosdaddacan Is sot a Wash. 
Dictyla monotropidia(Stal) (Tingidae) : 

Onchild MewrerikvehekoneredeifelekehehenoteustatonelstickelenevanterclisucuetevieNepeneccrovehersnens rev ecooguphinddtpaoovogdondawodad Qeioheneset sts Tex. 

Aan ds dagsS Diver neiveleieneisielekel ieaeeeiefentenerevened nek enerelsvenel<tensiecenetene miede) LO jatatevencc-Gauehchenchonenetoneneneieietensnanene tepar rie Pai os at Tex. 
Diocalandra taitensis(Guer.) (Curulionidae): 

BAL LAL Shr teltevelodey-heleleieteheteh-olsUnvereleeustouekatehoheLede(efelelefaieloloteiefavelle fate Ha Wa Tijor oncrehateelctelsionenenenetelenstshericiepctevaiss Mo gcoono Hawaii 

Cocossnucifera CCOCONUL)icerckelslononcheteisisisietsusre delle teustersfeteheneraners GuameGHawaddiincrsstmietsnetecsertevensbeveratasictsteie PAA GOO DO Hawaii ,Wash. 
Dryocoetes autographus(Ratz.) (Scolytidae) : 

PVE GooGs a oueccoacoorocesune 
Dysdercus rusticus Stal (Pyrrhocoridae 

Gopaiferamhemitomoph yA diaiwereterieiehapeuctetedereneieierevetensicisisheletershst » 
Dyspessa ulula(Bkh.) (Cossidae) : 

AAumEs ativan (garlic) revaerteteteracusicieterersrsteleleisirceitieistetsts sie Pi Nizmu iat 


Epicaerus fallax Boh. (Curculionidae) : 


Chamaedoreags pinrreieccrehetanekMeteielefalshetotenatetehatetensicce si svaned-ic(elerstalske NEVeteggachoopooioos conanosUBNooeS one uc Tex. 
Epichorista ionephala Meyr. (Tortricidae) : 

Ornithogalum thyrsoides(chinkerichee).................- Union ofmSoutchyALricanye.. suerte Divekehereyere New Yi 
Epilachna paenulata(Germ.) (Coccinellidae) : 

Musa paradisiaca sapientum(banana).....................4 INAMEN SIS Oo Gogo nO Us Oso OeUdUObGED MO OOD OeS Tex. 
Epilachna philippinensis Dieke(Coccinellidae) : 

Clothiin gfpeeteeencneutelevolenoet-patsesvodspehoncropeciatersiienoAedetarciotenalstsialsfor stole GUM aera erekenstosebeishenanelerWerevecerecetatewce lenHdooo Hawaii 
Ereunetis flavistriata Wlsm. (Tineidae): 

AnanasscomosusS (pineapple) nisi taichetcpekein er suetersicter ated ste cuetav ete taeerns Hawa iin ertenrciendennchensisvenevensiekeneveneke sic Weteveuerenete Hawaii 

Cocosanucitera (COCONUT) ie cis) cvareterclslicicrele cit chebalerel cyeleictene spel erate Pe tdO hint ebeiclaaalae ale nela hele RB alee CM einidanee Hawaii 

heucszenawelaucalcrrcasetsuci deksuletescisneteustedetershehshovsnetoh si eteusisKneicre ssw KectOogosbobogoooddcabHougecs DoaeS Dh dunia.6 oa Hawaii 
Eriophyes canestrinii(Nal.) (Eriophyidae) : 

BuxusEsempervArens (DOX)eyyeyerse te oveeklovekecehehereietenckeleoestodeterenclcte te Netherlands )icncter casas creversteisvete age eae aon New Ji 
Euetheola bidentata(Burm.) (Scarabaeidae) : 

Ananasgicomosus (pineapple) ieyaracirenesoteloietenstetetetoherelieteienstetetershe rake Bahamaserrtennnerereicre theirs iter Ae oT oe Tex. 
Eulia auraria Clarke(Tortricidae) : 

Prunusiidomesti'calGp lum) jcpeyeyeiepeecie seeks cevehe ta ey stele ierelca)sivanevspeueteie CHD Ve cieascalccete tone pes vaio a cuansice Leearyotssirs raed ie OG aa a N. Y. 
Euscepes. postfasciatus(Fairm.) (Curculionidae) : 

Lpomoea batatas (sweet potato) ies. c siere eyeis(eieie cles elefe oie) siehers British Guiana,Grenada,........... Cio dood Calitoxs Nie ys 

Hawaii ,Montserrat. St. Croix 

Evergestis forficalis(L.) (Pyraustidae) : 

Brassica oleracea botrytis(cauliflower)................ Belgium en gillan diyvereqertatersteist veins tsdenss CNIS ORS Tex. ,Va. 

Brassica olleracea capitata(cabbage).................cs205 England ,Netherlands............... todd coo Pa. ,Tex. 
Farinococcus guatemalensis Ferris(Coccidae) : 

ORB coaapoooodsaoUUKoooddoG0 DDOUeOHNOanUUGOOoadKonob MEx:t COlpcepeperetoncrenetelesialeteycdetetstetstajlislielsis Vedgensce N. J. 
Frankliniella cestrum Mlt. (Thripidae) : : 

Adesmilags Drie oenbekeeteiotorisicisiokeieieneicicncl-letereledeket-ucieiere corene ee (Hb Ao odoodomaUBOOo OU coonboaoUG OU Aboacomand Dance 
Frankliniella formosae Mlt. (Thripidae): 

Buddlevats Derwreiieicpttercrsiense-penenelclayetstens (ereneteranalay-f-t-astenegee Ne CEM 0.0 O000:0.00- 00000 G00 OFCCO MOTHS Megacd.09 Hawaii 

ChrysanthemumGs Dey ret-velstekeielelerscctaterevcvorebenekeys (olelonepelishareialeievener siete suoGcsancbobomNsUoomadauoo oe ooo BS ocho s Hawaii 

Dahiaws pepecwrcei re heletesucicrerocecchesstoked eketierreiraten severe tereretet telomeres pio OSHS oo Sica Gd Sic AO CHORE cib nS Peo GIG c.rs Aaa mind Hawaii 

Dilanthusespma(carnatd om) hemacteyslcnes hele iscnedeccrctey aon ctatetemeretet isn: noct@nis con GooomddiaoH nad Coc oonrddG ie ol abied Hawaii 

GU AAVOLUSES Deecreyeee che wee ie one sarc Dea Re ete N oh foie eles Tec Nole tekekoee senetetevage oc.pCOcH66.o5 Souham de Oat COs eaOoOoDe Boks tity ts ceo Hawaii 

Lilium japonicum album(white Japanese lily)............ Bi. d@ Ola po REO OOo HIDE EEE ere Clone trees OneEn cgepsreRchs Hawaii 

Tb BI acd gpooeoooadadeGKoUS DDO UG oOOUNGONDOOUODODOAMOD sootiaouncaocno cua o Uti mde totes oe CH ciguck oot Hawaii 

ROSAS Dietenien Reet hek-AefoeeledchsiebelepeletepalsicheNen-eleVeneketarsteyolsictchehelebefieresede peel COM WPsafet ste lolcictinadatolstai=asisenehereichenel tere Ino dance Hawaii 


*State inspection 


=) 9065 — 


Pest and host Country of origin Number of Collected in 
interceptions 


Frankliniella intonsa(Tryb.) (Thripidae) : 


ERS ob pe GodaneaG opcuuLnddHdoppeddoapooodpocounDOSobeNS Germany, (C2) eragepeisieteleheveveveloretsvolotstelevete vole NeGooobD Niwye 
Cabllunamvulgaris (heather) iiiesreiete claraleletcieleletelsteleter esetelelele lapels Germany, SCOtT and ayepersretovelales eretereterenere Qiaverstenerete Mass. ,N. Y. 
CY CUAMETIES Dye iare miedo cls cle avello relates ese) evone\ elohartelfers,'srellejiage (slelefapaleleielst=eere MjCallyimetetatepsvereiotsteveheletotstavereist-retefapetotiets Ne qaracs Ney. 
Dahlia sp Ne ther-Lan dS ieverete;avejereharsieretsfevsteferetens tens icfeenens tare igs hia 
Gentian ats arsietsnstelorate sisheleler-vererehereionereishenaqehasevopeVele?ereaeterey leioiets SWLUEZET Aan srtercy-yersteretetsveieieveratevarcheterers eA DUS Ne OY 
Lathyrus odoratus(sweetpea) 
PotentilVlals py iversievorsjercis slelelessie sisyere's eisieleleisielvieiaie/ersie GOrmMaM Yjererchetetolefatchetolel cvalerereicfovene tatetefelels oc odno N. J. 
ROSAS Dive levers aileie,o ciel valieisfeveler slicsahe isfeitstels efeliniele!=Jeivjmiielerst=te¥s Boodoo mya tel AO fafa totelanntetotovelslaheverat=\ sl eietelelereveveueneiiens lscudn.dS Ill. 
Frankliniella schultzei(Tryb.) (Thripidae) : 
Dianthus sp nC carnarts OM) his) svsis rote everaveresenous ieleteletereretepevenehshereisttsrers SouthpAmerd'cateygeevcpercters chessveversveriaieeene are ik pia Re 
Ornithogalum thyrsoides(chinkerichee)................... Union of South Africa............. Ce Gane Ni diy, Nepaxis 
Frankliniella sulphurae Schmutz(Thripidae) : 
Mesembryanthemum roSeum..........eeeeese errr ee etter enee SEMEBEE doccocsasoganouGuUpoUEDooAD egnonod Hawaii 
Philadel phusis pr. (mock Orange) se iereilc cle oles lars sivletaievete re leletetersleve eiavel AO elas te(etetevefalerefenelesereteFenens ies fereteverolete leosooos Hawaii 
Furcaspis oceanica Ldgr.(Coccidae) : 
Cocossnucitera (coconut) )cy« stereie:stetsiere tala GeierolelsVerapaler ashe oisvereneieaer Kwa] aed niocrarercjeratstelsiais/sysyescvereyst oyajetonels op odes Hawaii 
Galgupha quadrisignata Stal(Pentatomidae) : 
OT CHUA eetetetapererehereterecssavevereteveve ove lave vehaiepeteissntagaretnysteVelepoholatetetasane's Biers uleaecoondend opbonooonMoUcaanE Ibs ob BRAS Tex. 
Gnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guen.) (Pyraustidae) : 
AL TD LAN Chetors slolcieleietsrevelevcleistricnctetelereieteteiestatel el steieveteuctotet-Usistel-tatate ThALTAN  Wiavreyefarssalatesslolsveieoleleieterets tebe ielste als ateod Hawaii 
Gnorimoschema ocellatella(Boyd) (Gelechiidae) : 
Betapvul pards Cheek) ishsteparsieieietersstebenenctene ch ctecenereCorener=tatetalegenanereters ELYDE, FEaANCes S Paw cretercieveiei-: aver esate revere Sitveyavens Pa. ,Tex. 
Gortyna flavago(Schiff.) (Noctuidae) : 
Cynarayscolymus((globe: artichoke) a0 6.0) cic .siejnla (ore in lode efels \alel S PALI he yetelevesesesclale sal spaleNctoieleteveferetelsiecetsle ielewevexeseve Pa. 
Haplothrips aculeatus(F.) (Phlaeothripidae) : 
HAtSTAc | ADONLC Ar ccsvete ate cre eteserafececetinefelevatererete sieve /eievstersieisiedetateters! TAPAS aioe veilovers tole lolelotelepetetstolevelerslsiiclerste Li yetrerevenais Calif.* 
Rhododendron catawbiensSe ysis ee sieinie|ayeqsreleiedelerelieretelte,lesslierehey=)sue7s Netheran dsSijavazsteretetehereterevereieleitevettciel esas enone tayerane N. J. 
Syringacvul'gards Ca Vac) cin ersyorerorerstsisieielciaileteleleraferetareyaiataveleveravats feze\O jarataloveret syallecetakaleparerster svetelepateterev-Vetets yatenePaRopere N. J. 
Haplothrips cottei(Vuillet) (Phlaeothripidae): | 
Dianthus spl (carnatrOn) ie cislepete sceberslele egce-teue)sfenetelerapalavaieletenetetess France),Greece),MexXiCO ij ce: lsieieis «Vere s 6 AP faratatatats Califoz Lis 
Portugal. Mass. ,N. Y. 
Soil with carnation,cabbage,and lettuce plants.......... Por bupalieeieccksrcrorciersterseeverarerstecererereiene saweverayate Mass. 
Heilipus lauri Boh. (Curculionidae) : 
Perseasameri cana CAVOCACO) lareteve scare ifsitetairaliat a aiiapavatavatesalavotefelsit state MEX COlsisrclefetelevelsvatelerenclevsieleieLausiaietsstedsie eerexetetatese Tex. 
Heilipus ocellatus(Oliv.) (Curculionidae) : 
Packin pRoLeorchide pl amtsieretqcevecestersicyencieteresstalelteteteneteratanateteretace BRYA ZN rarer atial ser ets yah abagevere severe evs tetsle/cheleys Devore retersns Fla. 
Heraeus guttatus(Dallas) (Lygaeidae) : 
OT CHT Gir oveyevate aver a) sarelalesasaieveve (aie tencds fovetaiies suaieveteTercValisielatelaysherevetetersrs British) Hon auras ceneieps: stavele/etate te jsretepers i sevetavatavers Tex. 
Heterobostrychus brunneus (Murray) (Bostrichidae) : 
Drum=-made)\of wood and animal@SKin 52). i). icc aiciee ole vince Union of SouthyAtrd Gace: <iletelelelererer Soom Fla. * 
Hylurgops palliatus(Gyll.) (Scolytidae) : 
Pinus SP ACDLME)lorepecercvas evoke laneceletete chen isu sesteasnacecavesegalalatayatenetstnlatapets SWEGEM reeteaceteccesintelenstar sere les-teneisininenets D He Ala. 
Hyperparachma rhodalis Hamp. (Chrysaugidae) : 
OD CDE ercporerotapayetens ore osslercvessiehereraresetede cial slcteteietavefetulefesehatevenassjevavalati MOZU COM siecieropereieselelalaici stele ’s}ohcheXefelensiete ieyerararvere Tex. 
Hypocala deflorata(F.) (Noctuidae) : 
Airplane iyersyerceaperercteceateneteietaper-beberebolararetsterevareueleRenerecaetctetatatatet af -Pats JAPAN. oot cioisie vices os wee civ eee ses ele tee Mo Gorman Hawaii 
Ischnodemus diplopterus(Dist.) (Lygaeidae) : 
Prunus#armeniaca (APLACO‘)irotesciseysystavatecerensts/atel=le/e}stal-letel a} elerers) UnionsofsSoutheAtrd Carstcyciers:creisisisteiste ee varayisistste Nema Yin 
Kalotermes immigrans Snyder (Kalotermitidae) : 
Cocosmnuci tera CCOCONUT) picreitateselereictoteneuere eteraiaonete tahatebeyatetasateters Hawaiis...... eictetorstacsterejel-televeretercverasa Lye rovererers Hawaii 
Lampides boeticus(L.) (Lycaenidae) : 
Canavaliliatmicrocarpalaperrajasararetocsterelslaeia craiehstava cletercretals) sv atebe/ ater eiaVolO efefaharstellealsiotcyetetel sicisielece slerelevsieierste Ue Goddo0 Hawaii 
Canavalwags papers rere are cise iecetetelane eiavenete eicie ale selateheisvaremenersnepensts evshet CO istoravayste tes leis aye latscoteteretoteratacstersiats ASAD OG Calif.*,Ha- 
wali 
Phaseolus vulgaris var.(string bean)................-05. J ADAM mer cvarscat ston chetarenasosereccvarcveretereneietenenene Deve resis Wash. 
Pisum sativum (pea) eve cyieveierass tte laters acs miaeveveraveteyshalerctere syererererette Mai AO se fapefatahatercuevatntcvat sictaveharaParerarovereyctsrsts iiaoaooce Wash 
Laspeyresia fabivora Meyrick (Olethreutidae) : 
Phaseolus; vulgaris: var. (String beam) ia ole crecele 4) serena fareheret ate ECUS GOL eh ssetyeran svete arsicccieioteressvcteherereuctaven Le ears Ala. 
Leperisinus fraxini(Panz.) (Scolytidae) : 
BALK aeretelsvutapetsccgulersis, sis isiejaavererclaielahase ctetelecenciedsister sis Saleveveverevnierels(s Bell plum ayerererekerer ce cheteneve cyeveretersperers) stereket's aietevenecats Sem Cre 
Leucaspis pusilla Loew(Coccidae 
Pinus jsp.(2Z-leavedi pine) eee cicinie satel ce leivieveiele ie euelersisve elereketcieners VU SOS Lav ace siaveieteleistavereleleretenetotversfenene a Leh etme Mass 
Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. (Pyraustidae) : 
Solanum, melongena (egepl ant). ste). mielaie -t-sstavs spaleletalelsteie sls aavereto me NA OL AN ravctevorstatalcietellatavevevenanetepetst sistesenene vara ayerete Ala, 
Lilioceris 1ilii(Scop.) (Chrysomelidae) : 
TL amys pi CUD y) Me cos epepayatetarscorstovalaverey eyoresebevexajelearel oadetavasavetsvaterare Uballiypareteiercte tole clever erate a futotalexeperenercretete Le itayeveneve WG 2% 
Livia juncorum Latr. (Psyllidae): 
Callunafvulgaris (hea ther)iie jie ccsesteretesertvels cvelasetelateyatehetetehetatts ScOtLand iis cis cislejaretetetareseveratatehevstatetclers Ue oodad Mass. 
Lygaeus guatemalanus Dist. (Lygaeidae) : 
CattleyasspConchid) tice apsticteisherettotevelcietetenssateiclelenciererenerersvretsts Venezue ll aires sicicictesvetciesesaterotenoverersrenete erevavetee N. J. 
Macroplax fasciata(Hsiao & Sailer) (Lygaeidae) : 
AVOPECCULUSES Distotersteletsjetttovenabetat=tepetorets Toaster 
Macropygium reticulare(F.) (Pentatomidae) : 
OR CHL GWT T= stale lakers, evove lavavescveteve sisiarsrednte se ororelstslatelatakeretetererenenshetare 
Mamestra brassicae(L.) (Noctuidae) : 
Brassica, oleracea’ capitata(cabbage)e-c:« «ci cteretererepeterete ters ete 
Mecolaemus carvalhoi(Costa Lima) (?) (Miridae) : 
OT CHT Gereferste terete cereerivtevevaterssatelateleversfote ototede ferehee svete lalate reneheveterstereters PANAMA» 6/0 as late resya:s oiere 10) vie coie(e.e'e\slaeveiele iScsonon Fla. 


Megacerus alternatus Bridw. (Bruchidae) : 


Operculina tuberosa(wood-roSe) ........3.2scccccccees seve Hawa dhe. tierays etorenctets ccevoteyeter orem etevarets Desi eerecee Hawaii 
Megastigmus pinuspinus Parf.(Torymidae) : 

ADLESEDLOCET al ire sielaiabe sitjaie ctataccsadet eda tetetercestoneleie eve lersasdstetetereheleiers SCOCLANG irc exeajeveteleleteteietste akeheletetel atelier eo douau N. J. 
Megastigmus rafni Hoffmeyer(Torymidae) : 

AbLlesnconcoloriGwhi Cemtir)ietareivetevel-velesecstetstah vee reNereroveretetotstetecate Be LM eA me rc verctetetet<teleisiehere/o¥evaratehetelslolapeleps esp dosa Navid 


*State inspection 


- 907 - 


Pest and host 


Ce 


Metopoplax ditomoides (Costa) (Lygaeidae) : 

Excetslorgspackinerrrt-repel-feleieibehelelchenelehetekeletelelereneistesctelerciexene ts 
Metriona crucipennis(Boh.) (Chrysomelidae) : 

Chamaedorea pumila(palm) 

Dall mi rpepetevete (atelel-Retexscevenckstatcnekcfekelepi-t-aeasdeistelsyeketaietateteh=;sleleievexayar=) <fais 
Micrapate mexicana Fisher(Bostrichidae) : 

Calamus((?) Speier iecerctebeleveusveds!eisuemelemelcken eM cusister sionals tists. slate 
Micrelus ericae Gyll. (Curculionidae) : 

Calluna vulgaris(heather) 
Molorchus minor(L.) (Cerambycidae) : 

WOOd con UECKOUSK irr tepetatenetaterise sisted -Uekad-Mellaliel siekalieVesisVstepeVege\aheiaiai= 


[eG MEN, oda danaodacod.qoDobdbapgnanDoGoUnhUpOUon dua 
Myelois ceratoniae(Zell.) (Phycitidae) : 

Citrus sinensis (orange) 

Punica granatum(pomegranate) 

Tamarindus indica(tamarind) 
Nasutitermes nigriceps(Hald.) (Termitidae) : 

WOOdenmpackingucaSentervprctMelertelerheletsyernrey a svelelelerereuap avec). tsvave 
Naupactus xanthographus (Germ. ) (Curculionidae) : 

Vitis sp. (grape) 
Neoleucon rubrotylus Carvalho(Miridae) : 

PhisVOdendrones Devpaletelcysisietellat-voysteverededchellspoxaserepehecetenavalshsteselsrsts a 
Nephotettix apicalis(Motsch.) (Cicadellidae) : 

LAME eo napsddansooobegobU bone cdoebopeney Obonodomas ts 
Neuroctenus litigiosus Stal(Aradidae) : 

Onch:iGeaarerepeneheteraleiedeteletoterskelotelcketeneiers iekelchoveheseyeh of slete obese raicystie toot 
Neuroterus numismalis(Fourc.) (Cynipidae) : 

Quercus sp. (oak) 
Neuroterus quercus—baccarum(L.) (Cynipidae) : 

Quercus sp. (oak) 
Nysius coenosulus Stal(Lygaeidae 

Airy Tan Crevatareenrchortet te icksyaledkelevshclenersick-veneredctaveCsresefatselicve teneye 7s 

Vanda sp. (orchid) 
Nysius terrestris Usinger(Lygaeidae) : 

FADED Van Clwerereecetcpaketstishetcl-teietafetstehsketsl aol sietetsholoKoyavedalelelateneiel anevereue 
Odontotermes wallonensis(Wasm.) (Termitidae) ; 

Dabldtats prvrwev-feiereistcistere wet calstavevel-vetsiotetalsietessVeynvcvarevevaranssererniecel Ave 


GEwGh sododenoongnadapoosoooHononn opoooonUOoRaE UO Od 
Onchidey ee rcateteeetlet keh selcddey-tenetNoneietcNershonedenedavaus Veter st cucteleiahsie 


ORG onoadoussonoogguuoomodObpbUDRpoaoodeD GoD GaGonaonS 
Olethreutes leucotreta(Meyr.) (Olethreutidae) : 

Citrus paradisi(grapefruit) 

Citrus sinensis (orange) 


Oligonychus perditus P.&B. (Tetranychidae) : 

Juniperus sp. (juniper) 
Opogona purpuriella Sw. (Lyonetiidae) : 

FLOWELSRyweaetet heheh -betalai-a- eroded Vepsbotoreraiel-Nelctisteicte tela: a¥evetspevetat= ta¥s ios nere 
Orchidophilus peregrinator Buch. (Curculionidae) : 

PLUMETTAES Detter ret orerctepctcnet ace eetadanebetehokerchatcteleietelateislcvele testes 
Orsillus depressus(Muls.& Rey) (Lygaeidae) : 

Cupressus sp. (cypress) 
Oxycarenus bicolor Fieber(Lygaeidae) : 

Cymbidium sp. (orchid) 

Gossypium sp. (cottonseed) 
Oxydema fusiforme Woll. (Curculionidae) : 

CVo than gepoewrererey bl leretederetetstanetetsheliclalchev otal aieal ch stel sve rsyetatalvehclsatsi 

VOW SL Siietshel tc Vetavehchedat Vel svellciiat ol cveteVoteliet eye fob eNelerelieley evsieis(e)slerstere levels 


Wrappin gapAaDerepyaywicpereicvepelteastereetsdenctekelateh ete edskerehecetereversiana cscs 
Pachybrachius neitneri (Dohrn) (Lygaeidae) : 

hans dum A OMeS LUC Aalporrelelnaicletsioierstatsianetaretepeneversvayetsdstey ests seite (eels 
Paragonatas divergens(Dist.) (Lygaeidae) : 

EFM Dod od cn esio nom nono.6 OO ODE DOT O OO Dory 

Capsicum frutescens longum(chili pepper) 
Pealius hibisci(Kot.) (Aleyrodidae) : 

Gardenia augusta( gardenia) 
Pectinophora scutigera(Holdaway) (Gelechiidae) : 

Gossypium sp. (cotton;boll) 
Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirk. (Delphacidae) : 

ALT DT AN el net eetey cba tat Cr renee petene tare ere ret che eolebe ele ay cuelsdeveceueieieuspeseusic’ 
Perkinsiella vitiensis Kirk. (Delphacidae) : 

ALC Dan Seep perenne latcwereie wenn heieherak cnet elenae obedsoste ce saiavecaleye atcvaretls peceroyses 
Phelypera distigma Boh. (Curculionidae) : 

Brome liadgandsorchi dap lan cs regedeleveleicielavepaneicy-fateleletencionsielerekers 

CHAIE sdedocpobogooonDOOdUnoOodO GOO nDDOeEroOOGUoaooOONS 
Philaspis bivulnerata(Boh.) (Chrysomelidae) : 

Sellagine Dlags prrercrrrrei reir reryeirieretecrieteicreNetererenelsisiciatet 
Phlyctinus callosus Boh. (Curculionidae) : 

Vitis sp. (grape) 
Physonota attenuata Boh. (Chrysomelidae) : 

ALL D LAN Cheaerdetaeteneietraeteterletarsrrtiteieicketeketeteicieleloielorelsveretsisrere ii 


Number of 
interceptions 


Country of origin Collected in 


SpadncreewpareneherersiciepeleNetetscerneveratencasrererets eishevera\al’s Mass 
Mexd Comer teretepetelcterereieheveielionernieneterevel aia LT isichetats Ness 
aClincoecodnpodononadcnodecoupaboe iG ddtooo 6 Tex 
MEXi' CORR FavenhoroteRenetereteyerapalieheviorevevarsucrere ie at enero sdieje Fla. 
Scotland yercperteletyavetedeeetsdekerelaterescnsue gba onal Ill. ,Mass. 
Swit zerLan Qiyerrepacieiieroneyoneieishelclevearenetens Se haade Pa 
MOXL CO shonsfenchetetvel chetehetatoteNolel sHerchctsicheleleke te sDyetfesrebevertehe! Tex 
MOTOCCOlepeyerensesretaysnelcvencneteialeleieiedeialeastens Aga maid Pa. 
GreecePltaliyjaci-beisitorrieleteiscleletsyecctds Pareioe eae N. Y 
British WestmInadlSSipisiere <leleiersieleiele ie We edauus PigR: 
Nicaraguan pveteisteeleps iletelaisteRetereteterst sls ha motes La 
Chitlieeraterreuetoter: lereiedstetereialevenehessisieleteye UE Gado to NywYi 
MEXT COR ier LeqeieveloteVetetehelolsioieistelere ts \steieta ie aA oraoo Tex 
Philippines ,West Pacific.......... Ais cheltesen sus Hawaii 
Grate SaagauiobaboobounccadaDbuCoUG iL vniyaaS Tex 
En olan Gene ep svete tev evevatovehenensicnctoicheleveleresere He etedscetetate Mich 
Walesiiesa[-sat-retoictel okekekeh Febekelolel efoto ole ieKeseve Die fepakarenats Pa 
Hawa die irrcifecodeteNetsqelatanetanstoloiayeianetsyedatayst= alsingouad Hawaii 
Clic ouoosoodooOOoDUDUOa OU UOOCD Besoocns Hawaii 
Hawa tciviten sratatepapesetes hefaKokeloketeheelsierel sisi orale Oat aagan Hawaii 
End Daviesnepsieiat-dayshenetodehoysie¥eylenetahel slievsisie)sis).6 heron aD. N. J 
sks aga acmancy ood oo OOU HONDO DDS le wad eee Ariz 
LOsyenadshayetelonsvoltlanedoPevefolehehersnels isis; shares Dicvetelaragays Tex 
sClolemo oaaanocndnoonadeoudosdadoun lanes ooo Tex 
Union of South Africa............. lo Strd-add Tex. 
Mozambique ,Union of............... oid oon Md. ,Mass., 
South Africa Pa 
POXRMOS Baperetateietel leleretelatetohehenevalstelere) oyevare Noodgacd Wash 
AWAD ator at eho telahelahavetafonshcpe{orekeraversloheisteh tie dieveledetersits Hawaii 
Hawaisi seicceaetertletaicyapetereteactetehaveyeveterehoice Moo opcos Hawaii 
IbEING So Go aupooonoongD RO ooOOooUs Una Wevsheheve} sie Deac 
Aus tralia tr reaterccerela-toietelsisistevele\ cise) eichs UseDeodn Hawaii 
(PENN soopondodunooooboDoecneeesao Ls beodss D. C. 
RAWAL Tio pet eustepepetetohate/cichersdoxeretouekel sl sserel sie i ekevetelie ress Hawaii 
Cobo od Rep See Rb oan GoD OS hOuOaaS 2 eeeeeienedaye Hawaii 
(Moo odoonotromacKospoDDSaouoboedo Aaepemedetctoe Hawaii 
Cb ovacoponoodoDon oH BODO OODOGOo rpeuoteney sir Hawaii 
Phils ppinesjparc rss itenckeveCesvers acne iss Laieaevers toils Hawaii 
MEX COlm-teUauetenevayshepeiiellel oveliekeycysteferelehehelelon« A jiokelletedeis Tex 
CO ieustenenvenorsreneterneierenshernsaetepsveretenctcls rovenevenctete Tex 
Haw acini en tegepetenyeveneienenspe coven chavepercrever etevenets oS emo mae Hawaii 
BAO eeeerepepePeWalied steeoiel snelsichiey shcnshelaieraretayey Lveteiepatea® Hawaii 
Hawaii ,Midway Islands(?).......... 2 chanel shavers Hawaii 
VANS scpepaticteren ne nevatevstatesttc tehelsheyatcsederenetovep its MM ailoee Hawaii 
Mex CO gpetergcteraievapaversteieafeiayeneisseterererstars alo mio ODO Ariz 
Cana ZOn © igeteteiete s ateleloloreveyoverateketnvelekat« Mo aaeans Fla 
MOXA COM a agstateieveierecatarete le felaysic leis elatste oats De vevetatofehe Tex 
Union of South Africa............. Micacaad N. Y 
MOXA C Older atatagap adele evatera alicrabelishetels\sheiotahafsze se vevateseyia re Tex 


- 908 - 


Pest and host Country of origin Number of Collected in 
interceptions 


a ee 


Physonota citrinella Boh. (Chrysomelidae) : 


Orchid deere pecs ry artereterekeieaenehstezetcvetejedeueneuetelioneke laveneisterststeteceletsy = MEXR COntrencg tenevekeveionofaichsleNedeueladaaevenelshelele A aides ies 9 Tex. 
Physonota picticollis Boh. (Chrysomelidae) : 

(obaCanB Ys ly Wiho crpinsh cio opto loti tise Amit Cee DD ClO RiCA DIN nD tra Gao Dey OBIE Re ERED stroCs casodadclucamas anaes. Mocnbe Theda ceo Ariz. 
Phytomyza rufipes Mg. (Agromyzidae) : 
Brassica oleracea botrytis(cauliflower)................. Denmark ,England,Germany,......... ri oper mene st Ala. ,Mass., 
Netherlands ,Norway Pa. ,Tex. 
Brassica oleracea capitata(cabbage)..........-.-+e--+0- Belgium,England,Germany,......... LOletehoxey ets Past, S.C pw Lexa 
Ireland ,Italy ,Norway 
BrassicaprapalGturn tp) sciyerdeqey cpeueyeeeieietetageasterehetaleteielet te iauedel ones GORMAN yeni te eae reneee leneterensiobene EL csonsnenivete Tex. 
Gichori umpendi via (COnGi ve) icine cetensGe oielcieveuere lore) hole temeletedepeteafene Be Wei win rege setae ede le jercieioacyay vets weierenets A eter seweae La.,N. Y.,Pa. 
Pieris brassicae(L.) (Pieridae) : 

BAEC LA LS iene chacot se eleyeilelteleliel olatenodersieJupels teisieties ngetaie ve teveh elueysiimgaiienias sjietacebss GOXMADYere rere srenrtenel neveieyciats auchekeheneletentite iby oa ta 6 Pa. 
Pinnaspis uniloba(Kuw.) (Coccidae) : 

Camelsaws payers sens ctere ci steceterebecciciercrcceh ed MelstieetonulenereneYe ne caele tens b ete JADAL Mone Lr msniertecten Ree ctehenetess er eten ans ee eafee pes Calif.* 
Plagiodera congesta Stal(Chrysomelidae) : 

OCHA Grae ate tet eke) chet clic fe leveieuciele .eferefovarshetel ss slenen svete shetiaters\ayeiensiayetenel sus MOXi COmmespecenenenenchay ete! eioaeastaerobsalisce telelisiisits ALG Bais 8 OS Tex. 
Plagiodera semivittata Stal(Chrysomelidae) : 

OLCHUAS sree reeds dacets lev snersveronsrecenstalop clichohelereTovelevey<faiaietonetteuefel eles oat OassmonnnodonacdmdcuboraanaHnS Serres Tex. 
Plagiodera thymaloides Stal(Chrysomelidae) : 

Brome dia diye saveveecharsieketare enor loketesel sped enone. cherekatepacetel dellechegei-Entie ve ei=|AO/stavsxeneelehe epatalepeyeteietaletsna atsrepatetey eters ee reepstereie) Tex. 

OrChiadepiimncce siti sehie rede revoverehetsiedore eleletetel Ven slednaitor afacetatadeiansteeNeKenste spage\dOfcevahereictl bette gone elepedens(evauehake rt etal rier nists leitiol or a Tex. 
Platythrips tunicatus(Hal.) (Thripidae) : 

Caltlunapnvil ards (heather) ircsedeisheststene: «csvereravetedeLiieiecctcte cease onssas Scotian der awerrtscescsacteenchstelevenal levers Leesterehece gf bili 
Plautia fimbriata(F.) (Pentatomidae) : 

Chrysanthemum [sphinerc caietereres + atedeleieneyessuc-clegs-efecelsyeleusiavelegers eget sheds AUS tr AUDA ilelacsers salsysbenetstener epelejeneia ai nzete Me cerca. Hawaii 

/ plusia chalcites (Esp. ) (?) (Phalaenidae) : 

Cordy line) terminal i S(Ci) i. Me eicietsiarete esate cc/ tiers ie ishsis| sistagavatedaMereters AWA cypeictetecnteatn terete tereterelclerep isverece Lepeqe terete Hawaii 

Vandaaspe (OLrCh iG) ruse euricest seen tueh shee ne eeraberetenersiei tiene tetoyekexeEsiets Grats urs Sia ie GS On pibicor Sater Aricent Hawaii 
Polychrosis botrana(Schiff.) (?) (Olethreutidae) : 

VAlLtIses Dal ELADE iisiercushelstene ction cia al ntariereneneusneun puctenererenenesetecenetene gb fobs YoX true cn iaheae cholic Eecioasaio waren. 6 ae iD tesepee sere Pa. 
Polytus mellerborgii (Boh. ) (Curculionidae) : 

Musa paradisiaca sapientum(banana) oi. nie ie os stelehevejerelere ais els HON AULA resensiy voteterevevigete tlelel tuenetovedsntve Bhs aa drasn Neandis 
Praeblissus albofasciatus Barber(Lygaeidae) : 

OR CHU Aa terrae tevehsuceeiahorevcueraretsrane: custavehererauer ene taiohe ws ostslekenetacelialoliete/ ola MOT COma teeta tofatevetelefer encteectenepausrenedecstsiiel ois DE oe tateharn Tex. 
Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green) (Coccidae) : 

ROSABSD CLOSE) eaters arekereneret erases such otesepenadey ete tehatevenctetetetanetensbacad statis Sites Martine acy tercvers terete nach ersten serene Let reesteicds St. Thomas and 

St. John 

SALA CHAS Deteveveierctey statetctaned ete ievaceseyell ekaverezavakenicier vel shi tahe tevavatanessRqhetaieusye PLAIN TAA peterencutocceacenever Voie lenny hafoierey she Iliad mde Fla. 

Theopromae cacao (CACAO) munca cies eceads tte invepetn stare ee teneerenedey hetens Netherilands# Guiana ericteyeekecercterere eters) Deca cushsyete Newol 
Pseudischnaspis alienus(Newst.) (Coccidae) : 
CattileyaespmaCOnch id) puncwn ene deserter testers tenetsiate teh taaanelteteas Brijtishs Honduras, COSitanypsverrereteasne e Re OOD Hawaii ,Tex. 
Rica = 
ae dias ps Corchi'd)Wyicet.,iatenanccshiscers fore vehensie enshelaredepateratatersielevsieistsys MERSiCfoya 4 coo.co ad one oo Ome bog aeeioe Tex. 
Pseudischnaspis longissima(Ckll.) (Coccidae) : 

Citrustaurantiftolia (SOUrsLEMe) vee ei ctaneietene sieteeasterees chore rercishene ETO Are net rater ealetetencaticietecteveiaterenstenaas eeu rrenste Calitf.* 
Pseudococcus halli(Ezzai & McConnell) (Coccidae) : 

Lansium domesticum(lansone) .....-. 2... cccsseccccsccccoers Philippines ny sarcra se cisie clay aiec te eepeueyataes litecanie totes Wash. 
Pseudococcus matsumotoi Shiraiwa(Coccidae) : 

PLUMUSPE SD eetoiicrelojerore! ete e levenetsneietniacrahalienwelere? shetieitst=retevepenstetiaiella fees a ADA evetemegessdetecaten ster e] epegedersy: ysgol eaetetnisded = erence a Niu yds 
Pseudococcus palmarum(Ehrh.) (Coccidae) : 

Cocosunucl fer aCCOCONUE)) ietirs chests atsuareiie! «le eveneyaveyetaleiielecelel siete viet HA WALD Taner rer creh tee ole y-Lensdanercneveneneas ts a hes aioe ion Calif.* 
Pseudococcus saipanensis Shiraiwa(Coccidae) : 

Cocos) nucifera (COCONUT)! valars a tetetag st anel stetinisetiar «eratelele cr =/e onetiucs rays PHAM pin SS\aageretelienalareverenolateneteleticeedenipets Al eas Sick Pa. 
Psylliodes chrysocephala L. (Chrysomelidae) : 

Brassicamrapa Garni pb sparse <tecetcieriers) steve ettehekehoneteleliegeliel of --hsUeketens VC aL ye iponaya tet svarssstetspe, eis .csrsieve/sJejauetate teteks Shea Pa. 
Pulvinaria aurantii Ckll. (Coccidae) : 

GIGEPUSHS Diets tel tel ioieiadVeladsveishe ce oer erene ate datalohederel enol opetesaganelaiielertverePeve RIAD ADE steep sist evaterokersral sv cversickonerel nekerelsteNt- eer ckenaieae DiC 
Puto ulter Ferris(Coccidae) : 

LaAgliarsuperDLensi(Orch id) ireucetperete iene mis stot eroveanspeter sie eteretails celehe Guatemala ee retarelststaisicictsicveletsionenekensisnensas eerecenenne Tex. 

(Oper hGIE 3 Aner min beers Or Ciao One oe es morn a rao PO chon Apo creer Os OBO BP AO ser ateverevepeceiie dteceheeligererererorspetshenenatelie Thea wiorw'o.d Tex. 
Rejectaria pharusalis(W1k.) (Noctuidae) : 

ODCHT Gee eSnceteteravzyaiiadets pede teverstinvstepatensteliciatatersVeteretomans tena tehiny stron caer svayapets CoadebwendudannstAnduoMooOvegEteD Deitetetaressss Tex. 
Rhagoletis cerasi(L.) (Tephritidae) : 

PLUNUSHSD ACCHELEY) caters rrinreti el ahene ciel sparse Moketeholaretatatay si atststete trent Azores ,France,Israel,Italy,...... Be hicieenid Mass. ,Mich., 
Portugal ,Switzerland, Rie Moralitie 
unknown 

Rhagoletis cerasi(L.) (?) (Tephritidae) : 

Prunus! 1S PM CCHE LIV) My maweraretets rotate loved shee Dosediae ne tate) ried Merona egos ower ena GOLMADY ce roeinns se eteteaeteneieerereredsdeetehere terete Lists goveheniens Pa. 
Ribua innoxia Hein. (Phycitidae): 

Ananas, comosus (pineapple) Mn maces tiiateteters ecehenelsUeveieceletatsusnivenemtye CUD ae eererees eiotrioietenorece ae uahentnete Setits LO Mis rerstars La. ,N. Y¥. ,Tex 
Schoenobius incertulas(W1k.) (Schoenobiidae) : 

ALY P EAN Sleretrnarsiteneteteveriterscewe tepatoteocuenctatseave coms pov emaebenchonensiedatstsu ker okay cte ADA tetatatahsveretelscoteceteveleneheisted:\ledeleter eitvite eieectens i Hawaii 
Scotinophara lurida(Burm.) (Pentatomidae) : 

OV CHT Tare weil evste nas. spefouele take fetetaduue:treteretcravalchs reverts stelerekerenenalt he lettre FPOLMOS A oj-)/0) sisietede, veto islahel a accel: lsiehehmasteys ie sli epeteneasnene Wash. 
Sesamia cretica Led. (Noctuidae) : 

Sorghum vulgare technicum(broomcorn)...............02005 CALE epceiescietkotekeractcteieks oi-fepeietereheheneaet= Geosiacton La. , Tex. 
Sidemia deparvata(Btlr.) (?) (Noctuidae): 

ALY PALL Ole. Mistticnteleterattecekerecrron de ncbedciotekekcneaedsteteletsicicacs- ta-tch-Rel heptane SD APAD ey otepetedehercusdensvenetotecccatestLehebeneradsdavars Ilmes'odo Hawaii 
Sinoxylon conigerum Gerst. (Bostrichicae) : 

WOOGem Chat ree irenatnegara cee ale cqersns ver evetetntagens| a) ehedsceveh sinters gee Urabe persia Dominican Republic.........0.0+05- hep ootede Maes 
Sinoxylon sexdentatum(Oliv.) (Bostrichidae) : 

QUETCUSES Dye) (OAK) patereteteustelone ledunes crete tanstenetategeletatteleneceonetonadstereteni tage Tit aliys.tstebanshenetecctenebsrerietesaney eraieteneisheneas Ieomrae ana Va. 
Spermophagus cardui (Boh. ) (Bruchidae): 

ConvolyulUse Ser! COUS are elleia: atevadar ane satatetts tose te] spalsdatopapeVavereterelsisiolanrce Nan ae OOOO UDO OOO Onan Coch nto Leretstevaters DSC. 
Spodoptera mauritia(Bdv.) (Phalaenidae) : 

(Adi p LAN Crencnt sehen ke spebehchslacsnenerese ds ietenchcoedem denote (olevenenshehon siete! efeneeenetenens) HA WALT retcteleroasnenstndoiekolicl-yatet-teletshelstataneioc erectescne Hawaii 


¥*State inspection 


= 909i 


Pest and host Country of orgin Number of 
interceptions 


Stenoma catenifer Wlsm. (Stenomidae) : 
Perseaeamericana (AvOCAdO)insmichslerslenelalateleveiele elelelsl sie: citsiey «jes Colombia ,Ecuador ,Guate-.......... 40 
mala,Mexico,Panama, 
Salvador ,Venezuela 


Stephanoderes hampei Ferr. (Scolytidae) : 


Coffeamspe(COLLee) rerarsrernichepare mush ohne loneiclatepepiodsycilelalslsisgsteieilsieuetetar sis Brazile Ceylonretetnaeteletstcasdeas ice lcncne is C16 binnoro.8 
Stictoptera signifera(Wlk.) (Noctuidae) : 

ALY DIAM CeperoncictehelelenenclsotoUeterensiMetelop=h-hel heel =Kateymtel =Wehelelis (oll=falsind= ‘ae ar SEEMS oopceccpcSdono doUdo nooo ne oe Ne repetten eile 
Sybra alternans(Wied.) (Cerambycidae) : 

MEP. coon dendcndossaucouDdoN Odo poOvOoo OD oORObeD OUD Hawaii ,unknown 

Bauniniasmonanarayereyhstolckveltaloheletenelelsherekerotaveielsienejielslisl sl=/(etlere. +! arene Hawaii 

Canavailians p)erevevarcicteherenersiceieneievetel -yepsialcletshekers\svehetels(slersicheners) ste ere arate CO\p-tefeterevenaperetveneneneseieleneneterekstsbeaenorels 

Cordyldinemcermin als Gti) rcetrerichetevevaneicrr<iorsnencsenelslcfellecers ers) ehe TAO OEM UO TODO RUUOOOUD DO oOo OO 

Operculina tuberosa(wood=-roSe) ..........ees eee e cece eee omacOmcoowoonToeee4 

SEL CULV awUreNn Srna cneiekelschetcpeteneteeeyenerlenetereysCshoreelarelenshale le leretinie Bde Odiod dodwiold.do.o oolnadodmionndoaon 
Taeniothrips alliorum Pr. (Thripidae) : 

AG micepa (ONT ON) ietersyevereee ctetetaieetteioteeens teksten eisioieherererevate svevers DET Ei Ges Boia. 6 ie Dido gine SIO LOE EAE a OA aS 
Taeniothrips ericae(Hal.) (Thripidae) : 

Callhmativullcaris\((heathex) ct ciielaieisileistelsisiclsucleteisiale «lel ele ele leiar= England,Germany ,Scot-........... CYR aoa 

land,Switzerland, 
unknown 

ETA CARS Dieyerdelelelcharctohpevsresaiendatebsvehensl clicheierenersterereislonevsloysyshae\ero)ilsbass Eng lian epi retemetatetet stay sialedeneneyeralleloieteriscotsy« eon eas 

GUAATOUVUSES DiterrcpneicetevsieneticteuskeUciohehchaictokessPerclovelsicieketehersiesecereyieists MeOXd COlysrereraisteicr chee creneneneneianstexsheasnsuseeret als Diseeyaere 
Taeniothrips gracilis Mlt. (Thripidae): 

Nymphaea sodorata(waterTily) elec ccc ecerele «cies cleieieieie bres = eben CE oh hs ciaigeaniaOh COMBOS UD CEHAS IO RES 
Taeniothrips hawaiiensis(Morg.) (Thripidae) : 

A DUN VAS Dy uehePaleelatetageteratetccsiciorepejuvetaleickekeretolarsWelfoleueilsfuls!e\/alciveiieVstare 

Chrysanthemumes piaercreneterrencderettehansacbercrs (etek i ovenensn cheliahalisacve) Vea) oyeveds 

Dianchusaspa(carna tion) intervals sel-i-reistsisten-s-lei-telelieel cnshcicicrese ls =e 

Gardentiamaugusita (pardenila)irrericici-teiehetetetened-seishensdsiatstshateisleler=r= 

Philadelphus sp. (mock orange) 

PLUMELASES Dieqheney henetokeraveierereneliene charac 

Rosa sp. (rose) 

Sesuvium portulacastrum("akulikuli")............2.00000- HAWAT eres ecenelat MercteyereteuanevUelecevedenehent te eid Leyes aust 

Zingibermotlicinale (gin SEX) ive ele cuchsleterscvorershesevielcfeticvc ie roisisisacre auoks| Ol Moporedosofegetonere hen et=tetelel sistcrelohevebatcrois Lay eerys 
Taeniothrips picipes(Zett.) (Thripidae) : 

Gentianagsp (bluebell) lerareuccnemieretepepaisnsic) cfsaatenecsievefeye ls tevelsis) sier> re = Switzerland eap-yateersen-toisikoneron waite sas 2 creyckele 

Pra poe oongs sopadsocbosaoncood np ocUcdoOOc Uno EHO OderOCd iD LAT GEN er ete tee ToxatieVeleheteseteMiteteherel ole iedele Basa 
Taeniothrips vitticornis(Ky.) (Thripidae) : 

Canav alias Perejaishverterarsjclisversveners FOE ODO COCO pOeosOyOD COD DUH HA Wadler v-yevorerrecioremstcnouel svay-tak-hekeverskerersisis too we 
Talponia batesi Hein. (Olethreutidae) : 

Annona cherimola (Cherimoya mae cteretel-feixaveretelenelelelltel cudue) «rt Guatemala ,Mexico............e0208- Pea sintere 
Tapinaspis wesmaeli(Boh.) (Chrysomelidae) : 

Chamaedoreavobilon gata weveisal:ioieneiedeinye sels cone eDeteten sation steistsheber susie MEX COsvevoperepocetelcvatetelenevelienevereretetsseprahshaisns Drom eee 
Tarophagus proserpina(Kirk.) (Delphacidae) : 

Colocasilaganti quorum (taro) ciery iol nelctereier-venetelerereselehoicierehenciien« Hawad'aiee) Sosepeceserctravare fee lotedereieieegs tiate verses 
Tenthecoris angustimarginatus Hsiao & Sailer(Miridae) : 

OnmabiGlooroocodosbuoU nese oods Modano DMo Gg OU oUdOO CO Dro Cd MOXD COL sme seteteletstahefaloeheasyssereiataliapefanasietslai= Vocanec 
Tenthecoris bicolor Scott(Miridae) : 

OFX bil, copsadooovoeaoo OU oddoooU dD son DUD OUNHUORDOOSeOO one GuatemalayMext' Coles jorelereus! stars iorecerels US wotekerels 
Tenthecoris confusus Hsiao & Sailer(Miridae) : 

On childiperermerennedeteieneten veheAcericielcnetelahetsiecetatetenen-tecedstcheysletenocers tele eliell sie CoStagRi cay Mexd'COtelercetaveticheveleieietiele LON Gstepeene 
Tenthecoris distinguendus Hsiao & Sailer(Miridae) : 

Oral, Gbooobooocebocon coo dODNdUdos OodUoDOUUODOOU om aoe CanaVsZonerpacreterceiervleisiels)cleleeretsielatorels Weoobe 
Thecla ziba Hew. (Lycaenidae) : 

Ananas | Comosus\(pineapp le) jej-ilepsseev-le\eielete ele slate ss e/elntereia sere a6 MEFS yon .c ppt o cues rho eco oreo reo eens Ue oie 

BRrOMeWUARS VLV CSUs hevemnernedehcnercherelsterentieventhenstapaleioies «feneyevereverelle sad ocopachounudod Dooodoodun ap Hon Nievstredeiets 
Thrips angusticeps Uzel(Thripidae) : 

LactucausativalGlettuce) ia serveicsseetcici-hererersucicienevehersncteve cles sie .ete AtalysMorocCOnserracretatievoichereneiarer tone Samathoc 

Mlowers@andap ants assorted oqensiessfeteielotcpeena sictsieneiostel eelsisiei NEVA re ooG PHD ABelieqauo ote Ones b moBI sl Weeecrep sae 
Thrips major Uzel(Thripidae) : 

Calinmasvul'gards (heathen) yey) ereysicie ase ieyapale is islsile sie ohesa lope eiejey ena t= Germany; Scotlandavctacneygele stereesyoucesoiets Siaienevalls 

DALS Yer eeterrueicictecekciednsucicreieleicheteinlotererererelcrevsnstatevereiln Germanyprerpesetercschelverel lremedeiaycucneaevonetciens Ly sielfellevets 

Dilanthuses pe (Carna cl On) ipier eve teloieroieteksy oreloisie cist eletens (each =salenagers ers Ola ererePeee nei bereice te velateretechecsestcne mien sea veteiet= 

VOWELS ASSORCEO meperetetey siejenete fescich seein: peneiel els daneisicieheneyevstevonetanenedaite BD Glan Ciovaversnege tenes tate ncdien cielo oie ieredetcetohs Weouca t 

Potentistliags Drmeruierteteiiciteiieretetekacchrhenertsrcimiesel vereraisierseehe ice (CHEER sn coon ep cCuC ODOUR OD OO ODOR AOE Moin hte 

ROSAS Diy CLOSE) als terac-te ae ae ei tot eee shecotailakela ebb eieyvirerajerelia, Sroge eeeis weeks En gillian perc terenan-gedererel shen svonenclonsnerenevetcioh= DiS) syeyer he 
Trialeurodes lauri(Sign.) (Aleyrodidae) : 

Laurusenopields\(Grecian laurel) Pree) sicisjsiej-)svavelebeleveteie: =) evel eel a= Tce ML ye eet areVebaajisheusiehe lst edehsisterers) ore reqenesstone Ale Gaioe0 
Tricentrus albomaculatus Dist. (Membracidae) : 

Wandaysprr(Onchl d)iteasusnisiye stoieashelrelchelevehene cietsieusiencucnonaieienetedelt= Ha warlciteameraaRepeieietetay ieee srenslicdn ilisiedsilaheieiere Liskin 
Trionymus sacchari(Ckll.) (Coccidae) : 

Saccharum officinarum(sugarcane).........:-....---+-eeee MOXA COMeyavererenenslictslelaie sutietsrsicneyo (el sisredonere ibe oo. 
Unaspis yanonensis(Kuw.) (Coccidae) : 

Citrus aumnantium(sour orange).....-..-- seers eer eee eee JENEMNS Godan Ppoedo ODED ODOC nOO Oo Che ari dio 

Citrus grandi's((pumMe VO) rer. ee eleseis/elenesel =|licvis sielehs nye ejietsael srirest (CEA. ooupopsonobonen osnaueetoo oD DORA pent 

Citrus limon(\emon) Beoca.6i 


Citrus paradisi(pomelo)........ on SHLGOsbogoceo sero LOMA ddpooaOOadod Layee 

Citrus reticulata(Mandarin orange China,Japan,Philippines..... SIFe86 GoD 

Citrussianensd'S\Coran Ge) ese ice we tepeie) aye ce on sehatedena aula lslel s\iafelle\/ai(ats vel eief Japan Phadippan Shei: leiejeissdepereseversis ave PAG A cia! Ban 

Chews GosonscocastouoU ooo OOM nOROos OU OUabOUG Ucoo code a6 AEE scou nooo dud obo noducimon aca Saonaged 

Poncirus trifoliata(trifoliate-orange)...............+--- Sapte docidoceos dtd Pome beran OOo e cOe SG A SeGasd 
Xyleborus semigranosus Bldfd. (Scolytidae) : 

CoxdyAinewtermin'a T's (Gti) jp ceoneiaieteher-teveyefevetel ay -asielsjalenslinTar-1 eleyevers LEVEE poco oanpauoUeabodoeocdo Mone O Ile pba G6 


*State inspection 


Collected in 


Ala. ,Calif.*, 
Dace lace 
Md’. N..¥..5 
P. R.,Tex. 


Calif.*,La., 
Dace 


Hawaii 


Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 


Ney Pas 


Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 
Hawaii 


Tex. 


Ill. ,Mass.,N. Y. 


Calif. * 

Hawaii 

Calif.* 

Hawaii 
Calif.*,Hawaii, 
Pa. 
Calif.*,Hawaii 
Hawaii 

DiC. 


Hawaii 


Pa ie ml 7, 
~~ 


ocTo 31,19 


4 


-ANT PEST = 
NGRICULTURAL RES ESEARCH SERVICE 


“PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION — 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 October 31, 1958 Number 44 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 
Highlights of Insect Conditions 
GRASSHOPPER survey in Minnesota shows egg pod numbers generally low over 
State. (p. 921). 


PEA APHID population in alfalfa unusually high in southern Nebraska; may 
be building up in southern New Mexico. (p. 914). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID continued high in Republican Valley, Nebraska, and is 
building up rapidly in Yuma area, Arizona. (p. 914). 


CODLING MOTH damage heavier than in recent years in eastern West Virginia. 
Gp 915) 


TOMATO FRUITWORM damaging lettuce in California and New Mexico. (p. 916). 


Heavy infestation of SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR attacking crops in Rio Grande 
Valley, Texas. (p. 916). 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH heavy on pines statewide in West Virginia. (p. 917). 


PLANT PEST DETECTION: Spotted alfalfa aphid reported for first time in 


Nez Perce County, Idaho, new area of State. (p. 914). Soybean cyst nematode 
reported for first time from Virginia. (p. 921). Also reported from Perquimans 


County, North Carolina; new county record. (p. 914). White-fringed beetles 
found for first time in Colquitt and Tift Counties, Georgia, and Gibson, 


Henderson and McNairy Counties, Tennessee. (p. 914). Spruce bud scale new to 
Marin County, California. (p. 917). A tenebrionid (Alphitobius laevigatus) 
a new State record for Iadho. (p. 918). Imported fire ant reported for first 


time from Adams County, Mississippi. (p. 919). 


PINK BOLLWORM much heavier than last year in Texas. Increase also in 
Oklahoma. (p. 917). 


ADDITIONAL NOTES. (p. 921). 
Status of IMPORTED FIRE ANT (map). (p. 922). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 923). 


FE AR 2 EC 6 2 2 C2 ic 2 2 2 26 2K 2 2 2K EK aK 2K 2K 2K ok 2K 2k 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 24, unless otherwise 
designated. 


ca Gailey 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING OCTOBER 27 


Several fair, sunny days and about normal temperatures over most of the Nation 
continued the favorable harvesting weather which has prevailed during most of 
October. Owing to the prolonged dry weather, rain is needed to replenish 
surface soil moisture in most of the Rocky Mountain States area, the Great 
Plains and the South. The Northeast was favored with good rains as storms 
converged on that area from the south and west, resulting in 4 to 5 rainy days. 
Weekly totals ranged from 4 to 3 inches in Pennsylvania, 3/4 to 6 inches in 
New York and New Jersey, and 14 to 5 inches in New England. Heavy snow fell 
in the Adirondack and Pocono Mountains of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively, 
and an inch in northwestern Connecticut. This week's rains brought Boston's 
total precipitation for this year to 56 inches, already the greatest amount 
there for a calendar year during 86 years of official record. The coastal 
storm off the Carolina coast at the end of the previous week also produced 
heavy rains of 2 inches or more along the middle Atlantic coast as it moved 


northward, but amounts tapered off to 4 inch or less in the Appalachians. 


The second storm, moving along the Canadian Border, produced beneficial 
precipitation in parts of North Dakota and eastern Montana. Heavy snows fell 
in the Big Horn Mountains and Black Hills, and high winds, with measured gusts 
of 85 m.p.h. at Glasgow, Montana, caused extensive damage. Damage to power 
and communication lines was extremely heavy in eastern Montana. One hunter 
lost his life in the storm and 3 others were missing. Strong winds over much 
of the Far West at the beginning of the period were responsible for 4 deaths 
and some damage in Oregon, for spreading brush fires which burned over 16,000 
acres in the mountains north of Los Angeles, California, and for soil blowing 
in northern and some central sections of Utah. Average temperature departures 
from normal for the week exceeded 3° only in the far western Great Basin where 
they were as much as 6° below normal at a few stations, and in the northern 
Great Lakes region where they were 6° to 9° above normal. (Weather supplied 
by U. S. Weather Bureau.). 


o ils} & 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - OKLAHOMA - Surveys revealed light to threatening populations in 
crop areas of western and panhandle counties with a few local heavy spots in 
Beaver, Cimarron and Texas Counties, and non-economic to light populations over 
most range areas in western and panhandle counties. (PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 
-NEW MEXICO - Damaged winter wheat and barley in Curry County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 
Dissosteira longipennis collected in Curry, Roosevelt, Lea and Colfax Counties, 
indicating a spread of approximately 120 miles south and 50 miles west from 
where it was found in 1957. (PPC, West. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - IDAHO - Completed surveys indicated a total 
of 70,500 acres infested in various counties. (PPC, West. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy in corn 
throughout Loudoun County. (Brown). NORTH DAKOTA —- Fall abundance survey 
completed in 6 southeastern counties shows heaviest borer infestation ever 
recorded in the State. The 1958 average for all districts is 71 percent with 
179 borers per 100 plants. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) - FLORIDA - Averaged one larva per ear on sweet 
corn in 15 acres inspected at Brooker, Bradford County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 
OKLAHOMA - At Bixby, Tulsa County, 100 percent of 2,400 ears checked were 
infested. (Arbuthnot). 


ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH (Sitotroga cerealella) - OKLAHOMA - Larvae heavy in corn 
fields at harvest in Nowata, Tulsa and Payne Counties. Adults also numerous in 
same fields. (Arbuthnot, Walton). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Damaged late planted fields 
of grain sorghum at Yale, Payne County. (Howell). 


SUGARCANE BEETLE (Euetheola rugiceps) - MISSISSIPPI - Adults found abundantly 
over State and in light trap collections. (Hutchins). 


A WHITEFLY (Aleurocybotus sp. nov.) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on milo in El Centro 
area, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in fields of mixed barley 
and vetch in the Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults medium on rice in 
Willows area, Glenn County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) - WYOMING - Damage causing estimated 2 
percent loss in winter wheat in northeastern part of State. (Ferrell, 
Spackman). Causing light damage in localized areas in southeastern part of 
State. (Davison). 


WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) - OHIO - More numerous throughout the State in 
1958 than for several years. (Polivka). NEW MEXICO - Probably this genus, 
moderate to heavy in winter wheat fields near Pleasant Hill, Curry County. 

Some fields about 75 percent damaged. Replanting necessary. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) - DELAWARE - Present on 
alfalfa in New Castle and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). CALIFORNIA - 
Heavy in 75 percent of alfalfa fields in Glenn County. (Lyon). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Larvae found in 
one field each in Geary and Ottawa Counties. Infestation rates averaged less 
than one percent. (Matthew). 


— (s)ileh 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - 
Present to common in most alfalfa fields throughout State. Common on soybeans 
in New Castle and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Prevalent to abundant on red clover 

in Kent County. Common on alfalfa in New Castle County and still present in 
some Sussex County fields. (Burbutis, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Appears to be 
increasing in alfalfa fields in southern counties. Large numbers parasitized. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). NEBRASKA —- Population in alfalfa unusually high in southern 
portion of State. Number per 10 sweeps are: Lancaster County, 300-1000; 

Gage, 200-1000; Johnson, 100-300; Otoe, 200-400; Saunders, 500; Butler, 80-550; 
Polk, 100; York, 160; Seward, 280; Keith, 320; Red Willow, 240; and Saline, 780. 
(Howe, McKnight, Hill). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - WEST VIRGINIA - Fall survey of 
alfalfa showed negative results. (Ww. Va. Ins. Sur.). ARIZONA - Building up 
rapidly in Yuma area, but below economic threshold. Few predators present. 
(Roth). IDAHO - Discovered in alfalfa fields in Nez Perce County along the 
Snake River south of Lewiston and in fields east and southeast of the city. 
This is the first record in the northern part of the State. (Portman, Foote). 
NEVADA - Light in the Reno area, Washoe County. (Gardella, Oct. 17). UTAH - 
Moderately numerous to damaging in all alfalfa fields examined in Box Elder, 
Weber, Davis and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton). KANSAS - Found in nearly all 
alfalfa fields surveyed in 8 north central counties and in 2 central area 
counties. Counts ranged from 15-625 per 25 sweeps. (Matthew). NEBRASKA — 
Continued high in the Republican Valley. Averaged 1120 per 10 sweeps at 
Holbrook, Furnas County. In a previously heavily infested field in McCook 
area now averages 12 per 10 sweeps with lady beetles averaging 15 per 10 sweeps. 
Averaged 140 per 10 sweeps in the Platte Valley near Paxton, Keith County. 
(Hp): 


CUTWORMS - CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of Agrotis ypsilon and Feltia sp. 
damaged lawns in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County. A. ypsilon and F. subterranea 
damaged lawns in San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, and lippia in El 

Centro, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Damaged a few lawns at 
Riverton and Granger, Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). 


A SOD WEBWORM (Crambus bonifatellus) - This species and cutworms seriously 
damaged dichondra lawns in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County. (Longfellow). 


A CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus insularis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infested 
St. Augustine grass in New Hanover County during August. Det. P. Ashlock. 
(Scott). 


A FLEAHOPPER (Spanogonicus albofasciatus) - NORTH CAROLINA - This species 
apparently caused loss of several lawns in Faison, Duplin County, during the 
summer of 1958. Det. P. Ashlock. (Farrier). 


RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - TEXAS - Attacked lawns in Tarrant and 
Midland Counties. (Bizilo, Crowder). 


SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - NORTH CAROLINA - Two properties in 
Perquimans County were found infested. This is the first positive report from 
this county. ARKANSAS - A total of 16 infestations were found in Mississippi 
County, representing 884 acres, all of which were in the non-regulated area. 
(PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - Found for the first time in Colquitt 
and Tift Counties, GEORGIA, and in Gibson, Henderson and McNairy Counties, 
TENNESSEE, / Additional infested acres and extensions of infestations were 
reported from Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana and 
Mississippi. (PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 


SOs i 


PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Lygus lineolaris common on alfalfa in New Castle and 
Kent Counties. Abundant in most alfalfa fields and in clover in Sussex County. 
Common and abundant on soybeans in New Castle and Sussex Counties, respectively. 
Adelphocoris rapidus remained in most alfalfa fields throughout the State. 
(Burbutis, Conrad). UTAH - Lygus spp. present in northern alfalfa fields, 
numerous in one Taylorsville field in Salt Lake County. (Knowlton). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


BLACK PEACH APHID (Anuraphis persicae-niger) - ALABAMA - Heavy on peach trees 
in Covington County. Although only a few trees were inspected almost every 
twig had been severely injured. (Grimes). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy on peaches and 
nectarines, lighter on apricot and cherry. Winged forms very numerous. 

(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Fall migrants common on peach and apricot foliage 
in northern counties. (Knowlton). 


RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) - WEST VIRGINIA - Appreciable 
damage to apple noticeable recently in eastern panhandle region. (W. Va. Ins. 
Sure): 


PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) - NEVADA - Moderate on pears in 
Lovelock, Pershing County (Snyder, Oct. 17), and light on apples in Reno, 
Washoe County (Bechtel, Oct. 17). 


PEAR RUST MITE (Epitrimerus pyri) - CALIFORNIA - Damaged Bartlett pears in 
Courtland area of Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - WEST VIRGINIA - Infestation 
on apple in Kearneysville area, Jefferson County, lighter than in 1957. Heavy 
in Hampshire County with 90 forms per leaf in one orchard. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - WEST VIRGINIA - Harvest damage was 

5 percent in eastern panhandle area. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). OREGON - Unusual 
infestation of larvae, probably this species, appeared in walnuts in the 
Eugene area, Lane County. (Jones). 


OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - MISSISSIPPI - Pecan trees damaged 
heavily with limbs breaking and dying at Rolling Fork, Sharkey County. (Hutchins). 


MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - CALIFORNIA - Trapping continued during 
the period with negative results. (PPC, West. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). No flies have 
been found on the California-Mexican border in 1958. The latest capture was 
August 22, 1957, in Baja California, and July 22, 1957, in San Diego County. 

Of the 163 flies trapped in previous years in the border area, 146 were caught 
in June, July and August. The total from California remains at 12 flies 

Since the first specimen was found here. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Oct. 17). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Eggs and larvae averaged one 
per plant in 10 acres of snap beans inspected at Orange Heights, Alachua 
County. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


= He. 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in cauliflower in 
Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - 
Moderate in several Dona Ana County lettuce fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - DELAWARE - Caused considerable loss 
to pepper fruit in State during 1958, particularly in lower Kent and Sussex 
Counties. Losses in some fields as high as 50 percent due to borers in the 
fruit, even in fields where controls were used. New borings in stems 

becoming common in Kent and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - ALABAMA - Caused moderate to serious 
damage to young cabbage in Lee County. Both immature and adult forms 
prevalent. (Ruffin). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - TEXAS - Heavy and attacking most 
crops and weeds in lower and middle Rio Grande Valley. (Getzin). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - DELAWARE - Common in pepper fruit in some 
Kent County fields. (Burbutis, Conrad). ALABAMA - Caused considerable 
damage by feeding on pods of snap beans in Escambia County. (Grimes). 
CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging lettuce in Patterson area, Stanislaus County, 
and medium in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. Medium on tomatoes in 
San Leandro area, Alameda County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). NEW MEXICO - Caused 
considerable damage to lettuce, especially in fields being harvested in 

Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


A FUNGUS BEETLE - TEXAS - Attacking sesame while stacked in the field in Dallas 
and Ellis Counties. (Garner). 


MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) - ALABAMA - Continued to cause 
light damage to snap beans in Escambia County. (Grimes). 


SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Found 
in beach morning-glories in Charleston and Beaufort Counties during September. 
This was the first time the insect had been found this year in Charleston 
County and the second time in Beaufort County. (PPC, So. Reg. Rpt.). 


A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Light on lettuce in Watsonville 
area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy and damaging tomato plantings 
in Santa Barbara area, Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OREGON - Continued abundant 
in many strawberry fields in the Willamette Valley during the week of 
October 19. (Capizzi). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLLWORM (Heliothis sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Feeding on large green bolls in Dona Ana 
County cotton fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ALABAMA - Larvae, pupae and adults 
observed in cotton in southern part of the State. Most in pupal stage at 
this time. (Grimes). TEXAS - Caused heavy ragging of cotton leaves in Brazos 
River bottoms. (Hawkins). 


Si ly 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARKANSAS - Infestations were found 
in Clark, Hempstead, Howard, Little River and Miller Counties. LOUISIANA - 
One specimen, the first in 4 years, was collected in Allen Parish near the 
Vermillion Parish line and one specimen was collected in gin trash inspections 
in Vermillion Parish. TEXAS - Infestation is many times heavier this year 
than in 1957. OKLAHOMA - Inspections in 22 southern and southwestern counties 
indicate an increase in infestation in several counties. FLORIDA - On 
Plantation Key 2 specimens were taken from 224 blooms of hibiscus plants located 
on the Plantation Yacht Harbor property. (PPC, So. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). 

NEW MEXICO - Five larvae were found at 3 gins in Dona Ana County, involving 
986 bales of cotton, and one larva at a gin in Luna County, involving 193 
bales. (PPC, West. Reg., Sept. Rpt.). NEVADA - None collected in light traps 
to date in Pahrump Valley, Nye County. (Bechtel, Zoller, Oct. 17). 


COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in cotton fields in Mesilla 
Valley. Honeydew causing some damage to lint. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WEST VIRGINIA - Heavy 
infestation of pines statewide. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) - WEST VIRGINIA - Very light on various trees 
statewide. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


AN OLETHREUTID (Laspeyresia bracteatana) - CALIFORNIA - Causing complete 
destruction of red fir cone crop and considerable damage to white fir cone 
crop in Stonyford Forest area, Colusa County. This is first time this species 
has been taken on red fir. (Sandborn, USFS). 


SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) - CALIFORNIA - Light to moderate 

and causing defoliation of white fir in Bidwell Creek and North Warner areas 

of Modoc National Forest. In previous years this area infestation has remained 
at a low endemic level. (Howard, USFS). 


BARK BEETLES - TEXAS - Treatment of infested trees and/or stumps continued, 
with 3,000 acres remaining to be treated. Activity is decreasing. (Young). 
CALIFORNIA - Pityophthorus sp. heavy on spruce in Los Gatos, Santa Clara 


County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - TEXAS - Caused mortality of merchantable pines in 
Angelina, Polk, Trinity and Tyler Counties. (Young). 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - Aerial and ground 
observations failed to show any additional spots with brood trees. There are nc 
known spots with active broods. (Young). 


APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Several heavy infestations on pines and arborvitaes in the 
Oklahoma City area, Oklahoma County. (Bower). Myzocallis ulmifolii averaged 
4 per leaf on Payne County elms. (Howell). 


SPRUCE BUD SCALE (Physokermes piceae) - CALIFORNIA - Collected on spruce at 
San Rafael, Marin County, September 25. This is the first in this county. 
Was first collected in the State in Alameda County May 8, 1958. (Harper). 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - MISSISSIPPI - Severely damaged 
photinia at Mathiston, (Hutchins). 


= Sls}. 


BOXWOOD LEAF MINER (Monarthropalpus buxi) - WEST VIRGINIA - Boxwood 100 
percent infested in a Cabell County nursery. (W. Va. Ins. Sur.). 


DOGWOOD CLUB-GALL MIDGE (Mycodiplosis alternata) - TENNESSEE - Galls found on 
dogwood in Knox County. (Bennett). 


SCALE INSECTS - MARYLAND - Unaspis euonymi heavy on euonymus at Laurel, 
Prince Georges County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). MISSISSIPPI - Several reports 
of serious infestations of Fiorinia theae over the State. (Hutchins). 


MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) - FLORIDA - Investigation of infestation 
on mimosa trees at Ft. Walton, Okaloosa County, revealed that the city, 
approximately 2 square miles, was generally infested. No live specimens were 
found. Same symptoms were observed on one property in Pensacola, Escambia 
County. (Bradgon, Albritton, Oct. 16). 


NEVADA BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca nevadensis) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy adult population 
active around clumps of shinery oak in southeastern Ellis County. (VanCleave, 
Frazier). 


A CHERMID (Phylloxera sp.) - OHIO - Stunted and distorted growing tips of 
pin oaks in Wooster, Wayne County. Det. L. M. Russell. (Neiswander). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - NEVADA - Additional larvae collected 
from dogs at Fallon, Churchill County, and Las Vegas, Clark County. 

(Bechtel, Oct. 17). ALABAMA - During past month members of the Screw-worm 
Eradication Group have reported collecting sterile egg masses of this species 
from animals in Autauga, Montgomery and Elmore Counties, however only a few 
such cases have been reported. Positive specimens are still being found in 
these counties. (Grimes). 


SCREW-WORMS - NEW MEXICO - Remained active in herds in Grant County. 
(NE OME Coop! Rpts): 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 100-500 per untreated 
animal on range cattle in northwestern part of State. (VanCleave). 


SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans) - DELAWARE - Remained common in 
eastern sections of Kent and Sussex Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). 

NORTH CAROLINA - Adults biting at the rate of 20-30 per minute along the 
entire coastal area. (Ashton). 


AN EYE GNAT (Hippelates collusor) - CALIFORNIA - Continues to be a nuisance 
in the Borrego Valley of San Diego County, the El Toro area of Orange County 
and the Coachella Valley of Riverside County. (Mulla). 


A TICK (Ornithodoros coriaceus) - CALIFORNIA - Many hunters and hikers being 
bitten in the Santa Susana and Sespe Creek areas of Ventura County and the 
Cuyama Valley of Santa Barbara County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


A TENEBRIONID (Alphitobius laevigatus) - IDAHO - Infestation in pea screenings 
in seed warehouse in Twin Falls, Twin Falls County. Apparently new State 
record. (Gibson). 


{Vale} 


Stored-grain Insects in Alabama - Survey of a warehouse in Mobile County 
revealed a heavy infestation of immature stages of Anthrenus scrophulariae 
and AttagenuS piceus in grain refuse. An extremely heavy infestation of 
Lasioderma serricorne was also found, as well as a moderate infestation of 
Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Tribolium confusum. (Grimes, Seibels, Barry). 


A FUNGUS BEETLE - TEXAS - Caused considerable damage to stored-grain in 
San Patricio and Aransas Counties. (Co. Agents). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


A SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID PARASITE (Trioxys utilis) - NEVADA - Cocoons found 
in two of three fields examined. This represents the first recovery of this 
parasite in the State. (Puttler, Oct. 17). 


A CHALCID (Dibrachys cavus) - IDAHO - Reared from a collection of Haplotinea 
ditella. (See CEIR 7(12):214). This apparently constitutes a new host reeord for 
this common species. (Barr). 


A LADY BEETLE (Olla abdominalis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-2 per 10 leaves on 
elms in Stillwater area, Payne County. (Howell). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - MISSISSIPPI -— Found in 
Adams County for the first time, September 29. (Hutchins). 


SOUTHERN FIRE ANT (Solenopsis xyloni) - MISSISSIPPI - Being sent in for 
identification from several areas of State due to increased interest in fire 
ant program. (Hutchins, Oct. 3). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Adults numerous in 
some homes in the Stillwater area, Payne County. (Howell). 


OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Damaging a building in 
Loudoun County. (Brown 


VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - TEXAS - Large numbers 
attracted to lights in Gillespie County. (Turney). 


A WEEVIL (Eudiagogus pulcher) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on sesbania foliage 
in Blythe area, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) - OREGON - Reported infesting several 
dwellings in the Salem area, Marion and Polk Counties. Some winged forms 
present. (Capizzi). 


TO 2 Ola 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. 


unip. _yps. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea 


FLORIDA 

Gainesville 10/21 4 

Quincy 10/20 3 2 
INDIANA (Counties) 

Orange 10/14-17 5 ag, 12 103 

Tippecanoe 10/15-22 138 193 10 62 4 425 
KANSAS 

Garden City 9/29-10/3, Zi 13 190 

6-12 ,14-15,18-19 

Hays 10/6-8,13-16 39 43 PUTS 

Manhattan 10/16 26 7 9 216 
LOUISIANA 

Baton Rouge 10/10-23 64 67 42 5 206 1429 167 
MISSISSIPPI 

*State College 10/17-24 20 12 6 abr (ee 126 

*Stoneville 10/17-24 43 ile/ 8 i! 30 56 135 
NEBRASKA 

Alliance 9/26-10/5 70 3 8 46 

Concord 9/27-10/5 30 36 2 15 1159 

Kearney 9/29-10/2 2 2 67 

North Platte 10/3-9 1539 676 8 167 97 667 

Scotts Bluff 10/7-13 267 Sih 99 64 
SOUTH CAROLINA 

Clemson 10/18-24 4 16 2 1 1 3 

Charleston 10/6-12, 20 19 4 2 1h3} 2 21 

20-26 

Florence 10/19-25 37 23 3 1 42 170 27 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Blount 10/14-20 2 a 1 14 

Cumberland 10/14-20 9 11 32 

Greene 10/14-20 12 $3 2 aL 9 

Johnson 10/14-20 2 1 3 1 8 21 

Madison 10/14-20 6 4 iLak 3 2 59 

Maury 10/14-20 8 7q 12 10 akal 

Robertson 10/14-20 6 16 4 1 128 
TEXAS 

Waco 10/18-24 89 25 39 5288 160 


*Two traps - State College; 3 traps - Stoneville. 


PAL 


ADDITIONAL NOTES 


MINESOTA - The 1958 grasshopper survey shows Melanoplus femur-rubrum by far 
the most dominant species in the State; however, M. bivitattus and M. 
differentialis egg pods were found at a number of west central and Southwest 
locations. Generally, egg pod numbers were very low over the greater area of 
the State. In the west central and southwest districts a number of fields 
with threatening to very severe egg infestations were found, but fields with 
high egg counts are very scattered, indicating that the infestation will, in 
all probability, be quite spotty in 1959. The number of egg predators found 
was very low in all districts surveyed. (PPC-State Coop.). 


FE 2 Kg 8 2k aK RC 2 2k Ig 2K 2K IC 2 kg 2 2 Kk 2K 2K ic ae 2k 2K ok 


Soybean Cyst Nematode Reported from Virginia - The following information has 


been received from C. R. Willey, Director, Division of Plant Industry, Virginia 
Department of Agriculture and Immigration, Richmond: October 27, 1958 


"TO-STATE PLANT PEST CONTROL AND QUARANTINE OFFICIALS 


SUBJECT-SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE 


"The soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) has 
been confirmed by U. S. D. A. nematologists from soil samples 
from two farms in Nansemond County, Virginia. 


"Over 1,250 soil samples from 29 other heavy producing counties 
have been processed and found negative. 


"Other samples are being taken and processed, and you will 
be kept informed of any further developments. 


"At present no hazardous commodities are being moved from 
the farms, or the county involved." 


- 922 - 


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INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


CABBAGE-STEM FLEA BEETLE (Psylliodes chrysocephala (L.)) 


Economic Importance: Larvae of this chrysomelid are very injurious to 
cruciferous plants in several areas of Europe, particularly to turnips, rape, 
cauliflower and cabbage. They were responsible for the complete destruction 

of terminals of overwintered crops in the spring of 1944, 1945 and 1946 in 
Switzerland. The insect is a serious pest of turnips and rape in Germany and 
partly responsible for the decline of rape cultivation in Holland. The adults 
are not considered injurious in England, but sometimes completely destroy fields 
of winter rape and sugar beets in Germany. This pest was first found in 

North America during 1952 near St. Johns, Newfoundland, but has not been reported 


since that date. Larvae of P. chrysocephala are frequently intercepted at 
Us Si ports) of ‘entry. 


Hosts: Cultivated and wild crucifers are principal hosts. Also attacks 
sugar beet, flax, vetch, soybeans and Mathiola incana. 


General Distribution of Psylliodes chrysocephala 


Distribution: Occurs throughout Europe and in Newfoundland, Canada. Inter- 
ceptions have been reported from North African sources which indicate this 
species is probably present in that area also. 


Life History and Habits: Overwintering adults become active during the early 
spring in England, later in some other countries. Females deposit over 1,000 
eggs, 400 to 500 of which are laid after overwintering. Larvae arising from eggs 
deposited by overwintering adults pupate in April or May in England and give 
rise to the second brood which passes the winter. Hibernation may occur either 
in the egg or larval stages. Damage in England is largely confined to larval 
tunnelling in the stems and midribs of cauliflowers; occasionally the stalks 
are hollowed out, appearing blackish. In Germany, young first-instar larvae 
usually enter the leaf-stalk from the upper surface. Second and third-instar 
larvae enter any side. The mines are tortuous, consisting of a central tunnel 
along the stem with one or more branches at right-angles. Molting occurs close 


(Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera) No. 64 of Series 


- 924 - 


to the exit holes near the walls of 

the stalk. Larvae may leave one stalk 
and enter another in search for fresh 
food, leaving characteristic trails 

on the surface of the plants. Pupation 
normally occurs in the soil, but may 
take place in the stalk. Winter is the 
most important factor in limiting 

the population. 


Description: The adult shape is 

oval, rather long and metallic greenish- 
blue. Head reddish; antennae long, 
lighter at base, 10-jointed. Thorax 
rounded, rather broad, very finely 
punctate; elytra with regular rows of 
fine punctures. Legs yellowish-brown 
to red with posterior femora and tibiae 
darker. Length 3-5 mm. Larva 

creamy white; head, pronotal shield 

and ninth abdominal tergite brown, 
abdomen with three transverse dorsal 
row of hairs; length 8 mm. (Prepared 

in Plant Pest Survey Section in 
cooperation with other ARS agencies.) 
CEIR 8(44) 10-31-58 


Larvae of P. chrysocephala 
in Midrib of Cauliflower Leaf 


Leg of P. chrysocephala Adult of P. chrysocephala 


Figures (except map): Adult from Balachowsky, A. and Mesnil, L. 1936. Les 
Insectes Nuisibles aux Plantes Cultivees. Vol. 2, pp. 1141-1921. Paris. Leg 
from Jablonowski, J. 1906. A Czukorrepa Allati Ellensegei. 288 pp. Budapest. 
Larval damage from Smith, K. M. 1948. A Textbook of Agricultural Entomology. 
289 pp. Cambridge. 


BE oan esa 


a 


ie 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 November 7, 1958 Number 45 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID of concern on young alfalfa in Oklahoma. (p. 928). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM increased to outbreak proportions on Eastern Shore of 
Virginia. (p. 929). 


WEEVILS damaged pines in Pennsylvania. (p. 931). 


INSECT DETECTION: Southwestern corn borer found for first time in Mississippi 
County, Arkansas. (p. 927). Smaller European elm bark beetle new to Alameda 
County, California. (p. 931). Beech scale collected in Pike County, Pennsylvania, 
first State record. (p. 931). A mealybug (Geococcus coffeae) collected for 

the first time in Orange County, Florida, constitutes a new United States 

record. (p. 931). Giant hornet collected for first time in Shelby, Knox, 

Johnson and Anderson Counties, Tennessee. (p. 932). 


CORRECTION. (p. 932). 
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - ALASKA - 1957 (p. 933), 1958 (p. 934). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 935). 


FE Ke EC 2K 2K 2 2 IK 2 2 2 AC 2K EK 2K 2K EK 2 2K 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending October 31, unless otherwise 
designated. 


= 26m 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
NOVEMBER 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for November calls for temperatures to 
average below seasonal normals in the East, the South and the southern Rocky 
Mountain area. Above normal averages are predicted for the northern half of 
the country from the Great Lakes westward to the Pacific Coast and also in the 
far Southwest. In areas not specified near normal temperatures are in prospect. 
Precipitation is expected to exceed normal in New England and also in the 
Southwest. Near normal amounts are anticipated along the east and west coasts, 
in the northern Rocky Mountain States and in the East Gulf region. In the 
remainder of the nation precipitation should be subnormal. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and 
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe 
through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, 
$2.40 a half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 3 


Cooler and drier air from central Canada pushed into the Nation the first part 
of the week and was the major weather factor for the week. Sunny days 
prevailed in the upper Great Lakes and northern Plains. Below normal tem- 
peratures were experienced except from the upper Great Lakes to the eastern 
slopes of the Rockies in Montana and from southeastern Arizona through the 
Pacific Coastal States. Little or no precipitation fell from Oklahoma 
northeastward to the upper Great Lakes and also from eastern Montana 
southwestward to southern California and southwestern Arizona. Many sections 
of Oklahoma have been dry and without sufficient rain for 7 weeks. Freezing 
temperatures were reported from the Canadian Border through most of New 
England, the Appalachians, the lower Ohio Valley, westward to the lower 
Rockies and the Sierra and Cascade Ranges. Near zero readings occurred at 
high elevations of the Rockies. The growing season was brqught to a close in 
New Mexico. A low pressure area centered over southern New England spread 
moisture inland from the north Atlantic coast. Some snow fell each day at the 
higher points of New England and the northern Adirondacks. It was not until 
Thursday that the precipitation which had dampened much of the Northeast during 
the preceding week, faded from the scene and sunshine helped to boost daytime 
temperatures. In the South precipitation accompanied the development of a 

low pressure system over the Gulf of Mexico. On Wednesday, the rain at 

El Paso, Texas, raised the total there since January 1 to nearly 17 inches, 
breaking the record for moisture yielded between January and October, 

unshaken since 1881. The disturbance over the Gulf slowly progressed north- 
eastward, allowing the rains to diminish over Texas while increasing over 
Florida. This broke the spell of fine fall weather in the central and south- 
eastern parts of the country. 


On Monday the 27th patches of low clouds and fog hovered along portions of the 
north Pacific coastline in the early morning followed by sunshine; elsewhere, 
sunshine was hindered by only partial cloudiness over much of the region west 
of the Rockies. This generally continued through Thursday. On Friday a 
weather front marked the advance of Pacific moisture across the Far Northwest, 
cloudiness across the Cascades and rain into western Washington, Oregon and 
the upper coast of California during the day. Late Friday, strong winds with 
gusts of 40 to 45 m.p.h., associated with another low pressure development in 
eastern Canada, swept across New York State. The cold air concentrated to the 


WEATHER continued on page 932. 


Bo ORY = 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Averaged 7-10 per square yard on rangeland and 
Russian-thistle until week ending October 31, when great numbers were observed 
dying in the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - 
Numerous about Yost, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - WISCONSIN - Fall survey showed 
marked decrease for 1958 as compared with 1957. The State average dropped to 
15 larvae per 100 plants as compared with 36 in 1957. East central counties 
had highest infestations, being the only area showing an increase over the 
1957 population. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - ARKANSAS - Found for the 
first time in Mississippi County. All counties in the State are now infested 
with this species, which was first recorded in Sebastian and Franklin Counties 
in 1950. Subsequent new county records were as follows: 2 counties in 1951; 

8 counties in 1952; 5 in 1953; 5 in 1954; 8 in 1955; 5 in 1956; 20 in 1957; and 
20 in 1958. This spread has been most rapid in the heaviest corn producing 
areas. (Arkel Ins, Rpt... Oct. 25): 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - ARKANSAS - Found in green heads of sorghum 
or suckers in field of mature sorghum in Crawford County, with up to more than 
100 very small to half-grown larvae per head. (Odglen, Oct. 25). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-100 per linear 
foot of drill row in fields of fall-Seeded barley in 11 central and north 
central counties. Infestations spotty within individual fields. (VanCleave). 
TEXAS - Found in several fields in panhandle counties surveyed for greehbug, 
although heavier on barley than wheat. (Daniels). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - GEORGIA - Heavy on oats in Spalding County, 
October 23. (Tippins). TEXAS - Heavy on wheat in Guadalupe County. (Turnery). 
Medium and attacking oats and barley in Hunt, Delta and Kaufman Counties. 
(Davis) . 


WHITE GRUBS - OKLAHOMA - Caused some damage to wheat in fields near Frederick, 
Tillman County (Hatfield) and severe damage to spreading junipers in an 
Oklahoma City nursery (Bower). Populations light in pastures in Custer 
County. (Hudson). 


A WIREWORM - OKLAHOMA - Severely damaged 50-acre field of fall-seeded wheat 
near Tonkawa, Kay County, necessitating reseeding. (Henderson). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - DELAWARE - Common on winter 
rye cover crop in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad) . 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Survey conducted October 20-24 in 

19 panhandle counties showed this species present in numbers less than one 

per foot in Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, Randall, Swisher, Briscoe, Floyd 

and Hale Counties. However, colonies were present in these counties on the 
larger wheat clumps. (Daniels.). Also found in Ochiltree, Hansford and Sherman 
Counties but were much lighter than in counties mentioned above, being very 
difficult to locate. (Chada). 


BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - TEXAS - Average of 20-30 per foot noted in 
a continuous wheat field 5 miles north of Wellington, Collingsworth County. 
(Chada) . 


=N9230— 


A NOCTUID (Probably Scotogramma trifolii) - WASHINGTON - Caused moderate 
damage to alfalfa in Asotin County. (Telford). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Common to prevalent on most alfalfa 
fields throughout the State. (Burbutis, Conrad). UTAH - Generally moderate 
in alfalfa fields in Salt Lake, Weber, Davis, Box Elder and Cache Counties. 
(Knowlton) . 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged as high as 
250 per sweep in some central and north central fields of young alfalfa. 
Considerably lighter in older alfalfa fields in same area. Controls applied to 
many fields of young alfalfa. (VanCleave). Averaged 15-18 per 10 sweeps in 
some alfalfa fields near Davidson, Tillman County. (Hatfield). UTAH - Light 

on alfalfa in Cache and Box Elder Counties, heavier in southern counties. 
(Knowlton). WASHINGTON - New light infestation on alfalfa discovered at 
Rogersburg, Asotin County. (Telford). ILLINOIS - Averaged 40 per 100 sweeps 

at Waterloo, Monroe County, and 14 per 100 sweeps at Pickneyville, Perry 
County Cl tins ee Rpit ai 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - 
Common in alfalfa throughout the State and on late soybeans in Sussex County. 
(Burbutis, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-2 per sweep in some central and 
north central alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 
0-0.6 per sweep in some central and north central alfalfa fields (VanCleave) 
and 3.5-4 per sweep in alfalfa fields near Davidson, Tillman County. 
(Hatfield). 


A TORTRICID (Sparganothis sulphurana) - VIRGINIA - Very light on soybeans 
in Westmoreland and other eastern counties during first half of Septmeber. 
Det. H. W. Capps. (Morris, Oct. 25). 


GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - CALIFORNIA - Caused heavy damage 
to dichondra lawns in San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A BILLBUG - OREGON - Reported in CEIR 8(41):863, has been determined as Calendra 
venatus confluens by R. E. Warner. (Dickason). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) - CALIFORNIA - Caused medium damage to citrus 
seedlings in Fillmore area, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.) 


ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) - OREGON - Surveys completed for 
1958 showed 347 moths trapped on 100 properties in the Willamette Valley and 
none trapped on 50 properties in eastern part of State and none on 90 
properties in the south. (Larson). 


GRAPE LEAF FOLDER (Desmia funeralis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium and damaging grape 
plantings in Kelseyville area, Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 25-30 per 
10 leaflets on Payne County pecans. (Bieberdorf). CALIFORNIA - Heavy on 
pecan trees in the Blythe area, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) - OREGON - Larvae collected from 
chestnuts at Salem, October 14. Det. H. W. Capps. (Every). 


=O 2, Ol 


HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Attacked pecans in Brazos 
County, with as many as 5 larvae per nut. (Randolph). 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - OREGON - Completed trapping surveys 
in western localities reveal no flies present. (Larson). 


A WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis suavis) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infested 15 percent of 
English walnuts examined in Snyder County. Pupation 90 percent. (Gesell, 
Oct. 25). 


Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Fourth Week of October - 
PURPLE SCALE activity increased, with further increase expected in next 

2-3 weeks. FLORIDA RED SCALE activity also increased and will continue high 
through November. Hatching near a peak. CITRUS RED MITE showed a slight 
increase in activity, with further increase expected. A considerable further 
increase in CITRUS RUST MITE activity is expected. (Pratt, Thompson, Johnson). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on cucumbers in Encanto 
area, San Diego County, and larvae light on artichoke buds in Watsonville 
area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CABBAGE WEBWORM (Hellula rogatalis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium and damaged turnip 
plantings in Riverside area, Riverside County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CROSS-STRIPED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis rimosalis) - MARYLAND - Moderate to 
abundant on cabbage at Fairland, Montgomery County, during September. 
(U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Common on kale in Kent County 
and prevalent on cabbage in Sussex County with fresh feeding conspicuous. 
(Burbutis, Conrad). VIRGINIA - Increased to outbreak proportions on Eastern 
Shore cole crops where control measures were not followed. (Hofmaster). 


DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) - VIRGINIA - Developed to outbreak 
proportions on cole crops where controls were not followed on the Eastern 
Shore. (Hofmaster). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - VIRGINIA - Damaged about 25 percent 
of pepper crop maturing before October 7 at Painter, with similar infestations 
reported elsewhere on the Eastern Shore. Generally, infestation in 1958 was 
one of highest on record for Eastern Shore. Potatoes, sweet corn, field 

corn, peppers and occasionally snap beans were attacked. This pest caused 
more damage to sweet corn in this area in 1958 than the corn earworm. 
(Hofmaster). 


FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) - VIRGINIA - Caused some damage to snap 
beans on Eastern Shore recently. (Hofmaster). 


TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) - ALABAMA - Remained prevalent on some crops 
in the central portion of the State, being taken from okra during the past 
week. (Grimes). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - VIRGINIA - Very numerous in some 

pepper fields on Eastern Shore, requiring treatment. (Hofmaster). CALIFORNIA - 
Caused medium damage to artichokes in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. 

(aly Coops Rpt)! 


Ae 10) 


MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - VIRGINIA - Heavy infestations have occurred 
on cucurbits on the Eastern Shore during the last several weeks. (Hofmaster) . 


GREEN STINK BUG (Acrosternum hilare) - TEXAS - Light to medium on sesame in 
Delta County. (Davis 


TARNISHED PLANT BUG Es lineolaris) - DELAWARE - Abundant on turnips and 
carrots in Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


COTTON INSECTS 


BOLL WEEVIL (Anthonomus grandis) - ALABAMA - Large number in squares of young 
‘cotton in Lee County, but activity greatly reduced, probably due to cool 
weather. (Grimes). 


BOLLWORMS (Heliothis spp.) - ALABAMA - Large numbers of eggs observed on 
young cotton in Lee County. Unusually heavy infestation of larvae for this 
late in season. (Grimes). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA -— Medium and attacked cotton 
fields in Calipatria area, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) - ARKANSAS - Defoliated small field of 
cotton on University Experiment Farm at Fayetteville, which had not been 
treated all season. Due to lateness in season no treatment was applied. 
Feeding on small bolls became rather common after leaves and squares were 
consumed. (Ark. Ins. Rpt., Oct. 25). 


SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) - CALIFORNIA - Medium populations 
continued to attack cotton plantings in Westmoreland area of Imperial 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


Bugs on Cotton in California - Medium to heavy populations of bugs on cotton 
at Cross Roads, San Bernardino County, included Euryophthalmus convivus 
and Chlorochroa sayi. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) - ALABAMA - Honeydew causing recudtion in 
quality of cotton being obtained from areas of Autauga County. (Rawson). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (Rhyacionia buoliana) - WISCONSIN - Many dead larvae 
observed in southeastern part of State. Some apparently killed by 
unidentified parasite. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Infested one-third of 
3-year old Scotch pine seedlings examined in Franklin County, with some 
killed. (Udine, Oct. 25). 


A TORTRICID (Sparganothis sulfurana) - PENNSYLVANIA - Reared from web collected 
from pitch pine in Perry County August 26. Det. J. F. G. Clarke. (Drooz). 


IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - ALABAMA - I. calligraphus, I. grandicollis and I. 
avulsus in scarce numbers in cut-over timbers in Lee “County, with I. 
calligraphus the more abundant. (Guyton). 


cu ejb 


RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus valens) - PENNSYLVANIA - Killed several 
white pines in Bedford County. (Drooz, Oct. 25). 


SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy 
and caused damage to elms in Alameda. This is a first record for Alameda 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WEEVILS - PENNSYLVANIA - Hylobius pales and Pissodes approximatus easily 
collected under Scotch, white, red and Banks pines in Blair County, with severe 
damage to many trees. (Udine, Oct. 25). CALIFORNIA - Heavy populations of 
Pityophthorus sp. caused twig damage to pines in San Jose, Santa Clara County. 
(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


APHIDS - VIRGINIA - Cinara strobi and Pineus strobi general but light on 
white pines in Blacksburg area of Montgomery County. (Morris, Fenne, Tinga). 


AZALEA LACE BUG (Stephanitis pyrioides) - MARYLAND - Injury to azaleas 
conspicuous at Chevy Chase , Montogomery County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


BEECH SCALE (Cryptococcus fagi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Collected from beech in 
Pike County, September 8, for first State record. Det. H. Morrison. (Drooz). 


TEA SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - ALABAMA - Extremely heavy on camellias in Lee 
County. (Grimes). 


A MEALYBUG (Geococcus coffeae) - FLORIDA - Collected on philodendron and 
dieffenbachia at Apopka, Orange County, September 9. Det. H. Morrison. 
These constitute new U. S. records. (VanPelt, Denmark) . 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


MOSQUITOES - NORTH CAROLINA - Aedes dupreei and Psorophora ciliata biting 

in Onslow County and A. vexans in Hyde and Pamlico Counties. Worst infestations 
of Aedes sollicitans ever observed along coastal areas, with 63 to over 100 
adults landing per minute at temperatures near 70 degrees. Conditions 

expected to degenerate more with over 30,000 acres returning to brackish 

flora due to hurricane and coastal storms in 1956. (Ashton). 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - LOUISIANA - From September 25 to 
October 28 there have been 9 authenticated reports in the State, with a 
total of 11 animals infested. Four reports came from Caddo Parish and one 
each from Concordia, Claiborne, Webster and Tensas Parishes. One case in 
Bossier Parish, October 28. (Spink and Screw-worm Erad. Prog.). 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 30-1000 per head of treated 
and untreated mature cattle in Texas County. (Flora). 


A HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Egg laying medium to heavy on 
horses in central and north central areas of State. (VanCleave). 


PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - LOUISIANA - Probably this species 
much more numerous in 1958 than during past several years, with several reports 
of persons being severely stung by these caterpillars. At least one person 

was hospitalized. (Spink). 


EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-34 per ear on 167 head of 
yearling cattle in Texas County, 0-70 in Canadian County. (Flora). 


ay AS 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


Stored-grain Insects in Texas - Heavy infestations of Sitophilus oryza, 
Sitotroga cerealella, Tribolium confusum, Laemophloeus pusillus, Oryzaephilus 
Surinamensis and fungus beetles were found in 5,000 bushels of stored grain 
sorghum in Guadalupe County. (Turney). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 0.4-1 per sweep in some 
central and north central alfalfa fields, Nabis sp. 0.2-1.5 and lacewings 
0.4-1.5. (VanCleave). TEXAS - Lady beetles were found in many fields of 

19 panhandle counties surveyed for greenbug. (Daniels). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajalus) - PENNSYLVANIA - Caused severe damage 
to a small building in Bedford County. (Drooz, Oct. 25). 


BLACK CARPENTER ANT (Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus) - NORTH CAROLINA - 
Swarming in homes in Nash and Wake Counties. (Wray). 


GIANT HORNET (Vespa crabro germana) - TENNESSEE - Reported from Shelby, 
Knox, Johnson and Anderson Counties as new county records. (Mullett). 


AN EARTHWORM MITE (Fuscuropoda agitans) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infestation in 
worm beds in Franklin County. (Farrier). 


CORRECTION 


CEIR 8(43) :893 - TOMATO HORNWORM should be changed to read TOMATO FRUITWORM. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK - Continued 


north of the Great Lakes impeded the northerly spread of rain into the 
northeast on Saturday. The disturbance that earlier in the week was over the 
Gulf of Mexico, moved across Georgia and continued up the Atlantic coast, 
producing cloudy, rainy weather in the Northeast over the weekend. Rain 
turned to snow at higher elevations with snowfall up to 9 inches near Altoona, 
Pennsylvania. Elsewhere in the Nation, with few exceptions, fair skies were 
the dominant feature supported by a high pressure system centered over 

Texas and northern Utah. In the Pacific Northwest, heavy clouds gave pre- 
cipitation south to northern California and inland to the west slopes of the 
northern Rockies. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau.) 


- 933 - 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1957 


ALASKA 


Prepared by Richard H. Washburn 


Forage Crop Insects: MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was numerous 
in the Juneau, Ketchikan and Sitka areas in the southeastern part of the 
Territory. A caterpillar resembling SOYBEAN POD BORER (Grapholitha 
glycinivorella) heavily infested lupine seed pods. 


Small Fruit Insects: TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) was serious 
on strawberries. STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVILS damaged strawberries in the Anchorage 
area and MEADOW SPITTLEBUG was numerous on raspberries and strawberries in 
southeastern sections. 


Vegetable Insects: TURNIP MAGGOT (Hylemya floralis) was severe throughout the 
growing season in turnips, radishes, cauliflower, broccoli and cabbage in all 
areas. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (H. cilicrura) occurred only in the Matanuska Valley 
area and ONION MAGGOT (H. antiqua) in green onions near Palmer. CUTWORMS were 
serious on Gravina Island near Ketchikan in the southeast and were lightest in 
years in other areas. A THRIPS (Taeniothrips orionis) severely damaged cabbage 
and lettuce on the Kenai Peninsula. WIREWORMS (Ctenicera spp.) damaged potatoes 
in the Tanana Valley and limited areas of the Matanuska Valley. CABBAGE APHID 
(Brevicoryne brassicae) was imported on cabbage plants from the States and 
severely injured cabbage in the Tanana Valley. BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) was 
numerous on beans. A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca filamenta) was numerous on “on potatoes 
in river bank areas near Palmer. 


Ornamental Insects: A SPEAR-MARKED BLACK MOTH (Eulype hastata) was very 
numerous , rolling birch leaves over a large area near Fairbanks. A BIRCH 
APHID (Euceraphis sp.) and other APHIDS heavily infested birch and cottonwood 
over the interior of the Territory. Columbine, delphinium and calendula were 
also heavily infested. A SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes sp.) was numerous on 
white spruce in the Tanana Valley. GLADIOLUS THRIPS (Taeniothrips simplex) 
damaged gladiolus in all areas. An unidentified MITE was numerous on white 
spruce in the Anchorage area. 


Greenhouse Insects: A GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes sp.) was common in 
greenhouses in the Tanana and Matanuska Valleys on fuchsia. APHIDS were 
severe on peppers, eggplant and occasionally on cucumbers. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER 
MITE (Tetranychus telarius) became established in many greenhouses in Alaska. 
THRIPS consumed enough cucumber pollen to interfere with pollination. 


Livestock Insects: MOSQUITOES (Culiseta spp. and Aedes spp.) annoyed dairy 
cattle in pastures, as did BLACK FLIES (Simulium spp.) and SNIPE FLIES. 

A LITTLE RED LOUSE was troublesome on calves. POULTRY MITES, especially 
Dermanyssus spp., were serious on flocks near Palmer. 


Household Insects: CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa complex) was a nuisance in 
farm homes in the Matanuska Valley as well as homes near Anchorage. BROWN- 
BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) was imported with household goods from 
the States. GERMAN ROACH (Blattella germanica) remained the commonest species 
in homes and buildings. VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) were numerous enough 
to be annoying for the first time in several years. SILVERFISH (Lepisma 
saccharina) and FIREBRAT (Thermobia domestica) were numerous in old buildings 
using steam heat. 


SOSA 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 
ALASKA 


Prepared by Richard H. Washburn 


Forage Crop Insects: MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was numerous 
in the Southeast portion of the Territory. RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) 
severely damaged several hundred acres of grain near Palmer. CATERPILLARS 
infested lupine seed pods and oxytropus pods. Unidentified DIPTEROUS larvae 
damaged red clover heads in the Matanuska Valley. An APHID (Hyalopterus 
atriplicis), a transmitter of the yellow dwarf viruses group, heavily infested 
lambsquarters in the interior for the second sucessive year. COLLEMBOLA and 
LEAFHOPPERS heavily infested a grass nursery at a Matanuska farm. 


Small Fruit Insects: STRAWBERRY ROOT WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus ovatus) severely 
damaged a strawberry patch in Anchorage. This weevil was probably introduced 
from the States with the plants. APHIDS were numerous on everbearing straw- 
berries near Palmer and BLACK ARMY CUTWORM (Actebia fennica) severely damaged 
strawberries and rhubarb in the Knik and Soldotna areas. A WEEVIL (Lepidophorus 
lineaticollis) damaged strawberry fruits near Wasilla. 


Vegetable Insects: Cutworms were the most destructive in several years, 
seriously damaging all garden vegetables except potatoes. The main species 
involved were RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) and BLACK ARMY CUTWORM 
(Actebia fennica). TURNIP MAGGOT (Hylemya floralis) was serious in most 
cruciferous crops and SEED-CORN MAGGOT (H. cilicrura) was active in increased 
incidence of black-leg of potatoes in the Matanuska Valley. WIREWORMS were 
not as severe in potatoes as in 1957. A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca filamenta) was 
not as numerous on potatoes as in 1957 though still present in the Palmer area. 


Ornamental Insects: A BIRCH APHID (Euceraphis betulae) heavily infested white 
birch throughout Alaska, being especially severe in specimen trees. A STINK 
BUG (Elasmostethus interstinctus) was very numerous on cottonwood. 


Greenhouse Insects: CUTWORMS defoliated peppers and burrowed in tomatoes in 
greenhouses in the Palmer area. A WHITEFLY (Trialeurodes sp.) was common on 
fuchsia in a florist greenhouse near Palmer. APHIDS were common in most 
greenhouses, especially on egg plant and peppers. 


Household Insects: VESPID WASPS were extremely numerous and annoying, with 
Many nests in homes and outbuildings. CLOTHES MOTHS (Tinea sp. and Tineola sp.) 
were common in homes. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa complex) was numerous in 
homes in the Anchorage area. 


=O 3io) = 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


’ 


CITRUS LEAF MINER (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) 


Economic Importance: Citrus plants are sometimes seriously hampered by attacks 
of Phyllocnistis citrellla in citrus-growing areas of Asia, especially the 

young tender shoots and leaves of 
plantation plants and young nursery 
stock. Injury is caused by larval 
mining which results in the killing 

of large amounts of tissue. When the 
mines become excessive in number, growth 
of the plant stops, though an infesta- 
tion seldom causes the death of the tree. 
The mines have been reported as points 
of citrus canker infection in some 

areas where the disease occurs. 


Distribution: Occurs throughout 
tropical Asia; being recorded in India, 
Ceylon, East Pakistan, Burma, Thailand, 
Malaya, Indonesia, Indochina, China, 
Korea, Japan, Formosa, Netherlands New 
Guinea, Philippines, Loochoo Ids. , 
Mariana Ids. and western Caroline Ids. 
Records in the literature from Cape 
Town, South Africa and the Northern 
Territory of Australia seem of doubtful 
accuracy Since subsequent confirmatory 
records have not been found. 


Characteristic Mines in Leaf 


Hosts: Citrus is the principal host. Also attacks baelfruit, curryleaftree and 
Arabian jasmine in India and kumquat in Japan. 


General Distribution of Citrus Leaf Miner 


(Lyonetiidae, Lepidoptera) No. 65 of Series 


— 936 = 


Life History and Habits: The eggs are laid singly, 2 or 3 per leaf, on either 
surface but usually on the underside near the midrib. During the summer, 
hatching takes place in about 3 days. The young larvae enter the leaf tissue 
and feed as leaf miners without coming to the surface during their development 
which takes 5 or 6 days. Typical injury consists of irregularly twisted 
galleries containing a brownish excrement. The epidermis over the galleries 
appears as a Silvery film. Most of the mines are found on the upper surface of 
the leaf in the more humid and tropical areas. When larval feeding ceases, the 
epidermis of the leaf and opposing tissues are forced apart by the rolling and 
arching action of the larva thus forming a pupal chamber. The portion of the 
cocoon visible has a distinct orange 
cast. Emergence takes place in about 
6 days, usually during the early 
morning hours. The adults are nocturnal 
and seldom seen. Populations are 
lowest from December to February and 
greatest from March to May and September 
to November in the Punjab of India. 
This species passes the winter solely as 
an adult. Approximately 6 generations a 
year are produced in southern Japan. 


Description: The adults are very small, 
silvery-white with pale-yellow markings, 
and a black spot at the tip of each 

forewing. They are seldom noticed with 
the naked eye. Eggs are about 0.27 mm. 


or covering. The mature larva is 
cylindrical, dull-yellow in color. The 
larval head is small. It has a pair of 
Larval and Pupal Forms of Phyllocnistis antennae terminating in two rounded 
citrella - (A)Mature Larva, (B)Prepupa, lobes and rudimentary mouth parts with 
(C)Male Pupa, (D)Female Pupa, (E) Man- the exception of the spinnarets. The 
dible of Larva, (F)Pupal Head Prong earlier larval stages are pale greenish- 

yellow and have modified mothparts for 

sap-feeding. The later larval stages 
are similar in form, though the head and thoracic segments of the earlier stages 
are proportionately larger. The pupa is pale-yellow inside the cocoon, and has 
a stout curved prong on its head and heavy spines on the abdomen which are used 
in emergence. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other 
ARS agencies and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8(45) 11-7-58 


Adult Female of Phyllocnistis citrella (Enlarged 25 times) 


Figures (except map) from Clausen, C. P. 1931. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bul. 
252), s35pp. 


in length, flat, and without sculpturing 


MORMON CRICKET ADULT SURVEY - FALL 1958 


A) 


(gens nat ahs SNe Catron eyioiieht aie 


| 


ee eis 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION = 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 November 14, 1958 Number 46 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


CORN LEAF APHID counts high in late grain sorghum in southern Oklahoma and on 
barley in Monterey County, California. (p. 939). 


CABBAGE LOOPER severe on lettuce in Imperial County, California, and building 
up on same crop in Eddy County, New Mexico. (p. 940). 


Haptoncus luteolus populations on figs high in Madera and Fresno Counties, 


California. (p. 940). 


PINK BOLLWORM heavy in green bolls in southern Dona Ana County, New Mexico. 
(p. 941). 


INSECT DETECTION: A Scale new to Oklahoma. (p. 942). 
CORRECTIONS. (p. 943). 
SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - UTAH —- 1958. (p. 944). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 949). 


DK A FE 2 2 ek 2 es ke I ke ke 2 I IE 2 2K IC 2 KK 2 2K a aK 2k > 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 7, unless otherwise 
designated. 


9380 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 10 


A succession of changes in the weather occurred as pressure systems swept 
across the Nation during the week. These changes mostly affected the more 
northern States, but at times spread into Southern areas except the Southwest. 
Dry weather persisted from southern California and southwestern Arizona 
eastward over the southern Great Plains. The High Plains of Texas have had no 
significant rain for over a month. Temperatures over most of the country 
averaged higher than for the previous week. This was especially noticeable in 
Texas and the Rocky Mountain and Pacific States. Saturday and Sunday's 
temperatures equaled or exceeded previous records for so late in the fall at 
West Palm Beach, Florida (90° on the 8th equaled previous record) , Winnemucca, 
Nevada (75° on the 9th), and Salt Lake City,Utah (74° on the 9th). Brisk winds 
accompanied a series of disturbances inland over the Pacific Northwest and 
Northern Interior. Precipitation fell on most days in the Pacific Northwest 
and Idaho. Monday brought damaging winds to the Pacific Northwest. Blowing 
dust was raised at Idaho Falls, Idaho, and gusts of 64 m.p.h. occurred at 
Livingston, Montana. On Tuesday, this energetic disturbance joined a weather 
front extending from northern California to N. Dakota. It brought damaging 
winds to Wyoming, where Sheridan reported peak gusts of 86 m.p.h. The arrival 
of chilling winds dropped temperatures to freezing in a few hours. In South 
Dakota, western Nebraska and Kansas these winds whipped up dust early Tuesday 
evening and on Wednesday gusts rose to 63 m.p.h. at Mason City, Iowa, and 
extended over much of the Midwest. On Thursday morning cold, dry air poured 
across the Appalachians and brisk westerly and northwesterly winds swept into 
the North Atlantic States. On Friday, Ohio had its coldest temperatures of 
the season. More high winds occurred the latter part of the week in the 
northern Great Plains, northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest. Blizzard 
conditions impeded traffic in the northern mountian passes of Colorado. 


Freezing temperatures over much of the same area as the previous week extended 
further southward into parts of northern Louisiana and northern Georgia. 
Generally, temperatures for the week averaged 3° or more above normal north of 
a line joining southeastern Arizona and upper Michigan, while elsewhere 
averages ranged from near normal to about 3° below normal. Most of the 

country had less than one-half inch of precipitation. The larger weekly totals 
exceeded 3 inches in parts of Florida and west of the Cascade Mountains. 
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


93 9) 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - CALIFORNIA - Survey completed by County, State and Federal 
personnel indicated potential population of 7 or more grasshoppers per square 
yard can be expected to infest approximately 4,523,300 acres of grassland 

under normal conditions in 1959. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Sept.). NEW MEXICO - Damaged 
borders of winter wheat fields adjacent to non-cultivated fields. About 

10,000 acres replanted in Curry County, farmers preferring this to attempting 
controls. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). UTAH - Largely Melanoplus spp. are especially 
numerous in mountians south of Mantua, Box Elder County. (Knowlton). 


EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) - ARKANSAS - Infestations in south- 
western counties much lower than other counties, since these counties were 
infested for first time in 1958: (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). VIRGINIA - Density survey 
in 20 northern and southwestern counties showed an average of 252 borers per 

100 stalks, with 80 percent of stalks examined being infested. The 1957 figures 
were 117 borers per 100 stalks and 63 percent of examined stalks infested. 
(Morris). OKLAHOMA - Survey of some corn fields in Nowata, Tulsa and Payne 
Counties failed to show presence of infestations. (Arbuthnot). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 4-10 per head in a 
few fields of late grain sorghums in southern areas. (VanCleave). 


TERMITES - VIRGINIA - Unidentified species found hollowing out corn stalks in 
Nansemond County and causing stalks to break over in late October. (Matheny). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged as high as 
1,000 per head in a few fields of late grain sorghum in southern part of State. 
(VanCleave). TEXAS - Heavy and damaged Sudan grass in Frio County. (Harding) . 
CALIFORNIA - Heavy on barley in Soledad area, Monterey County. (McLean). 


WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Light to medium in barley and 
oat fields in Madison County. (Garrett). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - UTAH - Ranged scarce to moderate on Cache County 
alfalfa. (Knowlton). KANSAS - Numbered about 50 per sweep at Hays, Ellis 
County, November 1. (Harvey). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 10-25 per 
sweep ‘in southern and south central alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). UTAH - 
Scarce to moderate on alfalfa in Cache County. (Knowlton). ILLINOIS - 
Collected in Union County, but exact population counts were not made. 

(111. Ins. Rpt.). KANSAS - Numbered about 50 per sweep at Hays, Ellis County, 
November 1. (Harvey). 


TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-2.5 per sweep in 
southern and south central alfalfa fields. (Van Cleave). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - MASSACHUSETTS - Larvae ranged 0-110 and 
adults 0-3 per 100 sweeps in Worcester County, October 3. Heaviest infestation 
at Dudley. Larvae ranged 14-37 per 100 sweeps in Norfolk County on same date; 
O-1 in Hampshire County, October 6; and 0-24 in Barnstable County, October 8. 
Adults averaged 0-2 per 100 sweeps and larvae O in Berkshire County, October 10, 
which is unusual in that this is one of the areas of original infestation. 
(Lavigne, Shaw). DELAWARE - Larvae in some alfalfa fields in Kent and New 
Castle Counties. Adults averaged 1-2 per 10 sweeps in several Kent County 
alfalfa fields. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) - DELAWARE - In red clover in 
New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


- 940 - 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MASSACHUSETTS - Adults ranged 0-2 

per 100 sweeps in Worcester County and 0-9 in Norfolk County, October 3; 

0-9 in Barnstable County, October 8; and 1-32 in Berkshire County on October 10. 
Adult fall population in extremely light. Many dead specimens were observed 

in the field attacked by Beauveria bassiana. (Lavigne, Shaw). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - OKLAHOMA - 
Averaged 0.4-2 per sweep in southern and south central alfalfa fields. 
(VanCleave). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Common to prevalent in some 
alfalfa fields in Kent and New Castle Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 
0.5-1 per sweep in alfalfa fields in the southern and south central parts of 
the State. (VanCleave).. 


GRANULATE CUTWORM (Feltia subterranea) - CALIFORNIA - Continued a major pest 
of lawns in many locations in State and remained heavy in dichondra lawns in 
San Diego, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WHITE GRUBS .- NEW MEXICO - Light and damaged fescue lawns at Las Cruces, 
Dona Ana County. (N. Mex. Coop. Rpt.). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on citrus 
at Sanger, Fresno County, and light on an orange tree in Fillmore, Ventura 
County. (Cal Coop] Rpt»). 


A VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila melanogaster) - CALIFORNIA - Occurred in extremely 
larger numbers in fig orchards and dry yards than ever before experienced in 
Merced and Fresno Counties. Late-season warm weather is considered responsible. 
(Fig Institute). 


Fig Insects in California - Haptoncus luteolus far outnumbered Carpophilus 
hemipterus this season. Normally it is only 3-5 percent of the population 
but this season it ran 30-40 percent of populations infesting figs in Madera 
and Fresno Counties. (Fig Institute). 


SMALL CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio auriger) - VIRGINIA - Damaged chestnuts on 
trees on a Franklin County farm. Det. W. H. Anderson. (Rowell, Tucker). 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) - TEXAS - Light and attacked pecan 
trees near Greenville, Hunt County. (Davis). 


RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - OKLAHOMA ~- Populations in Payne 
County brambles appear lower than in last 3 years. (Bieberdorf) . 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - CALIFORNIA - Severe in lettuce plantings 
in the El Centro area, Imperial County. (Swift). DELAWARE - On cabbage in 
area of Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). NEW MEXICO - Again building up in 
lettuce fields in Eddy County. Damage as high as 30 percent in some Dona Ana 


County fields. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


ak 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Present on cabbage in New 
Castle County. Prevalent to abundant on cabbage and cauliflower in area of 
Kent County, with heavy feeding on younger heads. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - On brussel sprouts in New Castle County 
and one field of cabbage in Kent County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


A LEAF MINER (Liriomyza sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Caused heavy mining of cauliflower 
plants in Watsonville area, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Oct. 31). 


BEAN LEAF ROLLER (Urbanus proteus) - FLORIDA - Larvae averaged 2-4 per plant 
in 10 acres of snap beans in an abandoned field at Hague, Alachua County. 
Det. W. P. Hunter. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - 
Present on spinach and carrots in Kent and New Castle Counties. (Burputis, 
Conrad) . 


A LEAFHOPPER (Ollarianus strictus) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on asparagus 
plantings at El Centro, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON INSECTS 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Heavy in green bolls 
on about 300 acres and moderately heavy on 700 additional acres in southern 
Dona Ana County. Cotton gin lint cleaner insepctions of 54 gins in 5 counties 
revealed 336 pink bollworms from a total of 30,546 ginned bales. (N. M. 

Coop. Rpt.). 


WHITEFLIES - CALIFORNIA - Check of cotton fields in Mt. Signal-McCabe areas 
and Bard Valley, Imperial County, showed generally low population. Check of 
crumple leaf conditions in these areas showed that losses in yield of cotton 
previously reported as severe (CEIR 8(40):851) could not be substantiated 
at this time. Symptoms were readily found in most fields checked, with one 
stub cotton field showing nearly 100 percent infestation, while other fields 
showed 10-85 percent infected plants. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Oct. 24). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


A SAWFLY (Neodiprion sp.) - NORTH CAROLINA - Large numbers of adults observed 
in area of Granville County where there was a severe outbreak in May 1958. 
Mating and oviposition observed and apparently has just begun as limited 
numbers of eggs were seen in needles. Four to 10 adults were swarming at 

6-8 foot trees and large numbers in larger trees. (Jones, Farrier). 


A NITIDULID (Carpophilus sp.) - NEW MEXICO - Very abundant in chrysanthemums 
and roses in Dona Ana and Luna Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - TEXAS - Heavy on several ornamentals 
in Brazos County (Garner) and light to medium in Cherokee County (Chandler). 


EUONYMUS SCALE (Unaspis euonymi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on euonymus plants in 
Menlo Park, San Mateo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


= 942; i= 


SCALE INSECTS - FLORIDA - Crypthemichionaspis ulmi (?) collected on elm at 
Sanford, Seminole County, May 28. Det. H. Morrison. If positive determination 
is obtained, this will constitute a new State record for this scale. (Fla. 
Coop. Sur.). OKLAHOMA - Aspidiotus pseudospinosus collected September 26 

on Ilex sp. at Tulsa, Tulsa County, and October 1 on Amaranthus sp. in a store 
at Edmond, Oklahoma County, is new to the State. (Apt). 


APHIDS - NEW MEXICO - Rhopalosiphum rufomaculatum and Macrosiphoniella 
sanborni heavy on chrysanthemums in Dona Ana County. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


THRIPS - NEW MEXICO - Light in roses and chayeen themums in southern counties. 
(N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 25-75 per head of cattle 
in southern and south central parts of State. (VanCleave). 


A HORSE BOT FLY (Gasterophilus sp.) - OKLAHOMA - Egg laying light to medium 
on horses in southern part of State. (VanCleave). 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - MISSISSIPPI - Positive case reported 
from a farm at Port Gibson, Claiborne County, October 28. (Pate). 


A CATTLE LOUSE (Solenopotes capillatus) - VIRGINIA - Medium to heavy on dairy 
heifers in herd at Blacksburg, Montgomery County. (Turner) . 


BENNEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - VIRGINIA - Soldier beetle larvae in large numbers around a home 

in Botetourt County (Morris, Leonard) and in large numbers around yards and 
houses and in hay fields in Essex County (Amos, Richardson). Arilus cristatus 
collected in Spotsylvania and Floyd Counties. (Morris, Kash, Talley) 

OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 0.5-1l1 per sweep in alfalfa in 
southern and south central areas, Nabis sp. 0.2-0.8 and lacewings 0.2-0.5. 
(VanCleave). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - NORTH DAKOTA - Two new home 
infestations reported from Fargo, Cass County. Spread continues in the 
State: (NOD. Ins} Rpt.) 


ORIENTAL COCKROACH (Blatta orientalis) - NORTH DAKOTA - Reported in a home at 
Linton, Emmons County. (N. D. Ins. Rpt.). 


CASEMAKING CLOTHES MOTH (Tinea pellionella) - TEXAS - Larvae caused damage 
to carpets in homes in Corpus Christi, Nueces County. (Reynolds). 


A LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus sp.) - OREGON - Damaged wooden furnishings in a home 
in Portland, Multnomah County. (Capizzi). 


A WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) - OREGON - Entered homes and caused 
concern to residents in Portland, Multnomah County, and Oregon City, Clackamas 
County. (Capizzi). 


=1 943) — 


A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE - UTAH - Infesting a home at Vernal, Uintah County. 
(Knowlton) . 


CORRECTIONS 


CEIR 8(43) :902 - Delete Alypiodes geronimo (Barnes): species has been recorded 
from Arizona. 


CEIR 8(43) :908 - Change family name from Phalaenidae to Noctuidae following 
Plusia chalcites (Esp.) and Spodoptera mauritia (Bdv.). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea 

ARKANSAS 

Fayetteville 10/9-29 6 2 at 278 

Kelso 10/9-29 14 14 ro) a 226 

Morrilton 10/9-29 69 154 228 
FLORIDA 

Gainesville 10/29-11/4 2 3 

Quincy 10/21-27 1 2 
INDIANA (Counties) 

Orange 10/18-21 22 60 2 25 2 7, 

Tippecanoe 10/23-30 18 19 Gi 11 
LOUISIANA 

Baton Rouge 10/24-11/6 62 62 4 3 (00) 174 46 

Franklin 10/28-11/3 2 2 5 it 
MISSISSIPPI 

*xState College 10/25-11/7 24 31 1 1 11 110 
NEBRASKA 

Alliance 10/6-26 127 6 15 al 67 

North Platte 10/10-30 1814 916 5 287 445 2685 

Scotts Bluff 10/14-11/3 276 55 66 52 
SOUTH CAROLINA 

Charleston10/27-11/9 39 38 4 1 10 2 6 

Clemson 10/25-31 5 11 i 1 3 1 

Florence 10/26-11/1 20 10 4 1 1 il! 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Blount 10/21-11/3 6 6 al 2 3 

Cumberland 10/21-11/3 ALi7/ 88 ak 3 2 1 37 

Greene 10/21-27 26 15 4 al 4 2 13 

Johnson 10/21-11/3 16 akal 3 7 3 1 12 

Madison 10/21-11/3 10 ial 27 3 21 

Maury 10/21-11/3 49 46 7 4 8 2 19 

Robertson 10/21-11/3 36 66 ©) 4 6 20 48 
TEXAS 

Waco 10/25-31 U7 12 55 1198 36 


*Two traps - State College 


- 944 - 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 


Reported by G. F. Knowlton, D. W. Davis, H. E. Dorst, 
H. F. Thornley, B. A. Haws and County Agricultural Agents 


The season of 1958 was one of extreme insect and mite activity. Beet leafhopper 
and the curly-top virus disease were responsible for the loss of approximately 
85 percent of the tomatoes planted in the State. In addition it reduced sugar 
beet tonnages measurably and killed out large acreages of other susceptible 
crops. False chinch bugs were the most abundant and general they had been in 
35 years. Pea aphid and spider mites were especially damaging to deciduous 
tree fruits, berry crops, shade trees and ornamentals. Lygus bugs, alfalfa 
weevil, forest tent caterpillar, Say stink bug, thrips on grains and alfalfa, 
codling moth, peach twig borer, corn earworm, mites on corn, many aphids in 
spring, and pea aphid all season, rose and Virginia-creeper leafhoppers, 

white grubs in lawns, cattle lice, house flies, mosquitoes and boxelder bug 
were among the species much more damaging than normal. 


Cereal and Forage Insects: GRASSHOPPERS caused substantial crop and range 
losses, estimated at $570,420. Considerable control resulted in an estimated 
saving of $345,850. Control was carried out in cropland largely by farmers, 
ranchers, orchardists and home gardeners. The most damaging grasshopper 
species were Melanoplus bilituratus, M. bivittatus, M. femur-rubrun, 

M. packardi, M. borealis, Camnula pellucida and Aulocara elliotti. Cooperative 
programs controlled grasshoppers over an area of 110,000 acres, in protecting 
an estimated 340,000 acres. MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) was aircraft 
baited and controlled over 26,258 acres of rangelands in San Juan, Piute and 
Uintah Counties, in time to prevent economic losses. A total of 11,150 acres 
were infested at egg-laying time, threatening outbreaks during 1959. 

SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) caused most serious damage to 
alfalfa crops over the southern one-half of the State, with some control in 
Washington and Millard Counties. Estimated loss of alfalfa hay, seed and new 
plantings is placed at $95,000 compared with an estimated $780,000 loss during 
1955, $500,000 loss in 1956 and $165,000 loss in 1957. The aphid moved 
northward as far as Tooele, Salt Lake, Carbon and Emery Counties. PEA APHID 
(Macrosiphum pisi) caused substantial losses of forage alfalfa hay and reduced 
seed production in several areas. Many outbreaks developed in spring and early 
summer and damage continued until late fall. Injury to canning peas was light 
generally. LYGUS BUGS (largely Lygus elisus, L. hesperus and L. desertus) 
were very abundant on seed alfalfa and seed beet crops in most areas, 
resulting in economic losses wherever control was delayed or omitted. 

SUPERB PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris superbus) was in normal numbers in alfalfa. 
SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) has spread to all counties of Utah, 
except Daggett County. Damage was less conspicuous than during 1954 and 1955. 
ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) caused severe damage to much untreated alfalfa 
acreage. Benefit from control is estimated to exceed $560,000. ALFALFA 
CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) caused local crop injury in several 
counties. A TORTRICID (Tortrix pallorana) caused scattered seed crop injury, 
largely in northern areas. ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) damaged 
less alfalfa and range plants in spring than normal. WESTERN YELLOW-STRIPED 
ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) damage to some alfalfa, tomato and truck crops in 
Cache, Box Elder, Weber, Davis and Millard Counties was estimated at $84,000. 
Damage by P. ornithogalli occurred in many southern and south central areas. 


OA Ow 


VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) caused local damage to alfalfa in 
Juab, Piute and Millard Counties. ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) 
caused scattered, moderate damage. BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) was less 
damaging, particularly after spring rains ended. Damage was most severe in 
Juab and San Juan Counties. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) caused 
damage to spring barley in several counties. Injury to corn was light. An 
ORCHARD GRASS APHID (Hyalopteroides dactylidis) damaged this grass in local 
areas. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) caused less than normal 
damage to small grains. SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) was general 
but not economic. MIRIDS (largely Stenotus binotatus and Leptopterna ferrugatus) 
damaged grasses and small grains in local areas. SAY STINK BUG (Chlorochroa 
sayi) caused very extensive damage to small grains and to alfalfa seed 
crops, estimated to exceed $1,000,000. Repeated migrations were noted about the 
State from May into early September. A FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius sp.) was 
extremely numerous on range and about alfalfa and grain fields, roadsides, etc. 
CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused extensive damage to sweet corn and moderate 
to serious injury to field corn throughout Utah. Infestations varied from 
80 to 100 percent where no control was applied. Mite damage to corn was 
unusually severe over much of the State. Local injury occurred from wheat 
straw-worm, wireworms, false wireworms, corn sap beetles, thrips and flea beetles 
in scattered localities. WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) 
caused usual damage to range and forage crop lands CLOVER SEED CHALCID 
(Bruchophagus gibbus) caused approximately normal economic damage. CLOVER SEED 
WEEVIL (Miccotrogus picirostris) was found in Cache County, apparently new to 
the State. 


Fruit Insects: Aphid infestations on fruits generally were above normal. 
WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) , A LEAF-CURL APHID (Anuraphis 
helichrysi) , ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) and GREEN APPLE APHID 

(Aphis pomi) were conspicuously damaging in many localities. CODLING MOTH 
(Carpocapsa pomonella) infestations in well-sprayed orchards sometimes ran 
five to twenty percent; unsprayed or poorly sprayed orchards often were 

100 percent "'wormy"'. SPIDER MITES were commonly severe in apple and pear 
orchards and on raspberry and red currant crops. Bryobia praetiosa complex 
was generally less numerous and less damaging in orchards this season. 
Eotetranychus willamettei was present in some localities, especially on apples. 
Tetranychus mcdanieli was highly injurious in many apple and sour cherry 
orchards in Weber and Box Elder Counties. It caused severe damage to 
raspberry and red currant foliage in a number of counties. Panonychus ulmi 
was well above normal in northern orchards. Tetranychus canadensis infested a 
few orchards. PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) was extremely damaging, 
particularly to a few large orchards in Utah County. PEACH SILVER MITE 
(Vasates cornutus) and A PLUM NURSERY MITE (V. fockeui) were occasionally. 
damaging, especially in Washington and Utah Counties. A CHERRY RUST MITE was 
sometimes injurious in Utah County. Mite injury, in general, was very much 
above average in orchards and berry patches. LEAFHOPPERS often varied from 
numerous to abundant on apple, plum and prune, and in fall on raspberries in 
some localities. A GEMINATE LEAFHOPPER (Colladonus geminatus) again was low 
in numbers in alfalfa fields and orchards. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus 
perniciosus) was locally damaging. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) caused 
moderate to sometimes severe damage to cherry, pear and plum foliage. 
CALIFORNIA PRIONUS (Prionus californicus) damaged roots of some fruit trees 

in northern counties. CATFACING INSECTS caused moderate damage. Damage to 
ripe fruits by BOXELDER BUG (Leptocoris trivittata) was well above normal in 
northern and central Utah. PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) and 
WESTERN PEACH TREE BORER (Ss. e. graefi) caused general damage to stone fruit 
orchards throughout the State. PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) caused 
above average damage quite generally to fruits and twigs. PEAR THRIPS 
(Taeniothrips inconsequens) was moderately numerous in cherry and pear 
orchards in spring. CHERRY FRUITWORM (Grapholitha packardi) was not common in 


- 946 - 


cherries this season. CLIMBING CUTWORMS damaged occasional orchards in Box 
Elder, Salt Lake and Weber Counties, with scattered local damage elsewhere. 

SHOT HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) caused local damage, especially in weakened 
cherry, apricot and peach trees. WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) again 
caused economic damage to the English walnut crop at Ogden, and appeared for 

the first time in black walnuts at Provo. WESTERN GRAPE LEAF SKELETONIZER 
(Harrisina brillians) was again almost completely controlled by insect parasites 
and predators. GRAPE BERRY MOTH (Paralobesia viteana) damaged grapes in a few 
Washington County vineyards. Several species of CURRANT APHIDS caused about 
normal damage with above normal injury to red currant foliage by Capitophorus 
ribis. CURRANT FRUIT FLY (Epochra canadensis) generally infested black and 
yellow currants. A CURRANT PSYLLID was common but rarely severe. MAGGOTS again 
produced galls in chokecherry fruits in Logan, Blacksmith Fork, Ogden, Parleys 
and Bountiful Canyons. ROSE STEM GIRDLER (Agrilus rubicola) and RASPBERRY ROOT 
BORER (Bembecia marginata) damaged a number of raspberry patches in Box Elder, 
Salt Lake, Utah and Davis Counties. STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana 
fragariae) caused above normal injury, especially in north central counties. 
STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) larvae killed some new raspberry 
plants, damaged a large number of red currant canes at Huntington and many 
dewberry canes at Providence. ROOT WEEVILS (Brachyrhinus ovatus, B. 
rugosostriatus and sometimes B. sulcatus) damaged untreated strawberry patches 
commonly, with moderate injury to roots of raspberry, some other cane fruits 

and occasionally roses and privet hedge at Springville. 


Nut Insects: WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) caused moderate damage 
in the Ogden area and late in the season was found in black walnut husks at 
Provo. APHIDS severely infested pecans in southern Utah, English walnuts at 
Moab and were moderate elsewhere. A FILBERT APHID caused its usual infestation 
to filberts. Moderate MITE injury to nut tree foliage was sometimes noted. 


Truck Crop Insects: TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) population was very low. 
A "Statement of Outlook" was issued on July 28th, to canners and canning crop 
growers. This indicated that the tomato fruitworm infestation would be light 
and insecticide applications to tomatoes not warranted. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis 
zea) was serious on early market corn, so canning corn growers were informed 
that an increase in infestation was expected by mid-August. It was indicated 
that insecticide applications would be warranted, particularly in Utah County. 
Approximately 50 percent of the northern canning corn acreage was treated, 

70 percent in Utah County, where one canning company applied insecticides to 
about 2000 acres. Control started in July and continued into early September. 
Damage was severe to late season canning corn. The infestation was the 

highest it has been since 1952. One hundred percent infestation was common 
when not controlled. TOMATO RUSSET MITE (Vasates lycopersici) was not damaging. 
LYGUS BUGS (predominantly Lygus elisus) were very abundant on sugar beet seed 
crops in southern and northern areas in spring of 1958. This and SAY STINK 
BUG were comtrolled on all southern seed beet plantings and on a portion of the 
acreage in northern Utah. The late winter population of BEET LEAFHOPPER 
(Circulifer tenellus) and host plant area was large in northern Mexico, 
southwestern Arizona, southeastern California, southern Nevada and southern 
Utah. A "Statement of Outlook" was issued February 27, and substantiated in 
the Report of April 11, that the expected movement of the beet leafhopper in 
late April and May would be approximately 1500 times larger than in 1957 and 

30 times larger than in 1952. The movement started May 6. Population on sugar 
beets averaged 1.0 leafhopper per square foot of beet row by May 15. It 
increased to 8 leafhoppers per foot of beet row the last week of May and first 
week of June. Populations were the highest since the destrucitve outbreak of 
1926. Damage to tomatoes, sugar beets, potatoes, beans, cucumbers, squash 

and other susceptible crops is estimated to well exceed $1,000,000. Some 
potato fields intended for seed certification could not be certified due to 
beet leafhopper transmitted curly-top disease. VINEGAR FLY (Drosophila 


OAs 


melanogaster) population in tomato fields was lower than 1957, until mid- 
September and early October, when the population became heavy. Heaviest 
populations originated near orchards where substantial fruit droppings occurred 
or where culled fruit was discarded. APHIDS were about normal on vegetable 
crops in spring, below normal in mid-summer. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles 
fascifrons) , and A LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca filamenta) caused occasional damage in 
local areas. Melons in southern Utah were damaged by large populations of the 
latter species. A BLACK FLEA BEETLE again damaged sweet corn throughout the 
season in Washington County. Some damage occurred in other southern counties, 
and in a few spots farther north. FLEA BEETLE damage generally was moderate 

to normal in gardens, with an occasional potato and sugar beet field severely 
attacked. MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) damage to cucumbers, squash and 
cantaloups was below normal. DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) caused 
local injury to sweet corn in Utah County and in many other communities, 
largely in home gardens. Damage was greatest in southern and south central 
counties. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) caused less than normal injury. SEED- 
CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) injury was occasionally severe in Washington 
County, usually normal elsewhere. ONION MAGGOT (H. antiqua) injury was common. 
CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) damage was light on corn. TWO-SPOTTED 
SPIDER MITE damage sometimes was severe on canning and home garden sweet corn, 
being worse in some areas of field corn. Damaged celery in Box Elder County 
was conspicuous in the fall. POTATO TUBERWORM (Gnorimoschema operculella) was 
scarce in Washington and Iron Counties. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa 
decemlineata) was more generally damaging in Weber and Davis Counties, and 
locally at Kanab. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) caused conspicuous 
damage in a number of northern and central counties. PEA WEEVIL (Bruchus 
pisorum) was numerous, requiring general control on canning peas. Spider 
mites, thrips and aphids caused some damage to beans. SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE 
(Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) and STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma 
vittata) caused moderate damage to susceptible crops, particularly in southern 
Utah. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) and SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE 

(C. duodecimpunctata) caused normal damage in northern and some central 
counties. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) injury to onions was common. CUTWORM 
damage was common in spring but lower during mid and late-summer. WESTERN 
YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia praefica) caused damage to tomatoes, beets 
and home gardens in a number of northern localities, usually when larvae 
migrated from heavily infested alfalfa fields. HORNWORMS (Protoparce spp.) 
caused spotted, sometimes conspicuous damage to tomatoes and potatoes. IMPORTED 
CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) damage was normal, with CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia 
ni) injury above average. GARDEN CENTIPEDE attacked home gardens and 
occasionally commercial crops in scattered central and northern localities. 


Shade Tree Insects: FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) caused 
extensive damage to foliage of maples, poplars, willows and other shade 

trees and also to ornamentals, especially in northern areas. APHIDS on shade 
trees were unusually troublesome during spring. A COTTONWOOD BLOTCH LEAF 
MINER (Paraleucoptera albella) caused much less conspicuous damage in the 
Sevier-Piute County area, along the Sevier River and Clear Creek Canyon. 

Leaf miners conspicuously infested quaking aspen foliage in a number of 
northern mountain areas, but less extensive damage occurred than in 1956 and 
1957, while poplar and cottonwood leaf miner infestations were noted in 
scattered communities. A BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Archips negundana) caused only 
local damage. BOXELDER PSYLLID (Psylla negundinis) generally was moderate. 
NORWAY-MAPLE APHID (Periphyllus lyropictus), A LEAF-CURL ASH APHID (Prociphilus 
fraxinifoliae) and several other aphids caused less than normal damage to shade 
trees. Willows and narrow leaf poplars were sometimes severely infested with 
aphids, with POPLAR VAGABOND APHID (Mordwilkoja vagabunda) serious in parts of 
the Uintah Basin. GREAT BASIN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragilis) caused 
below normal injury in Washington, Kane and San Juan Counties to poplars and 
other susceptible trees and shrubs. COOLEY SPRUCE GALL APHID (Chermes cooleyi) 


i048 


caused below normal damage. LOCUST BORER (Megacyllene robiniae) damage 
increased in Salt Lake County, killing and damaging many trees. LEAFHOPPER 
injury to elms was above normal. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi) caused 
extensive injury especially to ash, poplar, willows and lilacs. A MITE 
(Eotetranychus weldoni) caused substantial injury to weeping willow and black 
willow foliage. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) was particularly 
destructive to elm foliage in Salt Lake and Weber Counties. 


Insects of Ornamentals: LEAFHOPPERS (Erythroneura ziczac, E. elegans and spp.) 
again extensively damaged Virginia creeper foliage during late summer and 

fall in many communities. Leaves frequently were brown and dead before late 
August. ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) discolored foliage of cultivated 
roses generally, becoming numerous on spirea in fall in some nothern localities. 
SPIREA APHID (Aphis spiraecola) , POTATO APHID (Macrosiphum solanifolii), ROSE 
APHID (M. rosae) and other aphids were among those which injured ornamentals 
during the season. JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli) caused severe damage in 
some parts of Box Elder, Emery and Salt Lake Counties. A WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS 
was again abundant in most cultivated and wild-flower blossoms. EUROPEAN 
EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) caused its usual widespread annoyance and some 
damage about homes and gardens over most of the State. WHITE GRUBS damaged 
numerous lawns in more counties and communities than usual. BEET LEAFHOPPER 
damage to petunia was moderate to severe in Davis and Weber Counties. 


Insects Affecting Livestock: CATTLE LICE caused extensive damage generally over 
the State with many herds being severely infested. CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma 
lineatum and H. bovis) caused substantial but normal damage. HORSE BOTS were 
common and bot flies very annoying to horses in a number of localities. 

HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) , STABLE FLY (Stomoxys calcitrans) , HORSE FLIES, 

DEER FLIES and BLOW FLIES caused common and about average annoyance to livestock. 
HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) numbers and annoyance were excessive over the 

State, expecially in late summer and fall. MOSQUITOES were troublesome in 
spring and summer, with some equine encephalitis developing in horses in 

several counties. POULTRY MITES and LICE and HOG LICE were fairly common, 
sometimes present in abundance. EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) caused local 
livestock damage in a few counties. TICKS, particularly Dermacentor 

andersoni, were numerous during spring on cattle and horses, and attacked 
persons on rangelands. A SARCOPHAGID (Wohlfahrtia opaca) larvae sometimes 
attacked livestock, kit mink and other animals. A SNIPE FLY (Symphoromyia 
hirta) seriously annoyed man and cattle in some canyons. SHEEP KED (Melophagus 
ovinus) was abundant and injurious generally, especially on lambs and in winter. 
Maggots also caused damage. 


Man and Household: HOUSE FLY was commonly very numerous throughout the State in 
cities, towns, on farms and in establishments handling food. CLUSTER FLY 
(Pollenia rudis) invaded many homes in fall. COCKROACHES infested many 
commercial establishments and various homes, apartments, motels, etc. A few 
BED'BUG infestations were noted. Clover. mite was especially troublesome in 

many counties during late winter and spring. A tiny BAGWORM (Apterona 
crenulella) infested the outside of a few northern homes, as well as ornamentals 
and fruit trees about homes, but chief damage was to range plants in Cache, 

Box Elder, Rich, Summit and Weber Counties. STORED-FOOD INSECTS in homes 

caused damage and annoyance in pantries, kitchens and to stored foods. Such 
damage extended to granaries,livestock feeds. A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE again 
damaged many homes and other buildings in various parts of the State. Termite 
damage becomes more extensive each year. BITING MIDGES were extremely trouble- 
some in many localities for a 2 to 5 week period during the summer. Some of 

the worst annoyance occurred about the Great Salt Lake, parts of Millard and Juab 
Counties. Locally elsewhere. MOSQUITOES were unusually troublesome in spring 
and in many areas throughout the season. The outbreak of encephalitis in 
northern counties caused concern about the mosquito problem, particularly in 
Davis, Weber, Salt Lake, Utah, Box Elder and Cache Counties. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER 
(Latrodectus mactans) was frequently found about homes and farm buildings. 


OA Ol 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 
LEMON BUTTERFLY (Papilio demoleus (L.)) 


Economic Importance: This papilionid is widely distributed from Africa to 
northern Australia and is sometimes a destructive pest of citrus in several 
areas, especially to young nursery plants. It also sometimes causes serious 
damage to older plants, stripping the leaves when larvae are numerous. 
Cultivated and wild citrus are considered the most important hosts, certain 
varieties being more readily attacked at different locations. Several 
subspecies of P. demoleus are known, P. d. demoleus and P. d. malayanus, 
being considered major pests in the Indian area. ie 


Distribution: Range extends from Formosa and China to Iran, Arabia and the 
whole of Africa. Also occurrs in the smaller Sunda Islands to northern 
Australia and southern New Guinea; absent from the Philippines, larger Sunda 
Islands, Celebes and the Moluccas. 


Hosts: Larval feeding occurs on leaves of cultivated and wild citrus, 
baelfruit, Chinabox jasminorange, curryleaftree, Malaytea scurfpea, atalantia, 
Malay glycosmis and common jujube. In Ceylon, larvae prefer leaves of 
Ferronia elephantum. 


General Distribution of Papilio demoleus 


(Papilionidae, Lepidoptera) No. 66 of Series 


=D O05 — 


Life History and Habits: Eggs are laid on leaves, usually singly, but 
sometimes in groups of 2 or 3. Hatching occurs in 3 days, larval feeding 
beginning almost immediately. There are usually 5 larval instars, occasionally 
only 4 occur. Pupation takes place on the underside of a leaf or against 

a stalk or twig, the supporting loop of the chrysalis rather short. Occasionally 
larvae may migrate to other plants to pupate. The butterflies have a quick, 
strong flight, rising very little above the ground. They prefer the flowers 

of citrus and Raphanus. The total life-cycle varies from 20 to 100 days in 
summer. Hibernation takes place in the pupal stage, but year-around 
reproduction is not uncommon in milder climates. Larvae throw out a red 
Y-shaped process from behind the head and emit a characteristic odor when 
distrubed. 


Description: Adults somewhat variable, depending on subspecies. Body, sides 
of head, lateral thoracic stripes pale yellow. Forewing above base dotted 

with pale yellow, dots uniting into transverse lines; large cell-patch, usually 
divided into 2 spots, at upper angle of cell 2 or 3 spots; a macular discal 
band, upper spots small and far apart, posterior ones large and usually 
contiguous; band on hindwing not interrupted; both wings with row of submarginal 
spots and small marginal lunules, hindwing with red anal spot, not tailed. 

Egg pale-yellow; about 1 mm. in diameter. Young larva blackish, large 

V-spot in middle; lateral stripe from prothorax backwards, second stripe from 
anal ‘segment forwards, milky-white; several rows of setiferous processes. 
Mature larva yellow-green above, broad-greasy white lateral band from segment 

5 to end. Greenish dorsal part of segments 2 to 5 bordered narrowly with 
curved black line which does not reach base of legs; abdomen and legs a dirty 
transparent white. Segments 8 and 9 with diagonal yellow-brown band reaching 
from center of 9 near dorsum to anterior margin of segment 8; similar patch 

at posterior lower margin of segment 1@. Prolegs large and fleshy. Length 

33 mm. width 7 mm. Pupal color variable. Length 30 mm.; width 10 mn. 
(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies 
and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8(46) 11-14-58 


Adult of Papilio demoleus demoleus (L.)) 


Figure (except map) from Talbot, G. 1939. The Fauna of British India including 
Ceylon and Burma. Butterflies. Vol. 1, 589 pp. London. 


en 


PLANT PEST CONTROL vi : 


L CONTROL Wt é 
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE — 


“AGRICULTURAL 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION — 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 


workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 November 21, 1958 Number 47 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID counts highest for year in eastern Kansas. (p. 953). 


AN AUSTRALIAN SOD FLY becoming serious pest of lawns in San Francisco, 
California. (p. 954). 


High catch of adult SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM at Charleston, South Carolina. 
(p. 955). 


WHITE-PINE SAWFLY defoliating white pine plantings near Clemson, South Carolina. 
(p. 955). 


INSECT DETECTION: Walnut husk fly taken for first time in Santa Cruz County, 
California. (p. 954). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 959). 


FICCI ICICI IR IR I RO I aK a ak ak a ak 2k ak 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 14, unless otherwise 
designated. 


= 952 = 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
MID-NOVEMBER TO MID-DECEMBER 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-November to mid-December 
calls for temperatures to average above Seasonal normals over the eastern half 
of the nation and below normal over the western half except for near normal 
along the California coast. Greatest departures are indicated in the northern 
Rocky Mountain States and the middle Appalachian area. Precipitation is expected 
to exceed normal over most areas lying between the Great Basin and the Appala- 
chians with occasional snows in the Northern Plains and Rocky Mountain States. 
Subnormal precipitation is indicated for the South Atlantic States and 
California. In unspecified areas near normal amounts are anticipated. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook”, 
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through 
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4,80 a year, $2.40 a 
half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 17 


Winter's snow and tropical heat are using our Nation for a battle ground. 
Abnormally warm weather entrenched in the Southeast spread record and near- 
record temperatures through many eastern states. Tampa, Florida, had record-high 
temperatures for so late in the year for 3 consecutive days. Records were also 
broken in Georgia, the Carolinas, Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, and 
Ohio. New England had the warmest week since mid-October. At the other extreme, 
subzero temperatures have been reported from high spots in northern Nevada and 
in the Rocky Mountain and Plains States. On Monday the 17th, record-cold ; 
temperatures for so early in November were reported from Prescott, with 9° and 
at Tucson, Arizona, and Santa Maria, California, both with 24°. Snow fell in 
most areas west of a line from the upper Mississippi Valley to western Texas 

and reached as far south as Douglas, Arizona, on the Mexican Border. Relatively 
low altitudes of the mountains of southern California had light snow flurries. 
Snow depths ranged up to 10 inches or more at Flagstaff, Arizona, and a number 
of places in more northern States, and reached nearly 3 feet in the Cascades. 
Snow spread slowly from the West into the northerly Plains States and Mississippi 
Valley and was accompanied by considerable high drifting winds, blizzard, and 
near-blizzard conditions through much of the Plains States. Drifts 3 feet deep 
occurred in parts of residential Bismarck, North Dakota, and drifts blocked 
roads in Kansas and in other States.. Snow fell at the rate of 2 inches per hour 
at some of the mountain stations in central Wyoming. On Monday the 17th, as the 
cold air pushed into Texas, peak gusts to 104 m.p.h., were reported at Childress, 
Texas. Numerous thunderstorms and some tornadoes have occurred in an area from 
southeast New Mexico to LouiSiana and north through the middle Mississippi 
Valley during the week. These are being pushed eastward by the first severe 
winter storm of the season. The middle Mississippi Valley has received good 
soaking rains, the heaviest general rains in about a month. The snows which 

had fallen earlier in the week in the Northeast with over a foot of snow there, 
had mostly melted leaving only a few patches on the ground in extreme northern 
Maine. In the Pacific Northwest, snows the first part of the week built up to 

a depth of 20 inches at Stampede Pass, Washington, this was followed by rain 
during the mid-week which melted the snows there down to a remaining depth of 

10 inches. However, still later in the week snows reappeared in the mountains, 
and by Monday morning depths up to near 3 feet were reported in the Cascades.: 
The precipitation and melting snows brought some flooding which was mostly 
limited to lowland pastures and farmlands in western Washington. Temperatures 
through Sunday in most of the area from the Plains States eastward averaged 

6° or more above normal and 12° or more above normal from north central Texas 


Weather continued on Page 958 


- 953 - 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - ALABAMA - Several species damaged crimson clover in Chambers 

and Lee Counties. (Barwood). FLORIDA - Abundant in locations of Osceola County, 
light to medium on grasses in Brevard County and on decline in Seminole and 
Hillsborough Counties. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Oct. Rpt.). TEXAS - Very light in 
Dallam and Hartley Counties. Melanoplus bilituratus attacked wheat in Hutchin- 
son County, with 4-6 adults per square yard. Marginal damage light. Eggs easily 
found in margins, but no egg laying noticed. (Russell). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - ALABAMA - Heavy on grain sorghum in Lee 
County. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1500-2000 in scattered heads in some 
fields of late grain sorghum in east central area of State. (VanCleave). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Damage averaged 20-30 percent 
in some fields of late grain sorghum in Wagoner and Muskogee Counties. 
(VanCleave). 


SORGHUM WEBWORM (Celama sorghiella) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-3 per head in some 
fields of late grain sorghum in east central part of State. (VanCleave). 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum): - MARYLAND - Damaged young orchard grass seedlings 
at Clarksville, Howard County. Det. L. M. Russell. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 
OKLAHOMA - Infestations found in winter wheat at Welch, Muskogee and Wagoner. 
Populations ranged up to 50 per linear foot at Wagoner. (Curtis). TEXAS - Light 
and attacked wheat in Deaf Smith County. Heavy rust on volunteer and early sown 
wheat. (Thomas). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults in alfalfa in Kent and New 
Castle Counties. Larvae averaged 3 per 10 sweeps in one alfalfa field in Kent 
County. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - DELAWARE - Common to prevalent on red clover and 
alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 
1-25 per sweep in east central alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Average per sweep, 0-3 
in some east central alfalfa fields, 25-30 in Pawnee and Payne Counties. 
(VanCleave). KANSAS - Counts highest for year following extremely dry fall, with 
100 to over 6000 per 5-plant sample in eastern one-third of State. (Burkhardt). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - DELAWARE - Common on red clover 
and alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). MARYLAND - 
Adults taken on red clover at Clarksville, Howard County. Eggs noted on wheat 
stems nearby, November 7. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


PLANT BUGS - DELAWARE - Lygus lineolaris common to prevalent on red clover and 
alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties, and Adelphocoris rapidus up to common 
on same crops in New Castle County. (Burbutis, Conrad). ALABAMA - L. lineolaris 
heavy on grain sorghum in Lee County. (Guyton). OKLAHOMA - L. lineolaris 
averaged 1.5-3 per sweep in some east central alfalfa fields. (VanCleave). 


SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) - DELAWARE - Common 
on red clover in New Castle County and on alfalfa in New Castle and Kent 
Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-2.5 per sweep in some fields 
of alfalfa in east central part of State. (VanCleave). 


- 954 - 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - DELAWARE - Common on alfalfa in New Castle 
and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - MARYLAND - Light on young orchard 
grass seedlings at Clarksville, Howard County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


A PLANTHOPPER (Sogata orizicola) - LOUISIANA - None found to date in survey of 
rice-growing parishes. Determinations made by J. P. Kramer. (Spink). 


A BURROWING BUG (Cyrtomenus mirabilis) - ALABAMA - Damaged roots of chufa grass 
in Butler County. (Hyche, Oct. 24). 


CHINCH BUGS - FLORIDA - Prevalent in north and central Brevard County and caused 
heavy damage in Sanford and Maitland areas of Seminole County. Infestation 
declined in Palm Beach County, but continued to damage St. Augustine grass in 
North Dade County and remained prevalent on same grass in central part of county. 
Continued a problem to homeowners in Tampa area and caused serious damage in 

St. Petersburg area. (Fla. St. Plt. Brd., Oct. Rpt.). 


GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae caused complete 
destruction of large areas in newly seeded pasture in Union County. 
(Morgan, Farrier). 


AN AUSTRALIAN SOD FLY (Metoponia rubriceps) - CALIFORNIA - Maggots are becoming 
a serious pest of lawns in San Francisco, where it was introduced several years 
ago. Grass in several lawns has been completely killed. (Kessell). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


BLACK PEACH APHID (Anuraphis persicae-niger) - ALABAMA - Heavy on peach trees 
in Lee County. (Guyton). 


WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) - ALABAMA - Common on water sprouts of 
apple trees in Lee County. (Guyton). 


A LEAF ROLLER - TEXAS - Medium on plums in Harris County. (Marburger). 


PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ALABAMA - Heavy on Lee County peach 
trees, borers varying from one-quarter to one-half inch in length. (Guyton). 


WHITE PEACH SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Heavy on peach trees 
in Escambia County. (Grimes). 


BLACK-MARGINED APHID (Monellia costalis) - CALIFORNIA - Adults heavy on pecan 
in Riverside and Blythe areas of Riverside County, light in Fullerton, Orange 
County, and medium in Ontario, San Bernardino County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


BLACK PECAN APHID (Melanocallis caryaefoliae) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on 
pecan trees in Fullerton, Orange County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Adult taken in a trap in 
Burrell area of Santa Cruz County, for first record for this county. 
(Cal CoopeuRDita)s 


=" 955 = 


Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Second Week in November - 

PURPLE SCALE activity waS unchanged, with a downward trend expected in the next 
one or two weeks. FLORIDA RED SCALE activity declined in all districts, with 
decline expected to continue throughout the winter. CITRUS RED MITE showed 

a marked increase in activity with further increase expected. CITRUS RUST MITE 
activity showed a sharp rise on both leaves and fruit. This trend is expected 
to continue at least through November and will lead to high infestations for 
several weeks. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - LOUISIANA - Light to medium on cabbage in 
St. James and St. Landry Parishes. (Spink). 


CROSS-STRIPED CABBAGEWORM (Evergestis rimosalis) - LOUISIANA - Light on cabbage 
in St. James Parish. (Spink). 


IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) - DELAWARE - Common on commercial cabbage 
plantings in Kent County. Mostly in younger and older plants at ends of rows. 
Also present in one large field of cauliflower. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


A LOOPER (Rachiplusia ou) - TEXAS - Medium to heavy on carrots in Cameron 
County. (Getzin, Deer). 


APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae heavy on mustard greens in 
localized areas in Wagoner County. (VanCleave). SOUTH CAROLINA - Severe on 
turnips in Pendleton area of Anderson County. (Nettles). 


SOUTHERN POTATO WIREWORM (Conoderus falli) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Highest weekly 
catch of 326 adults since first week in October at Charleston light trap on 
November 2. (Day, Cuthbert, Reid). 


SLUGS - LOUISIANA - Numbers in mustard at La Place, St. John the Baptist 
Parish, sufficient to necessitate control. (Spink). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Active colony 
detected November 5 in dying shortleaf pine near Clemson, Pickens County. This 
is the first evidence this season in this area due mainly to heavy winter kill 
of previous high populations. (Fox). 


WHITE-PINE SAWFLY (Neodiprion pinetum) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Small but intense 
infestation in plantings of white pine near Clemson, Pickens County. 
Defoliation ranged light to complete. (Fox). 


FALL CANKERWORM (Alsophila pometaria) - WISCONSIN - Noted in the Madison area, 
Dane County. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


LESSER CANNA LEAF ROLLER (Geshna cannalis) - ALABAMA - Caused serious damage 
to leaves of cannas in Lee County. (Guyton). 


PUSS CATERPILLAR (Megalopyge opercularis) - TEXAS - Light on shade trees and 
ornamentals in Hidalgo County. (Deer). 


= 900s — 


SCALE INSECTS - MARYLAND - Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy on chestnut at Pooles- 
ville, Montgomery County. (U. Md., Ent.Dept., Nov. 10). ALABAMA - 
Ceroplastes ceriferus heavy on blueberry bushes in Lee County. (Guyton). 
NORTH CAROLINA - Ceroplastes sp. taken occasionally on boxwood in Richmond 
County. (Lewis, Farrier). 


A SPIDER MITE (Eotetranychus lewisi) - OREGON - Infested poinsettia in 
Clackamas and Multnomah Counties during October. Where not controlled, 
caused yellowing and speckling of foliage. Det. E. W. Baker. (Doucette). 
WASHINGTON - Moderate on poinsettia in several greenhouses in the Puget 
Sound area. Det. E. W. Baker. (Doucette). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged up to 400 per head on 
some cattle in east central part of State. (VanCleave). 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation 
occurred in cattle, sheep and hogs in the Ione area of Amador County. 
Animals being checked daily and treated. (Plaister). 


ANTS - TEXAS - Solenopsis geminata annoying people in Harris County 


(Clinton) and Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus in Colorado County. 
(Moore). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


TOBACCO MOTH (Ephestia elutella) - VIRGINIA - Damaged cured tobacco on a 
Lunenburg County farm during October. Det. H. W. Capps. (Howell, Powers). 


INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - MARYLAND - Infested large bin 
of wheat at Centerville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Nov. 10). 


CONFUSED FLOUR BEETLE (Tribolium confusum) - UTAH - Infesting stored barley 
and mill sweepings at Kingston, Piute County. (Knowlton, Buck). 


FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Laemophloeus pusillus) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 150 per 
quart of stored oats in Wagoner and Payne Counties. (VanCleave). 


GRANARY WEEVIL (Sitophilus granarius) - MARYLAND - Damaged wheat in large 
bin at Centerville, Queen Annes County. (U. Md., Ent. Dept., Nov. 10). 


HIDE BEETLE (Dermestes maculatus) - ALABAMA - Larvae and adults common in 
feed rooms in Lee County. (Guyton). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged 0.4-1.2 per sweep in 
some east central alfalfa fields, Nabis spp. 0.4-1 and lacewings 0.2-0.8. 
(Howell, VanCleave). 


= 957 — 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 
Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. 


unip. sh yps:. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea 

FLORIDA 

Gainesville 11/5-12 il i 2 

Quincy 10/28-11/3 1 3 
LOUISIANA 

Baton Rouge 11/7-13 103 111 3 3 138 106 a 

Franklin 11/5, 10 tS 
MISSISSIPPI 

*State College 11/8-14 38 25 1 38 
SOUTH CAROLINA 

Charleston 11/10-16 26 58 1 6 

Florence 11/2-8 76 59 2 2 8 12 


*Two traps - State College. 


- 958 - 


to Illinois. Below normal temperatures prevailed to the west of the Continental 
Divide. Most of the area showed departures of 3° to 9°. Weekly precipitation 
amounts through Sunday were under 1/2 inch over most of the Nation. Amounts 
exceeding 1 inch occurred from eastern Texas northeastward through the lower 
Great Lakes, from the Cascades to the Pacific coast, and at some Rocky Mountain 
stations. Mountain Home, Arkansas, measured 7.45 inches. (Summary supplied by 


U. S. Weather Bureau). 


- 959 - 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 
VIOLET LEAF MIDGE* (Dasyneura affinis. (Kieffer)) 


Economic Importance: This pest causes serious damage to cultivated and wild 
violets in areas of Europe and Africa. Infestations have increased in Germany 
Since 1950. They have reached about 
30 percent in plantings near Berlin, 
where they may cause loss of flower 
production. Heavy infestations cause 
distortion and dwarfing and sometimes 
death of the plant. Living pupae were 
found in the leaves of a violet plant 
in the mails from England at Hoboken, 
New Jersey, in 1954. 


Distribution: Widely distributed 
throughout Europe, being recorded in 
Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Rumania, 
France, Portugal, Great Britain and 
Germany. Also known to occur in Algeria, 
Morocco and Egypt in North Africa. 


Hosts: Cultivated and wild Viola, 
including violets and pansies. 


Damage to Violet 


Life History and Habits: Females begin emerging from overwintering cocoons in 
the spring. They live from 3 days to one week and lay up to 98 eggs each. Eggs 
are laid in the leaf tissue along the margins of the older outer leaves or within 
the rolled edges of the younger leaves. Eggs laid in exposed dry positions die. 
Larvae hatch in 6 to 8 days at 68° F. and cause formation of hairy galls on the 
shoots and leaves. They feed gregariously inside the leaf, as many as 24 larvae 
being found in a single gall. There are generally 4 larval molts in France. The 
usual larval period lasts about 6 weeks except in the overwintering generation. 
The total larval period varies from a minimum of 27 days in the spring and summer 
to a maximum of about 7 months in the overwintering generation. The mature larva 
Spins a cocoon within the gall, although it may spin a cocoon elsewhere if 


General Distribution of Violet Leaf Midge 


* Also called Violet Leaf Rolling 
Gall Midge (Itonididae, Diptera). No. 67 of Series 


- 960 - 


necessary. Pupation takes place in the cocoons and lasts about 10-12 days. 
There are four generations a year in cooler climates and five in warmer climates. 
Temperatures of 68 to 86 degrees and a relative humidity of 80 to 95 percent are 
most favorable for development in Germany. Larval feeding causes the margins of 
leaves to curl upward, discolor and become malformed. Galls are recognizable 
about 8 to 11 days after the eggs are laid. Infested violets may be found 
year-round in Egypt. 


Description: Adult small, yellowish with blackish markings on head and thorax. 
Antennae long, 15-segmented; two basal segments short and broad, following ones 
narrow, cylindrical in female, pyriform and ended by long neck in male; surface 
appears pubescent. Maxillary palpi 4-segmented. Wings smoky, with squamulae, 
mainly at anterior edge. Subcostal vein rather short. Legs long and thin; 
first tarsal segment very short, last provided with two bifid claws and thick 
empodium. Egg yellowish-white, cylindrical, both extremities rounded, about 
0.25 mm. long and 0.5 mm wide. Larva 14-segmented. Color variable; hyaline 
whitish, pale yellowish and pale pinkish according to instars. Mature larva 
about 2 mm. Dorsally, head cone-shaped and with antennae; base swollen. 
Antenna with small basal swelling, tiny terminal papilla. Ventrally, the 

third segment with bifurcated sternal spatula, Y-shaped and situated mid- 
ventrally on thorax. Pupa with cephalic teeth used in opening cocoon or gall. 
(Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies 
and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8 (47) 11-21-58 


Larva, Pupa and Adult 


Figures (except map): Damage from Barnes, H. F. 1948. Gall Midges of Economic 
Importance. Vol. IV. Gall Midges of Ornamental Plants and Shrubs. 165 pp. 
London. Larva, pupa and adult from Zoheiry, M. S. El- 1944. Societe Fouad 1 
D'Entomologie Bul. 28:113-118. 


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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


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The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued sf 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents % 
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are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 4 


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workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 


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Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 November 28, 1958 Number 48 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


PINK BOLLWORM heavier in Oklahoma than in any previous year. (p. 965). 


Survey in Minnesota indicates possible increase in area of heavy FOREST TENT 
CATERPILLAR infestation in 1959. (p. 966). A PINE TIP MOTH severe throughout 
eastern part of Texas. (p. 966). 


INSECT DETECTION: White-fringed beetles found for first time in Decatur County, 
Georgia. (p. 965). Pink bollworm reported for first time in 5 counties in 
Arkansas and in 2 parishes in Louisiana. (p. 965). Imported fire ant found 

for first time in one parish in Louisiana and 2 counties in Mississippi. (p. 969). 
A cucujid (Hemipeplus marginipennis) new to California. (p. 969). 


HIGHLIGHTS OF INSECT OCCURRENCE - 1958, CANADA (p. 971). 


The RICE DELPHACID, Sogata orizicola, and two closely related species. (p. 973). 
In the interest of the important rice disease "hoja blanca" and its only 

known vector, S. orizicola, an illustrative key for peparating this species 
from two other species of Sogata that are known to occur in the United States 
has been prepared by the Insect Identification and Parasite Introduction 
Laboratories, ENT, ARS. Separates are available on request. 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 975). 


FRC OO II IAI I I I a ak ak ak a ak 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 21, unless otherwise 
designated. 


= 1 962\— 
WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING NOVEMBER 24 


The week, introduced by the first severe winter storm of the Season, with its 
accompanying blizzard or near-blizzard conditions in the Plains States and ad- 
jacent areas, ended more pleasantly with generally light winds, seasonal temper- 
tures and light precipitation which for the most part fell in the northern tier 
of States. Precipitation exceeded 2 inches in the coastal area of the Pacific 
Northwest, parts of the northern Rocky Mountain region, in a band from near 
Topeka, Kansas, to southern Wisconsin and in the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio, 
where the 24-hour amount of 2.23 inches on the 18th and 19th exceeded the 
15-year November record at Cleveland Airport. Less than $ inch fell over the 
greater share of the country and areas without measurable precipitation included 
southern California, most of Nevada and Arizona, south central Texas and con- 
tinued in the East from parts of North Carolina to western Florida. 


Temperatures averaged above normal east of the Plains States with departures of 
6° or more in most sections. Weekly averages were 9° above normal in the lower 
Ohio Valley and parts of the Great Lakes and Northeast. Elsewhere, temperatures 
averaged from near normal to about 6° below normal, with most of the greatest 
departures in the Central and Southern Plateau region and averages for the week 
ranged down to 9° below normal at some stations in the Great Basin. On Monday, 
the 17th, the weather cleared over the Far West and temperatures fell to un- 
seasonably low levels with numerous below zero readings from Montana to Utah. 
Tuesday, the cold weather continued southward and Flagstaff and Tucson, Arizona, 
reported new record November low temperatures of -13° and 24°. Early in the 
week record or near-record heat waS experienced at many places in the East, 

from the Atlantic to the lower Mississippi and lower Great Lakes. On Wednesday, 
Buffalo, New York, had a record 74° for so late in the season; however, quite 

a change occurred as the cold front pushed by in the afternoon. This cold air, 
by the week end, brought considerably cooler weather to northern Florida. 


The severe storm with moderate to heavy snow in the Rocky Mountains and north- 
western Great Plains at the end of the previous week, deposited a heavy mantel 
of snow at the beginning of this week in North Dakota and northern Minnesota. 
High winds set new records at Minneapolis and Duluth, Minnesota, and were 
responsible for many injuries in that State and considerable property damage 
from eastern North Dakota to Michigan. Several Minnesota counties along the 
north shore of Lake Michigan were declared disaster areas. (Summary supplied 
by the U. S. Weather Bureau). 


- 963 - 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - WISCONSIN - A total of 15,224 acres were treated for grasshopper 
control in the State. Estimated loss from grasshoppers was $178,500, while 
estimated savings from control were $345,000. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sSorghicola) - OKLAHOMA - Overwintering larvae found 
in sample taken from heads of grain sorghum from a field at Stillwater; infesta- 
tion 12.2 percent. (Bryan). 


APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-25 per linear 
foot in some fall seeded wheat fields in northeastern area. (VanCleave,Campbell). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-25 per linear 
foot in some fields of fall seeded barley in northeastern area. (VanCleave, 
Campbell). TEXAS - Light on barley in Comanche County. (Hawkins). 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - All instars found, including winged 
adults, in fall seeded small grain fields in Ottawa, Delaware, Craig, Mayes, 
Wagoner, Rogers, Nowata, Washington, Tulsa, Osage, Pawnee, Kay, Noble, Payne 
and Logan Counties in northeastern area. Populations averaged up to 50-75 per 
linear foot in some localities; higher in clumps of volunteer plants. Total 
of 75 fields surveyed. (VanCleave, Campbell). TEXAS - Light on wheat in Deaf 
County (Thomas) and in Potter and Oldham Counties. (Daniels, Hawkins). 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - WISCONSIN - Survey in southern and some 
northwestern counties gave negative results. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) - DELAWARE - Adults common in alfalfa and 
clovers in New Castle and Kent Counties with a few larvae being found in 
alfalfa. (Burbutis, Conrad). 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - OREGON - Caused more damage to 
first-seed-crop-year alsike clover in Klamath County than any year during the 
observation period 1953 through 1958. (Dickason). DELAWARE - Adults unusually 
common in clovers and alfalfa in New Castle and Kent Counties. (Burbutis, 
Conrad). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5 per 25 sweeps in some 
alfalfa fields in northeastern area. (VanCleave). KANSAS - Averaged 25 per 
sweep on alfalfa in Cherokee County. (Peters). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged O-5 per sweep 
in some alfalfa fields in northeastern area (VanCleave) and 1.8-2.0 per sweep in 
field of alfalfa in Tillman County (Hatfield). VIRGINIA - Very heavy in 2 
fields of seedling alfalfa and in one field of old alfalfa in Franklin County. 
One field of seedling alfalfa was so far gone that it was judged best to abandon 
it and re-seed in the spring of 1959. (Bishop, Tucker, Morris). TEXAS - Medium 
to heavy on alfalfa in Hunt County. (Davis). KANSAS - Averaged 10 per sweep 

on alfalfa in Cherokee County. (Peters). 


GREEN JUNE BEETLE (Cotinis nitida) - NORTH CAROLINA - Larvae infesting lawn in 
Macon County. (Fagg, Farrier). MARYLAND - Larvae making holes in lawns in 
Towson. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


RHODES-GRASS SCALE (Antonina graminis) - TEXAS - Damaged St. Augustine grass in 
Hunt County. (Wheeless). 


—964— 


SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - MISSOURI - One new infested proper- 
ty was found near Portageville in Pemiscott County. KENTUCKY - A positive deter- 
mination was made from a soil Sample collected from a farm located near Hickman 
in Fulton County. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). NORTH CAROLINA - An infesta- 
tion was found in Gates County, about one-tenth of a mile south of the Virginia 
State line. Infestations were confirmed on 2 properties involving 13 acres. 
Three additional properties were found infested in each of Pender and Pasquotank 
Counties. “(PPG, So. (Reg.., Oct. Rpt.) 


FRUIT INSECTS 


LESSER PEACH TREE BORER (Synanthedon pictipes) - ALABAMA - Moderate to heavy 
on Escambia County peach trees. (Grimes, Blake). 


PEACH TREE BORER (Sanninoidea exitiosa) - ALABAMA - Moderate to heavy on peach 
trees in Escambia County. Grimes, Blake). 


APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) - NORTH CAROLINA - Infesting apple trees in Rowan 
County. (Satterwhite, Smith). 


HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Caused light damage to pecans 
in Dickens County. (Conner) . 


NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in walnuts in 
Bakersfield, Kern County, and light on oranges in Otay, San Diego County. 
(Cale “Coop. Rpt.) 


A TWIG GIRDLER - TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Anderson County. (Hooper). 


CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on tangerine 
trees in Bakersfield, Kern County, and on lemon trees in Orland, Glenn County. 
(Cal Coop. Rpt.) 


OBSCURE SCALE (Chrysomphalus obscurus) - TEXAS - Damaged pecan trees in Wharton 
County. (Ragen). 


WHITE PEACH SCALE (PSeudaulacaspis pentagona) - ALABAMA - Peach orchard of 
over 500 trees in EScambia County has heaviest infestation of this scale 
observed in 1958 and continues to preSent a problem. (Grimes). 


YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on citrus in Orland, 
Glenn County, and on a lemon tree in Red Bluff, Tehama County. 
(Cale Coope. Rpiteoi. 


CITRUS BLACKFLY (Aleurocanthus woglumi) - MEXICO - Inspection of 50,641 trees 


on 1,965 properties in the States of Sonora, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas revealed 
15 trees infested on 8 properties. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


PICKLEWORM (Diaphania nitidalis) - ALABAMA - Moderate on Squash in Escambia 
County. (Grimes, Blake). 


APHIDS - OKLAHOMA - Severe infestations, probably Myzus persicae, on Spinach 
in Arkansas River Valley between Haskell and Sequoyah Counties. (Washum). 


ENG) 


CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) - ALABAMA - Numerous on broccoli, rape 
and collards in Lee County. (Guyton). CALIFORNIA - Numerous in untreated 
fields. (Campbell). 


POPLAR PETIOLE GALL APHID (Pemphigus populi-transversus) - ALABAMA - Severe 
on roots of turnips in Escambia and Baldwin Counties. (Grimes, Blake). 


TURNIP APHID (Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae) - OKLAHOMA - Heavy infestation 
on turnips in gardens in Payne, Logan, Lincoln and Osage Counties. (Howell). 
Killing turnips in Marshall County. (Vick). ALABAMA - Heavy on leaves of 
turnips in Escambia and Baldwin Counties (Grimes, Blake) and heavy on turnips 
in Lee County. (Guyton). 


SOUTHERN GREEN STINK BUG (Nezara viridula) - ALABAMA - Moderate numbers on tur- 
nips in Baldwin County. Few egg masses found. (Grimes, Blake). 


VEGETABLE WEEVIL (Listroderes costirostris obliquus) - ALABAMA - Larvae caused 
severe damage to turnips and mustard in Lee County. ~(Guyton). 


SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) - Surveys in the program 
States revealed 73 new infestations in 16 counties and parishes. The heaviest 
outbreak occurred in Caddo Parish, LOUISIANA, north of Shreveport near Blanchard, 
where 21 infestations were found. No new counties or parishes were found 
infested. (PPC, So. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). 


WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - GEORGIA - Decatur County was found 
infested for the first time. An infestation on about 600 acres in northwestern 
Erwin County, although not new, was very heavy and caused severe damage to 
approximately 30 acres of sweetpotatoes. ALABAMA - Inspections in 14 counties 
were generally negative, except for locations in Chilton and Jefferson Counties. 
Eradication treatments of the Madison County infestation were progressing very 
satisfactorily. MISSISSIPPI - Surveys extended the infested areas in Marion and 
Walthall Counties. One extension was also found east of the known infested area 
at Bay Springs, Jasper County. FLORIDA - Inspections in 8 counties revealed no 
new infestations. Eradication work was carried out in 5 other counties. 

SOUTH CAROLINA - An additional 538 infested acres were found in the Myrtle 
Beach infestation. NORTH CAROLINA - Surveys in 17 counties revealed extensions 
in 6 counties totalling 403 acres. TENNESSEE - Additional infested acreage was 
found in the city of Memphis and also in the cities of Paris in Henry County and 
Lexington in Henderson County. (PPC, So. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). 


POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on string beans in Spring 
Valley, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON INSECTS 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARKANSAS - Found for the first time 
in Ashley, Clay, Drew, Faulkner and White Counties, outside the regulated area. 
Specimens also recovered from Little River, Howard, Hempstead, Miller, Lafayette, 
Columbia, Clark and Crawford Counties. LOUISIANA - Larvae were found in 4 par- 
ishes outside the regulated area, Union and Lincoln Parishes had previously been 
infested, but Rapides and Grant Parishes were infested for the first time. 
OKLAHOMA - Inspections of gin trash, lint cleaners and gin stands revealed 
infestations in 18 counties and that infestations are heavier for 1958 than in 
any previous year. TEXAS - Inspection of 591 bushels of gin trash in 26 central 
and eastern counties resulted in finding 83,844 larvae, or an average of 141.75 
per bushel, compared with 16.49 per bushel for 1957. The 1958 infestation, 


= 966) — 


percentage wise, is therefore about eight and one-half times heavier than in 
1957. MISSISSIPPI - An intensive inspection program in the main cotton 
producing counties has been negative to date. (PPG; ‘So. Regs; Oct i Rpt.) 
MEXICO - Infestation has built up in the La Laguna region of Coahuila and 
Durango and in the Delicias zone of Chihuahua. In the La Laguna region it 
has been estimated that losses will run 10-15 percent. In Chihuahua, 30 
lint cleaner inspections revealed 689 larvae at 7 of 14 locations, with 83 
larvae found in 100 green bolls in one location. A total of 24 lint cleaner 
inspections in Durango recorded 558 larvae at the 13 locations inspected. 

In Coahuila, 18 lint cleaner inspections at 12 locations showed all infested 
with a total of 324 larvae. (PPC, Mex. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


ae eee ee EE 


BLACK TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus terebrans) - ARKANSAS - Some infestations 
remained active in central portion of State. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Nov.). 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - TEXAS - No known active brood 
trees. Aerial and ground observations continued. (Young). 


IPS BEETLES (Ips spp.) - TEXAS - Considerable pine mortality reported in 
Trinity County. (Young). CALIFORNIA - I. plastographus heavy on Monterey 
pines at Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PINE BARK WEEVILS - ARKANSAS - Killed advanced pine reproduction in crop cut 
areas, but did not attack young seedlings. This infestation is near the 
Clarke-Pike County border in the same area in which weevils were active in 
the spring of 1958. (Ark. For. Pest Rpt., Nov.). 


FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosma disstria) - MINNESOTA - Egg mass survey 
indicates possible increase in area of heavy defoliation in St. Louis County 
north of Duluth for 1959. Counts averaged 10.5 egg masses per tree in 21 
plots over the entire area, with as high as 28 egg masses per tree in some 
plots. Complete defoliation can be expected with 10 egg masses per tree. 
(inn: sins!) Rpt Novel). 


ORANGE-STRIPED OAKWORM (Anisota senatoria) - TEXAS - Caused defoliation of 
red and white oaks in Burleson, Hardin, Jasper, Newton, Polk and Tyler 
Counties. (Young). 


A PINE TIP MOTH - TEXAS - Severe infestation reported throughout eastern part 
of the State. (young). 


PINE WEBWORM (Tetralopha robustella) - ARKANSAS - Appeared locally in scattered 
areas over the State. No serious feeding damage reported. (Ark. For. Pest 
Rpt: ; Nov.) 


A SAWFLY - TEXAS - Caused partial defoliation of pine and hardwoods in Tyler, 
Hardin and Polk Counties. An area estimated at 100 acres east of Honey Island 
seriously infested. (Young). 


APHIDS - UTAH - Extremely numerous on rose and some spirea in areas of Cache 
County. (Knowlton). OKLAHOMA - Rhopalosiphum rufomaculatum found on chrysan- 
themum at Lawton and Comanche. (Hatfield). CALIFORNIA - Populations of 
Eriosoma americanum high on elms in Woodland, Yolo County. (Cal: Coop. Rpt.oe 


= OOver— 


North America 


DISTRIBUTION OF FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus ve 
in Western i 


(Wr x ‘ Wy | 


t Pest Leaflet 13, December 1956 


Fores 


=. 968: — 


A LEAF ROLLER - TEXAS - Caused damage to ornamentals in Cameron County. 
(Richardson) . 


SCALE INSECTS - ALABAMA - Heavy infestation of all stages of Fiorinia theae 

on camellia and burford holly in Lee County. (Guyton). VIRGINIA - 

Unaspis euonymi heavy on euonymus plants in Amelia County and in Reedville, 
Northumberland County. (Rowell, Wilson, Gruenhagen). SOUTH CAROLINA - An 
unidentified species of wax scale severe on camellia, privet and boxwood in 
Abbeville County. (Nettles, et al.). TEXAS - Icerya purchasi light on 

nandina plants in Panola County. (McKay). CALIFORNIA - Saissetia hemisphaerica 
heavy on eugenia in Watsonville, Sants Cruz County. Coccus hesperidum heavy on 
Palo Verde trees in Torrey Pine area, San Diego County, and light on 
rose-of-sharon in Fortuna, Humboldt County. (Cals Coop.eRpte” 


ROSE LEAFHOPPER (Edwardsiana rosae) - UTAH - Remaining later than usual on rose 
and spirea in Cache,Box Elder and Salt Lake Counties. (Knowlton, Nov. 15). 


WHITEFLIES - UTAH - Adults numerous on some spirea and black raspberry foliage 
at Logan, Cache County. (Knowlton, Nov. 15). CALIFORNIA - Pealius kelloggi 
heavy on Catalina cherry trees in Carlsbad, San Diego County. (Cal. 1GCoopmeRpt.). 


A NOTODONTID (Datana sp.) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Sumac in San Diego, San Diego 
County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


SCREW-WORM (Callitroga hominivorax) - OKLAHOMA - Active in Custer County during 
last 10 days. (Hutton). 


CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - TEXAS - H. lineatum beginning to appear in backs 
of cattle in Kerr County. (Blume). CALIFORNIA - An unusually long season 
reported for H. bovis and H. lineatum with heavy infestations from August 
through early November in Calabasas and Agoura areas of Los Angeles County. 
(GRAY Cot-cExt. Ser.) 


WINTER TICK (Dermacentor albipictus) - OKLAHOMA - Found up to 4 per square inch 
on necks and heads of small cattle in Pushmataha and McCurtain Counties. (Goin). 
CALIFORNIA - Infesting deer in Altura area, Modoc County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SALT-MARSH MOSQUITO (Aedes sollicitans) - NORTH CAROLINA - Continues abundant 
throughout coastal area. (Usry). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - MEXICO - Surveys were made in Mexicali 
and Tecate, Baja California, and Guadalajara, Jalisco, with a total of 237 
property inspections being made. No positive determinations were made. All 
known infested sites have been treated except 5 properties involving approx- 
imately 6,400,000 cubic feet in Guadalajara, Jalisco. (PPC, Mex. Reg., 
OctyiRptey: 


DARK MEALWORM (Tenebrio obscurus) - ALABAMA - Numerous in feed rooms in Lee 
County. (Guyton). 


= 969 - 


INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia interpunctella) - TEXAS - Heavy on the outside of bins 
containing over 7,000 bushels of sorghum in Brazos County. (Randolph). 
CALIFORNIA - Medium in walnuts in Santa Clara,Santa Clara County. (Gali iCoop: 
Rpts 


EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestation in 
fish meal in Salinas, Monterey County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


Stored-grain Insects in Nebraska - Insects recovered from 256 samples of wheat 
taken from CCC bins during October, 1958, in 22 counties were predominately 
granary weevil, Cadelle, saw-toothed grain beetle, flat grain beetle and 
dermestids. In addition, flour beetles (Tribolium spp.), spider beetles, a 
fungus beetle (Typhaea stercorea) and Indian-meal moth were also collected. 
Live or dead insects were found in 73 percent of the bins examined; a number 

of these bins being recently fumigated. Live insects were taken in 17.2 
percent of the bins. (Kantack). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


CONVERGENT LADY BEETLE (Hippodamia convergens) - OKLAHOMA - Counts in alfalfa 
averaged 0.1-0.3 per sweep in some fields in northeastern area and 0.3-0.5 per 
sweep in Tillman County. (VanCleave, Hatfield). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis SaevisSima richteri) - LOUISIANA - Found for first 
time in West Carroll Parish, bringing total number of infested parishes to 44. 
Treatment was applied to 467 acres in 11 parishes. MISSISSIPPI - Found for 
the first time in Adams and Choctaw Counties. Treatment was applied to 3,486 
acres, mostly in the eradication zones of Amite, Jefferson Davis and Wilkinson 
Counties. SOUTH CAROLINA - Treatment of all known infestations was completed 
during October. NORTH CAROLINA - Two additional isolated infestations in 
Robeson County were treated. FLORIDA - Treatment was applied to more than 
5,000 acres bringing the total to 29,300 acres. GEORGIA - About 2,000 acres 
were treated in several counties. TEXAS - Control was applied to 170 acres 

in Bexar, Hardin and Harris Counties. (PPC, So. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) - ILLINOIS - Two live beetles were found 
in traps in the Sheldon area, October 10. Two additional beetles were 

caught October 24 in traps at East Peoria, a new location for the 1958 season, 
bringing the total to 5 for this area. The infestation in the Peoria area 
appears to be wider spread than first indicated. (PPC, Cent. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). 
TENNESSEE - Treatment was applied to 1,437 acres in 6 eastern counties. 

NORTH CAROLINA - Twenty-three acres were treated at Spencer, Rowan County, and 
treatment in this section is expected to be completed early in November. 
Regulatory treatment was applied to 6 acres of nurseryland in the State. 

SOUTH CAROLINA - A half-acre of nurseryland was treated. (PPC, So. Reg., 

Oct. Rpt.) 


A CUCUJID (Hemipeplus marginipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens taken in 
Watsonville area of Santa Cruz County in July 1958. This is a first record 
fLorithemo tates Detesulan dio pilman. (Cal Coophy Rpt. hs 


OLD-HOUSE BORER (Hylotrupes bajulus) - VIRGINIA - Present in subflooring, 
large timber in basement and in attic of a 3-year old house in New Castle, 
Craig County. (Rowell). MARYLAND - Infesting joists in a home in Baltimore. 
(UBUMGR ye eEnit., Dept). 


> EAN) 


A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE - UTAH - Caused extensive damage to a home and garage 
at Logan. (Knowlton). 


MILLIPEDES - VIRGINIA - Large numbers in a home and on porch and grounds 

of the house in Madison County; inside several homes and on patios and 
surroundings of homes in Culpeper County; and in basement entrance of home 
in Blacksburg. (Rowell, McLearen, Heltzel). Also in the kitchen of a home 
in Nelson County. (Morris, Swain). MARYLAND - Troublesome to homeowners in 
Prince Georges, Carroll and Montgomery Counties. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseud. Agrot. Prod. Perid. Laphyg. Ala. Helio. 


unip. yps. ornith. marg. frug. argil. zea 

FLORIDA 

Gainesville 11/12-18 2 

Quincy 11/5-11 8 alt 
MISSISSIPPI 

*State College 11/15-21 134 42 3 2 3 15 
NEBRASKA 

Lincoln 10/17-27 64 98 21 5 17 505 

North Platte 217 419 76 1 16 

10/31-11/16 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

Charleston 11/17-23 ital 42 9 8 5 
TENNESSEE (Counties) 

Blount 11/4-10 1 ail 

Cumberland 11/4-10 aks) 49 al! 5 

Johnson 11/4-10 9 4 2 2 4 6 

Madison 11/4-10 3 4 4 2 iL 14 

Maury 11/4-10 25 9 1 2 29 

Robertson 11/4-10 21 26 1 4 53 


*Two traps - State College. 


oS Oeil o 


HIGHLIGHTS OF INSECT OCCURRENCE - 1958 


CANADA 


Prepared by C. G. MacNay 


Weather factors affecting development of insects in Canada in 1958 included 
unusually high temperatures in British Columbia, drought in the southern 
prairie region, especially in Saskatchewan, and low early-summer temperatures 
associated with high precipitation in much of Eastern Canada. Few insect 
pests caused unusual damage; grasshoppers continued to increase in Western 
Canada and other outbreaks of note involved variegated and red-backed cutworms, 
beet webworm, diamondback moth, seed-corn maggot, aphids and root maggots. 


The trend of increase in GRASSHOPPER populations that occurred in the interior 
of British Columbia and in the Prairie Provinces in 1957 continued in 1958. 
The area involved, although appreciable, was still far less than that affected 
by the 1945-1950 outbreak. In extreme southern Alberta, the only area of the 
Province affected, infestations were light and losses were minimized by timely 
rains and excellent growing conditions. In south central and southeastern 
agricultural areas of Saskatchewan and in southwestern agricultural areas of 
Manitoba, large numbers of grasshoppers moved into field crops because of 
drought; severe damage was common in pastures, hay crops, alfalfa and crops 
sown on stubble. However, an efficient control campaign and desiccation of 
eggs combined to restrict losses. A survey of adults in August indicated a 
marked increase in numbers in Saskatchewan south of Saskatoon and in south- 
western agricultural areas of Manitoba. 


In British Columbia the most severe outbreak of VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma 
margaritosa) in many years caused much damage in the Vancouver delta and the 
lower Fraser Valley. Severe local infestations of PALE WESTERN CUTWORM 
(Agrotis orthogonia) occurred on flax and grain in the Lethbridge and Picture 
Butte areas of Alberta, and in west central agricultural areas of Saskatchewan. 
RED-BACKED CUTWORM (Euxoa ochrogaster) caused severe damage to cereal, rapseed, 
flax and garden crops in western Alberta. It occurred also in large numbers 
throughout parkland areas, including the Peace River district, and in prairie 
areas as far as Craik and Stalwart in Saskatchewan. The infestation was the 
most severe and widespread in at least 30 years. In Saskatchewan, damage was 
severe in the northern agricultural areas and in central and east central 
agricultural regions, ranging up to 100 percent in crops seeded on fallow and 
on rape and pea stubble. In central agricultural areas of Manitoba, cutworm 
damage was severe, notably by ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) near Pilot Mound 
and Portage La Prairie. In Kent County, Ontario, BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) 
fed heavily on tobacco and sugar beets for an unusually long period. In 
Ontario and Quebec, CUTWORMS caused extensive damage in gardens. ARMYWORM dam- 
aged hay and grain in New Brunswick, fruit and vegetables in Nova Scotia and 
grain in Prince Edward Island. In Newfoundland, BRONZED CUTWORM (Nephelodes 
emmedonia) occurred in unusual numbers in the St. John's area. 


WIREWORMS caused relatively little damage in Alberta and Manitoba, but in 
Saskatchewan damage in Southern and western agricultural areas was more exten- 
sive than in recent years, reseeding being necessary in many fields. 


BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) occurred in the Prairie Provinces in the 
most severe and widespread outbreak in 25 years, extensively damaging sugar 
beets, flax, rape, mustard, safflower and garden crops. Nearly all of the 
37,000 acres of sugar beets in southern Alberta were infested, 1,200 acres 
being defoliated. In Saskatchewan, the northeastern and southeastern agricul- 
tural areas were most affected and in Manitoba, the southwestern area. 


= 1972; i= 


In Alberta and Saskatchewan, abnormal numbers of larvae of DIAMONDBACK MOTH 
(Plutella maculipennis) damaged mustard, rape and other plants. In southwestern 
Ontario, the heaviest infestation of APHIDS in many years occurred on wheat, 
oats, clover, peas, tobacco, potatoes and garden crops; many virus diseases 
were more common than usSual in the area. Peas in Manitoba and peas, corn and 
oats in New Brunswick were also heavily infested. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera 
postica) increased greatly in numbers in Alberta and Saskatchewan. In west 
central agricultural areas of Saskatchewan, FLAX BOLLWORM (Heliothis ononis) 
was unusually numerous. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was 
much less injurious than in 1957 in Western Canada, but in southwestern 
Ontario it was numerous in grain. In the latter area, damage to tobacco seed- 
lings by SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) was the worst on record. In 
Alberta and Saskatchewan, large numbers of Apantesis sp. damaged pastures, 

and in Newfoundland a TORTRICID (Cnephasia virgaureana) , first recorded in 
1952, severely damaged red clover and fed on cabbage, peas and ornamentals. 


Garden crops, too, were attacked by numerous pests. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER 
spread yellows virus extensively in celery, carrot and lettuce in southern 
Ontario. In Eastern Canada, where plant growth was generally slow, ROOT MAGGOTS 
severely damaged crucifers. In the Ottawa Valley, the largest population of 
DIAMONDBACK MOTH in 10 years and large numbers of a FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta 
cruciferae) , not previously recorded in Canada, attacked cruciferous crops. 
PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) , unusually numerous on Canada thistle in British 
Columbia, Alberta and Ontario, caused some damage also to sunflower and to 
soybeans. APHIDS heavily infested crucifers in Ontario and potatoes in the 
Maritime Provinces. In southwestern Ontario, Second-generation larvae of 

ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) damaged onions ready for harvest, for the first 
time on record. POTATO STEM BORER (Hydroecia micacea) severely infested pota- 
toes and rhubarb in Nova Scotia. SLUGS were very injurious to vegetables in 
Ontario and Quebec and BROAD MITE (Hemitarsonemus latus) damaged greenhouse cu- 
cumbers at Leamington, Ontario. 


Fruit insects of importance included CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) in the 
Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, where special control measures were neces- 
sary because of the unusually early development. In Nova Scotia, however, the 
overwintered population was the smallest in 5 years. Two first records of pests 
on strawberry in Canada involved OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana), iden- 
tified from larvae found in fruit grown in the lower Fraser Valley, British 
Columbia, in 1957 and 1958; and CURLED ROSE SAWFLY (Allantus cinctus), feeding 
on foliage in southern Vancouver Island. BRAMBLE LEAFHOPPER (Ribautiana 
tenerrima) was found to overwinter as an adult at Victoria, British Columbia. 

In the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario, EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM (Lecanium corni) 

was more abundant than usual on fruit trees, and APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis 
pomonella) on prune. In Novia Scotia, CANKERWORMS and WINTER MOTH (Operophtera 
brumata) extensively damaged apple and a continued increase in parasitism of 
EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (Spilonota ocellana) was associated with a modified spray 
program. In Newfoundland, PEAR LEAF BLISTER MITE (Eriophyes pyri) was recorded 
for the first time in the Province. 


3 Oye) 


The Rice Delphacid, Sogata orizicola Muir, and Two Closely Related Species 
(Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) 


The rice delphacid, Sogata orizicola Muir, is, as far as known, the sole vector 
of a virus disease of rice which has been called "hoja blanca". This disease 

was first observed in the Western Hemisphere about 1954, and in the United States 
in September, 1957, at Belle Glade, Florida. An additional infection was found 
in September, 1958, at Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. The disease is not 
prevalent in the major rice-producing areas of the Orient, although an apparently 
similar infection of rice is known in Japan. Symptoms of the disease include 
yellowish-white discoloration or streaking of the leaves and affected plants 
often fail to head. Yields of rice in infected fields are often reduced 25 to 

50 percent and the disease is capable of completely ruining the crop, parti- 
cularly late plantings. The estimated loss to the rice crop in Cuba in 1956 

was 25 percent. The insect has been recorded in Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, 
Costa Rica, British Guiana and Cuba, in addition to the United States. First 
records in this country are September 14, 1957, at Belle Glade, Florida, and 
September 3, 1958, at Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. 


The preferred survey procedure for S. orizicola consists of sweeping of cul- 
tivated and volunteer rice, not overlooking small patches that may be present 
at the margin of fields. General Sweepings of other grasses do not appear to be 
very satisfactory for collecting S. orizicola; however, §. fucifera (Horvath) 
may be abundant. fe a7 


NOTE = 
LONG-OR SHORT-WINGED Forms 
MAY OCCUR IN EITHER SEX 


SOGATA ORIZICOLA 


The non-specialist can recognize the family and more important members of the 
genus by the characters illustrated in the accompanying habitus drawings. The 
following points should be noted: 
1. The family Delphacidae is easily distinguished from all other Homoptera by 
the movable spur at the apex of the hind tibia. 
2. The genus Sogata is made up of small and slender species which have/are: 
(1) 3.5-4 mm. in length in the long-winged form; slightly over 3 mm. in the 
short-winged form. Note - most specimens of both sexes will have long 
wings. 
(2) a pale-yellow stripe running down the center of the dorsum of the head 
and thorax. 
(3) males dark-brown with smoky-colored wings that are darker at the apex. 
(4) females usually with a uniform yellowish to tan color. 


= OU An — 


CUBANA 


styles only 


female genitalia 


ORIZICOLA FURCIPFERA 


male genitalia Styles only 


Identification to species in the genus Sogata is based on characters found in 
the structures of the male genitalia and particularly in the styles which have 
characteristic outlines for each species. The styles are observed best when the 
genital capsule is studied in a direct posterior view. The styles will be seen 
as paired structures and are the most obvious components of the genitalia. 
Accompanied by the drawings, the following notes should allow recognition of the 
species treated here: 

(1) Sogata orizicola Muir. Apex of style broad with inner margins rather 
pointed and with a marked carina. See drawing. This rice pest is known 
in the United States only from Florida and Mississippi. 

(2) Sogata furcifera (Horvath). Apex of style with deep cleft giving a 
"mitten-like" outline. See drawing. A very common species found 
throughout southern United States. 

(3) Sogata cubana (Crawford). Apex of style small, comparatively slender 
and gently curved inward. See drawing. Known in United States only in 
Florida. 


(Illustrative and taxonomic material prepared by Insect Identification and 
Parasite Introduction Laboratories, ENT, ARS) CEIR 8(48) 11-28-58 


OO 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


PHILIPPINE.COTTON BOLL WEEVIL (Amorphoidea lata Motschulsky) 


Economic Importance: Though cotton is of little economic importance in the 
Philippines, at the present time, this weevil is considered to be its most 
important pest and is prevalent wherever the crop is grown. The greatest 
injury is caused by the larvae; a large percentage of infested bolls drop. 
Adults in some instances may destroy flowers and very young bolls. Because 
of the exceedingly short life-history of the species, larval introduction 
through seeds into the United States is not expected, but the adults could 
be contained in plants, soil, seeds or raw cotton. Larval damage is similar 
to that caused by Anthonomus grandis except that the larvae of A. lata are 
almost always found in the ovary of the flower rather than in the square as 
is the case with A. grandis. Three additional species of Amorphoidea have 
been recorded as pests of cotton in Asiatic countries. They are A. arcuata 
in India, A. pectoralis in Java and A. rufa in Indochina. my 


Distribution: Philippine Islands (Manila, Laguna, Batangas, Mindoro, Ilocos 
Norte, Rombolon, Mindanao, Palawan and possibly other Provinces). 


Hosts: All cultivated and wild varieties of cotton and Thespesia lampas. 


Life History and Habits: The adults become most noticeable during mid-morning, 
entering the flowers of host plants. Copulation takes place in the flowers and 
eggs are laid shortly thereafter, in cavities in the tissue of the base of the 
staminal sheath. Several eggs may be deposited in each flower. Eggs hatch in 
1 to 3 days and larvae begin feeding in 
the ovules and other soft parts of the 
square. AS many as 9 larvae have been 
found in each boll after it has fallen 
to the ground. Larval development 
takes from 5 to 11 days, of which about 
half is spent as a resting stage in the 
soil. When larvae are in their feeding 
stage, they may completely destroy one 
or more of the ovules. In most cases 
the fruit drops to the ground before 
maturing. Sometimes undersized adults 
develop due to curtailed food supply, 
but normally larvae will die before 
maturity if the food supply is not ade- 
quate. Pupation takes place in the 
soil, about 10 to 20 mm. deep, and 
lasts from 3 to 5 days. The total 
life-cycle varies from 11 to 23 days, 
averaging 17 days. Adult hibernation 
occurs from June to October in the 
Philippines since no host plants are 
Ege (greatly enlarged) in bloom during that period. 

Located at Base of Staminal 

Sheath of Cotton Flower 


(Curculionidae, Coleoptera) No. 68 of Series 


= 976 = 


Description: Adults are largely dark brown, 3-4 mm. long and about 1.2 mn. 
wide. Head minutely and shallowly pitted, sparsely pubescent; eyes lateral, 
convex and nearly circular. Rostrum about as long as prothorax, sides paral- 
lel. Antennae arising from middle of rostrum in female, beyond or in front 
of middle in male, elbowed, clavate; Scape as long as succeeding joints, 
resting in groove at basal half of rostrum and reaching to eye. Prothorax 
14 times as broad as long, sides rounded, broadest in middle, narrowed 
slightly behind and strongly constricted anteriorly, minutely pitted, and 
pale, with fine sparse golden pubescent below. Scutellum present. Elytra 
ovate, striated and finely pitted; pygidium exposed. Femora toothed. Eggs 
smooth, pearly white, elliptical to ovoid, about 0.6 mm. long and 0.4 mn. 
wide. Larvae wrinkled, grayish-white, crescent-shaped and legless with few 
scattered darker hairs. Pupae naked and resemble adults in general form; 
grayish-white with few scattered darker hairs. (Prepared in Plant Pest 
Survey Section in cooperation with other ARS agencies). 

CEIR 8(48) 11-28-58 


Figures of Amorphoidea lata (A) Larva (B) Pupa (C) Adult 


Figures from Woodworth, H.E. 1922. Philippine Agr. 11(3): 75-81 


ONTROL DIVISION — 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 


curacy of the material. 


s 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 December 5, 1958 Number 49 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


GREENBUG more common and heavier on oats in Arkansas than in most years and 
scattered in northwestern Oklahoma counties. (p. 979). 


PINK BOLLWORM Situation in Arizona. (p. 980). 


CARPET BEETLES more abundant in western Oregon and parts of California. 
(p. 982). 


Distribution of CALIFORNIA FLATHEAD BORER in western North America. (p. 981). 


Summary of INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 - NEW MEXICO. (p. 984). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 989). 


FRI IR ROR GK a IE aK aR OK I kK Kk 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending November 28, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 978 - 
WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 
DECEMBER 1958 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for December calls for temperatures to 
average below seasonal normals over the northern half of the nation from the 
Continental Divide eastward to the Atlantic Seaboard. Above normal temper- 
atures are indicated for the California Coast and Florida. In other areas 
about normal temperatures for the season are in prospect. Precipitation is 
expected to exceed normal along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts, over the 
Northern Plains and along the West Coast. Over the northern half of the 
nation much of the precipitation will be in the form of snow. Subnormal 
amounts are expected in the Southern Plateau, the southern Rocky Mountain 
States and the Central Plains. Otherwise near normal precipitation is 
indicated. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and 
Outlook", published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe 
through Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C. Price $4.80 a year, 
$2.40 a half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 1 


Another winter storm brought unusually cold weather to the northern half of the 
Nation. Subzero temperatures equaled or exceeded record November lows in Indiana 
and Ohio and fell to near record levels in most of the Great Lakes region, while 
subfreezing extended to some sections of the Gulf Coast. In contrast, near to 
record-breaking warm temperatures prevailed in the Middle and South Atlantic 
Coastal States during the early part of the week. Light to heavy snows also 
were part of the cold regime in northern areas east of the Rockies. Precipita- 
tion totals for last week were mostly under 1/2 inch west of the Mississippi, 
except in the coastal sections of Washington where over 1 inch fell. Unusually 
dry weather persisted in the Central Valley of California. East of the Missis- 
sippi, precipitation totals, generally over 1 inch, totaled over 4 inches in the 
North Carolina Capes. Sections without measurable precipitation were reported 
in northern Florida, northern Nebraska, southern North Dakota, northwestern 
Iowa, most of the Great Basin, California and southwestern Arizona. 


Temperature averages rose from below normal the previous week to above normal in 
the Southwest, remained about 6° above normal in Florida and generally were lower 
and well below normal elsewhere. In the Ohio Valley and North Central Interior, 
temperatures averaged about 18° lower than for the preceding week. On last 
Monday, November 24, Baltimore, Maryland, with 72°, broke its 87-year high 
temperature record for that date; other daily records were broken in Tennessee, 
Georgia and Florida. The next day, Tampa, Florida, had 87°, a new late-season 
record. With falling temperatures in most areas during the week, International 
Falls, Minnesota, recorded a record November low of -27° and Dayton, Ohio, -2°; 
while the Akron-Canton, Ohio, Airport was the coldest for so early in the season. 
Monday, as the cold air mass centered over North Dakota moved eastward, it was 
followed by an area of low pressure from the Pacific Northwest. Strong northerly 
Arctic winds blew across the northern Great Plains, with peak gusts of 75 m.p.h. 
in Montana and 100 m.p.h. (estimated) in northwestern Colorado. Tuesday, 
blizzard conditions charged with bitter cold swept across the Great Plains. 
Wednesday, the leading edge of the huge, cold air mass from the Yukon swept 
through the Northeastern States with patches of glaze in New Hampshire. 

Thursday and Friday, rain from overrunning moist air turned to sleet or glaze 

in a band from Oklahoma into the New England States, and over two-thirds of 
Oklahoma was covered with ice. Friday and Saturday, southeasterly gales of 

70 m.p.h. produced some damage in Connecticut and Massachusetts. Saturday, the 


Weather continued on Page 983 


= 979) — 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GRASSHOPPERS - ARIZONA - Limited observations showed normal decline of adult 
populations. NEVADA - Egg survey indicates a buildup of early and late-maturing 
species. Egg beds in northern Elko County show Oedaleonotus enigma and 
Aulocara spp. carrying over without evidence of parasitism. Eggs of Camnula 
pellucida were abundant in valleys of Humboldt and Elko Counties, verifying the 
indicated adult survey rating so far. NEW MEXICO - Egg surveys in Dona Ana and 
Luna Counties showed 3 egg pods in 220 square feet sampled at 22 locations. 

UTAH - Egg surveys completed in Cache, Rich, Carbon, Grand and San Juan Counties 
and partially completed in Utah and Weber Counties show a slightly lower rating 
than the adult survey. WYOMING - Very few egg pods were found during survey in 
Niobrara, Platte, Goshen and Laramie Counties, though some areas of very heavy 
adult populations were sampled. No predators or parasites were noticed in any 
of the egg pods collected. (PPC, West. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). 


MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) - UTAH - An additional 1,000 acres of rangeland 
in the Green Lakes area, Daggett County, were found to have a threatening 
infestation. This acreage is Forest Service Land, approximately 10 miles south- 
east of Manila. (PPC, West. Reg. Oct. Rpt.). 


SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) - KANSAS - Corn plants found 
98 percent infested in Stafford and Reno Counties, November 21. (Painter). 


RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryza) - SOUTH CAROLINA - Much heavier in corn than 
usual. (Nettles, et al.). 


A MEALYBUG (Trionymus rostellum) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Sorghum halepense in 
Courtland area of Yolo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SORGHUM MIDGE (Contarinia sorghicola) - ARKANSAS - Damage to sorghum has been 
observed in all sections of the State, being much more severe on late crops. 
(Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - ARKANSAS - Infestations on fall-seeded oats more 
common and heavier than in most years. Breeding plots at Stuttgart were treated 
2 weeks ago. Oat fields in east and northeast areas are generally infested with 
small numbers. One field in Poinsett County averaged 75 per linear foot with 
spots in the field discolored. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - Survey of 80 small 
grain fields in 17 northwestern counties showed scattered infestations in 13 

and none in 4 counties. Populations decreased toward the western portion of the 
area. Heaviest averaged 27 per linear foot, but was generally 3-7 per linear 
foot over most of the area. (VanCleave). VIRGINIA - Probably this species, 
heavy on small grains on the Eastern Shore. (Hofmaster). 


APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 1-50 per linear 
foot in small grain fields in northwestern part of State. (VanCleave). 


A FLEA BEETLE - TEXAS - Damaged early wheat in Briscoe County. (Ledbetter). 


WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Caused damage to several fields 
of oats in Falls County. (Hawkins). 


A RICE DELPHACID (Sogata orizicola) - ARKANSAS - Limited surveys in the State 
have been negative. (Ark. Ins. Rpt) 3 


CHINCH BUGS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Troublesome in lawns in Charleston and Richland 
Counties. (Nettles, et al.). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Ranged 5-300 per linear 
foot in northwestern barley fields. Very small populations in some wheat 
fields. (VanCleave). 


- 980 - 


CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) - MARYLAND - Adults averaged 3 per 10 
sweeps on red clover at Fairland. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


CLOVER SEED CHALCID (Bruchophagus gibbus) - WISCONSIN - Incidence of infested 
seeds in red clover seed samples being received by State Seed Laboratory 
greater than in 1957. Samples from southern Clark County have highest 
infestations which range up to 8 percent. (Wis. Coop. Sur.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Counts at seven-day 
intervals show slight increase over past 3 weeks in Payne County. (Bieberdorf). 
Averaged 10-17.5 per sweep in alfalfa fields in the Davidson area of Tillman 
County and 300-400 per linear foot in a field of young alfalfa in the same 

area. (Hatfield). KANSAS - Damaged fall-planted alfalfa in Saline County, 
November 15. (Harvey). OREGON - Remains active in Hermiston area of Umatilla 
County, November 24. (Bierman). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 4-8 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa 
in Jackson County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). 


THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) - ARKANSAS - Averaged 
6-7 per 25 sweeps in alfalfa in Jackson County. (Ark. Ins. Rpt.). OKLAHOMA - 
Averaged 0.1-0.4 per sweep in alfalfa fields in Davidson area, Tillman County. 
(Hatfield). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - OKLAHOMA - Shucks of approximately 
90 percent of pecans in Stillwater area infested with 1-4 larvae. (Bieberdorf). 


NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Light to medium on 
walnuts in Kelseyville, Lake County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A WHITEFLY (Pealius kelloggi) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on Prunus ilicifolia at 
Moorpark, Ventura County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


COTTON INSECTS 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - ARIZONA - Field inspections disclosed 
a more extensive infestation in the south central part of the State than was 
expected. Since the original find in early July in the Gila River Valley of 
southwestern Maricopa County, the infestation has moved north and eastward 
across the county and southeastward into Pinal County. New finds were made in 
eastern Maricopa County and western Pinal County, which were, at the time, out- 
side the quarantined area. The Arizona Commission of Agriculture and Horticul- 
ture extended the quarantine to include the entire cotton-producing portions of 
the State, except Yuma and Mohave Counties. Cochise, Graham, Greenlee, Maricopa, 
Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz and Yavapai Counties are now under quarantine. (PPC). 
CALIFORNIA - During week ending November 28,six gin trash machines processed 
5,263 bushels of trash in the San Joaquin Valley and southeastern desert areas 
from 55 gins, and 234 gin visits were made in inspection of 915 linit cleaners. 
All results were negative. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A LEAF ROLLER (Platynota stultana) - CALIFORNIA - Light on cotton at Heber, 
Imperial County. Some attacking green bolls. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


= 981 — 


DISTRIBUTION OF CALIFORNIA FLATHEAD BORER (Melanophila californica) 
in Western North America 


Forest Pest Leaflet 24, June 1958 


- 982 - 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 
A BARK BEETLE (Pityophthorus serratus) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on pines at Alamo, 
Contra Costa County. CalwmicoopwiRptE.):. 


MEALYBUGS - CALIFORNIA - Pseudococcus maritimus heavy on Mammilaria uncinata 
(cactus) plants in Riverside, Riverside County. Phenacoccus gossypii heavy on 
nightshade in the Escondido area of San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SCALE INSECTS - TEXAS - Icerya purchasi damaged pyracantha in Limestone County 
(Garner). CALIFORNIA - Parlatoria oleae heavy on privet hedges at Dos Palos, 
Merced County. Lepidosaphes ulmi heavy on lilac at Jackson, Amador County, 
and Asterolecanium bambusae heavy on bamboo in Santa Paula, Ventura County. 


(Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - ARIZONA - Three new infestations were 
found, one each in Maricopa, Mohave and Yuma Counties, and one reinfestation in 
Yuma County. (PPC, West. Reg., Oct. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - Last known infestation 
in State fumigated November 16. Since the beginning of the eradication program 
the State has had 330 known infestations. During the week ending November 28, 
State, County and Federal inspectors expended 1,214 man-hours of inspection in 
10 counties with negative results. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


Stored-grain Pests in Minnesota and Texas - Problems due to a grain beetle 
(Ahasverus advena), Indian-meal moth and confused flour beetle were reported 


in several elevators in MINNESOTA the week ending November 24. Most infesta- 


tions were found in grain screenings. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). In central and south 
central areas of TEXAS, stored-grain insects have developed into critical 
infestations about 30 days earlier than normal. (Cook). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 


PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens and Nabis sp. each averaged O-1 
per linear foot and lacewings 0-2 in fields of small grain in northwestern part 
of State. Lacewing eggs averaged 0-2 per linear foot in scattered areas. 
(VanCleave). H. convergens averaged 0-0.1 per sweep in alfalfa fields in 
Tillman County. (Hatfield). Several hundred adult Coleomegilla maculata 
found congregated under large board adjacent to wheat stubble in Payne 

County. (Walton). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


CARPET BEETLES - OREGON - Carpet beetles, principally Anthrenus verbasci, much 
more abundant in western part of State than has been noted in several years. 
(Every). CALIFORNIA - An unusual number of complaints regarding A. verbasci 
and A. museorum in homes in Contra Costa County. (Peters). 


TERMITES - MINNESOTA - Several additional infestations of Reticulitermes flavipes 
found in St. Paul. These new properties were located im same general area in 
which previous infestations were found earlier in 1958. (Minn. Ins. Rpt.). 
OREGON - Winged forms of R. hesperus appeared at sites of infestations near 
Corvallis, week of November 23. (Every). 


- 983 - 


BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - CALIFORNIA - Reported in 2 apart- 
ments in Oakland, Alameda County. (Peters). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseud. Agrot. Feltia Prod. Perid. Heliothis 
unip. yps. Ssubter. ornith. marg. zea 
ARKANSAS 
Fayetteville 
10/30-11/19 34 1'9 38 
Kelso 10/30-11/19 10 PAIL 1 78 
Morrilton 10/30-11/19 16 26 29 
FLORIDA 
Gainesville 11/18-24 1 3 
Monticello 11/12-18 2 
Quincy 11/11-17 3 
SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 11/24-30 9 26 41 1 1 i 
WISCONSIN 
Middleton 11/22-28 1 2 1 12 


Weather continued from Page 978 


remnants of the storm that had spread a heavy blanket of snow from portions of 
the Mississippi Valley into upper New England, pushed into Canada. Sunday, the 
cold air mass, extending from the Rockies across the Southeast, was reinforced 
by a dome of cold air moving southward from Canada and temperatures remained 
below freezing throughout the day in most sections north of a line from south- 
western Missouri to northern Delaware. 


Snow during the past week extended as far south as the Texas Panhandle. On 
Monday morning, December 1, accumulations up to one foot were reported in parts 
of North Dakota, northern Michigan, western Pennsylvania, interior New York and 
northern areas of New England. In portions of Illinois, the snow on the 30th 
was the second earliest heavy snow this century. At Evansville, Indiana, 

7 inches or more of snow exceeded any previous November monthly or daily total 
snowfall in 62 years. Over the weekend, snow squalls east of Lakes Erie and 
Ontario brought heavy accumulations to some areas. Colden, New York, reported 
21 inches. Maine, Vermont and northern portions of New Hampshire were blanketed 
by amounts up to 11 inches. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


- 984 - 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 


NEW MEXICO 


Prepared by Gerald Nielsen, et al. 


Highlights: There was a general increase in GRASSHOPPER populations over 
1957 on rangeland in all eastern counties, reaching threatening proportions 
only in a few areas. Cropland infestations in the irrigated area along the 
Rio Grande in Valencia, Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties also increased. 
Third-crop alfalfa was severely damaged in Bernalillo and Sandoval Counties. 
Voluntary programs in these three counties reduced crop losses to corn, 
vegetables and fruit trees.,| Two thousand acres of alfalfa were treated on 
the Isleta Indian Pueblo lands. During the summer, large flights of 
Trimerotropis pallidipennis settled on communities throughout the State 

and destroyed about 200 acres of tomato plantings in Luna County. Carrot 
beds were also severely damaged. Many farmers replanted 2 or 3 times. One 
intensive cooperative control program on rangeland was carried out in Union 
County where 148,249 acres were sprayed at the cost of $68,802 or an average 
cost of about 46.5 cents per acre. The 1958 adult grasshopper survey shows 
that there are threatening to severe infestations on 23,200 acres of cropland. 
In addition, 830,820 acres of rangeland were found infested in fifteen 
counties. BEET LEAFHOPPER and wild host plants were more plentiful in 
cultivated and rangeland areas than in the past five years. Western yellow 
blight destroyed tomato stands in Hidalgo, Luna and Lea Counties. The virus 
killed an estimated 25-40 percent of plants in tomato fields at Deming. 
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHIDS parasitized by Praon pallitans were collected early 

in April. This was the first record of this parasite overwintering in 

New Mexico. Praon pallitans became well established in alfalfa fields in 
Mesilla Valley and has dispersed to 20 other counties from the two original 
release sites in Dona Ana and Roosevelt Counties. 


Heavy STINK BUG populations in Quay, Curry, Roosevelt and Lea Counties did 
considerable damage to small grains. FALSE CHINCH BUGS became extremely 
numerous in grain sorghum fields in August and September causing severe 
losses in Quay, Curry, Roosevelt and Luna Counties. INSECTS were a major 
factor in the reduction in yields of tomato fields in Luna and Lea Counties 
from an average of 16 tons to about 4 tons per acre this season. Late 
infestations of PINK BOLLWORM in southern Dona Ana County caused heavy 
damage to green bolls on about 300 acres and was moderately heavy on 700 
additional acres. 


Cereal and Forage Insects: SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) 
infestations appeared to be lighter than in past seasons, except for the 
first two cuttings in Chaves, Dona Ana and Eddy Counties. Several fields 

of seedling alfalfa were killed in Chaves, Eddy and Lea Counties. There was 
an early spring and an early fall buildup in several other counties, but 
little control was needed. Spring and fall buildups of PEA APHID (Macrosiphum 
pisi) caused minor damage to established stands of alfalfa. Some fields of 
seedling alfalfa were damaged in Dona Ana, Chaves and Eddy Counties. 
THREE-CORNERED ALFALFA HOPPER (Spissistilus festinus) was very common in 
southern alfalfa fields, often averaged over one per sweep during the spring 
and 2-3 per sweep during late summer and fall. No severe infestations of 
ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme)were found this season. 


a 


Heavy rains appeared to have reduced populations considerably in many areas 
during late summer. Spotty and light infestations of PALE WESTERN CUTWORM 
(Agrotis orthogonia) and ARMY CUTWORM (Chorizagrotis auxiliaris) were found 

on volunteer wheat in Curry County. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) heavily 
damaged early plantings of corn and later plantings averaged from 60-90 
percent infested. Large populations of THRIPS (Frankliniella occidentalis 

and F. minuta) curled leaves of unsprayed, young alfalfa during May and June. 
Many growers treated for thrips along with treatment for aphids. FALL ARMYWORM 
(Laphygma frugiperda) was light on sorghum heads in Lea County the last week 
of August. LYGUS BUGS began to build up in alfalfa fields in eastern and 

. southern areas during March. Counts were as high as 4-5 adults and 2-10 
nymphs per sweep during May and June, and were a big factor in reducing 
alfalfa seed yields. WESTERN HARVESTER ANT (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) was 
most destructive to rangeland in San Miguel, Union, Harding and Colfax 
Counties. BEET WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) damaged young wheat fields 

in De Baca and Quay Counties during last two weeks of September. A MITE 
(Oligonychus stickneyi) was a serious pest of corn in all areas where it is 
grown for ensilage. SOUTHWESTERN CORN BORER (Zeadiatraea grandiosella) 
infestations in most corn fields in Quay, Curry. De Baca, Roosevelt and Luna 
Counties were 80-100 percent. Light in some sorghum fields. A FALSE CHINCH BUG 
(Nysius raphanus) was heavy and damaged grain sorghum in Luna and also in all 
southeastern counties. About 6000 acres were infested in Curry County alone. 
Losses were estimated at over 50 percent in several fields in Quay and Curry 
Counties. STINK BUGS caused little damage to wheat fields in Quay County and 
WHEAT HEAD ARMYWORM (Faronta diffusa) caused minor damage to wheat in Quay and 
Curry Counties. ALFALFA LOOPER (Autographa californica) was light in alfalfa 
near Raton. VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) was a minor problem in 
1958. WHITE GRUBS were moderate to heavy. Winter wheat in the vicinity of 
Pleasant Hill, Curry County, during October was replanted in several fields. 
Heavy infestations of BLISTER BEETLES damaged alfalfa locally at Gila, Grant 
County. A SERPENTINE LEAF MINER damaged alfalfa foliage of first and second- 
cuttings in southern Eddy County. GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) was light and 
spotty in Curry and Quay Counties during February. Heaviest infestation found 
averaged about 2 per linear foot. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) 
severely damaged barley in southern Dona Ana County and moderate to heavy 
infestations damaged wheat and barley in Roosevelt, Chaves and Eddy Counties 
during the last week of May. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was 
heavy and damaged wheat and barley which had not yet headed out in eastern 
counties during May. 


Fruit Insects: CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) losses were high in most 
orchards of the State, ranging from about 2 percent "wormy"' apples in treated 
orchards to almost 100 percent on unattended backyard trees. CLOVER MITE 
(Bryobia praetiosa complex) eggs were very numerous in untreated orchards 

during early spring and began hatching during first two weeks of April. 

Adults caused severe damage to apple and peach foliage in Lincoln, De Baca, 
Bernalillo, Sandoval, Rio Arriba, Otero and San Juan Counties during early 
summer. Tetranychus sp. was most serious in apple orchards in Rio Arriba, 
Sandoval and San Juan Counties. SHOT-HOLE BORER (Scolytus rugulosus) was 

very destructive in peach orchards in Lincoln, De Baca, Rio Arriba and San Juan 
Counties and killed cherry trees at Tesuque, Santa Fe County. APPLE GRAIN APHID 
(Rhopalosiphum fitchii) infested apple orchards in Espanola Valley during May. 
JUNE BEETLES were a problem on ripening peaches in southern counties. CAT-FACING 
INSECT. damage seriously reduced quality of peaches in Rio Arriba County. Heavy 
oviposition injury by TREEHOPPERS was observed on apple trees at High Rolls, 
Otero County. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) defoliated cherry and choke cherry 
trees in Mora County. During first week of June ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis 
roseus) was heavy in apple orchards in San Juan County, lighter in Rio Arriba, 
Sandoval and Santa Fe Counties. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) caused 


- 986 - 


extreme curling of leaves on peach trees throughout the State. Where control 
measures were not taken, leaves and fruit usually dropped. A SCALE (prob. 
Lecanium pruinosum) became a very serious pest of pecans in Dona Ana County. 

A GRAPE LEAFHOPPER (Erythroneura sp.) was a serious problem in vineyards 
throughout the State where no control was used. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER 
(Argyrotaenia velutinana) damaged at least 1/3 of the apples at Albuquerque. 
Foliage was also severely damaged. A LEAF ROLLER (prob. Archips argyrospila) 

did extensive damage to foliage in apple orchards in Taos County. PEACH TWIG 
BORER (Anarsia lineatella) did extensive damage to terminal growth of peach 
trees in De Baca, Lincoln, Dona Ana, Eddy and Rio Arriba Counties. WOOLLY APPLE 
APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) caused considerable damage to roots of apple trees 

in Hondo Valley during the spring. Light to heavy infestations were observed 
in apple orchards throughout the State. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus) 
was heavy in orchards in Bernalillo, Santa Fe, Sandoval, Rio Arriba and San Juan 
Counties. Lighter infestations were found in all fruit growing areas, FALL 
WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) defoliated pear and apple trees in Rio Arriba and 
Taos Counties. Several infestations damaged foliage on pecan trees in Dona Ana 
County. A PLUM APHID (Anuraphis helichrysi) severely damaged foliage of plum 
trees in De Baca and Bernalillo Counties. 


Truck Crop Insects: CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was serious on lettuce 
again this season, requiring control at regular intervals. They were especially 
destructive on young fall lettuce in Mesilla Valley where the cost of control 
averaged about $35.00 per acre. TOMATO HORNWORM (Protoparce quinquemaculata) 
was a problem on tomatoes and chili in gardens and fields where adequate control 
measures were not used. CORN EARWORM or TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) was 
of minor importance in most tomato fields because of adequate spray program 
until late in the season when rain and harvesting prevented control. Most 
garden corn was 100% infested. During September larvae caused light to heavy 
damage to lettuce fields in Dona Ana County. Several fields were 20-40 percent 
damaged. BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) populations were above normal. 
Curly top did extensive damage to tomatoes in Luna, Valencia, Bernalillo and 
Lea Counties. GRASSHOPPERS were destructive to crops in Valencia, Rio Arriba, 
Bernalillo and Luna Counties. POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) - Exten- 
Sive damage was caused by psyllid yellows in potato fields in San Juan County. 
Very little trouble was encountered in Estancia Valley because of adequate 
control methods. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) was light 
on potatges in Curry County during first week of June. STINK BUGS severely 
damaged cabbage fields in Lea County during July and caused considerable 

damage to home gardens. CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) damaged cabbage 
in Luna and Lea Counties during July. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) was most 
serious on cantaloupes in Valencia, Socorro and Hidalgo Counties. A SPOTTED 
CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella) and STRIPED CUCUMBER 
BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) were heavy on melons necessitating the replanting 

of some fields in Valencia County. Damage also occurred on melons and 
cucurbits in De Baca, Hidalgo, Bernalillo and Rio Arriba Counties. TORTOISE 
BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) damaged chili at Redrock, Grant County. ONION THRIPS 
(Thrips tabaci) was light to heavy on fall and spring onions, depending on con- 
trol used. HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) was heavy and damaged gardens 
in Mora County and was serious on cabbage in Lea County. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE 
(Epilachna varivestis) was heavy on beans in Mora and Estancia Valleys causing 
severe damage where adequate controls were not used. 


Cotton Insects: BOLLWORM (Helivthis zea) was controlledin most areas. Several 
severe infestations, however, damaged cotton in the Animas Valley and Deming 
area. Portions of these fields had as high as 60 percent of the bolls damaged. 
LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were considered as the most destructive pest of cotton 
this season. During early season, light to heavy infestations damaged squares 
and young bolls in all cotton growing areas, MITES were a minor problem in 
most areas. Late season infestations were generally light and spotty. 


- 987 - 


COTTON LEAFWORM (Alabama argillacea) was light and spotty in cotton fields 

this season. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) larvae were a problem throughout 
entire season in cotton fields, until late summer when large numbers of the 
larvae were attacked by a fungus and various species of predators. GRASSHOPPERS 
reduced cotton stands along fence rows and borders of fields in Hidalgo, 
Roosevelt, Luna and Lea Counties. ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) was heavy, 
severely damaging seedling cotton plants in southern counties. Some growers 
were of the opinion that they caused loss of "bottom crop". COTTON FLEAHOPPER 
(Psallus seriatus) damage appeared to be lighter in most fields than in previous 
years. Only occasional specimens of COTTON SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) were 
collected from cotton fields in Dona Ana, Socorro, Eddy and Lea Counties. 
COTTON APHID (Aphis gossypii) was a problem in a few fields early in the season, 
but late season populations were generally heavy in many fields in southern 
counties. During May of 1958, COWPEA APHID (Aphis medicaginis) was only spotty 
and light to moderate in Eddy and Dona Ana Counties, while during the same 
period in 1957 it was generally heavy throughout the cotton growing area. No 
evidence of economic buildup of PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) was 
found in the State until the first of October when several heavy infestations 
of green bolls were found in about 300 acres and moderately heavy infestations 
on 700 additional acres in the southern part of Dona Ana County. 


Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) 
larvae were very abundant on poplar and elm trees throughout the State and 
especially numerous on cottonwood trees along Rio Grande River. A LEAFHOPPER 
(Empoasca bipunctata) - Heavy infestations stippled leaves of elm trees through- 
out the State. A MITE (Oligonychus coniferarum) damaged juniper in Bernalillo 
and Dona Ana Counties. A BUD MITE (Aceria paradianthi) was collected on carna- 
tions in a greenhouse at Albuquerque, the first record for the State.’ AN APHID 
(Cinara tujafilina) was heavy throughout the State on arborvitae . POPLAR 

TWIG GALL APHID (Pemphigus populi-ramulorum) galls were very numerous on poplar 
trees at Hatch. NITIDULIDS (Carpophilus spp.) caused considerable damage to 
roses throughout the State. BOXELDER LEAF ROLLER (Gracilaria negundella) 
denuded boxelder trees in Santa Fe and Rio Arriba Counties during June. 
MOURNING-CLOAK BUTTERFLY (Nymphalis antiopa) larvae defoliated elm trees at 
Willard and Estancia, Torrance County, and Las Vegas, San Miguel County. 
SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE (Scolytus multistriatus) infested Ameritan 

elm trees at Albuquerque. A TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa sp.)was moderate on 
12,000 acres in the Sandia Mountains. Egg masses were moderate to heavy. 

A new outbreak of FIR ENGRAVER BEETLE (Scolytus ventralis) was found in Lincoln 
National Forest and was heavy on 5,000 acres of white fir. S. ventralis also 
caused considerable damage to white fir on Sandia Mountains. The association 
of Ips spp. and Dendroctonus spp. decreased from 1957 when there were about 

one million acres damaged compared with about 200,000 acres in 1958. Damage 

by DOUGLAS-FIR BEETLE (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae) decreased from 700,000 acres 
in 1957 to 500,000 in 1958. SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) 
increased the number of acres partially defoliated in northern New Mexico from 
80,000 acres in 1957 to 220,000 acres in 1958. An ASPEN LEAF ROLLER ( probably 
Archips conflictana) was active in aspen in Carson National Forest, GREAT BASIN 
TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma fragilis) defoliated acreage was about the same 

as in 1957, or about 190,000 acres. A NEEDLE MINER (Recurvaria sp.) has almost 
disappeared in ponderosa pine in Carson National Forest. 


Insects Affecting Man and Animals: "HORN FLY (Siphona irritans) was troublesome 
to cattle and horses throughout the season. MOSQUITOES were much more annoying 
in 1958 in cities along the Rio Grande because of above normal precipitation. 
SPINOSE EAR TICK (Otobius megnini) was moderately heavy on cattle in Dona Ana 
and Luna Counties. CATTLE LICE were prevalent on cattle during winter and 


spring. CATTLE GRUBS (Hypodermaspp.) began attacking cattle in Luna and 
Sierra Counties the latté¢r part of February. Ranchers throughout the State 


- 988 - 


had trouble with larvae of a SCREW-WORM (Callitroga sp.) getting into wounds 

on cattle and horses and were treating cattle during the latter part of October 
in southern counties. SARCOPTIC MANGE MITE (Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis) 
infested several swine herds in Hidalgo County and was fatal to weaner pigs 
when extremely heavy. SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) was quite abundant on 
sheep during Shearing in De Baca, Torrance and Lincoln Counties. 


Beneficial Insects: Praon palitans has become well established in alfalfa 
fields in Mesilla Valley and has dispersed to 20 other counties from the two 
original release sites in Roosevelt and Dona Ana Counties. GREEN LACEWING 
adults and larvae were very abundant in alfalfa and cotton fields throughout 
the cultivated areas of the State. DAMSEL BUGS (Nabis spp.) were very high 

in alfalfa fields all season. A BRACONID (Aphidius testaceipes) parasitized 
cotton aphid in Mesilla Valley cotton fields. Aphids were 70-90 percent para- 
sitized in many fields with as many as 150-200 parasitized aphids per leaf. 
SYRPHID larvae were abundant in wheat fields infested with aphids at Cimmaron, 
Colfax County. 


= OER) 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


PLUM FRUIT MOTH* (Laspeyresia funebrana (Treitschke) ) 


Economic Importance: Plum fruit moth or red plum maggot is a serious pest of 
plum in wide areas of Europe. Its damage has also been reported from Western 
Asia and North Africa. In some years as much as three-fourths of the plum 

crop has been lost to this insect in France. Over 60 percent of the prunes are 
infested annually in the Black Sea area of the Caucasus (USSR) where the moth 
is regarded as the most important pest of the crop. It is also one of the 

main pests of plums in Turkestan (USSR) and in the British Isles. Large 
consignments of plums were condemned at canneries in England in 1935 because 

of red plum maggot. Other stone fruits are also attacked but apparently plum 
is the preferred host. 


Distribution: Temperate Europethrough Siberia (USSR), ASia Minor, North Africa. 


Hosts: Plum, peach, cherry and other stone fruits. Also reported from 
apple and walnut. 


General Distribution of Plum Fruit Moth 


Life History and Habits: The biology is not fully known. In France it has one, 
perhaps two, generations a year. The late appearing moths may represent an 
extended emergence period. The first adults appear about the end of June when 
plums are approaching maturity. Eggs are deposited at the base of the stalk 

of the fruit and hatch in about 10 days. The young larva bores into the tissues 
leaving a conspicuous entrance hole surrounded by frass. From the stem the 
larva migrates into the pulp of the fruit and tunnels around the stone leaving 
behind it rotting tissue mixed with excrement. By the end of August the larva 
is fully fed and bores out of the fruit. A gummy exudate often forms at the 
exit hole. The larva then seeks hibernation quarters such as cracks and 
crevices in the bark. There it spins a cocoon in which it pupates the following 
spring. 


Description: The moth is smaller than the codling moth, having expanse of 
10-14 mm. It is generally dark gray and has some external resemblance to 
oriental fruit moth. The hindwings are uniformily dark brown, a little more 
clear than the forewings. The insect is thickset; wings are rectangular, large, 


*Larva called red plum maggot and adults also known as 
plum tortricid (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera) . No. 69 of Series 


=1990))— 


strongly truncate on extremities and have a poorly developed marginal fringe. 
The genitalia of L. funebrana differ from those ofCarpocapsa pomonella as 
illustrated below. The larva attains a length of 10 mm. It is more slender 
than C. pomonella and the reddish color lighter, almost white, with the head 
and thoracic plate black. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation 
with other ARS agencies and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8 (49) 12-5-58 


Adult and Larva of Laspeyresia funebrana 


Female Genitalia of L. funebrana (1) Male Genitalia of L. funebrana (1) 


and Grapholitha molesta (2) and Grapholitha molesta (2) 
g.- gonapophyses; t8,s8 - tergite & v - valves of forceps; p - copula- 
sternite of 8th abdominal segment tory organ; t9 - tergite of 9th 
t7,s7-tergite & sternite of 7th ab- abdominal segment. 


abdominal segment; o - orifice of 
bursa copulatrix; b - bursa copula- 
trix; st - stigmata; 1 - laminae 
dentatae 


Figures (except map) from Bovey, P. 1937. Rev. de Path. Veget. et d'Entomol. 
Agr. de France 24(3/4): 189-317. 


He AS NOR 
as My 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 December 12, 1958 Number 50 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


Winter grain PEST surveys in some southwestern States. (p. 993). 
SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID damaging alfalfa in Payne County, Oklahoma. (p. 993). 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG survey in New Jersey. (p. 994). PEPPER WEEVIL surveys 
in New Jersey negative for 1958. (p. 994). 


An IPS BEETLE damaging pines and is threat to timber stands in areas of 
Galiiifornaas (pe 99 5)ie 


First KHAPRA BEETLE find in California for six months. (p. 996). 

INSECT DETECTION: A tineid (Ereunetis minuscula) new to Florida. (p. 994). 
CORRECTION. (p. 996). 

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 - Oregon (p. 997), Wyoming (p. 1001). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 1003). 


2 eee ke ic ie 2 cig 2 2c ic ke eg gk ac 2 ok 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 5, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 992 - 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 8 


Blizzards, heavy snow, sleet, glaze and subzero temperatures in the North Central, 
Interior and record-breaking heat and dryness in the far Southwest were the 

main features of the weather of the week. Dry weather has overspread more of 
the country. Precipitation totals were generally under 1/2 inch. Totals 
exceeding 2 inches were reported only in the Pacific Northwest, west of the 
Cascades. In the rest of the Nation there were some areas with amounts over 

1 inch in lower New England, parts of Florida and the States bordering Canada. 
The largest area without measurable precipitation extended from the south- 
western Mexican Border States into the central Mountain States. Some nearby 
States also had small areas without measurable precipitation, as well as a few 
coastal sections of North Carolina and Virginia. In South Carolina, rainfall 
since July was slightly over one-half of normal, and around one-fourth of normal 
for the last 30 days; soil moisture is nearing the critical stage and the soil 
is too dry for plowing. In the southeastern half of Georgia, there have been 
some stations with less than 1/2 inch precipitation during the last 6 weeks. 
Rains in northwestern Florida, generally the first since early November, eased 
the forest fire danger. 


Some icy conditions were reported Tuesday through Sunday, mostly in the north- 
eastern quarter of the country. Freezing rain occurred early in the week in 
North Dakota and Minnesota and spread further south and east during midweek, 
falling in many sections from coastal Maine across the Hudson Valley and 
westward through the upper Mississippi Valley to the eastern Dakotas. This band 
separated the southern rains from the northern snow areas. Another icy band 

at midweek extended from Montana and the northern Rockies into the western 
sections of Kansas and Nebraska and over the east slopes of the mountains in 
New Mexico and in northern Texas. Colorado reported hazardous conditions over 
a large area. In the Pacific Northwest, the weekend rains sometimes froze over 
portions of interior.Washington. In northern interior areas east of the 
Rockies, temperatures for the week averaged from 3° to as much as 11° below 
normal. Subzero minima during the weekend ranged down to -23° at International 
Falls, Minnesota. In contrast, averages for the week in the Far Southwest 
ranged from 4° to 9° above normal, with record-breaking high temperatures for 
December of 94° at Los Angeles Airport, California, 86° at Yuma, Arizona, and 
67° at Ely, Nevada. During the past week, 1 inch or more of new snow fell 

over interior New England, the Ohio Valley, scattered areas in the Mississippi 
Valley down through the Arkansas Mountains and the upper mountain regions of 
the Far West. Travel was hampered by occasional blizzard conditions in 

North Dakota and by snow squalls from there into northern New York and 

New England. A 33-inch snowfall in 24 hours, 15 inches falling in 3 hours, 

and a depth of 56 inches on the ground set new records at Oswego, New York. 
Boonville, New York, reported an accumulated depth of 46 inches and roads were 
blocked and cars abandoned north of Syracuse. A heavy snow cover favored 
northeastern ski resorts for the second consecutive week. (Summary supplied 

by U. S. Weather Bureau.) 


==993 - 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - VIRGINIA - Probably this species, severely 
attacked barley and oats in lower Middlesex County (Edwards) and is heavy on 
oats and barley on a Nottoway County farm (Rowell, Cassell). OKLAHOMA - 
Averaged O-1 per linear foot in scattered fields of fall-seeded wheat in 
southwestern area of State (VanCleave, Meharg) and 0-25 in north central area 
(Wood). Considerable numbers occurred in a field of reseeded wheat in the 
Tonkawa area. (Henderson). TEXAS - Light, non-economical infestations found 
in 21 of 114 small grain fields examined in 13 scattered counties, November 13- 
21. Parasites and predators quite numerous in southern part of State. (Chada). 
None found in 15 fields checked in 5 central counties, December 3. (Hawkins). 
NEW MEXICO - Averaged 0.5-1.5 per linear foot in 50 percent of wheat fields 
examined in Quay, Curry and Roosevelt Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-15 per 
linear foot in some fall-seeded wheat fields in southwestern area (VanCleave, 
Meharg) and 0-50 in north central area (Wood). 


CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-200 per linear 
foot in some southwestern fields of fall-seeded grain. (VanCleave, Meharg). 
NEW MEXICO - Averaged 2-4 per linear foot in barley in Quay, Curry and 
Roosevelt Counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) - TEXAS - Light, non-economical 
infestations found in 10 of 114 fields of small grain examined, November 13-21. 
Infestations were located in 7 counties. (Chada). None found in 15 small grain 
fields examined in 5 central counties, December 3. (Hawkins). 


WINTER GRAIN MITE (Penthaleus major) - TEXAS - Up to 40-50 per square foot, 
mostly in volunteer grain, found in 10 of 114 fields examined November 13-21. 
Infestations were found in 8 counties. Growing conditions are good, damage 
not apparent. (Chada). Infestations up to 40-50 per square foot found in 

2 fields of volunteer grain in McLennan County; light infestations in 2 fields 
in Navarro County; and 2 fields in Bosque and Falls Counties had light damage. 
Survey made December 3. (Hawkins). 


LEAFHOPPERS - TEXAS - Light infestations in practically all small grain fields. 
(Chada) . 


VARIEGATED CUTWORM (Peridroma margaritosa) - TEXAS - Averaged 2 per square foot 
in field of grain and vetch in Navarro County. (Hawkins). 


PINK SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR (Pyroderces rileyi) - PENNSYLVANIA - Two adults 
in kernel of field corn near Philadelphia, November 22. (Menusan). 


APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Sappaphis foeniculus and Aphis medicaginis medium on 
clover in the Natoma area of Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) - NEW MEXICO - Generally light in alfalfa fields 
in southern part of State. Winged forms abundant. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - VIRGINIA - Remained active 

on alfalfa in Franklin County. (Rowell, White). OKLAHOMA - Heavy populations 
seriously damaged or killed alfalfa plants in 2 Payne County fields. (Walton). 
NEW MEXICO - Generally light in fields in southern counties. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


BROWN WHEAT MITE (Petrobia latens) - OKLAHOMA - Small numbers in fall-seeded 
fields,Tillman and Garfield Counties. (VanCleave, Meharg). TEXAS - None found 
in small grain examined in north central, central and southern areas, Nov. 13-21 
(Chada) or in 5 central counties checked Dec. 3 (Hawkins). 


= |994) — 


MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) - NEW JERSEY - Except for 1956, 
egg mass numbers have declined steadily Since the beginning of fall surveys in 
1953 and the species has been considered less important as a pest of alfalfa. 
Egg populations in 1958 are lower than at any time in the past. It appears 
that the species will be less of a pest in 1959 than at any time since 1954. 
Highest populations can be expected in Gloucester County and northwestern 
counties, as usual. (Coop. Sur.). 


WHITE GRUBS - VIRGINIA - Cyclocephala sp. believed species responsible for 
damage of lawn in Boones Mill area, Franklin County, and for complaints of 
lawn damage in Blacksburg, Montgomery County. (Amos). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


AN ACORN MOTH (Valentinia glandulella) - VIRGINIA - Larvae caused heavy damage 
to Chinese chestnuts in Northampton County this fall. Det. H. W. Capps. 
(Rowell, Nottingham). 


HICKORY SHUCKWORM (Laspeyresia caryana) - TEXAS - Damaged pecans in Polk County. 
(Wrenn). 


A TINEID (Ereunetis minuscula) - FLORIDA - Larvae collected on lychee at 
Clearwater, Pinellas County, constitute first record for State. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


Citrus Insect Situation, Lake Alfred, Florida, Fourth Week in November —- 
PURPLE SCALE activity declined. Infestations presently about average, but 
expected to go to low level in most districts during December. FLORIDA RED 
SCALE will remain near present high level for next 7-14 days. Although 
infestations generally will drop during December, level will be high throughout 
the month. CITRUS RED MITE activity increased, infestation level about normal 
for this time of year. Higher level expected in December. CITRUS RUST MITE 
activity decreased on leaves and fruit. Infestations will remain near present 
levels during December. TEXAS CITRUS MITE infestations decreased and are 
expected to remain below present levels through the winter. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


A CUTWORM (Proxenus mindara) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae damaged cantaloup plantings 
in Fresno County earlier in 1958 and are now damaging sweetpotato plantings. 
Medium numbers of adults taken in light traps, week of December 5. Adults 
reared from larvae that attacked cantaloup determined as this species by George 
Okumura. (Forst, Lange). 


CARROT WEEVIL (Listronotus oregonensis) - TEXAS —- Heavy and feeding on parsley 


in Hidalgo County. (White). 


COWPEA WEEVIL (Callosobruchus maculatus) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy on black-eyed 
peas in Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


PEPPER WEEVIL (Anthonomus eugenii) - NEW JERSEY - During June and July, 1958, 
32 fields in the previously infested area were checked for this weevil and in 
September and October 29 fields in the same area were checked again. No 
weevils were found in either the formal survey or the informal searches. It 
appears that the infestation, which was established in the Vineland area, 

did not survive the winter in detectable numbers. (Coop. Sur.). 


- 995 - 


RED-NECKED CANE BORER (Agrilus ruficollis) - VIRGINIA - Heavy in red 
raspberry canes in Blacksburg and caused loss of crop. (Willard, Kite). 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - CALIFORNIA - Light on broccoli in the 
Arroyo Grande area of San Luis Obispo County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


LEAF MINERS - CALIFORNIA - General on spinach plantings in Woodland area of 
Yolo County. Oviposition punctures on most cotyledons and first true leaves. 
No mining at this time. (Stombler). 


COTTON INSECTS 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - NEW MEXICO - Inspection of infested 
cotton fields in southern Dona Ana County showed that recent freezing 
temperatures killed larvae in top green bolls, but an occasional live larva 
was found in lower dry bolls. (N. M. Coop. Rpt.). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus frontalis) - NORTH CAROLINA - Situation 
improved over last report of infestation of pine in Tyrrell County. (Green). 
See CEIR 8(37) :803. 


WESTERN PINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus brevicomis) - CALIFORNIA - Caused considerable 
killing of groups of pines in Nevada-Yuba County areas. Results of logging 
activities considered responsible for insect increase. (Gunter, Noyes). 


AN IPS BEETLE (Ips plastographus) - CALIFORNIA - Considerable damage to 
Monterey pine in Cambria area, San Luis Obispo County. Heavy infestations 
developed as result of logging operations and are aggressively attacking and 
killing large numbers of trees. Scattered infestations in Carmel-Point 
Lobos area constitute threat to timber stands. (Struble). 


OAK SKELETONIZER (Bucculatrix ainsliella) - PENNSYLVANIA - Cocoons covering 
bark of oak in Erie County, Sept. 29. (Adams). 


A SAWFLY (Neodiprion pratti pratti) - NORTH CAROLINA - Reported in CEIR 8(21) :415 
as Neodiprion sp. prob. dyari and in CEIR 8(46) :941 as Neodiprion sp., 
determined as this species by B. D. Burks. (Farrier). 


SCALE INSECTS - TEXAS - Icerya purchasi damaged ornamentals in Limestone 
County. (Kinchelse). CALIFORNIA - Aspidiotus camelliae medium on holly in 
Watsonville, Santa Cruz County. Lineaspis cupressi heavy on juniper in the 
Coalinga area, Fresno County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A BARK APHID (Pterocomma smithae) - MARYLAND - On willow in Ellicott City and 
Rockville. Many eggs on twigs. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - UTAH - Appearing in backs of some cattle in 
Millard and Box Elder Counties. : (Knowlton). 


SHEEP SCAB MITE (Psoroptes equi var. ovis) - VIRGINIA - Found on 518 of 538 
sheep inspected in the State during October. (Morris). 


- 996 - 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 
KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Single, heavy infestation 


reported from Ripley, Riverside County, is first infestation reported in 
6 months. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


BENEFICIAL INSECTS 
PREDATORS - OKLAHOMA - Hippodamia convergens averaged O-1 and Nabis sp. 0-2 
per linear foot in fields of fall-seeded grain in southwestern area of State. 


H. convergens averaged up to 600 per square foot in little bluestem grass in 
the same area. (VanCleave, Meharg). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) - MARYLAND - Troublesome to 
homeowners in Westminster, Rockville and Silver Spring. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE - UTAH - Damaged a home at Ephraim, Sanpete County. 
(Knowlton). 


CORRECTION 


CEIR 8(48) :963 - PEA APHID - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 5-25 per sweep in some alfalfa 
fields in northeastern area. 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseudaletia Agrotis Feltia Heliothis 
unipuncta ypsilon subterranea zea 
LOUISIANA 
Baton Rouge 11/28-12/4 4 16 28 2 
Franklin 11/28-12/4 2 2 
MISSISSIPPI 
*State College 11/22-24 14 3 3 


*Two traps - State College. 


Oa 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 


OREGON 


Prepared by Joseph Capizzi* 


Highlights: PAINTED-LADY was a major problem, attacking many vegetables during 
early summer. Forewarned by large light trap collections at Salem and Walla 
Walla, extremely large numbers of BLACK and VARIEGATED CUTWORMS that appeared 
in the State were not unexpected. ALFALFA LOOPER was one species of looper 
that caused considerable damage from Umatilla County west to Linn and Benton 
Counties. CABBAGE LOOPER was a problem throughout the season in the northern 
Willamette Valley. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH continued to gain locally in the Salem 
area with twice as many moths collected in baitpans (347) as in 1957. Twenty 
orchards are known infested. CYCLAMEN MITE was found in commercial strawberry 
plantings in the Willamette Valley. Nineteen of 196 fields inspected were 
found infested this fall. BEET ARMYWORM, uncommon in Oregon, appeared in 
large numbers attacking truck crops and damaged ripening fruit. SPOTTED 
ALFALFA APHID invaded the State September 13. Subsequent surveys established 
its presence in four northern counties. 


Cereal and Forage Insects: GRASSHOPPER populations (predominately Melanoplus 
Spp.) were the lowest recorded in the Willamette Valley for several years. 

From USDA reports, this was true of the entire State in 1958. MORMON CRICKET 
(Anabrus simplex) nymphs averaged 25 per square yard on 3500 acres of rangeland 
in Gilliam County April 29. Near freezing weather the week of May 17 decreased 
this-infestation to less than one per square yard. A LEAF MINER (Phytomyza 
nigra) waS more numerous than for several years on grass and grain fields in 
Benton and Lane Counties. CUTWORMS (Peridroma margaritosa and Agrotis ypsilon) 
damaged several hundred acres of barley and some oat fields were 10-30 percent 
damaged in lower Klamath Lake area June 23. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea)was 
very abundant with nearly all fields 100 percent infested in the upper Columbia 
River counties by harvest time. Increased infestations developed in the mid- 
Willamette Valley counties during 1958, with cannery Samples showing losses 

' ranging to 7 percent of ear weight. Late season losses showed 60-90 percent 

of ears damaged. A FLEA BEETLE (probably Diachus auratus) caused unusual 

amount of damage to crimson clover in Polk County. The overwintering generation 
appeared in large numbers in early May. A MITE (Siteroptes graminum) implicated 
in the transmission of "silvertop disease'' to fescue, was recovered from Chew- 
ings fescue in January, and found in diseased grass stems in Clackamas County 
June 11. OMNIVOROUS LEAF TIER (Cnephasia longana) populations were low compared 
with those of 1957. ENGLISH GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was light to 
moderate in wheat near Milton-Freewater and small fields near Pratum, and 
increased in Umatilla County by mid-season but was not reported as damaging 

from any other growing areas. As a yellow dwarf virus vector, it was of concern 
in spring planted barley and oats in the Willamette Valley. PEA LEAF WEEVIL 
(Sitona lineata) damaged legumes during the spring from Columbia County south 
through Polk and Marion Counties. Increase in range noted through Linn and 
Benton Counties and well into Lane County. Pea leaf weevil disappeared from 
Polk and Yamhill County legume fields between July 23-30 probably because of 
extremely hot weather. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) was numerous 

in Klamath County from early March on alsike clover but was not unusually 
abundant elsewhere during 1958. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) did not build 


*With the assistance of entomologists from the State Department of Agriculture, 
Oregon State College and other agencies. 


- 998 - 


up excessively in the Willamette Valley but high populations appeared in 
Gilliam and Umatilla Counties in early April and late May. In Ontario, 
controls on alfalfa were necessary the end of May. Alsike clover and alfalfa 
were seriously infested in early June in Klamath County. In Jackson County, 
populations varied from field to field throughout the season. ALFALFA WEEVIL 
(Hypera postica) was not a serious threat during 1958. LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) 
were generally abundant and damaged seed legumes where controls were delayed 
or omitted. Particular areas of above normal infestation were near 
Ontario-Adrian, and in Umatilla County on alfalfa. CLOVER SEED WEEVIL 
(Miccotrogus picirostris) caused moderate damage to alsike clover in Klamath 
County and to ladino in Linn County in early June. CLOVER ROOT BORER 
(Hylastinus obscurus) was serious locally in Marion County in first-year 

red clover seed fields. A BILLBUG (Calendra venatus confluens) damaged lawns 
in Benton County and Merion blue grass fields in Marion County. HESSIAN FLY 
(Phytophaga destructor) incidence was low in 1958, with light early season 
damage to winter wheat in Polk, Marion and Yamhill Counties. A NITIDULID 
(Meligethes nigrescens) began migrating to red clover July 4, two weeks 
earlier than in 1957. Pole beans were not in blossom at this time. Emergence 
reached a rapid peak and populations dropped below economic levels by July 21. 
TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) populations were high in 
Umatilla County alfalfa fields during July and control was necessary. 


Fruit Insects: CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) emerged May 1 in Jackson 
County, May 8 in the Willamette Valley and May 11 and 14 at The Dalles and 

Hood River respectively. In Jackson County a partial third brood developed. 
More fruit injury occurred than usual. In Hood River, infestations were 

heavy and larger catches were made than at any time since 1953. BLACK CHERRY 
APHID (Myzus cerasi) emerged in the mid-Willamette Valley about March 16, built 
up in many cherry orchards in May and gradually dropped by early August. 
First-brood nymphs of PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) were observed March 11 in 
the Medford area, considerably in advance of 1957. Heavy natural mortality 
occurred early in the season in Jackson County. Control was less difficult than 
in 1957. In the Willamette Valley, pear psylla was more abundant than usual. 
PEAR THRIPS (Taeniothrips inconsequens) populations were generally lower than 

in 1957. ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) trapping continued on a 
large scale throughout the State. The first moth was collected near Salem 

May 7. Populations increased in known infested orchards. Fruit damage was 
noted for the first time in this area. CALIFORNIA PEAR-SLUG (Pristiphora 
californica) - An unusual occurrence in the Medford area caused considerable 
defoliation to pear orchards in early May. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) 
built up in Benton County apple orchards in early July. A slight increase over 
1957 was noted in Jackson County. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE continued to show 
resistance to organic phosphates in the Medford area. Spotty infestations 
occurred in Jackson County pear orchards. In the Willamette Valley, populatiens 
built up on stone fruits in late August. At Hood River, this and Eotetranychus 
carpini were more abundant during July on apples and pears than in the previous 
four years. PEACH SILVER MITE (Vasates cornutus) became quite abundant on peach 
foliage after harvest in the Medford area. A PLUM NURSERY MITE (Vasates fockeui) 
severely damaged prune nursery stock in Portland and young prune trees in the 
Willamette Valley in early August. RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR (Schizura concinna) 
was abundant in poorly kept apple orchards in Deschutes County in August, and 
appeared locally in apple, prune and other fruit orchards in Milton-Freewater. 
PEACH TWIG BORER (Anarsia lineatella) numbers were larger than normal in the 
Willamette Valley during June and caused late summer fruit damage in a few 
Clackamas County peach orchards. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) eggs were on 5 percent 
of apple trees in several orchards at Milton-Freewater in February. Eggs in the 
Medford area were not as abundant as in 1957. Apple aphid was active and moder- 
ately plentiful in Benton County apple orchards by March 16. PEAR LEAF BLISTER 
MITE (Eriophyes pyri) eggs ranged from few to 154 per bud February 17 at Medford. 


= ERIE) = 


First brood appeared March 4 in Jackson County. Populations appeared on the 
decrease in 1958. A build-up was observed in Marion and Yamhill County pear 
orchards in May. Infestations of WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) were 
reported from Yamhill County apple orchards in May. LECANIUM SCALE (Lecanium 
corni) was fairly abundant in Marion County prune and cherry orchards during 

the winter months. Peaches in Yamhill and prunes in Marion Counties were 
reported infested in May. OBLIQUE-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosaceana) was 
heavy in neglected apple orchards in the Willamette Valley during May. 

WESTERN CHERRY FRUIT FLY (Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens) controls were 
adequate when spray programs were followed. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE was 
generally low in small fruits where it was troublesome in 1957. Build-up 

in late summer required some control. Strawberries in Yamhill and Marion 
Counties had spotty infestations in late August and September. STRAWBERRY 
CROWN MOTH (Ramosia bibionipennis) was heavy in some Washington County hill 
plantings in March. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) hatched in 
the Willamette Valley the week of April 6. Heavy populations built up on 
legumes, but remained normal on strawberries in 1958. CURRANT FRUIT FLY 
(Epochra canadensis) emerged from cages in Marion County April 21 and was no 
problem where control methods were adhered to. STRAWBERRY APHID (Pentatrichopus 
fragaefolii) was unusually abundant early in the season in Multnomah County 
plantings, but dropped off sharply in late summer. ORANGE TORTRIX (Argyrotaenia 
citrana) was moderate on blackberries and boysenberries in Marion County on 

May 29, and caused some damage to raspberry plantings in Linn County and boysen- 
berry plantings in Yamhill County, with some fruit loss in June. It was also 
troublesome in blackberry plantings in Marion County August 8. STRAWBERRY 

LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) required control in Polk County in 
early August. CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) was found in 19 of 

196 strawberry fields surveyed in Willamette Valley during September and October; 
most fields were lightly infested. These were the first known infestations in 
commercial plantings in the State. 


Nut Insects: Sticky board trap surveys for WALNUT HUSKFLY (Rhagoletis completa) 
in walnut growing areas of the State were negative. Unusual infestations of 
walnut by CODLING MOTH were reported from Eugene, Medford and Salem late in the 
season. A LEAF ROLLER (Archips rosana) populations remained low in most areas 
throughout the season. First adults were observed June 27 in the Willamette 
Valley. FILBERTWORM (Melissopus latiferreanus) emerged June 25 in Benton County, 
the earliest in 11 years. Infestations were spotty (lower than in 1957) in the 
Willamette Valley. APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) is of increasing concern 
to filbert growers in the Gervais area. Populations increased and reduction of 
yield was evident in a few orchards. Crawlers were first observed February 16. 
Egg-laying observed April 14 and by July 11, nymphs were observed feeding on 
foliage. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) was abundant, with 4-6 tents common 
per walnut tree in the Salem area July 27. Filberts, apples and other fruit 
trees were infested in the Willamette Valley, particularly in poorly kept 
orchards, 


Truck Crop Insects: LYGUS BUGS (Lygus spp.) were abundant in Umatilla County 
sugarbeet fields May 1. Controls were applied intermittently through the year. 
Over-all damage by ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya antiqua) was light throughout the State. 
BEAN APHID (Aphis fabae) built up near Jefferson and other Willamette Valley 
bean growing areas in early July and dropped below economic levels by late July. 
SLUGS caused severe damage to several bean plantings in Linn and Marion Counties 
the week of July 13, necessitating replanting. Corn foliage was also injured in 
Benton County. PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) was present in outbreak proportions 
during 1958. Large flights were observed in Linn County in mid-May. In June 
infestations were general on truck crops and wild host plants throughout the 
State. Beans, peas and mint were damaged in particular. CUTWORMS (Peridroma 
margaritosa and Agrotis ypsilon) were abundant in the Willamette Valley, doing 
economic damage in late June and early July. Corn, beans, mint and beets were 
seriously damaged in some areas. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) required 


= 1000 — 


control in potato seed acreages of Klamath County in late June and early July. 
WESTERN STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma trivittata) appeared in the Willamette 
Valley for the first time since 1947, infesting a small planting of squash and 
cucumbers in Benton County. WESTERN SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica unde- 
cimpunctata) continued serious on truck crops, home gardens and flower beds, 
with some alfalfa and peach fruit injury in Yamhill County. Bean plantings in 
the Willamette Valley were heavily attacked. BEET ARMYWORM (Laphygma exigua) 
appeared in large numbers from Columbia County south to Jackson County. 

A variety of crops were attacked. Damage was first observed in late July when 
large acreages of kale and beets were severely damaged in Benton County. In 
mid-August, a Second generation appeared and damage continued until September 6. 
CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) adults and nymphs injured broccoli and 
young cauliflower plantings in the Gresham-Woodburn-Hillsboro areas August 1-10. 
Populations built up gradually on the fall crop, were moderate and general 
August 18-26, and, despite control practices, high populations existed into 
early September. CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) infestations so severe as 

to resist control through July-August and early September existed in Washington, 
Multnomah and Marion Counties during 1958. Populations on cauliflower and 
broccoli were higher than those noted for several years. At the same time and 
location, DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) was moderate but persisted 
until cauliflower and broccoli were harvested. Controls were only fair. 
IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was moderate, resisted controls. TWO-SPOTTED 
SPIDER MITE built up in late summer on many crops including hops, corn and 
gooseberries in the Willamette Valley. The spring survey to determine the over- 
wintering population of BEET LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) in Morrow and 
Umatilla Counties began April 15. The over-all mean population for the 220 
square foot samples taken was .165 per square foot, considerably smaller than 
the 1.31 recorded in 1957. More attention needs be directed to breeding areas 
immediately adjacent beet fields, as roadbanks, ditches, pathways and otherwise 
disturbed areas support a large population on wild hosts. In addition, volun- 
teer Sugar beets in the fields are heavily infested and pose an immediate threat 
to the emerging new planting. Surveys made in the 4-6 leaf stage on May 1 in 
the Hermiston area averaged 1-2 beet leafhoppers per linear foot of row. Late 
season estimates show curly top loss varied with location and time of planting. 
Ten percent loss to curly top virus disease was common in several Umatilla 
County sugar beet fields. 


Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: HOLLY LEAF MINER (Phytomyza ilicis) infested 
a large commercial planting of holly in Portland for the first time. Surveys 
show no increase in the known infested area of the State, but known infesta- 
tions generally increased over 1957. ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) 
infested elm throughout the State. POPLAR AND WILLOW BORER (Sternochetus 
lapathi) heavily damaged willow and poplar in Benton County. FOREST TENT 
CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma disstria) and WESTERN TENT CATERPILLAR’ (M. pluviale) 
emerged in the Willamette Valley by April 20. Infestations on agricultural 
crops were negligible. Considerable defoliation occurred in host trees along 
river banks and sloughs. 


Beneficial Insects: A SEED INFESTING WEEVIL (Apion ulicis) was released at four 
new sites, two each in Lane and Curry Counties. This weevil was introduced in 
1955 to aid in the control of the gorse plant. Inspection of original release 
sites in Coos County disclosed huge populations present but still restricted to 
small areas. KLAMATHWEED BEETLES (Chrysolina spp.) show good control of the 
host weed in all areas of the State. Considerable western acreage is now 
completely free of the weed. An ALKALI BEE (Nomia melanderi) activity began 

a month early, ceased a month early. 


- 1001 - 


Household Insects: A SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes hesperus)and a_ 
DAMPWOOD TERMITE (Zootermopsis angusticollis) are becoming more Serious each 
year. This is partly related to the type of modern home construction that 
permits easy access and favorable conditions for termite development. 

CARPET BEETLES appear on the increase as house pests. Other insects 
troublesome in homes are INDIAN-MEAL MOTH, POWDER POST BEETLES, CLOVER 

MITE, PLANT BUGS, a WEEVIL (Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus) and BROWN-BANDED 
ROACH. This last named insect is becoming more generally distributed 

over the State. 


Stored-grain Pests: Total of 228 inspections, initial and repeat, were made 
for KHAPRA BEETLE during 1958 with negative results. Common pests of stored 
grains and grain products found were the CADELLE, GRANARY MITE (Glycyphagus 
destructor) , GRAIN MITE (Acarus siro) , SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE, FLAT GRAIN 
BEETLE, GRANARY WEEVIL and MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH. LESSER GRAIN BORER was 
found in one grain establishment in Grants Pass and two in Ontario. 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 


WYOMING 


Prepared by Arlen D. Davison 


Highlights: BEET WEBWORM caused the most concern to farmers and ranchers this 
year. COTTONY MAPLE SCALE was found in two counties of the State. EUROPEAN 
EARWIG (Forficula auricularia) was found for the first time at Cheyenne, 
Laramie County. 


Cereal and Forage Insects: ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) caused moderate 
damage to alfalfa on the elk refuge in Teton County during June and early July 
and minor damage to second-cutting alfalfa in Goshen and Lincoln Counties 
during July. During mid-August populations averaged 30 larvae per 20 sweeps 

in several fields in northern locations while in others only 2-3 larvae were 
found. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) caused moderate damage 
to red clover hay in Teton County, on a limited scale in Park County. BEET 
WEBWORM (Loxostege sticticalis) adults were very abundant in Goshen County in 
late June but the expected larval population did not develop. Larvae were 
extremely abundant but restricted feeding to fanweed, lupine, lambsquarters and 
other weeds in Teton County, caused extensive damage to several bean fields and 
radish fields during July in Park County, severely damaged sugar beets in the 
Worland area, although control measures were applied, and destroyed several 

new alfalfa plantings in Sweetwater and Lincoln Counties. PEA APHID 
(Macrosiphum pisi) populations varied greatly throughout the season, with 
150-200 per 10 sweeps in alfalfa throughout the State in August. During the 
week of September 12, many western alfalfa fields had as high as 750-800 per 

10 sweeps. A heavy infestation retarded growth of second-cutting alfalfa in 
Platte County. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) was present throughout 
the southeastern section from August 1 to September 25, with minor damage 
reported. HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) caused an estimated 2 percent 
loss of winter wheat in the northeastern part of the State. VARIEGATED CUTWORM 
(Peridroma margaritosa) caused minor damage in two alfalfa fields in Goshen 
County during September. An’outbreak of MORMON CRICKET (Anabrus simplex) 
occurred near Casper, Natrona County, the week of July 4. Movement was confined 
to foothills and rangeland. No serious damage was reported. WHEAT CURL MITE 
(Aceria tulipae) - Wheat streak mosaic caused moderate losses in isolated areas 


- 1002 - 


in the spring and in the fall was observed in isolated eastern areas. Efforts 
to collect the vector have thus far failed but it is undoubtedly present. 
GRASSHOPPERS caused severe damage to hay and crops in the Mill Creek area 
northeast of Lander during July and August. The most important species present 
were Melanoplus packardii, M.bivittatus, Camnula pellucida and nymphs and 
adults of M. femur-rubrum. M. bivittatus, M. bilituratus and M. femur-rubrum 
-damaged winter wheat in the Albin area, Laramie County, during September. Up 
to 12 drill rows were destroyed in some fields. 


Fruit Insects: PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) damaged sweet and sour cherry 
trees in Goshen and Platte Counties throughout the summer. 


Truck Crop Insects: POTATO PSYLLID (Paratrioza cockerelli) populations fluctu- 
ated greatly throughout the growing season. Population averaged 8 per 50 
sweeps in Cheyenne on June 27 and 44 on matrimonyvine forty miles to the east. 
None were found on early potatoes. The situation reversed with 55 per 50 
sweeps at Cheyenne and 10 at Pine Bluffs on July 11. The population never 
averaged more than 4 per 100 sweeps on potatoes in southeastern area. The 
highest count in northern part of State was 10 per 50 sweeps in Washakie 
County. In general, control measures resulted in very little damage. 

MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was first observed during the week 
of June 27 in southeastern Wyoming. By August 1, the population averaged 2 
adults and 4 larvae per 100 sweeps in Laramie, Goshen and Platte Counties, 
with light damage occurring. ~ During the last of August and early September 
beetles completely defoliated many fields in Goshen County. BEET LEAFHOPPER 
(Circulifer tenellus) infected several sugar beet fields with the curly top 
virus in Platte and Converse Counties during early August. The insect was not 
collected but the resulting disease caused a 20 percent loss in some fields in 
Platte County and a 1-2 percent loss in Converse County. 


Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: COTTONY MAPLE SCALE (Pulvinaria 
innumerabilis) was found in two isolated areas during the summer. It is 
fairly numerous in Torrington, Goshen County, and was found in one yard in 
Worland, Washakie County. To date these are the only areas in the State in 
which it has been found. OYSTERSHELL SCALE (Lepidosaphes ulmi), EUROPEAN ELM 
SCALE (Gossyparia spuria) and PINE NEEDLE- SCALE (Phenacaspis pinifoliae) were 
common on Shade trees and shrubs throughout the State. All have resulted in 
loss of many yard trees and shrubs. 


Insects Affecting Man and Animals: Control programs for CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma 
Tineatum and H. bovis) are progressing well. In Sheridan County 1-2 percent of 


the horses used by several dude ranches were infested with grubs. 


Miscellaneous Insects: Several specimens of EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula 
auricularia) were found for the first time in Laramie County. 


- 1003 - 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 
CHESTNUT WEEVIL (Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal)) 


Economic Importance: This curculio is one of the most serious pests of 
chestnuts in Europe. The larvae feed in the nuts, often completely destroying 
them. Additional injury is caused by the adults which puncture the base of 
the young nuts to feed, causing a premature nut fall as high as 20 percent of 
the crop in some instances. In Bulgaria it sometimes damages 70 percent of 
the crop. Larvae of this pest have been intercepted frequently at U. S. ports 
of entry in past years in chestnuts from Europe. 


Distribution: Recorded in Italy, France, Austria, Germany, Greece, Bulgaria, 
Algeria, Spain, Lebanon, Yugoslavia, Portugal, Hungary and Switzerland. 


Hosts: Chestnuts and acorns. 


* 160" 140" 120" 
FP Tali 


General Distribution of Curculio elephas (Gyllenhal) 


Life History and Habits: The adults are present from mid-July till October in 
France. The eggs are deposited singly in little holes made in the fruit. Each 
female will lay approximately 20 eggs. Larvae enter the cotyledons, their 
entrance holes rapidly becoming invisible. The presence of larvae in chestnuts 
is very difficult to detect. Larvae leave chestnuts in about 40 days after 

the eggs are laid, and enter the soil, where they pass the winter, and pupate 
about mid-June. Occasionally pupation and adult emergence occur in the nuts. 
Infested fruits usually fall prematurely and are often attacked by fungi. 


(Curculionidae, Coleoptera) No. 70 of Series 


- 1004 - 


Description: The rostrum of the female is as long as the body and twice as long 
as that of the male. The tarsus is long and slender and the dorsal side is 
uniformly composed of lanceolate yellowish or grayish scales. Antenna is very 
long and thin and covered with pubescence. The eyes are large. The general 
color of the weevil is russet with an ashen overcast from a dense pubescence. 
Length 6-9 mm. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey Section in cooperation with 

other ARS agencies and the U. S. N. M.) CEIR 8 (50) 12-12-58 


Figures of Curculio elephas (Gyll.) : A-pupa; B-mature larva; C-adult; 
D-head of mature larva; E-lateral-half of metathorax, mature larva. 


Figures (except map): Adult, larva and pupa from Colizza, C. 1928-1929. 


Bol. del Lab. di Zool. Generale e Agraria 22:244-262. Larval head and 


lateral-half of metathorax from La Ferla, A. 1945. Bol. R. Lab. Ent. Agrar. 
Portici 5:308-311. 


en an 
ee” 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE — 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and doesnot assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 December 19, 1958 Number 51 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


x ¥ ~ m 4 


Seasons Greetings 


x * * 
“ ms 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


BOLL WEEVIL hibernation survey in North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia 
shows lower populations than in 1957. (p. 1008). 


INSECT DETECTION: A weevil (Brachyrhinus meridionalis) new to Washington. 
(p. 1008). An ant (Cardiocondyla nuda minutior) reported from California for 
the first time. (p. 1009). 

SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 - Maine (p. 1010), Delaware (p. 1012). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 1017). 


FOO OR IC I A I I GK ak 2k aC 2k 2k 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 12, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 1006 - 


WEATHER BUREAU 30-DAY OUTLOOK 


MID-DECEMBER 1958 TO MID-JANUARY 1959 


The Weather Bureau's 30-day outlook for the period mid-December to mid-January 
calls for temperatures to average below seasonal normals over the eastern half 
of the nation except for near normal in the Florida Peninsula. Above normal 
temperatures are expected to prevail west of the Continental Divide. In the 
intervening area of the Central Plains about normal averages are in prospect, 
but with large variations about the normal. Precipitation is expected to equal 
or exceed normal east of the Appalachians, along the Gulf Coast, and over the 
eastern Great Lakes. In central and northern portions much of this will be in 
the form of snow. Equal or above normal amounts are also expected over the 
Pacific Northwest and in the Central and Northern Plains. In the remainder of 
the country subnormal precipitation is anticipated. 


Weather forecast given here is based on the official 30-day "Resume and Outlook", 
published twice a month by the Weather Bureau. You can subscribe through 
Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $4.80 a year, $2.40 

a half year. 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 15 


Extreme cold and widespread snowfall featured the week's weather east of the 
Continental Divide, while unseasonably mild temperatures continued in the Far 
West as drought and a high fire hazard plagued parts of California. Heavy 
precipitation during the week was limited mostly to the Southeast and East Coast 
and the Pacific Northwest. As southward creeping Arctic air hovered over most 
of the North American Continent, temperatures remained far below normal levels 
throughout the week in northern areas east of the Divide and in southern areas 
the latter part. In the Great Lakes region and upper Mississippi Valley, 
temperatures, below the zero mark most nights and even during some days at a 
few stations, averaged as much as 26° below seasonal levels for the week. 
Although few new extreme low temperature records were reported, lows ranging 
from zero to a few degrees above in Oklahoma were the lowest at many stations 
for December in 30 years, and the mercury touched the zero mark at Hartford, 
Connecticut, the earliest on record. For New England, the first half of 
December rates among the coldest in 48 years. A low of -19° at Wabash, 
Indiana,on the 10th was the second lowest ever recorded in that State so 

early in December; the lowest was -30° at Marengo on the same date in 1917. 
Some other lows reported from extreme northern areas included -34° at 
International Falls, Minnesota, on the 10th; -23° at Lone Rock, Wisconsin, on 
the 13th; and -22° at Newport, Vermont, on the llth. Following a weekend cold 
wave in Louisiana and Texas, temperatures dropped below freezing, except in 
the lower Rio Grande Valley where freezing was prevented by a cloud cover. 
Freezing was general over Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and northern Florida 
on 1 or 2 days. 


Precipitation in most areas east of the Rockies, owing to low temperatures, 
fell as snow. The main snowfall occurred during a coastal storm on the llth 
and 12th. Some snow was reported in all the Southern States, but the most 
remarkable falls occurred in the eastern Carolinas and Virginia where 7-8 
inches covered extensive areas, with extreme amounts of 16-18 inches in 

north central and northeastern North Carolina. Amounts tapered off to a few 
inches farther north. At the end of the week, 1-9 inches of snow still covered 
most sections of the eastern Seaboard States from the Carolinas northward. In 
the midcontinent area a 1 to 4-inch cover extended over the northern half of 


Weather continued on Page 1016 


- 1007 - 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - TEXAS - Infestations observed in most of pan- 
handle area (Daniels), averaged 10 per linear foot in one area of Carson 
County (Turney) , and some damage to oats observed in Van Zandt County. (Davis). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - OKLAHOMA - Populations continued 
heavy on alfalfa in Payne County despite sub-freezing weather. (Bryan). 

TEXAS - Light, widespread infestations on alfalfa in Rockwall County. Weather 
checked a buildup for the present. (Davis). 


APHIDS - SOUTH CAROLINA - Unusually abundant on oats and infesting barley in 
Anderson County. (Nettles et al.). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) - CALIFORNIA - Larvae light on pear trees 
in Ophir, Placer County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A LOOPER (Anacamptodes fragilaria) - CALIFORNIA - Medium to heavy on navel 
orange trees in Redlands area, San Bernardino County, with 100-300 per tree on 
80 acres of oranges. (Atkins). 


NAVEL ORANGEWORM (Paramyelois transitella) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy in walnuts in 
Sacramento, Sacramento County. Heavy in old peach fruit and light in walnuts 
in Marysville, Yuba County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


CALIFORNIA RED SCALE (Aonidiella aurantii) - TEXAS - Attacked lemon trees in 
Calhoun County. (Garner). 


PEAR PSYLLA (Psylla pyricola) - CALIFORNIA - Reported on pear trees in the 
Newcastle area of Placer County. (Cal Coop: 2Rpt.). 


WALNUT HUSK FLY (Rhagoletis completa) - CALIFORNIA - Specimens taken from traps 
in the Los Gatos, Santa Clara and San Jose areas of Santa Clara County. (Cal. 
Coop. Rpt.). 


GRAPE ERINEUM MITE (Eriophyes vitis) - CALIFORNIA - Caused concern to growers 
in Lodi area, San Joaquin County, with as much as 25-30 percent damaged spurs 
in some vineyards. (Cherry). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


A CUTWORM (Proxenus mindara) - CALIFORNIA - Caused some damage to cantaloup in 
the Los Banos area, Merced County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A STRAWBERRY CROWN MOTH (Ramosia sp., prob. bibionipennis) - CALIFORNIA - Medium 
on bushberries in Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


A LEAFHOPPER (Draeculacephala minerva) - CALIFORNIA - Adults light on lettuce 
plantings in Brawley area of Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci) - TEXAS - Averaged less than one per plant on newly 
set onions in Dimmit County. (Harding). 


SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) - TEXAS - Medium and widespread 
in Dimmit County. Aster yellows on carrots severe in spots. (Harding). 


= |1008) = 


COTTON INSECTS 


Boll Weevil Hibernation Survey in South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia - 
1958. The same five areas in these States were sampled from November 17 to 

a ah December 4 as in the fall of 1957, with 3 
samples of 2 square yards each being taken 

at each of 30 locations (farm sites) per area. 
Area 1 consisted of Orangeburg, Bamberg and 
Dorchester Counties, South Carolina, and 
averaged 995 live boll weevils per acre, as 
compared with 3,978 for 1957. Area 2, consis- 
ting of Florence, Darlington and Marlboro 
Counties, South Carolina, and Scotland County, 
North Carolina, averaged 4,625 per acre, as 
compared with 11,374 for 1957. Area 3, composed 
of Anderson, Greenville and Spartanburg Counties, 
South Carolina, and Mecklenburg, Cleveland and 
Union Counties, North Carolina, averaged 2,635 
live boll weevils per acre, as compared with 
6,752 for 1957. Area 4, comprised of Edgecombe, 
Franklin, Nash and Wilson Counties, North 
Carolina, averaged 968 live boll weevils per 
acre, aS compared with 2,205 for 1957: Area 5, 
composed of Brunswick, Mecklenburg, Nansemond 
and Southampton Counties, Virginia, averaged 

511 live boll weevils per acre, as compared 


with 3,335 for 1957. (Ent. Res., PPC, Coop. 
Averages by Area States) . 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 


PINE REPRODUCTION WEEVIL (Cylindrocopturus eatoni) = CALIFORNIA - Increasing 
damage reported to 140-acre plantation in Stanislaus National Forest in Sonora 
area, Stanislaus County, with as many as 10-20 trees per acre being killed. 
(Fowler). 


A WEEVIL (Brachyrhinus meridionalis) - WASHINGTON - Specimens collected on 
privet hedge in Yakima constitute first record for the State. Det. R. E. Warner. 
(Brunson). 


A ROOT BORER - LOUISIANA - Destroyed nursery stocks of Magnolia grandiflora in 
Covington area. (Spink). 


APHIDS - MARYLAND - Macrosiphum rosae heavy on roses at Adelphi, Prince Georges 
County, November 27. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). CALIFORNIA - Hyalopterus arundinis 
heavy on bamboo in Brawley, Imperial County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


SOUTHERN RED MITE (Oligonychus ilicis) - LOUISIANA - Medium on commercial 
plantings of azalea and holly in Covington area. (Spink). 


TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) - OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy on 
carnations, chrysanthemums, pepper plants, roses and abelia in northeastern part 
of State. (Price). Found on chenille plant in Oklahoma City area. (Latham). 


WALNUT SCALE (Aspidiotus juglans-regiae) - CALIFORNIA - Medium on Lombardy poplar 
trees in El Cajon area, San Diego County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


= 1009 %— 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Cattle in Fielding feed yards and on range in western 
Box Elder County severely infested. (Knowlton). 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


Stored-grain Insect Situation in Nebraska - Examination of 5l samples of corn 
submitted by CCC area supervisors during November showed insects present in 
25.6 percent and rodent contamination in 51.9 percent of the bins examined. 
All insect populations were light. (Kantack). 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


A COTTON STAINER (Dysdercus andreae) - FLORIDA - Numerous adults and immature 
forms collected on seaside mahoe at Key West, Monroe County. This species has 
not previously been reported in large numbers from the State. (Woodruff, 
Swanson, Dowling). 


EARWIGS - LOUISIANA - Heavily infested slab homes in Jefferson and Orleans 
Parishes. (Spink). 


AN ANT (Cardiocondyla nuda minutior) - CALIFORNIA - Medium in a concrete terrace 
in San Diego, San Diego County. This is the first report of this ant from the 
States Det. Mack. smith. (Call Coop. Rpt.) 


MILLIPEDES - LOUISIANA - Heavily infested yards and driveways in Baton Rouge. 
(Spink). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseudaletia Agrotis Feltia Heliothis 
unipuncta ypsilon subterranea zea 


FLORIDA 
Gainesville 12/3-10 4 6 2 
iL 


Quincy 12/2 10 
LOUISIANA 

Baton Rouge 12/5-11 26 22 23 
NEBRASKA 

Lincoln 10/20-11/25 34 4 442 


SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 12/1-7 20 40 30 nm 


= dlfoaley = 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 


MAINE 


Reported by L. W. Boulanger and R. W. Paulson 


Cereal and Forage Insects: A STALK BORER (probably Papaipema nebris) was 
moderate to severe on untreated corn in Aroostook County. 

APHIDS caused light damage to oats in Orono, Hartland and southern Aroostook. 
A WEEVIL (Stomodes gyrosicollis) attacked field crops in the Augusta area. 
Light infestations and damage by EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) 
occurred in several localized instances. CORN EARWORM (ielicthis zea) was 
light throughout the State and only one case of light injury was reported. 
ARMYWORMS caused moderate injury to millet in Androscoggin County and severe 
damage to one planting in Cumberland County. Several species of CUTWORM 
adults were taken in large numbers in light traps in the Augusta area but 
infestations did not develop in proportion. 


Fruit Insects: APPLE MEALYBUG (Phenacoccus aceris) infestations continued to 
increase in many areas; orchards in Waldo and Franklin Counties were particu- 
larly hard hit. On the other hand, infestations in northern Androscoggin 
County began declining from the 1957 level. Natural causes are believed 
responsible for this decrease. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) populations were 
rather heavy throughout the State although parasitism was surprisingly high 
in late July. TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus telarius) infestations 
were heavy in early season in York County but were kept below injurious 
levels in most areas by the wet, cool season until late August. EUROPEAN 
RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) numbers did not build up to appreciable levels at 
any time during the season. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) incidence 
was about half that of 1957 in trouble areas. APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis 
pomonelia) emergence was considerably delayed and peak emergence was well 
beyond that of 1957. Infestations in many orchards were moderate and several 
orchards suffered severe damage. BLUEBERRY INSECTS were generally low in 
numbers. Most injurious was a THRIPS (Frankliniella vaccinii), moderate 
infestations of which caused moderate to severe injury in numerous areas in 
Knox and Lincoln Counties and light infestations of BLUEBERRY MAGGOT 
(Rhagoletis pomonella) caused light to moderate damage in Washington County. 
GEOMETRIDS caused light injury to blueberry plants in York and Washington 
Counties and BLACK ARMY CUTWORM (Actebia fennica) injury was generally low. 
CYCLAMEN MITE (Steneotarsonemus pallidus) infestations reached high levels 
early and caused severe crop reductions in many producing areas. Particularly 
hard hit were sections in Penobscot and Washington Counties. TWO-SPOTTED 
SPIDER MITE numbers built up early in the latter county; grower control was 
good with no recurrence during remainder of the season. 


Truck Crop Insects: All insects were generally light and damage of little 
consequence. Among those causing other than just noticeable injury were the 
following: SPINACH LEAF MINER (Pegomya hyoscyami) caused moderate damage to 
spinach in the Orono and Hermon areas. ROOT MAGGOTS (probably Hylemya spp.) 
damage was unusually severe in several vegetable plantings on or near Aroostook 
Farm. SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Hylemya cilicrura) caused moderate damage to spinach 
in Cumberland County. A STALK BORER (Papaipema sp.) caused moderate injury to 
tomatoes in Androscoggin County. Dry and snap beans in the Monmouth area and 
Snap beans in the Hartland section were moderately damaged by MEXICAN BEAN 
BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis). Infestations of LETTUCE ROOT APHIDS were about 
the same as 1957. Heaviest infestations continued to be found in Cape Elizabeth 
area. POTATO INSECTS were low in density, APHIDS (BUCKTHORN, Aphis abbreviata; 


=e OG 


POTATO, Macrosiphum solanifolii; GREEN PEACH, Myzus persicae; FOXGLOVE, Myzus 
solani) and POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix cucumeris) were Slow in developing and 
peak numbers were much later and smaller than in 1957. Aphid development was 
also slowed by fungus diseases, parasites and predators. (W. A. Shands, U.S.D.A. 
and M.A.E.S. staff). TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) injury on rasp- 
berries was generally light throughout the State but several areas experienced 
moderate to severe injury in localized plantings. 


Ornamental Insects: For the most part, infestations and damage were light. 
ROSE CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus) caused moderate injury to a variety of 
plants in southern Maine and infestations of a GARDEN SLUG caused severe damage 
to ornamentals in the Portland and Bar Harbor areas. EUROPEAN EARWIG (Forficula 
auricularia) infestations were heavy in Portland and South Portland causing 
severe damage to flowering plants. This insect has moved very rapidly north 
and east in the State; specimens have been recovered in Bar Harbor, Camden, 
Augusta and Orono. GLADIOLUS THRIPS (Taeniothrips simplex) caused severe 
injury in Portland and vicinity; also present in moderate numbers in most 
commercial plantings in Androscoggin and Oxford Counties but damage in these 
cases was light. 


Forest and Shade Tree Insects: (R. W. Nash, Maine Forest Service, Augusta): 
EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) and GYPSY MOTH (Porthetria 
dispar) infestations were light. PINE LEAF APHID (Pineus pinifoliae) occurred 
in outbreak level in eastern and western Maine; damage was moderate to severe. 
BALSAM GALL MIDGE (Itonida balsamicola) caused moderate damage to balsam fir in 
eastern sections of the State and BALSAM WOOLLY APHID (Chermes piceae) caused 
moderate injury in Some localized trouble areas. BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa 
pusilla) occurred in statewide outbreak proportions on gray birch; damage was 
severe when trees were of ornamental value. YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY 
(Pikonema alaskensis) increased in southern Maine after several years of 
scarcity. There was a LARCH SAWFLY (Pristiphora erichsonii) outbreak in 
Sorrento, with severe local damage. WHITE-PINE WEEVIL (Pissodes strobi) was 
generally moderate on white pine and spruce; damage moderate. PINE BARK APHID 
(Pineus strobi) infestations were generally very heavy on white pine with light 
damage. Aircraft spraying for SPRUCE BUDWORM (Choristoneura fumiferana) on 

300 ,000 acres in northern Maine gave high degree of control in preliminary 
evaluation. Populations in neighboring unsprayed areas did not decrease as 
much as expected. Washington County infestations dropped considerably due to 
high parasitism; parasites were collected and transferred from Aroostook County. 
The only reported case of trouble from the spraying in northern Aroostook County 
involved a sick horse which a veterinarian later diagnosed as heart trouble 

and old age. 


Insects Affecting Man and Animals: ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) 
and CLOVER MITE (Bryobia praetiosa complex) caused some annoyance judging from 
inquiries received in Orono. PUNKIES (probably Culicoides spp.) and BLACK FLIES 
(Simulium spp.) were very annoying on inland waters and streams. Several flocks 
of sheep suffered light to moderate damage from SHEEP KED (Melophagus ovinus) 
infestations. This pest has been increasing in abundance in the State over the 
past three years. 


Miscellaneous Insects: Infestations and damage by a TIMBER BEETLE were moderate 
in the Wells and Belgrade areas. A CARPENTER ANT (probably Camponotus hercule- 
anus pennsylvanicus) caused moderate damage in camp timbers throughout the State. 
A heavy infestation of a FUNGUS BEETLE (Typhaea stercorea) was found in a barn 
in St. Albans; damage was undetermined. 


- 1012 - 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 


DELAWARE 


Prepared by Paul P. Burbutis and Marlin S. Conrad 


Highlights: EUROPEAN CORN BORER noticeably increased over 1957 with highest 
losses ever recorded in peppers. CORN EARWORM was particularly abundant and 
caused considerable local injury to untreated sweet corn and peppers. GREEN 
CLOVERWORM populations were very high, especially on soybeans. ALFALFA WEEVIL 
remains the number one pest on alfalfa with control measures mandatory for 
economic yields. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM and CABBAGE LOOPER were major pests on 
crucifers statewide. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE on potatoes and tomatoes, 

TOBACCO HORNWORM on tomatoes, ASPARAGUS BEETLE on asparagus, SALT-MARSH 
CATERPILLAR on a variety of crops and PEA APHID on peas were important pests. 
CELERY LOOPER on carrots, PAINTED-LADY on soybeans, BULB FLY (Eumerus stigatus) 
on carrots, WILLOW SAWFLY on willow, an OAK SAWFLY (Caliroa lineata) on pin and 
red oak, a WHITE FLY (Aleurochiton forbesii), a LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba modesta) 
on red maple, a GALL MIDGE (Dasyneura gleditschiae) on Moraine locust and an 
APHID (Myzocallis tiliae) on linden, were all encountered for the first time as 
possible new pests in the State. Some have previously been reported either as 
pests of different host plants or with no host information. 


Cereal and Forage Insects: EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) mortality 
of overwintering borers averaged 22 percent, 10 percent lower than spring of 
1957. Pupation approached 50 percent in Sussex County by the last week of 

April and by May 20th adults were numerous. Fall abundance survey and weekly 
inspections indicate a continuing of the general increasing trend in abundance. 
Despite this, corn yields for 1958 reached a record high. The fall survey aver- 
aged 249 borers per 100 plants, compared with 90 in 1957. PEA APHID (Macrosiphum 
pisi) attained much higher proportions in alfalfa and clover than in 1957. First 
found in alfalfa March 8th, populations reached a peak by late May and early 
June. They decreased until August when a definite increase was noticeable and 
by early September were again numerous Statewide:. ALFALFA WEEVIL (Hypera postica) 
larvae became fairly common throughout the State by the third week of March. 
Highest larval populations occurred from mid-April to July with an apparent but 
smaller second peak occurring during August. Some mature larvae were picked up 
as late as November. Highest adult populations occurred during June and July. 
Injury was noticeable throughout the State in untreated fields in May. MEADOW 
SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) was common on alfalfa and clovers through- 
out the season but caused serious injury. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra) 
was rather abundant in soybeans, alfalfa and clover. Injury did not noticeably 
reduce yields. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused very light injury to soybeans, 
fed quite prevalently in ears of field and sweet corn with losses mostly in 
untreated sweet corn, and remained rather common in clover and alfalfa during the 
late summer. ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) caused some injury to late field 
corn in Sussex County but corn was able to outgrow the injury. Barley was most 
common host during early season. Numerous on alfalfa and clover during late June 
and July. VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (Anticarsia gemmatalis) was generally scarce. 
FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) was common on late field corn and alfalfa 
throughout the State causing only light injury. GARDEN WEBWORM (Loxostege 
similalis) was first found in alfalfa in Kent County during July, but remained 
scarce until August when it became common in some fields of alfalfa throughout 
the State. No serious injury recorded. CLOVER ROOT CURCULIO (Sitona hispidula) 
adults decreased on alfalfa and clovers with very little injury noticeable. 


=) LOTS = 


JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) very much decreased on alfalfa, clover and 
corn. Somewhat common on soybeans in early summer but decreased rapidly, with 
no serious injury. DUSKY SAP BEETLE (Carpophilus lugubris) remained more 
prevalent in Sussex County than in northern regions. Injury was never exten- 
sive. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema pulicaria) infested corn throughout the 
season, apparently never reached serious proportions. POTATO LEAFHOPPER 
(Empoasca fabae) increased gradually on alfalfa but was generally not dangerous. 
Also somewhat common on red clover and soybeans. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum 
maidis) was first noted in Sussex County the first of July, rapidly increased by 
late July, and by the second week of August was prevalent throughout the State, 
but markedly decreased by end of August. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) 
was very abundant in alfalfa, clover and soybeans. STALK BORER (Papaipema 
nebris) was common along border rows of field corn statewide in late June. 
SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) remained common in 
most forage crops through the first of November. BLACK CUTWORM (Agrotis ypsilon) 
caused noticeable injury in some corn fields. STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE 
(Tetranychus atlanticus) caused some injury to soybeans in late summer in 
eastern Sussex County but was greatly reduced compared with 1957. SALT-MARSH 
CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) was common most of the summer statewide on soy- 
beans but no control was necessary. CLOVER HEAD CATERPILLAR (Grapholitha 
interstinctana) became prevalent in red clover in Some fields. CLOVER LEAF 
WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) was common in clover and alfalfa the first of April 

but diminished rapidly. PAINTED-LADY (Vanessa cardui) fed on soybeans, late June 
in Sussex County. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) caused slight injury 
to soybeans in late summer. ALFALFA CATERPILLAR (Colias philodice eurytheme) was 
statewide on alfalfa but most common in Sussex County with 3-4 per 10 sweeps 
during early August. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera nigrirostris) did not 
reach economic proportions in clover or alfalfa. BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) 
were common in fields of alfalfa mostly in the northern half of State. ENGLISH 
GRAIN APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was common on cereal crops as early as 

March 8 in Kent and Sussex Counties and was found on winter rye cover crop in 
late October. CLOVER LEAFHOPPER (Aceratagallia sanguinolenta) became fairly 
common on clover during late April but was not serious. Adults were present 
through October. RAPID PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris rapidus) and ALFALFA PLANT BUG 
(A. lineolatus) were present in small numbers on alfalfa most of the season, the 
former Species most common. 


Fruit Insects: APHIDS were generally not serious in orchards where control was 
applied. ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) initially occurred in New Castle 
County in late April, later on apple foliage in Kent and Sussex Counties. 

APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) was present in most orchards the first of May. 

WOOLLY APPLE APHID (Eriosoma lanigerum) occurred occasionally early in the 
season around pruning scars. STRAWBERRY WEEVIL (Anthonomus signatus) was very 
common early in Sussex County on strawberries. Adults caused moderate injury 
to flowers. RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) was most prevalent 
in Kent County. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella) adults first appeared on 
May 13 and on June 10 fruit entries were rather common in untreated orchards. 
Very light infestations of UNSPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAF MINER (Callisto geminatella) 
occurred during June. PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) waS normal on 
fruit this season. PEAR-SLUG (Caliroa cerasi) infestation was very heavy on 
foliage of untreated cherry in June, New Castle County. EUROPEAN CORN BORER 
(Pyrausta nubilalis) bored in stalks and fruit of blueberries in northern Sussex 
County during late June. JAPANESE BEETLE (Popillia japonica) was very light on 
peach trees in Kent County. EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) buildup was 
noticeable in Sussex County apples the first of July and by late July infesta- 
tions were common statewide. In early August populations were more prevalent 
and some apple trees showed bronzing. Some infestations also noted on peach 
trees. SCHOENE SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus schoenei) buildup on apples in Sussex 
County the first of August. Infestations were not serious in sprayed orchards. 


= 1014 5— 


BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis) nearly defoliated several young apple 
trees in Sussex County during late July. A heavy infestation occurred in 
New Castle County on raspberries in August. 


Vegetable Insects: EUROPEAN CORN BORER infestation increased, being heavy on 
potatoes, corn and peppers. Loss of canning peppers in Kent and Sussex Counties 
approached 50 percent. CORN EARWORM (Heliothis zea) caused noticeable injury to 
pepper pods in August and September. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) was 
common statewide on all crucifers and caused considerable injury to untreated 
crops, as late as November. COLORADO POTATO BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) 
caused considerable local injury to potatoes and tomatoes. HORNWORMS 
(Protoparce spp.) were common on tomatoes statewide. Most severe injury was 

in Sussex County in late summer. Noticeable injury also occurred to peppers 

in Sussex County. TARNISHED PLANT BUG was very abundant on many crops. 

CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) was prevalent on crucifers, causing rather 
heavy injury to untreated fields. Feeding was also common on tomatoes, 
potatoes, peppers and beans until late summer. POTATO FLEA BEETLE (Epitrix 
cucumeris) became prevalent on potatoes causing moderate injury until mid-summer. 
POTATO- APHID (MacroSiphum solanifolii) was common on potatoes and tomatoes dur- 
ing early summer. MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was common state- 
wide with heaviest injury in home gardens. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) 
populations on potatoes were normal. SALT-MARSH CATERPILLAR (Estigmene acrea) 
was common on lima beans and asparagus. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) 
fed heavily on asparagus ferns statewide and SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE 

(C. duodecimpunctata) was prevalent and apparently destroyed a large number 

of seeds. ASPARAGUS MINER (Melanagromyza simplex) was noticeable, but decreased 
over 1957.CABBAGE APHID (Brevicoryne brassicae) populations were not noticeable 
on cabbage and cauliflower until late summer. BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma 
trifurcata) caused slight injury to snap beans in late August. SQUASH VINE 
BORER (Melittia cucurbitae) was destructive in small plantings Of Squash and 
HARLEQUIN BUG (Murgantia histrionica) was prevalent on small plantings of 
cabbage in Sussex County. BLISTER BEETLES (Epicauta spp.) were light on 
pumpkin-squash in Kent County and were common on carrots in New Castle County. 
CELERY LOOPER (Anagrapha falcifera) was heavy on carrots in New Castle County. 
CELERYWORM (Papilio polyxenes asterius) caused slight injury to carrots in 

New Castle County. SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER (Macrosteles fascifrons) was very 
common on carrots in late summer statewide. GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena 
scabra) was heavy in lima beans most of the summer. GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus 
persicae) was effectively controlled most places on peppers and potatoes. 

FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) infested peppers in late summer. BLACK 
CUTWORM (Agrotis ypSilon) caused damage to tomato and pepper sets early in the 
season. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acalymma vittata) was prevalent on pumpkin- 
squash and cucumbers during mid-summer but decreased rapidly thereafter. 
STRAWBERRY SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus atlanticus) was much decreased over 1957 

on lima beans. YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) fed very lightly 
on asparagus, tomatoes and lima beans. A FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta cruciferae) 
was noticeable early on crucifers, never reached injurious proportions. COTTON 
SQUARE BORER (Strymon melinus) fed on lima beans in Sussex County in July, with 
slight injury. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) infestations were 
common on young cabbage plants in Kent County during July. GOLDEN TORTOISE 
BEETLE (Metriona bicolor) was very light on sweetpotatoes in Sussex County. 
VINEGAR FLIES (Drosophila spp.) became very numerous in tomato and pepper 

fields throughout the State during late August and early September. 


Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects: BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemerae- 
formis) waS eSpecially abundant throughout the State from early June to late 
September. MIMOSA WEBWORM (Homadaula albizziae) was again a major pest on 
mimosa and honeylocust from early July to late September. FALL WEBWORM 
(Hyphantria cunea) waS most abundant in Sussex County from July to September. 


== LOLS — 


WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) fed extensively on walnut throughout 

the State during late July and August. CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia catalpae) 
infestations were very heavy on catalpa in Kent and Sussex Counties. YELLOW- 
NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra) was again very abundant, being very heavy 
on pin and red oak. EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) was 
statewide, but considerably less abundant than in 1957. LOCUST LEAF MINER 
(Chalepus dorsalis) was moderate to heavy on black locust in New Castle and 
Kent Counties during mid-June. WILLOW SAWFLY (Nematus ventralis) was unusually 
abundant on willows during August and September in Sussex County. WHITE-MARKED 
TUSSOCK MOTH (Hemerocampa leucostigma) was common to heavy statewide during 
mid-September on Sycamore and elm. An OAK SAWFLY (Caliroa lineata) was notice- 
ably injurious to pin and red oak in late September in New Castle County. 
VARIABLE OAK LEAF CATERPILLAR (Heterocampa manteo) was common to heavy on oaks 
in mid-July. ASIATIC OAK WEEVIL (Cyrtepistomus castaneus) caused noticeable 
injury to oaks throughout the State during mid-July. BUCK MOTH (Hemileuca maia) 
was common on oaks. A SCALE (Cryptaphyllaspis liquidambaris) was common on 
sweetgum in New Castle County. GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM (Anisota rubicunda) fed 
lightly on red maple in August. SPINY OAKWORM (Anisota stigma) was light on 
red oak during late July in Sussex County. TULIPTREE APHID (Macrosiphum 
liriodendri) abundance increased over 1957 in New Castle County. SPRING 
CANKERWORM (Paleacrita vernata) was serious on elms during May in Sussex County. 
BIRCH LEAF MINER (Fenusa pusilla) remained light on birch. WEBWORMS (Salebria 
afflictella and Tetralopha melanogrammos) caused conspicuous injury to sweetgum 
in Sussex County in September. A SPIDER MITE (Oligonychus bicolor) was moderate 
on willow and red oak in New Castle and Kent Counties. A LEAFHOPPER (Typhlocyba 
modesta) was collected from red maple in October. A WHITE FLY (Aleurochiton 
forbesii) was moderate on red maples in New Castle County. An AZALEA CATERPILLAR 
(Datana major) was light on blueberry in Sussex County. A JAPANESE WEEVIL 
(Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus) caused noticeable injury to azaleas in Sussex 
County in July and August. Probably scattered throughout the State. 


Insects Affecting Man and Animals: MOSQUITOES - Aedes sollicitans and A. vexans 
reflected very little change over 1957. Anopheles quadrimaculatus and Culex 
salinarius were much more abundant than in 1957, indicative of the conditions 
usually encountered during an extensive wet season. HOUSE FLY (Musca domestica) 
was less severe generally than in 1957. AMERICAN DOG TICK (Dermacentor 
variabilis) was rather numerous from mid-April to mid-June. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER 
(Latrodectus mactans) was fairly common in various sections of the State. 
BROWN-BANDED ROACH (Supella supellectilium) was reported mostly from New Castle 
County. 


Miscellaneous Insects: EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE (Reticulitermes flavipes) 
was normal with most reports during the spring swarms. CLOVER MITE (Bryobia 
praetiosa complex) invaded homes with majority of complaints in March and April. 
Heaviest in New Castle County. PAVEMENT ANT (Tetramorium caespitum) swarms 
occurred in buildings in New Castle County during January. 


- 1016 - 


Weather continued from Page 1006 


Oklahoma, most of Arkansas, southwestern Missouri and northwestern Mississippi. 
In Upper Michigan, depths ranged up to 36 inches. Snowfall at Oswego, New York, 
continued to attract attention as additional falls there during the week boosted 
the seasonal total to date to over 80 inches, with even higher totals reported 
in surrounding hill areas. California's drought is reaching record proportions, 
as virtually no precipitation fell in the Far Southwest. Seasonal precipitation 
to date at San Francisco is only 10 percent of normal, the driest such period 
there since 1849. Only patches of snow were reported in the Sierras. Consider- 
able precipitation fell in the Pacific Northwest, and 1-4 inches of snow covered 
the wheat regions of Washington State. Severe glaze occurred from Bellingham, 
Washington, to the Canadian Border during a brief cold snap there early in the 
week. The ground was frozen 12 inches deep in northern Wisconsin, and 
Minneapolis, Minnesota, reported 8 inches of ice in the Mississippi River. 
(Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau). 


1017 


INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


PINE MOTH (Panolis flammea (Denis and Schiffermuller) ) 


Economic Importance: Pine moth is one of the most destructive insects of 
coniferous forests in Europe. Two sucessive attacks will kill a pine forest. 
In 1924, about 425,000 acres of forest were defoliated in northwestern Poland 
and northeastern Germany. This necessitated the cutting of over 400 million 
board feet of pine and fir in that area. Severe outbreaks have been reported 
in other years in Germany and in the Kharkov area of USSR, Czechoslovakia and 
Finland. 


Distribution: British Isles, most of continental Europe and Japan. 


Hosts: Pine preferred. Also attacks silver fir, Douglas-fir, spruce, juniper, 
European larch and some broad-leaved trees. 


General Distribution of Panolis flammea 


Life History and Habits: The moth is not commonly observed, being a night- 
flying species. Emergence occurs in March or April. The eggs are deposited 

in batches of 4 to 8 on pine needles of the preceeding year. Trees with dense 
foliage are preterred. The larval period coincides with the opening of the 
buds and the young growth is quickly devoured in an infestation. At a slight 
disturbance the larva drops to the ground by means of a silken thread. Feeding 
continues up to the end of July at which time the full-grown larva drops to the 
ground where it pupates. The winter is passed in this stage. In heavy 
infestations the old foliage is consumed along with the new, thereby leading 

to tree mortality. 


Description: Adult spread 30-40 mm. Head and thorax rufous mixed with white, 
tarsi ringed with white, abdomen generally brown. Forewing rufous suffused with 
gray and white (see illustration) , veins white and brown. Hindwing fuscous 
brown, cilia white at tips; underside whitish suffused with rufous, a discoidal 
spot and curved postmedial line with a slight dark streak at the veins. Color 
of larva varies with stage. At first, head is brownish and body clear green. 


(Noctuidae, Lepidoptera) No. 71 of Series 


1018 


After each molt the larva becomes more deeply colored, deep green to pale 
brown with scattered black dots and white dorsal line. Subdorsal line also 
white, sometimes double, black-edged. Spiracular line white, edged below with 
orange or yellow. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey in cooperation with other 
ARS agencies.) CEIR 8 (51) 12-19-58 


Adult Male (A), Larva and Eggs (B) of Panolis flammea. 


Figures (except map): Larva and eggs from Koch, R. 1913. Tabellen zur 
Bestimmung Schadlicher Insekten an Kiefer und Larche. 207 pp. Berlin. Adult 
from Hampson, G. F. 1905. Catalogue of the Noctuidae in the Collection of the 
British Museum. Vol. 5, 634 pp. Damage from Sachtelben, H. 1929. Monograph. 
zum Pflanzenschutz 3, 160 pp. Berlin. 


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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 
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AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


Volume 8 December 26, 1958 Number 52 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


Highlights of Insect Conditions 


A RICE DELPHACID (Sogata orizicola) was collected for the second time at 
Belle Glade, Florida. The first collection was made during the fall of 1957. 
(Go, | LOZ), 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID still persists in Oklahoma and Kansas despite freezing 
weather. (p. 1021). 


First MEXICAN FRUIT FLY of season trapped in Texas. (p. 1022). 


GREEN PEACH APHID appeared about two months early in Dade County, Florida. 
(p. 1022). 


KHAPRA BEETLE infestation reported in Riverside County, California. (p. 1023). 


INSECT DETECTION: Pink bollworm collected for first time in Cleburne and 
Mississippi Counties, Arkansas. (p. 1022). Imported fire ant reported for 
first time in Horry County, South Carolina. (p. 1024). 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 - Illinois (p. 1025). 


INSECTS not known to occur in the United States. (p. 1029). 


FIO ROR I I I IK I IR I a aK KK aK a aK a 2k ak ak 


Reports in this issue are for the week ending December 19, unless otherwise 
designated. 


- 1020 - 


WEATHER OF THE WEEK ENDING DECEMBER 22, 1958 


Mainly of interest this week were the variations in the circulation pattern 
which developed welcome changes in the weather for some sections of the country. 
In California, where seasonal precipitation has been considerably below normal, 
a trailing front passing over the Pacific coastal area brought light to moderate 
rain to the northern two-thirds of the State and light snowfall to the central 
and northern Sierras. The widespread flow of Arctic air funneling into the 
country east of the Divide was interrupted for several days at the beginning 

of the period as a series of rather intensive low pressure disturbances moved 
along the Canadian Border. Temperature conditions in the central and northern 
Great Plains moderated considerably, except in the extreme northeastern section. 
Subzero minima that characterized the picture most of the last period were 
replaced during midweek by readings in the 20's and 30's. Farther to the east 
in New York, many locations observed the first above-freezing weather they have 
had since the 6th of the month. Weekly average temperatures for the most part 
were above normal over the western half of the Nation, and below normal over 
the East. The line dividing these conditions extended generally from south- 
eastern New Mexico into southeastern Missouri and thence northwestward into 
central North Dakota. Greatest departures were +15° in north central Montana, 
and -13° at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Burlington, Vermont, and Atlantic City, 
New Jersey. Daily record-high temperatures were observed on several dates and 
at several locations in California, with Fresno recording on the 15th an all time 
high of 75.9°F for the month of December. In contrast, southeastern sections 
of the country remained relatively cold most of the week. Freezing minimum 
temperatures were recorded on several nights as far south as the middle Gulf 
Coast and on the 18th and 19th into northern Florida. 


Precipitation for the week was confined mainly to the northern half of the 
country, except for coastal Texas and Florida. Most falls were light, the 
main exceptions being coastal sections of the Northwest, and areas near 

Corpus Christi and Galveston, Texas and Miami, Florida. Moderate amounts were 
observed in the extreme northern Great Lakes region and along the coast of 
Maine, as a result of snows which occurred during the passage of storm centers 
over that area. The southern limit of the snow cover receded northward during 
the week and now generally extends from southwestern North Dakota to northern 
West Virginia, and thence northeastward to the northern New England coast. 
Snow cover has melted over most of the wheat section in Washington, but 1 to 2 
inches still remain in the Big Bend area. Ice was reported thicker than 

usual for this time of year in Wisconsin with 12 to 2l-inch measurements 

being observed in northern sections, and 9 to 10-inch measurements in southern 
areas. (Summary supplied by U. S. Weather Bureau,): 


= 1021) — 


CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 


CHINCH BUG (Blissus leucopterus) - OKLAHOMA — Annual cooperative chinch bug 
hibernation survey conducted in 50 counties during December 3-16. Lincoln 
County had very severe rating (2,000 or more per square foot), and Cleveland, 
Hughes, McClain, Okfuskee and Seminole Counties rated severe (1,000 to 2,000 
per square foot). Counts in other counties were lower. (Coop. Sur.). 


GREENBUG (Toxoptera graminum) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-7 per linear foot in 
scattered fields of fall-seeded wheat in central area. (VanCleave, Washun, 
Pennington). Light infestations found in fields in Fairview area. (Wood). 
INDIANA - Non-economic to light infestations in wheat fields in Knox County, 
November 6. (Deay, Osmun, Matthew). 


APPLE GRAIN APHID (Rhopalosiphum fitchii) - OKLAHOMA - Averaged 0-12 per linear 
foot some fields of wheat in central area. (VanCleave, Washum, Pennington). 
Light in wheat fields in Fairwiew area. (Wood). 


GRASSHOPPERS - TEXAS - Egg surveys in 10 counties bordering eastern New Mexico 
and the western panhandle counties in Oklahoma in general confirmed the results 
of the adult survey. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). 


A RICE DELPHACID (Sogata orizicola) - FLORIDA - The second specimen was 
collected on October 20 in the Belle Glade area. The first specimen was 
collected in this same area in the fall of 1957. Determinations made by 

J. P. Kramer. TEXAS - Surveys in Chambers, Colorado, Jefferson, Liberty 

and Orange Counties have been negative. MISSISSIPPI - All specimens collected 
in the delta counties during survey in October have been negative. One 
inspection in Pearl River County also negative. Fourth treatment of two infested 
rice plantings in Hancock County completed during November. (PPC, Sou. Reg., 
Nov. Rpt.). 


SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) - KANSAS - Populations ranged 

from 205 to 1,826 per 5 plants in north central area and from 427 to 652 

per 5 plants in Riley and Pottawatomie Counties in northeastern area. (Simpson, 
Burkhardt). OKLAHOMA - Moderate to heavy infestations continue in alfalfa in 
central area despite sub-freezing temperatures and snow during the preceding 
weekend. (VanCleave, Washum, Pennington). Cold and snow of past week has not 
materially reduced populations in check fields in Stillwater area. (Bieberdorf). 


SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (Heterodera glycines) - VIRGINIA - Delimiting surveys 
were initiated on November 17 in Nansemond County at the two known infested 
sites. (PPC, East. Reg.). Surveys were made on 40 acres in ALABAMA, 1,667 
acres in ARKANSAS, 385 acres in GEORGIA, 406 acres in MISSISSIPPI, 734 acres 
in NORTH CAROLINA, and 847 acres in TENNESSEE during November. No newly 
infested counties were found, but two properties in North Carolina and one in 
Tennessee were found infested. All other inspections were negative. (PPC, 
Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). 


FRUIT INSECTS 


COTTONY-CUSHION SCALE (Icerya purchasi) - CALIFORNIA - Light infestations on 
lemon trees in Folsom, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


YELLOW SCALE (Aonidiella citrina) - CALIFORNIA - Heavy infestations on orange 
trees in Folsom, Sacramento County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


= On = 


MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY (Ceratitis capitata) - Total of 13,070 traps in 
operation at end of November in FLORIDA. Trapping continued in ALABAMA, 
LOUISIANA, MISSISSIPPI and TEXAS. All specimens trapped in Florida negative: 
no suspicious specimens collected in other States. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). 


MEXICAN FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha ludens) - TEXAS - The first adult for the season, 
a male, was trapped in an orange grove 7 miles west of Hidalgo County on 
November 24. A total of 112 properties were trapped over the three citrus- 
producing counties using 2,084 traps. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). 


TRUCK CROP INSECTS 


GREEN PEACH APHID (Myzus persicae) - FLORIDA - Adults and immature stages 
averaged 0 to 25 per leaf on potatoes northeast of Homestead, Dade County 

on December 5. Det. D. O. Wolfenbarger. The first aphids were observed in 
1957 the latter part of December. They are about 60 days ahead of their usual 
appearance. (Fla. Coop. Sur.). 


CABBAGE LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) - FLORIDA - Averaged 1 per 12 linear foot of 
row in potatoes east and north of Homestead, Dade County. Reported as heaviest 
infestation noted so early on potato plants. Controls being applied. 
Infestations spotted on December 5, but may become general. (Wolfenbarger, 

Dec. 5). 


WHITE-FRINGED BEETLES (Graphognathus spp.) - NEW JERSEY - Total of 721 acres 
of sweetpotatoes surveyed in Vineland, Landisville and Newfield areas during 
November. No specimens found. (PPC, East. Reg.). 


GOLDEN NEMATODE (Heterodera rostochiensis) - NEW JERSEY - Samples processed 
in Middlesex County during November negative. (PPC, East. Reg.). 


COTTON INSECTS 


PINK BOLLWORM (Pectinophora gossypiella) - Positive collections were made in 
Cleburne and Mississippi Counties, ARKANSAS, for the first time. Inspections 
in ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI and TENNESSEE were all negative. In OKLAHOMA, 

56,929 acres were found infested for the first time. In TEXAS, lint cleaner 
inspections were made in 72 counties, averaging 49.05 pink bollworm larvae 
per inspection. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). CALIFORNIA - During the week 
ending December 12, 1,045 bushels of gin trash were inspected in Kern and 
Imperial Counties. This phase of detection will be terminated on December 12. 
Lint cleaner inspections in 8 counties totaled 1,205 inspections. Blacklight 
traps were operated in 4 counties where cotton is still in the field 
aggregating 297 light nights. Green boll inspection in Kern County accounted 
for 1,800 bolls from 2,290 acres of cotton. (Cal. Coop. Rpt., Dec. 12). 


FOREST, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREE INSECTS 

DOUGLAS-FIR ENGRAVER (Scolytus unispinosus) - CALIFORNIA - Douglas fir poles 

and standards showing “die-out" in small groups in forest areas in Coast Range 

in Santa Rosa area. The extended dry spell this season is probably a contributing 
factor in these cases. (Spharler). 


= 1023) = 


RED TURPENTINE BEETLE (Dendroctonus valens) - CALIFORNIA - Scattered killing of 
large sugar pine trees in the Chowchilla Mountains in Mariposa County, 
resulting from previous logging activity. (Wyckoff). 


APHIDS - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of Essigella californica on pine trees 
in Lancaster, Los Angeles County, and heavy infestation in Turlock, Stanislaus 
County. Heavy populations of Prociphilus venafuscus in flight in the Vacaville 
area.of  SolanoCounty.. (Cal). \CoopmmkpLL» i) os =a 


SPIDER MITES - MARYLAND - Eggs, probably of Oligonychus ununguis, heavy on 
hemlock sent from Severna Park on December 17. (U. Md., Ent. Dept.). 


A SCALE (Fiorinia theae) - TEXAS - Attacking holly trees in Fort Bend County. 
(Garner). 


A LACE BUG(Corythucha nicholi) - ARIZONA - Eggs, nymphs and adults collected on 
chokecherry 10 miles northeast of Payson during September. R. I. Sailer 
reports as first collection since its description in 1928. (Ash). 


A LYCTUS BEETLE (Lyctus linearis) - CALIFORNIA - A heavy infestation of adults 
occurred in wood sash in Redding, Shasta County. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). 


INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 


CATTLE GRUBS (Hypoderma spp.) - INDIANA - Larvae found in backs of 17 out of 
72 head of Montana feeder calves. Counts ranged from 0 to 13 grubs per 
infested animal. (Dobson, Matthew). 


CATTLE LICE - UTAH - Severely infesting a herd of cattle near Logan, Cache 
County. (Knowlton). 


SHEEP BOT FLY (Oestrus ovis) - KANSAS - Found in 4 lambs examined from 
Pottawatomie County. (Knapp, Peters). 


TROPICAL RAT MITE (Ornithonyssus bacoti) - TEXAS - Annoying residents 
in Lavaca County. (Hybner) . 


STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS 


KHAPRA BEETLE (Trogoderma granarium) - CALIFORNIA - Medium infestation of a 
property in Ripley, Riverside County. This is the second infestation in 

seven months. (Cal. Coop. Rpt.). No specimens were collected in 5 inspections 
in PENNSYLVANIA, 4 in CONNNECTICUT and one in MASSACHUSETTS. Inspections 

were made on 29 sites in NEW YORK during November; 23 on Long Island and 

6 in Rochester area. Inspections in western and Long Island sections of New 
York will be completed during December. Other sections of State will be 
inspected during winter months. (PPC, East. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). During 
November, 4 inspections were made in ALABAMA, 11 in Orange County, FLORIDA, 
and 37 in 14 counties in OKLAHOMA. All inspections were negative in Florida 
and Oklahoma. Determinations not received on specimens submitted from Alabama. 
(PPC, sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). 


FLAT GRAIN BEETLE (Laemophloeus pusillus) - TEXAS - Infesting stored milo in 
Hays County. (Watson). 


- 1024 - 


MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS 


IMPORTED FIRE ANT (Solenopsis saevissima richteri) - Horry County, SOUTH 
CAROLINA, found infested for first time during November. Treatment is 
scheduled as soon as delimiting surveys are completed. Treatments of infested 
properties were made in 8 States during November on about 41,000 acres. These 
treatments ranged from a few acres in ARKANSAS to nearly 26,000 in ALABAMA. 
Surveys were considerably stepped up in all States where extensive treatment 
programs are to begin in the near future. (PPC, Sou. Reg., Nov. Rpt.). 


CARPET BEETLE (Anthrenus scrophulariae) - TEXAS - Found in attic of resident 
in Bexar County. (Wofford). 


ELM LEAF BEETLE (Galerucella xanthomelaena) - OKLAHOMA - Beetles entering 
homes in Stillwater area. (Beiberdorf, Dec. 6). 


LIGHT TRAP COLLECTIONS 


Pseudaletia Agrotis Feltia Heliothis 
unipuncta ypsilon subterranea zea 
FLORIDA 
Quincy 12/9 if 3 1 
LOUISIANA 
Franklin 12/8 2 1 
Baton Rouge 12/12-18 4 3 1 


SOUTH CAROLINA 
Charleston 12/8-14 ial als} 6 


- 1025 - 


SUMMARY OF INSECT CONDITIONS - 1958 
ILLINOIS 


This report is based on data collected by personnel of the United States 
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural 

Extension Service of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture, Illinois 
Natural History Survey, Farm Advisers and other cooperators throughout the 
State. 


Highlights (C. E. White): Most important highlights this year were the unusually 
wet weather in the spring and continuing into early August in many parts of the 
State and the relatively low populations of field crop insects throughout the 
season. CLOVER SEED WEEVIL was collected in 1958 for the first time in the State. 
BLACK CUTWORM and GRAPE COLASPIS severely damaged many fields of corn. The 
latter was also destructive in soybean fields. STORED-GRAIN INSECTS were more 
abundant than for several years. ONION MAGGOT was very destructive to some 
onion plantings in the northeastern area. FOUR-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE was a general 
pest in apple orchards. 


Clover and Alfalfa Insects (C. E. White): PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) 
populations were higher from April to July than in 1957. Heavy rains in July 
reduced populations to very low levels and very little damage was caused in 
1958. SPOTTED ALFALFA APHID (Therioaphis maculata) was not found in the State 
until the middle of October and then only in small numbers in southwestern 
counties. SWEETCLOVER APHID (Myzocallidium riehmi) was also found in small 
numbers in almost every sweetclover field surveyed. YELLOW CLOVER APHID 
(Therioaphis trifolii) was found in all sections, highest number being 20 per 
sweep. BLISTER BEETLE populations were extremely low throughout the season. 
CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera punctata) larval populations were much lower than 
1957 and slightly lower than 1956. The State average for larvae per square 
foot varied 1.6-3.4. Highest in any one field was 22 per square foot compared 
with 73 for 1957. However, an estimated 18,205 acres were treated for control 
in 1958. Profit from treatments was estimated at $18,000. CLOVER HEAD WEEVIL 
(Tychius stephensi) was found in Whiteside County for the first time in 1958, 
which is the farthest western record for the State. CLOVER SEED WEEVIL 
(Miccotrogus picirostris) was also collected in Whiteside County, the first 
record for the State. CUTWORMS, mainly Peridroma mMargaritosa, were found in 
all sections of the State. Populations varied 0-1 per square foot, although 
one southern field had 7 per square foot. GARDEN FLEAHOPPER (Halticus 
bracteatus) was abundant in southern area clover and alfalfa. GRASSHOPPERS 
were generally light, 0-5 per square yard. However, on July 1, one south- 
eastern area field had 134 small nymphs and a nearby field had 22 adults per 
square yard in mid-August. The annual fall survey showed non-economic 
populations in most of the State, except for small areas in the southeast, a 
narrow band in the central section and an area in the northern half of the 
State, which had light populations. LESSER CLOVER LEAF WEEVIL (Hypera 
nigrirostris) larvae infested 100 percent of the clover stems in many fields 
by early June. MEADOW SPITTLEBUG (Philaenus leucophthalmus) nymphs were more 
abundant in northern Illinois than in 1957. Several fields averaged more 

than 3 per stem. The annual fall adult survey is noted in CEIR 8(38):84. An 
estimated 18,570 acres were treated for control in the spring. The estimated 
profit resulting was $32,500. 


Adults of ALFALFA PLANT BUG (Adelphocoris lineolatus) and RAPID PLANT BUG 

(A. rapidus) were rather scarce. TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus lineolaris) adults 
were rather light early in the season but built up to fair numbers by mid-June 
when as many as 15 per sweep were taken in one field. POTATO LEAFHOPPER 
(Empoasca fabae) was relatively light throughout the season. Very little 
yellowing of alfalfa was noticeable although an estimated 16,544 acres were 
treated at a profit estimated at $24,800. An estimated 13,696 acres were 


- 1026 - 


treated for control of SWEETCLOVER WEEVIL (Sitona cylindricollis) with an 
estimated profit of $34,500. Populations of PREDATORY INSECTS were 
approximately the same in 1958 as in 1957. Although this was considered to be 
a relatively light year for insects, the following estimates have been made. 
These estimates are based on actual field observations this year and on 
production figures from the 1954 census. Seven and one-half percent of all 
clover and alfalfa fields in the State probably would have benefited by 
applications of insecticide to the forage crop and 100 percent of the red clover 
seed fields would have benefited from insecticide treatments. The total loss 
in hay production is estimated at 47,301 tons worth $1,135,224. The cost of 
treating to prevent this loss is estimated at $375,000. Therefore, the 
estimated profit if treatments had been applied is $760,224. Of this amount 

it is estimated $75,300 was actually collected due to the treatments that were 
applied. Also an estimated 43,815 bushels of red clover seed was lost due to 
insects. This was valued at $1,095,375. Cost of treating the seed fields was 
estimated at $255,370. This leaves an estimated profit of $840,000 which could 
have been collected had all fields been treated. 


Corn Insects (C. E. White): BILLBUGS damaged 60 percent of the plants in one 
field in southern Illinois and were relatively scarce elsewhere. CHINCH BUG 
(Blissus leucopterus) numbers were lower than for several years. It is estimated 
that only 1000 acres of small grain and corn were treated. CORN EARWORM 
(Heliothis zea) was very scarce until August at which time larvae averaged 
20-30 per 100 ears in some southern fields. Very late corn was heavily infested 
in late August and September. A survey in September showed an estimated loss 
of 0.3 percent of corn produced for grain in the northern three-fourths of the 
State and a loss of 1 percent in the southern one-fourth, due to corn earworn, 
or an estimated loss of 233,038 bushels in the entire State. The value was 
approximately $242,360 based on present market price. CORN FLEA BEETLE 
(Chaetocnema pulicaria) was relatively low, most fields having less than 1 
beetle per plant during May and June. However, some fields had as many as 

6 per plant. CUTWORMS, mainly Agrotis ypsilon, were very destructive in some 
areas and many fields had to be replanted. An estimated 103,385 acres were 
treated for control. The profit due to these treatments was estimated at 
$516,925. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) was relatively low in 1958. 
A first generation survey in 18 counties Showed an average of 11.9 borers 

per 100 stalks and a second generation survey in the same counties showed an 
average of 90.4 borers per 100 stalks. This is a ratio of first to second 
generation borers of 1 to 7.6. Approximately 0.7 percent (59,273 acres) of 

the corn fields in the State would have benefited by treatments to control first 
generation corn borers. Also 2.5 percent (216,773 acres) would have shown 

a profit from treatment for second generation borers. An estimated 37,093 
acres were treated for control of first generation and 13,731 acres for second 
generation borers. The profit from these treatments was estimated at $203,296. 
The fall survey showed an average of 73 borers per 100 corn stalks (based on 
average of 43 counties) or slightly more than the 66 per 100 stalks found in 
1957. FALL ARMYWORM (Laphygma frugiperda) damaged some late planted corn in 
southern section before the corn tasseled and also by feeding in ear tips. 
GRAPE COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) larvae damaged many corn fields in western and 
west~-southwestern sections and scattered fields elsewhere. Colaspis were more 
abundant in 1958 than for several years. GRASSHOPPERS did very little damage 
to corn. The one exception was a southeastern field which averaged 8 
Melanoplus differentialis feeding on rows 13 and 14 in mid-August. The first 
8 rows had an estimated 80 percent of the leaf surface removed, all the silk 
was removed from ear tips and shucks and kernels eaten half way down the side 
of many ears. ROOTWORMS (Diabrotica spp.) damaged several fields of corn, 
especially in central Illinois. WIREWORMS damaged a few widely scattered fields. 
YELLOW-STRIPED ARMYWORM (Prodenia ornithogalli) was reported to have damaged 
90 percent of corn plants in one southwestern field. An estimated 780,383 
acres were treated at an estimated profit of $1,950,957. 


- 1027 - 


Small Grain Insects (C. E. White): ARMYWORM (Pseudaletia unipuncta) occurred 

roughou e State in small numbers and in a few localized areas became very 
destructive to wheat and barley. Parasites and disease were abundant in most 
areas and played a large part in preventing a serious outbreak. An estimated 
47,506 acres were treated for control, resulting in a profit estimated at 
$95,012. CHINCH BUG was very scarce throughout the season. ENGLISH GRAIN 
APHID (Macrosiphum granarium) was present throughout the State. Populations 
ran as high as 50 per sweep in wheat and oats and 22 per head of wheat but 
apparently caused no damage. HESSIAN FLY (Phytophaga destructor) continued 
its downward trend in 1958. The annual survey showed a State averageof 2.91 
puparia per 100 tillers compared with 6.28 in 1957 and 15.49 in 1956. WHEAT 
JOINTWORM (Harmolita tritici) infested an average of 6.13 percent of the wheat 
stems in the State. 


Soybean Insects (C. E. White): Populations of BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma 
trifurcata), GREEN CLOVERWORM (Plathypena scabra), GRASSHOPPERS (Melanoplus spp.) 
and WHITE GRUBS (Phyllophaga spp.) were all rather scarce and caused very little 
damage. GRAPE COLASPIS (Colaspis sp.) larvae, however, caused considerable 
damage to soybeans in western and west-southwestern areas. 


Fruit Insects (Ronald Meyer): Moderate temperatures and little rainfall during 
the hatch of ROSY APPLE APHID (Anuraphis roseus) lead to serious infestations, 
especially in the southern third of the State. APPLE APHID (Aphis pomi) was 
numerous and in a few orchards became abundant enough to curl the leaves of 
most terminal growth and honeydew caused blackened leaves. During early season, 
shortly before bloom, rainfall was regular and generous and tended to depress 
an average carry over of RED-BANDED LEAF ROLLER (Argyrotaenia velutinana) and 
CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella). There was very little difference in stage 
of development from south to north during early season growth. However, 

there was a scattering of serious red-banded leaf roller infestation in late 
summer. Prevailing dry weather during late July and early August coupled 

with a cessation of spraying, allowed the third brood to build up sufficiently 
to cause destructive populations during the fourth brood. TARNISHED PLANT BUG 
(Lygus lineolaris) and STINK BUGS were plentiful during early season on peaches. 
PLUM CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar) was normal in southern two-thirds of 
State with generally good control maintained by growers, but was unusually 
numerous in several northern areas where considerable damage resulted. 

APPLE MAGGOT (Rhagoletis pomonella) adults were very numerous during mid-August 
in northern Illinois and several commercial orchards were infested at that 
time. STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER (Ancylis comptana fragariae) was not serious and 
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (Grapholitha molesta) was generally light in 1958. MITE 
damage varied from practically none to very destructive. PHYTOPHAGOUS MITES 
continued to be a major problem for apple growers. Winter egg carry over of 
EUROPEAN RED MITE (Panonychus ulmi) populations varied from zero to very dense. 
FOUR-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE (Tetranychus canadensis) was present in all apple 
orchards and one peach orchard examined in southern and west central areas 
along the Mississippi River. This is the first year this species has been a 
general pest although it was destructive in a commercial orchard in 1955, The 
first record of the mites in 1958 was taken May 26 at Carbondale. On June 28, 
a population averaged 2,498 mobile mites and 2,986 eggs per 100 leaves, but 
damage did not become generally noticeable until the latter half of July and 
early August. With a high population going into the winter, damage may show 

up earlier in 1959. No destructive populations of TWO-SPOTTED SPIDER MITE 
(Tetranychus telarius) were found in southern areas although several were found 
in northern areas. 


Truck Crop Insects (W. H. Luckmann): With a few exceptions insect infestations 
on truck and canning crops were generally below normal. ONION MAGGOT (Hylemya 
antiqua) injury was very severe to onions grown for sets and green bunching 
onions. Maggots were apparently resistent to certain insecticides. BEET 
LEAFHOPPER (Circulifer tenellus) was very damaging on horseradish in the 

East St. Louis area. ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi) and SPOTTED 


- 1028 - 


ASPARAGUS BEETLE (Cc. duodecimpunctata) were light except locally in northern 
areas. CORN EARWORM and/or TOMATO FRUITWORM (Heliothis zea) populations were 
below normal. EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Pyrausta nubilalis) caused little damage 

to canning corn. SAP BEETLES (Carpophilus spp.) were locally heavy only in 
southwestern and northeastern sections. CORN LEAF APHID (Rhopalosiphum maidis) 
was very abundant but apparently caused no damage. CORN FLEA BEETLE (Chaetocnema 
pulicaria) populations were below normal and only damaging in usual southern 
localities. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Acal a vittata) and SPOTTED CUCUMBER 
BEETLE (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) appeared in fields 7-10 days 

later than normal and caused only moderate damage. SQUASH BUG (Anasa tristis) 

was rarely present in economic numbers. Damage by MELON APHID (Aphis gossypii) 
was light. No treatments were needed for PEA APHID (Macrosiphum pisi) on 
canning peas, which is unusual. POTATO LEAFHOPPER (Empoasca fabae) was less 
abundant than in past years. IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM (Pieris rapae) and CABBAGE 
LOOPER (Trichoplusia ni) were normal. DIAMONDBACK MOTH (Plutella maculipennis) 
was the most prevalent Lepidoptera on cabbage. CUTWORM damage was common but 
not severe in the spring. Damage by the BEAN LEAF BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata) 
and MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE (Epilachna varivestis) was conspicuous but not extenSive. 


Forest, Ornamental and Shade Tree Insects (L. L English, Robert Snetsinger, 

and C. E&. White): EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (Malacosoma americanum) began 

emerging in northern part of State about April 23. Tents and defoliation 

were very common in many areas later in the season. PINE NEEDLE SCALE 

(Phenacaspis pinifoliae) was abundant on Scotch pine near Rockford, in mid- 

April. A few SPIDER MITES were also present. CATALPA SPHINX (Ceratomia 

catalpae) almost completely defoliated many catalpa trees in east-southeast 

and southeast sections of the State. YELLOW-NECKED CATERPILLAR (Datana ministra), 

not as abundant as in 1957, was still quite noticeable in some areas. 

WALNUT CATERPILLAR (Datana integerrima) partially to completely defoliated 

many black walnut trees in northern half of State. FALL WEBWORM (Hyphantria cunea) 

nests were very conspicuous in many parts of the State. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx 

ephemeraeformis) appeared later than usual and, although not as abundant as in 

the past few years, severely damaged many untreated trees. COTTONY-MAPLE SCALE 

(Pulvinaria innumerabilis) was more abundant than usual. MIMOSA WEBWORM 

(Homage albizziae) was found at Mounds, Pulaski County. MAPLE BLADDER-GALL 
ITE (Vasates quadri| quadripedes) was fairly numerous. Kermes spp. were abundant on 

aa in northern Illinois. 


Stored-Grain Insects (Stevenson Moore): Stored-grain insects were more abundant 
in 1958 than for Several years, due probably to the fact that grain went into 
bins with a higher moisture content than usual. INDIAN-MEAL MOTH (Plodia 
interpunctella) was present in all untreated, and many treated bins of 1958 
wheat within 6 weeks after harvest in the southern half of the State. In 7 
untreated bins of wheat in this area insects averaged 18 per 2-quart sample. 
The following were found in these samples and are listed in descending order of 
abundance: INDIAN-MEAL MOTH, a FOREIGN GRAIN BEETLE (Ahasverus advena) , 

RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE, SAW-TOOTHED GRAIN BEETLE, a HAIRY FUNGUS BEETLE (Typhaea 
stercorea) , FLAT GRAIN BEETLE, RED FLOUR BEETLE, CADELLE BEETLE and RICE 
WEEVIL, On many farms feed storage rooms or old feed sacks yielded high numbers 
of YELLOW MEALWORM (Tenebrio molitor) and DARK MEALWORM (T. obscurus). Grain 
insects of one kind or another were found in various locations on all farms 
inspected. Thirty-five farms were involved in this survey. 


—el O29 
INSECTS NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE UNITED STATES 


APPLE THRIPS* (Thrips imaginis Bagnall) 


Economic Importance: Outbreaks of this species, which is indigenous to 
Australia, cause extensive damage to pears, apples and other fruits during 

some years. Sometimes attacks by T. imaginis will completely destroy the 
setting of young fruits. The attack was so severe in Victoria during 1926 that 
all fruit crops, including strawberries and cane fruits, were a complete loss. 
T. imaginis is chiefly a pest in the spring and early summer, but severe 
outbreaks may occur in the autumn. As many as 2,800 per rose blossom have 

been found in Sydney during October. Damaging populations depend largely on 
meteorological conditions. If weather is unfavorable during October and 
November, thrips will not be serious even if large numbers survive the previous 
winter. A warm, wet, autumn favors a buildup, and often immense swarms will 
appear when these conditions are encountered. The species does not appear in 
damaging numbers in Tasmania. 


Distribution: Occurs throughout southern Australia and Tasmania. 


9 1s 
= eee Heh tL hh ee 


General Distribution of Thrips imaginis 


Hosts: Attacks the flowers of many plants; most serious on deciduous fruits 
though occasionally it becomes serious on other crops such as tomatoes and 
strawberries. 


Life History and Habits: The adults may be found throughout the year in South 
Australia, but populations fluctuate according to climatic conditions. Egg 
laying occurs through the female's life span, the average number varying from 
186 to 251. Eggs are laid in the tissues of the flowers, including the stamens 
and pistils, and occasionally on young tender leaves of host plants. Newly 
hatched nymphs feed on epidermal cells causing a "browning" of the petals and 
destruction of the stamens and pistils. During an infestation year, 150 
individuals may be present in each blossom. After passing through the second 
nymphal stage, the insect leaves the plant and enters the soil to pupate. 
Immature development varies considerably, the average being about 10 to 12 
days at 23° C. Diapause is passed in the pupal stage in the soil or in the 
adult stage in sheltered conditions. Activity increases rapidly during the 
first warm days in the spring. The extent of spring peaks depends upon the 
extent of the previous autumn population, survival during the winter and 
character of the prevailing spring weather. Several other species of thrips 


*Also called plague thrips. (Thripidae, Thysanoptera) No. 72 of Series 


= LO 30) — 


inhabit blossoms in association with T. imaginis; particularly T. tabaci which 
closely resembles this species. oe 


Description: Adult female about 1 mm. long and about .25 mm wide at thorax. 
Anterior portion of body golden-brown with reddish tinge; posterior area 
brownish-yellow to darker brown. Newly emerged adults yellowish. Male smaller 
and lighter in color than female; abdomen pale-yellow. T. imaginis adults may 

be separated from T. tabaci as follows: T. tabaci have only primary setae on 
abdominal sternites 2-7, consisting of row of 6 Setae across posterior margin 

of segment. T. imaginis has primary setae and in addition an irregular accessory 
row of setae across the middle of sternites 2-7 (often only 1 or 2 on sternite 2). 
Accessory setae are finer and shorter than primaries. Ocellar crescents bright 
red in T. imaginis and gray in T. tabaci. Gray color in T. tabaci often 
difficult to see because of orange internal pigment behind, but pigment usually 
present elsewhere in body. No similar pigment in body of T. imaginis like that 
in ocellar crescents. Nymphs of T. imaginis generally orange-yellow and 

T. tabaci lemon-yellow. (Prepared in Plant Pest Survey in cooperation with other 
ARS agencies.') CEIR 8 (52) 12-26-58 


Ws 
Jef 
J a2 1 


i477 


Nymph,Pupa (A) and Adult (B) of T. imaginis. Anterior Abdominal Sternites (QF 
Posterior Abdominal Tergites (D) and Head and Prothorax (E) of T. imaginis. 
Anterior Abdominal Sternites (F) and Posterior Abdominal Tergites (G) of 

T. tabaci. 


Figures (except map): Adult, head, prothorax, sternites and tergites from 
Vevers Steele, H. 1934. Austral. Council for Sci. and Indus. Res. Pamph 54, 
59 pp. Nymph and Pupa from Davidson, J. 1936. South Australia Dept. Agr. 
Jour. 39(7): 930-939. 


DEPARTMENT OF 
eee 


"UNITED STATES 
"id me W. 


Tei J Z 
yd 


PLANT PEST C 


AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE 


PLANT PEST CONTROL DIVISION 


PLANT PEST SURVEY SECTION 


The Cooperative Economic Insect Report is issued 
weekly as a service to American Agriculture. Its contents 
are compiled from information supplied by cooperating State, 
Federal, and industrial entomologists and other agricultural 
workers. In releasing this material the Division serves as 
a clearing house and does not assume responsibility for ac- 
curacy of the material. 


Reports and inquiries pertaining to this release 
should be mailed to: 


Plant Pest Survey Section 
Plant Pest Control Division 
Agricultural Research Service 
United States Department of Agriculture 
Washington 25, D. C. 


COOPERATIVE ECONOMIC INSECT REPORT 


VOLUME 8 


Aphids - abundance of eggs on pota- 
toes in northeastern Maine 453; 
potato aphids in Maine 742 

Armyworm - conditions 1955-1957 
62 

Beet leafhopper - conditions in 
Utah, western Colorado, southern 
Nevada, southeastern Califronia 
and central Arizona, 1958 188; 
curly top conditions in southern 
Great Plains and adjacent areas, 

1957 270; 1958 278; second 
statement of conditions in Utah, 
western Colorado, southern 
‘Nevada, southeastern California 
and central Arizona 342; situa- 
tion in Utah, Colorado and 
Nevada as of June 2 510 

Boll weevil - hibernation survey, 
fall 1957 - South Carolina, 
North Carolina and Virginia 16; 
Arkansas 89; Louisiana 29; 
Georgia 89; fall 1958 - South 
Carolina, North Carolina and 
Virginia 1008; survival survey, 
spring 1958 - Arkansas 323; 
Louisiana 212; Georgia 235; 
South Carolina, North Carolina, 
Virginia and Mississippi 259; 
Texas 281; McNairy and Lake 
Counties, Tennessee 412 

Cotton fleahopper - hibernation and 
survival at Waco, Texas 281 

Cooperative Survey Entomologists 
525 

Ecuador - some of the more important 
insects 329 

European corn borer - status, 1957 
33; estimates of damage to grain 
corn in U. S., 1957 74 

Forest insect conditions, 1957 - 

U. S. 419, Missouri 491 

Grasshoppers - cooperative control 
summary as of July 8, 1958 602 

Gypsy moth - 1958 program 298; 
survey in Pennsylvania 591; 
situation relating to civil 
action on spraying on Long Island 
591 


1958 


SPECIAL REPORTS 


Hibernation survey for asparagus 
beetles in New Jersey, 1956-57 
166 
Highlights of insect occurrence in 
Canada, 1958 971 
Important pests for 1957 467-470 
Insects not known to occur in the 
U. S. - 11, 47, 101, 121, 161, 
229, 253, 271, 289, 313, 331, 
3555 375) 497, 523, 573, 597, 
621, 663, 731, 751, 823, 841, 
857, 873, 885, 899, 923, 935, 
949, 959, 975, 989, 1003, 1017, 
1029 
Interception list of insects and 
mites, 1956 - 901 
Light trap material, submission for 
identification 418 
Maps, distribution - alfalfa weevil 
18; army cutworm 364; Asiatic 
oak weevil 347; bagworm 489; 
banded cucumber beetle 129; 
birch leaf miner 182; California 
flatheaded borer in western U. S. 
981; European corn borer 42; fir 
engraver in western North America 
967; giant hornet 466; Japanese 
weevils: Pseudocneorhinus 
bifasciatus 414, Calomycterus 
setarius 787; lesser clover leaf 
weevil 263; lesser grain borer 
288; pear psylla 228; sugarcane 
beetle 239; western pine beetle 
in-U. S. and British Columbia 5 
Maps, special - chinch bug survey, 
1957 186; extent of screw-worm 
infestation in southeast U. S., 
1957 69; European corn borer 
abundance, fall 1957 40-41; 
infestation by three corn insects 
in Iowa, fall 1958 890; spread 
of spotted alfalfa aphid 92; 
status of imported fire ant, 
September 30, 1958 922 
Mormon cricket adult survey, fall 
1957, following 26; fall 1958, 
following 936 
Pink bollworm - status, January 1958 
544 
Potato psyllid survey on overwinter- 
ing hosts in Texas, New Mexico, 
Arizona and California 278; 
survey in area east of the moun- 
tain range in Colorado, Wyoming 
and Nebraska 387; second survey 
453; third survey 511; fourth 
survey 586; fifth survey 633 
Rice delphacid, Sogata orizicola, 
and two related species 973 


INDEX 


Small grain insect survey, Texas 
335 

Some insect loss estimates for 1957 
205; sugarcane borer loss esti- 
mates for 1957 in Louisiana and 
florida 209 

Spittlebug - potential situation for 
spring 1959 in Illinois 814 

Stored-grain insect survey in 
Oklahoma 90, 213, 236, 261, 300 

Summary of insect conditions, 1957 - 
Alabama 157; Alaska 933; 
Arizona 179; Arkansas 217; 
California 303; Colorado 201; 
Connecticut 151; Florida 170; 
Georgia 93; Idaho 246; Illinois 
191; Indiana 351; Kansas 199; 
Louisiana 43; Maine 9; Minnesota 
116; Mississippi 178; Missouri 
284; Montana 23; Nebraska 110; 
Nevada 76; New Hampshire 216; 
New Jersey 6; New Mexico 83; 
New York 397; North Carolina 
240; North Dakota 19; Ohio 223; 
Oklahoma 173; Oregon 79 (addi- 
tional note 120); Pennsylvania 
57; Rhode Island 148; South 
Carolina 96; South Dakota 107; 
Tennessee 373; Texas 221 (addi- 
tional note 269); Vermont 100; 
Virginia 152; Washington 264; 
West Virginia 59; Wisconsin 193; 
Wyoming 22 

Summary of insect conditions, 1958 - 
Alaska 934; Delaware 1012; 
Illinois 1025; Maine 1010; 
New Mexico 984; Oregon 997; 
Utah 944; Wyoming 1001 


Summary of insect conditions in 


some countries in the Near East, 
South Asia and Africa, 1957 - 
Afghanistan 131; Ethiopia 133; 
Iran 134; Iraq 136; Lebanon 137; 
Libya 138; Pakistan 140 

Summary (highlights) of insect 
occurrence, Canada, 1958 971 

Survey method - white-pine weevil 
appraisal survey 871 


Alaska spruce beetle (Dendroctonus 
borealis) 421,425 

Alder flea beetle(Altica ambiens) 
725,866 ,895 

Alfalfa caterpillar (Colias Anes 
philodice eurytheme) 76,1 ; 6 
139, 157, 180, 202, 246, 295, 
310, 336, 381, 405, 413, 477, 
504, 558, 670, 714, 737, 757, 
779, 797, 812, 831, 846, 862, 
878, 889, 944, 984, 1013 

Alfalfa looper (Autographa 
californica) 72, 166, 202, 203, 
234, 235, 236, 266, 307, 310, 
344, 387, 411, 444, 505, 532, 
541, 581, 588, 613, 635, 648, 
812, 846, 945, 985, 997 

Alfalfa plant bug (Adelphocoris 
lineolatus) 108, 111, 191, 194 
286, 320, 406, 507, 534, 536, 
558, 605, 692, 716, 738, 759, 
1013, 1025 

Alfalfa webworm (Loxostege 
commixtalis) 110, lll, 448, 532, 
672, 

Alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) 
GUS 22 ito eon Ode Oo TnaOls 
09:5) 96;, 108) 110.) W345 13650 13% 
140, 144, 151, 152, 165, 185, 
201, 209, 233, 240, 246, 257, 
264, 277, 294, 303, 311, 318, 
336, 360, 371, 381, 405, 413, 
444, 465, 467, 468, 469, 505, 
522, 532, 536, 557, 572, 581, 
604, 629, 637, 649, 670, 691, 
714, 738, 758, 780, 813, 891, 
939, 944, 953, 963, 972, 998, 
1001, 1012 

Alkali bees 82, 269, 326, 520, 548 

Almond moth (Ephestia cautella) 

CB sleds akon ey 

American cockroach (Periplaneta 
americana) 31, 138, 190, 252, 463 

American dog tick (Dermacentor 
variabilis) 21, 61, 99, 115, 119, 
150, 198, 244, 325, 354, 370, 394, 
459, 467, 468, 469, 548, 570, 594, 
660, 680, 1015 

American grasshopper (Schistocerca 
americana) 170, 335 

American plum borer (Euzophera 
semifuneralis) 306, 

Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga 
cerealella) 8, 46, 99, 115, 140, 
156, 157, 159, 220, 223, 227, 
261, 330, 467, 469, 770 

Ants 22, 25, 78, 133, 214, 227, 467, 
469, 619, 727, 956 

Aphids 30, 58, 77, 79, 85, 97, 98, 
120, 134, 135, 136, 137, 148, 
VSL; 157. 181, 295, 197; 198; 
219, 222, 223, 225, 226, 236, 
242, 250, 257, 260, 277, 280, 
296,; 297, 300), 308, 310); 323), 
325, 340, 342, 346, 365, 369, 
381, 384, 390, 412, 415, 450, 
457, 465, 467, 468, 469, 486, 
488, 509, 513, 514, 517, 539, 
547, 572, 611, 635, 648, 674, 
677, 679, 697, 699, 720, 722, 
725, 728, 763, 766, 769, 779, 
786, 789, 800, 802, 816, 819, 
895, 933, 946, 947, 955, 964, 
966, 971, 972, 988, 993, 1007, 
1010, 1013 

Apple and thorn skeletonizer 


(Anthophila pariana) 80, 265, 
268, 609, 09, 67 


Apple aphid (Aphis pomi) 24, 60, 80, 
138, 153, 158, 187, 195, 224, 227, 
234, 248, 265, 296, 305, 310, 320, 
340, 352, 353, 365, 384, 408, 413, 
465, 493, 536, 537, 561, 572, 584, 


COMMON NAMES 


609, 631, 652, 661, 673, 694, 
945, 964, 998, 1010, 1013, 1027 

Apple flea weevil (Rhynchaenus 
pallicornis) 153, 227 

Apple grain aphid (Rhopalosiphum 
fitchii) 15, 44, 97, 174, 185, 
187, 262, 275, 285, 295, 296, 
317, 321, 336, 340, 360, 365, 
371, 384, 408, 443, 605, 629, 
796, 963, 979, 985, 993, 1021 
Appie leaf trumpet miner (Tischeria 
malifoliella) 879 

Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella) 
9, 58, 100, 117, 148, 151, 195, 
216, 224, 225, 227, 353, 399, 
467, 468, 469, 572, 608, 609, 
632, 637, 661, 673, 694, 718, 
740, 761, 799, 848, 972, 1010, 
1027 

Apple mealybug (Phenacoccus aceris) 
234, 321, 999, 1010 

Apple rust mite (Vasates 
schlechtendali) 265, 761 

Apple thrips (Thrips imaginis) 
1029 

Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) 
681 

Army cutworm (Chorizagrotis 
auxiliaris) 15, 20, 22, 23, 53, 
84, 107, 165, 174, 185, 200, 201, 
202, 203, 221, 234, 276, 295, 318, 
337, 360, 364, 381, 417, 468, 502, 
557, 944 

Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) 
6, 22, 23, 43, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 
66),)67;,68 184, (975, 122) SiS Vat. 
133, 140, 150, 174, 178, 192, 195, 
200, 201, 221, 227, 241, 257, 275, 
285, 303, 307, 310, 318, 322, 336, 
351, 360, 373, 379, 399, 404, 417, 
442, 468, 469, 474, 503, 529, 536, 
557, 579, 593, 604, 608, 627, 648, 
662, 668, 682, 683, 690, 693, 697, 
707, 714, 728, 730, 739, 778, 796, 
846, 861, 879, 971, 985, 1010, 
1012, 1027 

Artichoke plume moth (Platyptilia 
carduidactyla) 54, 126, 145, 307, 
310, 344, 455 

Ash-gray blister beetle (Epicauta 
fabricii) 477, 559, 581, 629, 670 

Ash plant bug (Neoborus amoenus) 
24, 119, 568 

Asiatic garden beetle (Autoserica 
castanea) 61, 150, 639, 654, 727 

Asiatic oak weevil (Cyrtepistomus 
castaneus) 60, 347, 5 1, 805, 
822, 836, 852, 1015 

Asparagus beetle (Crioceris asparagi) 
7, 81, 149, 158, 166, 196, bag a 
267, 387, 411, 455, 512, 564, 635, 
720, 742, 801, 818, 834, 947, 1012, 
1014, 1027 


Asparagus fly (Platyparea 
poeciloptera) 323 

Asparagus miner (Melanagromyza 
simplex) 267, 801, 101 

Avocado red mite (Oligonychus 
yothersi) 329 


Azalea bark scale (Eriococcus 
azaleae) 60, 179, 1 


Azalea lace bug (Stephanitis 
pyrioides) 369, 336, 931 
Azalea leaf miner (Gracilaria 


azaleella) 127, 393 


' 


B 


Bagworm (Thyridopter 
ephemeraeformis) 7, 60, 95, 114, 
1935 0, 222, 226, 244, 354, 
368, 373, 415, 450, 461, 489, 
518, 520, 568, 592, 639, 659, 
680, 703, 725, 747, 769, 789, 
820, 1014, 1028 

Bagworms 6, 21, 93, 227, 371, 467, 
703, 853 

Balsam-fir sawyer (Monochamus 
marmorator) 119 

Balsam gall midge (Itonida 
balsamicola) 100, 

Balsam twig aphid (Mindarus 
abietinus) 119 

Balsam woolly aphid (Chermes piceae) 
82, 100, 268, 419, 429, 468, 568, 
725, 895, 1011 

Baluchistan melon fly (Myiopardalis 

ardalina) 134, 137 

Banana root borer (Cosmopolites 
sordidus) 329 

Banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica 
balteata) 44, 96, 129, 813, 880 

Bark beetles 172, 250, 345, 415, 659 

Barnacle scale (Ceroplastes 
cirripediformis) 783 

Bean aphid (Aphis fabae) 81, 266, 
279, 453, 495, 637, 675, 697, 
801, 933, 999 

Bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma 
trifurcata) 113, 153, 154, 158, 
I93, 217, 242, 286, 297, 322, 
343, 352, 381, 388, 410, 445, 
455, 480, 484, 513, 533, 540, 
560, 564, 583, 612, 630, 634, 
650, 693, 697, 715, 738, 758, 
763, 780, 813, 832, 834, 1013, 
1014, 1027, 1028 

Bean leaf roller (Urbanus proteus) 
171, 467, 850, 941 

Bean thrips (Hercothrips fasciatus) 
697 

Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) 31, 132, 
133, 140, 948 

Beech blight aphid (Prociphilus 
imbricator) 895 

Beech Scale (Cryptococcus fagi) 931 

Beet armyworm (Laphygma exigua 
44, 134, 135, Tap. 178, 180, 181, 
187, 222, 303, 310, 341, 443, 457, 
467, 477, 483, 487, 504, 514, 556, 
562, 586, 615, 653, 668, 674, 697, 
714, 736, 783, 800, 831, 833, 834, 
846, 862, 865, 928, 997, 1000 

Beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus) 
3, 54, 77, 81, 145, 166, 187, 188, 
222, 249, 266, 270, 278, 279, 297, 
308, 342, 367, 371, 386, 411, 467, 
468, 484, 510, 540, 563, 588, 613, 
633, 653, 674, 696, 719, 763, 800, 
834, 880, 946, 948, 984, 986, 1000, 
1002, 1027 

Beet webworm (Loxostege sticticalis) 
19, 20) 21 9245 183s_86,un Lae; 
202, 203, 249, 367, 455, 468, 484, 
493, 511, 531, 540, 563, 588, 605, 
613, 633, 650, 653, 672, 674, 691, 
697, 714, 719, 830, 834, 971, 985, 
1001 

Bella moth (Utetheisa bella) 630 

Billbugs 318, 335, 359, 379, 440, 

442, 493, 504, 577, 863 : 

Birch leaf miner (Fenusa pusilla 
8, 10, 58, 79, 82, 149, 217, 369, 
392, 413, 415, 462, 468, 469, 517, 
522, 546, 638, 642, 702, 768, 1011, 
1015 


Black army cutworm (Actebia fennica) 
934, 1010 a Ea ne 

Black blister beetle (Epicauta 
pennsylvanica) 149, 670, 738, 

. 797, 807 

Black blow fly (Phormia regina) 

61, 569 ; : 

Black carpenter ant (Camponotus 
herculeanus pennsylvanicus) 150, 
160, 468, 619, ce 

Black carpet beetle (Attagenus 
piceus) 8, 83, 150; aig. 467, 
468, 469, 570, 748 

Black cherry aphid (Myzus cerasi) 
24, 80, 227, 234, 248, 296, 340, 
482, 495, 509, 538, 561, 584, 
679, 694, 998 

Black cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis 
fausta) 24, 195, 510, 522, 538 

Black citrus aphid (Toxoptera 
aurantii) 172, 329 

Black cutworm (Agrotis ypsilon) 

45, 77, 112, 138, 175, 192, 216, 
287, 307, 387, 398, 399, 455, 
467, 506, 515, 530, 542, 543, 
556, 563, 578, 588, 605, 634, 
649, 800, 880, 971, 997, 1013, 
1014, 1025 

Black-headed budworm (Acleris 
variana) 25, 250, 268, 419, 430 

Black-headed fireworm (Rhopobota 
naevana) 81, 196, 266, 510, 585 

Black Hills beetle (Dendroctonus 
ponderosae) 203, 420, 424, 459 

Black horse fly (Tabanus atratus) 
726 

Black-margined aphid (Monellia 
costalis) 77, 84, 482, 584, 782, 
879, 928, 954 

Black peach aphid (Anuraphis 
persicae-niger) 210, 305, 340, 
954 

Black pecan aphid (Melanocallis 
caryaefoliae) 84, 158, 171, 782, 
879, 954, 

Black pine leaf scale (Aspidiotus 
californicus) 77, 250, 268 

Black scale (Saissetia oleae) 135, 
305, 306, 311, 371, 695, 746, 
892 


Black turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus 


terebrans) 95, 127, 154, 159, 176, 
179, 220, 299, 369, 421, 425, 467, 
517, 568, 638, 702, 851, 866, 966 

Black vine weevil (Brachyrhinus 
sulcatus) 8, 81, 105, 150, 248, 
897 

Black widow spider (Latrodectus 
mactans) 25, 31, 61, 106, 309, 
467, 804, 853, 948, 1015 

Blister beetles 
20, 23, 96, 111, 116, 149, 222, 
227, 286, 445, 469, 505, 533, 
536, 559, 581, 587, 605, 618, 
629, 634, 649, 670, 690, 707, 
738, 756, 817, 985, 1025 

Bloodsucking conenose bugs (Triatoma 
spp.) 86, 100, 492, 680, 747, 821 

Blueberry maggot (Rhagoletis 
pomonella) 9, 1010 

Bluegrass webworm (Crambus 
teterrellus) 650 

Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) 
16, 29, 45, 89, 93, 95, 98, 156, 


835, 865, 930, 1008 

Bollworm (Heliothis zea) 
45, 95, 178, 222, 308, 412, 457, 
515, 589, 615, 986 

Bollworms (Heliothis spp., et al.) 
83, 157, 219, 345, 368, 390, 457, 
458, 467, 515, 542, 566, 637, 
765, 785, 802, 818 

Boxelder aphid (Periphyllus 
negundinis) 24, 325, 833 


Boxelder bug (Leptocoris trivittatus) 
17, 25, 56, 78, 147, 168, 190, 
197, 214, 227, 252, 261, 327, 
354, 374, 467, 469, 805, 897, 
945 

Boxelder leaf roller (Gracilaria 
negundella) 987 

Boxelder psyllid (Psylla negundinis) 
947 

Boxelder twig borer (Proteoteras 
willingana) 518 z 

Boxwood leaf miner (Monarthropalpus 
buxi) 61, 167, 260, 35 eT 

Boxwood psyllid (Psylla buxi) 
325, 393 

Bramble leafhopper (Ribautiana 
tenerrima) 972 

Brinjal borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) 
141 

Brinjal leaf roller: (Eublemma 
Olivacea) 141 

Bristly cutworm (Lacinipolia 
renigera) 320 

Bristly rose-slug (Cladius isomerus) 
393 

Broad mite (Hemitarsonemus latus) 
972 

Broad-nosed grain weevil 
(Caulophilus latinasus) 300 

Bronzed cutworm (Nephelodes 
emmedonia) 286, 971 

Brown-banded roach (Supella 
supellectilium) 8, 21, 83, 86, 
105, 138, 156, 262, 283, 354, 
463, 569, 748, 933, 942, 983, 
996, 1001, 1015 

Brown cotton leafworm (Acontia 
dacia) 222, 413, 457 

Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus 
sanguineus) 17, 73, 86, 99, 
115, 157, 160, 177, 181, 223, 
244, 245, 459, 594, 701, 896 

Brown-headed ash sawfly (Tomostethus 
multicinctus) 119, 309, 462 

Brown spider beetle (Ptinus 
hirtellus) 245 

Brown stink bug (Euschistus servus) 
95, 97, 320, 370, 450, 669 

Brown-tail moth (Nygmia phaeorrhoea 
9, 10, 125, 216, 324 

Brown wheat mite (Petrobia latens) 
144, 174, 200, 201, 221, 246, 
303, 310, 318, 336, 360, 443, 
475, 485,.502, 531, 557, 581, 
675, 927, 945, 993 

Buck moth (Hemileuca maia) 
1015 

Buckthorn aphid (Aphis abbreviata) 
10, 453, 469, 585, 611, 635, 
653, 696, 742, 849, 1010 

Bulb mite (Rhyzoglyphus echinopus) 
31 


Bumble flower beetle (Euphoria inda) 
23 

Burrowing nematode (Radopholus 
similis) 170, 211, 341, 451 


Cc 


Cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) 
T, 10, .72),°98, 126, (134, 151, 
166, 187, 202, 211, 242, 249, 
258, 267, 279, 297, 308, 310, 
322, 343, 387, 398, 410, 469, 
563, 611, 655, 697, 720, 741, 
783, 817, 833, 933, 941, 965, 
986, 1000, 1014 

Cabbage curculio (Ceutorhynchus 
rapae) 59, 387, 452 

Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) 
6517), 245; 6OSe1G6histiieso, 94, 
95, 96, 97, 98, 109, 126, 148, 
151, 154, 157, 159,166, 172, 
176, 180, 181, 196, 202, 203, 
21/5; °216),, 218), 221:5)'222; 223) 
225, 235, 242, 249, 258, 267, 
303, 307, 310, 322, 343, 367, 
371, 388, 390, 398, 410, 412, 
452, 457, 467, 468, 487, 493, 


512, 540, 543, 564, 566, 587, 
590, 612, 615, 629, 634, 636, 
655, 657, 675, 678, 691, 696, 
700, 720, 721, 723, 741, 744, 
763, 766, 783, 785, 800, 803, 
816, 819, 833, 849, 851, 865, 
880, 892, 929, 930, 940, 947, 
955, 986, 987, 997, 1000, 1012, 
1014, 1022, 1028 

Cabbage maggot (Hylemya brassicae) 
7, 10, 59, 60, 149, 151, 196, 
226, 227, 267, 298, 366, 371, 
410, 413, 452, 465, 469, 512, 
522, 536, 675, 865 

Cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae) 
873 

Cabbage seedpod weevil 
(Ceutorhynchus assimilis) 81, 


249, 371 
Cabbage webworm (Hellula rogatalis) 
783, 929 7 


Cadelle (Tenebroides mauritanicus) 
56, 86, 115, 136, 159, 177, 236, 
261, 681, 704, 1001, 1028 

Calico scale (Lecanium cerasorum) 
304, 325 ; 

California flatheaded borer 


(Melanophila californica) 420, 
Moga 


California pear-slug (Pristiphora 
californica) 341, 371, 385, 409, 
450, 

California prionus (Prionus 
californicus) 85, 493, 848, 945 

California red scale (Aonidiella 
aurantii) 104, 138, 142, 296, 
306, 311, 467, 562, 653, 674, 
762, 879, 940, 964, 1007 

Camel crickets 


25, 619 
Camel tick (Hyalomma dromedarii) 
140 


Camellia scale (Lepidosaphes 
camelliae) 179 

Carolina grasshopper (Dissosteira 
carolina) 637, 687, 735 

Carpenter ants 


61, 468 
Carpenter bee (Xylocopa virginica) 
156, 492 


Carpenterworm (Prionoxystus robiniae) 
98 


Carpet beetles 
21, 78, 133, 189, 190, 198, 214, 
227, 327, 467, 468, 469, 982, 
1001 

Carrot beetle (Ligyrus gibbosus) 
370 

Carrot rust fly (Psila rosae) 
468 

Carrot weevil (Listronotus 
oregonensis) 484, 801, 849, 994 

Casemaking clothes moth (Tinea 
pellionella) 468, 942 

Catalpa sphinx (Ceratomia catalpae) 
60, 159, 176, 354, 703, 769, 
853, 1015, 1028 

Catfacing insects 
221, 266, 296, 321, 340, 353, 
365, 384, 409, 450, 482, 816, 
945, 985 

Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) 
21, 957 157, 160, 309, 354, 594, 
770, 790, 837 

Cattle biting louse (Bovicola bovis) 
61, 86, 109, 115, 160, 168, 237, 
348 

Cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.) 
L722 ea7Saolonez23 ee 2 Tees TI 
467, 468, 469 

Cattle lice 
4, 22, 55, 73, 78, 90, 99, 127, 
146, 189, 227, 251, 261, 262, 
300, 373, 467, 468, 469, 854, 
948, 987, 1009, 1023 

Cattle tail louse (Haematopinus 
quadripertusus) 179 

Cave crickets 
21 

Celery fly (Acidia heraclei) 
375 


Celery leaf tier (Udea rubigalis) 
29, 539, 784, 817, 831, 849 

Celery looper (Anagrapha falcifera) 
266, 1012, 1014 

Celeryworm (Papilio polyxenes 
asterius) 1014 

Cereal leaf miner (Syringopais 

-  temperatella) 134 

Chaff scale (Parlatoria pergandii) 
30, 136 

Chain-spotted geometer (Cingilia 
catenaria) 151 

Cheese skipper (Piophila casei) 
245 

Cherry fruit flies (Rhagoletis spp.) 
227, 468, 469, 561 

Cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis 
cingulata) 510, 642 

Cherry fruitworm (Grapholitha 
packardi) 195, 509, 610, 695, 
945 

Chestnut weevil (Curculio elephas) 
1003 

Chicken head louse (Cuclotogaster 
heterographus) 31 

Chicken lice 
468 

Chicken mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) 
236, 469 

Chiggers 
115, 155, 227, 467, 469, 681, 701, 
747 

Chinch bugs (Blissus spp.) 
3, 15, 29, 53, 72, 94, 104, 125, 
131, 174, 178, 192, 199, 218, 220, 
226, 284, 285, 336, 352, 360, 380, 
404, 443, 467, 469, 475, 502, 529, 
554, 579, 603, 627, 648, 669, 690, 
713, 739', 756,759, 7815796, '812, 
830, 862, 883, 889, 891, 954, 963, 
979, 1021, 1026, 1027 

Chinese wax scale (Ceroplastes 
sinensis) 135 

Cicada killer wasps 
781 

Cicadas 
491, 585, 637 

Cigar casebearer (Coleophora 
occidentis) 510 

Cigarette beetle (Lasioderma 
serricorne) 136, 159, 245, 469 

Citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus 
woglumi) 54, 135, 142, 145, 210, 
329, 342, 451, 562, 695, 762, 849, 
892, 964 

Citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis 
citrella) 142, 935 

Citrus mealybug (Pseudococcus citri) 
306 

Citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri) 
142 

Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) 
104, 135,138, 1171559296; (303; 
306, 310, 342, 386, 451, 467, 
538, 585, 631, 741, 782, 799, 
849, 892, 929, 955, 994 

Citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta 
oleivora) 53, 135, 138, 171, 296, 
306, 311, 342, 386, 451, 467, 538, 
585, 632, 741, 849, 892, 929, 955, 
994 

Citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri) 
306, 451 

Citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri) 
29, 54, 104, 142, 210, 632 

Clear-winged grasshopper (Camnula 
pellucida) 76, 265, 403, 553, 
5773) GOls) 667), 687; 7113735 

Clematis blister beetle (Epicauta 
cinerea) 445 

Click beetles 
615 

Clothes moths 
17, 133, 140, 223, 227, 468, 469 

Clover aphid (Anuraphis bakeri) 
76, 246, 264, 286, 303, 504, 533, 
558, 649, 670, 691, 728 

Clover head caterpillar (Grapholitha 
interstinctana) 504, 533, 757, 
1013 


Clover head weevil (Tychius 
stephensi) 96, 505, 533, 1025 

Clover leafhopper (Aceratagallia 
Sanguinolenta) 23, 111, 234, 320, 
361, 533, 716, 739, 781, 814, 
1013 

Clover leaf weevil (Hypera punctata) 
111, 144, 152, 185, 191, 227, 
233, 241, 246, 257, 262, 264, 
276, 286, 294, 303, 319, 361, 
371, 381, 405, 445, 477, 536, 
1013, 1025 

Clover looper (Caenurgina 
crassiuscula) 581 

Clover mites 
S55 250/32") 6179) 784083186. 
104, 114, 128, 147, 150, 165, 
168, 190, 203, 214, 227, 234, 
237, 248, 250, 277, 295, 305, 
307, 310, 321, 327, 340, 363, 
365, 370, 374, 394, 404, 450, 
463, 467, 468, 469, 492, 609, 
631, 718, 933, 934, 985, 1001, 
1011, 1015 

Clover root borer (Hylastinus 
obscurus) 153, 191, 224, 227, 
246, 264, 352, 469, 605, 690, 
863, 998 

Clover root curculio (Sitona 
hispidula) 22, 111, 148, 246, 
276, 286, 295, 303, 320, 337, 
361, 371, 381, 582, 649, 670, 
690, 715, 812, 940, 963, 980, 
997, 1012 

Clover seed chalcid (Bruchophagus 
gibbus) 44, 111, 125, 180, 246, 
264, 477, 505, 533, 559, 649, 
739, 759, 945, 980 

Clover seed weevil (Miccotro 
Picirostris) 246, 445, 506, 557, 
582, 715, 945, 998, 1025 

Cluster fly (Pollenia rudis) 
25, 56, 193, 227, 948 

Cockroaches 
78, 90, 140, 156, 198, 227, 394, 
467, 468, 469, 805, 838, 948 

Coconut scale (Aspidiotus destructor) 
172 

Codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) 
6359)9123)) (58pa60s RIT SOneS,mS4, 
LU. eLS2 LOA Lodi Loo elo, 
141, 148, 151, 153, 195, 200, 
203, 216, 224, 225, 234, 248, 
265, 304, 310, 340, 352, 353, 
365, 384, 399, 408, 449, 465, 
467, 468, 469, 481, 493, 509, 
522, 536, 537, 584, 608, 609, 
631, 652, 673, 694, 718, 728, 
740, 761, 782, 799, 816, 833, 
848, 864, 945, 972, 985, 998, 
999), 1007, 1010; 1013); 12027 

Collembola 
31, 81, 934 

Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa 
decemlineata) 7, 21, 60, 81, 95, 
11:3), 14875°149), 151, 154, 172; 
175, 227, 242, 249, 267, 279, 
297, 323, 343, 366, 386, 398, 
409, 454, 465, 467, 469, 482, 
511, 539, 562, 586, 611, 654, 
674, 696, 719, 762, 783, 800, 
833, 947, 986, 1012, 1014 

Common cattle grub (Hypoderma 
lineatum) 61, 86, 99, 127, 155, 
160, 168, 172, 176, 201, 203, 
214, 251, 548 

Common malaria mosquito (Anopheles 
quadrimaculatus) 245, 1015 

Confused flour beetle (Tribolium 
confusum) 78, 86, 115, 135, 177, 
223, 245, 867, 956, 982 

Convergent lady beetle (Hippodamia 
convergens) 46, 82, 110, 136, 
146, 177, 269, 370, 595, 969 

Cooley spruce gall aphid (Chermes 
cooleyi) 8, 24, 25, 149, 392, 
436, 468, 947 

Corn blotch leaf miner (Agromyza 


parvicornis) 241, 556 


Corn earworm (Heliothis zea) 
6, 7, 22, 24, 43, 57, 59, 60, 76, 
84, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 112, 
120, 144, 148, 151, 152, 157, 
158, 171, 174, 175, 192, 194 
199, 201, 202, 216, 221, 223, 
224, 227, 241, 242, 247, 265, 
267, 285, 307, 310, 351, 371, 
379, 398, 404, 416, 442, 467, 
468, 469, 474, 502, 530, 554, 
579, 588, 603, 608, 626, 637, 
646, 668, 682, 688, 707, 712, 
736, 742, 755, 773, 778, 795, 
800, 807, 811, 829, 845, 855, 
861, 864, 877, 889, 890, 945, 
946, 985, 986, 997, 1010, 1012, 
1014, 1026, 1028 

Corn flea beetle (Chaetocnema 
pulicaria) 6, 57, 192, 223, 284, 
318, 335, 371, 379, 388, 398, 
399, 444, 474, 502, 530, 556, 
580, 603, 627, 647, 682, 689, 
812, 1013, 1026, 1028 

Corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum 
maidis) 3)) (6, Lo 22s a4arme5 i, 
59,077, 84, 112157 Tesh 74 
192, 193, 194, 200, 209, 218, 
223, 224, 227, 275, 285, 293, 
317, 336, 351, 398, 399, 443, 
467, 469, 475, 493, 502, 530, 
559, 579, 603, 627, 637, 647, 
669, 682, 690, 713, 737, 757, 
773, 779, 796, 812, 830, 846, 
862, 877, 890, 927, 939, 945, 
947, 953, 963, 979, 985, 993, 
1001,1013, 1028 

Corn root aphid (Anuraphis 
maidi-radicis) 504, 530, 580 

Corn root webworm (Crambus 
caliginosellus) -I52, 475 

Corn rootworms 
108, 200, 227, 469, 647, 689, 
712, 756, 890 

Corn sap beetle (Carpophilus 
dimidiatus) 647 

Corn silk beetle (Luperodes 
brunneus) 227, 62 

Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) 
45, 77, 83, 95, 132, 141, 159, 
218, 222, 243, 287, 310, 345, 
368, 390, 412, 457, 467, 493, 
513, 543, 567, 589) 61'5, (657); 
677, 699, 722, 744, 766, 835, 
851, 865, 881, 893, 930, 987 

Cotton fleahopper (Psallus 
seriatus) 85, 176, 181, 218, 
222, 368, 390, 412, 457, 468, 
493, 515, 543, 545, 566, 590, 
616, 636, 677, 987 

Cotton gray weevil (Myllocerus 
undecimpustatus maculosus) 141 

Cotton leaf perforator (Bucculatrix 
thurberiella) 181, 309, 310, 467, 
487, 615, 636, 744, 766, 785, 
819, 851 

Cotton leaf roller (Sylepta derogata) 
141 

Cotton leafworm (Alabama argillacea) 
45, 83, 85, 93, 95, 98, 157, 173, 
175, 179, 181, 218, 222, 243, 
287, 373, 468, 469, 543, 636, 
657, 677, 744, 766, 803, 881, 
893, 930, 987 

Cotton square borer (Str 
melinus) 85, 222, 250, 615, 657, 
744, 881, 987, 1014 

Cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) 
141 

Cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela 
seripta) 24, 547, 702 

Cottony-cushion scale (Icerya 
purchasi) 24, 133, 134, 136, 
139, 159, 187, 281, 306, 309, 
941, 1021 

Cottony-maple scale (Pulvinaria 
innumerabilis) 24, 127, 159, 
250, 268, 393, 490, 518, 592, 
618, 681, 746, 768, 1001, 1002, 
1028 


Cowpea aphid (Aphis medicaginis) 
83, 85, 125, 140, 337, 361, 412, 
457, 699, 987 

Cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus 
aneneus) 95, 157, 158, 222, 242, 
784 

Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus 
maculatus) 211, 213, 994 

Cranberry fruitworm (Acrobasis 
vaccinii) 196 

Cranberry girdler (Crambus 
topiarius) 81, 264, 759 

Crickets 
227, 303, 855 

Cross-striped cabbageworm 
(Evergestis rimosalis) 45, 512, 
655, 929, 955 

Cucumber beetles 
227, 366, 388, 465 

Curled rose sawfly (Allantus cinctus) 
972 

Currant borer (Ramosia tipuliformis) 
485 

Currant fruit fly (Epochra 
canadensis) 24, 248, 341, 946, 
GRE) 

Currant fruit weevil 
(Pseudanthonomus validus) 610 


Cutworms 
Os By/5 1s Gila abla ale es 
140, 151, 152, 185, 190, 192, 
196, 198, 216, 221, 222, 226, 
227, 236, 242, 259, 275, 284, 
287, 294, 296, 298, 307, 311, 


628, 649, 764, 815, 933, 934, 
946, 947, 971, 997, 1010, 1025, 


Cyclamen mite (Steneotarsonemus 
pallidus) 9, 100, 117, 151, 198, 
266, 298, 305, 311, 344, 399, 
468, 485, 513, 522, 565, 589, 
CUZ 635sno93), 6997, .999)) 1010 


D 


Darkling beetles 
222, 311 

Dark mealworm (Tenebrio obscurus) 
159, 968, 1028 

Date mite (Oligonychus pratensis) 
85, 264, 445, 877 

Date scale (Parlatoria blanchardi) 
139 

Date stem borer (Oryctes elegans) 
137 

Deer flies 
78, 99, 245, 251, 325, 469, 948 

Deodar weevil (Pissodes nemorensis) 
299, 345 

Depressed flour beetle (Palorus 
subdepressus) 56 

Dermestids 
25, 133, 177, 201, 213, 236, 
261, 300, 468, 469 

Desert corn flea beetle 
(Chaetocnema ectypa) 180, 379 

Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) 
TSIM 4a 365013 Sa 

Desert spider mite (Tetranychus 
desertorum) 85, 590, 700 

Devastating grasshopper (Melanoplus 
devastator) 371, 441, 536, 554, 
577, 645, 667, 755 

Diamondback moth (Plutella 
maculipennis) 45, 134, 141, 154, 
222, 235, 267, 297, 322, 343, 
388, 410, 452, 502, 512, 540, 
564, 587, 612, 720, 741, 849, 
929, 971, 972, 1000, 1014, 1028 

Dictyospermum scale (Chrysomphalus 
dictyospermi) 134, 136, 139 


Differential grasshopper (Melanoplus 
differentialis) 100, 116, 199, 
286, 293, 317, 359, 403, 441, 
5295533577 5 1601s) 6255-6375 
645, 667, 687, 711, 735..755 

Dingy cutworm (Feltia Subgothica) 
284, 286, 287, 361, 605 

Dog biting louse (Trichodectes 
canis) 61 

Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) 
21, 61, 95, 160, 309, 354, 469, 
770 

Dogwood borer (Thamnosphecia 
scitula) 461 

Dogwood club-gall midge 
(Mycodiplosis alternata) 400 

Dogwood twig borer (Oberea 
tripunctata) 61, 269, 538, 747 

Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus 
pseudotsugae) 26, 203, 250, 268, 
415, 420, 423, 467, 592, 658, 
894, 987 

Douglas-fir engraver (Scolytus 
unispinosus) 1022 

Douglas-fir tussock moth 
(Hemerocampa pseudotsugata) 25, 
250, 431, 546 

Dried-fruit beetle (Carpophilus 
hemipterus) 139, 221, 864 

Drug-store beetle (Stegobium 
paniceum) 189 

Durra stalk borer (Sesamia cretica) 
133, 134, 136, 139 

Dusky birch sawfly (Croesus 
latitarsus) 462 

Dusky sap beetle (Carpophilus 
lugubris) 580, 603, 647, 689, 
713, 736, 947, 1013 

Dusky stink bug (Euschistus 


tristigmus) 365, 450 


Ear tick (Otobius megnini) 
SOA 2G elidieeOLemd905. 83; 
931, 948, 987 

Earwigs 
160, 468, 1009 

Eastern lubber grasshopper (Romalea 
microptera) 283, 667, 704, 789 

Eastern spruce gall aphid (Chermes 
abietis) 8, 299, 346, 488 

Eastern subterranean termite 
(Reticulitermes flavipes) 8, 9, 
10, 119, 150, 169, 179, 214, 226, 
283, 296, 327, 354, 395, 463, 
467, 468, 469, 493, 520, 982, 
1015 

Eastern tent caterpillar (Malacosoma 
americanum) 7, 10, 57, 58, 60, 
95, 149, 167, 175, 179, 189, 197, 
277, 299, 324, 327, 341, 346, 
369, 373, 392, 415, 416, 460, 
468, 488, 592, 1011, 1015, 1028 

Ecuadorian pink bollworm (Catarata 
lepisma) 330 

Eggplant flea beetle (Epitrix 
fuscula) 410, 511 

Eggplant leaf miner (Keiferia 
glochinella) 834 

Egyptian alfalfa weevil (Hypera 
brunneipennis) 165, 180, 209, 
445 

Egyptian cottonworm (Prodenia 
litura) 137 

Elm borer (Saperda tridentata) 
114 

Elm calligrapha (Calligrapha 
scalaris) 820, 882 

Elm cockscomb gall (Colopha ulmicola) 
109 

Elm leaf aphid (Myzocallis ulmifolii) 
24, 85, 176, 490, 517, 769, 882 


Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella 
xanthomelaena) 7, 10, 77, 82, 
155, 159, 216, 220, 226, 244, 
250, 268, 309, 345, 354, 373, 
393, 399, 415, 462, 491, 518, 
547, 568, 592, 618, 639, 658, 
679, 703, 725, 746, 769, 789, 
804, 820, 836, 838, 853, 867, 
948, 1000, 1011, 1024 

Elm leaf beetles 
6, 150, 227, 374, 469, 572 

Elm leaf miner (Fenusa ulmi) 

197 

Elm sawfly (Cimbex americana) 
345, 516, 568, 659 

Elm scurfy scale (Chinonaspis 
americana) 8, 399, 658, 746 

Elm spanworm (Ennomos subsignarius) 
93, 95, 437, 569, 866 

Engelmann spruce beetle 
(Dendroctonus engelmanni) 26, 
120, 268, 419, 420, 424 

English grain aphid (Macrosiphum 
granarium) 77, 108, 113, 140, 
174, 180, 200, 209, 233, 247, 
257, 264, 275, 285, 293, 317, 
336, 360, 380, 404, 443, 475, 
493, 504, 531, 556, 581, 605, 
628, 648, 713, 737, 812, 927, 
945, 954, 985, 993, 997, 1013, 


Eriophyid mites 
311, 468 


Ermine moth (Hyponomeuta padella) 
134 


Euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi) 
8, 31, 150, 490, 547, 680, 703, 
746, 804, 820, 941, 968 

European alder leaf miner (Fenusa 
dohrnii) 82 

European apple sawfly (Hoplocampa 
testudinea) 673 

European chafer (Amphimallon 
majalis) 53, 572, 583, 714, 760, 
847, 890 

European corn borer (Pyrausta 
nubiilaliis)/ 65 471,.9;vo lg), 20), 
33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 
42, 43, 57, 59, 74, 104, 107, 
110, 113, 116, 120, 137, 148, 
151, 152, 154, 157, 175, 178, 
191, 192, 194, 199, 209, 216, 
218, 220, 223, 224, 227, 233, 
242, 257, 275, 285, 287, 293, 
Si tke eb RES ete GEE 
403, 409, 413, 442, 467, 468, 
469, 473, 483, 501, 530, 536, 
539, 554, 572, 578, 586, 593, 
602, 608, 612, 615, 625, 633, 
636, 637, 646, 661, 668, 677, 
682, 688, 696, 707, 711, 720, 
723, 728, 735, 742, 755, 764, 
773, 777, 784, 795, 800, 811, 
817, 829, 834, 845, 850, 861, 
877, 881, 883, 889, 892, 927, 
929, 939, 1010, 1012, 1013, 
1014, 1026, 1028 

European earwig (Forficula 
auricularia) 9, 10, 22, 24, 78, 
150, 217, 250, 308, 311, 348, 
385, 463, 467, 468, 469, 492, 
570, 595, 619, 661, 680, 713, 
720, 748, 770, 791, 805, 816, 
821, 836, 866, 948, 969, 1001, 
1002, 1011 

European elm scale (Gossyparia 
spuria))8)22),(07) LL 196), 
201, 203, 345, 399, 490, 518, 
591, 658, 703, 725, 746, 1002 

European fruit lecanium (Lecanium 
corni) 24, 60, 104, 265, 304, 
311, 325, 399, 409, 450, 481, 
490, 493, 518, 561, 584, 610, 
632, 746, 867, 972, 999 

European pine sawfly (Neodiprion 
sertifer) 226, 392, 415, 433, 
459, 516, 546 


European pine shoot moth 
(Rhyacionia buoliana) 7, 58, 59, 
60, 196, 226, 227, 299, 324, 345, 
354, 392, 421, 434, 460, 468, 
469, 488, 516, 545, 569, 592, 
617, 724, 930 

European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) 
68, (9 58))60), SOnm 00k LT, 138); 
151, 153, 195, 224, 225, 227, 
248, 266, 295, 305, 310, 321, 
340, 352, 353, 365, 371, 384, 
399, 408, 449, 468, 469, 481, 
509, 537, 561, 565, 584, 609, 
631, 637, 652, 673, 694, 728, 
161, 773, 998); 1010, 1013, 

1027 

Eye-spotted bud moth (Spilonota 
ocellana) 9, 23, 195, 216, 248, 
295, 365, 399, 449, 509, 537, 
584, 972 


Fall armyworm (Laphygma frugiperda) 
15 (437, 184, 945 974 9Sse Loe l2), 
15201575 58 170, 1730 191) 
192, 194, 199, 201, 202, 217, 
220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 
241, 275, 285, 307, 351, 359, 
373, 382, 398, 399, 404, 417, 
444, 467, 468, 477, 502, 555, 
580, 603, 628, 649, 669, 688, 
707, 712, 728, 736, 742, 756, 
MOS Midas! dose 10057 500, OL L,; 
829, 846, 850, 861, 877, 889, 
927, 929, 985, 1012, 1014, 1026 


Fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria) 


7, 10, 60, 197, 415, 437, 488, 
alee BY) 

Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) 
7, 45, 60, 80, 85, 94, 95, 98, 
109, V4; 495 1555, 2585) 170, 
178; 19%; 2235, 268, (3545) .392; 
460, 482, 510, 546, 562, 585, 
611, 617, 632, 638, 653, 659, 
679, 695, 702, 718, 723, 724, 
7405. 745, 768,781, 789), (799); 
807, 819, 833, 852, 879, 986, 
987, 999, 1014, 1028 

False chinch bugs (Nysius spp.) 
86, 166, 222, 303, 306, 323, 
361, 455, 476, 508, 549, 559, 
582, 595, 630, 647, 670, 692, 
100); 135) ¢ot, 06, 863). 645), 
984 

False wireworms 
222, 247, 388, 467 

Field cricket (Acheta assimilis) 
(See Acheta sp.) 

Field cricket (Acheta sp.) 

20, 181, 308, 311, 748, 757, 791 

Fig borer (Batocera rufomaculata) 
141 

Filbertworm (Melissopus 
latiferreanus) 80, 278, 585, 
928, 999 

Fire ant (Solenopsis geminata) 
56, 728, 854 

Firebrats 
83, 933 

Fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis) 
819, 967, 987 

Fir needleminer (Epinotia meritana) 
420, 426, 432 

Flat grain beetle (Laemophloeus 
pusillus) 8, 177, 223, 261, 681, 
956, 1001, 1023, 1028 

Flathead apple tree borer 
(Chrysobothris femorata) 114, 
175, 310 

Flax bollworm (Heliothis ononis) 
972 

Flea beetles 
23, 59, 151, 222, 293, 323, 335, 
343, 359, 374, 379, 388, 404, 
410, 413, 454, 465, 469, 483, 
522, 536, 580, 603, 613, 654, 
721, 762, 817, 830, 947, 979 


Fleahoppers 
345, 368, 390, 445, 458, 487, 
515, 543, 590, 616, 637, 657, 
767 

Fleas 
99) 1325, 1335 LWT, 223, 227; 
467, 468, 469, 519, 660, 680, 
701, 726, 867 

Flies 
133, 140, 467, 469, 491, 569, 
594, 640, 660, 680, 726, 747, 
770, 790, 804, 934, 988, 1011 

Florida red scale (Chrysomphalus 
aonidum) 53, 138, 171, 172, 296, 
342, 386, 451, 467, 538, 585, 
632, 741, 799, 849, 929, 955, 
994 

Florida wax scale (Ceroplastes 
floridensis) 213 

Flour beetles 
55, 469 

Forbes scale (Aspidiotus forbesi) 
213, 385 

Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma 
disstria)) 120); 196); 19855250), 
268, 299, 346, 369, 392, 415, 
421, 436, 459, 488, 517, 546, 
569, 591, 617, 947, 966, 1000 

Four-lined plant bug (Poecilocapsus 
lineatus) 619 

Four-spotted spider mite 
(Tetranychus canadensis) 85, 
631, 945, 1025, 1027 

Fowl tick (Argas persicus) 
127, 189 

Foxglove aphid (Myzus solani) 
10, 585, 653, 696, 742, 1011 

Fruit tree leaf roller (Archips 
argyrospila) 84, 117, 195, 197, 
248, 365, 371, 399, 409, 413, 
437, 449, 493, 584, 694, 740, 
782 

Fruit weevil (Rhynchites heros) 
289 

Fuller rose beetle (Pantomorus 
godmani) 90, 94, 98, 353, 482, 


882 
G 


Gall insects 
746, 853, 866 

Gall midges 
251, 680 

Garden fleahopper (Halticus 
bracteatus) 59, 191, 675, 832, 
1025 

Garden slugs 
508, 1011 

Garden springtail (Bourletiella 
hortensis) 368 

Garden symphylid (Scutigerella 
immaculata) 17, 57, 81, 249, 
266, 531, 864 

Garden webworm (Loxostege similalis) 
23, 44, 111, 191, 217, 222, 286, 
467, 469, 508, 533, 543, 555, 
559, 566, 580, 593, 606, 650, 
669, 677, 691, 758, 766, 779, 
1012 

German cockroach (Blattella 
germanica) 8, 72, 86, 105, 138, 
160, 354, 463, 467, 469, 594, 
CRS) 

Giant hornet (Vespa crabro germana) 
155, 245, 466, 805, 868, 932 

Gladiolus thrips (Taeniothrips 
simplex) 933, 1011 

Glassy cutworm (Crymodes devastator) 


264 

Glover scale (Lepidosaphes gloverii) 
134 

Gnats 


78, 245, 469 

Golden nematode (Heterodera 
rostochiensis) 323, 453, 587, 
1022 

Golden oak scale (Asterolecanium 
variolosum) 547 


Golden tortoise beetle (Metriona 
bicolor) 158, 655, 695, 1014 

Grain mite (Acarus siro) 56, 86, 
1001 

Grain thrips (Limothrips cerealium) 
407~ 

Grain weevils 
227, 468 

Granary weevil (Sitophilus 
granarius) 8, 25, 78, 115, 135,. 
14058565) 1985 2015 Sila0r 
956, 1001 

Granulate cutworm (Feltia 
subterranea) 303, 850, 928, 940 

Grape berry moth (Paralobesia 
viteana) 148, 151, 218, 227, 946 

Grape erineum mite (Eriophyes vitis) 
ets Ghilo Sty “alley? 

Grape flea beetle (Altica chalybea) 
158, 482, 632 

Grape leaf folder (Desmia funeralis) 
306, 311, 740, 762, q0LO;mGoln=am 
928 

Grape leaf skeletonizer (Harrisina 
americana) 241 

Grape mealybug (Pseudococcus 
maritimus) 135, 226, 266, 305, 
385 

Grape phylloxera (Phylloxera 
vitifoliae) 148 

Grape rootworm (Fidia viticida) 
632 

Grapevine aphid (Aphis illinoisensis) 
158 

Grapevine thrips (Rhipiphorothrips 
cruentatus) 141 

Grasshoppers . 
15, 19, 22, 23, 76, 83, 84, 97, 
107; L105, 112). Lic L205 ers 
133; 1375, 1383/1575 165hel73% 
185, 191, 194, 199, 201, 203, 
217, 220, 221, 222, 227, 241, 
242, 247, 265, 275, 286, 293, 
303); 308)) 311) S3Lii5) S22yecs05 
BeyG era etka RY KEES SEE), 
395, 403, 413, 441, 454, 467, 
468, 469, 473, 493, 495, 501, 
511, 514, 515, 529, 536, 539, 
545) 1547); DOD) DOO Oddi OU Las 
615, 625, 637, 645, 667, 687, 
7075 Tl, (18, 728; %oD sates 
755, 773, 777, 795, 811, 815, 
829, 845, 855, 861, 877, 889, 
927, 939, 944, 952, 963, 971, 
979, 984, 986, 987, 997, 1002, 
1021, 1025, 1026 

Gray garden slug (Deroceras 
reticulatum) 265 

Great Basin tent caterpillar 
(Malacosoma fragilis) 203, 436, 
470, 947, 987 

Greater wax moth (Galleria 
mellonella) 868 

Greedy scale (Aspidiotus camelliae) 
260, 277, 746 i 

Greenbug (Toxoptera graminum) 
3, 15, 29, 44, 53, 84, 89, 104, 
125, 144, 158, 165, 174, 185; 
200, 209, 221, 233, 237, 257, 
262, 275, 285, 293, 317, 335, 
359, 379, 476, 691, 890, 927, 
953, 963, 979, 985, 993, 1007, 
1021 

Green cloverworm (Plathypena scabra) 
1083,1110)5) 117), 20pm Soames 
175, 193, 286, 294, 320, 352, 
361, 405, 445, 469, 477, 506, 
559, 606, 628, 634, 650, 670, 
693, 697, 715, 738, 742, 757, 
763, 780, 784, 797, 812, 818, 
831, 834, 863, 878, 1012, 1014, 


1027 
Greenhouse slug (Milax gagates) 
258 


Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes 
vaporariorum) 105 

Green June beetle (Cotinis nitida) 
97, 99, 154, 155, 226, 244, 323, 
373, 445, 680, 891, 954, 963 

Green oak tortrix (Tortrix viridana) 
229 


Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) 
77, 80, 97, 126, 141, 154, 165, 
EGHAM 2 LT Spel S7 ar 202. 
203, 210, 211, 215, 248, 260, 
265, 267, 280, 296, 297, 298, 
305, 307, 310, 321, 323, 344, 
353, 365, 368, 371, 384, 386, 
389, 408, 449, 456, 467, 468, 
469, 482, 483, 486, 493, 514, 
538, 541, 561, 563, 585, 586, 
588, 589, 611, 614, 635, 637, 
653, 655, 676, 696, 720, 741, 
742, 764, 783, 800, 802, 817, 
835, 849, 879, 891, 893, 929, 
98558995999) 1011, 1014, 1022 

Green rose chafer (Dichelonyx backi) 
546 

Green stink bug (Acrosternum hilare) 
320, 365, 467, 532), 713, 723; 
930 

Green-striped mapleworm (Anisota 
rubicunda) 114, 200, 545, 1015 

Gregarious oak leaf miner 
(Cameraria cincinnatiella) 149 
702 

Ground beetles 
46, 99 

Gulf coast tick (Amblyomma 
maculatum) 179 

Gulf wireworm (Conoderus amplicollis) 
171 

Gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar) 

7, 10, 55, 60, 100, 126, 149, 
167, 213, 298, 324, 369, 392, 
400, 436, 460, 467, 468, 545, 
591, 745, 768, 819, 852, 894, 


1011 
H 


Hackberry lace bug (Corythucha 
celtidis) 299 

Hackberry nipple gall (Pachypsylla 
celtidis-mamma) 150, 176, 369 
490, 518 

Hairy caterpillar (Euproctis 


signata) 141 
Hairy chinch bug (Blissus 


leucopterus hirtus) 8, 400 

Hall scale (Nilotaspis halli) 
258, 322 

Harlequin bug (Murgantia 
histrionica) 114, 222, 343, 410, 
604, 634, 720, 783, 800, 986, 
1014 

Harvester ants 
84, 468, 469 

Hawthorn lace bug (Corythucha 
cydoniae) 746, 867 

Hemlock sawfly (Neodiprion tsugae) 
25, 268, 421 

Hessian fly (Phytophaga destructor) 
AG), AO). GY pL AL Ep nce pean GET 
192, 200, 227, 285, 352, 380, 
468, 476, 532, 556, 608, 628, 
648, 670, 690, 757, 779, 831, 
878, 889, 998, 1001, 1027 

Hickory plant bug (Neolygus caryae) 
225, 450, 510 

Hickory shuckworm (Laspeyresia 
caryana) 94, 277, 740, 929, 964, 
980, 994 

Hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus) 
86, 159, 956 

Hog louse (Haematopinus suis) 
61, 251, 948 ean 

Holly leaf miner (Phytomyza ilicis) 
236, 260, 1000 

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) 
S3mls2 tel peso MmLOBN 245402610 
269, 301, 349, 416, 463, 492, 
548, 570, 619, 660 

Hop aphid (Phorodon humuli) 
305, 310 

Hop flea beetle (Psylliodes 


punctulata) 388 


Horn fly (Siphona irritans) 
21, 78, 86, 99, 109, 115, 151, 
160), 172), 176, 197, 201, (227, 
251, 325, 348, 370, 393, 416, 
458, 467, 468, 469, 492, 519, 
548, 569, 594, 618, 640, 660, 
701, 726, 747, 769, 790, 837, 
853, 882, 896, 931, 942, 948, 


956, 987 
Horned aphid (Lachnus salignus) 
329 


Hornet moth (Aegeria apiformis) 
85 


Hornworms (Protoparce spp.) 
13154522 7nm 2430323), L762. 
764, 783, 784, 817 

Horse piting louse (Bovicola equi) 
61 

Horse bot fly (Gasterophilus 
intestinalis) 896, 948 

Horse flies 
78, 99, 160, 227, 467, 468, 569, 
701, 948 

Horse sucking louse (Haematopinus 
asini) 261 

House cricket (Acheta domestica) 
141, 150 

House flies 
227, 467, 468, 469 

House fly (Musca domestica) 

46, 61, 78, 86, 99, 109, 115, 
138, 150, 151, 155, 197, 201, 
223, 245, 309, 354, 458, 519, 
548, 594, 790, 837, 853, 867, 
948, 1015 

Human bot fly (Dermatobia hominis) 
330 

Human flea (Pulex irritans) 

150, 594 


Imbricated snout beetle (Epicaerus 
imbricatus) 409 

Imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae) 
1, -45; 259,260), (98 L457 01265 
132, 137, 148, 151, 154, 166, 
196, 216, 218, 225, 242, 258, 
267, 279, 311, 343, 366, 388, 
398, 410, 452, 467, 512, 564, 
587, 612, 622, 634, 655, 675, 
720, 741, 800, 817, 833, 880, 
929, 941, 947, 955, 1000, 1012, 
1014, 1028 

Imported currantworm (Nematus 
ribesii) 452 

Imported fire ant (Solenopsis 
saevissima richteri) 17, 31, 46, 
56, 73, 91, 93, 95, 106, 128, 
147, 157, 160, 170, 179, 190, 
214, 220, 223, 237, 240, 244, 
261, 283, 301, 327, 349), 374, 
463, 467, 469, 570, 705, 822, 
897, 969, 1024 

Imported willow leaf beetle 
(Plagiodera versicolora) 226 

Indian-meal moth (Plodia 
interpunctella) 852051015; oo), 
100, 115, 132, 136, 146, 159, 
177, 201, 213, 223, 236, 261, 
394, 790, 854, 956, 969, 982, 
1001, 1028 

Introduced pine sawfly (Diprion 
similis) 118, 120, 415, 469, 
B91, 895 

Ips beetles 
26, 154, 176, 222, 299, 421, 
426, 427, 638, 702, 746, 768, 
851 

Iris borer (Macronoctua onusta) 
115 

Italian pear scale (Epidiaspis 


iricola) 234, 561 
Itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei) 
660 


J 


Jack-pine budworm (Choristoneura 

inus) 118, 120, 196, 421, 430, 
, 469, 517, 568, 617, 702 

Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) 
8, 59, 60, 100, 150, 153, 154, 
155, 196, 211, 226, 227, 233, 
241, 242, 244, 299, 324, 339, 
352, 380, 395, 399, 448, 461, 
467, 468, 547, 568, 580, 592, 
606, 610, 613, 614, 617, 630, 
635, 639, 642, 651, 655, 659, 
675, 681, 705,°715, 727, 728, 
771, 797, 822, 854, 897, 969, 
1013 

Jeffrey pine beetle (Dendroctonus 
jeffreyi) 77, 420, 424 

Jerusalem cricket (Stenopelmatus 
fuscus) 25 

Juniper scale (Diaspis carueli) 
226, 324, 703, 948 

Juniper webworm (Dichomeris 


marginella) 747 
Jute hairy caterpillar (Diacrisia 


obliqua) 141 
Jute semi-looper (Anomis sabulifera) 
141 


K 


Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) 
55; (61); 178; (83 86; el0GreISs 
127, 132, 135, 146, 156, 170, 
189, 198, 201, 212, 236, 251, 
261, 269, 300, 326, 348, 462, 
467, 570, 595, 704, 727, 770, 
821, 854, 882, 896, 968, 982, 
996, 1001, 1023 


Ls 


Lacewings 
78, 301, 310, 326, 988 

Lackey moth (Malacosoma neustria) 
101 

Lady beetles 
78, 136, 156, 168, 190, 252, 
282, 326, 371 

Larch casebearer (Coleophora 
laricella) 251, 346, 432, 461, 
517, 658, 893 

Larch looper (Semiothisa sexmaculata) 
251, 431 

Larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii) 
118, 197, 434, 460, 469, 617, 638, 
708, 724, 895, 1011 

Larder beetle (Dermestes lardarius) 
156, 727 

Larder beetles 
133, 469 

Large aspen tortix (Archips 
conflictana) 617 

Large white butterfly (Pieris 
brassicae) 621 

Leaf crumpler (Acrobasis 
indigenella) 296 

Leaf-footed bug (Leptoglossus 
phyllopus) 95, 157, 158, 242, 
603, 781, 796, 830, 849 

Leafhoppers 
Tita ier lsaly aly, ae, ee, 
310, 346, 367, 387, 445, 449, 
455, 457, 468, 493, 537, 540, 
629, 639, 742, 781, 786, 934, 
945, 948, 993 

Leaf miners 
892, 995 

Leaf rollers 
83, 115, 181, 392, 469, 481, 
537, 593, 694, 723, 954, 968 


Lemon butterfly (Papilio demoleus) 


949 
Leopard moth (Zeuzera pyrina) 
138 


Lespedeza webworm (Tetralopha 
scortealis) 812 

Lesser appleworm (Grapholitha 

7 prunivora) 304, 632 

Lesser bulb fly (Eumerus 
tuberculatus) 211, 249, 267 

Lesser canna leaf roller (Geshna 
cannalis) 955 

Lesser clover leaf weevil (Hypera 
nigrirostris) 57, 76, 111, 191, 
224, 233, 247, 264, 276, 286, 
303, 311, 319, 338, 352, 361, 
382, 397, 406, 446, 469, 506, 
533, 582, 628, 649, 691, 813, 
939, 1001, 1013, 1025 

Lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalpus 
lignosellus) 44, 94, 95, 96, 152, 
157, 175, 178, 180, 269, 307, 
309, 603, 647, 672, 739, 759, 
781, 818 

Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha 
dominica) 83, 132, 135, 136, 
140, 146, 177, 201, 213, 220, 
223), 2363-261, -1001 

Lesser mealworm (Alphitobius 
diaperinus) 681, 805, 837 

Lesser peach tree borer (Synanthedon 
pictipes) 94, 153, 187, 221, 
225, 321, 353, 365, 409, 964 

Lice 
133, 140, 151, 203, 236, 325, 
467, 519, 933 

Lilac borer (PodoseSia syringae 


syringae) 98, 115 
Lilac leaf miner (Gracilaria 


syringella) 24, 268 

Lima-bean pod borer (Etiella 
zinckenella) 784, 880 

Lined stalk borer (Oligia 
fractilinea) 247 

Little house fly (Fannia canicularis) 
416 

Locust borer (Megacyllene robiniae) 
4, 60, 176, 896, 948 

Locust leaf miner (Chalepus dorsalis) 
60, 354, 373, 546, 638, 679, 
745, 1015 

Locust leaf roller (Nephopteryx 
subcaesiella) 679 

Locust twig borer (Ecdytolopha 
insiticiana) 30, 299 

Lodgepole needle miner (Recurvaria 
milleri) 420, 422, 433 

Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum) 
177, 594 

Long-nosed cattle louse (Linognathus 
vituli) 109, 282 

Long-tailed mealybug (Pseudococcus 
adonidum) 127, 306 

Loopers 
44, 120, 153, 467, 678, 697, 
723, 742, 756, 766, 801, 849 

Lucerne flea (Sminthurus viridis) 
253 

Lygus bugs 
DOO 22 Oy Rill oe SentLOSs 
165, 179, 180, 209, 222, 227, 
234, 247, 250, 257, 276, 294, 
304, 308, 310, 320, 338, 367, 
371, 383, 389, 406, 411, 413, 
446, 455, 457, 458, 468, 469, 
487, 493, 507, 512, 515, 533, 
545, 558, 582, 590, 606, 612, 
629, 649, 657, 670, 678, 692, 
697, 700, 716, 738, 744, 759, 
767, 788, 985 


Magnolia scale (Neolecanium 
cornuparyum) 244 

Maize and jawar borer (Chilo 
zonellus) 140 

Maize billbug (Calendra maidis) 
112 


Man eoimeet pus (Drosicha stepbingi) 

1 

Maple bladder-gall mite (Vasates 
quadripedes) 150, 226, 462, 488, 
518, 1028 

Maple callus borer (Sylvora acerni) 
517 

Maple leaf cutter (Paraclemensia 
acerifoliella) 100, 468 

Maple-petiole borer (Caulocampus 
acericaulis) 516 

March flies 
349 

Margined blister beetle (Epicauta 
pestifera) 149, 158, 715, 719 

Meadow plant bug (Leptopterna 
dolabratus) 23, 397, 

Meadow spittlebug (Philaenus 
leucophthalmus) 6, 9, 53, 59, 
150, 152, 191, 194, 223, 241, 
2A sAOn Sze Ooo RG DLs iToOa., 
373, 382, 407, 447, 467, 468, 
478, 506, 513, 534, 558, 582, 
613, 629, 692, 698, 716, 739, 
759, 798, 814, 832, 847, 933, 
934, 953, 994, 999, 1012, 1025 

Mealybugs 
159, 198, 223, 538, 740 

Mealy plum aphid (Hyalopterus 
arundinis) 80, 248, 305, 371, 
652 

Mediterranean flour moth (Anagasta 
kuhniella) 25, 78, 135, 146, 179, 
1001 

Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis 
capitata) 15, 104, 138, 139, 166, 
210, 277, 341, 451, 562, 611, 
695, 707, 799, 816, 1022 

Melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) 

WT IIE, LBL 2 e175 58222); 279), 
305, 308, 454, 467, 655, 675, 
697, 847, 930, 947, 1028 

Melon beetle (Epilachna chrysomelina) 
134, 137, 140 

Melonworm (Diaphania hyalinata) 

29) wal 7 2emo22 

Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna 
varivestis) 7, 60, 85, 93, 94, 
95, 96, 98, 113, 149, 151, 153, 
1157 mlbsi Ten wloGe 2O2ee216% 
225, 227, 241, 242, 297, 322, 
343, 367, 388, 398, 410, 446, 
452, 467, 469, 480, 484, 508, 
513, 534, 540, 564, 583, 587, 
607, 608, 612, 634, 642, 650, 
654, 661, 675, 697, 707, 715, 
719, 738, 742, 763, 780, 784, 
797, 801, 818, 834, 850, 855, 
880, 947, 986, 1002, 1010, 1014, 


Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha 
ludens) 54, 145, 210, 321, 341, 
45001562, °585;,,695,..762;,, (892, 
1021 

Midges 
10, 349 

Migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus 
bilituratus) 112, 173, 199, 265, 
286293 wold, 399),13.09),2 (403), 
441, 501, 529, 553, 577, 601, 
602, 625, 645, 667, 687, 711, 
735 

Millipedes 
61, 227, 245, 467, 850, 947, 970, 
1009 

Mimosa webworm (Homadaula albizziae) 
7, 99, 155, 244, 354, 373, 435, 
593, 618, 639, 659, 703,.725, 
746, 769, 789, 804, 820, 836, 
853, 867, 895, 1014, 1028 

Mites 
17, 22, 148, 176, 293, 300, 321, 
352, 392, 399, 461,467, 468, 469, 
518, 631, 659, 704, 718, 740, 
746, 768, 789, 804, 846, 933, 
1027 

Mole crickets 
137, 138, 140, 212 


Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex) 
22, 76, 80, 233, 338, 350, 379, 
442, 469, 473, 495, 501, 529, 
577, 602, 625, 645, 688, 735, 
845, 944, 979, 997, 1001 

Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus 
moroccanus) 131, 134 

Mosquitoes 
10, 21, 22, 46, 76, 78, 99, 100, 
105, 109, 115, 119, 120, 132, 
133), 1405; 146) 50/5) V5Sr ealaides, 
181, 193, 196, 197, 198, 214, 
223, 227, 236, 251, 280, 325, 
348, 354, 393, 416, 417, 458, 
467, 468, 469, 491, 519, 548, 
569, 594, 618, 640, 660, 680, 
701, 726, 747, 790, 804, 821, 
853, 896, 948, 987 

Mottled tortoise beetle (Deloyala 
guttata) 158, 655 

Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus 
monticolae) 26, 77, 120, 251, 
420, 422, 488, 894 

Mourning-cloak butterfly (Nymphalis 
antiopa) 24, 78, 109, 197, 251, 
309, 324, 346, 518, 568, 592, 
703, 987 

Mulberry whitefly (Tetraleurodes 
mori) 789 


Nantucket pine moth (Rhyacionia 
frustrana) 45, 58, 60, 95, 114, 
¥55, 159, 176, 179, 220, 244; 
324, 435, 461, 487, 516, 545, 
658, 682, 835, 852, 866 

Native elm bark beetle 


(Hylurgopinus rufipes) 469, 679 

Navel orangeworm (Paramyelois 
transitella) 306, 310; 879, 964, 
980, 1007 

Northern cattle grub (Hypoderma 
bovis) 86, 155, 168, 214, 251 

Northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica 
longicornis) 112, 120, 192, 194, 
285, 351, 669, 689, 736, 830 

Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus 
sylviarum) 190, 468, 469 

Northern house mosquito (Culex 
pipiens) 150, 325, 458, 469, 
519, 594 

Northern masked chafer (Cyclocephala 
borealis) 114, 226, 382, 815 

Norway-maple aphid (Periphyllus 
lyropictus) 250, 268, 545, 724, 
947 

Nose bots 
469 


O 


Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) 
638, 679 aT 

Oak skeletonizer (Bucculatrix 
ainsliella) 804, 

Oblique-banded leaf roller (Archips 
rosaceana) 81, 409, 456, 481, 
592, 999 

Obscure scale (Chrysomphalus 
obscurus) 277, 461, 964 D 

Old-house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) 
32, 61, 150, 156, 237, 245, 468, 
493, 549, 595, 932, 969 

Old World date mite (Oligonychus 
afrasiaticus) 135 

Oleander scale (Aspidiotus hederae) 
145, 213, 305, 348 

Olive fly (Dacus oleae) 


137, 139 
Olive moth (Prays oleellus) 
137 


Olive psylla (Euphyllura olivina) 
139 

Olive scale (Parlatoria oleae) 
15, 135, 139, 141, 306, 309, 
311, 395, 450, 740 


Omnivorous leaf tier (Cnephasia 
longana) 79, 322, 476, 972, 997 

One-spot stink bug (Euschistus 
variolarius) 249, 450 

Onion maggot (Hylemya antiqua) 
TIP RCOMSIeMUUSNELIGMEZO3") 21d), 
249, 267, 297, 344, 388, 411, 
454, 467, 468, 469, 485, 493, 
512, 522, 536, 541, 564, 588, 
613, 655, 675, 697, 801, 865, 
881, 933, 947, 972, 999, 1025, 
1027 

Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) 
77, 85, 126, 187, 196, 222, 235, 
249, 311, 564, 634, 675, 947, 
986, 987, 1007 

Orange pulvinaria scale (Pulvinaria 
aurantii) 134 

Orange-striped oakworm (Anisota 
senatoria) 149, 745, 804, 819, 
835, 866, 893, 966 

Orange tortrix (Argyrotaenia 
citrana) 72, 126, 268, 369, 495, 
584, 610, 720, 804, 999 

Orchard mites 
84, 225, 340, 384, 493, 537, 
585, 652, 661, 694, 761, 792, 
799, 816 

Oriental cockroach (Blatta 
orientalis) 86, 327, 467, 492, 
520, 942 

Oriental fruit moth (Grapholitha 
molesta) 7, 79, 80, 94, 148, 
153, 158, 178, 218, 225, 227, 
265),./304) 352), (353), 384, 408, 
450, 469, 509, 536, 538, 584, 
608, 610, 652, 673, 695, 718, 
728, 751, 761, 782, 833, 928, 
997, 998, 1027 

Oriental moth (Cnidocampa 
flavescens) 804 

Oriental yellow scale (Aonidiella 
orientalis) 135 

Oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes 
ulmi) 22, 60, 114, 117, 119, 149, 
165, 203, 226, 251, 268, 348, 
SIS AOL DOOM G32 OS Nic oo) 
948, 1002 


Pacific Coast wireworm (Limonius 
canus) 265, 267 

Pacific flatheaded borer 
(Chrysobothris mali) 306, 310, 
384 

Pacific mite (Tetranychus pacificus) 
258, 609, 768 

Packard grasshopper (Melanoplus 
packardii) 247, 265, 553, 601, 
687 

Painted-lady (Vanessa cardui) 
ali, ke eS eri S IZ 7Ewo 10), 
382, 411, 462, 490, 520, 564, 
607, 639, 972, 997, 999, 1012, 
1013 

Painted leafhopper (Endria inimica) 
alah 

Painted maple aphid (Drepanaphis 
acerifoliae) 8 

Pale-striped flea beetle (Systena 
blanda) 95, 487, 534, 629 

Pale tussock moth (Halisidota 
tessellaris) 679, 789 

Pale western cutworm (Agrotis 
orthogonia) 23, 107, 110, 113, 
165, 200, 201, 202, 293, 318, 
S37 Sol, 006) W798 0 

Pales weevil (Hylobius pales) 
45, 159, 369, 392, 415, 428, 
459, 517, 547, 568, 852 

Parlatoria date scale (Parlatoria 
blanchardi) 135 

Pavement ant (Tetramorium caespitum) 
8, 170, 308, 467, 469, 563, 619, 
1015 


Pea aphid (Macrosiphum pisi) 
6, 44, 57, 59, 76, 79, 81, 84, 
89, 108, 111, 114, 117, 120, 
131, 152, 158, 174, 179, 180, 
185, 190, 191, 195, 200, 201, 
203, 209, 212, 217, 224, 227, 
234, 247, 249, 257, 264, 266, 
276, 280, 286, 294, 303, 310, 
319, 338, 361, 371, 382, 406, 
410, 413, 446, 452, 465, 467, 
468, 469, 478, 484, 507, 512, 
534, 536, 540, 558, 564, 582, 
587, 593, 606, 612, 630, 634, 
637, 649, 654, 671, 691, 715, 
738, 758, 780, 797, 813, 832, 
846, 863, 878, 890, 928, 939, 
944, 953, 963, 980, 984, 993, 
99/7; 1001, 1012, 1025, 1028 

Pea leaf miner (Liriomyza langei) 
308 

Pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineata) 
53, 79, 125, 234, 260, 264, 
344, 362, 406, 671, 691, 997 


Pea moth (Laspeyresia nigricana) 
267 


Pea thrips (Kakothrips pisivorus) 
120 

Pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum) 
203, 213, 266, 452, 484, 512, 
540, 947 

Peach fruit fly (Dacus zonatus) 
142 

Peach fruit moth (Carposina 
niponensis) 751 

Peach silver mite (Vasates cornutus) 
6, 80, 265, 305, 740, 945, 998 

Peach tree borer (Sanninoidea 
exitiosa) 93, 94, 115, 158, 175, 
203, 221, 225, 227, 277, 296 
321, 353, 385, 467, 468, 652, 
945, 954, 964 

Peach twig borer (Anarsia 
lineatella) 80, 134, 138, 139, 
203, 221, 248, 265, 296, 304, 
310, 341, 385, 467, 482, 493, 
509, 610, 652, 695, 718, 761, 
848, 945, 986, 998 

Pear leaf blister mite (Eriophyes 
pyri) 24, 77, 80, 144, 187, 210, 
216, 248, 305, 366, 385, 409, 
450, 465, 481, 538, 561, 610, 
761, 820, 892, 945, 972, 998 

Pear psylla (Psylla pyricola) 
80, 125, 151, 211, 234, 248, 
265, 277, 296, 303, 304, 310, 
321, 327, 341, 371, 385, 409, 
465, 468, 509, 610, 652, 674, 
740, 761, 864, 998, 1007 

Pear rust mite (Epitrimerus pyri) 
265 

Pear sawfly (Hoplocampa brevis) 
573 


Pear-slug (Caliroa cerasi) 
24, 77, 227, 248, 265, 304, 311, 
561, 585, 652, 673, 694, 718, 
740, 945, 985, 1002, 1013 

Pear thrips (Taeniothrips 
inconsequens 138, 258, 305, 
311, 945, 998 

Pecan leaf casebearer (Acrobasis 
junglandis) 366, 409 

Pecan leaf phylloxera (Phylloxera 
notabilis) 510 

Pecan nut casebearer (Acrobasis 
caryae) 94, 171, 175, 187, 221, 
235, 277, 341, 386, 451, 468, 
510, 538, 561, 585, 611, 782 

Pecan weevil (Curculio caryae) 
94755 2777S 2m 

Pepper maggot (Zonosemata electa) 
634, 697, 801 

Pepper weevil (Anthonomus eugenii) 
6, 7, 222, 308, 311, 588, 655, 
697, 763, 784, 865, 881, 994 

Periodical cicada (Magicicada 
septendecim) 58, 60, 153, 155, 
244, 353, 373, 468, 518 

Philippine cotton boll weevil 
(Amorphoidea lata) 975 


Pickleworm (Diaphania nitidalis) 
98, 154, 158, 172, 218, 964 

Pineapple mealybug (Pseudococcus 
brevipes) 728 

Pine bark aphid (Pineus strobi) 
58, 155, 260, 268, 325, 346, 369, 
400, 415, 461, 517, 547, 679) 


725, 1011 
Pine bark weevils 
852, 966 


Pine butterfly (Neophasia menapia) 
82, 251, 432 

Pine chafer (Anomala oblivia) 
58 

Pine engraver (Ips pini) 
95, 346, 392, 400, 746 

Pine leaf aphid (Pineus pinifoliae) 
100, 437, 725, 1011 

Pine moth (Panolis flammea) 
1017 

Pine needle miner (Exoteleia 
pinifoliella) 45, 149 

Pine needle scale (Phenacaspis 
pinifoliae) 21, 22, 24, 26, 31, 
60, 114, 150, 159, 251, 260, 268, 
324, 346, 415, 435, 518, 547, 
866, 1002, 1028 

Pine root-collar weevil (Hylobius 
radicis) 118, 197, 400, 428 

Pine sawflies 

* 227, 369, 433 

Pine tortoise scale (Toumeyella 
numismaticum) 58, 59, 61, 119, 

159, 281, 324, 400, 435, 518 

Pine webworm (Tetralopha 
robustella) 167, 299, 881, 930, 
966 

Pink bollworm (Pectinophora 
gossypiella) 3, 16, 30, 54, 77, 
85, 89, 132, 133, 135, 141, 145, 
1670176) Mise a oootiaaa" 
281, 345, 390, 412, 457, 458, 
486, 515, 543, 544, 566, 590, 
615, 636, 700, 744, 766, 803, 
819, 835, 850, 865, 881, 941, 
965, 980, 984, 987, 995, 1022 

Pink scavenger caterpillar 
(Pyroderces rileyi) 157, 993 

Pistachio leafhopper (Idiocerus 
stali) 135 

Pitch twig moth (Petrova 
comstockiana) 118 © 

Plains false wireworm (Eleodes 
opaca) 113 

Plant bugs 
120, 286, 352, 362, 406, 447, 
468, 478, 507, 616, 700, 759, 
1001 

Plum curculio (Conotrachelus 
nenuphar) 7, 93, 94, 117, 148, 
151, 153, 195, 200, 216, 218, 
221, 224, 225, 227, 295, 321, 
341, 352, 353, 366, 385, 399, 
408, 417, 450, 465, 468, 469, 
481, 509, 522, 537, 561, 584, 
610, 632, 652, 673, 695, 833, 
1013, 1027 

Plum fruit moth (Laspeyresia 
funebrana) 989 

Poplar and willow borer 
(Sternochetus lapathi) 119, 251, 
517, 638, 659, 1000 

Poplar borer (Saperda calcarata) 
251 

Poplar-petiole gall aphid 
(Pemphigus populi-transversus) 
24, 965 

Poplar tent maker (Ichthyura 
inclusa) 836, 853 

Poplar-twig gall aphid (Pemphigus 
populi-ramulorum) 987 

Poplar vagabond aphid (Mordwilkoja 
vagabunda) 24, 947 

Potato aphid (Macrosiphum 
solanifolii) 10, 202, 225, 249, 
307, 329, 386, 398, 453, 467, 
483, 512, 539, 563, 585, 586, 
611, 653, 696, 720, 741, 742, 
817, 948, 1011, 1014 


~xPine spittlebug (Aphrophora 


parallela) 58, 60, 461, 517, 
545, 617 


Potato flea beetle (Epitrix 
cucumeris) 10, 21, 59, 60, 109, 
149, 154, 195, 225, 227, 398, 
410, 454, 468, 469, 511, ERE) 
562, 586, 633, 654, 696, 719, 
742, 762, 1011, 1014 

Potato jassid (Empoasca devastans) 
141 

Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) 
6; 20), 21) 57, 605; 108; TORRE. 
113, 116, 151, 152, °154, alyplbe, 
192, 194, 223, 225, 227, 257, 
286, 338, 351, 362, 383, 397, 
406, 413, 445, 467, 468, 469, 
478, 483, 508, 512, 535, 536, 
539, 563, 572, 582, 586, 606, 
630, 633, 650, 653, 654, 671, 
692, 716, 728, 739, 759, 763, 
781, 783, 798, 801, 807, 814, 
832, 940, 954, 965, 1013, 1014, 
1025, 1028 

Potato psyllid (Paratrioza 
cockerelli) 22, 24, 110, 113, 
200, 202, 222, 259, 278, 453, 
468, 483, 511, 563, 586, 611, 
633, 654, 674, 696, 719, 7Al, 
763, 801, 817, 850, 880, 986, 
1002 

Potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus 
destructor) 195, 850, 865 

Potato stem borer (Hydroecia 
micacea) 972 

Potato tuber weevil (Premnotrypes 
vorax) 329 

Potato tuberworm (Gnorimoschema 
operculella) 77, 97, 154, 156, 
170, 245, 307, 310, 453, 611, 
783, 947 

Poultry lice 


660, 948 
Poultry mites 
467, 948 


Powder-post beetles 
119, 147, 198, 227, 468, 469, 
637, 1001 

Privet mite (Brevipalpus obovatus) 
821 

Psocids 
21, 223 

Pumpkin caterpillar (Diaphania 
indica) 841 

Purple-backed cabbageworm 
(Evergestis pallidata) 60 

Purple scale (Lepidosaphes beckii) 
53, 134, 139, 171, 258, 296, 310, 
311, 329, 342, 386, 467, 538, 
585, 632, 741, 799, 892, 929, 
955, 994 

Puss caterpillar (Megalo e 
opercularis) 179, 244, 799, 855, 


931, 955 
Putnam scale (Aspidiotus ancylus) 
aie ast) 


R 


Rapid plant bug (Adelphocoris 
rapidus) 111, 158, 286, 406, 447, 
507, 534, 558, 567, 692, 700, 
759, 773, 847, 1013, 1025 

Raspberry cane borer (Oberea 
bimaculata) 99, 117, 241 

Raspberry cane maggot (Pegomya 
rubivora) 79, 81, 266, 485 

Raspberry moth (Incurvaria rubiella) 
355 

Raspberry root borer (Bembecia 
marginata) 24, 280, 946 

Raspberry sawfly (Monophadnoides 

eniculatus) 117 

Red-admiral (Vanessa atalanta) 
198 

Red-backed cutworm (Euxoa 
ochrogaster) 247, 410, 934, 971 

Red-banded leaf roller (Argyrotaenia 
velutinana) 6, 9, 58, 60, 117, 
151, 153, 195, 200, 216, 224, 
225, 227, 321, 327, 340, 353, 
365, 384, 399, 408, 413, 449, 


10m 


465, 481, 509, 522, 584, 609, 
631, 642, 673, 694, 707, 728, 
761, 773, 782, 799, 816, 833, 
848, 986, 1013, 1027 

Red-banded thrips (Selenothrips 
rubrocinctus) 329 

Red bollworm (Diparopsis castanea) 
899 

Red cucumber beetle or red pumpkin 
beetle (see Raphidopalpa 
foveicollis) 

Red flour beetle (Tribolium 
castaneum) 8, 25, 99, 115, 135, 
136, 159, 177, 213, 236, 245, 
261, 269, 837, 1028 

Red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex 
barbatus) 237, 349 

Red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion 
lecontei) 55, 95, 119, 179, 222, 
355, 593, 638, 724, 745, 803, 
881, 895 

Red-humped caterpillar (Schizura 
concinna) 176, 304, 674, 702, 
799, 864, 879, 998 

*Red-humped oakworm (Symmerista 
albifrons) 438, 593 

Red-legged earth mite (Halotydeus 
destructor) 313 

Red-legged flea beetle (Derocrepis 
erythropus) 365 

Red-legged grasshopper (Melanoplus 
femur-rubrum) 100, 116, 194, 
199, 247, 286, 293, 403, 441, 
529, 553, 577, 601, 625, 637, 
645, 667, 687, 711, 735, 755 

Red-legged ham beetle (Necrobia 
rufipes) 520 

Red-necked cane borer (Agrilus 
ruficollis) 940, 995 

Red-necked peanutworm (Stegasta 
basqueella) 94, 173, 174, 447, 
468, 480, 508, 535, 560, 583, 
607; 651, .672)..7165, 023.) fol, 
798, 847, 863, 891 

Red-pine cone beetle (Conophthorus 
resinosae) 702 

Red pine scale (Matsucoccus 
resinosae) 436 

Red rust thrips (Palleucothrips 
musae) 329 

Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus 
valens) 77, 100, 420, 468, 931, 
1023 

Rhodes-grass scale (Antonina 
graminis) L715, 03530948963 

Rice delphacid (Sogata orizicola) 
973, 979, 1021 


Rice hispid (Dicladispa armigera) 


169, 857 
Rice stalk borer (Chilo plejadellus) 
447 


Rice stem borer (Schoenobius 
incertulas) 140 

Rice stink bug (Oebalus pugnax) 
44, 221, 233, 383, 405, 468, 
476, 628, 690, 714, 737, 757 

Rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus 


oryzophilus) 221, 629 
Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryza) 
46, 86, 94, 99, 115, 132, 135, 
153, 156, 159, 177, 220, 979, 
1028 
Rice weevils 
99, 140, 157, 201, 213, 223, 
236, 261, 467, 469 
Roaches 
83,133; 223, 467 
Rocky Mountain wood tick 
(Dermacentor andersoni) 468, 570 
Root maggots 
454, 467, 971, 972 
Rootworms 
467, 468, 469 
Rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) 
85, 105, 145, 167, 213, 236, 251, 
260, 300, 369, 461, 547, 948 
Rose chafer (Macrodactylus 
subspinosus) 150, 227, 591 O35 
1011 
*Carried in Vol. 8 as S. albicosta 


Rose leafhopper (Edwardsiana rosae) 
389, 948, 968 

Rose scale (Aulacaspis rosae) 
60 

Rose-s lugs 
227 

Rose stem girdler (Agrilus rubicola) 
698, 946 

Rose thrips 
227 

Rosy apple aphid (Anuraphis roseus) 
148, 153, 187, 224, 248, 305, - 
310, 320, 327, 340, 353, 365, 
371, 384, 408, 449, 465, 481, 
493, 509, 522, 536, 537, 561, 
584, 609, 945, 985, 1013, 1027 

Sener apple tree borer 
Saperda candida) 296 

Rusty grain beetle (Laemophloeus 
ferrugineus) 8, 1028 

Rusty tussock moth (Orygia antiqua) 
893 

Rufous scale (Selenaspidus 
articulatus) 329 


S 


Saddled prominent (Heterocampa 
guttivitta) 197, 437, 724 

Sagebrush defoliator (Aroga websteri) 
251 DOS med 

Salt-marsh caterpillar (Estigmene 
acrea) 181, 307, 311, 487, 515, 
531, 540, 555, 616, 652, 697, 
744, 764, 766, 779, 785,/835, 881, 
892, 930, 968, 1012, 1013, 1014 

Salt-marsh mosquito (Aedes 
sollicitans) 8, 46, 244, 325, 
370, 393, 416, 458, 467, 469, 
519, 548, 618, 660, 701, 747 

Sand flies 
132, 467, 680 

Sand wireworm (Horistonotus uhlerii) 
97, 284 MRS os 

San Jose scale (Aspidiotus 
perniciosus) 58, 72, 80, 84, 89, 
94, 117, 125, 141, 151, 165, 
187, 211, 227, 248, 277, 296, 
305, 311, 321, 371, 385, 399, 
409, 450, 467, 493, 561, 652, 
674, 695, 848, 945, 986 

Sap beetles 
565, 627, 647, 862 

Saratoga spittlebug (Aphrophora 
saratogensis) 57, 58, 197, 436, 
591, 679, 702, 866 

Satin moth (Stilpnotia salicis) 
488 

Sawflies 
366, 392, 415, 593, 638, 724, 
768, 786, 966 

Saw-toothed grain beetle 
(Oryzaephilus surinamensis) 8, 
25, 78, 83, 86, 90, 99, 135, 
146, 177, 198, (201), 213; (220), 
223, 236, 245, 251, 261, 269, 
467, 468, 469, 660, 805, 1001, 
1028 

Say stink bug (Chlorochroa sayi) 
23, 76, 84, 181, 209, 213, 405, 
447, 476, 502, 532, 556, 581, 
604, 616, 630, 648, 652, 657, 
671, 678, 692, 700, 727, 739, 
745, 767, 945, 946 

Scale insects 
58, 109, 155, 198, 223, 258, 
281, 324,' 341, 348, 366, 393, 
399, 435, 461, 468, 490, 518, 
547, 632, 703, 725, 768, 789, 
968 

Schoene spider mite (Tetranychus 
schoenei) 631, 718, 1013 

Scorpions 
133, 140, 701 p 

Screw-worm (Callitroga hominivorax) 
46, 69, 86, 93, 95, 99, 107, — 
109, 115, 157, 160, 172, 177, 
201, 223, 236, 244, 300, 326, 
467, 468, 469, 519, 570, 837, 
853, 867, 896, 931, 942, 956, 
968 


Scurfy scale (Chionaspis furfura) 
22, 461, 746 

Secondary screw-worm (Callitroga 
macellaria) 99, 155, 370 

Seed-corn beetle (Agonoderus 
lecontei) 112, 555 

Seed-corn maggot (Hylemya cilicrura) 
Ssles5, 0166, 075 ,.S75 194, 
202, 203, 212, 226, 227, 267, 
297, 308, 322, 339, 359, 390, 
444, 468, 469, 476, 504, 514, 
522, 893, 933, 934, 947, 971, 
972, 1010 

Senn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) 
U31) Ls4e 136s Ls? 

Sequoia pitch moth (Vespamina 
sequoiae) 894 


Shaft louse (Menopon gallinae) 
ope 


Sheep bot fly (Oestrus ovis) 
4, 86, 99, 168, 726, 1023 

Sheep ked (Me lophagus ovinus) 
4, 22, 61, 78, 86, 137, 203, 
236, 261, 282, 300, 311, 325, 
468, 469, 548, 747, 821, 853, 
896, 948 988, 1011 

Sheep scab mite (Psoroptes equi var. 
ovis) 73, 155, 168, 326, 995 

Short-nosed cattle louse 
(Haematopinus eurysternus) 86, 
109, 282 

Short-tailed cricket (Anurogryllus 
muticus) 437. 

Shot-hole borer ; (Scolytus 

losus) 84, 94, 144, 158, 

175, 306, 450, 584, 611, 632, 
761, 864, 946, 985 

Silverfish 
133, 223, 467, 469, 933 

Silver-Y moth (Autographa gamma) 
497 

Sitka-spruce beetle (Derdroctonus 
obesus) 421, 425, 881 

Six-spotted leafhopper (Macrosteles 
fascifrons) 19, 20, 21, 107, 108, 
LOO MLS) a6) ASS, A150), 
195, 202, 203, 226, 285, 398, 
407, 413, 445, 467, 468, 469, 
479, 484, 493, 504, 532, 558, 
588, 611, 650, 671, 721, 728, 
739, 742, 764, 817, 881, 947, 
972, 1007, 1014 

Six-spotted mite (Eotetranychus 
sexmaculatus) 54, 145, 296, 343, 
386, 451 

Slugs 
22, 125, 172, 213, 226, 227, 
233, 299, 541, 556, 564, 580, 
604, 676, 893, 955, 972, 999 

Smaller chestnut weevil (Curculio 
auriger) 864, 940 

Smaller European elm bark beetle 
(Scolytus multistriatus) 10, 105, 
110, 114, 149, 196, 200, 303, 
309, 392, 399, 415, 433, 459, 
467, 468, 488, 517, 547, 591, 
639, 659, 679, 703, 725, 746, 
769, 804, 931, 987 

Snails 
975,138 

Snowball aphid (Anuraphis 
viburnicola) 250, 346, 415 

Snowy tree cricket (Oecanthus 
niveus) 197, 311, 658, 678 

Sod webworms 
82, 99, 242, 268, 476, 495, 863 

Soft scale (Coccus hesperidum) 
144, 145, 281, 306 

Solitary oak leaf miner (Cameraria 
hamadryadella) 149, 244, 679, 
725 

Sorghum midge (Contarinia 
sorghicola) 44, 285, 757, 779, 
812, 830, 862, 877, 889, 953, 
963, 979 

Sorghum webworm (Celama sorghiella) 
el CK, Exiy mb kt EE Cea 
373, 468, 580, 604, 648, 689, 
713, 736, 778, 811, 830, 846, 
CYS ei, Ges. OER} 


-ll - 


South American bollworm (Sacadodes 
pyralis) 331 

Southeastern scorpion (Vejovis 
carolinus) 245 

Southern armyworm (Prodenia 
eridania) 43, 45, 171, 178, 467, 
469, 817 

Southern beet webworm (Pachyzancla 


bipunctalis) 175, 179 
Southern cabbageworm (Pieris 


protodice) 881 

Southern cattle tick (Boophilus 
microplus) 170 

Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica 
undecimpunctata howardi) 57, 59, 
94, 112, 153, 320, 359, 444, 469, 
504, 689, 756, 779 

Southern cornstalk borer (Diatraea 
crambidoides) 157, 178, 241, 555, 
580, 627, 637, 648, 830, 862, 
877 

Southern fire ant (Solenopsis 
xyloni) 701, 854 

Southern green stink bug (Nezara 
viridula) 43, 95, 97, 157, 178, 
218, 469, 484, 581, 588, 604, 
965 

Southern house mosquito (Culex 


quinquefasciatus) 618 
Southern lyctus beetle (Lyctus 


planicollis) 56, 245 

Southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus 
frontalis) 45, 55, 145, 154, 159, 
222, 244, 421, 426, 469, 517, 
546, 591, 617, 638, 658, 768, 
803, 851, 866, 882, 955, 966, 
995 

Southern pine sawyer (Monochamus 
titillator) 179, 245, 459 

Southern potato wireworm (Conoderus 
falli) 98, 279, 387, 511, 614, 
955 

Southern red mite (Oligonychus 
ilicis) 8, 400, 609, 679, 1008 

Southwestern corn borer (Zeadiatraea 
grandiosella) 3, 44, 84, 174, 
180, 200, 218, 220, 221, 284, 
285, 293, 335, 359, 476, 531, 
555, 580, 595, 604, 627, 629, 
648, 669, 689, 713, 737, 773, 
779, 796, 812, 830, 846, 861, 
877, 883, 889, 927, 979, 985 

Southwestern pine beetle 
(Dendroctonus barberi) 424, 469 

Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera 
glycines) 53, 125, 144, 170, 210, 
286, 295, 339, 448, 560, 693, 
707, 815, 848, 891, 964, 1021 

Soybean pod borer (Grapholitha 
glycinivorella) 11 

Spider mites 
7, 76, 83, 93, 95, 134, 135, 153, 
156, 157, 158, 159, 176, 181, 
187, 198, 219, 222, 223, 236, 
240, 259, 307, 308, 310, 323, 
344, 345, 362, 366, 368, 389, 
390, 458, 467, 468, 469, 487, 
516, 541, 545, 567, 568, 590, 
616, 636, 657, 678, 698, 707, 
723, 739, 745, 764, 767, 779, 
786, 803, 812, 819, 893, 945, 
956, 1028 

Spinach flea beetle (Disonycha 
xanthomelas) 696 

Spinach leaf miner (Pegomya 
hyoscyami) 7, 134, 149, 151, 
250, 398, 468, 469, 484, 513, 
564, 588, 655, 1010 

Spiny pollworm (®arias insulana) 
NS 2 LSS) Loo eat 

Spiny oakworm (Anisota stigma) 
216, 1015 

Spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola) 
159, 346, 948 

Spittlebugs 
227, 320, 338, 362, 383, 407, 
454, 465, 479, 485, 488, 506, 
541, 672 


Spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis 
maculata) 3, 15, 22, 29, 43, 53, 
59, 72, 76, 83, 84, 89, 93, 96, 
99, 104, 106, nals. Sli}. ales} 5 
134, 136, 144, 153, 157, 165, 
173, 179, 185, 190, 191, 195, 
200, 210, 217, 220, 221, 224, 
227, 234, 241, 247, 257, 276, 
280, 286, 294, 303, 310, 318, 
339, 3525, 363, 373, 383, 407; 
447, 465, 467, 479, 493, 495, 
505, 535, 559, 582, 607, 630, 
637, 650, 671, 691, 708, 715, 
728, 738, 758, 773, 780, 798, 
813, 831, 847, 862, 878, 891, 
928, 939, 944, 953, 963, 980, 
984, 993, 997, 1007, 1021, 1025 

Spotted asparagus beetle (Crioceris 
duodecimpunctata) 7, 149, 166, 
196, 267, 387, 411, 455, 512, 
720, 818, 947, 1014, 1028 

Spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica 
undecimpunctata howardi) 105, 
LOO SUL 49 MB Sam 222 aii Cosy 
343, 352, 366, 398, 484, 531, 
612, 690, 720, 738, 801, 813, 
832, 847, 863, 864, 878, 928, 
940, 941, 947, 953, 1013, 1028 

Spring cankerworm (Paleacrita 
vernata) 110, 114, 197, 341, 
393, 415, 460, 493, 568, 1015, 

Springtails 
126, 212, 368, 411 

Spruce aphid (Aphis abietina) 

82, 268, 299 
Spruce bud moth (Zeiraphera 


ratzeburgiana) 82, 419, 431 
Spruce bud scale (Physokermes 


Piceae) 658 

Spruce budworm (Choristoneura 
funi ferana) Ope lOmalG ana 2 5s 

TLS; L20, 216, 251, 392, 

a 420, 428, 429, 468, 469, 
516, 546, 617, 638, 658, 679, 
724, 745, 819, 894, 987, 1011 

Spruce needle miner (Taniva 
albolineana) 21, 24, 303, 309, 
547 

Spruce spider mite (Oligonychus 
ununguis) 26, 226, 371, 400, 420, 
428, 568, 593, 617, 895 

Square-necked grain beetle 
(Cathartus quadricollis) 159 

Squash bug (Anasa tristis) 10, 77, 
114, 149, 175, 222),°352, 587, 
655, 817, 947, 986, 1028 

Squash vine borer (Melittia 
cucurbitae) 114, 149, 158, 564, 
1014 

Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) 
(ty EDS ay ahs ail aE eel. 
458, 519, 548, 569, 660, 837, 
882, 896 

Stalk borer (Papaipema nebris) 
9, 59, 117, 148, 150, 157, 216, 
353, 468, 469, 540, 591, 593, 
604, 616, 627, 654, 657, 701, 
1013 

Stink bugs 
93, 96, 157, 180, 181, 222, 225, 
242, 308, 311, 320, 380, 486, 
493, 516, 563, 581, 587, 604, 
616, 634, 669, 745, 757, 767, 
779, 782, 786, 797, 984, 985, 
986, 1027 

Strawberry aphid (Pentatrichopus 
fragaefolii) 248, 266, 411, 818, 
835, 850, 999 

Strawberry crown miner (Aristotelia 


fragariae) 373 
Strawberry crown moth (Ramosia 


bibionipennis) 166, 279, 946, 
999) 

Strawberry leaf roller (Ancylis 
comptana fragariae) 24, 45, 117, 
196, 200, 248, 344, 367, 373, 
389, 411, 456, 513, 541, 564, 
676, 698, 801, 946, 999, 1027 

Strawberry root aphid (Aphis 
forbesi) 45 


Strawberry root weevil (Brachyrhinus 
ovatus) 322, 455, 541, 661, 681, 
2K ol 933), 7 o+ 

Strawberry spider mite (Tetranychus 
atlanticus) 153, 287, 516, 650, 
700, 1013, 1014 

Strawberry weevil (Anthonomus 
Signatus) 322, 367, 389, 455, 
1013 

Strawberry whitefly (Trialeurodes 
packardi) 148 

Straw itch mite (Pyemotes 
ventricosus) 791 

Striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma 
vittata) 109, 149, 151, 157, 
226, 343, 366, 388, 398, 411, 
452, 468, 484, 513, 541, 564, 
587, 612, 642, 675, 758, 947, 
986, 1014, 1028 

Striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta 
striolata) 388, 586, 693, 696, 
(ete 

Sugar-beet root maggot (Tetanops 
myopaeformis) 21, 202, 250, 386, 
469, 513, 563, 613, 653 

Sugar-beet wireworm (Limonius 
californicus) 166, 265, 371, 
609, 654 

Sugarcane beetle (Euetheola 
rugiceps) 44, 94, 218, 349, 359, 
373, 405, 448, 556, 580 

Sugarcane borer (Diatraea 
saccharalis) 44, 209, 318, 336, 
380, 448, 467, 476, 504, 531, 
560, 581, 604, 627, 689, 798, 
878 

Sugarcane stem borer (Argyria 
sticticraspis) 140 

Sugarcane top borer (Scirpophaga 
nivella) 140 

Sugarcane whitefly (Aleurolobus 
barodensis) 141 

Sugar-pine cone beetle 
(Conophthorus lambertianae) 428 

Sunflower moth (Homoeosoma 
electellum) 77, 85 

Superb plant bug (Adelphocoris 
superbus) 944 

Swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius) 
618 

Sweetclover aphid (Myzocallidium 
riehmi) 20, 44, 191, 247, 286, 
363, 407, 447, 479, 520, 535, 
559, 582, 691, 945, 1025 

Sweetclover weevil (Sitona 
cylindricollis) 20, 100, 108, 
UU LT) 2050 192) 222), 220,, 
247, 264, 286, 294, 303, 319, 
339, 363, 383, 406, 447, 468, 
469, 479, 506, 535, 557, 691, 
944, 1026 

Sweetpotato flea beetle (Chaetocnema 
confinis) 388, 539 

Sweetpotato leaf roller (Pilocrocis 
tripunctata) 784 

Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas 
formicarius elegantulus) 54, 178, 
211, 455, 467, 635, 707, 818, 
965 

Sycamore lace bug (Corythucha 
ciliata) 8, 679, 768 

Sycamore tussock moth (Halisidota 
harrisii) 354 


T 


Tabanids 
1555 177, 458.468), -497.,, 519., 
594, 618 


Tarnished plant bug (Lygus 
lineolaris) 44, 57, 59, 111, 
175, 191, 194, 225, 276, 286, 
294, 320, 321, 327, 338, 340, 
362;;, 365,, 367, 383), 384, 399, 
406, 413, 446, 447, 465, 469, 
507, 533, 536, 545, 558, 567, 
582, 590, 593, 606, 616, 629, 
636, 653, 670, 678, 692, 700, 
716, «7385759, (930; -939;,1011, 


5p 


1013, 1014, 1025, 1027 

Ten-lined June beetle (Polyphylla 
decemlineata) 531 

Tent caterpillars (Malacosma spp.) 
227, 569 

Termites 
615,834) 13357 140;,).1565) 1985. 227, 
223,25 LOO ost 41646 is, 
468, 469, 493, 549, 939, 943, 
948, 970, 982, 996, 1001 

Texas citrus mite (Eutetranychus 
banksi) 53, 994 i 

Texas harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex 
barbatus) 223 

Texas leaf-cutting ant (Atta texana) 
106, 222, 223, 436 

Three-cornered alfalfa hopper 
(Spissistilus festinus) 44, 84, 
L5OSFeLS Ms wZLO melee 2345 276, 
286, 295, 320, 339, 447, 457, 
467, 506, 536, 582, 607, 630, 
650, 672, 692, 716, 739, 759, 
773, 781, 798, 814, 832, 847, 
863, 878, 891, 928, 940, 980, 


Three-lined potato beetle (Lema 
trilineata) 149, 611 

Thrips 
98); 135, 153/156; 1595 176; 
192, 197, 198, 222, 286, 295, 
311, 344, 345, 363, 367, 368, 
371, 383, 388, 390, 407, 411, 
413, 455, 457, 480, 486, 493, 
508, 512, 516, 535, 541, 543, 
567 uDSan 9d, 8607), 261 2), G16, 
628, 637, 651, 658, 672, 678, 
693), 759), 781, 9337942 


133, 137, 394, 416, 459, 467, 
519, 726, 770, 948 

Tip-dwarf mite (Eriophyes thujae) 
226 

Tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) 
93, 97, 178, 242, 243, 373, 389, 
411, 456, 467, 468, 485, 513, 
542, 589, 614, 656, 742 

Tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix 
hirtipennis) 72, 97, 154, 167, 
188, 212, 242, 298, 323, 344, 
353, 368, 373, 411, 454, 485, 
514, 542, 614, 635, 654, 656, 
721, 728, 742, 765, 802 

Tobacco hornworm (Protoparce sexta) 
154, 195, 353, 456, 469, 728, 
743, 1012 

Tobacco moth (Ephestia elutella) 
119); 135, (956 

Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) 
45, 158, 513,°607,;, 675 

Tobacco wireworm (Conoderus 
vespertinus) 97 

Tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea) 
60, 77, 85, 95, 114, 158, 203, 
225, 242, 259, 297, 352, 366, 
387, 411, 454, 483, 511, 539, 
562, 612, 633, 654, 696, 762, 
817, 834, 850, 880, 929, 946, 
986, 1028 

Tomato hornworm (Protoparce 
quinquemaculata) 59, 85, 95, 148, 
154, 195, 203, 250, 353, 366, 
387, 454, 536, 661, 893, 986 

Tomato pinworm (Keiferia 
lycopersicella) 72, 222, 307, 
311, 483, 696, 834 

Tomato psyllid (Paratrioza 
cockerelli) 109, 167, 203, 297 

Tomato russet mite (Vasates 
lycopersici) 7, 59, 166, 175, 
307, 674, 945 

Toothed flea beetle (Chaetoenema 
denticulata) 335, 388, 530, 661 

Treehoppers 
166, 490, 985 

Tropical rat mite (Ornithonyssus 
bacoti) 72, 90, 105, 1023 

Tuber flea beetle (Epitrix tuberis) 
114, 468, 654, 762, 783 

Tulip bulb aphid (Anuraphis tulipae) 
167, 394 

Tuliptree aphid (Macrosiphum 
liriodendri) 1015 


Tuliptree scale (Toumeyella 
liriodendri) 8 

Turnip aphid (Rhopalosiphum 
pseudobrassicae) 158, 366, 540, 
880, 965 

Turnip flea beetle (Phyllotreta 
nemorum) 597 

Turnip maggot (Hylemya floralis) 
933, 934 

Turpentine beetles 
89, 260, 768 

Twig pruner (Elaphidion villosum) 
638 

Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus 
telarius) 7, 9, 58, 80, 81, 85, 
100, 113, 117, 144, 151, 154, 
197., 202, 203); (212s 12716em2248 
225, 226, 227, 242, 244, 247, 
248, 250, 264, 266, 267, 295, 
305, 307, 308, 309, 310, 329, 
343, 352, 353, 371, 389, 398, 
399, 411, 461, 467, 468, 469, 
485, 490, 493, 507, 509, 516, 
535, 565, 584, 609, 613, 618, 
631, 642, 654, 659, 673, 675, 
679), 718; \7195. 723. 7285, 739% 
740, 741, 757, 761, 764, 767, 
773, 784, 819, 893, 933, 947, 
998, 999, 1000, 1008, 1010, 
1027 

Two-stripped grasshopper 
(Melanoplus bivittatus) 112, 116, 
1945199524758 2655RS ies oon 
379, 403, 441, 501, 529, 536, 
553, 577, 601, 625, 637, 667, 
CEYAR ALS releys (tats) 


U 


Ugly-nest caterpillar (Archips 
cerasivorana) 451, 547, 769 

Unicorn caterpillar (Schizura 
unicornis) 179, 740 

Unspotted tentiform leaf miner 
(Callisto geminatella) 6, 153, 
200, 322, 340, 353, 385, 481, 
537, 864, 1013 


V 


Variable oak leaf caterpillar 
(Heterocampa manteo) 155, 437, 
724, 1015 

Varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus 
verbasci) 83, 283, 463 

Variegated cutworm (Peridroma 
mMargaritosa) 22, 44, 84, 108, 
LOS; wLLOFSL734 1742s be 
303, 322, 380, 405, 448, 455, 
468, 479, 490, 493, 506, 535, 
540, 559, 588, 605, 608, 634, 
649))5693)) 697. OV Sts a oOmmassi 
879); :945, 971',. 9855, 99358997, 
1001 

Vedalia (Rodolia cardinalis) 

13475 1136: 

Vegetable weevil (Listroderes 
costirostris obliquus) 45, 72, 
95, 97, 105, 126, 154, 167, 188, 
212, 235, 243, 259, 260, 279, 
280, 295, 308, 323, 343, 366, 
388, 389, 411, 454, 456, 469, 
485, 565, 965 

Velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia 
gemmatalis), 44, 93, 96, 99, 152, 
157, 241, 468, 650, 693, 714, 
737, 757, 780, 797, 846, 878, 
1012 

Vetch bruchid (Bruchus brachialis) 
220, 223, 363, 380, 407, 448, 
479, 508, 583 

Vinegar flies 
838, 855, 933 

Vine moth (Lobesia botrana) 

TSS SE TS8R e139 

Violet leaf midge (Dasyneura 

affinis) 959 


Virginia-creeper leafhopper 
(Erythroneura ziczac) 78, 789 


W 


Walkingstick (Diapheromera 
femorata) 119, 197, 679, 853 

Walnut aphid (Chromaphis 
juglandicola) 268, 304, 310, 
384, 584, 610, 653 

Walnut caterpillar (Datana 
integerrima) 45, 94, 109, 114, 
175, 178, 193, 197, 400, 510, 
538, 585, 610, 632, 674, 703, 
786, 799, 819, 833, 864, 879, 
940, 1015, 1028 

Walnut huskfly (Rhagoletis completa) 
304, 653, 782, 799, 816, 832, 
848, 880, 892, 929, 946, 954, 
999, 1007 

Walnut scale (Aspidiotus 
juglans-regiae) 167, 306, 746, 
1008 

Wasps 
469, 934 

Waterlily aphid (Rhopalosiphum 
nymphaeae) 408 

Watermelon stem borer (Apomecyna 
arabica) 137 

Webbing clothes moth 

. 467, 469 

Webworms 
98, 226, 380, 458, 468, 508, 
628, 650, 758, 773, 797, 812, 
877, 1015 

Western balsam bark beetle 
(Dryocoetes confusus) 425 

Western bean cutworm (Loxagrotis 
albicosta) 114, 202, 250 

Western black flea beetle 
(Phyllotreta pusilla) 250, 379, 
410, 586 

Western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis 
cingulata indifferens) 80, 248, 
265, 409, 450, 468, 482, 538, 
632, 673, 694, 999 

Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica 
virgifera) 112, 202, 689, 756 

Western grape leaf skeletonizer 
(Harrisina brillians) 84, 799, 
946 

Western harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex 
occidentalis) 76, 480, 630, 717, 
759, 945, 985 

Western peach tree borer 
(Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi) 
277, 306, 310, 610, 652, 945 

Western pine beetle (Dendroctonus 
brevicomis) 5, 26, 77, 82, 268, 
419, 420, 423, 592, 658, 995 

Western potato flea beetle 
(Epitrix subcrinita) 250, 586, 
742 

Western spotted cucumber beetle 
(Diabrotica undecimpunctata) 81, 
257, 308, 311, 637, 672, 691, 
1000 

Western striped cucumber beetle 
(Acalymma trivittata) 675, 1000 

Western tent caterpillar 
(Malacosoma pluviale) 268, 299, 
346, 1000 

Western tussock moth (Hemerocampa 
vetusta) 260 

Western yellow-striped armyworm 
(Prodenia praefica) 303, 310, 
630, 944, 947 

Wharf borer (Nacerdes melanura) 
150 

Wheat curl mite (Aceria tulipae) 
22, 113, 275, 812, 863, 1001 

Wheat head armyworm (Faronta 
diffusa) 23, 264, 608, 629, 985 

Wheat jointworm (Harmolita tritici) 
227, 757, 1027 

Wheat midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana) 
20, 737 

Wheat stem maggot (Meromyza 
americana) 286 


= alk} 


Wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus) 
20, 557, 605, 690 rah 
White apple leafhopper (Typhlocyba 
pomaria) 584 

Whiteflies 
135, 136, 157, 159, 176, 198, 
222, 282, 308, 311, 387, 454, 
STS; POS AZO 45, «ol, 09), 
786, 818, 819, 851, 941, 968 

White grubs 
158, 215, 227, 336, 468, 469, 
863, 865, 927, 940, 948, 985, 
994 

White-lined sphinx (Celerio lineata) 
76, 86, 370, 371, 393, 462, 493, 
564, 655, 769 

White-marked tussock moth 
(Hemerocampa leucostigma) 109, 
545, 820, 835, 1015 

White peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis 
pentagona) 954, 964 

White-pine aphid (Cinara strobi) 
60, 244, 392 

White-pine sawfly (Neodiprion 
Pinetum) 193, 244, 434, 955 

White-pine weevil (Pissodes strobi) 
58, 60, 150, 155, 196, 244, 346, 
393, 421, 427, 459, 468, 618, 
639, 724, 745, 803, 871, 894, 
1011 

Willow sawfly (Nematus ventralis) 
568, 1012, 1015 

Winter grain mite (Penthaleus major) 
15, 174, 185, 200, 209, 221, 233, 
262, 276, 285, 293, 318, 939, 
979, 993 

Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) 
972 

Winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) 
168, 968 aaa 

Wireworms 
DOA T Tey Tel ZO MeL 92 1940 
227, 242, 247, 265, 285, 308, 
311, 320, 336, 367, 383, 405, 
412, 444, 467, 468, 469, 476, 
486, 504, 514, 531, 541, 589, 
593, 604, 878, 927, 933, 934, 
971 

Wood borers 
156, 223, 467 

Woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma 
lanigerum) 29, 84, 125, 137, 138, 
141, 153, 158, 224, 265, 296, 
305, 310, 329, 340, 365, 384, 
449, 493, 509, 537, 945, 954, 
986, 999, 1013 

Woolly elm aphid (Eriosoma 
americanum) 109 


Mf 


Yellow clover aphid (Therioaphis 
trifolii) 286, 339, 363, 406, 
508, 708, 758, 1025 

Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) 
73, 170 

Yellow-headed spruce sawfly 
(Pikonema alaskensis) 119, 1011 

Yellow-margined leaf beetle 
(Microtheca ochroloma) 45, 105, 
158 

Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) 
25, 78, 146, 159, 168, 213, 261, 
854, 1028 

Yellow-necked caterpillar (Datana 
ministra) 193, 306, 354, 658, 
695, 703, 724, 740, 768, 786, 
855, 1015, 1028 

Yellow scale (Aonidiella citrina) 
29); 89); (13689 N0386)5963279)/740), 
964, 1021 

Yellow-striped armyworm (Prodenia 
ornithogalli) 97, 111, 157, 158, 
363, 476, 580, 607, 650, 714, 
737, 741, 764, 796, 1014, 1026 

Yellow sugarcane aphid (Sipha flava) 
171, 339, 381, 480 

Yew scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) 
134 


Z 


Zimmerman pine moth (Dioryctria 
zimmermani) 58, 354, 435, 639, 
703 


Acalymma spp. (cucumber beetles) 
388 


Acalymma trivittata (western striped 
cucumber beetle) 675, 1000. 

Acalymma vittata (striped cucumber 
beetle) 109, 149, 151, 226, 343, 
366, 388, 398, 411, 452, 484, 
513, 541, 564, 587, 612, 675, 
758, 947, 986, 1014, 1028 

Acarus siro (grain mite) 
56, 86, 1001 

Aceratagallia sp. 
814 

Aceratagallia sanguinolenta (clover 
leafhopper) 23, 111, 234, 320, 
361, 445, 533, 716, 739, 781, 
814, 1013 

Aceratagallia uhleri 
175 

Aceria sp. (a mite) 
725 

Aceria ajugae 

= RIA en 

Aceria litchii 
170 

Aceria paradianthi 
309, 987 

Aceria tulipae (wheat curl mite) 

i 22-e11350275,, 812, 863,; LOOL 

Acheta assimilis (a field cricket) 
308, 748, 791 

Acheta domestica (house cricket) 
141 

Achorutes armatus (a springtail) 
31, 368, 832 

Acidia heraclei (celery fly) 
375, 376, 824 

Acleris lipsiana (a tortricid) 
538 

Acleris variana (black-headed 
budworm) 25, 250, 268, 419, 


420, 430 
Acontia dacia (brown cotton leafworm) 
413, 457 


Acrobasis caryae (pecan nut 
casebearer) 94, 171, 175, 187, 
221, 235, 277, 341, 386, 451, 
510, 538, 561, 585, 611, 782 

Acrobasis indigenella (leaf crumpler) 
296 

Acrobasis juglandis (pecan leaf 
casebearer) 366, 409, 451 

Acrobasis vaccinii (cranberry 
fruitworm) 196 

Acrolophus sp. (a burrowing webworm) 
85, 193, 244, 717 

Acrosternum hilare (green stink bug) 
225, 320; 365, 532, 713, 723; 
930 

Actebia fennica (black army cutworm) 
934, 1010 

Adelphocoris spp. 
117, 362, 671 

Adelphocoris lineolatus (alfalfa 
plant bug) 108, 111, 191, 194, 
286, 320, 352, 397, 406, 447, 
478, 507, 534, 535, 558, 605, 
671, 692, 716, 738, 759, 814, 
832, 1013, 1025 

Adelphocoris rapidus (rapid plant 
bug) 111, 158, 286, 352, 397, 
406, 447, 478, 507, 934, 558, 
567, 671, 692, 700, 759, 814, 
832, 834, 847, 891, 953, 1013, 
1025 

Adelphocoris superbus (superb plant 
bug) 944 

Aedes spp. 
46, 78, 109, 393, 458, 491, 
519, 594, 618, 640, 660, 700, 
126,062, 933 

Aedes abseratus 
522, 569 

Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) 
72m 0 


i] A at 


SCIENTIFIC NAMES 


Aedes canadensis 
150, 325, 393, 491, 569 
Aedes cantator (brown salt-marsh 
mosquito) 150, 325, 458, 522 
Aedes cinereus 
198 
Aedes dorsalis 
115, 280, 325, 417, 458, 491, 
519, 548 


Aedes dupreei 
931 


Aedes excrucians 
393, 458, 569 
Aedes fitchii 
458, 569 
Aedes flavescens 
458 


Aedes implicatus 
416 


Aedes nigromaculis 
S25, DLOsNG1s), .7015 726, 740, 
837 


Aedes punctor 
393 


Aedes sollicitans (salt-marsh 
mosquito) 8, 46, 244, 325, 
370, 393, 416, 458, 491, 519, 
548, 618, 660, 701, 747, 821, 
853, 896, 931, 968, 1015 

Aedes spenceri 
21, 458 

Aedes sticticus (floodwater 
mosquito) 393, 680 

Aedes stimulans 

198, 393, 491 

Aedes trivittatus 
680 

Aedes vexans 
Ser2h;7 115, 1195) 197 274, 
458, 491, 548, 569, 618, 640, 
660, 701, 726, 747, 931, 1015 


Aegeria apiformis (hornet moth) 
85 


Aelia rostrata (a pentatomid) 
136 
Aeoloplides turnbulli (a grasshopper) 
S59 SIO Dos wots MOO Lye iad 
Aeolothrips fasciatus (a thrips) 
486 


Agapostemon cockerelli (a mining 
bee) 269 


Ageneotettix deorum 
195 LL LOO S667 007, 


Aglenus brunneus (a colydiid) 
168 

Agonoderus lecontei (seed-corn 
beetle) 112, 555, 603 

Agonoscena targioni (pistachio 
psyllid) 135 

Agrilus hyperici (a buprestid) 
269 


Agrilus politus politus (a twig 
girdler) 260 


Agrilus rubicola (rose stem girdler) 
698, 946 

Agrilus ruficollis (red-necked 
cane borer) 940, 995 

Agriolimax agrestis (a slug) 
541 

Agroiconota bivittata (a tortoise 
beetle) 158 


Agromyza spp. 
308 


Agromyza parvicornis (corn blotch 
leaf miner) 241, 556 


Agrotis sp. 
337 


Agrotis gladiaria (a cutworm) 
284, 361 


Agrotis orthogonia (pale western 
cutworm) 23, 107, 113, 165, 
200, 201, 202, 293, 318, 337, 
361, 506, 971, 985 


Agrotis ypsilon (black cutworm) 
Ae Ling45n 56) 72)07o ee eelOGe 
112, 128, 138, 146, 169, 175, 
190, 192, 215, 216, 221, 238, 
262, 283, 284, 287, 302, 307, 
328, 350, 372; 387, 395; 396), 
397, 398, 399, 417, 418, 455, 
464, 465, 494, 495, 506, 515, 
521, 530, 542, 543, 550, 556, 
563, 571, 576, 578, 588, 596, 
605, 620, 634, 640, 641, 649, 
662, 682, 683, 706, 707, 729, 
730, 749, 772, 792, 800, 806, 
825, 838, 839, 856, 869, 880, 
884, 898, 943, 957, 970, 971, 
983, 996, 997, 999, 1009, 
1013, 1014, 1024, 1026 

Ahasverus advena (a grain beetle) 
837, 882, 982, 1028 

Alabama argillacea (cotton leafworm) 
45, 85, 95, 98, 175, 181, 218, 
222, 243, 287, 373, 543, 636, 
657, 677, 744, 766, 803, 869, 
881, 884, 893, 898, 930, 943, 
957, 970, 987 


Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus 
pblackfly) 54, 135, 142, 145, 
210, 329, 342, 451, 562, 695, 
762, 849, 892, 964 

Aleurochiton forbesii (a whitefly) 

1012, 1015 

Aleurolobus barodensis (sugarcane 
whitefly) 141 

Aleyrodes spiraeoides (a whitefly) 
2355) (63,0S0u 

Allantus cinctus (curled rose sawfly) 
972 

Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser 
mealworm) 681, 805, 837 

Alphitophagus bifasciatus 
(a tenebrionid) 394 

Alsophila pometaria (fall cankerworm) 
7, 10, 60, 197, 415, 437, 488, 
517, 955 

Altica sp. (a chrysomelid) 
250, 324, 631 

Altica ambiens (alder flea beetle) 

725, 866, 895 
Altica chalybea (grape flea beetle) 
~ 158, 482, 632 
Alurnus humeralis (a chrysomelid) 


329 

Alypiodes geronimo (a noctuid) 
943 

Amathes c-nigrum (spotted cutworm) 
397 


Amblyomma americanum (lone star 
tick) 177, 594 

Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast 
tick) P79) 

Amitus hesperidum (a parasite) 
329 

Amorbia essigana (a tortricid) 
12 


Amorphoidea arcuata 
975 


Amorphoidea lata (Philippine cotton 
boll weevil) 975 

Amorphoidea pectoralis 
975 


Amorphoidea rufa 
975 


Amphicerus cornutus (a bostrichid) 
618 

Amphimallon majalis (European 
Chafer) 53, 583, 714, 760, 847, 
890 

Amphitornus coloradus (a grasshopper) 
1968359 


Amphorophora rubi (an aphid) 
» 635 


Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket) 
22),. 76,80), 233, 335, 359), 
379, 442, 473, 501, 529, 577, 
602, 625, 645, 688, 735, 845, 
944, 979, 997, 1001 

Anacamptodes fragilaria (a looper) 
1007 

Anacentrinus deplanatus (a weevil) 
175, 627, 671, 784 

Anagasta kuhniella (Mediterranean 
flour moth) 25, 135, 146, 179 

Anagrapha falcifera (celery looper) 
266, 1014 

Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer) 
80, 134, 138, 139, 203, 221, 
235, 248, 265, 296, 304, 341, 
385, 482, 509, 610, 652, 695, 
718, 761, 848, 945, 986, 998 

Anasa tristis (squash bug) 
10; 77, 114, 149, 175, 352, 
587, 655, 817, 947, 986, 1028 

Anastrepha fraterculus 
329 

Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit 
fly) oteml4o, 210) 321513417, 
451, 562, 585, 695, 762, 892 
1022 

Ancylis comptana fragariae 
strawberry leaf roller) 24, 
45, 117, 196, 200, 248, 344, 
367, 389, 411, 456, 513, 541, 
564, 676, 698, 801, 946, 999, 
1027 

Anisota rubicunda (green-striped 
mapleworm) 114, 200, 545, 1015 

Anisota senatoria (orange-striped 
oakworm) 149, 745, 804, 819, 
835, 866, 893, 966 

Anisota stigma (spiny oakworm) 


216, 1015 
Anomala oblivia (pine chafer) 
58 
Anomis sabulifera (jute semi—looper) 
141 
Anopheles spp. (mosquitoes) 
198, 701 
Anopheles algeriensis 
140 


Anopheles freeborni 
105, 146, 214, 837, 853 

Anopheles multicolor 
140 

Anopheles guadrimaculatus (common 
malaria mosquito) 245, 1015 

Anopheles tenebrosus 
140 

Anoplonyx laricivorus (western larch 
sawfly) 25, 434 

Anoplonyx occidens (two-lined larch 
Sawfly) 25, 420, 434 

Anthaxia aenogaster (a flatheaded 
borer) 895 

Anthenacea polyphemus (polyphemus 
moth) 833 

Anthocoris spp. (anthocorid bugs) 
282 

Anthonomus eugenii (pepper weevil) 
7, 308, 588, 655, 697, 763, 
784, 865, 881, 994 

Anthonomus grandis (boll weevil) 
45, 77, 89, 95, 98, 156, 158, 
176, 178, 218, 222, 243, 287, 
323, 345, 368, 373, 390, 412, 
456, 486, 514, 542, 565, 589, 
614, 635, 656, 676, 698, 721, 
722, 743, 765, 784, 802, 818, 
835, 865, 930, 975 

Anthonomus signatus (strawberry 
weevil) 322, 367, 389, 455, 
1013 

Anthonomus vestitus (a bud weevil) 
330 

Anthophila pariana (apple and thorn 
skeletonizer) 80, 265, 268, 
609, 674 

Anthrenus spp. 
83, 269 

Anthrenus museorum 
982 

Anthrenus scrophulariae (carpet 
beetle) 1024 


= 15) = 


Anthrenus verbasci (varied carpet 
beetle) 82, 189, 283, 463, 982 

Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean 
caterpillar) 44, 93, 95, 99, 
152, 157, 241, 650, 693, 714, 
737, 757, 780, 797, 846, 869, 
878, 884, 1012 


Antonina graminis (Rhodes~grass 
sca 5 L715 303;, 309); 963 
Anuraphis spp. 
138, 141 
Anuraphis apiifoliae 
308 


Anuraphis bakeri (clover aphid) 
79, 246, 264, 286, 303, 504, 
533, 558, 649, 670, 691 

Anuraphis helichrysi 
235, 945, 986 : 

Anuraphis maidi-radicis (corn root 
aphid) 194, 504, 530, 580 

Anuraphis menthae-radicis 
267 

Anuraphis persicae-niger (black 
peach aphid) 210, 305, 340, 
954 

Anuraphis roseus (rosy apple aphid) 
148, 153, 187, 224, 305, 320, 
340, 353, 365, 384, 408, 449, 
481, 509, 537, 561, 584, 609, 
864, 945, 985, 1013, 1027 

Anuraphis tulipae (tulip bulb aphid) 
167, 251, 394 ¢ 

Anuraphis viburnicola (snowball 
aphid) 250, 346, 415, 547 


Anuro llus muticus (short-tailed 
ericket) 437 


Aonidiella aurantii (California 
red scale) 104, 138, 142, 296, 
306, 562, 653, 674, 762, 879, 
940, 964, 1007 

Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale) 
29, 89, 90, 136, 189, 386, 
632, 740, 964, 1021 

Aonidiella orientalis (oriental 
yellow scale) 135, 136 

Aonidiella taxus (an Asiatic red 
scale) 30, 170 

Apanteles spp. 
43, 46, 285, 790 


Apanteles congregatus (a parasite) 
99 


Apanteles militaris 
46, 156, 648 

Apantesis sp. (an arctiid) 
972 

Aphelinus lapisligni (a parasite) 
269 

Aphelinus semiflavus 
310 

Aphidius testaceipes (a parasite) 
237, 854, 988 

Aphidoletes thompsoni (a predator) 
269, 429 

Aphis sp. 
141, 142, 381 

Aphis abbreviata (buckthorn aphid) 
10, 453, 585, 611, 635, 653, 
696, 742, 849, 1010 

Aphis abietina (spruce aphid) 
82, 268, 299 

Aphis fabae (bean aphid) 
140, 266, 279, 453, 637, 675, 
697, ote BED 999 

Aphis forbesi (strawberry root 
aphid) 45 

Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid, melon 
aphid) 45, 77, 95, 114, 132, 
141e VSS ano, C75 se 76, 
218, 222, 243, 279, 287, 305, 
308, 345, 368, 390, 412, 454, 
457, 486, 487, 513, 514, 543, 
567, 589, 615, 655, 657, 675, 
677, 697, 699, 722, 723, 744, 
766, 782, 786, 802, 819, 835, 
851, 854, 864, 865, 881, 893, 
930, 947, 987, 1028 

Aphis illinoisensis (grapevine 
aphid) 158 

Aphis medicaginis (cowpea aphid) 
85, 125, 140, 337, 361, 390, 
412, 457, 699, 987, 993 


Aphis nerii 
30 

Aphis pomi (apple aphid) 
24, 60, 80, 138, 144, 153, 158, 
187, 195, 224, 234, 248, 265, 
296, 305, 320, 340, 352, 365, 
384, 408, 509, 537, 561, 584, 
609, 631, 652, 673, 694, 945, 
964, 998, 1010, 1013, 1027 

Aphis spiraecola (spirea aphid) 
159, 346, 948 ‘ 

Aphodius hamatus garmani (a white 
grub) 77 

Aphrophora sp. 
488 

Aphrophora parallela (pine 
spittlebug) 58, 60, 461, 488, 
517, 545, 617 . 

Aphrophora saratogensis (Saratoga 
spittlebug) 57, 58, 197, 436, 
488, 591, 679, 702, 866 


Aphytis sp. 
135, 136 
Aphytis chrysomphali (a parasite) 
310 
Aphytis lepidosaphes 
310 
Aphytis lingnanensis 
310 


Apion proclive (a weevil) 
671 


Apion ulicis (a gorse weevil) 
82, 822, 1000 

Apis mellifera (honey bee) 
23, 82, 177, 189, 198, 245, 
261, 269, 301, 349, 416, 463, 
492, 548, are 619, 660 

Apomecyna arabica (watermelon stem 
borer) 137 

Apterona crenulella (a psychid) 

ae 607, 739, 948 

Archips argyrospila (fruit tree leaf 
roller) 84, 117, 195, 197, 248, 
365, 399, 409, 449, 584, 694, 
740, 782, 986 

Archips cerasivorana (ugly-nest 
caterpillar) 451, 547, 769 

Archips conflictana (large aspen 
tortrix) 617, 987 

Archips ne dana (a boxelder leaf 
roller) 947 

Archips obsoletana 
389 

Archips rosaceana (oblique-banded 
leaf roller) 81, 456, 481, 592, 
ERY * 

Archips rosana 
81, 258, 409, 999 


Argas persicus (fowl tick) 
127,° 189 


Arge scapularis (a sawfly) 
197 


Argyria sticticraspis (sugarcane 
stem borer) 140 

Argyrotaenia citrana (orange tortrix) 
72, 126, 268, 369, 584, 610, 
720, 804, 999 

Argyrotaenia velutinana (red-banded 
leaf roller) 6, 9, 58, 60, 117, 
151, 153, 195, 200, 216, 224, 
321, 340, 353, 365, 384, 399, 
408, 449, 481, 509, 584, 609, 
631, 673, 694, 761, 782, 799, 
816, 833, 848, 864, 986, 1013, 
1027 

Argyrotoxa spp. (tortricids) 
617 


Argyrotoxa albicomana 


617 
Argyrotoxa semipurpurana 
617 


Arhyssus sp. (a grass bug) 
83 


Arhyssus barberi 
260 


Arilus cristatus (wheel bug) 
942 

Arion ater (a slug) 
299, 541 


Aristotelia fragariae (strawberry 
crown miner) 373 


Aroga websteri (sagebrush defoliator) 
25 DOS nd a 
Arrhenodes minutus (oak timberworm) 


852 

Asemoplus montanus (a grasshopper) 
247 

Asiphonella dactylonii (an aphid) 
83, 85 

Aspidiotus ancylus (Putnam scale) 
16, 399 


Aspidiotus californicus (black pine 
leaf scale) 250, 268 

Aspidiotus camelliae (greedy scale) 
260, 277, 746, 820, 995 

Aspidiotus comstocki 
569 

Aspidiotus forbesi (Forbes scale) 
258, 385 

Aspidiotus hederae (oleander scale) 
145, 213, 305, 348 

Aspidiotus hedericola (an armored 
scale) 138 

Aspidiotus juglans-regiae (walnut 
scale) 167, 306, 746, 804, 1008 

Aspidiotus lataniae 

Sa CUS aie S 


Aspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose 
scale) 58, 72, 80, 84, 89, 94, 
ably és vale bys alah alow Bee fre eatk by 
258, 277, 296,305, 321, 385, 
399, 409, 450, 561, 652, 674, 
695, 836, 848, 867, 896, 945, 
986 


Aspidiotus pseudospinosus 
942 


Aspidiotus ulmi 
399 

Asterocampa celtis (a nymphalid) 
490, 820 

Asterolecanium bambusae 
982 

Asterolecanium minus (a pit-making 
scale) 58, 82 

Asterolecanium puteanum 
547 

Asterolecanium variolosum (golden 
oak scale) 547 

Atta texana (Texas leaf-cutting ant) 
106, 222, 223, 436 

Attagenus spp. 
83, 115, 252 

Attagenus piceus (black carpet 
beetle) 8, 82, 150, 189, 226, 
269, 570, 748 

Aulacophora foveicollis 
see Raphidopalpa foveicollis 

Aulocara spp. 
979 

Aulocara elliotti (a grasshopper) 
112, 173, 199, 265, 335, 359, 
553, 577,601, 711, 777, 944 

Autographa sp. 
81, 82 


Autographa californica (alfalfa 
looper) 72, 81, 166, 202, 203, 
234, 235, 246, 266, 307, 344, 
387, 411, 444, 505, 532, 541, 
581, 588, 613, 635, 648, 812, 
846, 849, 945, 985 


Autographa gamma (silver-Y moth) 
497, 


Autoserica castanea (Asiatic garden 
beetle) 61, 150, 639, 654, 727 


B 


Barbara spp. 
428 

Barbara colfaxiana (a Douglas-fir 
cone moth) 460, 866 

Bathyplectes curculionis (a 
parasite) 202, 203, 394, 462, 
520, 549 

Batocera sp. (a mango stem borer) 
141 

Batocera rufomaculata (fig borer) 
141 

Bembecia marginata (raspberry root 
borer) 24, 280, 946 


=116)— 


Bemisia spp. (whiteflies) 
137 
Bemisia tabaci (cotton whitefly) 
141 
Bibio sp. (a March fly) 
301 
Bipalium sp. (a greenhouse flatworm) 
24 


Blapstinus spp. (tenebrionids) 
180, 181, 455 

Blatta orientalis (oriental 
cockroach) 86, 327, 492, 520, 
942 

Blattella germanica (German 
cockroach) 8, 72, 86, 105, 
138, 146, 160, 354, 436, 594, 
933) 

Blissus spp. (chinch bugs) 

Tina Gekie Gales We 

Blissus leucopterus (chinch bug) 
3 LDPE eOR MOS Ody utes 04s 
104. 212, 12539174, 192; 199), 
218, 352, 380, 443, 502, 529, 
554, 579, 603, 648, 669, 690, 
713, 756, 781, 796, 812, 830, 
862, 889, 963, 1021, 1026 


Blissus leucopterus hirtus (hairy 
chinch bug) 8, 400 


Blissus leucopterus insularis (a 
chinch bug) 94, 160, 170, 178, 
285, 336, 360, 404, 475, 554, 
583, 627, 671, 693, 798, 814, 


847 

Bombus spp. (bumble bees) 

Ta WR! 

Boophilus sp. (a cattle tick) 
132 

Boophilus microplus (southern cattle 
tick) 170 


Bourletiella hortensis (garden 
Springtail) 368 

Bovicola bovis (cattle biting louse) 
61, 86, 109, 115, 160, 168, 
348 

Bovicola equi (horse biting louse) 
61 

Brachycolus tritici (a wheat aphid) 
23 

Brachymyrmex heeri obscurior (an ant) 
727 

Brachyrhinus sp. (a weevil) 
266, 311 

Brachyrhinus ligustici (alfalfa 
snout beetle) 397 

Brachyrhinus meridionalis 
1008 

Brachyrhinus ovatus (strawberry 
Toot weevil) 322, 386, 455, 
541, 661, 681, 727, 791, 934, 
946 

Brachyrhinus rugosostriatus (a 
Strawberry weevil) 344, 698, 
855, 946 

Brachyrhinus sulcatus (black vine 
weevil) 8, 81, 105, 150, 248, 
386, 897, 946 

Brachytrupes megacephalus (a mole 
cricket) 140 

Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage 
aphid) 7, 10, 72, 95, 98, 
126, 134, 151, 166, 187, 202, 
211, 242, 249, 258, 267, 279, 
297, 308, 322, 343, 366, 387, 
398, 410, 563, 611, 655, 697, 
720, 741, 783, 817, 833, 933, 
941, 965, 986, 1000, 1014 

Brevipalpus cardinalis (a false 
spider mite) 324 

Brevipalpus lewisi 
849 

Brevipalpus obovatus (privet mite) 
821 

Bruchophagus gibbus (clover seed 
cChalcid) 44, 111, 125, 180, 
246, 264, 477, 505, 533, 559, 
649, 739, 759, 945, 980 

Bruchus brachialis (vetch bruchid) 
220, 223, 363, 380, 407, 448, 
479, 508, 583 

Bruchus pisorum (pea weevil) 
203, 266, 452, 484, 512, 540, 
855, 947 


Bryobia sp. (a mite) 
321 

Bryobia praetiosa (clover mite) 
Sy) 25, 0S2s061 5073), 83,0486), 
104, 114, 128, 147, 150, 165, 
168, 203, 214, 226, 234, 237, 
248, 250, 295, 305, 307, 321, 
327, 340, 365, 370, 384, 394, 
409, 450, 492, 537, 585, 609, 
631, 694, 761, 782, 816, 833, 
933, 934, 945, 985, 1011, 1015. 

Bucculatrix ainsliella (oak 
skeletonizer) 804, 995 

Bucculatrix thurberiella (cotton 
leaf perforator) 181, 309, 487, 
615, 636, 744, 766, 785, 819, 


851 
Cc 


Cacoecimorpha pronubana (a tortricid) 
139 


Caenurgina crassiuscula (clover 
looper) 581 

Caerois gerdrudtus (a mirid) 
329 

Calendra spp. (billbugs) 
93, 117, 241, 475, 626 

Calendra callosa 
443 

Calendra maidis (maize billbug) 
112, 404 

Calendra parvula 
250 

Calendra phoeniciensis 
85, 104 ; 

Calendra venatus confluens 
928, 998 

Caliroa cerasi (pear-slug) 
24, 77, 203, 248, 265, 304, 
561, 585, 652, 673, 694, 718, 
740, 945, 985, 1002, 1013 

Caliroa lineata (an oak sawfly) 
836, 1012, 1015 

Callarctia sp. (a lepidopterous 
larva) 23 

Calligrapha spp. (leaf beetles) 
109 


Calligrapha scalaris 
820, 882 


Calliptamus sp. (an Italian locust) 
131, 134 

Callirhytis sp. (a gall wasp) 
804 

Callirhytis perdens (an oak gall 
wasp) 789 

Callisto spp. (leaf miners) 
224 

Callisto geminatella (unspotted 
tentiform leaf miner) 6, 153, 
200, 322, 340, 353, 385, 481, 
537, 864, 1013 

Callitroga sp. (a screw-worm) 
“726, 747, 821, 882, 988 

Callitroga hominivorax (screw-worm) 
46, 69 map, 86, 95, 99, 109, 
15, 160),) 1725) Ui7s 2012237; 
236, 244, 300, 326, 519, 570, 
821, 853, 867, 882, 896, 931, 
942, 956, 968 

Callitroga macellaria (secondary 
screw-worm) 99, 155, 370 

Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea 
weevil) 211, 994 

Calocalpe undulata (a moth) 


197 

Calomycterus setarius (a Japanese 
weevil) 8, 391, 727, 771, 787, 
788 


Calosoma spp. (carabids) 
46, 136, 492 
Calosoma semilaeve 
86 
Cameraria spp. 
725, 746, 768 
Cameraria cincinnatiella (gregarious 


oak leaf miner) 149, 702 


Cameraria hamadryadella (solitary 
oak leaf miner) 149, 244, 679, 
725 

Camnula pellucida (clear-winged 
grasshopper) 76, 108, 247, 265, 
403, 441, 553, 577, 601, 667, 
687, 711, 735, 795, 845, 944, 


979, 1002 

Campoletia argentifrons (a parasite) 
743 

Camponotus sp. 
83 


Camponotus herculeanus pennsylvanicus 
black carpenter ant) 150, 160, 
226, 619, 932, 956, 1011 

Camponotus lavigatus 
252 

Campsomeris Plumipes fossulana 
a scoliid) 99 

Capitophorus ribis (currant aphid) 
946 

Cardiocondyla nuda minutior (an ant) 
1009 

Carpocapsa pomonella (codling moth) 
6; 9, 23, 58, 60,80, 84, 117, 
V2 lst lsd oS), Log) 141, 
148, 151, 153, 195, 200, 203, 
216, 224, 234, 248, 265, 304, 
340, 352, 365, 384, 399, 408, 
449, 481, 509, 537, 584, 609, 
631, 652, 673, 694, 718, 740, 
761, 782, 799, 816, 833, 848, 
864, 945, 972, 985, 990, 998, 
1007, 1010, 1013, 1027 

Carpophilus spp. (nitidulids) 
59, 113, 135, 285, 399, 647, 
796, 941, 987, 1028 


Carpophilus dimidiatus (corn sap 
beetle) 647 

Carpophilus hemipterus (dried fruit 
beetle) 135, 139, 221, 864, 940 


Carpophilus lugubris (dusky sap 
beetle) 580, 603, 647, 689, 
713, 736, 796, 947, 1013 
Carpophilus sayi 
241 


Carposina niponensis (peach fruit 
moth) 751 

Carulaspis minima (a minute cypress 
scale) 703 

Catarata lepisma (Ecuadorian pink 
bollworm) 330 


Cathartus quadricollis (square-necked 
grain beetle) 159 


Catocala spp. 
488, 491, 538 

Catocala maestosa (a pecan catocala) 
510 

Caulocampus acericaulis (maple 
petiole borer) 516 

Caulophilus latenasus (broad-nosed 
grain weevil) 300 

Cavariella aegopodii (a carrot aphid) 


267 
Cecidophyes psilaspis (a bud mite) 
413 


Celama sorghiella (sorghum webworm) 
44, 94, 157, 178, 193, 221, 
285, 373, 580, 604, 648, 689, 
713, 736, 777, 811, 830, 846, 
861, 877; 927, 939, 953 

Celerio lineata (white-lined sphinx) 
76, 86, 370, 393, 462, 564, 
655, 769 

Celerio lineata livornica (a 
Sphingid) 135 

Centrinaspsis sp. (a weevil) 
192 


Centrinaspis penicellus (a weevil) 
779 


Cephalcia marginata (a sawfly) 
60 

Cephus spp. (wheat stem sawflies) 
605 


Cephus cinctus (wheat stem sawfly) 
20, 557, 605, 690 

Cephus aeus (European wheat 
stem sawfly) 605 

Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean 
fruit fly) 15, 104, 138, 139, 
166, 210, 277, 341, 451, 562, 
611, 799, 816, 1022 


= G7 © 


Ceratomia catalpae (catalpa sphinx) 
60; 159, 176, 354, 695, 703, 
769, 853, 1015, 1028 

Cerococcus quercus (a scale insect) 
518 

Ceroplastes sp. 
241, 956 

Ceroplastes ceriferus (a wax scale) 
159, 956 

Ceroplastes cirripediformis 
(barnacle scale) 783 

Ceroplastes floridensis (Florida 
wax scale) 213 

Ceroplastes sinensis (Chinese wax 
scale) 135 

Cerotoma trifurcata (bean leaf 
beetle) 113, 153, 154, 158, 
193, 217, 242, 286, 297, 322, 
343, 352, 381, 388, 410, 445, 
455, 480, 484, 513, 533, 540, 
560, 564, 583, 612, 630, 634, 
650, 693, 697, 715, 738, 758, 
COS SOs OLS se So2Q O34 LOLS) 
1014, 1027, 1028 

Cerura multiscripta (a notodontid) 
98 


Ceutorhynchus assimilis (cabbage 
Seedpod weevil) 81 

Ceutorhynchus rapae (cabbage 
curculio) 59, 387, 452 

Chaetocnema sp. 
404, 830, 847 

Chaetocnema confinis (sweetpotato 
flea beetle) 388, 539 

Chaetocnema denticulata (toothed 
flea beetle) 335, 388 

Chaetocnema ectypa (desert corn flea 
beetle) 180, 379 

Chaetocnema pulicaria (corn flea 
beetle) 6, 57, 192, 223, 284, 
3185) 335,379), 388, 398.399; 
405, 444, 502, 530, 556, 580, 
603, 627, 647, 689, 812, 1013, 
1026, 1028 


Chaitophorus populicola (an aphid) 
820 


Chaitophorus utahensis 
30 

Chalcodermus aeneus (cowpea curculio) 
95, 158, 242, 784 

Chalepus dorsalis (locust leaf 
Miner) 60, 354, 373, 546, 638, 
679, 745, 1015 


Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus 
(a predator) 790 


Chermes sp. 
820, 933 
Chermes abietis (eastern spruce gall 
aphid) 8, 299, 346, 488 
Chermes cooleyi (Cooley spruce gall 
~ aphid) 24, 25, 149, 392, 436, 
947 
Chermes piceae (balsam woolly aphid) 
~ 82, 100, 268, 419, 429, 568, 
725, 866, 895, 1011 
Chilo plejadellus (rice stalk borer) 
447 
Chilo zonellus (maize and jawar 


borer) 140 
Chilocorus bipustulatus (a 
coccinellid) 139 
Chionaspis americana (elm scurfy 
scale) 8, 399, 658, 746 
Chionaspis asiatica (a diaspid 
scale) 134 
Chionaspis furfura (scurfy scale) 
22, 461, 547, 746 
Chionaspis quercus 


768 
Chionaspis salicis-nigrae 
109 
Chionodes psiloptera (a gelechiid) 
264 
Chlorochroa sp. 
478 


Chlorochroa ligata (conchuela) 
532, 634, 657, 678, 700, 713, 
723 


Chlorochroa sayi (Say stink bug) 
umesii7o,NS845) 181, 209; 213, 405, 

447, 476, 502, 532, 556, 581, 
604, 616, 630, 648, 652, 657, 
671, 678, 692, 700, 727, 739, 
745, 767, 930, 945 

Chorioptes bovis (a mite) 
395 

Choristoneura spp. 
432 

Choristoneura fumiferana (spruce 
budworm) 9, 10, 16, 24, 25, 82, 
118, 216, 251, 392, 419, 420, 
428, 429, 516, 546, 617, 638, 
658, 679, 724, 745, 819, 894, 
987, 1011 

Choristoneura pinus (jack-pine 
budworm) 118, 196, 421, 430, 
517, 568, 617,°702 

Chorizagrotis auxiliaris (army 
cutworm) 15, 20, 22, 23, 53, 
84, 107, 165, 174, 185, 200, 
202, 203, 221, 234, 276, 295, 
318, 337, 360, 364, 381, 502, 
557, 944, 985 


Chortophaga sp. 
473 


Chortophaga viridifasciata 
(a grasshopper) 359 

Chromaphis juglandicola (walnut 
aphid) 268, 304, 384, 584, 610, 
653, 816 

Chrotogonus spp. (grasshoppers) 
141 


Chrysobothris sp. 
895 


Chrysobothris femorata (flatheaded 
apple tree borer) 114, 175 

Chrysobothris mali (Pacific 
flatheaded borer) 306, 384 


Chrysolina sp. 
82, 570, 1000 


Chrysolina gemellata (a klamathweed 
beetle) 301, 310, 370, 394, 
548, 595, 838 


Chrysolina hyperici 
268, 310 


Chrysolina quadrigemina 
268 


Chrysomela spp. 
109 

Chrysomela scripta (cottonwood leaf 
beetle) 24, 547, 702 


Chrysomphalus aonidum (Florida red 
scale) 138, 171 

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi 
(dictyospermum scale) 134, 136, 
139 

Chrysomphalus obscurus (obscure 

f scale) 277, 461, 964 

Chrysomyza demandata (an otitid) 
177 

Chrysopa spp. 
46, 177, 220, 237, 394, 492, 
520, 549, 570, 595, 821 

Chrysopa oculata (golden-eye 
lacewing) 349 


Chrysophana glacida (a flatheaded 
borer) 895 


Chrysops spp. (deer flies) 61, 458, 
519, 726 

Cimbex americana (elm sawfly) 345, 
516, 568, 659 ; 

Cimex lectularius (bed bug) 25, 31, 

Tan PEG 

Cinara spp. 

119, 325, 390, 517 


Cinara curvipes 
390 


Cinara piceicola 
309 
Cinara strobi (white-pine aphid) 60, 
392, 931 
Cinara tanneri 
30 
Cinara tujafilina 
127, 145, 176, 280, 987 
Cinara watsoni 
58 
Cinara winonkae 
85 


Cingilia catenaria (chain spotted 
geometer) 151 

Circulifer opacipennis 
136 

Circulifer tenellus (beet leafhopper) 
3, 54, 77, 81, 145, 166, 187, 
222, 249, 266, 270, 278, 279, 
297, 308, 342, 367, 386, 411, 
484, 510, 540, 563, 588, 613, 
633, 653, 674, 696, 719, 763, 
800, 834, 880, 946, 986, 1000, 


1002, 1027 
Cladius isomerus (bristly rose-slug) 
393 


Clepsis peritana (a leaf roller) 
89 

Clinopleura spp. (grasshoppers) 
441 


Cnephasia longana (omnivorous leaf 
tier) 79, 322, 476, 972, 997 


Cnephasia virgaureana (a tortricid) 
972 


Cnidocampa flavescens (oriental 
moth) 804 


Coccinella novemnotata (a lady 
beetle) 110 

Coccus hesperidum (soft scale) 144, 
145, 281, 306, 968 

Colaspis sp. (grape colaspis) 44, 
94, 233, 530, 556, 579, 637, 
657, 691, 715, 738, 758, 1026, 
1027 

Colaspis pini (pine colaspis) 46, 
488 


Coleomegilla maculata fuscilabris 
(a lady beetle) 215, 394, 982 

Coleophora laricella (larch 
casebearer) 251, 432, 461, 517, 
658, 893 

Coleophora occidentis (cigar 
casebearer) 510 

Colias,philodice eurytheme (alfalfa 
caterpillar) 76, 108, 110, 157, 
180, 202, 246, 295, 336, 381, 
405, 477, 504, 558, 670, 714, 
137 3, G50, 1t9;190),, 812, 831, 
846, 862, 878, 889, 944, 984, 


1013 
Colladonus geminatus (a leafhopper) 
945 


Collembola (springtails) 934 
Collops spp. (predators) 492, 549, 
570, 595, 619, 661, 681, 805 


Collops balteata 
45 


Collops vitattus 
23 


Colopha ulmicola (elm cockscomb 
gall) 109 

Comperiella bifasciata (a parasite) 
310 

Conocephalus brevipennis (a 
grasshopper) 845 

Conocephalus fasciatus (grasshopper) 
687 

Conoderus amplicollis (Gulf 
wireworm) 171 

Conoderus falli (southern potato 
wireworm) Bhi ais storey ty labs 
614, 955 

Conoderus lividus 243 

Conoderus vespertinus (tobacco 
wireworm) 97, 243 

Conophthorus spp. 
119, 428, 746 

Conophthorus lamberitanae (sugar- 
pine cone beetle) 428 

Conophthorus resinosae (red-pine 
cone beetle) 702 

Conotelus mexicanus (a beetle) 85, 
786 

Conotrachelus aratus (a curculionid) 
451 

Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum 
curculio) 75,94) LL7,, 148), 151); 
153, 195, 200, 216, 218, 221, 
224, 225, 295, 321, 341, 352, 
366, 385, 399, 408, 450, 481, 
509, 537, 561, 584, 610, 632, 
652, 673, 695, 833, 1013, 1027 


- 18 - 


Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum midge) 
44, 285, 757, 779, 812, 830, 
862, 877, 889, 953, 963, 979 

Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan 
subterranean termite) 128, 214, 

Corthylus sp. (a scolytid) 329 

Corythucha arcuata (oak lace bug) 
638, 679 


Corythucha bellula 
8 


Corythucha celtidis (hackberry lace 
bug) 8, 299, 679 


Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace 
bug) 768, 789 


Corythucha cydoniae 
746, 789, 867 


Corythucha nicholi 
1023 


Cosmopolites sordidus (banana root 
borer) 329 


Cotinis nitida (green June beetle) 
97, 99, 154, 155, 175, 226, 244, 
323, 373, 445, 680, 891, 954, 
963 

Cotinis texana (a scarabaeid) 306, 
761 

Crambus spp. 
8, 150, 380, 583, 832 

Crambus caliginosellus (corn root 
webworm) 152, 475 

Crambus mutabilis 
847 

Crambus teterrellus (bluegrass 
webworm) 171, 650 

Crambus topiarius (cranberry girdler) 
81, 264, 759 

Cremona cotoneastri (a cotoneaster 
webworm) 490 

Crioceris spp. 
166, 367, 387, 411, 455, 484, 
512, 541, 588, 613, 720 

Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle) 
7, 81, 149, 158, 166, 196, 249, 
267, 367, 387, 411, 455, 484, 
512, 541, 564, 588, 613, 635, 
720, 742, 801, 818, 834, 947, 
1014, 1027 

Crioceris duodecimpunctata (spotted 
asparagus beetle) 7, 81, 149, 
166, 267, 387, 411, 455, 484, 
512, 541, 613, 720; 818), 947, 
1014, 1028 

Croesus latitarsus (dusky birch 
Sawfly) 462 

Crymodes devastator (glassy cutworm) 
264 


Cryptaphyllaspis liquidambaris 
(a scale insect) 1015 
Cryptaspidiotus shastae (a cedar 
scale) 176, 201, 461 
Crypthemichionaspis ulmi (a scale) 
insect) 942 


Cryptococcus fagi (beech scale) 931 


Cryptolaemus montrouzieri 
(a predator) 310 
Cryptotermes brevis (a termite) 128 


Ctenicera spp. (wireworms) 


933 
Ctenicera glauca 
454 


Ctenicera pruinina noxia (Great 
Basin wireworm) 336 
Ctenocephalides spp. (fleas) 770 
Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea) 
61, 95, 160, 354, 770 
Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) 
95, 160, 226, 354, 594, 680, 
701, 770, 790, 837, 896 
Cuclotogaster heterographus (chicken 
head louse) 31 
Culex spp. (mosquitoes) 
21, 46, 78, 109, 519, 522, 821 
Culex pipiens (northern house 
mosquito) 8, 150, 325, 458, 491, 
519, 594 
Culex quinquefasciatus (southern 
house mosquito) 618, 821 
Culex restuans 
325, 458, 491, 594 
Culex salinarius 
491, 1015 


Culex stigmatosoma 
618 


Culex tarsalis 

115, 214, 348, 371, 393, 491, 

519, 548, 569, 618, 660, 701, 
726, 747, 837 

Culex territans 


458, 594, 618 
Culicoides spp. (sand flies) 325, 
821, 1011 


Culiseta spp. (mosquitoes) 21, 933 

Culiseta inornata 
236, 325, 348, 371, 393, 416, 
519, 548, 618, 701, 726, 747 

Culiseta melanura 
594 

Culiseta morsitans 
594 

Curculio auriger (small chestnut 
weevil) 864, 940 

Curculio caryae (pecan weevil) 94, 
175, 277, 782 

Curculio elephas (chestnut weevil) 
1003 

Cyclocephala sp. 
994 

Cyclocephala borealis (northern 
masked chafer) 114, 226, 382, 


815 
Cyclocephala pasadenae (a chafer) 
832 


Cyclas formicarius elegantulus 
(sweetpotato weevil) 54, 178, 
211, 455, 818, 965 


Cylindrocopturus spp. (weevils) 427 


Cylindrocopturus eatoni 
428, 895, 1008 


Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Asiatic oak 
weevil) 60, 347, 658, 791, 805, 
822, 836, 852, 1015 


Cyrtomenus mirabilis (a burrowing 
bug) 954 


D 


Dacus spp. 141 


Dacus oleae (olive fruit fly) 137, 
139 

Dacus zonatus (peach fruit fly) 142 

Daihinia brevipes (camel cricket) 


554 

Danaus plexippus (monarch butterfly) 
855 

Dasyneura affinis (violet leaf midge) 
959 


Dasyneura gleditschiae (a gall midge) 
251, 769, 1012 


Dasyneura ri (a pear leaf-rolling 
midge) 82 


Dasyneura vaccinii (a tipworm) 196 

Datana spp. 
451, 510, 538, 562, 968 

Datana integerrima (walnut caterpillar) 
45, 94, 109, 114, 175, 178, 193, 
197, 400, 585, 610, 632, 674 
703, 786, 799, 819, 833, 864, 
879, 940, 1015, 1028 

Datana major (an azalea caterpillar) 
769, 836, 1015 

Datana ministra (yellow-necked 
caterpillar) 193, 306, 354, 658, 
695, 703, 724, 740, 768, 786, 
1015, 1028 

Deloyala ttata (mottled tortoise 
beetle) 158, 655 

Deloyala vittata (a tortoise beetle) 
655 

Dendroctonus spp. (turpentine beetles) 
55, 213, 222, 299, 392, 427, 
819, 820, 894, 987 

Dendroctonus approximatus (See: 
Dendroctonus parallelocollis) 
424 

Dendroctonus barberi (southwestern 
pine beetle) 424, 425 

Dendroctonus borealis (Alaska spruce 
beetle) 421, 425 

Dendroctonus brevicomis (western pine 
beetle) 5, 26, 77, 82, 268, 419, 
420, 423, 592, 658, 819, 995 


Dendroctonus convexifrons 
roundheaded pine beetle) 425 

Dendroctonus engelmanni 
(Engelmann spruce beetle) 26, 
120, 268, 419, 420, 424, 894 

Dendroctonus frontalis (southern 
Pine beetle) 45, 55, 145, 154, 
222, 244, 421, 426, 517, 546, 
591, 617, ‘638, 658, 768, 803, 
851, 866, 882, 955, 966, 995 

Dendroctonus jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine 
beetle) 77, 420, 424 

Dendroctonus monticolae (mountain 
pine beetle) 26, 77, 120, 251, 
420, 422, 488, 819, 894 

Dendroctonus murrayanae (lodgepole- 
pine beetle) 894 

Dendroctonus obesus (Sitka-spruce 
beetle) 421, 425, 881 

Dendroctonus parallelocollis 

larger Mexican pine beetle) 

424, 425 

Dendroctonus ponderosae (Black Hills 
beetle) 203, 420, 424, 459 

Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Douglas- 
fir beetle) 26, 203, 215, 250, 
268, 420, 423, 592, 658, 820, 
894, 987 i 

Dendroctonus terebrans (black 
turpentine beetle) 95, 127, 
154, 159, 176, 179, 220, 369, 
421, 425, 517, 568, 638, 702, 
851, 866, 966 

Dendroctonus valens (red turpentine 
beetle) 77, 100, 420, 819, 931, 
1023 

Dermacentor albipictus (winter tick) 
168, 394, 968 

Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky 
Mountain wood tick) 570, 948 

Dermacentor hunteri 
280 

Dermacentor variabilis (American 
dog tick) PAT oa EES ellis tte 
150, 198, 244, 325, 354, 370, 
394, 416, 459, 491, 519, 548, 
570, 594, 660, 680, 1015 


Dermanyssus spp. 
933 

Dermanyssus gallinae (chicken mite) 
236 


Dermatobia hominis (human bot) 330 

Dermestes spp. 
269 

Dermestes caninus 
86 

Dermestes lardarius (larder beetle) 
156, 727 

Dermestes maculatus (hide beetle) 
86, 159, 956 

Deroceras reticukatum (gray garden 
slug) 265 

Derocrepis erythropus (red-legged 
flea beetle) 365 

Desmia funeralis (grape leaf folder) 
306, 740, 782, 816, 891, 928 

Diabrotica spp. 
108, 200, 279, 295, 308, 339, 
366, 388, 410, 452, 647, 675, 
689, 712, 756, 796, 834, 1026 

Diabrotica balteata (banded 
cucumber beetle) 44, 96, 129, 
813, 880 

Diabrotica longicornis (northern 
corn rootworm) 112, 192, 194, 
285, 351, 647, 669, 689, 712, 
736, 830 

Diabrotica undecimpunctata 
western spotted cucumber 
beetle) 81, 257, 308, 671, 
672, 691, 1000 

Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi 
spotted cucumber beetle) 57, 
59, 94, 105, 109, 112, 149, 
153, 157,.185, 222, 277, 279, 
320, 343, 352, 359, 366, 398, 
444, 484, 504, 531, 612, 647, 
689, 690, 712, 720, 738, 756, 
G69); 967, (SOLS S13 68325. 834; 
847, 863, 864, 878, 879, 928, 
940, 941, 947, 953, 1013, 1028 


- 19 - 


Diabrotica undecimpunctata tenella 
655, 986 

Diabrotica virgifera (western corn 
rootworm) 112, 202, 689, 712, 


756 ; 

Diachlonus ferrugatus (a tabanid) 
519 5 

Diachus auratus (a flea beetle) 
997 


Diacrisia obligqua (jute hairy 
caterpillar) 141 
Dialeurodes sp. 
132 
Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) 
— 29, 54, 104, 142, 210, 632 
Diaphania spp. 
720 


Diaphania hyalinata (melonworm) 
29, 172, 720 


Diaphania indica (pumpkin 
caterpillar) 841 

Diaphania nitidalis (pickleworm) 
98, 154, 158, 172, 218, 720, 
964 

Diapheromera femorata (walking- 
stick) 119, 197, 679 

Diaphorina citri (citrus psylla) 
142 

Diarsia rosaria (a cutworm) 
235, 410, 835 

Diaspis carueli (jumper scale) 226, 
324, 703, 804, 948 

Diatraea crambidoides (southern 
cornstalk borer) 157, 178, 215, 
241, 555, 580, 627, 648, 830, 
862, 877 

Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane 
borer) 44, 318, 336, 380, 405, 
448, 476, 504, 531, 560, 581, 
604, 627, 689, 798, 878 

Dichelonyx backi (green rose chafer) 
546 

Dichomeris marginella (juniper 
webworm) 747 

Dicladispa armigera (rice hispa) 
169, 857 

Dikraneura carneola (a leafhopper) 
257, 476, 504 

Dikrella gossypii 
330 

Dinarmus dacicida (a parasite) 
139 

Dioryctria spp. 
25, 428, 852 

Dioryctria zimmermani (Zimmerman 
pine moth) 58, 354, 435, 639, 


703 
Diparopsis castanea (red bollworm) 
899 
Diparopsis gossypioides 
899 
Diparopsis tephragamma 
899 
Diparopsis watersi 
899, 900 


Diplolepis sp. (a gall insect) 24 
Diplotaxis popino (a chafer) 610 
Diprion spp. 
433, 434 
Diprion hercyniae (European spruce 
sawfly ar 
Diprion similis (introduced pine 
Sawfly) 118, 415, 433, 591, 
820, 895 
Disonycha sp. 
613 
Disonycha xanthomelas (spinach flea 
beetle) 696 
Dissosteira carolina (Carolina 
grasshopper) 637, 687, 735, 795 
Dissosteira longipennis ( High 
Plains grasshopper) 637, 711 
Dissosteira spurcata 
V7 
Ditylenchus destructor (potato rot 
nematode) 195, 850, 865 
Deciostaurus spp. 
134 
Dociostaurus moroccanus (Moroccan 


locust) 131, 134 


Doru aculeatum aculeatum (an earwig) 

f 31 

Draeculacephala antica (a leafhopper) 
150 

Draeculacephala minerva 
1007 

Drepanaphis acerifoliae (painted 
maple aphid) 8 

Drepanopterna femoratum (a grasshopper) 

. (Ale 


Drepanosiphum platanoides (an aphid) 
30 


Drosicha stebbingi (mango mealybug) 
141 

Drosophila spp. 
225, 933, 1014 

Drosophila melanogaster (a vinegar 
fly) 226, 309, 940, 946 


Dryocoetes spp. 
420 


Dryocoetes confusus~-(western balsam 


bark beetle) 425 
Dryophanta sp. (a gall wasp) 345 
Dysdercus andraea (a cotton stainer) 
1009 


Dysdercus collaris 


330 
E 


Earias spp. 
141 

Earias insulana (spiny bollworm) 
13259133), 5135, 137 


Ecdytolopha insiticiana (locust twig 
borer) 30, 299 t 

Edwardsiana rosae (rose leafhopper) 

~~ 389, 948, 968 

Elaphidion villosum (twig pruner) 
217, 638 

Elasmopalpus lignosellus (lesser 
cornstalk borer) 44, 94, 95, 96, 
152, 157, 175, 178, 180, 269, 
307, 309, 603, 647, 672, 739, 
759, 781, 818, 879 

Elasmostethus interstinctus (a stink 
bug) 934 

Eleodes spp. 
107, 174, 200, 275, 318 

Eleodes opaca (plains false wireworm) 
113 

Empoasca spp. (leafhoppers) 
141, 175, 344, 445, 559, 590, 
692 


Empoasca abrupta 
367, 864 


Empoasca bipunctata 
987 

Empoasca devastans (potato jassid) 
141 

Empoasca fabae (potato leafhopper) 
6, 20, 57, 60, 108, 111, 113, 
116, 151, 154, 171, 192, 194, 
223, 225, 257, 286, 338, 351, 
362, 383, 397, 406, 445, 478, 
483, 508, 512, 535, 539, 559, 
563, 582, 586, 606, 630, 633, 
650, 653, 654, 671, 692, 716, 
739, 759, 763, 781, 783, 798, 
801, 807, 814, 832, 940, 954, 
965, 1013, 1014, 1025, 1028 

Empoasca filamenta 
249, 267, 654, 720, 763, 933, 


934, 947 

Empoasca stevensi 
329 

Endria inimica (painted leafhopper) 
111 

Endrosis lacteella (a grain moth) 
309 

Endrosis sarcitrella 
519 


Ennomos subsignarius (elm spanworm) 
95, 437, 569, 866 


Eotetranychus carpini (a spider mite) 
80, 399, 694, 998 


Eotetranychus clitus 


? 


Eotetranychus hicoriae 
782 


Eotetranychus lewisi 
956 

Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (six-— 
spotted mite) 145 

Eotetranychus weldoni 
948 

Eotetranychus willamettei 
305, 386, 609, 945 

Eotetranychus yumensis 
180 

Ephestia cautella (almond moth) 
T35; 036! 

Ephestia elutella (tobacco moth) 
119, 136, 956 

Ephestiodes gilvescentella 
(a phycitid moth) 541, 835 

Epicaerus imbricatus (imbricated 
snout beetle) 409 

Epicauta spp. 
96, 111, 116, 149, 158, 286, 
445° 505, 511, 533, 559; 605; 
629, 634, 670, 690, 738, 756, 
762, 1013, sei 

Epicauta cinerea (clematis blister 
beetle) 445 

Epicauta corvina 
715 

Epicauta fabricii (ash-gray blister 
beetle) 477, 559, 581, 629, 
670 

Epicauta murina 

i 618 

Epicauta pennsylvanica (black 
blister beetle) 149, 670, 738, 
TENE 

Epicauta pestifera (margined blister 
beetle 1495 158), 1715, 719 

Epidiaspis sp. 
144 

Epidiaspis piricola (Italian pear 
scale) 234, 561 


Epilachna spp. 
141, 885 


Epilachna chrysomelina (melon beetle) 
134, 137, 140 

Epilachna paenulata (a leaf-feeding 
coccinellid) 885 

Epilachna varivestis (Mexican bean 


beetle) 7, 10, 60, 85, 94, 95, 


96, 98, 113, 148, 151, 153, 157, 


158, 178, 196, 202, 216, 225, 
241, 242, 297, 322, 343, 367, 
388, 398, 410, 446, 452, 480, 
484, 508, 513, 534, 540, 564, 
583, 587, 607, 612, 634, 650, 
654, 675, 697, 715, 719, 738, 
742, 763, 780, 784, 797, 801, 
818, 834, 850, 880, 947, 986, 
1002, 1010, 1014, 1028 

Epinotia hopkinsana cupressi 
235 

Epinotia meritana (fir needle miner) 
420, 426, 432 


Epinotia nanana 
324 


Epitrimerus pyri (pear rust mite) 
265, 305 

Epitrix spp. (flea beetles) 
329, 404 

Epitrix cucumeris (potato flea 
beetle) 10, 20, 59, 60, 109, 
149. 1540 8195202255 398), 41:05 
454, 483, 511, 539, 562, 586, 
633, 654, 696, 719, 742, 762, 
817, 1011, 1014 

Epitrix fuscula (eggplant flea 
beetle) 410, 511 

Epitrix hirtipennis (tobbaco flea 
beetle) 72, 97, 154, 167, 188, 
212, 242, 298, 323, 344, 353, 
368, 373, 410, 411, 454, 485, 
514, 542, 614, 635, 654, 656, 
721, 742, 765, 802, 817 

Epitrix subcrinita (western potato 
flea beetle) 250, 563, 586, 
742 

Epitrix tuberis (tuber flea beetle) 
114, 654, 762, 783 

Epochra canadensis (currant fruit 
fly) 24, 248, 341, 946, 999 


- 20 - 


Ereunetis minuscula (a tineid) 
994 

Eriococcus azaleae (azalea bark 
scale) 60, 179, 189 

Eriopeltis festucae (a cottony- 
grass scale) 217 

Eriophyes sp. 
24 

Eriophyes erineus 
538 

Eriophyes insidiosus 
321 

Eriophyes pyri (pear leaf blister 
mite) 24, 77, 80, 144, 187, 
210, 216, 248, 305, 366, 385, 
409, 450, 481, 538, 561, 610, 
761, 820, 892, 945, 972, 998 

Eriophyes thujae (tip-dwarf mite) 
226 

Eriophyes vitis (grape erineum mite) 
305, 386, 631, 1007 

Eriosoma americanum (woolly elm 
aphid) 109, 966 

Eriosoma crataegi 


85 
Eriosoma languinosum 
305 


Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly apple 
aphid) 29, 84, 125, 137, 138, 
141, 153, 158, 180, 224, 265, 
296, 305, 329, 340, 365, 384, 
449, 509, 895, 937, 945,-954, 
986, 999, 1013 

Eritettix spp. (grasshoppers) 
403 

Erythroneura spp. (leafhoppers) 
84, 310, 718, 948, 986 


Erythroneura basilaris 


176 

Erythroneura dumosa 
176 

Erythroneura elegans 
948 

Erythroneura elegantula 
266, 306 

Erythroneura lawsoniana 
353 


Erythroneura ziczac (Virginia- 
creeper leafhopper) 78, 789, 
948 

Esselena vanduzeei (a grasshopper) 
15 

Essigella californica (an aphid) 
1023 

Estigmene acrea (salt-marsh 
caterpillar) 307, 487, 515, 
531, 540, 555, 616, 652, 697, 
744, 764, 766, 780, 785, 835, 
881, 892, 930, 1013, 1014 

Etiella zinckenella (lima-bean pod 
borer) 784, 880 

Eublemma olivacea (brinjal leaf 
roller) 141 

Euceraphis sp. (an aphid) 
933 

Euceraphis betulae 
934 

Eucosma sp. (an olethreutid) 
400 

Eucosma sonomana 
LES Loy, 

Euetheola rugiceps (sugarcane 
beetle) 44, 94, 218, 349, 350, 
359, 372, 373, 395, 396, 405, 
417, 418, 448, 476, 556, 580, 

Eulype hastata (a spear-marked 
black moth) 933 

Eumerus strigatus 
1012 

Eumerus tuberculatus (lesser bulb 


fly) 211, 249, 267 


Eupeimus allyni (a parasite) 
690 


Eupelmus urozonus 
39 

Euphoria sp. 
175 

Euphoria inda (bumble flower beetle) 
23 


Euphyllura arbuti 
309 


Euphyllura olivina (olive psylla) 


139 
Euproctis signata (hairy caterpillar) 
141 


Eurygaster integriceps (senn pest) 
T31, 134, 136, 137 


Euryophthalmus convivus (a stink 
bug) 930 


Eurytetranychus buxi (a spider mite) 


236, 244 
Eurytoma sp. 
139 


Eurytoma plotnikovi (a pistachio 
nut borer) 135 

Euschistus spp. (stink bugs) 
172 


Euschistus bifibulus 
45 

Euschistus conspersus 
104, 590, 737 

Euschistus ictericus 


690 
Euschistus impictiventris 
180 


Euschistus servus (brown stink bug) 
95, 97, 225, 320, 370, 486, 
669 

Euschistus tristigmus (dusky stink 
bug) 225, 365, 450 

Euschistus variolarius (one-spot 
stink bug) 225, 249, 340, 450 

Eutinobothrus gossypii (a weevil) 


330 
Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (chigger) 
T15, 155 
Euxoa spp. (cutworms) 
267, 410 
Euxoa detersa 
113 


Euxoa ochrogaster (red-backed 
cutworm) 247, 410, 934, 971 

Euzophera ostricolorella (a root 
collar borer) 155 

Euzophera semifuneralis (American 
plum borer) 306, 740 

Evergestis pallidata (purple-backed 
cabbageworm) 60 

Evergestis rimosalis (cross-striped 
cabbageworm) 45, 655, 929, 
955 

Exoteleia pinifoliella (pine needle 
miner) 45, 149 


F 


Fannia canicularis (little house 
fly) 416 
Faronta diffusa (wheat head 
~armyworm) 23, 264, 629, 985 
Fascista cercerisella (a leaf roller) 
768 
Feltia spp. 
387, 443, 511, 670 
Feltia subgothica (dingy cutworm) 
284, 286, 287, 361 
Feltia subterranea (granulate 
cutworm) 17, 56, 73, 106, 128, 
146, 169, 190, 215, 238, 262, 
283, 302, 303, 328, 350, 372, 
395, 396, 417, 418, 850, 928 
940, 983, 996, 1009, 1024 
Fenusa dohrnii (European alder leaf 
miner) 82 
Fenusa pusilla (birch leaf miner) 
8, 10, 58, 82, 149, 217, 369, 
392, 415, 462, 517, 546, 638, 
702, 768, 1011, 1015 
Fenusa ulmi (elm leaf miner) 
197 


Fidia viticida (grape rootworm) 


632 


Fiorinia externa 


7, 400 
Fiorinia theae (a tea scale) 
179, 324, 931, 968, 1023 


Forda spp. (pistachio aphids) 


135 


Forficula auricularia (European 
earwig) 9, 10, 22, 24, 217, 
250, 308, 348, 385, 463, 492, 
570, 595, 619, 661, 680, 713, 
720, 748, 770, 791, 805, 816, 
821, 836, 867, 948, 969, 1001, 
1002, 1011 

Frankliniella spp. (thrips) 
77, 85, 95, 222, 447, 583, 607 

Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips) 
45, 158, 241, 516, 583, 607, 
675 

Frankliniella minuta 
985 

Frankliniella occidentalis 
125, 181, 367, 508, 587, 593, 


985 
Frankliniella tuberosi 
329 
Frankliniella vaccinii 
9, 1010 


Fuscuropoda agitans (an earthworm 
mite) 32, 245, 932 


Galerucella n haeae (waterlily 
leaf beetle) 849 


Galerucella xanthomelaena (elm leaf 
beetle) G7lOReTiemS2, .L55. 
159, 216, 220, 226, 244, 250, 
268, 309, 345, 354, 373, 393, 
399, 415, 462, 491, 518, 547, 
568, 592, 618, 639, 658, 679, 
703, 725, 746, 769, 789, 804, 
820, 836, 838, 853, 867, 948, 
1000, 1011, 1024 

Galleria mellonella (greater wax 
moth) 868 


Garganus gracilentus (a mirid) 
329 


Gasterophilus spp. 
55, 931, 942 


Gasterophilus intestinalis (horse 
bot fly) 896 

Geococcus coffeae (a mealybug) 
931 

Geocoris spp. (big-eyed bugs) 
46, 349, 394, 463, 520, 549, 
570, 595, 681, 747, 748 

Geocoris pallens 
570 

Geocoris punctipes 
46, 220, Se 349 

Geshna cannalis (lesser canna leaf 
roller) 955 

Gibbium psylloides 
106 

Glischrochilus spp. 
399, 764 


Glischrochilus quadrisignatus 
(a corn sap Heatley 352 
Glycyphagus destructor (a granary 
Fite) 1001 


Gnathocerus maxillosus (broad-horned 
flour beetle) 770 

Gnorimoschema ocellatella (a sugar- 
beet crown borer) 134 

Gnorimoschema operculella (potato 
tuberworm) 77, 97, 140, 154, 
156, 170, 245, 307, 453, 611, 
783, 947 

Gossyparia spuria (European elm 
scale) 8, 22, 77, 114, 196, 
201, 203, 345, 399, 490, 518, 
591, 658, 703, 746, 748, 789, 
1002 

Gracilaria azaleella (azalea leaf 
miner) 127, 393 


Gracilaria ne della (boxelder leaf 
roller) 987 


Gracilaria syringella (lilac leaf 
miner) 24, 267 


Graminella nigrifrons (a leafhopper) 
293 


Graphognathus spp. (white-fringed 
beetles) 243, 487, 560, 619, 


640, 704, 815, 848, 965, 1022 


=O tres 


Graphognathus peregrinus 
43, 178 


Grapholitha conversana (a clover 

bud caterpillar) 246, 477, 505 
Grapholitha glycinivorella (soybean 
= pod Bosc 11 


Grapholitha interstinctana (clover 


head caterpillar) 504, 533, 


757, 1013 

Grapholitha molesta (oriental fruit 
moth) 7, 80, 94, 148, 153,158, 
178, 218, 225, 265, 304, 352, 
353, 384, 408, 450, 509, 538, 
584, 610, 652, 673, 695, 718, 
761, 782, 833, 928, 998, 1027 

Grapholitha packardi (cherry 
fruitworm) 195, 509, 610, 695, 
945 

Grapholitha prunivora (lesser 
appleworm) 304, 632 

Gryllotalpa llotalpa (a mole 
cricket) 138 

Gypsonoma haimbachiana (a twig 
borer) 488 


Haematopinus spp. 
115 


Haematopinus asini (horse sucking 
Iouse) 261 

Haematopinus eurysternus (short- 
nosed cattle louse) 86, 109, 
282 

Haematopinus quadripertusus (cattle 
tail louse) 179 


Haematopinus suis (hog louse) 
61, 251 


Haemolaelaps glasgowi (a mite) 
790 


Halisidota argentata (an arctiid) 
702 

Halisidota harrisii (sycamore 
tussock moth) 354 

Halisidota tessellaris (pale tussock 
moth) 679, 789 

Halotydeus destructor (red-legged 
earth mite) 313 

Halticus bracteatus (garden 
fleahopper) 59, 191, 675, 832, 


1025 

Hamamelistes spinosus (an aphid) 
517 

Haploa sp. (an arctiid) 
179 

Haplotinea ditella (a grain moth) 
246, 251 

Haptoncus luteolus (a nitidulid) 
940 

Harmolita tritici (wheat jointworm) 
757, 1027 


Harpalus pennsylvanicus (a ground 
beetle) 613 

Harrisina americana (grapeleaf 
skeltonizer) 241 

Harrisina brillians (western 
grapeleaf skeletonizer) 84, 
180, 799, 946 

Hartigia cressonii (a sawfly) 
306 

Heliopeltis theivora (a mirid) 
142 

Heliothis spp. 
CURE ESS akyfe albeIS aby 
156, 159, 176, 180, 181, 218, 
220, 287, 344, 368, 443, 456, 
457, 486, 502, 513, 515, 542, 
554, 565, 566, 589, 614, 636, 
656, 676, 698, ‘721, 722, 742, 
743, 765, 785, 802, 818, 893, 
930 

Heliothis armigera (a cotton 
bollworm) 135 

Heliothis ononis (flax bollworm) 
972 


Heliothis phloxiphaga 


80, 264, 267, 475, 764, 850 


Heliothis virescens (tobacco 
budworm) 97, 178, 242, 243, 
328, 373, 389, 395, 396, 411, 
417, 418, 456, 457, 464, 465, 
485, 494, 495, 513, 515, 521, 
542, 550, 566, 571, 572, 589, 
596, 614, 620, 640, 641, 656, 
662, 682, 683, 706, 707, 729, 
730, 742, 749, 772, 792, 806, 
825, 839, 856 

Heliothis zea (bollworm, corn 
earworm, tomato fruitworm) 

7, 22, 24, 43, 45, 56, 57, 59, 
60, 76, 77, 84, 85, 94, 95, 96, 
97, 98, 106, 112, 114, 128, 
144, 146, 148, 151, 152, 157, 
158, 171, 174, 175, 178, 192, 
194, 199, 202, 215, 216, 221, 
222, 223, 224, 225, 238, 241, 
242, 247, 259, 262, 265, 267, 
283, 285, 297, 302, 307, 308, 
328, 350, 351, 352, 366, 372, 
379), 381). 387,, 395, 1396; 398), 
404, 411, 412, 416, 417, 418, 
442, 454, 457, 464, 465,,474 
483,,494, 495, 502, 511, 515, 
521, 530, 539, 550, 554, 562, 
571, 572, 579, 588, 589, 596, 
603, 612, 615, 620, 626, 633, 
636, 640, 641, 646, 654, 657, 
662, 668, 682, 683, 688, 696, 
(OG) Ota 2iinbeo SO nino. 
742, 749, 755, 762, 772, 773, 
778, 792, 795, 800, 806, 807, 
811, 817, 825, 829, 838, 839, 
845, 850, 856, 861, 864, 868, 
869, 877, 880, 884, 889, 893, 
898, 929, 943, 945, 946, 957, 
970, 983, 985, 986, 996, 997, 
1009, 1010, 1012, 1014, 1024, 
1026, 1028 


Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis 
(greenhouse thrips) 568, 879 

Hellula rogatalis (cabbage webworm) 
783, 929 


Hemerocampa sp. 
882, 987 


Hemerocampa leucostigma 

seaman (Ghittesmaciod tussock moth) 
109, 545, 820, 835, 1015 

Hemerocampa pseudotsugata 


Douglas-fir tussock moth) 

25, 250, 431, 546 
Hemerocampa vetusta (western 

tussock moth) 260 
Hemileuca maia (buck moth) 

1015 


Hemipeplus marginipennis (a cucujid) 
969 


Hemitarsonemus latus (broad mite) 
972 

Hercothrips fasciatus (bean thrips) 
697 


Hesperotettix sp. (a grasshopper) 
645 


Heterocampa ttivitta (saddled 
prominent) 197, 437, 724 

Heterocampa manteo (variable oak 
leaf caterpillar) 155, 437, 


724, 1015 
Heterococcus graminicola (a mealybug) 
264, 863 


Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst 
nenatwist 53, 125, 144, 170, 
210, 286, 295, 339, 448, 560, 
693, 815, 848, 891, 964, 1021 

Heterodera rostochiensis (golden 
nematode) 323, 453, 587, 1022 

Heterostylum robustum (an alkali bee 
parasite) 492, 520 

Hieroglyphus banian (rice 
grasshopper) 140 

Hippelates spp. (eye gnats) 
99, 458, 491, 853 


Hippelates collusor 
181, 491, 790, 853 


Hippelates dorsalis 
853 


Hippodamia spp. 
220, 492, 805 


Hippodamia convergens (convergent 
lady beetle) 46, 82, 120, 112, 
136, 146, 177, 269, 282, 370, 
595, 727, 838, 854, 867, 882, 
897, 932, 942, 956, 969, 982, 
Eapredconte parenthesis 
110, 237 


Hippodamia tridecimpunctata 
370 

Hispa armigera 

; (see Dicladispa armigera) 

Homadaula albizziae (mimosa 
webworm) 7, 99, 155, 244, 354, 
373, 435, 593, 618, 639, 659, 
703, 725, 746, 769, 789, 804, 
820, 836, 853, 867, 895, 1014, 


1028 
Homalodisca triquetra (a leafhopper) 
até 


Homoeosoma electellum (sunflower 
moth) 77, 85 

Hoplocampa brevis (pear sawfly) 
573, 

Hoplocampa testudinea (European 
apple sawfly) 673 

Horistonotus uhlerii (sand wireworm) 


97, 284 

Hormostes reflexulus (a plant bug) 
276 

Horogenes punctorius (a parasite) 
194, 755 

Hortensia similis (a leafhopper) 
221 

Hyalomma dromedarii (camel tick) 
140 

Hyalopteroides dactylidis (an aphid) 
57, 945 


Hyalopterus arundinis (mealy plum 
aphid) 80, 248, 305, 652 
Hyalopterus atriplicis 
934 
Hybomitra sp. (a tabanid) 
594 
Hydrellia griseola (a rice leaf 
miner) 304, 310 
Hydrobaenus sp. (a midge) 
456 


Hydroecia micacea 
972 


Hylastinus obscurus (clover root 
borer) 153, 191, 224, 246, 
264, 352, 397, 605, 690, 863, 
998 

Hylemya spp. 
1010 

Hylemya antiqua (onion maggot) 
Wii Boles) (1965620350210), 
249, 267, 297, 344, 388, 411, 
454, 485, 512, 541, 564, 588, 
613,. 655, 675, 697, 801, 865, 
881, 933, 947, 972, 999, 1027 

Hylemya brassicae (cabbage maggot) 
10, 60, 149, 151, 196, 226, 
267, 298, 366, 410, 452, 512, 
675, 865 

Hylemya cerealis 
201, 318, 336, 360, 380, 448 

Hylemya cilicrura (seed-corn maggot) 
9, 81, 85, 166, 175, 187, 194, 
202, 203, 212, 226, 267, 297, 
308, 322, 339, 359, 390, 444, 
476, 504, 514, 587, 655, 893, 
933, 934, 947, 972, 1010 

Hylemya floralis (turnip maggot) 
93350934 


Hylemya fugax 
512 


Hylemya lupini 
93 


Hylephila phylaeus (a skipper) 
607 


Hylobius spp. 
427 


Hylobius pales (pales weevil) 
4540UD55 559), 369 wale; wa kos, 
428, 459, 517, 547, 568, 852, 
931 

Hylobius radicis (pine root collar 
weevil) 118, 197, 400, 428 


- 22 - 


Hylotrupes bajulus (old house borer) 
32, 61, 150, 156, 237, 245, 
493, 549, 595, 932, 969 

Hylurgopinus rufipes (native elm 
bark beetle) 415, 679 

Hypera sp. = 
131 

Hypera brunneipennis (Egyptian 
alfalfa weevil) 165, 180, 209, 
445 

Hypera meles 
337, 383, 395, 397, 505, 582 

Hypera nigrirostris (lesser clover 
leaf weevil) 57, 76, 111, 191, 
224, 233, 247, 264, 276, 286, 
303, 319, 338, 352, 361, 382, 
397, 406, 446, 506, 533, 582, 
628, 649, 691, 813, 939, 1001, 
1013, 1025 

Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil) 
GUS R22 hase lon ods Oo); 
76, 79, 96, 108, 110, 134, 136, 
137, 140, 144, 151, 152, 185, 
200, 209, 233, 240, 246, 258, 
264, 277, 294, 303, 318, 336, 
360, 381, 397, 405, 444, 477, 
505, 532, 557, 581, 604, 629, 
649, 670, 691, 714, 738, 758, 
(80), 4813)) 891939), (9445, 9535 
963, 972, 998, 1001, 1012 

Hypera punctata (clover leaf weevil) 
11D 4452 Sh, LOL. sacal, 
241, 246, 257, 264, 276, 286, 
294, 303, 319, 337, 352, 361, 
381, 397, 405, 445, 477, 1013, 
1025 

Hyperaspis binotata (a coccinellid) 
435 

Hyperaspis signata 
435 

Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm) 
7, 45, 60, 80, 85, 94, 95, 98, 
109), 11457149. 0155)," 158, vit, 
178, 197, 268, 354, 392, 460, 
482, 510, 546, 562, 585, 611, 
617, 632, 638, 653, 659, 679, 
695, 702, 718, 723, 724, 740, 
745, 768, 782, 789, 799, 819, 
833, 852, 879, 986, 987, 999, 
1014, 1028 

Hypoderma spp. 
31, 55, 73, 90, 105, 109, 146, 
168, 189, 214, 223, 261, 300, 
325, 348, 370, 393, 458, 492, 
569, 594, 660, 747, 968, 987, 
995, 1023 

Hypoderma bovis (northern cattle 
grub) 86, 155, 168, 214, 251, 
261, 300, 393, 492, 948, 968, 
1002 

Hypoderma lineatum (common cattle 

Seah) ae 86, 99, 105, 127, 
146, 155, 160, 168, 172, 176, 
203, 214, 251, 261, 393, 492, 
548, 594, 948, 968, 1002 


Hyponomeuta padella (ermine moth) 
134 


Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion 
Scale) 24, 132, 134, 139, 159, 
180, 187, 281, 306, 309, 941, 
968, 982, 995, 1021 

Ichthyura inclusa (poplar tent 
maker) 836, 853 

Idiocerus spp. 
141 

Idiocerus stali (pistachio 
leafhopper) 135 

Incurvaria rubiella (raspberry moth) 
355, 

Ips spp. (engraver beetles) 
26, 220, 299, 392, 415, 421, 
426, 427, 638, 658, 702, 746, 
803, 820, 851, 966, 987 

Ips avulsus 
154, 159, 299, 427, 930 


Ips calligraphus 
154, 159, 299, 427, 930 


Ips confusus 
85, 427 
ips grandicollis 
159, 299, 427, 746, 930 
Ips interpunctus 
421, 427 
Ips lecontei 
425, 427, 568 
Ips pini (pine engraver) 
95, 346, 392, 400, 746 
Ips plastographus 
966, 995 


Ips ponderosae 
425, 427 


Irbisia spp. (plant bugs) 
247, 304, 518 
Iridomyrmex humilis (Argentine ant) 


681 

Ischnodemus falicus (a lygaeid bug) 
245 

Isotoma cinerea (a collembola) 
31 

Isotomurus palustris (a collembola) 
323 


Itonida balsamicola (balsam gall 
midge) 100, 1011 


K 


Kakothrips pisivorus (pea thrips) 


121 
Kalotermes approximatus 
223 


Kalotermes minor (a dry-wood 
termite) mei ates 


Keiferia glochinella (eggplant leaf 
TED) 834 


Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato 
Pinworm) 72, 307, 483, 696, 
834 

Kermes spp. (scale insects) 
115, 119, 547, 1028 

Kermes bougei 
836 

Kermes galliformis 
159, 281 


Kermes pubescens 
ee pubescens: 


L 


Labrorychus sp. (a parasite) 


269 
Lachnus salignus (horned aphid) 
329 


Lacinipolia renigera (bristly 
cutworm) 320 


Lactilia coccidivora 
(a lepidopteron) 435 
Laemophloeus spp. (grain beetles) 
25, 660 


Laemophloeus ferrugineus (rusty 
grain beetle) 8 


Laemophloeus pusillus (flat grain 
beetle) 8, 135, 177, 681, 897, 
932, 956, 1023 

Lamprolonchea aurea (a black fly) 
139 

Laphygma exigua (beet armyworm) 
44, 134, 136, 140, 178, 180, 
187, 303, 443, 457, 477, 483, 
487, 504, 514, 556, 562, 586, 
615, 653, 668, 674, 697, 714, 
736, 741, 783, 800, 831, 833, 
834, 846, 862, 865, 928, 1000 

Laphygma frugiperda (fall armyworm) 
7, 43, 56, 84, 94, 97, 98, 106, 
112, 128, .146, 152, 157, 158; 
171, 173, 192, 194, 199, 202, 
215); (217) 22, 1223, 2o4no ss. 
241, 262, 275, 283, 285, 302, 
307, 351, 359, 373, 382, 398, 
399, 404, 444, 464, 465, 477, 
502, 555, 580, 603, 628, 635, 
649, 669, 688, 712, 729, 730, 
736, 742, 749, 756, 763, 772, 
778, 792, 796, 800, 806, 811, 
825, 829, 838, 839, 846, 850, 
856, 861, 869, 877, 884, 889, 
898, 927, 929, 943, 957, 970, 
985, 1012, 1014, 1026 


Largus cinctus (a plant bug) 
745, 767 
Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette 


beetle) 136, 159, 245 


Lasioptera vitis (a grape tomato 
gall) 148, 399 


Laspeyresia caryana (hickory 
shuckworm) 94, 277, 740, 929, 
964, 980, 994 


Laspeyresia funebrana (plum frui 
moth) 989 


Laspeyresia nigricana (pea moth) 
267 


Latrodectus mactans (black widow 
spider) 25, 31, 61, 106, 309 
804, 853, 948, 1015 

Lecanium spp. 
366 

Lecanium- cerasorum (calico scale) 
304, 325 

Lecanium corni (European fruit 
lecanium) 24, 60, 104, 265, 
304, 311, 325, 399, 409, 450, 
481, 490, 493, 518, 561, 584, 
610, 632, 746, 867, 972, 999 

Lecanium coryli 


141 
Lecanium nigrofasciatum 
680 


Lecanium pruinosum 
303, 304, 311, 986 
Lecanium quercifex 
159, 346, 461, 547 
Lema melanopa (a leaf beetle) 
47 


Lema trilineata (three-lined potato 
beetle) 149, 611 

Leperisinus aculeatus (a bark beetle) 
345 


Lepidoglyphus cadaverum (a grain 
mi Ee G60 

Lepidophorus lineaticollis (a weevil) 
934 


Lepidosaphes beckii (purple scale) 
134, 139, 171, 258, 329 


Lepidosaphes camelliae (camellia 
scale) 179 

Lepidosaphes ceanothi 
189 


Lepidosaphes destefanii 
341 


Lepidosaphes ficus (fig scale) 
538 


Lepidosaphes gloverii (Glover scale) 
134 

Lepidosaphes ulmi (oystershell scale) 
22), (60), 114, 117, 119, 149, 
165, 203, 226, 251, 268, 348, 
393, 461, 490, 569, 632, 703, 
789, 799, 948, 956, 982, 1002 

Lepisma saccharina (silverfish) 
933 

Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado 
potato beetle) 7, 21, 60, 81, 
95, 113, 148, 151, 154, 172, 
175, 242, 249, 267, 279, 297, 
323, 343, 366, 386, 398, 409, 
454, 482, 511, 539, 562, 586, 
611, 654, 674, 696, 719, 762, 
783, 800, 833, 947, 986, 1014 

Leptocoris trivittatus (boxelder 
bug) 17, 25, 56, 147, 168, 190, 
197, 214, 253, 261, 327, 354, 
805, 833, 897 


Leptoglossus spp. 
482 


Leptoglossus phyllopus (leaf-footed 
bug) 95, 157, 158, 242, 603, 
781, 796, 830, 849 

Leptopterna dolabratus (meadow plant 
bug) 23, 397, 534 

Leptopterna ferrugatus (a mirid) 
945 


Leptoypha minor (an ash tingid) 
309 


Lepyronia quadrangularis 
Ca AURA) 630 
Leucinodes orbonalis (brinjal borer) 


141 


eucoptera coffeella (a leaf miner) 
329 


— 23 


Leucothrips theobromae (a thrips) 


330 
Ligyrus gibbosus (carrot beetle) 
370, 865 


Limenitis sp. (a brush-footed 
butterfly) 461 

Limnobaris calandriformis (a weevil) 
329 

Limonius spp. 

Tl Oss EEG, Sao) 

Limonius californicus (sugar-beet 
wireworm) 166, 265, 604, 654 

Limonius canus (Pacific Coast 
Wireworm) 265, 267 

Limothrips cerealium (grain thrips) 
407 

Lineaspis cupressi (a scale insect) 
260, 995 

Linognathus vituli (long-nosed 
cattle louse) 109, 282 

Linsleya sphaericollis (a blister 
beetle) 23 


Lipaphis erysimi (an aphid) 
ee erysimi 


Lipoptena cervi (a louse fly) 
594 


Lipoptena depressa 
594 


Liposcelis divinatorius (booklouse) 
595 

Liriomyza spp. (leaf miners) 
7, 98, 154, 171, 180, 259, 
308; 310}, 398), (513), 5355607, 
820, 941 


Liriomyza brassicae 
Y 


Liriomyza dianthi 
282 

Liriomyza guytoni 
158, 367 


Liriomyza langei (pea leaf miner) 
308, 310 


Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice 
water weevil) 221, 629 

Listroderes costirostris obliquus 
(vegetable weevil) 45, 72, 
95,797); 1055/8126 ,,-1545 167, 
188, 212, 235, 243, 259, 260, 
279, 280, 295, 308, 323, 343, 
366, 388, 389, 411, 454, 456, 
485, 565, 965 

Listronotus oregonensis (carrot 
weevil) 484, 801, 849, 994 

Lithocolletis sp. (a tentiform 
leaf miner) 80 

Litoprosopus coachella (a fan palm 
mot) 791, 822 

Lixus sp. (a sugar-beet stem borer) 
134 

Lobesia botrana (vine moth) 
135, 138, 139 

Lobiopa insularis (a sap beetle) 
45, 485 

Locusta sp. (a grasshopper) 
137 

Loxagrotis albicosta (western bean 
cutworm) 114, 202 

Loxostege spp. (webworms) 
109, 174, 189, 360, 407, 479, 
508, 555, 559, 672, 691, 714, 
Wotan Wola oLe. 

Loxostege commixtalis (alfalfa 
webworm) lll, 448, 532, 672, 
797, 846 

Loxostege similalis (garden webworm) 
23, 44, 111, 191, 217, 286, 
302, 508, 533, 543, 555, 559, 
566, 580, 606, 635, 650, 669, 
691, 758, 766, 779, 1012 

Loxostege sticticalis (beet webworm) 
20, 22, 24, 86, 114, 202, 203, 
249, 367, 455, 484, 511, 531, 
540, 555, 563, 588, 605, 613, 
633, 650, 653, 672, 674, 691, 
697, 714, 719, 783, 797, 830, 
834, 971, 985, 1001 

Luperodes bivittatus (a chrysomelid) 
610 

Luperodes brunneus (corn silk 


beetle) 627 


Lyctus spp. (lyctus beetles) 
106, 156, 463, 942 
Lyctus brunneus 


Lyctus linearis 


1023 


Lyctus planicollis (southern lyctus 
beetle) 56, 106, 245 

Lydella sp. (a parasite) 
626 


Lydella grisescens 
194, 668, 755 

Lygus spp. (lygus bugs) 
Zoe COs CLs LOS, 
VU. LSI 209), 2347) 250), 257., 
276, 294, 304, 308, 320, 338, 
362, 389, 406, 413, 446, 455, 
457, 478, 507, 545, 567, 606, 
612, 629, 649, 657, 670, 677, 
678, 692, 697, 700, 716, 723, 
738, 744, 759, 767, 781, 786, 
798, 813, 832, 847, 986, 998, 
999) 

Lygus artiflavis 
533 

Lygus desertus 
247, 944 

Lygus elisus 
84, 85, 104, 247, 265, 266, 
267, 294, 297, 338, 383, 478, 
507, 533, 558, 585, 606, 670, 
678, 692, 700, 716, 944, 946 

Lygus hesperus 
84, 85, 180, 181, 247, 263, 
266, 267, 294, 297, 338, 362, 
383, 478, 507, 533, 558, 585, 
606, 670, 678, 692, 700, 716, 
944 

Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant 
bug) 44, 57, 59, 111, 175, 
191, 194, 225, 276, 286, 294, 
296, 320, 321, 338, 340, 352, 
362, 365, 367, 383, 384, 397, 
399, 406, 446, 478, 507, 533, 
545, 558, 567, 582, 590, 606, 
616, 629, 636, 649, 653, 670, 
678, 692, 700, 716, 738, 759, 
813, 832, 834, 847, 891, 930, 
93975,;950;5; LO 1013),.01025, 
1027 

Lygus shulli 
533 

Lymire edwardsii (a wasp moth) 
632 


Lytta cyanipennis (a blister beetle) 
23 

Lytta stygica 
23 


M 


Macremphytus sp. (a dogwood sawfly) 
400 


Macrocentrus gifuensis (a parasite) 
398 

Macrodactylus subspinosus (rose 
chafer) 150, 591, 639, 1011 

Macronoctua onusta (iris borer) 


115 


Macrophya pluricincta (a sawfly) 
380, 405 


Macrosiphoniella sanborni 
(chrysanthemum aphid) 942 
Macrosiphum spp. (aphids) 
582 


Macrosiphum barri 
30, 249 


Macrosiphum dirhodum 
(ones ta! 


Macrosiphum anarium (English 

grain aphid) 29, 77, 79, 108, 
113, 140, 174, 180, 200, 209, 
233, 247, 257, 264, 275, 285, 
293, 317, 336, 360, 380, 404, 
443, 475, 504, 531, 556, 581, 
605, 628, 713, 737, 812, 927, 
945, 954, 985, 993, 997, 1013, 
1027 


Macrosiphum liriodendri (tuliptree 
aphid) 1015 

Macrosiphum pelargonii 
513 

Macrosiphum pisi (pea aphid) 
GEIS eda 7 DO Gens OL 
845589 108 so 1 Las Ohss, 
131, 152, 158, 174, 180, 185, 
191, 195, 200, 201, 203, 209, 
212, 217, 224, 234, 247, 249, 
257, 264, 266, 276, 286, 294, 
303; 3195/3382. 361,, 382, 397, 
406, 410, 446, 452, 478, 484, 
507, 512, 534, 540, 558, 564, 
582, 587, 606, 612, 630, 634, 
649, 654, 671, 691, 715, 738, 
758, 780, 797, 813, 832, 846, 
863, 878, 890, 928, 939, 944, 
953, 996, 980, 984, 993, 997, 
1001, 1012, 1025, 1028 

Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid) 
8550559 145," 167.,;. 2135. 236; 
251, 260, 300, 369, 461, 547, 
948, 1008 

Macrosiphum rudbeckiarum 
30 


Macrosiphum solanifolii (potato 
aphid) 10, 98, 202, 225, 249, 
307, 329, 386, 398, 453, 483, 
512, 539, 563, 585, 586, 611, 
653, 696, 720, 741, 742, 817, 
948, 1011, 1014 

Macrosteles spp. 
397 

Macrosteles fascifrons (six-spotted 
Ieafhopper) 20, 108, 109, 111, 
TS, 1165. T5070, 1995, 202, 
203, 226, 285, 397, 398, 407, 
445, 479, 484, 504, 532, 558, 
588; 611, 650, 671, 721, 739, 
742, 764, 817, 881, 947, 972, 
1007, 1014 

Magdalis acilis (a black fruit 
tree weevil) 449 

Magicicada septendecim (periodical 
cicada) 58, 60, 153, 155, 244, 
39d, (3035) OLS 

Malacosoma spp. (tent caterpillars) 
8457095), 109,132), 299), 306, 
311, 346, 369, 392, 415, 436, 
460, 546 

Malacosoma americanum (eastern tent 
caterpillar) 7, 10, 57, 58, 60, 
95, 149, 167, 175, 179, 189, 
197, 277, 299, 324, 327, 341, 
3463/3695 373,,-392; 415, 416) 
468, 488, 592, 1011, 1015, 
1028 

Malacosoma disstria (forest tent 
caterpillar) 196, 250, 268, 
299, 346, 369, 392, 415, 421, 
436, 459, 488, 517, 546, 569, 
591, 617, 947, 966, 1000 

Malacosoma fragilis (Great Basin 
tent caterpillar) 203, 436, 
460, 947, 987 

Malacosoma neustria (lackey moth) 
101 

Malacosoma pluviale (western tent 
caterpillar) 268, 299, 346, 


1000 

Mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth) 
873 

Margarodes sp. 
178 

Margarodes meridionalis (a ground 
pearl) 879 

Matsucoccus resinosae (red-pine 
scale) 436 

Matsucoccus vexillorum 
435 


Megacyllene robiniae (locust borer) 
4, 60, 176, 896, 948 

Megalopyge sp. 
244, 799 

Megalopyge opercularis (puss 
caterpillar) 179, 855, 931, 
955 


Megastigmus spp. 
428 


eye 


Megastigmus pistaciae (a pistachio 
nut borer) 135 


Megatoma spp. (dermestids) 
269 


Megaxyela langstoni (a sawfly) 
482 


Melalgus confertum (a twig borer) 
585 

Melanagromyza simplex (asparagus 
miner) 267, 801, 1014 

Melanagromyza virens 
805 

Melanocallis caryaefoliae (black 
pecan aphid) 84, 158, 171, 
782, 816, 879, 954 

Melanophila californica (California 
flatheaded borer) 420, 428, 
981 

Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers) 
76, 108, 191, 199, 217, 241, 
359, 379, 403, 501, 554, 577, 
601, 645, 667, 687, 773, 777, 
861, 939, 997, 1027 

Melanoplus angustipennis 
667, 777 

Melanoplus bilituratus (migratory 
grasshopper) 19, 23, 112, 173, 
194, 199, 247, 265, 286, 293, 
317, 359, 379, 403, 441, 473, 
SOU 52 Oo ODS O Mili COOL O02, 
625, 645, 667, 687, 711, 735, 
7717, 795, 807, 811, 815, 829, 
845, 855, 861, 877, 889, 944, 
953, 1002 

Melanoplus bivittatus (two-striped 
grasshopper) 112, 116, 173, 
194, 199, 247, 265, 317, 359, 
379, 403, 441, 473, 529, 536, 
55S Det GOL 5 629))56at, moto; 
667, 687, 711, 735, 755, 777, 
811, 829, 845, 855, 877, 889, 
944, 1002 


Melanoplus borealis 
944 


Melanoplus cinereus 
135 

Melanoplus devastator (devastating 
grasshopper) 441, 536, 554, 
577, 645, 667, 755, 777 

Melanoplus differentialis 
(differential grasshopper) 100, 
ally lay alee seria 2 RE 
317, 359, 403, 441, 473, 529, 
553, 577, 601, 625, 637, 645, 
667, 687, 711, 735, 755, 777, 
795, 829, 845, 855, 877, 1026 

Melanoplus femur-rubrum (red-legged 
grasshopper) 19, 100, 108, 
112, 116, 194, 199, 247, 275, 
286, 352, 379, 403, 441, 473, 
529, 553, 577, 601, 625, 637, 
645, 667, 687, 711, 735, 755, 
777, 795, 811, 815, 845, 855, 
877, 889, 944, 1002 

Melanoplus foedus 
667, 777 

Melanoplus occidentalis 
Aa 

Melanoplus packardii (Packard 
grasshopper) 19, 173, 199, 
247, 265, 553, 601, 625, 687, 
877, 944, 1002 


Melanoplus viridipes 


A473 
Melanotus spp. (wireworms) 
107, 284 


Meligethes nigrescens (a nitidulid) 
79, 606, 693, 998 


Melipotis acontioides (a noctuid) 
593 


Melissopus latiferreanus 
(filbertworm) 80, 278, 585, 
928, 999 

Melittia cucurbitae (squash vine 
borer) 114, 149, 158, 564, 
1014 

Melolontha melolontha (a chafer) 
138 


Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) 
4,22, 161,078, 86,) 203,).236, 
261, 282, 300, 325, 548, 747, 
821, 853, 986, 948, 988, 1011 
Menopon gallinae (shaft louse) 
31 


Merisus destructor (a parasite) 
690 

Mermeria spp. (grasshoppers) 
199, 577, 667, 687 

Meromyza americana (wheat stem 
maggot) 286 

Meromyza pratorum 
79 

Meromyza saltatrix 
79 

Mesogramma polita (a syrphid) 
690, 713 : 


Mestobregma sp. (a grasshopper) 
601 


Metamasius sericeus (a weevil) 
329 

Metcalfiella sp. (a treehopper) 
329 

Metcalfiella pubescens 
329 

Metriona sp. 
175 

Metriona bicolor (golden tortoise 
beetle) 158, 655, 695, 986, 
1014 

Miccotrogus picirostris (clover 
seed weevil) 246, 445, 506, 
557, 582, 715, 945, 998, 1025 

Microphanurus semistriatus 
(@ parasite) 136 

Microtermes obesi (a termite) 
140, 141 

Microtheca ochroloma (yellow- 
margined leaf beetle) 45, 105, 
158 

Milax gagates (greenhouse slug) 
258 


Mindarus abietinus (balsam twig 
aphid) 119, 490 

Mocis spp. (grassworms) 

"Tee gal 


Mocis latipes 
97, 798 


Monarthropalpus buxi (boxwood leaf 
~ miner) 167, 260, 325, 461 
Monellia californica 
816 
Monellia caryae 
~ 584, 816, 820 
Monellia costalis (black-margined 
aphid) 77, 84, 482, 584, 782, 
816, 879, 928, 954 
Monellia nigropunctata 
816 
Monochamus marmorator (balsam-fir 
sawyer) 119 
Monochamus titillator (southern pine 


Sawyer) 179, 245, 459 
Monophadnoides geniculatus 
(raspberry Sawfly) 117 
Mordwilkoja vagabunda (poplar 
vagabond aphid) 24, 947 
Murgantia histrionica (harlequin 
bug) 114, 343, 410, 604, 634, 
720, 783, 800, 986, 1014 
Musca domestica (house fly) 
46, 61, 86, 99, 109, 115, 138, 
150), 51, 1555919732005 8223; 
245, 309, 354, 458, 491, 519, 
548, 594, 790, 837, 853, 867, 
948, 1015 
Mycodiplosis alternata (dogwood 
club-gall midge) 400 
Myiopardalis pardalina (Baluchistan 
melon fly) 134, 137 


Myllocerus undecimpustulatus 
maculosus (cotton gray weevil) 


141 
Myochrous sp. (a chrysomelid) 
293 


Myrmeleon spp. (a predator) 
704 


*Metoponia rubriceps (an Australian 


sod fly) 954 


Myzocallidium riehmi (sweetclover 
aphid) 20, 44, 191, 247, 286, 
363, 407, 447, 520, 535, 559, 
582, 691, 945, 1025 
Myzocallis californicus (an aphid) 
350/78 Ona 


Myzocallis coryli 
81, 258 


Myzocallis maureri 
30 


Myzocallis tiliae 
1012 


Myzocallis trifolii (yellow clover 
aphid) 286 
Myzocallis ulmifolii (elm leaf aphid) 
24, 85, 176, 490, 517, 769, 882 
Myzus ascalonicus (an aphid) 
389, ee rte 
Myzus cerasi (black cherry aphi 
24, 80, 234, 248, 296, 340, 
482, 509, 538, 561, 584, 679, 


694, 998 
Myzus leucocrini 
30 


Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) 
77, 80, 97, 98, 126, 141, 154, 
165, 166, 171, 172, 175, 180, 
187, 202, 203, 210, 211, 248, 
260, 265, 267, 280, 296, 297, 
298, 305, 307, 321, 323, 340, 
344, 353, 365, 368, 384, 386, 
389, 408, 449, 453, 456, 482, 
483, 486, 514, 538, 541, 561, 
585, 586, 588, 589, 611, 614, 
635, 653, 655, 676, 696, 720, 
721, 740, 742, 764, 783, 800, 
802, 817, 835, 849, 879, 891, 
893, 929, 964, 985, 995, 999, 
1011, 1014, 1022 

Myzus solani (foxglove aphid) 
10, 98, 585, 611, 653, 696, 
742, 1011 


Nabis spp. (damsel bugs) 
46, 78, 109, 190, 237, 282, 
326, 370, 394, 463, 492, 549, 
570, 595, 619, 704, 747, 790, 
805, 838, 854, 867, 882, 897, 
932, 942, 956, 988, 996 

Nabis ferus 
727 

Nacerdes melanura (wharf borer) 
150 


Necrobia rufipes (red-legged ham 
beetle) 520 


Nematus ribesii (imported 
currantworm) 452 

Nematus ventralis (willow sawfly) 
568, 724, 786, 836, 1015 


Nemocestes incomptus (a raspberry 
bud weevil) 266 


Neoborus amoenus (ash plant bug) 
Taree = able) 
Neoborus illitus 


303, 309 ( 

Neoclytus capraea (an ash tree 
borer) 114 

Neoconocephalus spp. (cone-headed 
grasshoppers) 43, 44, 601, 625 

Neodiprion spp. (sawflies) 
7, 60, 114, 369, 415, 433, 434, 
490, 546, 786, 941 

Neodiprion abbotii 
172 

Neodiprion abietis (balsam-fir 
sawfly) 434 

Neodiprion excitans 
16, 172, 433, 546, 852 

Neodiprion fabricii 
220 

Neodiprion lecontei (red-headed 
pine sawfly) 55, 95, 119, 155, 
172, 179, 222, 354, 433, 593, 
638, 724, 745, 786, 803, 820, 
852, 881, 895 


a AS 


Neodiprion maurus 
434 


Neodiprion nanulus (red-pine sawfly) 
172, 434, 459, 546 


Neodiprion pinetum (white-pine 
sawfly) 193, 244, 434, 768, 
955 


Neodiprion pratti 
433, 459, 617, 995 


Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus 
433 
Neodiprion sertifer (European pine 
Sawfly) 226, 392, 415, 433, 
459, 490, 516, 546 
Neodiprion taedae 
324, 724 
Neodiprion taedae linearis 
299, 369, 433, 638 
Neodiprion tsugae (hemlock sawfly) 
25, 268, 421, 434 
Neodiprion virginiana 
369 


Neolecanium cornuparvum (magnolia 
Scale) 244, 490 

Neolygus spp.(plant bugs) 
482, 


8 
Neolygus caryae (hickory plant bug) 
ee 225, 450, 510 


Neolygus omnivagus 
225, 450, 510 


Neolygus quercalbae 
225, 450 

Neophasia menapia (pine butterfly) 
B2, 251, 432 

Nephelodes emmedonia (bronzed 
cutworm) 286, 971 

Nephopteryx subcaesiella (locust 
leaf roller) 679 

Nepticula juglandifoliella (a leaf 
miner) 718 

Nepticula promisa 
135 

Nezara viridula (southern green 
stink bug) 43, 95, 97, 157, 
178, 218, 350, 484, 486, 581, 
588, 604, 965 

Nilotaspis halli (Hall scale) 
258, 322 

Nomia melanderi (an alkali bee) 
82, 269, 326, 520, 548, 849, 
1000 

Nomophilia noctuella 
613, 758, 799, 852, 883 

Norape cretata (a flannel moth) 
158, 244 

Nuculaspis californica (a scale 
insect) 435, 852 

Nygmia phaeorrhoea (brown-tail moth) 
OamLOnGloameloN S24 

Nymphalis antiopa (mourning-cloak 
butterfly) 24, 78, 109, 197, 
309, 324, 346, 518, 568, 592, 
703, 987 

Nysius spp. (false chinch bugs) 
86, 166, 323, 361, 455, 540, 
549, 582, 595, 647, 692, 700, 
711, 737, 756, 779, 798, 812, 
822, 830, 881, 945 

Nysius ericae (false chinch bug) 
306, 476, 508, 630, 670, 692, 
113), s(3t, 863, \878 

Nysius raphanus 


84, 985 
O 


Oberea bimaculata (raspberry cane 
borer) 99, 117, 196, 241 


Oberea tripunctata (dogwood twig 
borer) 269, 538, 747 

Ocneria terebynthina (a hairy 
caterpillar) 135 

Odontotermes obesus (a termite) 
141 

Oebalus pugnax (rice stink bug) 
44, 221, 233, 383, 405, 476, 


628, 690, 714, 737, 757, 779, 
797 


Oecanthus sp. 
602 

Oecanthus niveus (snowy tree cricket) 
197, 658, 678 _ 

Oeciacus vicarius (swallow bug) 
618 

Oedaleonotus enigma (a grasshopper) 
247, 265, 403, 441, 473, 536, 
553, 577, 687, 979 

Oestrus ovis (sheep bot fly) 
4, 86, 99, 168, 726, 1023 

Oiketicus townsendi (a bagworm) 


85, 703 

Oliarus truncatus (a fulgorid) 
748 

Oligia fractilinea (lined stalk 
borer) 247 

Oligonychus spp. (spider mites) 
8, 244, 796 


Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Old World 
date mite) 135 


QOligonychus bicolor 
679, 725, 789, 1015 
Oligonychus coniferarum 
659, 987 
Oligonychus ilicis (southern red 
mite) 8, 400, 609, 679, 1008 
QOligonychus milleri 
213 


Oligonychus platani 
704, 804 


Oligonychus pratensis (date mite) 
85, 264, 445, 877 


Oligonychus punicae 
305 


Oligonychus stickneyi 
84, 647, 669, 330, 889, 985 


Oligonychus ununguis (a spruce spider 
mite) 26, 226, 251, 400, 420, 
428, 568, 593, 617, 836, 895, 
1025 


Oligonychus yothersi (avocado red 
mite) 329 
Olla abdominalis (a lady beetle) 


282 

Ollarianus strictus (a leafhopper) 
941 

Ommatissus binotatus (a fulgorid) 
13 55m 3 7 


Oumatopteryx texana (a crambid) 
1 
Onychiurus pseudofimetarius 

(a springtail) 344 


Operophtera brumata (winter moth) 
972 


cer geera occidentalis 
0) 


Ophryastes vittatus (a weevil) 
84 


Opsiphanes tamarindi 
329 


Orgyia antigua (rusty tussock moth) 
$93 


Orius spp. (predators) 
112, 394, 463, 492, 549, 570, 
616, 681, 704, 748, 790 
Orius insidiosus 
110, 220, 790, 821 
Orius tristicolor 
252, 549, 747 


Ornithonyssus bacoti (tropical rat 
mite) 72, 90, 105, 1023 
Ornithonyssus sylviarum (northern 
fowl mite) 190 

Orosius albicinctus (a sesame 
leafhopper) 136 

Orthezia insignis (greenhouse 
orthezia) 836 

Oryctes elegans (date stem borer) 
137 

Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw- 
toothed grain) 8, 25, 83, 86, 
90, 99, 135, 177, 220, 245, 
251, 269, 660, 805, 897, 932 

Oscinella nitidissima ( a 
chloropid stem maggot) 264 

Otobius megnini (ear tick) 
86, 127, 177, 261, 790, 837, 
931, 948, 987 


Pachylobius spp. (weevils) 
427 

Pachylobius picivorus (a pine 
weevil) 159, 428 

Pachynematus sporax ( a wheat 
sawfly) 257 

Pachypsylla celtidis-mamma 
Wieckberey nipple gall) 150, 
176, 369, 490, 518 ’ 

Pachypsylla celtidis-vesicula 
226 


Pachypsylla venusta 
282 


Pachystethus lucicola (a scarab) 
697 

Pachyzancla bipunctalis (southern 
beet webworm) 175, 179 

Pachyzancla phaeopteralis (a 
sod webworm) 43, 44, 171 

Pagiocerus fiorii (a beetle) 
330 

Paleacrita vernata (spring 
cankerworm) 114, 197, 341, 
393, 415, 460, 568, 1015 


Palleucothrips musae (red rust 
thrips) 329 


Palorus subdepressus (depressed 
flour beetle) 56 

Palpita unionalis (a pyralid) 
139 

Pandeleteius hilaris (a gray- 
sided oak weevil) 60 

Panolis flammea (pine moth) 
1017 

Panonychus citri (citrus red mite) 
104, 135, 138, 171, 306, 631, 
782 

Panonychus ulmi (European red mite) 
6, 9, 58, 60, 80, 100, 117, 
138, 151, 153, 187, 195, 224, 
225, 248, 266, 295, 305, 321, 
340, 352, 365, 384, 399, 408, 
449, 481, 509, 537, 561, 565, 
584, 585, 609, 631, 652, 673, 
694, 718, 761, 782, 799, 816, 
945, 998, 1010, 1013, 1027 

Pantomorus godmani (Fuller rose 
beetle) 90, 94, 98, 353, 482, 
882 

Pantomorus tessellatus 
488 

Papaipema sp. 
1010 ( : ) 

Papaipema nebris stalk borer 
9, 59, 117, 148, 150, 157, 216, 
353, 540, 591, 604, 616, 627, 
654, 657, 701, 1010, 1013 


Papilio sp. 
135 

Papilio demoleus (lemon butterfly) 
949 

Papilio demoleus demoleus 
949, 950 

Papilio demoleus malayanus 
949 

Papilio polyxenes asterius (celery- 
worm) 1014 


Parachlemensia acerifoliella 
maple leaf cutter) 100 

Paradalophora apiculata 
(a grasshopper) 359 

Paraleucoptera albella (a cotton- 
wood blotch leaf miner) 947 

Paralobesia viteana (grape berry 
moth) 148, 151, 218, 946 

Paramyelois transitella (navel 
orangeworm) 306, 879, 964, 
980, 1007 

Parargyractis kearfottalis (a 
pyralid moth) 247 

Paratanus yusti (a leafhopper) 
329 

Paratrioza cockerelli (potato 
psyllid) 22) 245 1097 Tiss 
1677, 180),.4200), 0202020350222), 
259, 297, 387, 453, 483, 511 
563, 586, 611, 633, 654, 674, 
696, 719, 741, 763, 801, 817, 
850, 880, 986, 1002 


Parcoblatta pennsylvanica 
(a wood Paaery 119 


- 26 - 


Paria sp. (a strawberry rootworm) 
200, 373, 449, 564, 818 

Parlatoria spp. 
137, 139 

Parlatoria blanchardi (parlatoria 
date scale) 135, 139 

Parlatoria camelliae 
518 

Parlatoria oleae (olive scale) 
15, 135, 139, 141, 309, 395, 
450, 740, 982 

Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale) 
Snipes isis 

Parlatoria ziziphus 
139 

Paromius longulus (a lygaeid) 
757 

Pealius kelloggi (a whitefly) 
127, 968, 980 

Pectinophora gossypiella (pink 
bollworm) 3, 16, 30, 54, 77, 
85, 89, 132, 133, 135, 141, 
145, 167, 176, 181, 212, 220, 
222, 281, 330, 345, 390, 412, 
457, 486, 515, 543, 566, 590, 
615, 636, 700, 744, 803, 819, 
835, 850, 855, 865, 869, 881, 
941, 965, 980, 987, 995, 1022 

Pegomya hyoscyami (spinach leaf 
miner) 7, 134, 149, 151, 250, 
398, 484, 513, 564, 588, 655, 
865, 1010 

Pegomya rubivora (raspberry cane 
maggot) 81, 266, 485 

Pempherulus affinis (cotton stem 
weevil) 731 

Pemphigus balsamiferae (a root 


aphid) 10 

Pemphigus bursarius 
618 

Pemphigus junctisensoriata 
30 


Pemphigus populi-ramulorum (poplar- 
twig gall aphid) 987 

Pemphigus populi-transversus 
poplar-petiole gall aphid) 


24, 965 
Pentamerismus  erythreus (a mite) 
26, 260 


Pentatrichopus fragaefolii 
(strawberry aphid) 248, 266, 
411, 818, 835, 850, 999 
Pentatrichopus thomasi 
30 


Penthaleus major (winter grain mite) 
E5s 74585), 200), 2095 2205 
233 jeetGs 2807 295, 00165) 939, 
979993) 

Peridroma margaritosa (variegated 
cutworm) 4, 22, 44, 56, 72, 81, 
84, 91, 106, 108, 109, 138, 
146, 174, 190, 215, 221, 235, 
238, 262, 283, 302, 303, 322, 
S28, 344 9350 oa soGUl 30), 
396, 405, 417, 418, 448, 455, 
464, 465, 479, 485, 490, 494, 
495, 506, 521, 535, 540, 550, 
559, 571, 572, 588, 596, 605, 
620, 634, 640, 641, 649, 662, 
682, 683, 693, 697, 706, 707, 
729, 730, 737, 749, 772, 780, 
783, 792, 806, 825, 838, 839, 
856, 869, 879, 884, 898, 943, 
945, 957, 970, 971, 983, 985, 
993, 997, 999, 1001, 1025 

Perimegatoma vespulae (a dermestid) 
31, 72, 90, 106, 309 

Periphyllus lyropictus (Norway 
maple aphid) 250, 268, 490, 
545, 724, 895, 947 

Periphyllus negundinis (boxelder 
aphid) 24, 325 

Periplaneta americana (American 
cockroach) 31, 138, 190, 252, 
463 

Periplaneta fuliginosa 
168, 520 

Petrobia apicalis 
44 


Petrobia latens (brow wheat mite) 
144, 174; 200, 201, 220246) 

303, 318, 336, 360, 443, 475, 
485, 502, 531, 557, 581, 675, 
927, 945, 993 

Petrova comstockiana (pitch twig 
moth) 118 

Phaenicia sericata (a green bottle 
fly) 61, 155 

Phenacaspis pinifoliae (pine 
needle scale) 21, 22, 24, 26, 
31, 60, 114, 150, 251, 260, 
268, 435, 490, 518, 547, 866, 
1002, 1028 

Phenacoccus aceris (apple 
mealybug) 9, 144, 234, 321, 
999, 1010 

Phenacoccus gossypii (Mexican 
mealybug) 982 

Phigalia titea (a looper) 
487 

Philaenus leucophthalmus 
(meadow spittlebug) 6, 9, 53, 
57, 59, 150, 152, 191, 194, 
223, 241, 247, 320, 322, 338, 
339, 351, 362, 373, 382, 397, 
407, 447, 478, 506, 513, 534, 
558, 582, 613, 629, 692, 698, 
716, 739, 759, 798, 814, 832, 
847, 933, 934, 953, 994, 999, 


1012, 1025 
Philea spp. (March flies) 
S799) 


Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum 
Ca grasshopper) anyARy at Ry. a2), 
359% Sit, 6005 637 

Phloeosinus dentatus (a juniper 
borer) 24 c 

Pholus sp. (a hornworm) 
109 

Phormia regina (black blow fly) 
569, 883 

Phorodon humuli (hop aphid) 
305 

Phorodon menthae (a mint aphid) 
267 

Phyllaphis fagi (an aphid) 
30, 547 

Phyllocnistis sp. (a leaf miner) 
329 

Phyllocnistis citrella (a citrus 
leaf miner) 142, 935 


Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus 
rust mite) 135, 138, 171, 306 
Phyllophaga spp. (white grubs) 
24, 45, 85, 117, 178, 192, 196, 
226, 343, 346, 374, 380, 386, 


438, 450, 452, 480, 536, 560, 
583, 608, 659, 717, 781, 798, 


848, 1027 
Phyllophaga fusca 
383 
Phyllophaga praetermissa 
297 
Phyllophaga rugosa 
848, 863 


Phyllotreta spp. (flea beetles) 
634 


Phyllotreta cruciferae 
U, CABS pins 9 elas LOL 

Phyllotreta nemorum (turnip flea 
peetle) 597,. a 

Phyllotreta pusilla (western black 
flea beetle) 250, 379, 410, 586 

Phyllotreta striolata (striped 
flea beetle) 388, 586, 693, 
696, 738, 797, 830 

Phylloxera sp. 
482 

Phylloxera notabilis (pecan leaf 
phylloxera) 510 

Phylloxera vitifoliae (grape 
phylloxera) 148 


Physokermes piceae (spruce bud 
scale) 658 


Phytomyza spp. (holly leaf miners) 
8, 90, 260, 300, 348 

Phytomyza ilicis (holly leaf miner) 
236, 260, 1000 

Phytomyza nigra 
79, 257, 997 

Phytophaga destructor (hessian fly) 
15, 20, 57, 79, 93, 96, 113, 
192, 200, 285, 352, 380, 476, 
532, 556, 628, 648, 670, 690, 
757, 779, 831, 878, 889, 998, 

_ 1001, 1027 

Pieris brassicae 
134, 138, 141, 621 

Pieris protodice (southern 
cabbageworm) 881 

Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm) 
v7; 45,59, 60, 98, 114, 125, 
132, 134, 148, 151, 154, 166, 
196, 216, 218,,225, 242, 258, 
267, 279, 343, 366, 388, 398, 
410, 452, 497, 512, 564, 587, 
612, 622, 634, 655, 675, 720, 
741, 800, 817, 833, 850, 880, 
929, 941, 947, 955, 1000, 
1014, 1028 

Pikonema alaskensis (yellow-headed 
spruce sawfly) 119, 724, 1011 

Pilocrocis tripunctata (sweet- 
potato leaf roller) 764, 784 

Pineus coloradensis (a chermid) 
895 

Pineus floccus 
437 

Pineus pinifoliae (pine leaf aphid) 
100, 437, 725, 1011 

Pineus strobi (pine bark aphid) 
58, 155, 268, 325, 346, 369, 
400, 415, 461, 488, 517, 547, 
679, 725, 931, 1011 

Pinnaspis aspidistrae (a scale 
insect) 820 

Piophila casei (cheese skipper) 
245 

Pissodes spp. (curculionids) 
281, 427 

Pissodes approximatus 
346, 392, 400, 746, 931 

Pissodes nemorensis (deodar weevil) 
299, 345 

Pissodes notatus (banded pine 
weevil) 271 

Pissodes pini 


271 
Pissodes schwarzi 
24 


Pissodes strobi (white-pine weevil) 
58, 60, 150, 155, 196, 244, 
393, 421, 427, 459, 618, 639, 
724, 745, 803, 894 

Pityophthorus spp. (bark beetles) 
85, 345, 369, 931 


Pityophthorus annectans 


459 
Pityophthorus carmeli 
866 
Pityophthorus serratus 
982 


Plagiodera versicolora (imported 
willow leaf beetle) 226 
Plagiometriona diversicollis 
(a tortoise beetle) 675 


Plathypena scabra (green 
cloverworm) 106, 108, 110, 117, 


128, 146, 152, 157, 175, 193, 
286, 294, 320, 352, 361, 405, 
445, 477, 506, 559, 606, 628, 
634, 650, 670, 693, 697, 715, 
738, 742, 757, 763, 780, 784, 
797, 812, 818, 831, 834, 863, 
878, 1012, 1014, 1027 


Platycotis vittata (a treehopper) 
msl, 7s09 


Platynota spp. (fruit scarringworms) 
170 


Platynota flavedana (a leaf roller) 
218, 353, 694 


Platynota stultana 
127, 180, 744, 785, 820, 980 


Platyparea poeciloptera (asparagus 
fly) 823 


Platyperigae extima (a cutworm) 
259 


OS 


Platyptilia carduidactyla 
CHESe plume moth) 54, 


125, 145, 307, 344, 455 
Platypus spp. (ambrosia beetles) 
159 


Platypus compositus 


682 
Plesiocoris rugicollis (apple 
capsid) 523 


Plodia interpunctella (Indian-meal 
moth) 8, 25, 83, 100, 115, 
132, 136, 146, 159, L7i%5 213, 
394, 790, 854, 956, 969, 1028 

Plusia chalcites 
943 

Plutella maculipennis (diamondback 
moth) 45, 134, 141, 154, 180, 
235, 267, 297, 322, 343, 388, 
410, 452, 484, 502, 512, 540, 
564, 587, 612, 720, 741, 849, 
929, 972, 1000, 1014, 1028 

Pnigalio longulus 
139 

Podisus maculiventris (a predator) 
349 

Podosesia s. syringae (lilac 
borer) 98, 115 

Poecilocapsus lineatus (four-lined 
plant bug) 619 


Pogonomyrmex sp. (a harvester ant) 
177 


Pogonomyrmex barbatus (red harves- 
ter ant) 237, 349 


Pogonomyrmex barbatus fuscatus 
(harvester ant) 84 

Pogonomyrmex barbatus molefaciens 
(Texas harvester ant) 223 

Pogonomyrmex occidentalis 
(western harvester ant) 76, 
84, 480, 630, W117, 759, 945, 
985 

Pollenia rudis (cluster fly) 
25, 56, 193, 226, 948 

Pollinia pollini (a scale) 
139 

Polyphylla crinita (a June beetle) 
746 

Polyphylla decemlineata (ten-lined 
June beetle) 531 

Polyphylla fullo (a chafer grub) 
138 

Potania sp. (a willow leaf gall) 
24 


Popillia japonica (Japanese beetle) 
8, 60, 100, 150, 153, 154, 


155, 196, 211, 226, 233, 241, 
242, 299, 324, 339, 352, 380, 
399, 448, 461, 547, 568, 580, 
592, 606, 610, 613, 614, 617, 
630, 635, 639, 651, 655, 659, 
6755 681) 205sa 71 5 ngo7 Tze 
797, 822, 854, 897, 969, 1013 
Porthetria dispar (gypsy moth) 
7, 10, 55, 60, 100, 126, 149, 
167, 213, 298, 324, 369, 392, 
400, 436, 460, 545, 745, 768, 
819, 852, 894, 1011 
Praon sp. (a parasite) 
727 
Praon palitans (a braconid) 
76, 83, 301, 310, 349, 416, 
462, 549, 822, 984 
Pratylenchus sp. (a meadow 
nematode) 7 
Prays oleellus (olive moth) 
137 


Premnotrypes vorax (potato tuber 
weevil) 329 


Prenolepsis imparis (an ant) 
592 


Prionoxystus robiniae (carpenter- 
worm) 98 


Prionus sp. (a roundheaded borer) 
241 

Prionus californicus (California 
prionus) 85, 848, 945 

Priostoma constricta (a springtail) 
368 

Pristiphora californica (California 
pear-slug) 341, 385, 409, 450, 
998 


Pristiphora erichsonii (larch 
sawfly) 118, 197, 434, 460, 
617, 638, 724, 820, 895, 1011 

Prociphilus fraxinifolii (a leaf- 
curl ash aphid) 325, 947 

Prociphilus imbricator (beech 
blight aphid) 895 

Prociphilus tessellatus (woolly 
alder aphid) 547 

Prociphilus venafuscus 
325, 1023 

Prodenia eridania (southern 
armyworm) 171, 178, 817 

Prodenia litura (Egyptian 
cottonworm) 137 

Prodenia ornithogalli (yellow- 
striped armyworm) 56, 73, 97, 
106, 111, 128, 146, 158, 169, 
172, 190, 215, 238, 241, 262, 
283, 302, 328, 350, 363, 372, 
395, 396, 417, 418, 476, 494, 
495, 521, 550, 571, 572, 580, 
596, 607, 620, 635, 640, 641, 
650, 662, 682, 683, 706, 707, 
714, 729, 730, 737, 741, 749, 
764, 772, 792, 796, 806, 825, 
838, 839, 856, 869, 884, 898, 
943, 944, 957, 970, 983, 1014, 


Prodenia praefica (western yellow- 
striped armyworm) 303, 630, 


944, 947 
Prospaltella perniciosi (a Parasite) 
310 


Proteoteras aesculana (a twig 
borer) 746, 789, 836 

Proteoteras willingana (boxelder 
twig borer) 518 

Protoparce spp. (hornworms) 
60, 95, 97, 98, 175, 242, 366, 
373, 483, 512, 514, 539, 541, 
562, 565, 586, 612, 614, 633, 
635, 654, 656, 674, 696, 721, 
742, 743, 762, 764, 783, 784, 
801, 802, 817, 947, 1014 

Protoparce quinquemaculata (tomato 
hornworm) 59, 85, 148, 154, 
195, 203, 238, 250, 328, 353, 
366, 387, 454, 464, 465, 494, 
495, 521, 550, 571, 572, 596, 
620, 640, 641, 662, 682, 683, 
706, 707, 729, 730, 749, 772, 
792, 806, 825, 838, 839, 856, 
986 

Protoparce sexta (tobacco hornworm) 
56, 154, 195, 353, 456, 464, 
465, 494, 495, 521, 550, 571, 
572, 596, 620, 640, 641, 662, 
682, 683, 706, 707, 729, 730, 
749, 772, 806, 825, 838, 839, 
856 

Proxenus mindara (a cutworm) 


994, 1007 
Pyrilla perpusilla (sugarcane 
leafhopper) 132, 140 


Psallus seriatus (cotton fleahopper) 
85, 176, 181, 218, 222, 368, 
390, 412, 457, 515, 543, 566, 
590, 616, 636, 677, 987 

Pseudachorutes saxatilis 
(a springtail) 368 

Pseudaletia unipuncta (armyworm) 
4, 6, 9, 17, 22, 23, 43, 56, 
57, 62, 73, 84, 97, 106, 112, 
113, 128, 131, 140, 146, 150, 
152, 169, 174, 178, 190, 192, 
195, 200, 215, 221, 238, 241, 
257, 262, 275, 283, 285, 302, 
318, 322, 328, 336, 350, 351, 
360, 372, 373, 379, 396, 397, 
399, 404, 417, 418, 442, 464, 
465, 474, 494, 495, 503, 521, 
529, 550, 557, 571, 572, 579, 
596, 604, 620, 627, 640, 641, 
648, 662, 668, 682, 683, 690, 
693, 697, 706, 707, 714, 729, 
730, 739, 749, 771, 772, 778, 
792, 796, 806, 825, 838, 839, 
846, 856, 861, 869, 879, 884, 
898, 943, 957, 970, 971, 983, 
996, 1009, 1012, 1024, 1027 


“ Pseudanthonomus validus (currant 
fruit weevil) 610 

Pseudaonidia paeoniae (a scale 
insect) 896 

Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (white 
peach scale) 836, 954, 964 

Pseudocneorhinus bifasciatus 
(a Japanese weevil) 8, 414, 
747, 789, 1015 

Pseudococcus adonidum (long-tailed 
mealybug) 127, 306 

Pseudococcus brevipes (pineapple 
mealybug) 728 

Pseudococcus citri (citrus mealybug) 


306 
Pseudococcus juniperi 
201 


Pseudococcus maritimus (grape 
mealybug) 135, 226, 266, 305, 
385, 982 


Pseudohylesinus spp. (silver-fir 
beetles) 268, 419, 425 
Pseudophilippia quaintancii 
(a woolly pine scale) 159, 725 


Pseudoplusia includens (a looper) 


153 

Psila rosae (carrot rust fly) 
267 

Psiloptera drummondi (a buprestid) 
84, 85, 695 

Psoloessa delicatula (a grasshopper) 
403 


Psorophora spp. (mosquitoes) 
46 


Psorophora ciliata 
931 


Psorophora confinnis 
TOL 

Psoraptes equi ovis (sheep scab 
mite) 73, 155, 168, 995 

Psylla buxi (boxwood psyllid) 
32550393 

Psylla negundinis (boxelder psyllid) 
947 

Psylla pyricola (pear psylla) 
80, 125, 151, 211, 234, 248, 
265, 277, 296, 304, 321, 341, 
385, 409, 509, 610, 652, 674, 
740, 761, 864, 998, 1007 

Psylla uncatoides 
490 

Psylliodes punctulata (a flea 
beetle) 388 

Pterochlorus persicae (a black 


aphid) 141 

Pterocomma beulahensis (an aphid) 
30 

Pterocomma smithae (a bark aphid) 
995 


Ptinus fur (white-marked spider 
beetle) 269 

Ptinus gandolphei (a spider beetle) 
17 

Ptinus hirtellus (brown spider 
beetle) 245 

Ptinus ocellus 
269 

Pulex irritans (human flea) 
150, 594, 896 

Pulvinaria aurantii (orange 
pulvinaria scale) 134 

Pulvinaria floccifera (yew scale) 
134, 281, 348 

Pulvinaria innumerabilis (cottony 
maple scale) 24, 127, 159, 
250, 268, 393, 518, 547, 592, 
618, 681, 746, 768, 1002, 
1028 

Pulvinaria occidentalis 
348 

Pyemotes ventricosus (straw itch 
mite) 791 

Pyralis farinalis (meal moth) 
837 


=198h— 


Pyrausta nubilalis (European corn 
borer) 6, 9, 15, 20, 33, 43, 
57, 59, 104, 107, 113, 116, 
138, 148, 151, 152, 154, 157, 
175, 178, 192, 194, 199, 209, 
216, 217, 223, 224, 233, 242, 
257, 275, 285, 287, 293, 317, 
335, S51) 93593379), 398), 4035 
409, 442, 473, 483, 530, 539, 
554, 578, 586, 602, 612, 615, 
625, 633, 636, 646, 668, 677, 
688, 696, 711, 720, 723, 735, 
742, 755, 764, 777, 784, 795, 
800, 811, 817, 829, 834, 845, 
850, 861, 877, 881, 889, 892, 
927, 929, 939, 1010, 1012, 
1013, 1026, 1028 

Pyroderces rileyi (pink scavenger 
caterpillar) 157, 993 

Pyrota mylabrina (a blister beetle) 
23 


R 


Rachiplusia ou (a looper) 
17, L935) 1955) 352, 634, 676; 
764, 955 

Radopholus similis (burrowing 
mematode) 170, 211, 341, 451 

Ramosia sp. 
1007 

Ramosia bibionipennis (strawberry 
crown moth) 166, 279, 946, 
BEE) 

Ramosia tipuliformis (currant borer) 
485 

Raphidopalpa foveicollis (red 
pumpkin beetle) 137, 141 

Recurvaria sp. 
987 

Recurvaria milleri (lodgepole 
needle miner) 420, 422, 433 

Recurvaria piceaella 
346 

Recurvaria pistacicola (gelechiid 
nut borer) 135 

Reticulitermes spp. (termites) 
25, 147, 370, 395 

Reticulitermes flavipes (eastern 
subterranean termite) 8, 9, 
10, 119, 150, 169, 179, 214, 
226, 283, 296, 327, 354, 395, 
463, 467, 468, 469, 493, 520, 
982, 1015 

Reticulitermes hesperus 

eas 369 822 98 1001 


, 
Retinodiplosis spp. (pine midges) 
299, 324, 769 
Retinodiplosis inopis 
803, 895 


Retinodiplosis resinicola 
159, 299 


Rhagoletis sp. 
a 

Rhagoletis cerasi (European cherry 
fruit fly) 663 

Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit 
fly) 510, 642 

Rhagoletis cingulata indifferens 
(western cherry fruit fly) 
80, 248, 265, 409, 450, 468, 
482, 538, 632, 673, 694, 999 

Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk 
fly) 304, 653, 782, 799, 816, 
832, 848, 880, 892, 929, 946, 
954, 999, 1007 

Rhagoletis fausta (black cherry 
fruit fly) 24, 80, 195, 510, 
538 

Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot 
or blueberry maggot) 6, 9, 
58, 100, 117, 148, 151, 195, 
216, 224, 353, 399, 609, 632, 
673, 694, 718, 740, 761, 799, 
848, 972, 1010, 1027 

Rhagoletis suavis 
353);)929 

Rhina barbirostris (a weevil) 
329 


Rhinacloa aricana (a mirid) 
329 
Rhinacloa forticornis 


657 

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown 
dog tick) 17, 73, 86, 99, 115, 
160, 177, 181, 223, 244, 245, 
459, 594, 701, 896 


Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus 
(grapevine thrips) 141 
Rhizoglyphus sp. (a mite) 
* 236 


Rhopalosiphum fitchii (apple grain 
= hia 15, 29, 44, 97, 174, 
185, 187, 275, 285, 295, 296, 
317, 321, 336, 340, 360, 365, 
384, 408, 443, 605, 629, 796, 
963, 979, 985, 993, 1021 

Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf 
TCH} 3) Onnlop22 me2ommaae 
57, 59, 77, 79, 84, 112, 157, 
165, 174, 192, 193, 194, 200, 
209, 218, 223, 224, 275, 285, 
293, 317, 336, 351, 398, 399, 
443, 475, 502, 530, 554, 579, 
603, 627, 647, 669, 690, 713, 
737, 748, 757, 779, 796, 812, 
830, 846, 862, 877, 890, 927, 
939, 945, 947, 953, 963, 979, 
985, 993, 1001, 1013, 1028 


Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (waterlily 
Syne 408 


Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicae 
(turnip aphid) 30, 158, 366, 
540, 880, 955, 965 

Rhopalosiphum rufomaculatum 
942, 966 

Rhopalosiphum subterraneum 
215 

Rhopobota naevana (black-headed 
fireworm) 81, 196, 266, 510, 
585 


Rhyacionia sp. 
893 

Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine 
Shoot moth) 7, 58, 59, 60, 
196, 226, 227, 299, 324, 345 
354, 392, 421, 434, 460, 468, 
469, 488, 516, 545, 569, 592, 
617, 724, 930 

Rhyacionia frustrana (Nantucket 
pine moth) 7, 45, 58, 60, 95, 
114, 155, 159, 176, 179, 220, 
244, 324, 435, 461, 487, 516, 
545, 658, 835, 852, 866 


Rhyacionia frustrana bushnelli 
26 

Rhyacionia rigidana 
60, 435 


Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae 
(a fig insect) 538 
Rhynchaenus pallicornis (apple 
flea weevil) 153 
Rhynchites heros. (fruit weevil) 
289 


Rhyncophorus palmarum (a weevil) 
329 


Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain 
borer) 83, 132, 135, 146, 177, 
213, 220, 251, 288 

Ribautina tenerrima (bramble 
leafhopper) 972 

Rileymyia americana (a parasite) 
269 

Rodolia cardinalis (vedalia) 

135, 136, 180 

Romalea microptera (eastern lubber 
grasshopper) 283, 667, 704, 
789 


* 


Rhizoglyphus echinopus (bulb mite) 
31 


S 


Sacadodes pyralis (South American 
pbollworm) 331 

Saissetia hemisphaerica 
Hemispherical scale) 968 

Saissetia oleae (black scale) 
135, 305, 306, 695, 746, 892 

Salebria afflictella (a webworm) 
836, 1015 

Sanninoidea exitiosa (peach tree 
borer) 94, 115, 158, 175, 203, 
221, 225, 277, 296, 321, 353, 
385, 945, 954, 964 


Sanninoidea exitiosa graefi (western 


peach tree borer) 277, 306, 
610, 652, 945 


Saperda sp. 
132 


Saperda calcarata (poplar borer) 
251 

Saperda candida (roundheaded apple 
tree borer) 296 

Saperda tridentata (elm borer) 


114 
Sappaphis foeniculus (an aphid) 
308, 993 


Sarcophaga aldrichi (a parasite) 
198, 269, 595 


Sarcophaga houghi 
269 


Sarcophaga kellyi 
82, 845 
Sarcoptes scabiei (itch mite) 
660 
Sarcoptes Scabiei suis 
988 
Scaeva pyrastri (a syrphid) 
727 
Schistocerca sp. 
777 
Schistocerca americana (American 
grasshopper) 170, 335 
Schistocerca gregaria (desert 
Iocust) 131, 134, 136, 138 
Schizolachnus pini-radiatae 
(an aphid) 30 
Schizura concinna (red-humped 
caterpillar) 176, 304, 674, 
702, 799, 864, 879, 998 
Schizura ipomoeae 
833 
Schizura unicornis (unicorn 
caterpillar) 179, 740 


Schoenobius incertulas (rice stem 


borer) 140 
Sciara sp. (a fungus gnat) 
100 


Scirpophaga nivella (sugarcane top 
porer) 140 


Scirtothrips citri (citrus thrips) 
180, 306, 451 : 
Scirtothrips dorsalis 
141 
Scolia dubia (a wasp) 
99, 245, 770 


Scolytus spp. 
420 


Scolytus multistriatus (smaller 
European elm bark beetle) 10, 
105, 114, 149, 196, 200, 309, 
392, 399, 415, 459, 488, 517, 
547, 591, 639, 659, 679, 703, 
725, 746, 769, 804, 931, 987 

Scolytus rugulosus (shot-hole 
borer) 84, 94, 144, 158, 175, 
306, 450, 584, 611, 632, 761, 
864, 946, 985 


Scolytus subscaber 
26 


Scolytus unispinosus (Douglas-fir 
engraver) 1022 


- 29 - 


Scolytus ventralis (fir engraver) 
426, 433, 819,,967, 987 

Scotogramma trifolii (clover 
cutworm) 9 

Scutigerella immaculata (garden 
symphylid) 17, 57, 81, 249, 
266, 531, 864 4 

Scymnus lacustris (a predator) 
704 

Selenaspidus articulatus (rufous 
scale) 350 

Selenothrips rubrocinctus 
(red-banded thrips) 329 


Semanotus amethystinus (an amethyst 
SadaabORe STOR 


Semiothisa sexmaculata (larch looper) 


25, 251, 420, 431, 434 
Sesamia cretica (durra stalk borer) 
133, 134, 136, 139 
Silba sp. (a lonchaeid. fly) 
139. 


Silba pendula 
Stipe genmele 


Silpha bituberosa (a carrion beetle) 
23 

Silvius sp. (a deer fly) 
458 

Simulium spp. (black flies) 


9, 10, 109, 393, 469, 837, 933, 


1011 

Simyra henrici (a noctuid) 
351 

Sipha flava (yellow sugarcane aphid) 
339, 381, 480 

Siphona irritans (horn fly) 
2152 46)3078), 86,995,109), 115, 
151, 160, 172, 176, 197, 251, 
325, 348, 370, 393, 416, 458, 
492, 519, 548, 569, 594, 618, 
640, 660, 701, 726, 747, 769, 
790, 837, 853, 882, 896, 931, 
942, 948, 956, 987 

Siteroptes graminum (a mite) 
29Rn99 7, 

Sitodiplosis mosellana (wheat midge) 
EX ee 

Sitona sp. 
397 

Sitona cylindricollis (sweetclover 


weevil) 20, 100, 108, 111, 117, 


192, 247, 264, 286, 294, 303, 
319, 339, 363, 383, 406, 447, 
479, 506, 535, 557, 691, 944, 
1026 

Sitona flavescens 
148, 397 

Sitona hispidula (clover root 
curculio) 22, 111, 148, 246, 
276, 286, 295, 303, 320, 337, 
361, 381, 397, 582, 649, 670, 
690, 715, 812, 940, 963, 980, 
997, 1012 

Sitona lineata (pea leaf weevil) 
53, 79, 125, 234, 260, 264, 
344, 362, 406, 671, 672, 691, 
997 

Sitona scissifrons 
383 


Sitophilus granarius (granary weevil) 


8, 25, 115, 135, 156, 198, 770, 
956 

Sitophilus oryza (rice weevil) 
46, 86, 94, 99, 115, 132, 135, 
153, 156, 159, 177, 220, 932, 
979 

Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois 


grain moth) 8, 46, 99, 115, 156, 


159, 220, 330, 770, 932 
Sminthurinus elegans (a collembolan) 
31 
Sminthurus viridis (lucerne-flea) 
53 


Sogata sp. 
221, 973, 974 
Sogata cubana 
7 
Sogata furcifera 
140, 973, 974, 
Sogata orizicola (a rice delphacid) 
954, 973, 974, 979, 1021 


Solenopotes eopuliens (a cattle 
ouse) 9 

Solenopsis sp. 
771 

Solenopsis geminata (fire ant) 
56, 728, 854, 897, 956 

Solenopsis saevissima richteri 
(imported fire ant) 17, 31, 
46, 56, 73, 91, 95, 106, 128, 
147, 160, 170, 179, 190, 214, 
220, 223, 237, 240, 244, 261, 
283, 327, 349, 374, 463, 570, 
705, 822, 897, 969, 1024 

Solenopsis xyloni (southern fire 
ant) 701, 854 

Spaelotis clandestina (w-marked 
cutworm)* 693 

Spanogonicus albofasciatus 
(a fleahopper) 545 

Sparganothis spp. 
653 

Sparganothis pettitana (a leaf 


roller) 438 
Sparganothis pilleriana (a grape 
ERR 
Sparganothis sulphurana 
928, 930 
Spharagemon collare (a grasshopper) 
735 
Spharagemon equale 
735 
Sphenoptera sp. (a buprestid) 


137 

Spilonota ocellana (eye-spotted bud 
moth) 9, 23, 195, 216, 248, 
295, 365, 399, 449, 509, 537, 
584, 972 

Spissistilus festinus (three-cornered 
alfalfa hopper) 44, 84, 153, 
157, 210, 217, 234, 276, 286, 
295, 320, 339, 447, 457, 506, 
582, 607, 630, 650, 672, 692, 
716, 739, 759, 781, 798, 814, 
832, 847, 863, 878, 891, 928, 
940, 980, 984 

Spodoptera mauritia (a noctuid) 
943 

Stagmatophora ceanothiella 
(a cosmopteryid moth) 836 

Stegasta basqueella (red-necked 
peanutworm) 94, 174, 447, 480, 
508, 535, 560, 583, 607, 651, 
672, 716, 781, 798, 847, 863, 
879, 891 

Stegobium paniceum (drug-store 
beetle) 189, 837 

Stegophyils quercicola (an aphid) 
5 


Steiroxys sp. (a cricket) 


445 

Steiroxys pallidipalpus 
247 

Steneotarsonemus pallidus (cyclamen 
mite) 9, 100, 117, 151, 266, 
298, 305, 344, 399, 485, 513, 
565, 589, 617, 635, 893, 999, 
1010 

Stenopelmatus sp. 

Tige.Oo Lanes 


Stenopelmatus fuscus (Jerusalem 
cricket) 25 
Stenotus binotatus (a mirid) 


Stephanitis pyri 
134, 138 

Stephanitis pyrioides (azalea lace 
bug) 369, 789, 836, 931 

Sternochetus lapathi (poplar and 
willow borer) 119, 251, 517, 
638, 659, 1000 

Stethorus gilvifrons (a coccinellid) 
136 

Stethorus picipes 
146 

Stethorus punctillum 
269 

Stethorus punctum 
82 

Sticthippus californicus 


(a grasshopper) 403 


Stilpnotia salicis (satin moth) 


Stomacoccus platani (a scale insect) 


461 
Stomodes gyrosicollis (a weevil) 
1010 


Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) 
78, 99, 109, 115, 151, 155, 
201, 458, 519, 569, 660, 837, 
882, 896, 948 

Strigoderma arboricola (a beetle) 
654 

Strymon melinus (cotton square 
borer) 85, 250, 615, 657, 
744, 881, 987, 1014 

Supella supellectilium (brown-banded 
roach) 8, 21, 83, 86, 105, 
138, 156, 262, 283, 354, 463, 
569, 748, 933, 942, 983, 996, 
1015 

Sylepta derogata (cotton leaf roller) 
141 


Sylvora acerni (maple callus borer) 
517 


Symmerista spp. (red-humped oakworms) 
216 


x Symmerista albifrons (red-humped 
Oakworm) 593 


Symphoromyia hirta (a snipe fly) 


Symphylella sp. (a symphylid) 
883 

Sympiesis viridula (a parasite) 
755 

Synanthedon sp. 
132 

Synanthedon pictipes (lesser peach 
tree borer) 94, 153, 187, 221, 
225, 321, 353, 365, 409, 964 


Synnoma lynosurana (a tortricid) 
508 


Syringopais temperatella (cereal 
leaf miner) 134 

Systena blanda (pale-striped flea 
peetle) 95, 487, 534, 629, 847 

Systena frontalis 
TL 


Tabanus spp. (horse flies) 
46, 61, 519, 548, 640 
Tabanus atratus (black horse fly) 
sly We PAT 
Tabanus equalis 
177 : 
Tabanus fairchildi 
177 Ppa 
Tabanus lineola (striped horse fly) 
177 
Tabanus sonomensis 
680 
Tabanus sulcifrons 


594, 726 
Tachypterellus quadrigibbus (apple 
curculio) 117 


Taeniothrips inconseguens (pear 
thrips) 80, 138, 258, 305, 
945, 998 

Taeniothrips orionis 
933 

Taeniothrips simplex (gladiolus 
thrips) 933, 1011 

Taniva albolineana (spruce needle 
miner) 21, 24, 309, 547, 
882 

Tendipes spp. (midges) 
197 

Tendipes decorus 
348 


Tendipes plumosus 
680 


Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm) 
25, 159, 168, 854, 1028 

Tenebrio obscurus (dark mealworm) 
L597; 968em1O28 

Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle) 
36, 86; 115, 136, 159, 177, 
681, 704 


*Carried in Vol. 8 as S. albicosta 


= e30h— 


Tenodera aridifolia sinensis 
(Chinese mantis) 897 

Tetanops myopaeformis (sugar-beet 
root maggot) 21, 202, 250, 
386, 513, 563, 613, 653 

Tetraleurodes mori (mulberry 
whitefly) 789 


Tetralopha spp, (webworms) 


197, 438 
Tetralopha melanogrammos 
836, 1015 


Tetralopha robustella (pine webworm) 
167, 881, 930, 966 

Tetralopha scortealis (lespedeza 
webworm HE 

Tetramorium caespitum (pavement 
ant)!8;,9 169), 308, 563, 619), 
1015 

Tetranychus spp. (spider mites) 

TORN GR4 DLE Dee O¢Se 4 

134, 135, 136, 137, 456, 479, 
481, 537, 561, 631, 650,.652, 
672, 693, 694, 699, 740, 761, 
786, 816, 833, 836, 851, 864, 
985 

Tetranychus atlanticus (strawberry 
Spider mite) 153, 287, 487, 
516, 650, 700, 796, 1013, 1014 

Tetranychus canadensis (four-spotted 
Spider mite) 85, 631, 945, 
1025, 1027 

Tetranychus cinnabarinus 
85, 240, 767 

Tetranychus desertorum (desert 
Spider mite) 85, 590, 700 


Tetranychus magnoliae 
246 


Tetranychus mcdanieli 
84, 305, 673, 694, 718, 740, 
782, 945 

Tetranychus pacificus (Pacific 
Spider mite) 258, 305, 609, 
768 

Tetranychus schoenei (Schoene 
Spider mite) 340, 631, 718, 
1013 

Tetranychus telarius (two-spotted 
Spider mite) 7, 9, 58, 80, 81, 
855 100s, TUS LG) 445 USL 
154, 180, 187, 197, 202, 203, 
212, 216, 224, 225, 226, 241, 
242, 244, 247, 248, 250, 264, 
266, 267, 295, 305, 307, 308, 
309, 329, 340, 343, 352, 389, 
398, 399, 411, 461, 485, 487, 
490); 50/7); 509), (516: 535; (5415 
565, 584, 609, 613, 618, 631, 
654, 659, 673, 675, 679, 694, 
698, 718, 719, 723, 739, 740, 
WAL Sol {Ol 264, 116d fel 
782, 784, 796, 801, 812, 816, 
818, 849, 893, 933, 998, 1008, 
1010, 1027 


Tetranychus tumidus (tumid spider 
mite) 568 


Tetranychus willamettei 
6 


Tetranychus yusti 
330 

Tetrix spp. (grasshoppers) 
379 


Tettigidea lateralis (a grasshopper) 
tcl Oe lea 


Thamnosphecia scitula (dogwood borer) 
461 

Thaumatopsis pectinifer (a sod 
webworm) 113 

Thelaxes californicus (an aphid) 
30 

Therioaphis maculata (spotted 
alfalfa aphid) 3, 15, 22, 29, 
43, 53, 59, 72, 76, 84, 89, 
96, 99, 104, 110, 116, 133, 
134, 136, (1445, 153), (57, (165; 
Bly fat BLASS ality walsh be alle eyes PLoya)e 
210, 217, 221, 224, 234, 241, 
247, 257, 276, 286, 294, 303, 
SUBST FOS9 Mo D2s|SO0, ola. ose, 
407, 447, 479, 535, 559, 582, 
607, 630, 650, 671, 691, 715, 
738, 758, 780, 798, 813, 831, 


847, 862, 878, 891, 928, 939, 
944, 953, 963, 980, 984, 993, 
1007, 1021, 1025 

Therioaphis trifolii (yellow clover 
aphid) 339, 363, 406, 505, 
508, 708, 758, 1025 

Thermobia domestica (firebrat) 
933 

Thrips imaginis (apple thrips) 
1029 

Thrips tabaci (onion thrips) 
77, 85, 126, 187, 196, 222, 
235, 249, 344, 367, 564, 634, 
655, 675, 947, 986, 987, 1007, 
1030 

Thripsaphis utahensis (an aphid) 
30 

Thyanta pallido-virens spinosa 
(a stink bug) 745 


Thylodrias contractus (a dersmestid) 


= >300> 


Thyridopter ephemeraeformis 

SS ae es, 193, 
200, 222, 226, 244, 354, 369, 
373, 415, 450, 461, 489, 518, 
568, 592, 639, 659, 680, 703, 
725, 747, 769, 789, 820, 853, 
1014, 1028 

Tinea sp. 
934 

Tinea pellionella (casemaking 
clothes moth) 942 

Tineola sp. (a clothes moth) 
934 

Tipula sp. 
161 

Tipula oleracea (common crane fly) 
161 

Tischeria malifoliella (apple leaf’ 
trumpet miner) 879 

Tlja scariolae (an aphid) 
30 

Tolype velleda (a lappet moth) 
568 


Tomaspis sp. (a spittlebug) 
704 


Tomaspis bicincta 
94, 97, 99, 704 

Tomostethus multicinctus 
(brown-headed ash sawfly) 119, 
309, 392, 462 

Tortrix pallorana 

Betnp 225044 ae 

Tortrix viridana (green oak tortrix) 
229 

Toumeyella liriodendri (tuliptree 
Scale) 8 9.” 

Toumeyella numismaticum (pine 
tortoise Scale) 58, 61, 119, 
159, 281, 324, 395, 400, 435, 
518 

Toxoptera aurantii (black citrus 
aphid) 172, 329 

Toxoptera graminum (greenbug) 

, 15, 29, 44, 53, 84, 89, 

104, 125, 144, 158, 165, 174, 
185, 200, 209, 221, 233, 257, 
275, 285, 293, 317, 335; 359), 
379, 476, 691, 890, 927, 953, 
963, 979, 985, 993, 1007, 1021 

Toxoptera viridi-rubra 

Gn629: ) ae 


Trachyphloeus bifoveolatus (a weevil) 
Sak yo, 


Trachyrhachis kiowa (a grasshopper) 
717 
Trialeurodes spp. (whiteflies) 
, 163, 933, 934 
Trialeurodes abutilonea 
701, 801 
Trialeurodes packardi (strawberry 
whitefly) 148 
Trialeurodes vaporariorum 
greenhouse whitefly) 105 
Triatoma sp. 


86 
Triatoma protracta 
492 


Triatoma Sanguisuga (bloodsucking 
conenose) 100, 680, 747, 821 


Tribolium sp. 
969 


Tribolium castaneum (red flour 
beetle) She2o5 99 pelo SS, 
159, 177, 245, 269, 837 
Tribolium confusum (confused flour 
beetle) 255,786, 115, 135, 177, 
198, 245, 867, 897, 932, 956 
Tribolium destructor 


: 269 
Trichobaris compacta (a weevil) 
454 
Trichodectes canis (dog biting 
louse) 61 
Trichogramma sp. (a parasite) 
336 


Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) 
7, 17, 45, 60, 73, 77, 85, 94, 
95, 96, 97, 98, 109, 126, 148, 
151, 154, 157, 159, 166, 172, 
176, 180, 181, 196, 202, 203, 
216, 218, 221, 222, 223, 225, 
235, 242, 249, 258, 262, 267, 
283, 307, 322, 343, 350, 367, 
388, 390, 398, 410, 412, 452, 
457, 487, 512, 540, 543, 564, 
566, 587, 590, 612, 615, 629, 
634, 636, 655, 657, 675, 678, 
691, 696, 700, 720, 721, 723, 
741, 744, 763, 766, 783, 785, 
800, 803, 816, 819, 833, 849, 
851, 865, 880, 892, 929, 930, 
940, 947, 955, 986, 987, 1000, 
1014, 1022, 1028 

Trimerotropis spp. (grasshoppers) 
335, 403, 409, 473, 625, 667, 
687 

Trimerotropis pallidipennis 
335, 363, 379, 403, 441, 473, 
501, 553, 602, 711, 735, 777, 


984 
Trionymus rostellum (a mealybug) 
979 


Trioxys utilis (a braconid) 
76, 136, 310 

Trioza tripunctata (a psyllid) 
282 


Trogoderma glabrum 
115,° 201 


Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) 
55, 61, 86, 106, 115, 127, 132, 
135, 146, 156, 170, 189, 198, 
212, 251, 261, 300, 326, 348, 
462, 510, 595, 704, 727, 770, 
821, 854, 882, 896, 968, 982, 
996, 1023 


Trogoderma parabile 
115, 269 


Trogoderma sternale 
179, 282 


Tychius stephensi (clover head 
weevil) 397, 505, 533, 1025 


Tydeus interruptus (a mite) 
56 


Tylenchorhynchus claytoni 
a nematode) 198 


Tylenchorhynchus maximus 
198 


Typhaea stercorea (a fungus beetle) 
969, 1011, 1028 


Typhlocyba spp. (leafhoppers) 
561 


Typhlocyba modesta 
1012, 1015 


Typhlocyba pomaria (white apple 
leafhopper) 584 


Typhlodromus spp. (predacious mites) 
25: 


Typhlodromus cucumeris 
Ci 


Typhlodromus occidentalis 


882 
U 


Udea rubigalis (celery leaf tier) 
29, 539, 784, 817, 831, 849 


S sik o 


Unaspis euonymi (euonymus scale) 
8, 31, 150, 490, 547, 680, 
703, 746, 804, 820, 941, 968 

Urbanus proteus (bean leaf roller) 
850, 941 

Utetheisa bella (bella moth) 


630 
V 


Valentinia glandulella (an acorn 
moth) 994 

Vanessa atalanta (red-admiral) 
198 . 

Vanessa cardui (painted—lady) 
LUG W2ULy 2130237, 13277, 370), 
382, 411, 462, 490, 520, 541, 
564, 607, 639, 972, 999, 1013 

Vasates spp. (eriophyid mites) 


694 
Vasates atlantazaleae (an azalea 
mite) 226 


Vasates cornutus (peach silver mite) 
6, 80, 265, 305, 740, 816, 
833, 945, 998 


, Wasates fockeui 


24, 29, 265, 718, 833, 945, 
998 

Vasates lycopersici (tomato russet 
mite) 7, 59, 166, 175, 307, 
674, 946 

Vasates magnolivora 
789 

Vasates quadripedes (maple 
bladder-gall mite) 226, 518, 
520, 1028 

Vasates schlechtendali (apple rust 
mite) 265, 761 

Vejovis carolinus (southeastern 
scorpion) 245 

Vespa crabro germana (giant hornet) 
155, 245, 466, 805, 868, 932 

Vespa orientalis 
131 


Vespamima sequoiae (sequoia pitch 
moth) 894 


Vespula spp. (wasps) 
727 
Vespula arenaris 


680 
WwW 


Winthemia quadripustulata 


648 
Wohlfahrtia opaca (a sarcophagid) 
948 


Wohlfahrtia vigil 119 


X 


Xyela sp. (a sawfly) 
25 


Xylastodoris luteolus (a royal 
palm bug) 170, 659 


Xyleborus spp. (scolytids) 
329 


Xyleborus confusus 
329 


Xyleborus saxeseni 
105, 482 
Xylocopa virginica 
156, 492 
Xylomyges curialis (a cutworm) 


451 
Z 


Zeadiatraea grandiosella 


southwestern corn borer) 

3, 44, 84, 174, 180, 200, 218, 
221, 293, 335, 359, 476, 531, 
555, 580, 604, 627, 629, 648, 


669, 689, 713, 737, 756, 779, 
796, 812, 830, 846, 861, 877, 
889, 927, 979, 985 
Zeiraphera griseana (a larch bud 
moth) 25, 250, 268, 419, 431 
Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana (spruce 
bud moth) 82, 419, 431 


Zeugophora sp. (a leaf miner) 
820 


Zeuzera pyrina (leopard moth) 
138 

Zonosemata electa (pepper maggot) 
353, 634, 697, 801 


Zootermopsis sp. 
46 


Zootermopsis an ticollis 
(a dampwood termite) 791, 838, 


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