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EX LIBRIS 

JOHANNIS FLETCHER 

PER DUO ET VIGINTI 
ANNOS LINGUAE LATINAE IN COLLEGIO 

Universitatis 
Professoris: qui mense Julio 

A.D. MDCCCCXVII MORTUUS EST: 

LIBROS QUOS ILLE PENITUS AMAVERAT 

UXOR ET FILII EJUS COLLEGIO AMATO 

DO NAVE RUNT. 

DULCES EXUVIAE DUM FATA DEUS-QUE SINEBANT. 

— Virg: jEn: IV. 



A:,< 



COPIOUS AND CRITICAL 



ENGLISH-LATIN LEXICON, 



FOUNDED ON THE GERMAN-LATIN DICTIONARY 



DR. CHARLES ERNEST GEORGES. 



BY THE KET. 

JOSEPH ESMOND RIDDLE, M.A., 

« t » 

or SIV XOMVin) ball, oxford, author of " a complete LATIK-ENGUSH DICTIONASr," &c., 

AXD THE BEY. 

THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., 

RECTOR OF LYNDON, AND LATE FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAXBEID6E. 



Sixst Qtmerican (Ebition, CorefnUs H^oiseb* 

AND 

CONTAINING A COPIOUS DICTIONAEY OP PROPER NAMES FEOM THE BEST SOURCES, 

BY CHARLES ANTHON, LL.D., 

PROFESSOR OP THE GREEK AND LATIN LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

i 
NEW YORK: 

HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 

FEAKKLIN SQUARE. «|e^ 



1864. ^ 



J. .) -I 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand 
eight hundred and forty - nine, by 

Harper & Brothers, 

in the Clerk's Offioe of the District Court of the Southern District 
of New York. 



.X '! 



TO 



WILLIAM HAWKESWORTH, AA.M., 

PROFESSOR OF THE GREEK A5D LATIN LANGUAGES IX THE COLLEGE OP CHARLKSTOIT, 8. C^ 

Sl)is iX)ork is iDebicateb 

AS A 

MEMOK.IAL OF LONG-ESTABLISHED FRIENDSHIP, AND A TOKEN OF REGAED FOB 
SOUND CLASSICAL ACQUIREMENTS AND THE MOST EXEM- 
PLARY PRIVATE WORTH. * 



PREFACE 

TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. 



The present work will be found to supply a desideratum that has long been 
felt by the classical student. The preface of the English editors will show the 
various sources whence they have culled their materials ; while an examination of 
the volume itself will convince any one how suoeessfully they have accomplished 
the object which they proposed to themselves in preparing it. We have had, in 
fact, no work before this, on the same subject, in the English language, at all 
deserving of being compared with the present one, and it is to be hoped that the 
wretched compilations which have hitherto been used wiU be now completely dis- 
carded. No teacher, indeed, can retain them after this, who is conscientious in 
his vocation, and sincere in his eiforts for the improvement of his pupils. It seems 
unnecessary, at the present day, to say any thing in favor of frequent practice in 
Greek and Latin composition. No one can be an accurate scholar without it. 
"Whether a work like the present one is likely to be a useful aid in pursuing such 
a practice, the following remarks of Lipsius will satisfactorily decide : " Lectio 
non suffidt, into nee felicissima memoria; sed opus est excerptis quibusdam et 
notis rerum verborumque singularium, quas imitemur. Qucb excerpta memorial- 
ibus Hbellis, tanquam (Brario^ contineri velim, wide sermonis illce opes per tempus 
et ad usum promantur." — Epist. Institut., c. xii. 

In preparing the present edition for the press, numerous corrections have been 
silently made in the body of the work, and various improvements introduced, all 
tending to make the volume a still more useful one. What will be found, how- 
ever, to give the American edition a decided advantage over the English work, is 
the Dictionary of Proper Names, which is wanting in the latter. This has been 
prepared from the best sources, but more particularly from Quicherat's " Vocabu- 
laire des Noms Geographiques, Mythologiques, et Historiques de la Langue Latine," 
Miihlmann's " Verzeichniss der geographischen, mythologischen, und geschicht- 
lichen Namen," Freund's " Worterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache," Klotz's " Hand- 
worterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache" (as far as published), Sharpe's " Nomencla- 
tor Poeticus," Leusden's " Onomasticon," &c., and Bischoflf und Mbller's " Ver- 
gleichendes Worterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen Geographic." 

It remains but to add that the present work has enjoyed the careful supervision 
of the editor's learned and accurate friend and colleague, Professor Drisler, a cir- 
cumstance of no small importance as regards the utility of the book. 
Columbia College, Sept. 1, 1849. 



PREFACE 

TO THE LONDON EDITION. 



Tee work, now at length completed, has cost ns many years of labor — ^labor 
that has often seemed almost hopeless. 

A very slight inspection of it will show that it aims at a far higher standard of 
accuracy and completeness than any of its English predecessors. Indeed, it can 
hardly be said to have had any predecessor in its own kind ; for no English-Latin 
Dictionary hitherto published has even professed to give any account of the use of 
words set down, their synonymical distinctions, the niceties connected with their 
employment by classical writers, with such remarks and cautioils as a cursory 
glance at any important word in the following work will prove that it has at least 
attempted to supply. 

The title-page states that it is founded upon the German-Latin Dictionary of 
Dr. Charles Ernest Georges, of which the first edition was published at Leipsio 
in 1833 ; the third in 1845. That work consists of two octavo volumes, usually 
bound together in one very thick volume of 1820 pages. Dr. Georges had a pred-* 
ecessor of great merit in Dr. Frederic Charles Kraft. As, however, the only 
edition of Kraft's Dictionary that we have consulted is the fourth edition ("re- 
modelled and enlarged"), which appeared at Stuttgard in 1843, we can not state 
exactly how far Dr. Georges is indebted to the earlier editions of Kraft's work, 
which, in its present form, is the most copious of all the German-Latin Dictiona- 
ries, consisting of two very thick octavo volumes, which contain respectively 1426 
and 1509 pages. Though we have occasionally consulted Kraft with benefit, we 
are decidedly of opinion that Georges is considerably superior to him in clearness 
of arrangement, and in the combination of sufiicient fullness with a sound principle 
of selection ; nor do we hesitate to give the preference to Georges even on the 
ground of scrupulous accuracy, though the occasional instances of inaccuracy that 
we have detected in Kraft are very rare exceptions to the general character of his 
work. Dr. Muhlmann, who published a German-Latin Dictionary in 1845, is al- 
most entirely dependent upon Georges. 

With respect to other helps, the " Anti-barbarus" of Krebs, Doderlein's " Syn- 
onymical Hand-book," and Freund's " Worterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache," 
have been our constant companions. We have also derived considerable assistance 
from Bonnell's " Lexicon Quintilianeum ;" and have often consulted with advant- 
age Haase's notes to Reisig's " Vorlesungen," Hand's " Tursellinus," and Krijger's 
" Grammatik der Lateinischen Sprache." iVraong other works, of which we have 
ixjcasionally made use, we may mention Billerbeck's " Flora Classica," Krans's 



VUl 



PREFACE. 



" Medicinisches Lexicon," Ernesti's "Lexicon Technologise Latinorum RhetoricsB," 
with Crusius's " Vollstandiges Worterbuch" to Caesar, and Billerbeck's to Corne- 
lius Nepos. 

About 150 pages of the work were printed off before either of us became aware 
that the other was engaged in the same task, and was drawing his materials from 
the same sources. For that portion of the work Mr. Arnold alone is answerable. 
"When a joint publication was resolved upon, the portion (A — C), which Mr. 
Riddle had but recently sent to press, was withdrawn, and we exchanged the 
materials that each had prepared for the half which was to be executed by the 
other ; but, to speak generally, Mr. Arnold is responsible for the first half, from A 
to K (inclusive), and for the letter U ; Mr. Riddle for the remainder. Mr. Arnold 
has to thank W. FradersdorfF, Esq., of the University of Berlin, for very useful 
assistance rendered to him during the progress of the work. Mr, Riddle has also 
some acknowledgments to make to the same gentleman, and is still more indebt- 
ed to his own brother, the Rev. John B. Riddle, M.A., of Wadham College, Oxford. 

We are very conscious that the work is still far from perfect ; but we feel a just 
confidence, founded upon the excellence of Georges's Dictionary, and a conscious- 
ness of our own diligence, that it possesses the general merit of strict accuracy, 
and is the only English-Latin Dictionary that a student can consult with the 
reasonable hope of finding what he wants, and the certainty of being able to trust 
what he finds. 

A copious Dictionary of Proper Names, to complete the work, will be published 
separately. 



I. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. 



Cic. = Cicero. 

Hor. = Horace. 

Liv. = Livy. 

Nep. = Nepos. 
Ov. = Ovid. 
Quint. = QuintUian. 

Sail. = SaUust. 

Tac. = Tacitus. 

Yirg. = Virgil. 
The names of other authors are abridged 

in the usual way, Ccbs., Ter., Plin., 

&c. When Plin. stands without " Ep." 



(= Epistles), the Natural History of the 

elder Pliny is meant. 
Auct. Herenn. = the author of the "Rhe- 

torica ad Herennium," among Cicero's 

works. 
Cod. Theod. ) = Code of Roman laws 
Cod. Just. S dravm up by command 

of Theodosius and Justinian respect- 
ively. 
Dig. = Digests {the body of Roman laws). 
Inscript. Orell. = Ordli's Collection of 

iMtin Inscriptions. 



* prefixed to a word or phrase means that it is not foujtd in a classical author, but is the 
best substitute the compilers can give. Very many phrases to which this note is prefixed are 
from Muretus, Ruhnken, Wyttenbach, &c. Kraft has been very industrious in collecting 
these. 



The meaning of a phrase printed thus : Vid. " maJce Way for" is, See the phrase " make 
tffayfor," under Way. 



11. LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL ROMAN AUTHORS.* 



B.C. (aboQt) 

240. Livius AndronicoB {exhibits the first play at Rome) . 

235. Cn. Naevins. 

212. Q, Fabius Pictor. 

204. Naeviua banished from Rome. 

201. Cato the Censor. 

Ennius. Plautus. 
184. Dea/Ao/ Plautus. 
166. Terentins. 
149. Pacuvins. Attius 
133. Afranins. 
130. Lucilius. 

77. Lucretius. 

64. Terentins Varro. 

63. M. Tullius Cicero. 

48. C. Valerius CatulluS. 

44. Sallustius. Cornelius Nepos.t Hirtim. 
[31. Cssar Octavianus Augustus.] 

AuGTJSTAS Agi. 

B.C. 

28. Vii^;ilius. 
Horatius. 

A.I>. 

1. Tibullus. Propertina. 
Ovidins. 

Livius. Trt^us Pompeius. 
Q.. Curtius Rufds {according to Hirf. and Zumpt. 

See A.D. 41, 69, 193). 
Vitmvius. 
Rutilius Lupus. 
'2. The Fasti Capitolini and Prsnestini. 

{Name of reigning Emperor.'] 
Claudius Tiberius Nero. 

14. Monumentum Ancyranum. 

15. M. Annaeus Seneca. 

Velleius Paterculns. Valerius Maximos. 
T. Phsedrus (Phaeder, Passow). 

Caius Caesar Caligula. 
37. Cornelius Celsus. 

Tiberius Claudius, 
41. Pomponius Mela. 

L. Junius Moderatus Columella. 

Scribonius Largns. 

Asconius Pedianus. 

Q,. Curtius Rufxu {according to St. Crotx, See 

A.D. 69, 193). 
ft. Rhemnins Fanniua Palaemon. 
Nero Claudius Caesar. 
54. L. Annaeus Seneca. 

Persius. Lucanus. Silius Italicns. 
Petronius Arbiter {according to the usual belief. 
<SeeA.D.222). 

T. Flavius VisPAStANUS. 
69. Plinius Major. 

Q.. Curtius Bofns {according to Buttmann]. 
Valerius Flaccus. 



{Name of reigning Emperor.) 
T. Flavius Dokitlasus. 

A.D 

81. Papinius Statins. 
D. Junius Juvenalis. 
M. Valerius Martisdis. 
Terentianus Manros {as generally supposed. S 

260). 
M. Fabius Quintilianas. 

M. Ulphu Trajakus 

98. TacitTU. 

Suetonius Tranquilloa. 

L. Floras. 

Plinius Secundus. 

Javolenns Prisons. 

I 

T. .Slius Hadrlasus. 
138. S. Pomponius. 

ASTOHISUS Pius. 

Gains. 

Justinns. 

A. Gellins. 

M. Aurelius Asrojnsus Pbilosophvs. 
161. Appuleius. 

SEPTmius Severus. 
193. Domitios Ulpianus. 

Julius Paulliis. 

Q. Septimius Florens TertuUianusX 

ft. Curtius Biifus {according to Niebuhr). 
M. Aurelius Severus Alexaxdeb. 
222. Petronius Arbiter {according to Niebuhr). 

Coelius Apicius {cookery). 

M. Minucius Felix. 

Thascius CaBcHius Cyprianus. 

L . Licinius Galliesus. 
260. Terentianus Maonu {according to Niebukr). 

Commodianus. 

Amobius. 

L. CcEcilius Lactantius Firmianus. 

CossTASTunjs Magsus. 
350. Hilarius Pictaviensis. 
358. S. Aurelius Victor. 

Flavius Claudius Juliabus. 
361. Flavius Entropius. 
Hieronymus. 
Ammianus MarceUinus. 
Ambrosius Josippus. 

Theodosius. 
[Alaric in Rome.] 
379. Aurelius Augustinus. 
409. Caelius Aurelianus (pbysician). 
438. Codex Theodosiantis. 

(Tbeodoric, king of the Ostrogoths, 493.) 
510. Priscianus Grammaticus. 

JUSTLVIAKUS. 

527. Corpus Juris Justinianeum {52S-534). 



* Extracted from F. Passow's Grundzuge der GrUchischen und ROmisdien Literatur und Kunttgttrkieht*. 
t The age of the work that goes under hia name is disputed. 
J Names in Italics are those of Christian writera. 



ENGLISH-LATIN DICTIONARY. 



AB AN 

AJ^Letterof theAlphabet,A. The 
• leOer A, A Utera. Short A, A brevis. 
Grtat A, A grandis {opposed to minuta). 
To end in the Utter ^, in A literam exire 
(Quint.). To learn ones A, B, C, (1) lit., 
alpha et beta discere (.Jut.), literamm 
nomma et contextus diacere (their names 
in order) : (2) Ji^., prima elementa disce- 
re : * primis elementis or Uteria imbui. 

A. \\ Indefinite article: untranslat- 
ed: but if it is to be intimated that the word 
is not to be -understood definitely, aliquis u 
used ; e. g., " in the definition of a thing," 
in definitione alicujus rei (in decnitione 
rei Kould mean : of the thing already men- 
tioned, or going to be mentioned^. |j A 
certain one, a particular indtvidual, 
though it is not necessary, or perhaps pos- 
mbU, to name it, quidam ; e. g., " A peasant 
did this," hoc fecit nisticaa quidam. || Ofi- 
tn equitalent to " such a one," is qui ; e. g., 
who would not be favorably disposed to a 
king tcho .> &c. ; quis non ei regi fareret, 
qui, tc. (with subjunctiTe). {{''A" is also 
translated by quidam, ahen a particular 
individual is referred to a class ; e. g., ■' in 
the house of a host named Camelus," in hos- 
pids cujiisdam, nomine Cameli, domo. 
"Fabius a Pelignian," Fabiua, Pelignus 
quidam. || "A Plato," to express a man 
uhe Plato, a man of Plato's genius, &C., is 
generally translated by the plural ; e. g., 
" We speak of a Paullus, a Cato, a Gallus," 
dicimus PauUoe, Catones, Gallos. \\Each, 
with numerals. " A" omitted, and a distrib- 
uiice numeral used : " a day," " a month," 
&c., mostly singuli, singulis diebus, men- 
abus, Sijc. (but also quot diebus, menei- 
hns, &c.) : in singulas boras, in singulos 
dies (but also in boras, in dies). " There 
were tico hunts a day for the fine days," 
binae venationes per dies quinque. "A 
man," mostly omitted, and distributive nu- 
meral used. " Two acres a man were al- 
lotted to the common people," bina jugera 
agri plebi dividebantur. All to a man, 
ad unum onmes. || " A^ before the parti- 
cipial subsl. is to be translated by the su- 
pine, "to go a hunting," renatum ire. 

ABAFT, ||*rern, puppis. WToicard 
the stern, puppim Tarsus. Pub. in pup- 
pi sedere. 

AB.\XDON, relinquere (to leare behind 
in any way, whether deliberately or not) : 
derelinquere (to abandon it deliberately, 
and care no more about it) : deserere (to 
abandon what one ought not to gice up) : 
dimittere (to gice up what one can not re- 
tain ; a property, one's freedom, a right, a 
man's acquaintance) : abjicere, deponere 
(what one does not find it good or profita- 
ble to retain ; a plan, intention, opinion, 
friendship, hatred, hope) : desistere aii- 
qui re or de aliqua re (implies a sudden 
change of intention) : omittere (to give 
up ; let a thing go ; a contest, wrath, sor- 
row, fear, a plan, an opportunity) : desti- 
tuBre (to desert one in need, just when our 
assistance is expected). J.v. relinquere et 
deserere ; deserere et relinquere ; desti- 
tuere et relinquere. Phb. afflisere cau- 
eam iusceptam (abandon, and so ruin it) ; 
causam alicujus deponere : a causa alicu- 
jus recedere. |lG»r< one's self up to, 
alicui rei se dedere : studio alicujus rei 
ee dedere or se tradere. Phb. Tolupta- 
tibas se dedere or se txadere ; serrire, as- 
trictum esse, deditum esse. WRenounce, 
CVm.) alicui rei renunciare. 



AB DI 

ABAJTDONEB, perditus, &c. V. Wick- 
ed. 

ABiVNOOXMENT, ) cither by the verbal 

ABANDONING, ^ substaruites from 
the verbs under Abaitdon: relictio (Cu.), 
derelictio (CHc.), desertio (Liv.) ; dimissio, 
abjectio, depositio, destitutio (Cic) : or, 
much more commonly, by their past parti- 
ciples : the abandoning his friends, relicti 
(deserti, destituti) amici. 

ABASE, II A um 6 Ze one's self, se de- 
mittere, se submittere ; descendere (all 
three also fig.). Pbk. se ad alicujus pedes 
sub-, de-mittere. || Depress; humble, 
minuere ; imminuere alicujus auctoiita- 
tem : elevare aliquem or alicujus aucto- 
ritatem. || Abase myself to any thing, pro- 
labi ad aliquid, descendere ad aliquid, se 
projicere in aliquid. || Disgrace one's 
self, minuere suam dignitatem : se abji- 
cere, se abjicere et prostemere. ]\Abase 
one's eyes, oculos in terram demittere, 
dejicere ; oculos dejicere ; terram intne- 
ri, before any body, oculos alicui submitte- 
re ; terram modeste intueri 

ABASEMENT, lit., demissio, submisslo. 
Pabtcp. " The abasement of Caius," im- 
minuta Caii auctoritas, dignitas. 

ABASH, pudorem alicui injicere, inca- 
tere (t) — ruborem alicui afferre ( Tac). J 
am ashamed, pudor suffiinditur mihi : at 
any thing, pudpre afficior aliqud re. 
II Abashed, pudore suSusus, Sic. Vid. 
Ashamed. 

ABATE, TBNS., Wlessen, Vid. 1I Bate, 
Vid. il iXTB., miniii, se minuere. and 
minuere (F. Henog ad Cits., B. G., iii, 
12) : imminui (to be lessened inwardly) : 
remitti : se remittere, and remittere only 
(to leave off; of rain, cold, a fixer, Sec.) : 
levari, sublevari (to be lightened) : leniri, 
mitigari (to be softened ; mitigated). Phb. 
ira defervescit : sermo hominum refrige- 
ratur. 

ABATEMENT, decessio de Eumm4 or 
decessio oji/y (CSc.) : *remissio. To make 
an abatement, * remittere de pretio indi- 
cato. To make an abatement of 10 per 
cent., * remissionem centesimarum de- 
narum facere. \\ Lessening. Vid. 

ABBESS, abbatissa (Hieron.) : * anti- 
stita Tirginum SMsrarum — Virgo maxima 
(the title of the High-priestess of the Vestal 
Virgins). If the abbess is a princess, regi- 
na abbatissa (as Mn. 1, regina sacerdos). 

ABB.\Cy, * abbatis munus (his office) : 
* concessum abbati beneficium (his pre- 
bend or benefice). 

ABBEY, * abbatia. 

ABBOT, abbas (EccL) : archimandrita 
(a president of monks. Sidon.). 

ABBREVIATE, imminuere (a word nt 
pronouncing, as audisse for auditisse). 
II To write compendiously, notare; 
scripturaa compendio uti ; per notas scrj- 
bere. Vid. Abbbeviation. Vid. Shobt- 
Ex ; Abbidge : Coxtbact. 

ABBREVIATION in wrUing, rerbo- 
rum nota; (scripturse) compendium. 
To write with abbreviations, notare (op- 
posed to perscribere). Vid. Shobt-hand. 

ABDICATE, deponere: an office, mag- 
istratum deponere ; magiitratu se abm- 
care (very seldom magistratum abdicare) ; 
magistratu or honore abire ; abscedere 
munere (Lie, 9, 3) : the dictatorship, dicta- 
turd se abdicare: a government, imperi- 
um deponere. 

ABDICATION of an office, abdicatio 



AB IL 

mnneris (e. g., dictaturee) ; and perkphrat- 
ticaliy, with abdicare se munere. " You 
have driven Lentulus to an abdication of 
his office," Lentulum ut se abdicaret mag- 
istratu coegistia. 

ABED, crc^ ; to be still abed, nondnm 
Burrexisse; nondum cubita or e lectolo 
surrexisse. 

ABERRATION, ^departure from 
the right way, declinatio : from rea- 
son, aspematio rationis. 

ABET, Ijasstst, aliquem jnvare or ad- 
juvare (assist Ann, in aliqua re : seldom with 
infin.) : aliquem operd adjuvare in aliquS 
re facienda ; alicui operam suam commo- 
dare ad aliquid (to assiM him by on^t serv- 
ices). ||£zcite to, &Ct incitare, excita- 
re, concitare (rouse up, set into action) : in- 
stigare, stimulare, exstimulare (prick or 
gpur on) : inflammare, incendere, accen- 
dere ( inflame) : impellere, commo"'ere. 
All aliquem or alicujus animTim ad ali- 
quid. Vid. Excite. \\Ezhort, hortari. 
adhortari (aliquem ad aliquid, or with ut). 

ABETTOR, coDcitator (belli, seditionis, 
&c.) : impulsor (one who urges to an ac- 
tion) : qui adjuTat 

ABEY.4NCE, spes succedendi. In 
abeyance (of lands, ice.), vacuus. 

Abhor, detestan aliquid or aliquem : 
abominari aliquem or aliquid {shrink 
from as ill-omened) : aversari aliquem or 
aUquid (titm from with dislike, antipathy. 
Sec.) : ^horrere aliquem, aliquid, or ab 
aliqud re (to shudder at) : animo esse 
aversissimo ab aUqno. 

ABHORRENCE, aversatio (aUcujus 
rei) : detestatio (alicujus rei ; GelL, not 
Cic) : animus arersissimus ab aliquo. 

ABHORRENT, alienns ab aliqua re 
(foreign to, irreconcilable with) : alicui rei 
coatxariaa (oj^sed to). \\To be utterly 
inconsistent with, abhorrere ab ali- 
qua re [a persona hominis gravissimi ab- 
horrere, Cic.]. 

ABIDE, IXTB., Wdwell at, habitare (al- 
iquo loco) ; domicilium or sedem ac dom- 
icilium habere (aliquo loco) : deaere or 
degere vitam. virere loco (to lire at^. 
With any body, in alicujus domo or apud 
aliquem habitare : apud aliquem or in al- 
icajns domo deversari (for a time, as a 
guest) : cum aliquo habitare (td live to- 
gether) : commorari (to be stopping at or 
abidiiigfor a time) . || fi e m a t n, manere, 
permanere. To abide by an agreement, 8t&- 
re pacto or conventis : by a promise, pro. 
iniss8 stare : by an opinion, in sententid 
sod manere, permanere, persererare : by 
any body, alicui non deesse, aliquem non 
deserere, destituere, &c ||Xa«<; en- 
dure, permanere, durare. 

ABIDE, TBNS., II watt for a man's 
coming, alicujus adventum exspectare or 
prsestolari (but alicujus adrentum mane- 
re. Lit., is poetical). UBear, endure. 
Vid. 

ABILITY, \\ power, j)otenti&(absoluu 
power) : potestas (power derived from le- 
gal authority) : copia (possibility of do- 
ing any thing with convenience) : facultap 
(capacity ; possibility subjectively). \\Men- 
tal power, ingenium (connate mentai 
power, talents, genius) : sollertia (menta. 
dezterity, practical genius) : docilitas 
(power of Uamixtg, of improving) : mge- 
nii facultas (taierii for a particiilar pur 
suit, not talents coliectivdtf, which is hi- 
genium) : Cacultaa wi/i gen. (power to do 



AB O D 

any iking, e. g., to speak, dicendi). / 
do not give him credit for ability 
to accomplish something, aliquem aliquid 
efficere non posse duco (after fep., Alcib., 
7,2). \\ Abilities, mental powers col- 
lectively ; ingenium, facilitates (O'c, de In- 
vetu., 1, 27, extr.) ; anirai vis, virtus, homi- 
nis sollertia. To cultivate one's 
abilities, animum montemque excole- 
re : to be a person of considerable 
abilities, ingeniosum esse, ingenio abun- 
iaie. II Riches. Vid. 

ABJECT, abjectus (fiung away as 
worthless, hence (1) worthless, low, (2) dis- 
pirited) ; demissus (beaten dcon ; of one 
who has lost his spirit) ; summissus (sub- 
jected, hence stibmissive, servile, low-mind- 
ed) ; humilis (low, opposed to altus) ; illib- 
eralis (unlike a free man ; ungentleTnanly, 
sordid:). Videndum est ne quid humile, 
tummissum, molle, ettemir.atum, fractum, 
ai;'e«Mmque faciamus( C(c., Cat.,^,1). Jn. 
contemtus et abjectus : perculsus et ab- 
jectus (in despair). Abject poverty, gi'avis- 
sima paupertas ; summa egestas ; pauper- 
tas vel potius egestas ac mendicitas (Cic, 
Parad., 6, 1, extr.). Abject flattery, sum- 
missa adulatio (Quint., 11, 1, 30). Vid. 
Contemptible ; Vile. 

ABJECTION (o/mj«rf),humilitas (low- 
ness) : illiberalitas (feelings unworthy of a 
fre£ man) : abjectio or demissio animi 
(C&., despondency, despair). 

ABJECTLY, humiliter ; illiberaliter ; 
abjecte ; deraisse. Vid. Syn. in Abject. 

ABJUDICATE, abjudicare alicui ali- 
quid (to deprive any body of any thing by 
a judicial sentence). 

ABJURATION, arcl. with verb or ptcp. 
meaning to abjure. His abjuration of his 
country, ejurata patria. 

ABJURE, abjurare (to deny upon oath 
that I owe it) : ejurare or ejerare (to re- 
nounce a thijig with an oath ; e. g., patri- 
am, patrem, &c., post-Aug.) : renunciare 
alicui rei (e. g., public life, publicis nego- 
tiia ; oysters for the rest of my life, ostreis 
in omnem vitam). 

ABLAaUEATION, ablaqueatio (the 
digging about the roots of a tree). 

ABLATIVE case, Ablativus casus 
(Quint.); Latinus, gextus (Varro in, 
Diom., p. 277, P.). 

ABLE (of persons), ingeniosus (fertile 
of new ideas) : soUers (dexterous in com- 
bining and working out ideas) : docilis 
(apt to learn and comprehend) : capax al- 
icujus rei (post-Aug.). To be able, pos- 
se ; alicujus rei faciendie facultatern ha- 
bere. — He is able to do any thing, nihU non 
efflcere potest. 

ABLE-BODIED, valens, validus (strong, 
actively : opposed to imbecillus) ; firmus 
(firm, immovable ; strong, passively : op- 
posed to imbecillus, infirmus) ; robustus 
(compact ; strong, passively : opposed to 
tener). Jn. firmus et robustus, valens et 
finuus ; robustus et valens. 

ABLENESS. Vid. Ability. 

ABLEGATE, legare ; allegare (dispatch 
en a mission : aliquem ad aliqnem or ali- 
cui, in Africam : eo) : legatum mittere 
(to send as an embassador). |3P^Abloga- 
re and araandare are, to sen a away, on 
some pretext or other, a person whom one 
toishes to get rid of. 

ABLEPSY. Vid. Blindness. 

ABLUTION, ablutio (Macrob., Plin.). 
lavatio (PI), lotio (Vitr.), lotura (Plin.). 
To perform one's ablutions, lavari; perlui 
(to bathe, wash one's self in a stream, Cas.) ; 
manus, pedes, <fcc., lavare. 

ABNEGATION, infitiatio (the denial, es- 
peciaUy of a debt). Abnegation of the 
iporld, rerum huinanarum contemtio et 
deapicientia (Cic., Tusc, 1, 40, 95); of 
one^s self dolorum et laborum contemtio 
(litter disregard of pain and toil) ; animi 
modiTatio (complete government of the 
mind). 

ABO.\RD. To go aboard, conscendere 
or nsiendere navemor in navem : infine 
vyather, boat et certd tempestate con- 
B''endero. 

ABCJOE, domicilium (abode, as far as 
one is at home there) : sedes (as the fired 
fir'Of where one resides) : habitiitio (dwell- 
iTw^-AoM-se or chamber, as lone as one re- 
ridet therein ; hence, also, lodeing). Vid. 
2 



AB R 

House. \\Time of one's residence. 
commoratio ; statio, mansio (opposed to 
itio, decessio : implying a stay of some 
length) : habitatlo (the dwelling at a place). 
Abode in the country, rusticatio. || Make 
abo de. Vid. Abide. 
ABODE, ABODEMENT. Vid. Bode, 

BODEMENT. 

ABOLISH, tollere (the proper word: e. 
g., an office, law, magistracy, tax, &c.) : ab- 
olere (v. hist, quite to remove and make in- 
valid laws, customs, religion, wills) : abro- 
gare (to abolish by the authority of the peo- 
ple ; a law, decree ; also a magistracy) : 
derogare legi or aliquid de lege (of a par- 
tial abolition ; but sometimes with ace. for 
abrosare, Ochsn. Cic., Eclog., p. 85) : obro- 
garelegi (to render it a dead Utter, wholly 
or in part, by a subsequent enactment) : sol- 
vere, dissolvere, resoivere (to abolish a 
custom, &c., also adimere consuetudinem, 
Tac.) : rescindere (to cancel and make void ; 
e. g., decrees, compacts, wills, &c.) : induce- 
re (to strike out, a resolution, a decree, of 
the Senate, a contract, locationeni) : per- 
vertere (abolish by violence ; laws, justice, 
&.C.). WDestroy, delere (blot out ; hence, 
deprive of its existence) : exstinguere (to 
put out, and so cause to cease ; hope, spem, 
&c.) : tollere (to take away; destroy, ur- 
bem, legem, &c.) : evertere (to overthrow; 
urbem, rempublicam, reipublicie funda- 
menta) : subvertere (to overthrow, impe- 
rium, leges, libertatem) : perdere (to de- 
stroy completely, fruges, &c.). To utter- 
ly abolish, funditus tollere, evertere, 
&c. 

ABOLITION, sublatio Oudicii, the re- 
versal of a sentence) : abolitio (of a tax, 
sentence): AisaoXutio (e.g., of a law). \\Ab- 
olition of debts, tabiiliE novae. 

ABOMINABLE, fcedus (of any thing 
that excites a loathing and aversion) : 
abominandus, detestandus, detestabilis 
(detestable ; of men, aversabilis, Lr.) : ne- 
farius (shameful; of men, and their 
thoughts and aaions) : nefandus (of 
shameful actions) : immauis (shocking ; 
of actions) : teter (hideous, shocking; 
then abominable, in character and conduct). 
\\An abominable villain, homo omni parte 
detestabilis ; homo impurus ; monstrum 
hominis. 

ABOMINABLY, foede, foedissime; ne- 
farie ; teterrime. || Excessively; 
grossly. Vid. those words. Abomina- 
bly ugly, insignis ad deformitatem. 

ABOMINATE, abhorrere aliquem or al- 
iquid or aliqud re (to recoil from an object 
with shuddering') : abominari aliquem or 
aliquid (to wish it away, as of evil omen) : 
detestari aliquem or aliquid (to appeal 
to the gods against a person or thing) : 
aversari aliquem or aliquid (to turn away 
from in disgust) : animo esse aversissi- 
mo ab aliquo. 

ABOMINATION, || aversion, de- 
testation, aversatio (in silver age, alicu- 
jus rei) : detestatio (in Gell., alicujus rei. 
Un-Cic. in this sense) : animus aversissi- 
mus ab aliquo. \\Abominable action, 
res nefanda or infanda ; res atrox or 
nefaria. Abominations = abominable 
actions, nefaria, pi. adj. \\ Detesta- 
ble wickedness, foeditas, immanitas. 
\\ Pollution, contaminatio, pollutio 
(both in later writers only) : macula, la- 
bes (<fee stain itself). 

ABORIGINES, Aborigines, um (mostly 
the original inhabitants of a country ; a 
particular people in Italy, the name being ei- 
ther from ab and origo, or 'Mopiycvtis^^de- 
scendants of the Abori, Ombri, or Umbri. 
Grotefend). || Autochthones (Appul.). 
The original inhabitants of Britain, qui 
initio Britanniam incoluerunt. 

ABORTION, \\ premature bring- 
ing forth, abortio, abortus. \\Prod- 
uce of such a birth, abortus (Cic). 
To cause an abortion, abortum facere 
(a/.so :=abortum pati, to bring forth pre- 
maturely). 

ABORTIVE, Wbrought forth pre- 
maturely.ahoravna. || Unsuccessful, 
cnssus (empty, hollow ; hence profitless, of 
labors) : inSnis (empty, unsubstantial ; in- 
anes contentiones) : irritus (invalidated ; 
as good as undone, irritus labor ; incept- 
um). Jn. vanus et irritus ; irritus et va- 



AB O V 

nus. To tnake abortive attempts, operam 
perdere, or frustra consumere. or conte- 
rere ; oleum et operam perdere. 

ABORTIVELY, \\ to no purpose, 
frustra, nequidquam, incassum. Vid. 
Vain. 

ABOUND, \\have in great plenty, 
aliqua re abundare (aliqua re redundare 
is, to have in too great plenty) : suppedi- 
tare aliqua re (to have an adequate supply, 
especially of means for an end. Cic, Cat., 
2, 11, 25) : affluere (to abound ; in pleas- 
ures, leisure, genius, <fcc., Cic) : circum- 
fluere (copiis, gloria, Cic.) : scatere (be- 
longs to poetry and late icriters). \\Be in 
great plenty, abundare, superesse (be 
in abundance) ; suppeditare (to be in sirffi,- 
cient quantity) ; circurafluere (aliquem 
circumtluere. Curt.). Jn. circumtluere 
atque abundare. 

ABOUT, circum (prep, and adv. denotes 
(1) motion round a centre : circum axem 
se convertere , (2) motion from one to an- 
other of a number of objects ; e. g., to send 
any body, circum amicos, circum insulaa, 
&c. ; (3) position, entirely or partly, round 
an. inclosed object : capillus circum caput 
rejectus) : circa (prep, and adv. denotes 
proximity, considered as a point or points 
in an inclosing line or space, rather than 
as an extended portion of such line or 
space. "Circum urbem coinmorari, est 
in conclusa vicinitate versari ; circa ur- 
bem, in propinqua regione, baud procuL" 
Hand, Turs., ii., p. 50. Not used by Plant., 
Ter., Lucr., Sallust, and seldom by Cic). 
\\N early, in approximate statements, fere, 
ferme (two forms of the same word : about, 
both of time and n umber ; not as a loose 
statement, but of a statement believed to be 
as accurate as possible or necessary) : cir- 
citer, circa, ad (about, of time and num- 
ber ; circiter as adv. and prep, with ace. 
Cic. never uses circa in this way, but Liv., 
Curt., &c., do) : sub (with ace) : quintd 
fere hora^i?! the course of the fifth hour. 
Hand: circiter eandem horam. About 
noon, circiter or ad meridiem. About the 
fourth part, circiter pars quarta. About 
500 were taken, ad quingentos capti sunt. 
About Pompey's days, circa Pompeium 
(Quint.), circa Pompeii aetatem (Plin.). 
\\ Concerning, circa (with respect to: 
where earlier writers use in, de, ad, erga, 
&c., after negligens, assiduus : circa bo- 
nas artes socordia, Tac. To be employed 
about, in aliqui re versarL Later writers, 
circa aliquam rem versari ; in aliqua re 
occupatum esse) : de (after audire, di- 
cere, judicare, scribere, &c., legates de 
aliqua re mittere) : super (with abl. to 
write or do any thing, super aliqud re, Cjc: 
to be sent, super aliqua re, Cic, Nep.). || To 
go or set about any thing, aggredi, 
conari, moliri, ifec. Vid. Begin ; Under- 
take. II To take any body about the loaist, 
aliquem medium complecti. IVhat are 
you about? quid agis ? \\To bring 
about, aliquid efficere ; effectum dare or 
reddore. \\ About, before infin. is to be 
translated by the partic. in dus. 

ABOVE. (A) II Pbep., super (above, op- 
posed to sub, subter) : supra (opposed to 
infra, above, with implied reference to .•some- 
thing below, used of position, not of mo- 
tion). II Of degree, super (famosissima 
super ceteros ccBna, Suet. : super omnia. 
Liv. : with 7iumerals, super octingentos et 
quadraginta ante annos, Tac.) : supra (su- 
pra modum; vires humanas ; (idem; and 
with numerals, sociorum supra millia vi- 
ginti, Liv.) : ante (ante alias pulchritudine 
insignis, Liv.) : pneter (nobilitatus prajter 
ceteros) : plus, amplius (before numerals, 
quam being omitted, but the subst. not be- 
ing placed in the abl., plus ducentos mili- 
tes desidcravit). E. g., cos super se collo- 
cavit : domes super se ipsos concrema- 
verunt: supra terram est coelum. || Out 
of, scse (Deus) extra omnem culpam 
posuit. Phr. To be above any body, su- 
pra aliquem esse : superiorem esse ali- 
quo : aliquem infra se positum habere. 
To be above any body's praise, alicujus 
laudibus majorem esse. Above a year, 
plus annum, or annum et eo diutius (e. g., 
to live with a person). Above forty yean 
old, major quadraginta annis or annorum ; 
natus est annos magis onadraginta ; ai> 



AB EO 

Bsm qnadrageaiiniuxi excesait (« ]f>Bar et 
qvod excarrit bdon^ to late LmL). Tb 
put on* liiMg above anotker, rem uii an- 
teponere. To honor anf bodf aicve all 
me*, aliquem primo loco habere^ ponere ; 
■Hqaem prster ceteros omiies colore. 
7to AoM wobodf above omfa tdf, neminem 
halMlre saperiorein, prioron. (B) gAsv. 
Supra (qos supra scripd). N From 
above, desuper (rolnerare, protepere, 
Ckt.) : Bapeme (gUdinm supeme jogu- 
kt defigere, Lir. : incessere. Curt). 

ABOVE-MENTIONED, aliqiiid snpra 
dictum est : aliquid supra dixi {not supra 
dictus or praedictus). 

ABOVE-WRITTEN, aUqnid supra 
(criptum est ; aliquid supra scripst (not 
supra scriptus). 

ABOVE, TO BK. fiTo be better, prm- 
•tare. ^To stand out from, esstaie (ex 
aqud, &x.). y Tb Je above doing cajr 
thing, noa earn esae qui aliqaid &ciat. 
Ton ought to be above making pleaaure 
tfoar chief good, temperantior esse debea, 
qaam gmi summuin bonum in roluptate 
ponaa. The water is kardli/aboze the knees, 
aqua tvx genua superat. {Liv.) Let all 
be fair md aboveboari, ne qua fraus. 
Be qnis dolus adhibeator (Oic); nihil sit 
ocm apertom atqne simplex. 

ABREAST, I to go abreast, pariter 
ire (Q. una pariterque cum eqoitibus ac- 
coirere, flirt, BelL Afr,, 69) : una iie 
eqoatis frootibns {Riddle: after Virg.). 
ne PhFfgiana were the first who drove 
two horses abreast, bigas primas junxit 
Piiiygum natio (JPlin.). 7^ ioraes yoked 
abreast to a chariot, btjnges eqni (Firg.). 

ABRADE, abradere; deradere (also, 
to make smooth by catting away) : sobra- 
dfcre (to sAooe eg from beneatk) : drcum- 
radoe (to Aave of all round). 

ABRASION, circnmrasio (paring 
rmtnd, Plin.). 

ABREPTION, raptns (virginis, forcible 
JMmrtion, Cic) : ereptio (opposed to em- 
tio, Cfe). 

ABRU>GE, contrahere (to dram in; 
oraticneni, Cic) : in aogostum oogere 
(commentaiios, Sot) : ampotare (to pnntc 
aioay superfiuitiet, narratioiiem) : prsci- 
dere (to aa at the end ; to cut Aort ; a 
speedL, &c) : minuere (to lessen ; e. g., 
power, autjioritf, apenses) : inmiinuere 
Uo lessen, and so weaken, libeitatem, Cic) : 
d^rahere aliqaid de aKqud re ; breve aH- 
quid facere ; ad justam brevitatem revo- 
eare : redig6re (■• to reduce :" with ad be- 
fore the size to which the work is reduced : 
hoace ipsos ad sex libros redegit Dioph- 
■nes. Varr.). To Aow how the labor of 
teaching may be abridged, brevia docen- 
di manstrare compencUa (QkijU.). || To 
abridge a work, in angustum cogcie ; 
in eiHtomen cogere (Aus.). To abridge 
a voluminous author, aliquem per multa 
rolumina difiusom epitome circumscri- 
bere. Vid. Lessen. 

ABRIDGM£NT, ||o/ a book, epit&ne: 
summarium (about Senecafs tiau, bre- 
Tiarium, Ep., 39, 1) : electa (selections) : 
excerpta (extracts). To publish an abridg- 
ment M sit voluaus of the whole of Diony- 
sius's vohtminous work, totum Diony- 
sium, per multa diffosum volumina, sex 
epitomis circumscribere (Colum.). ||J 
lessening, imndnutio (e. e~, dismitatia, 
Cic) : deminutio (a lessening by subtrac- 
tion, of liberty, taxes, ic). 

ABROACH. To set acask abroach, do- 
Bum relinere (opposed to oblinere, to fast- 
en & up with jritch or resin). 

ABROAD, foris (out of a place ; out of 
doors: foris cceoare, to dine abroad or 
out) : peregre (in another country ; e. s., 
habitare, to live abroad). To Go abroad, 
(1) apptar in public, in publicum pro- 
dire or procedere; (2) visit foreign 
countries, peregre proficisci. To be 
ABROAD, (1) to be in a foreign coun- 
try, peregrinari; ^ not to under- 
stand, aliquid nesare, ignorare ; alica- 
jus rei isnarum esse; in aliqxiS re non 
multum intelligere (e. g., ik statues, pic- 
tures) ; in aliqua re rudem esse ; alicujus 
rei rudem or impeiitum, or rudem et im- 
peritiun esse ; in aUquA re peregrinnm 
atqne hoe{ritem esse. To return from 
il I «!■< per^re redlre. iTo pablisk any 



ABSO 

litng abroad, aliquid foras fHoferre, in 
apertum proferre, divulgare. To be 
spread abroad far and wuie, late longe- 
que diffundi To get abroad, emanare 
(to leak out, of secrets). To be generally 
talked abroad, omniiun sennone celebra- 
ri Vid. "Get abroad," "Coxx abroad." 

ABROGATE, abrogare (to aboUA by 
the authority of the pe^le) : deroeare legi 
or aUquid de lege (of a partial mbo Htio n ; 
but some t imes »Sk ace for abrogare, Och- 
sner) : obrogare legi (to repeal it wkolbf 
or in part by a subsequent enactment). 

ABROGATION, abrogatio (legia, dc) ; 
derogatio. obrogatia Vid. Snt. w Ab- 
rogate. 

ABRUPT, abmptns (of what sinks sud 
denly and perpendicularly) : prsraptus 
(abruptly steep; but rough and craggy). 
H Fig., sudden, snbitus ; repentinus ; 
non ante proTisus, improrisna. Sec Vid. 
SiTSDKR. An abrupt style, abmptos aer- 
mo ; abrupUua sennonia genus (obscure 
from over-eondseness and want of connec- 
tion). An abrupt beginning, abmptnm 
initinin (the veh ement, impetuous begin- 
ning of an oration). 

ABRUPTION, abruptio (the breaking 
of ; e. g., conigis) : arukio (fhe tearing 
of). 

ABRUPTLY, abrupte; pnerupte. Srw. 
in.KBKXJTT. |5K<f^en{|r, subito; repen- 
te. derepente, repenOno, nee opinato, &c 

Md. SCDDENT.T. 

ABRUPTNESS, Ifo one word, ezeept 
what celeritas, kjc-, may do. It may gen- 
erally be translated by an adj. or adv. 
The abruptness of his d^farture, rep^ilina. 
necopinata, tec, ejus profectio. Witk ab- 
ruptness, abrupte, Sui. 

ABSCESS, ulcus (general term for a 
suppurating wound) : apostema, atis; aba- 
cesBos (a&*ce**). J htfoe a* (^>tcess under 
auf tongue:, sub lingai aliqaid abscedit. 

ABSCISSION, desectio ; resectio (gen^ 
eral terms) : ampntatio (pruning). 

ABSCOND, deUtescere, abditum latere, 
in occulto se continere. i^>ditum et incln- 
som in occulto latere (to lie kid) : fe ab- 
dere ; se abdere in occnltum (to hidi onis 
self) : se occnltare alicui or a con*pectu 
ahcujus (to hide from a person) : clam se 
subducere : se subtrahere. 

ABSENCE, absentia. In his absence, 
dum aliquia abest ; absente aliquo, or ab- 
sena (in agreement with the person meant : 
in absentii or per absentiam alicujus, 
Cfurt, Just, should not be imitated). \\ Ab- 
sence abroad, peregrinatio. || ^ ^ 
senee of mind, *animas rarietate re- 
rum didnctus ; * animus alienis rebus dis- 
tentos (L e-, distracted with other thoughts). 
Leave of absencr. Vid. FrRLorGH. 

ABSENT, absens. To be absent, abesse 
loco or ex loco. To be absent abroad per- 
egrinari. HFig., to be absent, animo 
eicurrere et vagari / wis absent when 
I did it, ' aliud cosltans feci 

ABSENT ONE'S SELF. || Withdraw 
cole's self, se amoTere ; a re aliqui re- 
cedene, or se sevocare, se removere. To 
absent on£s sdf(for a time) from the fo- 
rum, senate-house, foro, senatu carere. 
^Not to appear, non comparere : in 
conspectum non venire : domi or dome 
se tenere (keep on^s sdfat home). 

ABSOLUTE, \\ complete, absolutus, 
perfectus. Jn. abeolntns et perfectas; 
perfectus atque absolutus : espletua et 
perfectus : perfectus cumulatusque ; per- 
fectus completusque : perfectus exple- 
tusque omnibus suis numeris et partibua. 
WUnconditional, simplex: absolutus, 
mostly together; simplex et absolutoa 
(opposed to cum adjnnctione : e. g., neces- 
siy, necessitndo, Cic). To pati absolute 
obedience, alicui sine uUd exceptione pa- 
rere. ^Unlimited, infinitua (not term- 
inated) : summus (the higkesi). Absolute 
power, infinita or snmma potestas. Ab- 
solute sovereignty, imperium sununum, 
quum dominatu unins omnia tenentur ; 
qunm prindpis arbitrium, or libido regis, 
pro legibus est (r. JusL, 1, 1, 2, and 2. 7, 
3) : domtnatio. AbsoluU necessity, sum- 
ma or extrema necessitas. Jilfot rela- 
tive, considered in itself, simpGciter 
et ex sui vi ccmsideratas (r. Cic, Inn., 2, 
33, 103). Tbx AxsoLtm, t» pkHosopky, 



AB ST 

id quod semper est simplex et anitiaiio- 
di, et tale, quale est 

ABSOLUTELY, licompletely, per- 

fecte : absolute (wUkout drfeet) : ptane. 

prorsos, omnino (guite). ^(Jneoni^ 

tionally, sine adjonctiooe; sine exc^K 

tione (wUkout condition or e rc y rt om). 

y/m am unlimited manner, arbitnta 

' suo (according to his ovK judgment) : 

; Hbidine or ex libidine (by his own arbitra- 

I ry will). ^Separately, per se ; simpli- 

: citer, et ex sui vi. 

ABSOLVE, II of Ju dges, propr. et oi- 
I propr. : absolvere ; from any thing, a&- 
I eojcs rei (e. g., injuriaram, cajHtia, &&), 
i or, wik referente to any thing, abquA re, 
de aHqaA re (e. g., de regni saqMcione ; 
: de pneraiicatioiK) : exac^rere. fivm a»y 
1 thing, tiSqai. re (e. g., sospicioDe) : Hbe- 
I raicjrom amy thing, ahqa& TV (discharge), 
! To be absolved, Uberatom discedere : in- 
nocentem or innoxium absolri ; ex judi 
do emergere. ^Of priests, *peccato 
rum veniam et impunitatem promittere 
Dei nomine ; * fiatentibua peccata remit- 
tere (Rid). To absolve one under Church 
censures, * aliquem resacrare (* yep., AU 
db., 6). 
■. ABSOLUTION, ^acquittal, absola- 
j tio, of a person, aUcujua; of a criau (a& 
: cnjua rei) : Uberatio (from any thing, al- 
icujus rei). |!ror^ire»e»» of sins, 
poens meritte remisMo (SaL) ; Teniae pro- 
nuntiatio, * Tenia peccatonrm. To pro- 
nounce absolution. Teniae pronuntlationem 
Cscere ('»), *peccatorum veniam et impu- 
nitatem promittere Dei nomine. To re- 
ceive absolution, * peccatorum Teniam im- 
I petrare. To rtceiie priestly absolution (of 
aperson under Church censures), 'per sa- 
I cerdotemre8acraTi(tooa7.i^.,^{cA.,6). 
! ABSONANT ; ABSONOUS, absraias (a 
J re aliqu^ or aScm rei). Vid. Contrart. 
ABSORB, absorbere (swallow up any 
! tking, whether dru or liquid) : exaorbere 
' (to suck up) : devorare (of solids) : ex- 
haorire (to absorb part of a larger body). 
^ Fig., to occupy the whole of, absorb4- 
; re (e. g., of a speech ; a atom's attention). 
To be abmrbed in a business, in negotX) 
, aHquo versari : negotio implicatum esse. 
j To be absorbed m business, occnpatissi- 
mom esse : moltis negotiis (occupationi- 
I bos) implicitum esse ; valde o^otiosum 
t esse ; multis occnpatiixubas distineri. 
: Tie interest tU>sorbs the Cental, ■asQne ^>T- 
tem mergunt iir. iTo appropriate 
to one's self, enotbere (eg, the booty, 
'• praedaa). || 7*0 absorb a color, colo- 
; ran bibere. imbibere (to drink it in). 
• ABSTAIN, abstinere or se abstinere (a) 
j re : se continer^ a re (to hold one's self 
j back from any thing) : temperare sibi 
i quominus, Ac, temperare (abi) ab aliqn& 
re (restrain one's self: not temperare afi- 
; col rei. which is, to restrain any thing 
within limits. Temperare aliqua re is not 
1 Xat./ortNXn-, 30, ^risu if t*c<iat.). To 
\ abstain from food ee absHDeTe dbo ; from 
i fighting, supersedere pugni or proelio ; 
! from tears, lacrimas tenere, temperare • 
i lacrimis (Virg.: temperare lacrimas, ta 
 audenue them. Lie.) ; from laughter, ri- 
sum tenere or continere ; from a person's 
society, alicujus aditnm sermMiemqae 
I defngere; from committing injury and 
I wrong, ab injuria atqne maleficio tempe- 
; rare, or se prohibere. If ot to be able to ab- 
' scmt from, sibi temperare or se continere 
I non posse (followed by quin) : a se impe- 
I trare non posse quin. 

ABSTEMIOUa See Abstinent. An 
otaaBtoiu atan, homo moderatna, tem- 
perane. An abstemious Ufe, vita modera- 
ta, modica. tetnperata. 

ABSTE-'^IOUSLY [SrN. in Absti- 
nence], moderate, modeste. temperan- 
ter, conCinenter. To lire abstemiously, 
continentem e&se in omni victu cultuque. 
ABSTE.MIOUSNESS, )moderatio (the 
ABSTINENCE, iaroi^ng upon 

principle of the too much, as an action) : 
temperantia (general and habitual self- 
government) : continentia (opposed to 1& 
ido. cowtauatd over aU sensual desires): 
modestia (is a habitual preference of At 
modus or true mean : the last three woria 
art qualities) : abetiBentia (cowutand oatr 
the desire for nidi ia asuthei's). Jk. teB» 



AB UN 

perantia et moderatio ; moderatio et 
continentia ; continentia et temperantia. 
Cic., Off., 3, 26, has moderatio continen- 
tia3 et temperantiae. 

ABSTINENT, moderatus tseW.), mod- 
icus : modestus : temperans, tempera- 
tus : continens. Jn. moderatus ac tem- 
perans ; temperatus moderatusque ; con- 
tinens ac temperans. Syn. iu Absti- 
nence. 

ABSTINENTLY. Vid. Abstemiously. 

ABSTRACT, v., \\ trns., to separate 
m the mind, cogitatione separare ; mente 
et cogitatione distinguere ; anirao con- 
templari aliquid ; avocare se a corpore, 
et ad rei cogitationem curd omni studio- 
que rapi {all Cic). \\ To take away 
from, abstrahere, &;c. Vid. Take away. 
11 Reduce to an epitome, in angustum 
or in epitomen cogere. |{ intk., to ab- 
stract from; i. e., take no notice of, put 
aside, mittere, omittcre, missum facere. 
Abstracting from all these, remotis his om- 
nibus ; ut haic omnia sileam or taceam. 

ABSTRACT, adj., sevocatus asensibus; 
abductus a consuetudine oculorum ; ab 
aspectiis judicio remotus. An abstract 
notion, * notio rei a materia sejunctse et 
simplicis ; * notio sola mente percipienda. 
\\ Abstruse, abstrusus {hard to compre- 
hend). In the abstract, cogitatione 
(opposed to re, in the concrete, Cic, Tusc, 
i, 11, 24). To cultivate habits of abstract 
thought, animuni or aciem mentis a con- 
suetudine oculorum subducere ; mentem 
ab oculis, a sensibus sevocare ; animum 
ad se ipsum advocare ; animum a corpo- 
ra abstrahere or secemere. 

ABSTRACTION, \\the power of ab- 
straction, animum a corpore abstrahendi 
vis {after Cic, Somn. Scip., 9). 

ABSTRACT, || epitome, epitome, sum- 
marium: later, breviarium. \\ Extract, 
e. g., from plants, dilutum (e. g., absinthii). 
II Sum of many things, containing all in 
o»e,isumma; summa summarum (Pfaui., 
iMcr., Sen.). 

ABSTRUSE, abstrasus, obscurus, oc- 
cultus, involutas, occultus et quasi invo- 
lutus. Profound and abstruse learning, 
literiB non vulgares, sed qua^dam interi- 
ores et reconditae. A aomewhat abstruse 
discussion, disputatio paulo abstrusior, 

ABSTRUSELY, obscure. 

ABSTRUSENESS, obscuritas. 

ABSURD, insulsus (=:in-sal3us) : ab- 
eurdus {foolish, senseless) : ineptus (= in- 
aptus, without tact and propriety) : intice- 
tus {opposed to f'acetus. — All three of men 
and things) : fatuus {weak, foolish, of per- 
sons). Jn. ineptus et absurdus. Some- 
tchat absurd, subabsurdus. Very absurd, 
perabsurdus. To be absurd, ineptire ; 
nugari, nugas agere. || Contradictory 
to reason, rationi repugnans. To be ab- 
surd, rationi repugnare. 

ABSURDITY, insulsitas, absurditas, fa- 
tuitas. SYN.in Absurd. \\A7i absurd- 
ity, res insulsa, absurda, inepta, inficeta: 
ineptite, nugas : deliramentum {a piece 
of mad absurdity). 

ABSURDLY, inepte, nbsurde, inficete, 
insulse. || Foolishly, fatue, stulto, stoli- 
de. I! Childishly, pueriliter. Somewhat 
absurdly, subabsurde. Very absurdly, 
perabsurde. 

ABUNDANCE, abundantia, affluentia 
{the having somewhat more than one use.s) : 
ubertas {a large supply, without reference 
to what is rcrjuired). Abundance of pro- 
visions, copim {Ciis., B. G., 1, 30.) Abund- 
ance of goods, suppeditatio bonorum. 
Abundance of all things, omnium rcrum 
abundantia, affluentia ; affluenttjs omni- 
um rcrum copiae. Also, Jn. satiiritas ro- 
piaque. \\To have abundance. Vid. 
Abound. 

ABUNDANT, abundans, afflueng, coju- 
osus (e. g., patrimonium) : uber (e. g., 
produce, fructus) : opiraus (e. g., harvest, 
messis). We have abundant reason to 
complain, justissimo or jure optimo que- 
rimur ; non sine causi quorimur ; justis- 
eima est causa cur queramur, or querendi. 

ABUNDANTLY, abunde, satis super- 



1 Aa in " the abstract of all faults," 
Shak, "the abstract of tiiem ail,'' Dryd. 



ACAD 

que {more than enough : denote a quali- 
ty) : abuudanter {in an abundant man- 
ner) : cumulate {in heaped-up measure) : 
prolixe, effuse {in superabundance). 
Jn. prolixe effuseque ; large effuseque. 
Abundantly furnished with any thing, 
liberaliter instructus aliqua re. To reap 
an abundant harvest, large condere. 

ABUSE, v., II use improperly, aliquEi 
re perverse uti or abiiti : immodice, in- 
temperanter, insolenter, insolenter et im- 
modice abuti aliqua ro (to exceed the lim- 
its of modesty or moderation in using any 
thing ; e. g., alicujus indulgentia, patien- 
tia. From the context, abuti aliqud re may 
do alone, but its real meaning is only to use 
copiously). To abuse to or fur any thing, 
ad aliquid. \\Abus.e the person, aliqua 
abuti. \\To rail at, convicium alicui fa- 
cere ; aliquem conviciis consectari, inces- 
sere ; alicui maledicere ; aliquem male- 
dictis insectari ; maledicta in aliquem di- 
cere, conferre, conjicere ; probris et mal- 
edictis aliquem vexare ; maledictis or pro- 
bris aliquem increpare ; maledictis ali- 
quem figere ; contumeliosis verbis ali- 
quem prosequi. To abuse any body 
through thick and thin, omnibus maledic- 
tis aliquem vexare ; omnia maledicta in 
aliquem conferre. To abuse any body in 
his absence, alicui absenti maledicere ; 
contumelioise dicere aliquid de aliquo ab- 
sente ; aliquem absentem dente maledico 
carpere. 

ABUSE, «., \\the improper use of any 
thing, * usus, or abiisus, perversus {a per- 
verse use) : * usus, or abusus, immodes- 
tus, intemperans, insolens (a use exceed- 
ing the bounds of propriety. From the 
context abusus alone might do, though it 
means only the using up of any thing). 
\\Iinproper custom; mos pravus 
{against correct and established custom) : 
quod contra jus fasque est {against hu- 
man and divine laws). An abuse prevails, 
percrebrescit mos pravus {Tuc, Ann., 15, 
19, init.); to remove abuses, * mores pravoe 
or ea quas contra jus fasque sunt abolere. 
\\Railing language, maledictum {any 
injurious word) : convicium {any abusive 
word) : probrum {a7iy attack on another's 
honor). To heap abuse on any body, or load 
any body with abuse, omnibus maledictis 
aliquem vexare ; omnia maledicta in ali- 
quem conferre. 

ABUSER, II one who uses improp- 
erly, homo perverse (jterversely), immo- 
dice, interaperanter, insolenter, insolenter 
et immodice aliqua re abutens. 

ABUSIVE, contumeliosus {injurious to 
a man's honor) : probrosus (the same ; 
but implying a violent oiUbreak in words) : 
maledicus {using injurious words). An 
abusive word, vox contumeliosa ; verbum 
contumeliosum. An abusive lampoon, 
carmen probrosum. 

ABUSIVELY, contumeliose, turj)iter : 
maledice. 

ABUT ON, finitimum, vicinum, confi- 
nem alicui esse {especially of a nation 
bordering on another) : adjaccre, immi- 
nere alicui terras ; tangere, attingere, con- 
tingere terram {especially of adjoining 
territories; the latter implying a conse- 
quent friendship). 

ABUTTING ON, finitimus, confinis 
{having a common boundary) : conjunc- 
tus alicui loco {locally connected with) : 
continens alicui loco or cum aliquo loco 
{joining it). 

ABYSS, infinita or immensa altitudo : 
vorago {abyss ; chasm) : gurccs {whirl- 
pool) : barathrum {is a poetical expres- 
sion) : profundum {with or without ma- 
ris ; abyss of the sea). \\ Fig., manifest 
overwhelming danger; vonigo ; pes- 
tis, pemicies. To plunge into an abyss 
of danger, ad pestem ante oculos positam 
proficisci ; in prasccps ruore. 

ACACIA. Acanthus {the Egyinian Aca- 
cia, Mimosa Nilolica, Linn.). 

ACADEMY, Wassociation of learn- 
ed men, academia. To be chosen mem- 
ber of an academy, academiie socium ad- 
scribi. WSchool, schola {as a place where 
instruction is given in the sciences) : lu- 
dus discendi or literarum (a place where 
young people are taught to read and write). 
Academic, acadOmicua {properly, re- 



A C CE 

lating to the Academia, and cnnsequentltf 
to the school of Aristotle). 
ACADEMICIAN, * academiffi socius. 
ACCEDE, accedere alicui rei or ad ali- 
quid (e. g., to apian ; opposed to abhorre- 
re a re) : astipulari alicui ; sentii'C cum ali- 
quo {assent to) : aliquid probare {to approve 
of) : aunuere {absol. or with ace. ; to nod 
assent). To accede to an opinion, sen- 
tentisB assentiri ; sententiam accipere (to 
receive it favorably). To accede to any 
body's opinion, alicujus sententiam assen- 
sione comprobare (approve of it); alicujus 
sententiam sequi (to follow it) ; ad alicu- 
jus sententiam accedere (accede to) ; ire, 
pedibus ire, discedere, concedere, transi- 
re in alicujus sententiam (to accede to an 
opinion ; of a senator passing to the side 
of him whose opinion he supports ; trans- 
ire implying that a different opinion waa 
at first eiitertained). — Not to accede to an 
opinion, sententiam repudiare; abhorre- 
re a re ; assensum cohibere a re ; se ab 
assensu sustinere ; asseneum retinere. 
To accede to a league, ad societateui ac- 
cedere or se applicare. 

ACCELER.4TE, accelerare aliquid (to 
endeavor to bring any thing about quick- 
ly) : maturare aliquid, or with inf. (not to 
put off any thing which should be done 
now; but admaturare is only^to bring 
any thing to maturity. Cies., B. G., 7, 
54) : repraisentare aUquid (to execute any 
thing without delay ; even before the lime) : 
prascipitare aliquid (to accelerate it loo 
much). To accelerate his departure or 
journey, maturare or accelerare iter ; 
properare proficisci (to hasten to set out) ; 
mature proficisci {to set out in good time). 
To accelerate one's arrival, mature venire. 
To accelerate one's ruin, maturare sibi ex- 
itum. To accelerate a man's ruin, praj- 
cipitantem irapellere. 

ACCELERATION, acceleratio, matu- 
ratio (both in Auct. ad Herenn.). 

ACCENT, v., II in pronuticiation, 
certum vocis admovere sonum ; cum 
sono quodam vocis pronuntiare. |! In 
writing, apponere syllabaj notam m 
apicem (the last, if it is long). 

ACCENT, s., II in pronunciation, 
vocis sonus ( Cic. ) : accentus, tenor 
(Quint.) : tonus (Nigid. ap. Gell., 13, 25). 
Acute accent, sonus vocis acutus. || In 
writing, vocis nota (Gell., 13, 6) : apex 
(the mark of a long syllable, but different 
from the circumflex. Spald., Quint., 1, 5, 
23). To place an accent. Vid. Accent, ti. 
ACCENTUATE. Vid. Accent, ». 
ACCENTUATION, voculatio (Nigid. 
ap. Gell.) : accentus (Gell.). 

ACCEPT. (A) PROPR., \\ to receive 
something offered, accipere : money from 
any body, pecuniam ab ahquo (also to al- 
low o?ie's self to be bribed). II To under- 
take, suscipere ; recipere (the former, es- 
pecially of free-will ; the latter, on being 
asked. Both of accepting an office, &c.) : 
not to accept any thing; e. g., an office, de- 
precari munus. (B) impropr., || approve 
of; am satisfied with; accipere (ac- 
cept it) : probare {approve of it) : admit- 
tere {permit, approve) : agnoscere (ac- 
knowledge; e. g., praise, lionor). Accept an 
invitation, * promitU-re se venturum esse ; 
an invitation to dine with any body, pro- 
mittere ad coenam, or promittere ad ali- 
quem (not condicere alicui, which is, to 
iw'ite myself to dine with any body). JS'ot 
to accept an offered honor, oblatum bono- 
rem respuere : an offor of battle, pugnam 
detrectare. To accept any body a.i bail, al- 
iquem vadem accipere. To accept a pro- 
posal or terms, coiulitionem accipere ; ad 
conditionem accedere or (after long con- 
sideration) desccndere (opposed to conditi- 
onem respuere, repudiare, or aspernari). 
To accept it very gladly, * conditionem cii- 
pidissime accipere ; without hesitation, 
*non dubito accipere quod defertur; not 
to accept the proposals of peace, pacis condi- 
tiones dimittcre. The conditions of peace 
are accepted, pacis conditiones convciii- 
unt ; to accept an excuse, excusationem, or 
causam, or satisfactionem (a justification) 
accipere. I accept your explanation or ex- 
cuse, valet apud me excusatio tua. || A p- 
prove and follow: to accept advice, 
consilium accipere ; to accept consolation, 



ACCI 

eonsolationem suscipere. !| To act to- 
ward a person with partial regard, 
ali ujus rationem habere. Not to accept 
the persons of men, nullius rationem ha- 
bere : delectum omnem et discrunen 
oraittere ; auctoritates omittere. 

ACCEPTABLE, acceptus {^UuUy re- 
ceieed, tcelcome) : gratus (causing' in us 
a feeling of obligation from its value to 
us) : jucundus {causing in us the feeling 
of delight) : sua vis, dulcis, mollis (sua vis, 
dulcis, sweet, mollis, soft ; agreeably offer- 
ing the mittd. All these of persons and 
Hungs) : carus (dear) : dilectus (valued, 
beloved), gratiosus alicui or apud aliquem 
Qtigh in his favor). An acceptable time, 
commodum tempus; opportunum or ido- 
neum tempus. Very acceptable, pergratus, 
perjucundus. To be acceptable, jucundum 
esse, placere (both of persons and things). 

ACCEPTABLENESS, jucunditas, gra- 
tia, dulcedo, suavitas. Vid. Stn. in Ac- 
ceptable. 

ACCEPTABLY, jucunde, suaviter. 
II .^t the right time, opportiine, per- 
opportune. 

ACCEPTANCE, acceptio : comproba- 
tio (impropr. approval). Acceptance of 
bail or security, satisacceptio (Pompon., 
Dig., 45, 1, 5). 

ACCEPTATION. Vid. Meanixg. 

ACCESS, \\ approach., as place, ad- 
Itus. To close every access, omnes aditus 
claudere, intercludere, prsecludere ; om- 
nes aditus obstruere (to block up). 
WMeans or liberty of approaching, 
aditus. To have access to any thing, ha- 
bere aditum ad aliqiiid ; aditus alicui ad ali- 
quid patet To debar any body from ac- 
cess, aditu aliquem prohibere ; aditum al- 
icui intercludere. Easy of access, ad ali- 
quem feciles sunt aditus. He is easy of 
access, aditus ad eum est facilis ; eum ad- 
ire possunt omnes. He is cosy of access 
to private individuals, faciles aditus (sunt) 
ad eum privatorum. He is difficult of ac- 
cess, aditus ad euijji sunt difficiUores ; con- 
venientibus est duficilis ; ran est aditds. 
To give access to, patefacere alicui aditum 
ad aliquid. To obtain access to any thing, 
aditus sibi comparare ad aliquid. || In- 
crease, addition. Vid. Accession. 
II Return or fit of a distemper, accessio 
(febris, &c.) : novse tentationes (morbi, 
fee., relapses, opposed to vetua morbus, 
Oc, Au., 10, 17, 2). 

ACCESSIBLE, patens, facilis accessu 
(of places) : ad aliquem faciles sunt adi- 
tus (of persons). To be accessible, patere 
(of places : for persons, vid. " easy of ac- 
cess," under Access). To render any 
thing accessible to any body, aditum ali- 
cui dare ad aliquid ; patefacere alicui ad- 
itum or viam ad aliquid. He is accessible 
to flatterers, aliquem orfacUem aditum ad 
aures alicujus adulatores habent. 

ACCESSION, accessio (both accession 
in the abstract ; and the a^ded portion, or 
accession in the concrete) : incrementum 
(increase). Accessions of fortune and dig- 
nity, accessiones et fortunse et dignitatu, 
Cic. To receive accessions, crescere, ac- 
crescere, augeri ; incrementis augescere ; 
cumulus accedit alicui reL To receive 
large accessions, magnus cumulus acce- 
dit alicui rei They were constantly receiv- 
ing fresh accessions, augebatur illis co- 
pia. \\Act of joining a party, &x. 
Crcl. with verb. Your accession to our 
party, quod tu in pfirtes nostras transiisti, 
or te nobis adjunxisti, &c. || Time of 
arriving at; e. g., accession to the 
throne, initium regni (beginning of 
reign) ; or by crcL with regnare coepisse, 
&c. TTie day of his accession, dies quo 
regnare primum coepit 

ACCESSORY, adj. Vid. Additionai.. 

ACCESSORY, s., alicujus rei or alicui 
rei affinis (e. g., facinori, noxae, <fec.) : 
conscius : correus (a legal term for one 
put on his trial at the same time on the 
tame charge, Dlpian) : particeps alicujus 
rei (e. g., conjurationis) : socius (e. g., sce- 
leris). iJg^Thete words do not express 
an accessory as opposed to a principaL 

ACCIDENCE, grammatices elementa 
(Quint.). He is learning his accidence, 
primis dementis or Uteris imbuitur. 

ACCIDENT, 11 accidental occur- 



ACCO 

rence, casus, res fortuita. Generidly to 
be translated by v.: it was an accident, 
casu factum est. By accident, forte (by 
chance; without particular stress on the 
chance) : casu (by chance : opposed to con- 
sulto) : fortuito, fortuitu (by mere chance : 
opposed to causa). Jn. casu et fortuitu 
or fortuito ; temere (without previous re- 
flection ; implying that it would not httve 
been done with u) : forte fortuni, (by a 
lucky chance). To trust to the chapter of 
accidents, rem in casum ancipitis eventds 
committere (to trust any thing to chance) : 
casum potius quam consilium seqni (to 
trust to chance rather than counsel). It 
happened by accident, &c., forte evenit nt ; 
casu accidit ut ; forte ita incidit ut To 
mention any thing by accident, in menti- 
onem alicujus rei incidere. \\ Accidents 
■^non-essential properties, accidentia, pi. 
(rerum, &c., Quint, rd avixSt^nKOTa). 

ACCIDENTAL, fortuitus : forte obla- 
tus (accidentally offered, as an opportu- 
nity) : in casu positus (depending on 
chance) : non necessarius (not necessary). 
adventitius (not customarily added to u). 
The accidental concourse of atoms, for- 
tviitus concursus atomorum. 

ACCIDENTALLY. Vid. By accident, 
under Accidext. 

ACCLAIM, s. Vid. Acci.amation'. 

ACCL.iMATION, acclamatio, clamo- 
res (acclamatio especially of the people 
shouting out in honor of a popular person, 
in the historians : for in Cic. it means a 
shout of disapprobation). Jn. plausua 
clamoresque. To receive any thing with 
acclamations, plausu et clamore prosequi 
aliquid ; with loud acclamations, magno 
clamore approbare aliquid. To receive 
any body with acclamations, acclamare al- 
icui (in Cic, to cry out against). To re- 
ceive any body with loud acclamations, 
clamore et vocibus alicui astrepere. 
fPith loud acclamations, cum plausibus 
clamoribu sque. 

ACCLIVITY, accUvitas (coUis, Cas.). 

ACCLIVOUS, acclJvus or acclivis (op- 
posed to declivis). 

ACCOMMODABLE, crcl. with accom- 
modari posse ad aliquid. 

ACCOMMODATE, trxs., accommoda- 
re aliquid alicui or ad rem ; facere or ef- 
ficere ut aliquid congruat or conveniat 
cum re (to make any thing agree with 
another). To accommodate the expression 
to the thoughts, verba ad sensus aecom- 
modare; sententias accommodare voci- 
bus. The thoughts are accommodated to 
the opinions and habits of men, sententias 
aptee sunt opinionibus hominum et mori- 
bus ; to accommodate a speech to the place, 
the circumstances, and persons, orationem 
accommodare locis, temporibus et perso- 
nis. II To be conformable to. Vid. 
Spit. || Oblige any body in any thing, 
accommodare alicui de aliqud re (Cic). 

ACCOM.MODATE, adj. Vid. Sufta- 
BLE, Fit. 

ACCOMMODATING, obsgquens (ready 
to comply with the wishes of another) : fa- 
cilis (opposed to difficilis, complaisant ; 
easily orought to meet the wishes of others) : 
officiosus (ready to perform services). To 
be accommodating toward anybody, alicu- 
jus voluntati morem gerere, obsSqui 
Know that you are a great deal too accom- 
modating, te esse auricula infimd moHi- 
orem scito (Cic): The liberality and ac- 
commodating spirit of the magistrates, Bb- 
eralitas atque accommodatio magistratu- 
um (Cic). 

ACCOMMOD.4.TION, || adaptation, 
accommodatio ad aliquid. |j Conven- 
ience, crcl. ; e. g., to be an accommodation, 
utile esse, usui esse, ex usu esse, utilita- 
tem atferre, &c. 

ACCOMPANY, (A) pbopb., comitari 
aliquem or aliquid ; comitem alicnjos 
esse ; comitem se alicui dare, prsb^re, 
adjimgere (to accompany os a compan- 
ion) : prosequi aliquem or aliquid (to at- 
tend, for the purpose of testifying respect) : 
deducere (to attend, as a mark of respect; 
e. g.> a Roman senator from his house to 
the forum, or from the forum to his house ; 
also, a bride to her new home) : sectari, as- 
sectari (to attach one's self to a superior, 
as one of his followers; e. g., of scholars 



ACCO 

and dependents) : inter comites alicujus 
aspici (to be one of his companions). To 
accompany any body to his residence, pro- 
sequi, deducere aliquem domum ; to be 
accompanied by a crowd, stipari (e. g., non 
usitata frequentiei). (B) impkopb. || To 
do or testify any thing to a depart- 
ing friend, prosequi aliquem (e. s., with 
tears and good wishes, lacrimis voQsque). 
To accompany one's gift with obliging 
words, munus suum omare verbis ; a 
song with music, or mime with the voice, 
Tocem tidibus jungere ; ad chordarum 
sonum cantare ; a song with the lute, car- 
men formare cithard (v. Gierig, Plin., 
Ep., 4, 19, 1). To accompany o singer 
with the flute, concinere alicui pronunci- 
anti ; the horns which accompany the lyre, 
comua ea quae ad nervos resonant in 
cantibus. 

ACCOMPLICE, crimini affinis : con- 
scius (possessing a guilty knowledge) : 
corrdus (a legal term, Vlpian in Pan- 
dect.). To declare his accomplices, con- 
scios edere ; to conceal them, conscios ce- 
lare. 

ACCOMPLISH, conficere (the proper 
word ; e. g., its yearly course, cursus an- 
nuos ; a task, negotium) : efficere, ad el- 
fectum perducere (e. g., alicujus manda- 
ta) : exsequi, perseqai (to follow up to the 
end ; e. g., negotia, alicujus mandata, im- 
perium) : peragere (to go through rcith, 
to employ one's self about it from begin- 
ning to end ; e. g., consulatum) : ad exi- 
tum adducere, ad finem perducere (to 
bring any thing to its end) : absolvere 
(to finish any thing, and have done with 
«): perficere. \\To fulfill, ratum esse 
jubere. \\To be accomplished ; of 
prophecies, &;c., evenire, evadere, exitum 
habere. Our dreams are accomplished, 
somnia, or quas soraniavimus, evadunt 

ACCOMPLISHED (as panic, v. Ac- 
complish), }^possessing some ele- 
gant Jearrein^, tinctus Uteris: elegan- 
tiorum Uterarum studio sus or amans : el- 
•egantiorum Uterarum intelUgens. |i It is 
accomplished, actum est. 

ACCO.MPLISHER, confector, exsecu- 
tor, effector. Vid. verbs under Accom- 
plish. 

ACCOMPLISHMENT, || completion, 
confectio, exsecutio, effectio. (Vid. th* 
verbs under Accomplish.) || State of 
perfection, absolutio, perfectio. Ji». 
absolatio perfectioque. || Accomplish- 
ments, elegantiores Uterae; ingenuae et 
humansB artes (but these phrases have a 
more extensive meaning than accom- 
plishments): humanitas (when spoken 
of collectively, as forming a character ; 
e. g., lvalue him on.account of his accom- 
pliihments). 

ACCORD, V. iNTR., concinere (to be »n 
tune with ; to harmonize) : concordare (to 
have the same mind, but may be used of 
things) : consentire (to think the same 
thing, but may be used of things) : con- 
venire, congniere (come together ; hence, 
agree, suit, fit). To accord uith any body 
or any thing, cum aliquo or aliqua re con- 
cinere, consentire, congruere. To accord 
together, inter se concinere, concordare, 
(fee. TENS., II to accord (migrant) a re- 
quest, preces aUcujus audire, precibus al- 
icujus cedere. Vid. Grant. 

ACCORD, «., Wagreement, consen- 
sus, consensio, concentus, convenientia. 
Syn. under Accord, v. With one accord, 
uno ore (of exclamations, &c.) omninm 
or communi consensu. Of ontfs own ac- 
cord, sponte (opposed to casu or necessi- 
tate ; voluntarily) : sponte sud (opposed 
to rogatus, provocatus, invitatus: quite 
of ori^s own accord) : ultro (fn an over- 
ready, unusual, or unaccountable man- 
ner) : voluntate (opposed to metu, invi- 
tus, coactus, willingly). 

ACCORDANCE. Vid. Accord. 

ACCORDING AS, pro eo nt, generally 
protit (bia not proiiti, nor, in this mean- 
ing, pro eo ac w pro eo quod). Accord- 
ing as the occasion requires, prout res 
postulat Alsoby phrases with "pro, e%,e: 
according as each man's circumstances per- 
mitted, pro cujusque facultatibuf ; accord- 
ing as circumstances require; according 
as occasion may arise, pro re ; pro re nat^ 
5 



AC C O 

pro tempore ; e re ; ex tempore ; ex re 
et ex tempore. 

ACCORDING TO, ad or secundum 
(toitli ace. ; in agreement with) : ex (in 
(xn^eqiience of; of an actwi arising 
from, or out of, something) : de (pro- 
ceeding from) : pro (in proportion to ; 
for). To speak according to truth, ad 
veritatem loqui : according to nature, se- 
cundum naturam : according to the laws, 
secundum leges (opposed to contra le- 
ges) :^ according to your opinion, ex sen- 
tentid tua, or de sententia tua ; impera- 
tores de omnium populorum sententia 
delecti : according to law, ex lege (as a 
consequence of, and in conformity with, a 
particular enactment) : according to cir- 
cumstances, pro tempore et pro re ; ex 
re et ex tempore : according to my con- 
sular authority, pro auctoritate consula- 
ri : according to my regard for you, pro 
eo, quanti te facio : according to their 
several weights, pro eo quantum in quo- 
que sit ponderis. Often by the abl. alone : 
according to his custom, institute suo : 
according to the custom of the Romans, 
consuetudine Romanorum. \\S uit a- 
bly ; in agreement with: convenien- 
ter or cougruenter alicui rei ; apte ad 
aliquid. 

ACCORDINGLY, ||J7i conformity 
with something before mentioned; ad, 
secundum, convenienter, &c., governing 
the thi?ig meant, which is generally omit- 
ted in English, or by ut, uti (as) with a 
verb.^ WConsequently, itaque (anc( so 
of a consequence naturally following what 
lias been stated) : igitur and ergo (conse- 
quently, therefore ; the latter dwelling more 
emphatically on the necessity of the conse- 
quence) : quae quum ita sint ; res quum 
ita se habeat (fhis being the case). 

ACCOST, alloqui aliquem (the usual 
expression for addressing a person ; e. g., 
to salute, warn, comfort, &c.) : aifiri ali- 
quem (to accost in a feeling or solemn 
manner ; a more select expression than al- 
loqui, and therefore less common in prose. 
Used in the pres. indie, except the \st pers. ; 
in partic. injin. and 'id pers. imperat.) : 
appellare aliquem (to address him for the 
purpose of drawing him into conversation, 
and saying to him something of import- 
ance ; or of preferring a request) : com- 
pellare (in prose, is to address in a harsh, 
reproachful manner). To accost any body 
by name, nominatim or nominans aliquem 
appellare (nominatim aliquem compoUo, 
implies a personal attack). To accost in a 
friendly, intimate manner, blande, famUi- 
ariter alloqui aliquem ; courteously, po- 
litely, liberaliter appellare aliquem. 

ACCOUCHEMENT, partus, less fre- 
quently puerperium. To be near her ac- 
couchement, vicinam esse ad pariendum. 
At her first accxyuehement, primo partu. 

ACCOUNT, ratio (account, generally ; 
and also=zreckoning : of ten rationes when 
the account is a complex one) : nomen (the 
account of an individual who is in a man's 
books). A little account, ratiuncula. An 
account of receipts and expenditure, ratio 
accepti et expensi. To have a settlement 
of accounts with any body, putare ratio- 
nem cum aliquo ; calciilum ponere cum 
aliquo ; alicui rationem reddere (of the 
debtor) ; aliquem vocare ad calculos (of 
the creditor). To examine an account, 
rationem cognoscere ; rationes inspicere. 
To go through a man's account, rationes 
alicujus excutere, dispungere. To state 
and balance an account, rationes confi- 
cere et consolidare. To cast up an ac- 
count, rationes or calculos subducere ; 
rationem inire et subducere. The ac- 
count agrees, or is right, ratio constat, 
convenit, apparet. His account of re- 
ceipts and disbursements comes right, ra- 
tio accepti et expensi par est The ac- 
count comes right to a farthing, ratio ad 
uummum convenit To have an accotnu 
with any body (e. g., as a partner, credit- 
or, &c.), ratione cum aliquo conjunctum 



1 Thus a sentence like, "to believe 

rightly and fo live accordingly," must be 

turned into "to believe rightly and to 

ive according to his belief," or "as he he- 

ieves." 

6 



AC C O 

esse. He has a heavy account against 
me, grandem pecuniam alicui debeo. I 
have a heavy account against him, magna 
ratio mihi cum eo contracta est To set- 
tle an account, rationem expedire, sol- 
vere, exsolvere. To demand the settle- 
ment of an account, nomen exigere. To 
draw up or make out an account, ratio- 
nem conficere. To bring to ajxount, 
imputare (dat. of person against whom); 
alicui expensum ferre (to set a sum down 
in one's accounts as paid to any body) ; 
rationibus inferre ; in rationem indu- 
cere ; or inferre, inducere only ; in codi- 
cem accepti et expensi referre ; to set it 
down in one's accounts as given to any 
body, in rationibus alicui datum inducere 
aliquid. Set it down to my account ; i. e., 
against me, mihi expensum feras. To 
adjust or settle one's family accou7its, ra- 
tiones familiares componere. To return 
or give in one's accomits, rationes referre 
or ad asrarium referre (of a magistrate 
who has received public money). Gn my 
oion account, meo nomine (propr. ; then 
impr. at my own risk). \\ Reckoning, 
explanation: to call a man to account, 
rationem ab aliquo reposcere. To give 
an account, rationem re'ddere. The day of 
account, * dies rationis reddendae. {| A id- 
vantage, quaestus, lucrum: to find his 
account in any thing, qusestum facere in 
aliquEt re ; satis lucri facere ex aliqua re. 
II Regard, 'respect to, ratio : to take ac- 
count of; i. e., consider, regard, alicujus 
rei rationem ducere or habere. To take 
no account of, negligere aliquem or ali- 
quid, nihil curare aUquid. To make no 
account but that, non or nihil dubitare 
quin, &c. \\Narration, narratio ; re- 
latio (e. g., in chronicles, &c., post-Aug.), 
rei gestae expositio. To give an account, 
narrare alicui aliquid or.de aliqud re : ex- 
ponere, explicare (to give a full account) : 
enarrare (to give a full and orderly ac- 
count). Also pluribus verbis exponere ; 
rem ordine enarrare ; cuncta, ut sunt 
acta, exponere ; enarrare alicui rem, quo 
pacto se habeat There are two accounts 
of that, de aliqui re duplex memoria est, 
or (for reports of recent events) duplex 
fama est There are different accounts 
(in books, &c.), variatur memoria actse 
rei. WEstimation, value: to be of 
small or of no account, nullius ponderis 
esse ; ponderis nihil habere (of things) : 
tenui or nuUd auctoritate esse ; in nullo 
esse numero (of persons). To be of ac- 
count, aliquo loco et numero esse apud 
aliquem ; multum auctoritate valere or 
posse apud aliquem. || On account, in 
antecessum (i. e., in advance, with dare, 
solvere, accipere. Sen., post-Aug.). On 
ACCOUNT OF, ob (for ; for the sake of; 
referring to an object to be attained or 
benefited ; e. g., to " an advantage to be 
attained," "the commonwealth to be bene- 
fited," merit to be rewarded, &c.) : prop- 
ter (denotes a proximate cause or motive : 
it properly denotes vicinity) : per (denotes 
dependence on something) : de (with re- 
spect to) : causa (from the cause ; for the 
sake of: denotes a thing or person viewed 
as the cause of an action) : gratid (with 
gen. out of favor ; for the sake of) : ergo 
(with gen. m consideration of a fact stat- 
ed) : pro (for ; in proportion to, or agree- 
ment with ; in return for) : prse (denotes 
the preventive cause : hence only in nega- 
tive sentences) : for some advantage, ob 
aliquid emolumentum : to take money for 
judging a cause, ob rem judicandam : 
she could not do it on account of her age, 
per eetatem : on account of the season of 
the year, propter anni tempus ; propter 
hanc causam, quod ; ob eam causam, 
quia ; certis de causis ; omnium salutis 
caus4; eetatis atque honoris gratieL To 
be heard with difficulty on account of (= 
for) the noise, prse strepitu vix audiri. 
To be praised on account of something, 
alicujus rei nomine laudari ; ab aliqua re 
laudari, commendari. To march negli- 
gently on account of (=in consequence 
of) his surxess, neghgentius ab re bene 
gestd ire (Liv.). 

ACCOUNT, v., II esteem, ponere with 
in and the ahl. : to account any thing a 
vice, poi}ere aliquid in vitiis : duCere (foitk 



A.CCU 

dat. of what one esteems it ; ducere riM 
aliquid laudi) : numerare aUquid in ali- 
cujus rei loco (e. g., to account a thing a 
kindnesf, in benelicii loco). To account 
any thi.iA' a gain, deputare aliquid esse 
in lucro (Ter., Phorm., 2, 1, 16). 

Account for, rationem, causam affer- 
re, or afferre only, followed by cur : cur 
credam, afferre possum : to account for 
this, rationes cur hoc ita sit allU re : to 
account satisfactorily for, justas caxisas 
afferre alicujus rei, or cur with subj. : il- 
lustrare aliquid ; lucemi or lumen alicui 
rei afferre (not att'uudere), dare lumen 
alicui rei (to throw light upon) : explanare 
aliquid (to make any thing plain) : ape- 
rire (to uncover, unveil : all these are said 
of what was before dark or confused). To 
account for a mistake, errorem aperire 
(to show its nature, and how it arose). To 
account for one thing from another, cau- 
sam alicujus rei repetere ex re. To be 
difficult to account for, difliciles habere 
expUcatus (of what it is difficult to make 
intelligible). \\ To have to render an 
account of, rationem reddere alicujus 
rei or de aliqua re. 

ACCOUNT-BOOK, rationes (properly, 
accounts) : codex accepti et expensi : 
from the context, codex or tabulsB alone 
may do : adversaria, orum (a day-book, 
from which items were transferred to the 
ledger, codex or tabulae) : to keep an ac- 
count, rationes, codicem instituere ; tabu- 
las conficere. To set down in an account- 
book, in rationes, in codicem, in tabulas, 
in adversaria referre. 

ACCOUNTABLE, alicui ratio redden- 
da est. II One who makes himself 
answerable ; to be accountable, praj- 
stare aliquid. / am accountable for that, 
mihi res praestanda est. To make one's 
self accountable, aliquid in se recipere (to 
take it on mie's self). 

ACCOUNTANT, tabularius, calculator, 
rationarius (all terms of the Roman em- 
pire) : actor summarum (cashier, stew- 
ard, book-keeper ; who had to collect hit 
master's rents, &c., time of empire). 

ACCOUTRE, armare (to provide witk 
arms or other implements) : instruere (to 
furnish with) : omare, adomare, exor- 
nare (to fit out or equip with what is orna- 
mental or necessary). Jn. omare (exor- 
nare) atque instruere. 

ACCOUTREMENT, armatus (the ac- 
tion of equipping ; not instructio) : arms 
(n. pi.), armatflra (the thing with which 
one is accoutred) : omatus, ornamenta, n. 
pi. (handsome equipment). \\Garments, 
vestis, vestimenta, n. pi. 

ACCREDIT, contirmare ; alicui rei 
fidem addere or facere. An accredited 
ambassador, legatus cum public^ aucto- 
ritate et testimonio missus (v. Cic, 1 
Verr., 3, 7) ; legatus cum publico testi- 
monio missus (Cic, Arch., 4, 8) ; legatus 
pubUce missus (Cic, 2 Verr., 5, 13). 

ACCRETION, accretio (opposed to dim- 
inutio : used by Cic. of the moon's light). 

ACCRUE, provenire (spring up, grow, 
as crops, &c.) : accedere (to be added to) : 
ex aliqud re nasci, oriri (to be bom, to 
arise). 

ACCUSATION, accjibitio (accubatio, 
false reading) ; accubitus, ils. 

ACCUMULATE, cumulare, accumu- 
lare (the former to heap up to the full meas- 
ure : the latter to heap up more and more) : 
acervare, coacervare (to make a heap of 
any thing ; to heap together) : aggerare, 
exaggerare (to heap up high : post-Aug. 
in prose) : augere (to increase) : addere al- 
iquid alicui rei. To accumulate wealth, pe- 
cunias coacervare ; acervos nuramorum 
construere (opes exaggerare, Phadr). 

ACCUMULATION, acervatio (Plin.), 
coacervatio (Gaj. Dig., 2, 1, 11 : by Cic. 
as a fig. of rhetoric : accumulatio is only 
used in the sense of heaping up earth about 
the roots of trees). 

ACCUMULATOR, accumulator (opum 
accumulator, Tac). 

ACCURACY, cura, accuratio (the lat- 
ter Cic, Brut., 67, mira accuratio in com- 
ponendis rebus). Jn. cura et diligentia : 
sublSlitas (acuteness, subtilty ; e. g., with 
mathematical accuracy, geometrictl sub- 
tilitate docere aliquid) : »om«tim4s dili- 



ACCU 
■entia (doM appUeation and attentum). 
Witk tke gremUit mecttraef, accnni tiiwinrip , 
esactibsiiiie, or tometimes diligfintiHgiine. 

ACCURATE, diiigens (mu wko poffs 
dote attaaum to U* work, that he mmtf/aii 
M no reapeet) : accoratoa (sMiie with a- 
makHdt : onbi of things) : exactna (per- 
fteOf what it ought to U; oftlAigtoniif: 
ofpenon*. « is onb/fotoM at tke Stiver 
Age: perftet): exquiatus <J»r taught: 
hence of extraoriinarf ereeUenc^ : subti- 
Ha (oeute, e^edalh/ of an orator who, with 
tact and aeuteneu, ehootet th* beet eipres- 
•tMs, Ulutfratione, Ac: Aen of_thingt 
wUdk give proof of such aeuteneee ,- e. g., 
ofatpeech): limatna, polltus(o/«»r^»erf, 
polithrfi orator and etfle). Jn'. Umatua 
et politas.; accoratos et politas. An tic- 
curate ttyle, limatius dicendi genu^^ ora- 
tio accurata et polita, Umata et poUta ; 
oratio sobtilia. An aeatrau knowledge 
of. aiai thing, alkajna rei interior scientia. 
An accurate judgment, jadudam subtile, 
or Umatum et poBtam. To subject any 
thing to an aecurau inoestigatwn, dili- 
g«iter exquirere, gubtiliter qnjerere aB- 
quid. To gice an accurate description of 
My thing, accurate or diHgenter deacri- 
bere aliquid. To give (=zwrite) am/ bodf 
an accurate account of any thing, dlligen- 
tex scribere de re ad aliqaeiii. || IFith 
accuracy. Vid. Accukatelt. 

ACCURATELY, diligenter, accurate. 
Jn. dilisenter et accurate ; accurate et 
exquisite : exacte ; snbtiliter. (SrN. un- 
der ACCTTRATE.) 

ACCURSE. \ld. CcBSE. 

ACCURSED, devotus (aaually under 
• atrse pronounced) : exsecrabilis, exae- 
crandus (deserving eLeeration) : ncifanns, 
adbndoa (impious, wicked : etpedally 
gainst what is holy. The latter of things 

ACCUSABLE^ accusabiliB, accosandas, 
reprehendendus, vituperabilis, Tituperan- 
dus, reprehensione, or vituperatione dig- 
nus. (Srx. of reprehendere and vitupe- 
rare under Blame.) 

ACCUSATION, accusatio, incusatio, 
tnaiinulatio, criminatio (all as actions. 
Sts. under Accuse): cribien (charge) z 
calumnia (false aceuaation). To drfend 
any body against an accusation, crimen 
defendere ab aUquo. To defend omfs self 
against an accusation, crimen amolin, 
propulsare ; culpam a Ee amorere : cri- 
men diluere or criminationem dissolvere 
(fo show its injustice or groundlessness). 
iAs a law term, qoerimonia, querela 
(jBoatplaint : the former from a sense of iu' 
Jnstiee; the latter from a feeling of vexa- 
tion) : delatio nominis (giving the name 
of the a e eutid to the judge) : periculom 
(at causing danger to the accused) : actio 
(general term for the legal proceedings, 
whether m a cnil or criminal cause) : ac- 
cosatio (the dtarge atade, especially in a 
criminal court) : petitio, poetolatio (in 
tieil causes : demand for restitution or re- 
dress) : Tindicado (cicil action to recover 
a thing) : condictio (ami action on ac- 
oawnt of a person) : formula (the plead- 
ing .- the formula according to whtch Ae 
ac eu aa ti on was drawn up) : libellos (the 
written accusation). Not. dica, liKti=ac- 
tio, til dril causes, when the trial spoken 
of took place in a Ortek court. 

ACCUSATIVE (case), accusatirus (sc. 
caaos, QuinL) : casus accnsandi (For.). 

ACCUSATORY, accusatorius. An ac- 
cusatory libel ; I e., written charge, libel- 
lus, accufatio (not accusatorius UbeHus). 
To jrrtfer or set forth an accusatory libel 
against any body, libellum de aliquo dare 
(Plin.). In an accusatory manner, accu- 
satorie, accosatorio more et jure. 

ACCUSE, anaiMwrc (to accuse in a crim- 
inal court): incosare (to accuse, hut not 
in a court of justice) : insimulare, in ali- 
cujus rei in«imalati<M»em vocare (to cause 
antf body to be suspected of a crime, wheth- 
er justly or unjutUy) : argoere crimine or 
de crimine (iKfyrcc"', to charge, and make 
the charge good by proofs, whether in a 
court of justice or not): cvlpam in ali- 
qnem conferre, in culp4 ponere aliquem, 
aUcui culpam attriboere (lay the blame of 
•ay thing on any body: cnlpare is poet- 
ical and post-Ai'-guatmn) : crimen alicui 



ACHI 

afferrc or inferre ; in crimen Tocare or 
adducere ; crimen in aUqaem conferre ; 
crimine compellare (fo tax or charge a 
man with, whether justly armat): crimiig - 
ri (to aeeuae in a bad aenat ; e. gJ^Vnu 
purpose of blackening a man's eharmeter) : 
condemnare aliquem alicajua rei (proper- 
ly to condemn : but sometimes the antece- 
dens of condemnation, to accuse justly ; 
e. g., aiiquem iniquitatis. Herzag, B. G., 
7, 19) : reum facere or a^ere (bring be- 
fore a court as a defendant): c a h i mn i - 
ari (to accuse ealwmniousiy, topkisMUly, 
Sec.) : aliquid aticai objicere or objectare 
(to cast any thing in a man's teeA ; re- 
proach him with). To accuse falsely, false 
crimine or ialsis criminationibus insimu- 
lare ; falso conferre aliquid in aliquem ; 
crimen or aliquid criminis alicui or in al- 
iquem coDDngere. 

ACCUSED. An accused person, or the 
accused, reus (if in a court of justice). 

ACCUSER, accusator : criminator, ca- 
Imnniator. (See verbs under Accuse.) 
Actor (the manager of a judicial tatptook- 
ment). 

ACCUSTOM. To accustom any body, 
consuefacere aliquem with inf. or ut, ne. 
To accustom any body to any thing, aU- 
quem assuefacere aliqud re (Cic, Ctes.), 
or (post-AuguMan^ alicui rei or ad aU- 
quem. The transitive uee of the original- 
ly intransitice cpnsuescere, assueacere, 
IMS usiknomn to the great prose w i il ei s . 
To accustom onis self, confuescere or as- 
snescere, with infin. or abl. (post-Augus- 
tan, also with dai or ad aliquid ; assues- 
cere even in Ots., B. G~, 6, 2S) ; assues- 
cere in aliquid : also se assuefacere ali- 
qudre. 

ACCUSTOMED, assuefactus or assne- 
tU3 aliqud re. To hace grown accustomed 
to living at Alexandrea, jam in consuetu- 
dinem Alexandrinae Tits renisse. 

ACE, unio (late : TertulL). To bau an 
ace of any thing, " ne pilum quidem unum 
deminuere or dctrahere de aliqua re. 

ACERBITY, austeritas, acerbitas, ama- 
ritas. Syn. under Soub. 

ACHE (no Latin word expresses the no- 
tion of ache as a particular kind of pain), 
dolor (pain generally, whether of body 
or mind) : cruciatus (excruciating pain) : 
tormentum (torture ; racking pain). 

ACHE, v., dolere (»j» body or mind): 
condolescere (mostly in the perfect). The 
wind had made wty head ache, caput mihi 
de rento condohiit (PJovt.) : my side ached, 
condoluit nuhi latua (ao pes ; dens ; fac- 
tum dolore corpus). 

ACHE-BONE, coxa, coxendix ; *oe 
coxae. 

ACHIEVABLE, quod effici, ad effec- 
tum adduci potest. 

ACHIEVE, conficere (to bring to an 
end, so that the labor is over ; to ^nish, 
without reference to the production of a 
perfect work : itinera, mandata coanciun- 
tur, non perficiuntur nee absolvuntur. 
D.) : efficere, ad effectum adducere (to 
bring to actual edstence) : perncere (to 
carry through to the end ; to make any 
thing perfect : opposed to inchoare, to be- 
gin) : abeolTere (to fmish oj, so that ao 
more remains to be done ; to make com- 
plete: opposed to inchoare, instituere). 
jx. abeolTere ac (et) perficere : peragere 
(to carry a business through) : exs^qni, 
persSqui (to follow up till it is done : es- 
pecially of things done by rule or dirtction, 
officium, mandata) : ad finem adducere 
(to bring any thing to its intended end ; 
to complete : patrare (of important actiona 
publicly performed: an old and solemn 
word, that had probably a religious mean- 
ing at jnt: strengthened perpetrare): 
tometiatet iacere aton< {opposed to cogi- 
tare). To be able to achieve any thing, 
*parem esse alicui rei exseqnendaa. 
WObtain by exertion, adipisci, aase- 
qui (the former dwelling more on the oh- 
jeet achieved : the latter on the pe rseve r in g 
exertions by which it was achieved). To 
achieve peace, pacem perpetrare (Liv.). 

ACHIEVEMENT, \\completion; per- 
formance, exsecutio. \\Heroic ac- 
tion, facinus magnum (any great action), 
*re8 prseclare gesta. \\ Achievements, 
res gestae (ntA confined to successes in 



Acau 

•Mr). HEsiutcheon, inaigne genetM 
(cf. Cic pnro Sulid, 31, 88). 

ACHING, t. See Ache. 

ACID, acidus (opposed to dulcis : soi r 
to ta^e or tmeG). Jn. acer acidusque. 
Somewhat add. aciduius, subacidus. Very 
acid, acidissimus, peracerbus, acerbissi- 
mus, peracer, acerrimus : malum acidum 
=iaM apple sour, though ripe; malum 
acerbum, an apple sour, because unripe. 
To be add, acere, acidum. or acerbum, or 
acrem esse gustatu. To be turning add, 
acescere, coacescere. Vid. Sous. 

ACIDIFY, acidum facere. 

ACIDITY, aciditas (late) : acidus sapor 
(add taste). |j Something acid, aci- 
dum. 

ACKNOWLEDGE, agnoscere, cogno- 
scere (to recognize any thing, then to ac- 
knowledge it to be what it u) : appeUare 
aliquem (with ace of a title: to acknowl- 
edge, eg., a king, &c.). To adcnowiedgt 
a man for on^a son, agnoscere aUqaem 
lilittm: not to aiknowUdge him as on^a 
son any longer, abdicare fiUum. To ac- 
knowledge a man aa king, regem appel- 
lare aliquem (to declare him king), a&cni 
par ere (to o6<y Ant) : aocia oeiaoadef^ « 
man for on^s king, detrectaze alicajna 
imperium. || Co »/e«s, fateor(auiK2jFNB 
plying a previous questitm,), confiteor, pro- 
fiteor (confiteor, reluctantly,from being un- 
able to conceal : profiteer, freely, openly), 
often joined with prse se ferre. To ac- 
knowledge openly, honestly, freely, aperte, 
ingenue, aperte et ingenue, libere confite- 
ri ; libere proateri To acknowledge a debt, 
confiteri ees alienum (xiL tabb. ap. GeiL, 
&c.), confiteri nomen: fateri se debere, 
aot to acknowledge a debt, infitiari debi- 
tum. To itcknowUdge a sin, confiteri 
peccatum (CHc) or ee peccasse. To ac- 
knowledge the truth of Christianity, 
* Christum sequi; *doctrinam Christia- 
nam profiteri || To allow that on* 
has received, ia^lying that one owet a 
return : to acknowietfge kindnetaea, bene- 
ficia grate interpretari (PUn., Ep., 3; I3v 
9). To acknowledge that they are conquer- 
ed, ttnakHlful, Su., confiteri se rictos, im- 
peritos, &i. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT, agnitio (act of 
recognizing) : confessio (act of confess- 
ing). Tt} bring a man to the acknowledg- 
munt of any thing, aliquem adducere ad 
con&ssionem alien jus rei (by kind wuans): 
alicui exprimere confesEionem alicujus 
rei or exprimere ut aliquis confiteatur 
aHquid (by force). To force a man to ati, 
acknowledgment, exprimere or extorque- 
re ut fateatnr ; cogere at confiteatur or 
concedat. The acknowUdgment of er- 
ror, *error aenitus. To bm^g a man to 
an acknowledgment of Ua *m«, * facere, 
efficere, ut agnoscat, intelhgat ee pecca- 
Tisse. II To send a man • smaU acknowl- 
edgment, mnnusculiua aHcni concinnare 
(if "small preaenf will do), fi Acknowl- 
edgment, the payment of a dAt, apocha 
To give an acknowledgment, apocham 
dare. 

ACME, the highest point, the height. 
Ckcl. by adj., tke acme of foUy, translau 
" the greatest folly." || Crisis of a dis- 
order, critica morbi accessio (AugusL 
Confess^ 6, 1. end). 

ACONITE, aconitum (Wolft-bane). 

ACORN, glans, glandia. 

ACORNS (bot.), acorus, calamus odo 
ratus or aromaticus, calamus (if tha ape 
des need not be mentioned). 

ACOUSTICS, * acustica. 

ACQUAINT, ||t«/or«, Vid. \i Ae- 
quaint one's self with, noscere, c<^- 
noscere (espedally by experience) : d^ere 
(to leom) : percipere (to get a dear no- 
tion of, eapuiaUy by onit own observation 
and aptrtence). 

(a) ACQUAINTED, to be or become; 
with pebsons. To become acquainted 
with eadi other, se inter se noscere. To 
become better acquainted with any body (L 
c, with his character), propins inspicere 
aliquem. To be well acquainted with a 
man, aliquem bene, optime, pulchre, pro- 
pius nosse (general term) : pulchre cog- 
noscere alicujus sensum (his opinions); 
qui vir et quantus sit altissime inspexiase 
(his in t eil M ual or moral greatness) ; aU 
7 



plnitus inspexisse; P^^^f^^^^'^X" ' ' 
nnalis sit' intus et in cute nosse ^i'ers.;. 
VoXc'a man aajuaintea -»^^ -f J-'. 
diqucm ad aliquem deducere (^om^° 

dace khn). To be «'^9'*«f ^.f .'f '^^^ 'e 
•.„^« h„ ■iio-Iit. aliquem de lacie nos=t,. 
AXacqaainted with any body,iaon 
fose aliquem; aliquis mihi e« ignotus 
C^orare aliquem {rare m the sense of he 
i^<r unaauMhited with his person a,s Nep., 
ArisTl 4: mostly not to knoxohis char- 

/ am intwmtely acquainted wUh, magna 
est mihi cum aliquo tamiliaritas. 

(h\ AroUATNTED, to be ; with things. 
Al niid S-ere, callere, cognitum^ or 

icmarum or imperitum esse. 
^AraUUNTANCE, (A) of persons. 
II :;™rc«uainJa«ce,notus: alicm ami- 

rre:/SrufmiM^et"co"n^ue^door 

rZ II Tcgwaintance loith^ any 
ITdv oognitio alicujus {the becoming ac- 

Sritas (habits of great intimacy). To 
^Te acquaintance irith, aliqueni cognos- 

?U9 rei We 6ecomi«.- ac?»a»"(ed «,iJfe ^ ) 
notitia alicuiu3 rei O^ie being acquainted 
7uhi') : Bcientia alicujus rei {thprovgh 
Zowlellge, the result of mental activity) 

ACQUIESCE, acquiescere alicm rei 
dofVor aliqua re {say nothing against 
Ti weaker than asscntiri ««f ^WJ^f^; 
ac , Acad., 2. 46, acquiescere in aliq^^^JP 
h to1«<i satisfaction in any thing) : ali- 
qul re contcntum esse {to be contented 
Zth): aliquid probare, approbare acci- 
Mre (to a\nove of receire favorably). 
^ ACQUlV^^CENCE, probatio, approba- 
tio compi-obatio {approval) : consenr.io, 
coisenTu^, asBensus^(«.s.s«»0. With your 
Swc^nce, te consenticnte or prooante. 
mthout your acquiescence, te adversante, 
jpnuente, nolfnte. , ,. . . 

ACaU RABLE, * quod adipisci queas : 
*quod obtineri potest (SvN. ««der Ob^ 
TAIN) : impctrabilis {what canbe obtained 
hv entreiuies). , 

ACQUIRE, parare, comparare {pro- 
vide, procure by one's own "''^"•/;) = .jj^^l 
rere {obtain by seeking; c. g., livelihood, 
victum; popularity with the common peo- 
Xgra iam ad populum; ^Zory, sibi glo- 
K : ftcquircre {to obtain what one has 
Xirefi for) : colUgore {cx>llect ; e. q., 
Tod wiil favor, &c.) : nancisci {obtain 
Vuh^vwltLa trouble; even against one^s 
lish)- adipisci ((0 achieve by exertion): 
con.eq'U^'" arrire at the object of one's 
Z^sh^Vi'h or without assi.^tancc): as.^eqm 
7to arrive by exertion at the object of ones 
l^dMvors): obtinere {to obtain and keep 
posZiV). To acquire credit P^rer^^^^^ 
laudem-. money, pecumam sibi facere , a 
ZnTfriendship%ii^ni»s amic.tiam sibi 
romDanire ; great influence, magnam 
artontatem sibi constituere ; greatwealth 
ZT^putatinn, magnas opes siln mag- 
numque nomen facero ; extensive knowl 
X * masnas opes eniditionis sibi com 
Se. TO endeavor to acquire, captan, 
liquid 'e. g., pop,darity, &c.). To ac 
m/irc strength, se corrooorare. 
'^TcamREMENT, II act of acguir- 



ACT 



in^ comparatio.adeptio: of popularity, 
conciSaUoVati*. W^-owledge ac^ 
ouired, doctrina, erudiUo, Uter*. ^ 
lerson of extensive acquirements, multo- 
?um rerum cognitione imbutus ; erudi- 
Sius™optim°i8 artibus erudims ; homo 
u quo multa, sunt litera, ; of exiensue 
and various acquirements, m quo est co- 
TiiT pt varietas studionim. 
P' ACQUISITION, comparatio (^ctofpro- 
cuVhigfor one's self) : adeptio {the oh 
tilling ^hat one has striven Jor). Acqui- 
sition of popularity, conciliate gratiiB. 

ACQUIT, \\ set free, liberare re or a 
re exso vere re {Uease from) : eximere 
TcoTe^ re {to deliver from) : levare re 
(relievefrom what is ^''''Srecahle;e^g 
fear, sSrrow, pain) : «Ped"-e f^ (extrj 
cate from): extrahere ex re {drag out 
„/) : eripire ex or a re {snatch frorn)^ 
^:sr The last three of extricating from 
n%leasant circumstances; e.g., f^^gerj. 
l7>ronounce guiltless, absolvere pr 
et imnr , of any thing, ahqua re or de ali- 
qS {e!g., regni suspicione, de pr^var 
icatione) : exsolvere aliqua re (e. g., sus 
Sue) : hberare aliqua re {set free, gen 
^Xerl). To be acquitted, Hberamm dis 
cedere : innocentem or mnoxmm absoh i , 
ex judicio emergere. \\Vischarge a 
d^urofficium exsequi, officio defungi; 
officU partes explere. . To acquit one s self 
admirably, &c., pfficium '^^'^^l^^'t.^^^- 
dere (Cic. ad Div., 5, 8, 2). bee Duty. 
fro acquit one's self like a man, 

" ATQuffirabsolutio {any body's 
alicujus; aUcujus rei ;e.g..majestaus) 

liberatio (alicujus rei ; e. g., cull'*)- 

ACQUITTANCE, apocha, accepti latio 
{tltffn.)r Implying Payment of the debt; 
ihe latter anv release from the 7iecessity of 
ayinZ) A formal acquittance or a^^ 
i/quittakce under hand and seal, * apocha 
manu sigilloque ^''^^^■,J''.g'^' ""^ 
hodii an acquittance, apocham dare. 

ACRE?jugerum {really about two thirds 
ofaf^re. It was 'iiQ feet in length and 
{^ in breadth, and contained, therefore, 
28 800 SQuarefeet. Diet. Antiq.) 
''Sid, acir {hot and biting, Ukemu 
tard, garlic, onions) : acerbus {of any 
thing that contracts the tongue >• e. g., «»■ 
ripejruit, sonr, opposed to ^^^"-''X-.?^- 
ri. {opposed to dulcis : nauseously bitter). 
APHIMONIOUS, I Ucrtd, ViD. ||tiG., 
f ,?^ri« &c an arus {bitter): acerbus 
Lrtr asper (roK^/9 : mordai ,J,iting): 
iZTdlo^viS {calculated to raise a prejudice 

':Patiit t>!e person -'^.-'^''''')-J^''^^Z 
{flinging). Acrimomous words, ^erbo 

■■"rCRmONY, acerbitas, amnritas (SvN. 
,,/f, AcrVd) : acrimonio {seldomin liter- 
nftenseb^re PHn., and only of sharpness 
fotZtaiteTan invigorating, strengthen- 
tgsSness. Not figurative in tU sense 

''•^rcW^S^^'d.AcKiMONV. 

ACROSS, adv., in trnnsvcrsum; ex or 

^v^.rr;w.°srJi.t°aAjus 

JoZthe RI>o^'' faji^/re exercitum 

^^fr'?^lA\Do, agerc, lacere (a.ere, 

AC 1 , V. II ' „ g ,0 (/,<, simple net- 

M'e^parrav, refers mor i ^.^_^ 

'"^-'TefV'otZa^^onand its results: 
rroutv, '■y^^'-Vrecte or male asere, and 
to m-t ^'^l^'Xc^^o: but the latter only 

so jar as me en j „^ , gg gcrere 
whatushoxddb^. \\n^>^^^^ j.,_^ y^^„^ 
(e. g., shamejuuy). ' p^j.t f„rce, vhn 
virumseprKStare. 1 i^"' ^ . „„j 

Y]\'\&Vmetll ^"^l^ - *' '■^■ 
^f;]\. The medicine acts, concipitur 

vis est ni'^?'f«^,'^,f(c//') To act upon 
well, commode f""l^^'^!'_prcere in aU- 
any thing, vim habere or exercere m ^ 



AGTl 

quid: on any body, aliquem or alici^^ 
animum movere, commovere. •" ".'^» 
Tpon me in different ways vane affici^r 
aliqua re. It acts difffrentlyuponjne,fh- 
quid aliter lero. 1| To be in «//f ^'"« 
action; of things, m effectu esse (ej., 
machines).' \\Acta part onJ.e stage 
or in life, agere aliquem or f ^J^f PfJ^ 
tes ; alicujus personam tueri {not alicujus 
personam' agere): simuliire ahqucm, or 
lith ace. and infin. {to pretend to beany 
body), m^- Lndere aliquem/^ u7aAas_ 
^ical- exhibere aliquem un-LaZm. loact 
TplmJ,\bn\mn agere {not fabulam do- 
Je, which is said of the ^f^oron^)^ 
To forbid the players to act, histnombua 
Bcenam interdicere (S;.)-. ^VodlfS 
will not act to-night, * histnonea hodie m 

^'^TcTr^acCmS'a. kas ^fn actual 

'^^jf^g^:tTr::t::^eZe^ 

tl:igti7d^racler,fcrgoodorp.^^^ 
ovnhwork; the product of aj^c^^^^ 
II Acts, facta {general term): res je^i^ 
Lsta, orum, sometimes res only (fi^^s per- 
formed in the line of one's diUy or office,^ 
ispecially exploits, achievements tn wari. 
acta {alions performed according to par^ 
ticular rules; measures, e. g., of a poli- 
tician) : actiones {doings; ^"'^^'"1'. 
imvlving a continued course. Her., aa 
B Ci^l, 5). Acts of the Apostles, * Apos- 
folorum kcla or res ^'est«. II A noble ^, 
eiireirie or egregium lactam; facinua 
BrLclarum. An immortal act, facmus or 
Epus i^^nmortale. Honorahle, glorious 
S, laudes, decora, pL To perform an 
act, facinus facere, conticere ; opus cdere 
A wicked act, facinus, Aagitium sceh^ 
committere; scelus tacere, pei-ficere ad- 
m^ere. || In the very act, in manifesto 
focin6re (e. g., to be caught, deprehendi ; 
n J^ pra^senti is, on the spot where theoo- 
currence took place. \\ Act of amnesty^ 
oblivio sempiterna {dr.): oWj-o quam 
Athenienses ai^vnc^riav ""^'^ifj^' ^^^^^. 
lex ne quis ante actarum rerum accuse 
tu^, ne^^e multetur {a law). Vid. Amnes- 
TY WActs of a court, tabul« {general 
JennV- literal public* («rc/,tm) t acta 
pSa, or acta^o«i, ('■''«'-j'''.S*:f::C^ 
nfthe Senate, people, or individual magi^ 
fratel) To record in the oris, m acta re- 
toe. To he contained in the octs.m actis 

'''action, W thing d"'^'- J-^f„^: 
Acting, actio {doing, ,<^riy thingd^ne) 
actus To be in action, m actu esse {ken.). 
fTtion, in law. Actio {the legal pro- 
I dings the trial) :IU {the actual trral 
or contest): causa {the grounds of U, 
each party's ca^e): res {the subject of it ; 
the whole case) : dica {(Ireek, only of a civil 
f:,rse before 1 Greek court), ^^'^^^k 
causa privata. A criminal action, cmba 
public^ {for an offence against the staU. 
?ausa capitalis, if the penalty isJeM}^. 

To BRING AN ACTION AGAINST ANY BODY 

m Ten er ally: lege agere cum ahquo 
?ofin aliquem) = actionem alien mten- 
d .ro formulam ahcui intendrro (.'" pre- 
fel a written accusation against him)-, 
Clido experiri cum ahquo; judicio prr- 
Sui aliquem; on account r^' e.,y th^ 
nnle) a"cre alicujus rci or de re jurtu lo 
^r<.ai"ms experiri de re; agams any 
tUngycge agere in or adyer.us aliquid^ 
■') In civil causes: aliquem m Jiw 
vocare Oo call him before a court) : dicam 
aicui scribere. subscribere, "r impmgcre 
? , «rrV a written accusation, with name 
Vacctlr, defendant, _^c., before a Greek 
court) (^) In criminal causes, ne 
:^o2em^nominis postularo m ahquem 
(,m,irr. to n.sfr permis.<:ion of the judge w 
Tli^rin the name of the accv.^^'^ pers,>n 
fhcr, to accuse generally) : nomen al cujua 
adluclicem °r iudiccs deterre : judicn.m 
?,o» u ai^ in aliquem : aliquem in judi- 
nm n.iducere ; aliquem in jus oduccre ; 
'ahq" mtTere or Oduccre (M>^'^^;^^ 
before a court): P^nculum ahcu^ crcnre 
n^ fnre"pre {to put him in pent) . anqui 
?eum a^-erd or l!.cere {to make hint nn ac- 
rt""] person) : aliquem (reum) c.tare {to 
XZ befole ac^urt). a«q";- -^ - 
(to accuse him formally). /"'^ ""-V.l"; ' 
liomen alicujus deferre de re: deterro 



ACTU ADD 

■liquem alictijus rei (,aiso with ad jadi- I vho took notes of the speeches delivered in 
ces) : aliquem reum aUcujus rei citare or a court^ ^f*^ Caes., 55) 



agere; aliquem judicio alicujus rei, or 
only aliquem alicujus rei arcessere; ali- 
quem reum alicujus rei postulare; and 
postulare aliquem alicujus rei or de re. 
To brhig an action against any body for 
damages, aliquem judicio recuperatorio 
persequi. (Vid. Recuperatob.) I hate 
an action, i. e., ground of action, habeo 
actionem ; est actio iu aliquem. An ac- 
tion lies against any body, actio competit 
in aliquem. To show a man how he must 
bring his action, actionem alicui demon- 
Btrare. \\Of an orator, including both 
voice and gesture, actio. || Battle. Vid. 
}{ Of a play, actio (an incident in it; or 
its incidents) : argumentum fabulsB (its 
general subject). A play abounding in 
action, fabula acraosa : deficient in action, 
^paruiQ actuosa. 

ACTION.^BLE, (res) accusabilis (Och- 
sner, Cic, EcL, p. 105). Any thing is ac- 
tionable or not actionable, est alicujus rei 
(uUa) or nulla actio. A person's conduct 
is actionable, est actio in ^quem. || Some- 
times, poena or supplicio dignus (the latter 
of the seeercst punishment) : animadver- 
tendus (to be noticed, and visited with pun- 
ishment). 

ACTIVE, industrius, navus, operosus, 
laboriosus, assiduus, diligens, sedulus 
(Syn. under AcTivmr) : actuosus (op- 
posed to nihil agens, inclined to action., 
full of activity ; e. g., of virtue, the mind, 
&c ; or opposed to quietus, of an actite 
life. It can not be used safely in any other 
relations: still rarer is activus, which oc- 
curs in Sen. in philosophia activa, op- 
posed to conteniplatira) : acer (full of 
fire and energy) : impiger (setting to 
work rigorously ; umceai-ied by exertions) : 
etrennus (rigorously and earnestly active: 
e. e., mercator) : agens, ciens (active in 
philosophy, opposed to patibilis, passive). 
In. narus et industrius : industrius et 
accr : acer et industrius : operosus et 
semper agens aliquid et moliens. Active 
in business, in rebus gerendis acer et in- 
dustrius. To be always active, semper 
agere aliquid (et moliri) : to be active (of 
things), vigere. To be active in any body's 
cause, niti pro aliquo : " he used to say 
thai he was never more active than when 
he was doing nothing," dicebat nunquam 
se plus agere qaam nihil quum ageret. 
II Active vekb, verbum agens (opposed 
to verbum patiendi, GelL, 18, 12, end). 

ACTIVITY, opera (activity, unemphatic- 
aUy ; opposed to momentary inactivity, or 
merely thinking, talking, or advising) : 
labor (labor, toil) : industria (habitual 
activity of an elevated kind; e. g., in he- 
roes, statesmen) : navitas (the useful activi- 
ty of ordinary men) : sedulitas (bustling 
activity in small matters) : assiduitas (per- 
severing industry) : diligentia (careful, 
close application) : impigntas (unwearitd- 
ness): actio (acting). Agility, pemici- 
tas (activity and dexterity in all bodily 
movements) : agilitas (opposed to tarditas). 
ACTIVELY, naviter, strenue, impigre, 
cnixe (with all on^s might). || With 
agility, pemiciter, agiliter (both post- 
Augustan). 

ACTOR, artifex scenicus (general 
term) : actor scenicus or actor only (act- 
or, the most respectful term) : histrio (the 
middle term : player) : ludio, ludius (the 
lowest term : pantomimic performer ; a 
player and dancer). Tragic actor, Tra- 
goedufl. Comic actor, Comoedus. || Com- 
pany of actors, familia histrionum; 
grex histrionum, 

ACTRESS, artifex scenica, also sceni- 
ca only (late. In earlier times even female 
characters were acted by men). 

ACTUAL, verus (true, real) : germanus 
(one's own, complete., genuine: germanus 
frater ; germanus Stoicus, a genuine Sto- 
ic) : soiidus (substantial, real) : certus 
(certain) : ipse (the thing itself). 

ACTUALLY, re : re vera : reapse : re 
et veritate (really, not in words only) : 
sane : profecto (assuredly, words of assev- 
eration). Sometimes quid est allud (ni- 
si)! 

ACTUARY, scriba : actuarius (in the SH- 
ter Ag '. was a kind of short-hand writer. 



ACTU.\TE, movere, commovere (to 
move) : ciere (set in motion, stir up) : in- 
citare, concitare (set in violent motion) : 
impellere (drive or urge to) : adducere, 
inducers (to draw to). Also agere ali- 
quem (Heind., Hot., Sat., 2, 2, 13). 

ACULEATE, aculeabis {armed with a 
thorn). 
ACU.MEN. Vid. Acutexess. 
ACUTE, \\ sharp, propr. Vid. An 
acute angle, angulus acutus. || Of the 
senses, acutus: sagax (having a fine 
sense of hearing or smelling ; sagacious). 
Obs-, oculi acuti; oculi acres et acuti; 
visus acer : acer videndi sensus : nares 
acutae, nasus sagax, aures acutse. || Of 
the' mental faculties, acutus (sharp): 
acer (vigorous, of powerful comprehension, 
penetrating) : subtilis (fine, discriminat- 
ing accurately) : argutus (over-acute ; 
making too fine distinctions) : perspicax 
(clear-sighted). An acute understanding, 
ingenium acre or acutum: mens acris. 
Very acute, peracutus, peracer : to be very 
acute, acutissimo, acerrimo esse ingenio : 
ingenii acumine valere. To be an acute 
thinker, acrem esse in cosritcUido. 

ACUTELY, II o/ the" senses, acute 
(cemere, audire) : acriter (intueri ali- 
quid.) II Of the mental powers, acute, 
acriter, subtiliter (Stn. under Accte). 

ACUTENESS, ingenii acumen or acies 
(the former implying more of depth ; of 
original and inventive ability) and acu- 
men only : perspicacitas : prudentia per- 
spicax (insight, taking m all at one 
glance) : subtilitas (fine discriminanon) : 
sagacitas (the power of accurate investiga- 
tion). Acuteness in disputation, acumen 
disserendi. To possess natural acuteness, 
naturA acutum esse. || Of sight, acies 
oculorum. 

AD.\GE, proverbium (the proper word) : 
verbum (a saying) : adagio and adagium 
art very rare, and never met with in the 
best prose writers. There is an old adage 
that; an old adage says, est vetus pro- 
verbium or verbum : vetus verbum hoc 
quidem est. According to the old adage, 
veteri proverbio. As ike old adage says, 
ut est in proverbio ; quod proverbii loco 
dici solet : quod aiunt ; ut aiunt ; ut dici- 
tur. Vid. Provebb. 
AD.\iL\XT, adamas. 
ADAMANTINE, adamantinus. 
ADAPT, accommodare aliquid alicui 
rei or ad rem: facere or efficere ut ali- 
quid congruat or conveniat cum re (to 
make any thing suit another thing). To 
adapt the words to the thoughts, verba 
ad sensus accommodare ; sententias ac- 
commodare vocibus : a speech to the place, 
circumstances, and persons, orationem ac- 
commodare locis, temporibus, et persoais. 
ADAPTATION, accommodatio. 
ADAPTED, accommodatus aliciii rei 
or ad rem (adapted to) : aptus alicui rei j (dexterity of body) : habitus (the dejterity 



ADDU 

snbjungere and subnectere in elassiemi 
writersz=to add co-ordinately. I have add 
ed a copy of the letter, exemplar litcrarom 
subscripsi, or subscriptum est : Uterarum 
exemplar ad te misi. || To add up, 
summam alicujus rei facere (to find the 
total) : computare (to reckon up) : name 
rare (to count) : ratiocinari (to calculate) 
ADDER, vipera [coluber berus, Linn.\. 
II An adder's tooth, blood, &C., dens, san 
guis, &c., viperinus. 

ADDER'S-TONGUE (plant), *ophlo- 
glossum (Linn.). 

ADDICTED, deditus alicui rei : studi- 
osus alicujus rei (fondly pursuing tQ : 
addictus alicui rei (devoted to it). Jx. ad- 
dictus et deditus. Also, post-Augustan, 
devotus alicui ret Jn. deditus devotus- 
que. II To be addicted to, se dare, de 
dere, tradere alicui rei (to give one's self 
up to) : indulgere alicui rei (to indulge tn 
it) : stndere alicui rei (to pursue it with 
pleasure). To be wholly addicted to, mul- 
tum esse in re (e. g., venationibus : totum 
esse in re. To be addicted to pleasure, \o- 
luptatibus deditum esse, servire, astric- 
tum esse : setatem in voluptatibus col- 
locare : libidinibus se servum praestare. 
.\DDICTION, studium alicujus rei («i 
ger pursuit of any thing). 

ADDITION, adjunctio : appositio (th» 
placing to, or adding ; e. g., of examples, 
exemplorum) : adjectio : accessio (some- 
thing added : in rhetoric, an addition that 
completes a definition): additamentum 
(thintf added). Phb. To improve a work 
by additions and corrections, librum cre- 
bris locis inculcare et reficere (Cic.) : to 
set any thing forth with lying additions, 
mendaciuncuUs aspergere aliquid To 
make many important additions to his 
edict, multas res novas in edictum adde- 
re (£»>., 1, 30). \\ Arithmetical addi- 
tion, calculorum subductio : computatio 
(calculation generally). By addition and 
subtraction, addendo deducendoque. 

ADDITIONAL, e. g., additional obser- 
vations, * observationes quae prioribns 
addendse sunt. 

ADDLE. \\ Addled eg g.owivam^e, 
irritum ; ovum zephyrinum ; ovum uri 
num ; ovum hypenemium ; ovum cyno- 
eurum. \\ Addle-headed, addle-pat- 
ed, levis (flighty, thoughtless): vanus 
(empty, idly chattering, &.c.) : inconsulms, 
inconsideratus (acting without previous 
consultation or consideration). 

ADDRESS, II accosf, Vid. \\Address 
one's self, se parare or se comparare; 
to any thing, ad aliquid (to prepare ontfs 
self for it) : a^redi ad aliquid (e. g., ad 
dicsidum, to "approach it ; set eibout it). 
\\Address a letter to any body, alicui in- 
scribere epistolam: dare Kteras ad ali- 
quem ; literas mittere alicui or ad aliquem 
(to write to, send a letter to : not scribere 
ad aliquem). 
ADDRESS. II Dexterity, habiKtas 



or ad aliquid (fit for) : conveniens, con- 
gruens (unclassical, rongruus), consen- 
taneus alicui rei or cuna re (agreeing' tcith, 
suitable to) : idoneus (perfectly suited for 
some particular purpose, sui ahqiiid) . To 
be adapted, aptum esse, apte convenire 
ad aliquid. Aot to be adapted to, alienum 
esse : parum convenire. 

AD.\Y3. Vid. Nowadays. 

ADD, adjungere aliquid ; to any thing, 
alicui rei or ad aliquid : addere aliquid 
(alicui rei or ad aliquid, to add : used also 
of writing something additional) : adjice- 
re aliqiiid. to any thing, alicui rei or ad al- 
iquid : subjicere, to anything, alicui rei 
(adjicere used also of additions made by 
word of mouth or icriting ; suhjicere also of 
additions in writing ; subjicere is always 
to add below ; e. g., an example, exemplum) : 
attribuere (to assign or allot : e. g.. a dis- 
trict to a country, v. Cas., B. C, 1, 35, end. 
Cic, Quint. Fr., 1, 1, 11, J 33) : asperge- 
re aliquid, to any thing, alicui rei (to add 
incidentally; to add a sprinkling of; e. 
g., of written remarks : hoc aspersi ut sci- 
res. Sec, Cic. yot, therefore, annotationes 
or scholia aspergere. but addere, if they 
are a regular series) : apponere (to place 
by ; to add : also of written additums). to 
any thing, alicui rei or ad {>li>)uid. Not. 



gained by the practice of an art or virtue) : 
are (dexterity in an art) : usus alicujus rei 
(experience and conseqitent skill) : facul- 
tas (the poicer of doing any thing, capaci- 
ty) : ingenium ad aliquid aptunTw habile 
(mental aptitude) : ingenii dextrritas, or 
dexteritas only: to any thing, ad aliquid 
(readiness and cleverness in conduct to- 
ward others ; worldly wisdom, Liv., 28, IS, 
and 37, 7, end. In the sense of "dexteri- 
ty" generally, it is not Latin). || Of a 
letter; direction, prajscriptio. \\Des- 
ignation by name and place of 
abode. What is your address ? ubi Lab- 
itas? 11 To pay one's addresses to, 
aliquem petere: alicujus amore tcneri, 
capttim esse ; ali(^uem in amore habere 
(to be in love with : cause for efect). 
II Speech, alloquium (address of a persua- 
sive, consolatory, or warning kind. A soft 
address, blandum or lene alloquium, Liv!) : 
allocutio (speaking to) : appeUatio (accost- 
ing a man quietly : e. g., to request any 
thing): compellatio (direct address in a 
speech ; rhetorical term) : oratio (formal, 
studied speevh) : concio (address to a pop 
ular or miliary assembly, harangued : ser- 
mo (speech of an unpremeditated, conrcr- 
sational kinit). 
ADDUCE, prjducere (lead forward * 
S 



ADIE 

person) : afferre, proferre (bring for- 
ward) : memorare, commemorare {make 
mention of) : laudare (especially to praise) : 
citare (to call forth; e. g., aliquem aucto- 
rem, as one's authority; but rare in this 
sense). To adduce witnesses, testes pro- 
ferre, laudare, proferre, citare, excitare : 
testimony, afferre testimonium : a pass- 
age, locum afferre, laudare : a reason, ra- 
tdonem, causam afferre : afferre cur with 
the subj. (e. g., cur credam, afferre possum, 
Cic.) — Obs. Since producere testem is 
correct, we may say producere or afferre 
scriptorem ; but not locum, ratlonem : ci- 
tare locum, indicare, efferre, are wrong ; 
also allegare exemplura. 

ADDLCTION. II Of examples, pas- 
sages, &c. : prolatio: commemoratio («Ae 
menlioning of them). 

ADDUCIBLE, qui produci, afferri, &c., 
potest. Vid. Adduce. 
_ ADEPT, Wskillful, expert, Vid. ||/7i- 
itiated, mysteriis initiatus ; also mysta 
or mystes. 

ADEQUACY, prps., bonitas (goodness) : 
Justus Humerus (proper number) : conve- 
nientia (suitableness). 

ADEQUATE, quod satis esse videtiir 
or visum est : par : satis idoneus : suffi- 
ciens, used absolutely in this sense, belongs 
to a late age. An adequate knowledge of 
any thing, * satis idonea alicujus rei sci- 
entia. || An adequate supply, satis, 
vitth gen. 

ADEQUATELY, satis (sufficienter, late 
Latin) : convenienter, congruenter aUcui 
rei : apte ad aliquid. 

ADHERE, adhserere alicui reL Hence, 
to cling to ; of properties, customs, 
&c. : hajrere alicui : manere (to remain). 
Siji adheres to him, hseret ei peccatum. 
II Cling to; am devoted to, adliffiresco 
alicui rei : amplector or amplexus teneo 
aliquid. To adhere to justice and virtue, 
justitia3 honestatique adhasrescere : jus- 
titiam honestatemque amplecti. || Hence:::^ 
to be an adherent of any body, dedi- 
tum, addictum es.so, favere, studere ali- 
cui : favere alicujus partibus ; studiosum 
esse alicujus ; esse e partibus alicujus ; 
Bequi, sectari aliquem ; sequi alicujus auc- 
toritatem ; assectari aliquem ; assectam 
or sectatorem esse alicujus (the last three 
especially of the followers of some more 
powerful person). To adhere to a philo- 
sophical sect, sequi pbilosophiam ; esse ab 
aliqud discipline. 

ADHERENCE, cohserentia (mutual ad- 
herence) : alligatio (the tying together, knit- 
ting together). \\ Attachment, studium, 
amor alicujus : voluntas in aliquem (with 
or without propensa) : caritas alicujus or 
in aliquem (affection arising from high 
estimation) : observantia (respectful atten- 
tion). 

ADHERENT, assecla (mostly term of 
contempt ; also scholar, follower of a philo- 
sophical sect : sectator and assectator, in 
this sense, belong to the Silver Age) : socius, 
amicus (friend) : fautor, studiosus alicu- 
jus (favorer) : cultor, admirator (admir- 
er.) A man's adherents (in a political 
seiise), qui sentiunt cum aliquo, qui slant 
cum or ab aliquo ; qui faciunt cum aliquo ; 
qui alicujus partibus favent; qui alicui 
student. An adherent of the nobility, no- 
bilium amicus, optimatium fautor ; no- 
bilitatis fautor or studiosus. \\ Fem.ale 
adherent, fautriK: cultrix: alicujus stu- 
diosa. To be an adherent. See wider 
Adhere. 

ADHESION. WAdhesiveness, lenti- 
tia: tenacitas. W Attachment to a person 
or party ; prps., studium alicujus : better 
by crcl. 

ADHESIVE, tenax (sticky, tenacious ; 
e. g., wax) : resinaceus (like resin) : glu- 
tinosus (like glue). 

ADHESIVENESS, Icntitia (glutinosi- 
ty) : tenacitas. 

ADHIBIT. Vid. E.MPLOY. 

ADHORTATION. Vid. Exhortation. 

ADIAPHANOUS, non pellucidus : non 
translucidua. To be adiaphanous, non 
per- or trans-lucfire ; lucem non trans- 
tnittere. 

ADIEU, vale ! valeas ! To bid adieu to 
any body, aliquem salvere jubeo ; alicui 
Taledicere (Silver Age, and poetical). To 
10 



AD JU 

bid a final adieu, supremum valedicere (t). 
Fig., to bid adieu to (e. g., life, vice), re- 
nuntiare (vitae, vitiis). 

ADJACENT, finitimus (lying on the 
borders of) : conf inis (having a common 
boundary) : vicinus, propinquus (near) ; 
all four with dat. : conjunctus alicui loco : 
continens alicui loco, or cum aliquo loco. 
Obs., affinis, in this sense, hardly belongs 
to classical prose (though found Liv., 28, 
17, 5) : contiguus, conterrainus, poetical 
and late: limitaneus, very late. To be ad- 
jacent to, adjacere alicui terras, or ali- 
quam terram ; imminere alicui terra : 
tangere, attingere, contingere terram. 

ADJECTIVE, appositum, adjectivum. 
An adjective, epitheton (Quint.). 

ADJOIN, (tr.), II addere, adjungere, 
ad-, sub-jicere (aliquid alicui rei or ad ali- 
quid : subjicere only alicui rei). Syn. in 
Add. (intr.) || To be adjacent to; of 
countries. Vid. Adjacent. || Of build- 
ings, continuari alicui loco (to join it). 

ADJOINING, II nearest, proximus. 
Adjacent. Vid. 

ADJOURN, differre, proferre, con-ferre 
(differre may be used of an indefinite ad- 
journment ; but not pro- or con-ferre) : 
prolatare (e. g., comitia, diem, &c. ; to 
put off) : rejicere, reservare (to put off 
what should be done now) : prodicere 
(diem; to fix a more distant day). To ad- 
journ to another time, in aliud tempus dif- 
ferre, proferre, rejicere : to the next day, 
aliquid differre in crastinum : in poste- 
rum diem conferre : for some days, ali- 
quot dies proferre or promovere. Vid. 
Put off. 

ADJOURNMENT, dilatio, prolatio. 
To pray for an adjournment, petere dila- 
tionem. By adjournment, differendo, 
proferendo. 

ADJUDGE, addicere (general term) : 
adjudicare (pronounce it his, judicially 
or authoritatively). The property to any 
body, bona alicui addicere : the kingdom 
to Ptolemy, adjudicare regnum Ptolemaeo : 
a triumph, honors, a sum of money to any 
body, decernere alicui triumphum, bono- 
res, pecuniam. {| Fix a punishment, 
constituere, dicere : irrogare had not this 
meaning till the time of the empire ; before 
this it meant to propose the punishment to 
be inflicted on any body by the people. To 
adjudge any body to suffer such a punish- 
ment, constituere alicui poenam : to pay 
such a fine, dicere alicui mulctam. 

ADJUDICATE, facere judicium: sen- 
tentiam dicere (by word of mouth) or ferre 
(by tablets) : about any thing, alicujus rei 
or de aliqud re : about any body, de aliquo. 

ADJUDICATION, |i ac£ of adjudg- 
ing property to any body, addictio; 
e. g., bonorum (Cic.) : adjudicatio (Dig.). 

ADJUNCT, s., L e., an accessory 
thing or person: acceasio (e. g., Syphax 
was an accessio Punici belli, a mere ad- 
junct, not the principal enemy. A lean-to, 
or building added to a house, was an ac- 
cessio ; and Pliny speaks of cups so orna- 
mented with jewels that the gold was a mere 
accessio). || An associate or assist- 
ant in office, adjutor. 

Adjunct, adj., joined to, junctus, 
conjunctus. " If death were adjunct to my 
act" (Shak.), si poenam sequi oporteret, 
ut supplicio afficerer. 

ADJUNCTION, adjunctio : appositio 
(act of placing by or after) : adjectio. 
II Thing joined, accessio : additamen- 
tum. 

ADJUNCTIVE, II «Art« which is join- 
ed, adjunctivus (e. g., modus, the subjunc- 
tive, Diom.) \\s., one who joins, ad- 
junctor (Cic, but only in a bitter, tauiu- 
ing passage). 

ADJURATION, \\act of proposing 
an oath: crcl. by verbs under Adjure. 
II Form of an oath proposed to any 
body, jurisjurandi verba or formula : jus- 
jurandum. Vid. Oath. \\=::Earnest en- 
treaty, obtestatio: obsecratio (Svn. in 
Adjure). 

ADJURE, II impose a prescribed 
form of oath, jurejurando, or jusjuran- 
dum, or ad jusjurandum aliquem adigere; 
aliqiiem sacramento adigere or rogare (of 
soldiers) : jurejurando aliquem astringe- 
re, obstringere, obligare (bind by an oath) : 



ADMI 

jusjurandum ab aliquo exigere : jusjiiran- 
dum alicui deferre. {{Nearly— implore: 
obtestai-i (to call God to witness, and im- 
plore any body in a suppliant manner. 
Dig.) : obsecrare (to implore urgently 5y 
all that is holy ; by all a man holds sacred). 
Jn. implorare et obtestari. By any body, 
per aliquem. To adjure by all that is sa- 
cred, all you hold dear, &c., multis, om- 
nibus, infimis precibus petere, orare ; 
omnibus precibus orare et obtestari ali- 
quem. 

ADJUST, ordinare (general term to 
bring into order, regulate: disciplinam, 
Liv. ; litem, Cic. ; res publicas, Hor.) : in 
ordinem adducere, redigere : disponere 
(to dispose, according to a plan, in vari- 
ous places) : digerere, in ordinem digere- 
re (to distribute, so that what belong togeth- 
er may be placed together, and each group 
be separated from the rest : jus civile in 
genera, Cic.) : dispensare (to distribute 
proportionately) : componere (to arrange, 
so that the wfiole may present a pleasing 
appearance) : collocare, constituere (to 
fix) : describere (to sketch, arrange by a 
written order, describere classes centuri- 
asque ex censu (Liv.) : explicare (un- 
fold; to arrange a confused, entangled 
mass). To adjust hair, capillum com- 
ponere ; crines or capillos digerere (t) ; 
capillos disponere (Oi\) ; capillos come- 
re ; comam in gradus formare, frangere : 
the folds of a mantle, &c., collocare chla- 
mydem ut apte pendeat (Ov., Met., 2, 
733) : componere pallium or pallam (for 
chlamydem, pallium, vid. Mantle). To 
adjust one's affairs, rem familiarem con- 
stituere ; res suas ordinare ; res farailia- 
res componere : a plan of military opera- 
tions, totius belli rationem describere : a 
merchant's or tradesman's affairs, alicu- 
jus negotia explicare : limits, boundaries, 
fines constituere, terminare. To adjust 
disputes, controversias componere (Cos.). 
{{Adapt one thing to another, ac- 
commodare aliquid alicui rei or ad ali- 
quid : facere or efBcere ut aliquid con- 
gruat or conveniat cum re. Vid. Adapt. 

ADJUSTER, ordinator, dispositor (both 
in the Silver Age) ; qui aliquid ordinat, 
disponit, digerit, &c. 

ADJUSTMENT, ordinatio : constitutio 
(e. g., reUgionum, Cic.) : institutio (e. g., 
rerum, Cic.) : accommodatio (rei ad ali- 
quid). Or by CRCL. with verbs under Ad- 
just. 

ADJUTANT, adjutor tribuni militum 
(after Orell., Insc, 3517, where adjutor 
comicularii) : * adjutor castrensis [optio 
=prps., sergeant]. 

ADMEASUREMENT, dimensio: assig- 
natio (allotment ; e. g.. agrorum, Cic). 

ADMEN SURATI ON, dimensio (meas- 
urement) : assignatio (allotting, allotment. 
Obs., not attributio, which is the act of re- 
ferring any body to some other person for 
payment). 

ADMINISTER, administrare (to man- 
age or administer any thing: negotium, 
rem, boUum, rempublicam, magistra- 
tum) : fungi aliqud re (to perform any 
thing thoroughly, and to one's own satis- 
faction : raunere, officiis, honoribus) : ge- 
rere (to bear, to carry on ; with reference 
to one's conduct in power: magistratumi, 
imperium, honores, rempublicam, rem, 
rem bene, male) : prasesse alicui rei (to 
preside over it) : procurare (to manage 
any thing for another in fiis absence). 
{{Afford, Vid. || Contribute to, Vid. 
Phr. to administer an oath to any body, 
alicui jusjurandum deferre (to put him on 
his oath ; to tender an oath to him) : ju- 
rejurando aliquem astringere, obstringe- 
re, obligare (to bind any body by oath). 
To adminiater physic to any body, dare al- 
icui medicamentum (ad or contra ali- 
quid) : medicamentumpotui dare alicm 
(if it is a draught) : adhibere medicinam 
alicui (to employ it in any body's case). 
To administer poison to any body, venS- 
num nlicui infundere. To administer the 
sacrament of the Lord's Supper, * celebrare 
euchari.^tiam. To administer justice, ju- 
dicium facere (of coming to a decision in 
a particular rase) : jus dicere. dare, red- 
dere (general term for pronouncing sen 
tence, especially of the prator, and govern 



ADMI 

Of* <if pronneeg) : judicium exercere (to 
preside over a judicial invettigatiou, as 
judge). 

ADMINISTRATION, administratio 
(general term; e. g., reipublicae, praedii 
rustici, &c) : fiuictio (performance of the 
obligatiom laid upon one by any thing, 
honorum, &c.) : prociiratio (jaanagement 
far anaduT in his absence ; e. g^ alieno- 
rum bononun). || Body intrusted 
with the management of a nation's 
affairs, *qui toti reipubUcae adminis- 
tr^dae praepositi sunt : * qui prtefecti 
sunt rebus publicis : * rerum puDlicarum 
curatores : procuratores regni, or qui in 
procuratione regni sunt ^ e., toho rule in 
the name of a king who u a minor, imbe- 
tHe, Slc.). II Task or office of man- 
aging a nation's affairs, adminis- 
trado reipublicse ; negotia publica ; gum- 
ma imperii, rerum. 

ADMINISTRATOR, administrator : 
procurator (manager for another) : qui 
aliquid administrat, alicui rei prseest, <fec. 
ADMIRABLE, UieorrAy of admira- 
tion, admiratione dignus ; mirandus ; ad- 
mirandus ; mirabilis ; admirabilis. || Ex- 
cellent, egregius, eximius, excellens, 
pnecellens, prsestans, prsstabilia. [Stn. 
tn Excellent.] 
ADMIRABILITY, ? „ j„:,^K,n:..„ 
ADMIRABLENESS. j «dnurabibtas. 
ADMIRABLY, ||i» a manner that 
calls for admiration, admirabiliter : 
admirandum in modum. || Wonderfully, 
minim in modum : mirum quantum (in 
an extraordinary manner or degree). Ex- 
cellently, admirabiliter: egregie; exi- 
mie ; excellenter. 

ADMIRAL, prsefectus classis ; dux 
prsefectusque classis ; qui classi prseest 
To make any body an admiral, prajponere 
aliquem navibus ; prseficere aliquem clas- 
bL To be an admiral, classi prteesse, 
prsepositum esse ; toti ofiScio maritimo 
prsepositimi esse. TA* admiroTs ship, 
navis prsetoria. TTie odmiraTs jiag, *in- 
eigne navis prsetoriae. 

ADMIRALSHIP, summa imperii marl- 
timi. 

ADMIRALTY, toti officio maritimo 
prffiBositi (Caes., B. O., 3, 5). 

ADMIRATION, miratio, admiratio. To 
excite admiration, admirationem facere, 
efficere : admirationem habere (admira- 
tionem movere, to excite astonishment, of 
tJUTigs). To be seized with admiration, 
admiratio me capit or incessit Full of 
admiration (astonishment), mirabundus. 

ADMIRE, mirari (wonder at something 
neir, strange, &c.) : admirari (opposed to 
contemnere, to regard something with ad- 
miration as being great or good) : suspi- 
cere (to look up to with a sense of inferior- 
ity). To admire exceedingly, vehementer 
admirari. To be admired, admiratione 
affici : to be much admired, in magna ad- 
miratione esse. A man who speaks with 
eloquence and tcisdom is greatbf admired, 
magna est admiratio copiose et sapienter 
dicentis. || ColloquiaUy=.to be in love 
with, amore alicujus teneri or captum 
esse ; aliquem in amore habere ; amare. 

ADMIRER, admirator. To be a great 
admirer of anybody, admiratione celebra- 
re aliquem. ||£orer, amans (one who 
really loves) : amator (one who acts as if 
he loved, whether he does or not : a profess- 
ed lover) : of a thing, amans, amicus, ama- 
tor alicujus rei (the amator showing his 
feeling by his actions) : cultor alicujus rei 
(one who shows a high estimation of it) : 
studiosus alicujus rei (taking a lively in- 
terest in it) : consectator alicujus rei (pur- 
suing it eagerly). 
ADMIRINGLY, in admirantis modum. 
ADMISSIBLE, accipiendus : dignus qui 
(quae, quod) accipiatur (acceptabilis only 
icclesiastical) : probabilis, probandus 
(meriting approbation of) : squus, com- 
modus (fair: of proposals, conditions, 
&c.): licitus (allowed). WfThat ought 
to be conceded, concedendus. 

ADMISSIBILITY, {^worthiness of 
being received, sometimes *commo<ia 
ratio, coramoditas (agreeableness, suita- 
bleness) : sequitas (fairness) : probabilitas 
(deceit of approbation). But mo^y by 
cxcL. : to deny the admissQnlity of any 



ADMO 

thing, rem accipiendam esse negaie : ad- 
aum&tltty of any bod^s evidence, fides (so 
far at it deserves credit) ; graritas (so far 
as it has weight). 

ADMISSION, lltie being admitted, 
or privilege of being admitted, ad- 
missio (post-Augustan, the privilege of an 
audience with the emperor. Sec.) ; aditns. 
To pray for admission, *peto utintromit- 
tar or recipiar. There is no admission, 
nemini aditus patet To procure any body 
admission to any body or any thing, alicui 
aditum patefacere ad aliquem or aliquid. 
The admission of Ught, admissos solis. 
To refuse any body admission, alicui adi- 
tum negare: alicui aditum conTcniendi 
non dare (to refuse him an audience) : ja- 
nua prohibere : aliquem aditujanusearce- 
re : aliquem excludere. \\ Concession, 
concessio. This admission being made, 
quo concesso: quibus concessis. See 
what an admission I make you, L e., with- 
out compulsion, yidete quid vobis largiar. 

ADillT, intromittere, admittere: red- 
pere, excipere (to receive) : sometimes rn- 
fundere (to allow to flow in ; e. g., homines 
humiliores in alienum genus, Cic. : agmi- 
na in Graiciam, Curt.). To admit the ene- 
my into the town, hosti patefacere urbem ; 
hostem in urbem accipere. yot to admit 
any body, aliquem introitu prohibere, ali- 
cui introitum prtecludere (general term, 
to prevent from entering). Vid. "refuse 
admission," under Anxisstos. To ad- 
mit any body, alicui aditum dare, aliquem 
admittere (general term) : alicui aditum 
conreniendi dare ; alicui copiam sui dare 
(to grant an audience). Persons of the 
lowest rank are admitted to him, nemo tarn 
hnmilis est, cui non aditus ad eum pateat. 
II To concede, concedere: largiri (to 
concede graciously, without compulsion): 
fateor (opposed to celare, disclose any 
thing) : confiteor (confess in consequence 
of questions, menaces, compulsion) : dare 
(to present an opponent with it as a prelim- 
inary concession). Do you admit that ? 
Slc, dasne ! with ace and inf. Who can 
hesitate to admit this ? quis hoc non dede- 
ritf If you admit this, you must also ad- 
mit the former, dato hoc, dandum erit 
illud. Admit this to be so, or to be the 
ease, tat sane; &c or demus ita esse. 
\\ Admit, admit of=ibe capable of receiv- 
ing, suffering, &c [Vid. SrFFER.] To 
admit of some excuse, habere aliquid ex- 
casationis. To admit of no delay, dila- 
tionem non pati; dilationem or cimcta- 
tionem non recipere (both of things). 
This admits of no doubt, de hoc dubitari 
non potest 

ADMITTANCE, Vid. Admission. 

ADMIX, admiscere aliquid alicui rei: 
or aliquid aliqud re; or cum aliqua re 
(ColumeUa). 

ADMIXTION, > admixtio (as action) : 

ADMIXTLTIE, J admixtum or res ad- 
mista (as thing). 

ADMONISH, monere, admonere, to 
any thing, aliquid or with ut (to warn by 
appealing to aman'srtason and judgment; 
tke latter, mostly, by putting him in mind 
of something past) : hortari, adhortari (to 
appeal to his wxU and resolution, mostly 
from a friendly motive, and by pointing 
out the advantages of the proposed line of 
conduct : to exhort) ; to any thing, aliquem 
ad aliqald (in aliquid not good) or with ut 

ADMONISHER, monitor, admonitor: 
hortator, exhortator (eihorter, encoura- 

ADMONISHMENT, \ monitio, admom- 

ADMONITION, J tio : monitus, ad- 
monitus (only in dbV) : as thing, moni- 
tum, admonitum : hortatio, exhortatio. 
Srx. in Admonish. Xot to listen to any 
body's admonitions, aliquem monentem 
non audire. To listen to any body's wise 
admonitions, * audire or facere ea, quaa 
quis sapienter monuit : by my admonition, 
me monente: for your admonition, tui 
monendi causa (or with partcp., e. g, te 
moniturus h«c dico). 

ADMONITIONElt prps., admonitor 
non uimis verecundus (Cic, Fam., 9, 8) : 
censor, or censor castigatorqne : patruua 
(uncle; so used proverbially, Hor., Sat, 2, 
2,97). 

ADMONTTORT, monitorius (Sen.). 



ADRO 

ADO, Wtrouble, difficulty, negiv 
tiimi: with much ado, vix, aegre, Kger- 
rime, ma^no labore, multo negotio, multA 
operi, JL. ilto labore or sudore. To have 
much ado, to suffer, segre or eegerrime ali- 
quid pati ; to compel them, plurimum ne- 
gotii habere, ut cogam, &c. : to get them 
across the river, ajgerrime conficere ut 
flumen transeant There was muck ado 
to get it done, difficulter atque cegre fiebat 
\[Bustle, tumult, turba or turbsB (sel- 
dom), tiunultus. To make much ado, to- 
multum facere, tumultuari : about nothr- 
ing, excitare iluctus in simpulo, ut dici- 
tur (Prov. Cic, de Ugg-, 3, 1^ 36) ; magno 
conatu masrnas nugas dicere (if in words. 
Ter.). II With no more ado, sine mor4 O" 
dUatione; statim. 

ADOLESCENCE, adolescentia (from 
17 to 30, or even 40). Vid. Yocth. 

ADOPT, adoptare (a minor) : arrogare 
(an older person ; who may even be the far 
ther of a family). || Impbopb., To adopt 
a rex>lution, consilium capere or inire 
(faciendi aliquid ; or with ut or inf. ; or 
de aliqua re) : constituere (to resolve, to 
fir). To adopt a reading, lectionem, 
scripturam recipere. 

ADOPTER, adoptator (GeU., Ulp., 
Dig.)  arrogator (Go;, Z/lp.) : pater adop- 
tivus (Ulp.). 

ADOPTION, adoptio : arrogatio (Srw. 
in Adopt). 

ADOPTIVE, adoptiTus. (Cic ; e. g., 
filius, pater.) 

ADORABLE, venerandus, renerabilis: 
sancte renerandus : sanctus. 

ADORATION, reneratio ; adoratio 
(early, and in Livy, Slc.) : cultns. Vid. 
Adoke. 

ADORE, renerari, adorare (the latter 
the stronger, not used by Cic : both with 
the addition o/ut deum, when spoken of a 
man to whom divine honor is paid). || M 
a wider tente=:to love and honor, co- 
lere (e. g., a female). 

ADORER, venerator (poetical, Ov.): 
cultor. A zealous or constant adorer, as- 
siduns cultor. || Of a female, &C., cul- 
tor (Or.). To hare many adorers, in 
magna admiratione esse. 

ADORN, omare (general term) : deco- 
rate (opposed to what is ordinary or un- 
seemly : omare, opposed to w?uU is paltry 
and ineompUte. Dig.) : exornare (to dress 
or deck out : also of adorning a speech) : 
distinguere (to relieve, by ornaments placed 
here md there : also of a speech) : comeiie 
(to dress, i e., arrange ornamentally; e. 
g., the head, hair: also, figuratisely, a 
speech). With any thing, omare, exoma- 
re, distinguere, or distin^ere et om^« 
(set before), aliqud re ; excolSre aUqui re. 
or omata aUcujus rei (to embellish with) , 
e. g., the walls with marbles, parietes mar- 
moribus ; a roam uiith pictures, eubiculum 
tabolarum pictarum omatn. To adorn 
on^s self, se exornare (to dress mysdf 
out). The heaven adorned with stars, c<B- 
Inm astris distinctum et omatum. ||£( 
an ornament to, decori, omamento es- 
se : decus afferre (all alicui or alicui rei). 

ADRIFT, CBCL., according to the mean- 
ing, flnctibus or tempestate jactatus; in 
sale fiuctuans (Cic.) ; detersis remis : nnl- 
lo gubemante; gubemacnlo non habilis 
or 'inhabilis (VeilcL, "neque habilem gn- 
beraaculo") ; aflSictus. IIFig., To run 
adrift =: to wander without guid 
ance (of the mind. Sec.), vagaii errore 
Tagari et errare. 

ADROIT, dexter (j>f7s.,}ns(-^^$rK](am 
in prose) : ingeniosua (fertile in expedients, 
in new ideas) : solleis (pottetting praetu 
eal genius and inventioe power) : scitDS 
(hanng tact, mother-wit, and the faculty 
of combination) : caUidus (clever from ac- 
quired knowledge of men and the world) . 
catus (discovering and knowing secret 
ways and means) : prudens (naturaOfiju- 
didous) : peritus (tuicujus rei, tkHled in 
it). 

ADROITLY, dextre (Liv.), sollerter. 
ingeniose, commode, scienter, perito, doc- 
te. More adroitly, dexterius (Hor.). He 
managed the affairs so adroitly, that— rem 
— ita dexter e^t ut (Liv.). 

ADROITNESS, iieenii dexteritas, or 
dexteritas only (ad aliquid, Liv.,oftaaim 
II 



ADVA 

Sondiict toward uthers , in the sense of 
'adroitness" generally, it is not Lat.): 
soUertia, calliditas, prudentia, peritia : in- 
genium ad aliquid aptum or habile {natu- 
ral adroitness, in a imrticular respect). 
Syn. i}i Adroit. 

A DRY, sitiens. To be adry, sitlre. 
ADSCITITIOUS, adscitus or ascitus 
(jpartcp., opposed to nativus). 

ADSTRICTION, astrictio (adstringmt 
power, Plin,.). 

ADULATION, adulatio, assentatio. 
(Vid. Flattery.) Servile adulation, blan- 
ditiai verniles (such as slai^es brought up 
in their master's house used, Tac, Hist., 
59, 4). 

ADULATORY, adulatorius (Tac), adu- 
labilis (late, Ammian.) : blandiens, blandus. 
ADULT, adultus ; adulta; wtatis ; adul- 
td aitate. An adult, pubes. 

ADULTERATE, v., corrumpere (cor- 
rupt by an internal change of quality) : 
vitiare (general term, to make faulty, spoil; 
e. g., pecunias, merces) : adulterare (to 
introduce what is bad or spurious into 
what is good and genuine ; e. g., nummos, 
gemmas) : interpolare (to give any thing 
a good appearance by dressing it up ; with 
additions ; e. g., merces : to falsify a doc- 
•ument by additions and erasures) : tran- 
scribere (to falsify in copying). \\ Com- 
mit adultery, adulterium facers, inire, 
committere, &c. Vid. Adultery. 
ADULTERATE, >corruptus, vitia- 
ADULTERATED, 3 tus, adulteratus, 
&c. Vid. Adulterate, v. Adulterated 
money, nummus adulterinus (a coin of 
adulterated metal). 

ADULTERATION, adulteratlo. [Viti- 
atio (post-Augustan, and very rare: cor- 
ruptio, Oic. twice, but very rare)'\ Depra- 
vatio (Cic, otherwise rare). 

ADULTERER, adulter (noix6s): alie- 
narum corruptor feminarum (seducer of 
other men's wives). \\ Adulterer of coin, 
adulterator (monetie. Claud., Saturn., 
Dig.). 
ADULTERESS, adultera Qioixiii)- 
ADULTERINE, adulterinus; adulter- 
ine sanguine natus (Plin.). 

ADULTEROUS, adulter, a, uin. To 
have had adulterous intercourse with any 
body's wife, adulterio cognovisse alicujus 
uxorem. 

ADULTEROUSLY, *more adultero- 
rum. 

ADULTERY, adulterium. To commit 
adultery, adulterare : adulterium inire, 
committere, facere : conjugii fidem viola- 
re (to break on^s marriage vow: all of 
sins'le acts) : adultcria exercere (of the 
habit) : with any body's wife, alicujus uxo- 
rem adulterare, or adulterio cogno.»cere. 
Taken in adultery, in adulterio deprehen- 
sus: in stupro comperta (of a female). 

ADUMBRATE, adumbrare (more than 
to draw an outline, the outline being sha- 
ded, Freund : also, to give an imperfect 
representation in words) : delineare (to 
draw an outline). Phr., formam ac spe- 
ciem alicujus rei adumbrare : tantum- 
modo summas attingere (opposed to res 
expUcare). 

ADUMBRATION, imago adumbrata 
(opposed to effigies solida ct exiiressa) : 
adurabratio (act, and thing formed : also 
impropr., imperfect representation in words, 
an attempt, opposed to perfectio). 

ADUNATION, adunatio (very late, Cy- 
prian) : conjunctio (Cic, joining togeth- 
er). 

ADUNCITY, aduncitas (e. g., rostro- 
rum, Cic). 

ADUST, exustus (burned or dried up ; 
e. g., ager) : adustus (burned or scorched 
by the sun ; hence embrowned, brown ; 
odustus color) : roncipiendo igni aptus 
(inflammable) : facilis ad exardescondum 
(easily ignited) : sometimes fragilis (easily 
broken from being dry). 

ADVANCE, TK., Wmove forward, 
vropr., promovere (a camp, troops, chess- 
men, &c.). WPromote to honor, ali- 
quem augere, tollere, attollere (to raise a 
man to posts of honor in a state) : fovere 
(to show favor to by one's arts) : omare, 
exornare (to distinguish) : gratid ef auc- 
tor'tate suft sustcntare (sujrjmrt by one's 
iiifiaence). Jn. augere atque ornare : au- 
12 



ADVA 

gere et adjuvare ; fovere ac tollere ; sus- 
tiuere ac fovere. To advance to any thing, 
producere ad dignitatem (to raise to a post 
of honor) : promovere ad, or in munus, or 
ad locum (to advance to an office : time of 
empire. Not promovere alone) : muneri 
praiticere (sa over any thing) : munere 
ornare. To advance any body to a higher 
rank or office, aliquem promovere ad (in) 
ampliorem gradum, ad ampliora officia. 
\\ Forward: to advance any body's in- 
terests, servire alicujus commodis ; rebus 
or rationibus alicujus consulere or pro- 
spicere. The interests or welfare of a state, 
saluti reipubliciB consulere ; rempubli- 
cam juvare, tueri ; reipublicse salutem 
suscipere. A study, studiis favere, studia 
concelebrare (by pursuing it eagerly : of 
several persons, Cic, Invent., 1, 3, 4). || En- 
large, promovere (e. g., imperium, moe- 
nia, (fee). To advance any body's fortune, 
alicujus fortunam ampliticare. \\ Adorn, 
Vid. '^Accelerate, accelerare aliquid 
(to hasten any thing) : maturare aliquid, 
or with inf. (to endeavor to bring that to 
pass which should be performed now) : re- 
prsesentare aliquid (to do without delay, 
even before the time) : priecipitare aliquid 
(to hurry it on too much). \\Propose, 
bring forward, &c. To advance an 
opinion, sententiam dicere (to give or de- 
clare an opinion) ; tueri (to maintain it) ; 
aperire (to open or disclose it), &c. {| Pay 
in advance. Vid. Advance, s. 

Advance, intkans., \\to come for- 
ward, ■procedcrc (general term: also of 
a player) : progredi (also of a general) : 
prodire (to come forth ; hence, also, to pro- 
ject). II Of an army, vid. March. 
\\Make progress, procedere, progredi, 
procedere et progredi, proficere : in any 
thing, in re ; processus (never in the Golden 
Age profectum) facere in re. To advance 
in virtue, procedere et progredi in virtute ; 
progressionem facere ad virtutem. 

Advance, s., progressus, progressio 
(propr. et impr.) : processus (improper). 
II Money paid or received in ad- 
vance, *pecunia in antecessum data or 
accepta, respectively. To pay any body in 
advance, pecuniam alicui in antecessum 
dare. \\A step forward, as it were, to 
meet a lover and fix his attention : perhaps 
the nearest notion is blandimentum, blan- 
ditiffi. To make advances to, petere : 
prps., per blandimerrta adaredi (used by 
Tac. of a mother toward her son) : pclli- 
cere (ad sese) aliquem, or alicujus ani- 
mum. 

ADVANCE-GUARD, primum agmcn. 
Antecursores or antecessores agminis 
(small detachments, sent forward to observe 
the enemy, fix upon the ground for encamp- 
ing. Sic). 

ADVANCER, adjiitor alicujus rei (help- 
er, promoter) : auctor alicujus rei (the ad- 
viser and principal promoter) : minister 
alicujus rei (assistant in a bad action ; 
accx)mplice, abettor) : fautor alicujus or 
alicujus rei (favorer, supporter). 

ADVANCEMENT, Wpromotion, pre- 
ferment, dignitatis succc.=8io : otficium 
amplius. To hinder any body's advance- 
ment, aditura ad honorcs alicui interclu- 
dere. To receive advancement, lionore 
augeri; muneri prirfici (of advancement 
to a particular office). Further advance- 
ment, promoveri ad (in) ampliorem gra- 
dum, ad ampliora officia ; ascendere (ad) 
altiorem gradum. From any body, by any 
body's interest or support, per aliquem ; 
alicujus beneficio ; aiictum adjutumque 
ab' aliquo. || Vid. Advanxe. 

ADVANTAGi:, conimodum (advant- 
age : also of the adrantages belonging to 
an office) : ntilitas (serviccablene.'is, advant- 
age to be derived from any thing) : fruc- 
tus (the produce of any thing, the jrrofit 
we derive from a harve.it, possession, bim- 
ness, &c.) : lucrum (opposed to damnum : 
gain, generally) : quajstus (gain sought 
for and earned by trade or any cxmtinued 
labor) : compendium (a saving : aej:ord- 
ing to DOderlein, '• a single gain ofconsid- 
irable amount:" oirpose'd to dispendium) : 
emolumentura (according to Diidirl.. " oj>- 
posed to detrimentum : gain falling to 
one's share without antj exertion of one's 
own:" all the other authorities make it the 



AD VE 

opposite "gain designedly aimed at, and 
obtained by our own exertions :" nulla 
emolumenta laborum, Juv.). Advantage 
of ground, loci opportunitas. To derivs 
advantage from, utilitatem or fructum ex 
aliqua re capere or percipere : lucrum or 
quaestum ex aliqua re facere. It is of 
advantage to me, est e re mea ; eat in 
rem meam ; est mihi utmtati. To be of ad- 
vantage to, utilem esse, usui esse, ex usu 
esse (to be serviceable) : utilitatem or usum 
praibere, utilitatem afFerre : prodesse, 
conducere : to any body, esse ex usu 
alicujus : esse ex re or in rem alicujus 
(of a thing) : alicui prodesse, (fee. (of per- 
sons and things). To do any thing with 
advantage to himself, aliquid ad suam uti- 
litatem facere. To have an eye to his own 
advantage, aliquid ad fructum suum re- 
ferre : privato suo commodo servire (of 
the habit). To have a keen or sharp eye to 
his own advantage, ad suum fructum cal- 
lere or callidum esse. \\ Superiority, 
principatus, prior locus : excellentia, prse- 
stantia (excellence). To have the advant- 
age of any body, aliquo potiorem, prio- 
rem esse ; aliquem antecedere. In any 
thing, aliqud re praestare alicui or supe- 
rare, vincere aliquem. || Circumstan- 
ces of advantage (as properties): vir- 
tus (any mental excellence) : bonum (any 
good thing, valuable property) : laus (any 
property that deserves praise in the eyes of 
another). External advantages, externa 
bona ; bona in specie posita. Advanta- 
ges of mind and body, bona animi et cor- 
poris. II The advantage was with the Ro- 
mans, i. e., the victory, res Romana 
erat superior. In the skirmishes the Ga- 
bini mostly had the advantage, parvis proe- 
liis Gabina res plerumque superior erat 
WOpportunity of gain unfairly 
taken : to take advantage of any thing, 
ex aliqua re suam occasionem petere (e. 
g., ex incommodo alicujus) : aliquid quEBS- 
tui habere : aliquid in suum turpissimnm 
quaistum conferre (of several things, Cic). 
\\To advantage : to appear to advant- 
age, placere ; solito magis placere, ifec. 
Not to appear to advantage, parum pla- 
< ere ; solito minus placere ; displicere. 
T) be dressed to advantage, vestiri honeste 
(ipposcd to quod satis est : vestiri mid.). 
\\ Advantage- ground, locxis opportQ- 
nus : loci opportunitas : fig., locus excel- 
8U8 et illustris (Cic). 

ADVANTAGE, v., prodesse (to be m 
make for any body : opposed to obesse, to 
make against him : ad aliquid) : condu- 
cere (to contribute to his advantage : ad 
or in aliquid : only in 3d sing, and plur.) : 
expedire (to extricate : hence to be of ad- 
vantage in difficult circumstances : ad ali- 
quid) : esse ex usu alicujus, esse ex re or 
in rem alicujus (to be for his interest). To 
advantage any body little, longe alicui 
abesse (of a thing). \\ Intr., utilem esse : 
Usui esse : ex usu esse : utilitatem or 
usum prajbere ; utilitatem ulferre : pro- 
desse, conducere. 

ADVANTAGEOUS, qucestuosus (bring- 
ing rich profit ; e. g., mercatura) : lucro- 
sus (gainfid : of gain accruing from the 
thing itself; e. g., fraus) : utilis (sereice- 
ablefor the purpose of gaining an advant- 
age) : all three also ; to any body, alicui : 
commodus (convenient, serviceable): op- 
portunus (conveniently situated or circnm- 
stancfd for assisting in the attainment of 
an object ; of time and place) : fructuosus 
(bringing profit to be enjoyed) : aaluber, 
salutaris (healthy: salutary). \\Tn be 
advantaifeons. Vid. Advantage, v. 

ADVANTAGEOUSLY, utiliter, bene, 
salubriter. 

ADVANTAGEOUSNESS. Vid. Ad- 
vantaoe. 

ADVENT, adventus (arrival, coming). 
The first Sunday in Advent, dominica pri- 
ma Adventila (Eccl. — Catcch. Concil. 
Trident.). 

ADVENTITIOUS, adventicius or -tiua 
(i. c., "extrinsecus ad nos pervciiicns : 
non nostrum aut noetro labore piiratuni," 
Em. : opposed to proprius, innatus, insi- 
tus). Jn. extemus et or atque adventi- 
cius. 

ADVENTURE. Vide Accidknt ; 
Chance. \\ Enter prise, periciilum 



AD VE 

(danger): alea (game of haiard: haz- 
ard; : facinua, facinus audax (bold deed) : 
dimicatio fortunaj or fortunarum, vita or 
capitis (danger where otj*"* property or 
Uje is at stake). \\At all adventures, te- 
mere. \\Strange or remarkable oc- 
currence, casus, *casti3 mirif icus : res 
mirs, mirtficae, inusitat«e. I met viUh an 
adventure, res mirse, &c., evenerunt mihL 

ADVENTURE, v. tb., aliquid in aleam 
dare : ire in aleam alicujus rei (to peril or 
risk any thing) : aliquid audere (to dare 
any thing) : periculum alicujus rei or in 
 aliqusl re t'acere ; aliquid tentare, experi- 
ri, periclitari (to try one's luck in a dan- 
gerous business). Jn. experiri et peri- 
clitari One's life, committere se pericu- 
k) mortis. Intb^ || aleam subire, adire : 
se in casum dare (to run the risk) : au- 
dere (to dare). 

ADVENTURER, qui tentat ac pericli- 
tBtur fortunam ; * qui incerta fata quaerit 
(one who seeks adventures) : homo vagus 
(a wanderer from land to land). 

ADVENTURESOME. Vid. Advbn- 
Txmors. 

ADVENTURESOMENESS. Vid, Ad- 
vunxraousNESs. 

ADVENTUROUS, audens (hold, in a 
good sense, especially of a single act) : au- 
oax (bold in good or bad sense : of the 
habit) : confidens (full of self-confidence, 
in a bad sense) : temerarius (rash). Jn. 
temerarius atque audax. To be adven- 
turous, audacem or audacia confidentem 
esse. \\ Hazardous, dangerous, of 
things, periculosus (full of danger) : an- 
ceps (threatening equal danger from two 
sides) : dubius (doubtful, as to how it may 
turn out). Jn. periculosus et anceps. 

ADVENTUROUSLY, audacter, confi- 
denter, temere. 

ADVENTUROU3NESS, audentia (6oW- 
itess as a laudable spirit of enterprise) ; mx- 
daci&(boldness, in good or bad sense): con- 
fidentia (presumptuous self-confidence) : 
temeritas (rashness). 

ADVERB, adverbium. Adverbs of 
place, loci adverbia (Quint.). 

AD VERBIAL, adverbii vicem obtinens. 

ADVERBIALLY, adverbiaUter (Diom., 
Charis., PHsc). To be used adverbially, 
adverbiorum obtinere vicem (QuJni.) ; in 
adverbium transire (Quint.). 

ADVERSARIA, Jinote-book, com- 
won place-book, libellus : commenta- 
riolum, commentarii (vid. Schiktz, Lot. 
dc, sub voc. Obs., adversaria is also^^ i 
day-book, in which accounts were set I 
down at the moment, to be afterward trans- | 
ferred to the ledger). 

ADVERS.ARY, adversarius (any oppo- 
nent, in the field, politics, a court ofjudi- ; 
cature, Slc.) : qui contra dicit : qui con- | 
tra disputat (opponent in a learned argu- \ 
ment) : qui aiicui adversatur (of any op- 
ponent). In the speeches of an advocate, 
the opponent is mostly designated by iste, 
without any contemptuous meaning). To 
be any body's adversary, aiicui reaistere, 
obsistere, repugnare (to resist by actions) : 
aiicui adversari (to be opposed to any body's 
opinion, wishes, views). l|//= enemy. 

ViD. 

ADVERSATIVE, adversativus (Prise). 

ADVERSE, \\opposite, adversus, con- 
trarius. Adverse wind, ventus adversus, 
contrarius. To have adverse winds, ad- 
▼ersis ventis uti ; ventus mihi adversum 
tenet. [\ Against any body's pur- 
pose and wish, adversus. Adverse for- 
tune, adversa fortuna, casus tristis, adver- 
sus. Adverse circumstances, res adversa;, 
inconunodse. \\Personally opposed, 
adversus (opposiu) : infensus (enraged 
against). Jn. jnfensus et adversus. 

ADVERSITY, adversa (neuL plur., op- 
vosed to secunda or prospers, unfavora- 
bu events, whfiher happening to indicidu- 
nls or states) : res adversae, tbrtuns af- 
flictse, from the context fortunes only (un- 
fortunate circumstances ; especially with 
reference to property and civil relations) : 
fortuna adversa (an unhappy fate, the re- 
sult of blind chance) : casus adversus, or 
from the context casus only (a misfortune 
happening to an individual) : calamitas 
an accident attended with great loss or iu- 
fury : also in war) : miseria (wretehed- 



AD VI 

ness caused by a long-continued presture 
of evil). Fortuna mala (evil Fortune, con- 
sidered as a deity) : acerbitates, " sour ad- 
versities,'' Shak. To be in adversity, to 
suffer adversity, in malis esse, jacere ; in 
mails versari : in miaerid esse, vcrsarL 
To suffer much adversity, multum mala- 
rum rerum sustinere. 

ADVERT, animum attendere, adver- 
tere ad aliquid : advertere aliquem : ani- 
mum intendere, or defigere et intendere, 
in (seldom ad) aliquid ; tenere animum 
attentum, referre animum ad aliquid; 
cogitationem intendere ad rem (turn 
on^s thoughts toward any thing). 

ADVERTENCE or -ENCY, animi at- 
tentio (Cic) : ofleaer intentio (both, the 
turning the attention toward any thing) : 
dUigentia (the care with which one treats a 
subject) : audientia (atteiuion to a speaker, 
for which intentio may be used). Advert- 
ence to any thing, observatio alicujus rei 
(noting it, observing it). 

ADVERTENT, artentus, intentus (with 
a mind attentive, or on the stretch) : erec- 
tus (mth the mind ercited). 

ADVERTISE, ||jn/orBi, nunciare aii- 
cui aliquid (announce, by letter or by a 
messenger) : per nuncium declarare aii- 
cui aliquid (by a messenger) : certiorem 
facere aliquem alicujus rei or de aliqud 
re (^Ve him certain information : by let- 
ter, per literas) : docere aliquem aliquid 
cr de re (to give him information) : de- 
ferre, perferre aliquid ad aliquem (to 
convey information to any body) : signifi- 
care aiicui aliquid (to give any body to 
understand ; especially under a promise 
of secrecy : to give a hint of any thing : 
6y letter, Uteris or per literas. \\To give 
public notice of, declarare (to an- 
nounce publicly that something is going 
to happen ; e. g., gladiatorial shows, mu- 
nera: aZso ostendere) : praedicare (to pro- 
clam by a herald .- KripuTTtiv, avaiaipvT- 
Tttv) : pronunciare (fzitpayjeWtiv, pub- 
lish, cahse to be proclaimed by a herald ; 
e. g., orders, names of the conquerors in 
games. Sex:.) : aperire, patefacere (to 
spread the knowledee of). 

ADVERTISE.MENT, indicium, signifi- 
catio (both as the act of giving informa- 
tion and information given) : nuucius (in- 
formation given, especially by a messe/t- 
ger, but also generally). \\Declaration, 
public notice, praedicatio, pronuncia- 
tio. (Syn. in Advebtise.) \\Admoni- 
tion, monitio, admonitio (action and 
thing) : monitum, admomtum : pra^cep- 
tum (as thins). 

ADVERTISER, index: delator (one 
who gives information to a magistrate : 
both o/tCTi=:proditor): nuncius (one who 
brings intelligence). \[As name of a 
newspaper, the nearest erpresaion, is acta 
diuma, orum. 

ADVICE, consilium (general term) : 
prseceptum (direction given by one quali- 
fied to teach) : auctoritas (declared opin- 
ion of a person of weight and influence). 
To give advice to any body, aiicui consili- 
um dare : consilii auctorem SaSe aEcuS; 
To give any body good, sound, or sensible 
advice, aiicui rectiun consilium dare : 
honest advice, fidele consilium aiicui dare : 
excellent advice, maxime utilia aiicui sua- 
dere. To ask any body's advice, aliquem 
consulere ; by letter, per literas (also of 
consulting physician), petere consilium 
ab aliquo. To follow any body's advice, 
sequi alicujus consilium ; alicujus consi- 
lio uti ; alicujus consUio obtemperare. 
To act by any body's adrice, facere de or 
ex alicujus consilio. By my advice, me 
auctore, suasore, consuasore ; me auc- 
tore et suasore ; or me suasore et auc- 
tore ; me suasore et impulsore : me hor- 
tante (by my exhortation). To despise any 
body's adrice, alicujus consilium spemere 
(Ov.): aliquem monentem spemere (if 
it is warning advice, Ov.). To assist any 
body with advice, aiicui adesse, praesto 
adesse, non deesse. \\Del iberation, 
Vid. ff^ith adrice, consilio. consulte (no* 
consulto), considerate, remotd temeri- 
tate. Without advice, sine consilio ; in- 
considerate ; temere. ^Intelligence, 
Vid. WPrudent consideration, con- 
silium. 



ADVO 

AD\TS ABLE, utilis ; froctaooiu Qrriag- 
ing gain, profit) : saluber, salataris (whole- 
some, salutary). Tobeadvisable,VL\Sleeaaio. 

ADVI.SABLENESS, utiHtas. 

ADVISE, consilium dare. To advise 
to any thing, to do any thing, auctorem 
esse ^cujus rei or with inf. (of an advis- 
er whose advice is thai principally consid- 
ered) : suasorem esse alicujus rei : sua- 
dere aiicui aliquid or, mostly, with at (te 
advise by aiming at inftuenctng the un- 
derstanding) : hortatorem esse alicujus 
rei: bortari aliquid: hortari (aliquem) 
with ut (to exhort ; to aim at influencing 
the will). Jn. suadere et hortari : auc- 
torem et suasorem esse : monere (to 
give warning advice, appevding to the con- 
sciousness and judgment ; followed by ut, 
ne) : censeo (to gtve it as one's opinion ; 
with ut, or subj. without ut). To advise to 
concord, hortari ad concordiam : to peace, 
pacis auctorem esse ; pacem suadere. / 
advise you to leave off, censeo desistas. 
II Inform, Vro. \\Consult, Vid. 

ADVISED, II acting with delibera- 
tion. Sec: consideratus : circumspectus 
(circumspect) : cautas (cautious) : provi- 
dens, prudens (acting with foresight). 
Jn. prudens et providus ; prudens et 
cautus. \\Done or chosen with con- 
sideration, consideratus: circumspec- 
tus. \\Ill advised, inconsideratua (of 
person and thing : acting or done without 
deliberation) : temerarius (rash) : incaa- 
tus (incautious). 

ADVISEDLY, considerate (opposed to 
inconsiderate) : caute (opposed to in- 
caute) : consulto, consilio (considerately, 
with deliberation) : de or ex industrid : 
datd or deditd operS (irirA pains; pur- 
posely). To do any thing advisedly, con- 
sulto et cogitatum facio aliquid ; aliquid 
prudens sciensque facio. 

ADVISEDNESS, consideratio, consid- 
erantia (deliberation) : consilium (matura 
deliberation) : attentio : diligentia (heed- 
ful care) : cautio (caution). 

ADVISE.MENT, \\information, Vm 
^Advisedness, Vid. 

ADVISER, suasor : hortator (Stn. in 
Advise) : impulsor (one who urges on) : 
monitor (a warning adviser) : auctor con 
silii or consiliorum, or from the context 
auctor only (the first proposer or principal 
adiriser of the plan). Jn. auctor et con 
suasor ; suasor et auctor ; auctor et im- 
pulsor : consiiiarius (general term, a coun- 
sellor : one who stands by any body to assist 
him with his advice) : consiliorum minis- 
ter, or minister only (a subordinate ad- 
viser). To be any body's adviser, aliquem 
consilio regere. To give any body to any 
body as an adviser, aliquem aiicui in con- 
siliam dare. The people has had advisers. 
popolus malis utitur ministris. 

ADVOC-iCY, advocatio : patrocinium- 
procuratio. (Svn. in Advocate.) j| De- 
fence, patrocinium : defensio : propug- 
natio. 

ADVOCATE, causarum actor: causid- 
Jcus (general term, a lawyer who manages 
causes: the latter a depreciating term). 
T%e advocate in a cause, defensor (oni 
who defends another in a court of justice) : 
advocatus (the lawyer who assists and ad- 
vises any body in the management of his 
cause) : actor (one who conducts a judicial 
accusation for any body) : patronus causs, 
patronus (the advocate who spoke in court 
for his client). In private causes, cogni- 
tor (the agent who managed the case of a 
party who has himself appeared in court) : 
procurator (who conducts the case of an 
absent person in his (non name). See 
Lau'veb. a noisy or blustering advocate, 
rabula de foro ; rabula latratorque. To 
be an advocate, causas agere, actitare , 
causas dicere in foro ; versari in foro. 
To be any body's advocate, causam dicere 
pro aliquo : in any thing, de aliqnd re : 
defendere aliquem de aliqud re ; aiicui 
causae actorem intercedere. To employ 
an advocate, adoptare sibi patronum, de- 
fensorem ; deferre causam ad patronum. 
WChampion of a cause, defensor: 
propugnator (e. g., libertatis, Cic.) : p» 
tronus (e. s., foederum). 

ADVOCATE, v., pugnare, propugnara 
pro aliqu& re ; defendere aliquid. 
13 



AFFE 

ADVOWEE, * patronus : fern, patrona. 

ADVOWSON, jus patronatiis (Fan- 
dect). To have the advowson, jus patro- 
natus exercere. 

AERIAL, aerius (existing in, or con- 
tisting of, our denser atmosphere) : sethe- 
rius (existing in, or consisting of, the up- 
per and purer air) : sometimes spirabilis, 
flabilis (fit for respiration) : coelestis (ex- 
isting in, coming from, &c., heaven^. 
II Lofty, aerius (poetical of mountains, 
Unoers, &c.). 

AERIE, nidus. Vid. Nest. 

AEROLITH, lapis qui coelo decidit : 
aerolithus (technical term). 

AEROMANCY, aeroraantia (Isidorus, 
Orig., 8, 9). 

AEROMETER, aerometron (technical 
term). 

AERONAUT, * aeronautes (technical 
term). 

AERONAUTICS, *ars aeronautica. 

AFAR, procul (opposed to juxta, at a 
considerable distance, but mostly within 
sight) : longe (opposed to prope, at a great 
distance: mostly out of sight). Both pro- 
cul and longe = «o a great distance and 
from a great distance : eminus (opposed 
to comminus : at such a distance as to be 
in reach only of missiles) : e longinquo 
(opposed to e propinquo, from a really 
great distance) : peregre (from a foreign 
land). To be afar off, procul or longe 
abesse. To come from afar, e longinquo 
venire. To follow afar off, magno or Ion- 
go intervallo sequi. 

AFEARD, territus, exterritus, perter- 
ritus, trepidus. Vid. Afraid. 

AFFABILITY, affabilitas ; affabilitas 
Bermonis : sometimes civilitas (in a 
prince) : comitas. Syn. in Affable. 

AFFABLE, affabilis (pleasantly con- 
versing with inferiors) : comis (kind and 
condescending toward inferiors ; obliging 
toward equals): civilis (of princes, behav- 
ing toward their subjects as their fellow- 
citizen : post- Augustan). [06s., humani- 
tas is o higher virtue, of which affabilitas, 
comitas, <fec., are partial manifestations.] 

AFFABLY, affabUiter (Macrob.) : com- 
iter. Very affably, affabilissime (Gell.). 
To behave affably to every body, erga om- 
nes ee affabilem prsestare. 

AFFAIR, res (general term) : negotium 
(business). \\ Affair s=property, &c., 
res familiaris : res doraesticai, or domes- 
ticiB ac familiares. The confusion of his 
affairs, iraplicatio rei familiaris. To man- 
age any body's affairs, alicujus negotia, or 
rationes negotiaque procurare. || Some- 
limes=iengagement. Vid. Battle. 

AFFECT, v., \\work or have influ- 
ence upon, vim habere or exercere in 
aliquid (vim exserere is not Latin). 
\\Work upon (move, touch) the mind, 
raovere, commovere, permovere (gener- 
al terms) : tangere (to touch, make an im- 
pression on ; aliquem, alicujus animum) : 
frangere (to raise gentle feelings in any 
body, aliquem or alicujus animum) : per- 
cutere (to affect violently) : afficere, e. g., 
lietitia, voluptate, &c. t^^ Afficere can 
not properly be used absolutely for affect 
in this sense, but only in such combina- 
tions as, "Your letter affected me 
so," Uteris tuse sic me aftecerunt, ut. 
Sec.: "they were so affected," eorura 
animi ita atfecti sunt, ut, &c. : it affects 
me a little, modice me tangit aliquid : not 
at all, non laboro de re (/ care nothing 
about it ; e. g., de alicujus morte). To be 
violently affected, vehementius moveri. 
tl Work upon injuriously, afficere 
(e. g., hunger, cold, &c., affect the body) : 
debilitare (weaken) : frangere (to oppress 
the mind) : violently, grievously, &c., con- 
ficere (almost to destroy ; especially of 
pain of body or min d). To affect the 
eyes, oculorum aciem obtundere : the 
cold affects any bodij, * frijus horrore ali- 
cujus corjius atiicit : to affect his body and 
mind, nervos mentis et corporis fran- 
gere : the whole linr is affected, pulmo 
totus afficitiir (Ccl?.). \\Put on the ap- 
pearance of any thing, simulure 
(pretend): o.'^t^^nd re : jactare : pne se 
ferre (to a.ssiime ostentatiously) : affectare 
(to strive after any thing too much : not 
till the Silver Age). To affect the philoso- 
14 



AFFE 

pher in his exterior, philosophise studinm 
habitu corporis pra) se ferre : constancy, 
friendship, tears, knowledge of any thing, 
constantiam, amicitiam, lacrimas, ecien- 
tiam rei simulare : another person's gait, 
incessum alicujus inepte exprimere : a 
serious look, a solemn pace, &c., aliquis 
sibi vultum, incessum fingit, quo gravior 
videatur. \\Aim at, endeavor after, 
att'ectare aUquid (to pursue an object with 
eagerness ; e. g., imperium in Latinos, 
regnum, Liv. : magniticentiam verborum. 
Quint.) : petere, appetere (aim at, long 
for ; e. g., honores, prseturam, princi- 
patum eloquentise, regnum) : expetere 
(pursue one object selected from others, and 
therefore the more eagerly, pecuniam, divi- 
tias) : aspirare ad aliquid (rare : ad ali- 
cujus pecuniam : ad laudem) : captare 
aliquid (try to catch or obtain ; plausum, 
voluptatem) : sequi (to pursue : otium et 
tranquillitatem vitse, virtutem). Also per- 
sequi, sectari, consectari aliquid ; studere 
alicui rei ; concupiscere aliquid ; servire, 
inservire alicui rei ; niti, adniti ad ali- 
quid. [Vid. Strive.] \\To be fond of. 
Vid. Love. 

AFFECTATION, affectatio (the endeav- 
or to say or write something surprising. 
V. Bremi ad Suet., Tib., 7) : *inepta imi- 
tatio (insipid, unnatural imitation) : in- 
eptias (affected graces in one's carriage, 
manners, &c.) : *putida elegantia (in 
writing) : simulatio (hypocritical imita- 
tion of any thing). 

AFFECTED, (A) of men: putidus 
(o7(e who overdoes the thing ; especially in 
speaking) : ineptus (forced) : molestus 
(veiatiously silly) : arte quad am in osten- 
tationem virtutum compositus : vultuo- 
6US (grimacing) : gesticulationibus mo- 
lestus (vexing one by his gestures, alti- 
tudes, &.C.). To be affected in gait, mol- 
lius incedere (of a mincing, tripping, ef- 
feminate gait) : magnifice incedere (of a 
stately one) : in manner, in gestu mollem 
esse, gesticulationibus molestum esse : 
in speech, pxitide (in an exaggerated man- 
ner) or inepte (in a forced manner) dicere 
or loqui. || (B) of things, putidus (over- 
done, exaggerated) : molestus (trouble- 
some) : quaesitus (sought with pains) : as- 
citus (borrowed from others, not natural; 
opposed to nativus). Affected words, ap- 
parata verba. Affected walk, mollior in- 
cessus (Ov., A. A., 306). 

AFFECTEDLY, putide, inepte. Of 
gait, moUius (mincingly, trippingly), 
magnifice (in a stately way). To behave 
affectedly, * putide se gerere. Syn. m 

AFFECTEDNESS. See Affectation. 

AFFECTION, || love, &c., amor (gen- 
eral term, but especially a passionate lore) : 
caritas (any tender, unsensual affection ; 
especially that of parents toward their chil- 
dren : not used of things, except country, 
patriae or erga patriam, reipublicaj) : pie- 
tas (dutiful affection, natural affection ; e. 
g., affection toward the gods, one's rela- 
tions, country, &c.) : benevolentia (good- 
will) : studium, voluntas (inclination, lik- 
ing for) : indulgentia (indulgent affection, 
overlooking offences, faults, &c.). In post- 
Augustanprose, atfectio (Plin., Tac, &c.) ; 
affectus (Tac., Suet., Quint.). Affection 
toward or for any body, amor in, erga, ad- 
versus aliquem ; also amor alicujus ; pi- 
etas, benevolentia, voluntas, in or erga al- 
iquem: studium in aliquem; also alicu- 
jus. Maternal affection, matemi amoris 
cura : fraternal affection, fraternus amor 
in aliquem. To love any body with extra- 
ordinary affection, singulari amore ali- 
quem amare ; aliquem in deliciis habere ; 
Eummum me tenet alicujus studium. To 
gain any body's affection, alicujus amo- 
rcm, benevolentiam, voluntatem sibi con- 
ciliare. To cherish any body's affcaion, 
alicujus amorem fovere ; alicujus carita- 
tem retinere. From affection, propter 
amorem, or benevolentiam ; amore im- 
pulsus, incitatus, ex amore : from pure 
affection, ipsi aliqua re captus : for af- 
fection, praj amore. || Affection for 
a thing, amor, studium alicujus rei. 
To have an affection for any thing, alicu- 
jus rei esse amantem, studiosum, appe- 
tentem, cupidum ; alicujus rei studio te 



AFFI 

neri, captum esse : sometimes aliquid pe- 
tere, concupiscere. [Vid. Inclination.] 
II A state produced in a body or 
mind, afFectio (generally of a temporary 
state, but also of a permanent one ; e. g., 
affectio animi constans, Cic., Siddcati ij/v- 
XfiO '■ (animi) affectus (in the best proga 
writers only, state or disposition of mind ; 
but in Quintilian's time=TTii6os ; and in 
plur., "the affections" generally ; also, af- 
fection of body, Cels.). || Passion of 
any kind, affectio, affectus (see just be- 
fore) : animi concitatio : animi impetus : 
(stronger) animi perturbatio : motus an 
imi turbatus or perturbatus (violent emo 
tion : animi affectio, the state or disposi- 
tion : animi motus, commotio, or permo- 
tio, emotion of the mind generally). A 
temporary affection, temporarius animi 
motus (vid. Quint., 5, 10, 28). Vehement 
or violent affection, acerrimus animi mo- 
tus ; vehemens animi impetus. Vid. Pas- 
sion. 

AFFECTIONATE, tener (tender: sens- 
itive) : mollis (soft, gentle) : blandua 
(showing visible signs of affection) : amo- 
ris plenus (full of love) : amans (mostly 
with gen. of a person tenderly beloved ; e. 
g., uxoris) : pius (full of dutiful affection 
to parents, children, (fee.) : indulgens (over- 
looking faults). Jn. amans indulgensque. 
[Obs., affectuosus, in very late writers : 
Macrob., Cassiod., Tertull.] Affectionate 
upbraidings, moUes querelee : to write an 
affectionate letter to any body, literas amo- 
ris plenas dare ad aliquem : very affec- 
tionate words, verba hlandissima, aman- 
tissima. 

AFFECTIONATELY, blande, amanter 
pie. To look affectionately at any body , 
prps., moUi vultu aliquem aspicere (Or., 
Met., 10, 609) : to behave affectionately to- 
ward, alicui multa blandimenta dare. 

AFFECTIONATENESS, pietas (affec- 
tionateness as exhibited toward parents, 
(fee.) : indulgentia (as shown in overlook- 
ing faults, &.C.) : or by crcl. with adj. 

AFFIANCE, fiducia (the proper word) : 
fides (belief in a man's honesty) : spes fir- 
ma or certa (confident expectation). To 
have affiance in any thing or any body, 
fidere, confidere alicui rei or alicui : fre- 
tum esse aliqud re or aliquo (to build on 
any thing) : fiduciam habere alicujus rei 
(to rely confidently on any thing). \\ Mar- 
riage contract, sponsalia. 

AFFIANCE, v., spondere, despondero 
(alicui aliquam : desponsare, toe) : desti- 
nare alicui (jam destinata erat egregio ju- 
veni, Plin.) is post- Augustan in the sense of 
despondere alicui. To affiance one's self 
to any body, despondere sibi aliquam (of 
the man) ; alicui desponderi (of the wom- 
an). \\ Affianced, eponsus; to any body, 
sponsa, desponsa alicui (of the woman). 

AFFIDAVIT, no exactly corresponding 
term: prps., testimonium (as opposed to 
testis or praesens testis) or testimonium 
recitatum ("tcstimonia qxim recitari sc- 
lent," Callistr., Dig.) : [* testimonium af- 
firmate (=:cum jurejurando) scriptuin (?) 
or * consignatum Uteris testimonium (?)]. 
Sometimes jusjurandum only, or * fides ju- 
rejurando data. To make affidavit, * af- 
firmate scribere (?) with ace. and inf. : 
jurare ; jurejurando firmare. 

AFFILIATION. Vid. Adoption. 

AFFINITY, affinitas. To make affinity 
with (Bible Tr.), aiBnitatem cum aliquo 
conjungere ; cum aliquo affinitate sese 
conjungere, sese devincire. liclations by 
affinity, affines: affinitiite conjuncti. To 
be connected by affinity, affinitate inter se 
jungi, devincTri. \\ Close connection, 
similarity, cognatio, conjunctio. To 
have an affinity with any thing, cognatio- 
ncm habere cum aliqua re ; propinqimm, 
finitimum, propinquum et finitimum esse 
alicui rei : there is some affinity between 
our souls and the gods, animus tenctur 
quadam conjunctione deorum : not to 
bear the least affinity to any thing, remo- 
tissimum esse a re. || Power of at- 
tracting, * attrahendi, quffi dicitur, vis 
(propr.) : * vis ad se illicicndi or attra- 
hendi (impropr.). 

AFFIRM, aio (opposed to nego : absol. 
or with ace. and tnf.) : affirmaro (assert 
that something is so) : confirmare [affirm 



AFFL 

«i^ support the assertion by reasons). 
y Confirm a contract, lav, judgment, 
&c, sancire (pactum, legem. Sec.) ; alicu- 
.U8 rei auctorem fieri (e. g., legis ; of its 
reception by the Senate) ; ratum facere, 
efficere ; ratum esse jubere. (Vid. Con- 

FIBM.) 

AFFIRMATION, affirmatio. H Con- 
firmation (Vid.) of a law, &c., con- 
firmatio, auctoritas, fides. 

AFFIRMATIVE, aiens {opposed to ne- 
gans, " negantia contraria aientibus," 
Vie) : affirmans (asserting that something 
is so : in late grammarians, aflSrmativus). 
An normative anstcer, affirmatio. 

AFFIRJU.TIVELY, no exactly corre- 
tponding word : afiirmanter, in CML, is 
' urith confidence :" affirmate, Cic, &c., 
is "positively," " toith an oath." 

AFFIX, c, figere, affigere aliquid alicui 
rei (Join one thing to another ; also, with 
nails) : alUgare aliquid dd rem, annecte- 
re aliquid ad rem or alicui rei (to bind 
nne thing to another) : assuere alicui rei 
(to stiich together) : agglutinare alicui rei 
(to glue together) : apponere aliquid ali- 
cui rei or M aliquid {the proper word of 
placing one thing by another) : adjicere 
aliquid alicui rei (to add a supplementary 
remark, &c., to something before said). 
To affix a fine, alicui multam dicere (of 
the judge : irrogare, of the accuser). To 
affix a name to any thing, alicui rei nomen 
or vocabulum imponere : a meaning to a 
word, verbo rim, sententiam, notionem 
subjicere. 

AFFIXION, aflSxio (very late): aDiga- 
tio (Col). 

AFFLICT, angere (to^ with fear, an- 
guish : of future things) : torquere, cru- 
ciare, excruciare (to torture, &c.) : alicui 
tBgre facere : alicui injuriam inferre (of 
persons) : aliquem mordere, pungere (to 
sting, vex, &c., of things) : fodicare, fodi- 
care animum (properly, to dig into ; hence, 
vex, sting) : Texare (to vez, harass) : do- 
lorem alicui facere, efficere, alferre, com- 
moTere, incutere ; dolore, sollicitudine, 
segritudme, aliquem afficere. To afflict 
onis self, afflictare se (Cic^, affile tan 
(Ctc.), angi ; crucian ; laborare ; sollici- 
tum esse. To afflict with disease, morbo 
afficere. Vid. Afflicted. 

AFFLICTED, to be, dolere; in dolore 
esse ; dolore angi ; in moerore jacere : 
soUicitudinem habere , in sollicitudine 
esse; aigritudinem suscipere; Kgritudi- 
ne affici ; about any thing, laborare, solli- 
citum esse de re ; afflictari de re (CHc.) : 
anxium et sollicitum me habet aliquid ; 
about any body, asgritudinem suscipere 
propter aliquem. {| JVith disease: 
morbo laborare, afiectum esse, vexart 
Vid. Disease. 

AFFLICTED (OS ad/".), sollicitus; aegri- 
tudine aftectus, seger animo or animi. 

AFFLICTEDNESS. Vid. Affliction. 

AFFLICTER,Texator: afflictor (/ownd 
but once : a person who injures or destroys : 
afflictor dignitatis, &c.). 

AFFLICTION, || subjectively as a 
state of mind : miseria (wretchedness) : 
segritudo, ffigrimonia (opposed to alacri- 
tas ; sickness of soul from a sense of pres- 
ent evil ; the latter implying that it is an 
abiding sense) : dolor (opposed to gaudi- 
um, a present sense of hardship, pain, or 
grief) : tristitia, moestitia, m. (the nat- 
ural, involuntary manifestation of grief) : 
angor (passionate, tormeruing apprehen- 
sion of a coming evil; soUicitudo being 
the anxious, unsettling apprehension of 
it) : moeror (is stronger than dolor, beitig 
the feeling and its manifestation) : afflic- 
tetio (=" BBgritudo cum vexatione corpo- 
ris," Cic.) : luctus (is mourning ; i. e., by 
conventional signs). \\ Objectively ; 
an affliction, malum; plur. mala: 
erumna (an old and half -poetical word ; 
but used by Cic, a hardship thai almost 
exceeds human strength) : casus adversus, 
or, from context, casus only ; res adversae, 
fortunsB afflictae : fortuna adversa : ca- 
lamitas, miseria, acerbitates (Syn. in Ad- 
VKBSiTY). Time of affliction, res mise- 
rsB, afflictse, angustiee temporum, tempo- 
ra luctuosa. Obs., infortunium is used 
by the comic writers only of a corporeal 
punishment. To be in affliction, in mise- 



AF F O 

ria esse or versari, misgrum esse : in sum- 
ma infelicitate versari : in malis esse, ja- 
cere ; malis urgeri ; in malia versari ; 
pessimo loco esse ; iniquissimd fortunil 
uti : angi ; angore confici ; angoribus pre- 
mi, agitari, nrgeri ; angi intimis sensibus : 
angore cruciari : about any thing, dolere 
or moerere rem or re ; dolorem ex re ca- 
pere, accipere, suscipere, haurire ; mo- 
lestiani trahere ex re (to feel oppressed 
and dispirited by it) : in great affliction 
about any thing, magnum dolorem ex re 
accipere ; ex re magnam animo molesti- 
am capere : to come into affliction, in mis- 
eriam incidere ; in mala praecipitare : to 
relieve any body from affliction, miseriis 
aliquem levare : to deliver him, a miserid 
vindicare ; ex miseriis eripere : to endure 
affliction, miserias ferre, serumnas per- 
peti (L e., patiently to the end). 

AFFLICTIVE, tristis : miser : acerbns : 
luctuosus : gravis. 

AFFLUENCE, > divitiae (riches, general 

AFFLUENCY, y term), copia rei famil- 
iaris : opulentia (stronger : the possession 
of money, elates, &c., as a means of ag- 
grandizing on^s self) : vita bonis abund- 
ans. To live in affluence, divitem esse ; 
satis divitem, &c. Vid. Affluent. 

AFFLUENT, fortunatus (Cic.) : abund- 
ans : dives : locuples : satis dives : satis 
lociiples (dives, ricA^rAoiioioj, opposed 
to pauper : lociiples, wealthy ^aipvaoi, 
opposed to egens, egenus) : bene numa- 
tus, pecuniosus (having much money) : 
opulentus, copiosus (opulent ; opposed to 
inops : rich in means and resources to ob- 
tain influence, power, &c.) : copiis rei fe- 
mUiaris locuples et pecuniosus. Very af- 
fluent, beatus : perdives, praedives : locu- 
pletissimus, opulentissimus. To become 
an affluent man from a poor one, ex pau- 
pere divitem fieri : to become affluent, for- 
tunis augeri ; fortunam amplilicare : ad 
opes procedere ; locupletarL 

AFFLUX, \ affluentia (act of flow- 

AFFLUXION, 5 ingto). There was a 
great afflux of men there, magna erat hom- 
inum eo loco frequentia, celebritas : of 
men to Athens, multi Athenas confluxe- 
rant \\An afflux: quod ad aliquem 
or aliquid afflnit : allapsus (occurs taice : 
serpentium, Hor. ; fontis, Appul.). Some- 
times accessio (if it means something ad- 
ditional) : of men, concursus. 

AFFORD. II Yield, of the earth, trees, 
&c. : ferre, efferre, proferre : ftmdere : 
effundere (of nature, the earth, a field : 
fundere and eflFundere=yteM abundant- 
ly). Afford fruit or produce, ferre fruges, 
or ferre only ; Iructum afferre ; efferre 
(especially of afield). The tree affords its 
fruit, arbor fert \\Produce, cause. 
Sec, afferre (to bring) : facere, efficere 
(to cause) : esse (wUh dat.) : praestare. 
To afford profit or pleasure, utiUtatem or 
voluptatem afferre ; usui or voluptati es- 
se : to afford any body continual pleasure, 
voluptatem perpetuam praestare alicui : 
comfort, consolation, solatium dare, prae- 
bere, afferre, solatio or solatium esse. 
To afford no consolation (of things), nihil 
habere consolationis : a hope, aliquem 
in spem vocare or adducere (adducere, 
also, of things) : of any thing, alicujus 
rei spem aHcui afferre, ostendere or os- 
tentare ; spem alicujus rei alicui efferre 
(of things) ; spem alicui rei praebere : 
an expectation, exspectationem movere, 
commovere, facere, concitare : assist- 
ance, auxilium or opem ferre alicni 
(against any thing, contra aliqiiid) : ali- 
quem operjl adjuvare in aliqua re, alicui 
opitulari in aliqua re facienda, alicui ope- 
ram suam commodare ad aliquid, alicui 
operam praebere in aliqua re (to serve or 
assist in the execution of any thing: the 
last especially of assistance with one's own 
hands). \\To be able to buy with pru- 
dence, *tanti, tam care, tanta pecunia 
emere posse : tantam impensam facere 
posse (of a large outlay) : suum facere 
posse (to be able to make any thing on^s 
own). I can not afford any thing, * multo 
pluris est aliquid, quam ut ego emere, or 
meum facere, possim. || To be able to 
sell without loss or with sufficient 
profit. I can not afford it for less, Don 
possum minoris vendere. 



AF o a 

AFFRANCHISE. Vid. Fbee, v. 

AFFRAY, e. Vid. Fwghten. 

AFFRAY, s., pugna (the general term 
for a fight, whether of two persons or 
more) : pugna in arto (vid. H^alch Tac, 
Agr., 36, p. 365) : tumultus (a tumultuous 
concourse, uproar. Sec). 

AFFRICTION, affrictua (Plin.). [Af- 
firicatio (CaU. AureL).\ 

AFFRIGHT, v. Vid. Frighten. 

AFFRIGHT,*. Iv^ v . 

AFFRIGHTMENT. y^^ **^^*- 

AFFRONT. \\Meet or go to meet, 
occurrere (obviam) : offendere aliquem ; 
incidere alicui or in aliquem (by acci- 
dent) : obviam ire alicui (to go to meet). 
Vid. Meet. || Meet in a hostile man- 
ner, &C., occurrere, obviam ire (general 
term) : se oflerre alicui rei (e. g., pericu- 
lis) : resistere ; confidenter resistere. 
II Offer an insult to, contumeUam ali- 
cui imponere : aliquem contumeUa inse- 
qui : contumeliis insectari : maledictia 
vexare (to insult with insolent words): 
sugillare (affront scornfully, contemptu- 
ously) : offendere aliquem (to affront, dis- 
please; whether intentionally or not): ali- 
quem ignominia afficere, ignominiam 
alicui imponere, injungere (^ gross in- 
sults, causing public disgrace). To be 
affronted, ignominid or contumelia affici : 
offendi (to fed affronted). To affront with 
words, verbis or voce rulnerare, violare. 
contumeUam alicui dicere. To feel af- 
fronted, injuriam sibi lactam putare: at 
any thing, aliquid in or ad contumeliam 
accipere : * aUqud re se laesum or viola- 
turn putare. 

AFFRONT, contumelia (a wrong done 
to ones honor) : offensio (a state of morti- 
fied feeling ; but also the act that causes 
it) : injuria (an affront felt to be a tcrong) : 
opprobrium (affront conveyed by reproach- 
ful tvords). To look upon any thing as 
an affront, aliquid in or ad contumeliam 
accipere : ignominiae loco ferre aliquid : 
ignominisB or probro habere aUquid. To 
put an affront on any body, contumeliam 
alicui imponere. Vid. Affront, v. A t- 
tack, Vid. 

AFFRONTER, qui aUcui ignominiam 
or injuriam injungit. 

AFFRONTING, > contumeliosus : inju 

AFFRONTIVE, J riosus (injurious to 
on^s honor) : ignominiosus (causing a 
lost of reputation, outward respect, rank, 
&c.) : probrosus (attacking one's moral 
character). Affronting words, verborum 
contumelise': voces mordaces or aculea- 
t»; Terborum aculei (stinging words). 
To be of an affronting nature, habere ali- 
qmd offensionis (of a thing). 

AFFUSE, affiindere alicui (poetical and 
post-Augustan prose, Tac, Plin.) : admis- 
cere (aliquid EiliquS re or alicui rei ; ali- 
quid in ahqucm rem Plin.), cum aliqua re, 
CoL, to mix it with) : superfundere liquid 
alicui rei (to pour it upon ; chiefly poetical 
and post-Augustan prose). 

AFFUSION. Crcl. by partcp. To mdt 
any thing by a» affusion of wine, Uque- 
facere afiquid affuso vino (Plin). Some- 
times enSusio (a suffusion ; a pouring in 
from below : post-Augustan). 

AFFY. \\ Betroth, spondere, despon- 
dere (desponsare, post-Augustan, Suet.) 
alicui aliqnam. Vid. Betkoth. 

AFIELD, *in or ad agrum or agroa. 
To go afield, * in agros domo exire. 

AFL0.4.T. To make a ship afloat, na- 
vem deducere. To get a ship afloat (that 
has struck a rock), navem scopulo detru- 
dere (Virg.). 

AFOOT, pedibus. To go, come, trovH, 
See., afoot, pedibus ire, venire, iter facere. 
Vid. on foot, under Foot. 

AFORE. Vid. Before. 

AFOREGOING, antecedens, praece- 
dons : prior, superior (praeteritus not to 
be used in the sense of just past, of time). 

AFOREHAND. Vid. Beforehand. 

AFORE-MENTIONED, ) de aliquo sn- 

AFORE-NAMED, \ pra comme» 

AFORESAID, ) morarimua. 

quern supra commemoravimus, diximus ; 
quod supra scripsi ; de quo a nobis antes 
dictum est. Also by Ule only. fSupra 
dictus, commemoratus ; praedictus, pra» 
nominatus, cncxassical.] Jn the afort 
15 



AFTE 

foentioned, &c., manner, ut supra dictum 
est ; ut supra scripsi. 

AFRAID, anxius, trepidus {Jail of anx- 
iety, confusion) : sollicitus {anxious from 
fear of a future evil) : formidinis plcnus : 
territus {frightened) : exterritus, perter- 
litua {dreadfully frightened). Afraid of 
any thing, timens, extimescens, reformi- 
dans, &c., aliquid {if a participle will suit 
the meaning) : aliqua re or metu alicujus 
rei perterritua : sollicitus de re aliqua. 
Not afraid of death, non timidus ad mor- 
tem : non timidus mori {poetical). || To 
be afraid, anxium, trepidum, &c., esse: 
of any thing, timere (aliquem or aliquid), 
metuere (aliquem or aliquid), extimes- 
cere, pertimescere, vereri (aliquem or 
aliquid), pavere (aliquid or ad aliquid), 
horrere, formidare, reformidare (Syn. in 
Fear) : in metu ponere or habere aliquid. 
Jn. metuere ac timere ; metuere at<jue 
horrere. Not to be afraid, sine metu (ti- 
more) esse ; metu vacare ; bonum habe- 
re animum : bono esse animo {to be of 
food courage) : securum esse {to apprt- 
end no danger). Do not be afraid, bono 
sis animo ; bonum habe animum ; noH ti- 
mere or laborare ; omitte timorem. Not 
to be afraid of any body or any 
thing, contemnere aliquem or aliquid 
{to despise). To be afraid for or about 
any body or any thing, metuo, timeo ali- 
cui (rei), or de aliquo, aliqua re ; exti- 
mesco, pertiraesco de re, vereor alicui 
rei. To begin to be afraid, ad timorem 
se convertere. To be a little afraid, sub- 
timere {of any thing, aliquid ; that, &c., 
ne) ; subvereri (ne, &c.). To make any 
body afraid of one, sui timorem alicui in- 
jicere. Obs. That " not," " lest," are 
translated by ne after verbs of fearing ; 
" tliat — not," "lest — not," by ut or ne non 
{stronger) ; and that the English future 
becomes in Latin thepres. subj. Vid. Fear. 

AFRESH, denuo {vcoQev, ik Katvtis, when 
lohat had ceased begins again) : de or ab 
integro {i\ inapxni, ^hen what had dis- 
appeared, been lost, &c., is reproduced by 
the same causes : Silver Age, ex integro) : 
iterum {a second time) : rursus {again). 
It is often translated by re (red) prefixed to 
a verb ; c. g , a sedition breaks out afresh, 
recrudescit. To begin afresh, repetere 
{the proper word) : itcrare {for the second 
time) : redintegrarc {quite from the begin- 
ning) : retractare {to go over a lesson, Sec, 
again ; think over again) : iterum legere 
{to read any thing again, for the second 
time). Obs. not iterata or repetitd vice. 

AFT, s., puppis. To sit aft, sedere in 
puppi {Cic, bia figuratively of an influen- 
tial statesman). 

AFTKR, II of succession in time, 
post : secundum {immediately after) : stilt 
stronger sub with f-tatim, of things con- 
nected in order of time : a, ab {from : after, 
of what has been done or not doJte, from a 
point of commencement to be strongly 
marked): e, ex {nearly =: a, ab, but inti- 
mating a closer dependence of one thing on 
another ; a passing into one state from an- 
other, &c.). After this, I ask, &c., secun- 
dum ea, qucero, &c. After three days, 
post ejus diei diem tertium : after three 
years, post tres annos : after some years, 
aliquot post annos : after many years, post 
multos annos (multis post annis = mnrey 
years after). After any body's consulship 
or proconsulship, post aliquem consulem, 
proconsulem. After {immediately after) 
the consul's donation, secundum donatio- 
nem consulis. Immediately after those 
{letters), yours were read, sub eas statim 
recitatm sunt tuse {so statim sub mentio- 
nem alicujus). The Germans bathe as soon 
as they get up, Germani statim e somno 
lavantur : after the day, when, &c., ex eo 
die, quo, &c. : one evil after another, aliud 
ex alio malum (Ter.) : to go into Gaul 
after his consulship, ex consulatu in Gal- 
liam proficisci : day after day, diem ex 
die : diem do die {not de die in diem) : to 
fnok (i. e., in expectation) day after day, 
diem de die prospectare (ecquod auxili- 
um — appareret {Liv.). Immediately after 
the battle, confestim a prcplio (redire) : 
Homer lived not very long after them, IIo- 
merus recsns ab illorum a^tate fuit: the 
hundredth day after the death of Clodius, 
16 



AFTE 

centesima lux ab interitu Clodii: {imme- 
diately) after that meeting ambassadors 
were sent, ab ilia concione legati missi 
sunt : as soon as I came to Rome after 
your departure, ut primum a tuo digressu 
Romam veni. One after another, ordine, 
deinceps {in a row) : continenter : con- 
tinue {pne- and post- classical, unless in 
two passages of Quint., where the best MSS. 
have continue, Freund : continuo = sta- 
tim, nulld mord interposita) : alter post 
alteram : alius super alium. So many 
days one after another, tot dies continui. 
Sometimes, especially in Ctesar, the ablative 
only is used ; e. g., alicujus adventu, dis- 
cessu, fuga ; soils occasu {after any body's 
arrival, departure, flight : after sunset). 
After post the action is often expressed by 
a participle ; e. g., after the taking of Veii, 
post Veios captos : so post urbem condi- 
tam ; post banc urbem constitutam {after 
the building of the city). Sometimes abla- 
tives absolute are used {when the action or 
state described by the ablative absolute is 
the cause or condition of what follows) : 
anno interjecto {after a year) : Hannibal 
in Italiam pervenit Alpibus superatis {aft- 
er crossing the Alps). || Succession 
in order, rank, &c., secundum (post 
is only "after" of succession in time: in 
."pace it is " behind," opposed to ante). 
Generally by secundus, proximus ab ali- 
quo, or proximus alicui {next after inplace, 
literally or figuratively). After you, I like 
nothing so well as solitude, secundum te ni- 
hil est mihi amicius solitudine : proximo : 
next after tliesc, those are dear to us, &c., 
proxime hos, cari, &c. {Cic). [Tac, jux- 
ta ; e. g., juxta deos.] || Of a rule fol- 
lowed, proportion to, conformity 
with, &c., secundum : e, ex, sometimes 
de {when the thing is also a cause) : pro 
{in proportion to) : ad {of a rule, copy, 
&.C., that is followed. Obs. Juxta, in the 
sense of secundum, belongs to sinking 
Latinity) : to live after nature, secundum 
naturam vivere {or natura3 convenien- 
ter) : to take any thing after its intrinsic 
value {Bacon), ex veritate aliquid sesti- 
mare : after the example of, ad exemplum ; 
after the model, pattern, &c., ad exem- 
plum, ad effigiem: after the manner, de 
more : after my own manner, meo modo 
(PL, Ter.) : after my own original way of 
speaking, meo pristine more dicendi. 
II After a sort, quodam modo. 

AFTER, conjunct., postquam : postea- 
quam : ut, ubi {a^), quum {whe?i). Obs. : 

(a) ut, ubi, intimate the immediate succes- 
.sioi of the second event, whereas postquam 
onty states it to be after the fr.st. Hence 
they prefer the perfect to the pluperfect, and 
often take statim, repente, primum, &c. : 

(b) postquam in direct narrative mostly 
takes the perfect or present ; seldom the jilu- 
pcrfect, except in the form "so many day.", 
years, &c., after another event happened :" 

(c) For ubi, ut, quum, vid. When : (d) 
quum can only be used when things are 
stated as facts in a narrative ; not of local 
relations, e. g., of passages in a book ; 
where postquam or ubi must be used. 
Passages like Cic, Tusc, i., 48, 103 ; Acad., 
ii., 32, 104, &c., only appear to be at vari- 
ance with this rule. Three years after he 
had returned, post tres annos or tertium 
annum quam redicrat: tertio anno quam 
redierat: tribus annis or tertio anno post- 
quam redierat : tertio anno quo redierat. 
The day after I left you, postridie quam 
a vobis discessi. The year after, postero 
anno quam, &c. Very often participles 
are used instead of these particles (ablative 
absolute if the " subject" of both clattscs is 
not the same) ; e. g., most .<ij>eechcs are writ- 
ten after they have been delivered, plera;que 
scribuntur orationes habitas jam : after 
the murder of Dion, Dionysius again be- 
came master of Syracuse, Dione interfecto 
Dionysius rursum Syracusarum potitus 
est \\ After is often untranslated, the 
notion of it being already contained in the 
verb ; e. g., to follow after, sequi, sectari : 
to thirst after, sitire aliquid : to ask or in- 
quire after, quajrero rem or de re, inqui- 
rere in aliquid : to long after, cupere ali- 
quid, &c. : to make any thing after the pat- 
tern of something else, imitari aliquid; ali- 
quid imitando exprimcre, effingere, &.c. : 



J».» AI 

to run after any body, aliqu«m sectan . 
to send after any body, aliquem arcessgte; 
&c. II i:^ afterward, Vid 

AFTER , in composition, may some 
times be translated by posterior {opposed 
to superior) ; secundu* ; serus {too late). 

AFTER-AGES, posteritas : poster!. 

AFTER ALL, may sometimes be trana. 
lated by ipse, sometimes by ne multa ; ne 
longum faciam : " a principle for which, 
after all, they have no ground, but," * sen 
tentia, cui et ipsi nihil subest, nisi, &c., 
or • cujus ipsius, ne longum faciam, ratio 
nem atierunt nuUam, nisi, &c. : sometimes 
by ad summam {in short, at last, after 
other things are mentioned) : often, in 
questions, by tandem : " but, after all, what 
is your own opinion ?" * at quid tandem 
ipse sentis ? sometimes by quid enim ? {im^  
plying that the person addressed can not 
deny the assertion). 

AFTER-BIRTH, secundfe (partfls). 

AFTER-COST, reUqua {plural, the un- 
paid portion of the expense, the proper 
word). II Fig., * incommoda quas/aliquid 
sequuntur. You will have to pay the after- 
cost, * postmodo seniles. 

AFTER-GAME. || To play an aft- 
er-game {^^ repair an evil), ahcujus rei 
or alicui rei medicinam adhibere : * alicui 
incommodo seram medicinam reperire : 
damnum sarcire, restituere : detrimen- 
tum sarcire, reconcinnare. 

AFTER -GATHERING, spicilegium 
(a gleaning) : racematio {in a vintage). 
To make an after-gathering, spicilegiuin 
facere; racemari: improper, * ovaissa col 
ligere. 

A FTER-MATH, foenum auctumnale or 
chordum : to cut it, secare. 

AFTERNOON, s., dies pomeridianua 
{Sen., Ep; 65, 1) : tempus pomeridianum ; 
horse pomeridaanaj. In the afternoon, 
post meridiem ; tempore pomeridiano ; 
horis pomeridianis. 

AFTERNOON, adj., postmeridianus : 
pomeridianus {both forms used; Cic. pre- 
fers the latter, Orat., 47, 157 ; but see Orell. 
on Tusc, iii., 3, 7). To make an afternoon 
call on any body, aliquem post meridiem 
convenire {on business), inyisere {to set 
how he is) : * aliquem officio pomeridianc 
prosequi {of a call of ceremony from an 
inferior for the purpose of showing respect : 
oiiicio pomeridiano was the afternoon at- 
tendance of a client on his patron). Tht 
afternoon service, * sacra pomeridiana : 
afternoon preacher, sacerdos qui sacris 
pomeridianis interesse debet: JJ^^ton- 
cionator pomeridianus would be an after- 
noon haranguer. The afternoon sermon, 
* oratio in sacris pomeridianis habenda 
{if not yet delivered), habita {if delivered). 

AFTER -PAYMENT, *pen8io postea 
facta: numi additi {additional sum paid) 

AFTER -PIECE, * fabella argumenti 
brevioris, qua) post comcediam agitiir. 
The after-piece will be — , *hanc fabulam 
sequetur — . 

AGAIN, rursus or rursum (again) : ite- 
rum (a second time) : denuo (= de novo, 
anew; relates to time, denoting repetition 
after an interval) : ex integro (in Silver 
Age also integro ; quite afresh ; relates to 
the thing itself, which is to be brought back 
to a former state) : vicissim {in tnrn ; in 
the same manner that another has done it 
in before). With verbs it is often translat 
ed by the re (red) of a compound verb . 
to rise again, resurgere. || Hereafter, 
post, posthac, postea : that this may never 
happen again, id ne uuquam posthac ac- 
cidere possit : whom I was not likely ever 
to see again, quem non cram postea visu- 
rus. \\ In turn, contra, vicissim. \\As 
used in a discourse to introduce 
an additional reason : prajterea : 
ad hoc, ad ha-c (besides this, never in 
good prose, super ha;c, super ista, adhuc) : 
jam, autcin {when the discourse is carried 
on in parts) : accedit, accedit quod : hue 
accedit quod : addendum, eodem est, 
quod : adjice quod. (Obs., not porro.) 
\\ Again and again, etiam atque eti- 
am : iterum et ssapius : semel et siepius : 
semel atque iterum ; semel iterurave 
(the last two less strong = several times, 
more than once). \\ As big again, al- 
t ro tauto major (so longior, &c.), duple 



A G AI 
major. As much again, altenun tanttun . 
dnplum. 

AGAINST, direction toward, tid- 
rersus : in teith ablative {after erprtasions 
of hate, dispUasitre, anger, against any 
hody). The hatred of the people against 
this man vas so great, in hoc tantom fuit 
odinm mnltitadmis. So ssvitiam exer- 
cere in aGqao; Tim adhibere in aUqao 
(JO use violence aghinst him). || Direc- 
tion with the notion of opposi- 
tion to: (a) Of departure from, 
excess above a limit: prster, e. g., 
mgainst etpectation (not contra, but) prae- 
ler opinionem. So praeter spem : secus 
ac speraveram (against, L e., worse than 
mf hope and expetjation) : prster jos fas- 
qne ; praeter aiicujos Totantatem (but also 
contra legem, contra alicnjos Tolontatem, 
of direct~intentional opposition to than). 
To aa against a law, legem Tiolane or 
migrare : against ontfs wUl, invitus (adj.)  
against the will of Oaius, Caio inrito. 
(b) Of hostile opposition: contra, 
adver^ns, in with accusative : against the 
stream, adrerso flomine; contra aquam 
[vid. Stkeax] : against the wind, rento 
adrerso (navigare) : the wind is against 
any body (naviganti) alicoi rentus adrer- 
Bum tenet A remedy again^ any thing, 
remedium adversns aliquid* (that icorks 
against it ; e. g., adversns Tenenum) : 
remediam alicnjos rei or ad quod (that is 
good for any disease ; e. s.. morbi timoris, 
ad oeolomm morbos). To write against 
any body, contra aliqiiem scribere: in, 
■drersus aliquem scribere : Ubrunj edere 
contra aliquem (of publishing against 
any body) : to speak (}. e-, as an orator) 
again.n any body, contra aliquem dicere : 
aliquid in aliqaem dicere (to say any thing 
against any body) : to strive against any 
body, adversus aliquem contendere : to 
argue against any thing, contra aliquid 
disserere. To kelp against any thing [vid. 
Help J. Against, afier a substantive, 
must be translated by a participle or rela- 
tive sentence : eg., the speech against Soc- 
rates, oratio contra Socratem habita; ora- 
tio qute habita est contra Socratem : the 
war against the Persians, bellum contra 
Persas gestum : bellum quod contra Per- 
sas gastiun est To sin against any body, 
peccare in aEqnem. To ezcite the people 
against any body, populum inflammare 
in aliquem : to be against any boda, face- 
re contra aliquem (of the opposite partii) : 
dissidere cum aliquo (to be of a dijerent 
opinion) : to fight against any body, pug- 
nare contra aliqaem (exadversus aliquem 
is, opposite him in the enemy's ranks) : to 
fight for life and death against any body^ 
dimicare adversus aliquem. Som«ime» 
" aga insf is translated by cum to mark 
the mutual relation of two parties (e. g-, 
pugnare, queri, querelas cum aliquo). 
The^oorcan make good no rights against 
the rich, nihil cum potentiore juris buma- 
ni relinquitur inopi. After verbs of de- 
fence, &c. (tegere. munire, tntum esse, 
&C.), against is generally translated by 
a, ab (<u in English by "from," i c, with 
respect to danger proceeding from such a 
quarter) ; e. g., vasa a frigorihus munire ; 
forum delendere a Clodio ; but they also 
use adversus or contra, ift/te " against" is 
to be strongly marked ; e. g^ munire ad- 
Tersus or contra aliquid (5»Z., Jutr., 89. 4 ; 
Ctc ad Div., 4, 14, .3) : se defendere con- 
tra aliquid : aliquem defendere contra in- 
imicoe. To match a combatant against 
another, comparare aliquem ahcui (Suet., 
OaHg., 35) : committere aliquem cum ali- 
quo (Ter.). II Opposite to, Vid. || Of 
an object against which any thing 
is done: after a verb of motion : 
ad, in. To run against any body, incur- 
rere in aEqnem :"» strike, da<k, knock 
onifs self against any thing, aliqnid ad 
aliquid offenders (e. g., caput ad fomi- 
cem. Quint.) : offendere aliqnid (e. e, 
scutum, Lir.) : offendere in aliqnid 
(e. g., in stipitem, Colum.) : the waves beat 
against the shore, fluctaa illidnntur in lit- 
cre or in litus (Quint., i^ubtful reading), 
n Against:=close by or to: juxta. 
Vid. Br. To put a ladder wp against a 
wall, scalar ad mumm appUcare: lean 
•gainst. Vid. Lea.v. H Of time, Itg 



AGE 

tfftiei any thing is to be done, in (with ac- 
eustuire), ad. sub (a little before) : focum 
Hgnis exstraere sub adTentnin lassi riri 
(tior.). !1 For and against, ia ntram- 
que partem: with respect to my journey, 
many reason* occur to me for ami against 
it, permnlta mihi de itinere nostro in 
ntramque partem occurrunt (Cic). Like 
other prepositions, tc may ojien be untrans- 
lated, the notion of it being already con- 
tained in the verb, e. g., by a compound 
with ob. To rail against any body, alicai 
conviciari (with dative in Quint, only) : 
aUqnem increpitare : to lean agcintt atty 
thing, acclinari alicui rei : to run againsi 
any body or any thing, offendere aliq[nem 
or aliqnid : to struggle against the stream, 
obluctari flnmini (Curt.) : to fight agahut 
any body, oppugnare aliqaem : to he 
against any body, adrersari alicui. 

AGAMIST, qui ab nxore ducendd ab- 
horret : cujus animus abhorret a nuptiis. 

AGAPE, hians (partidple ; e. g., ia, to 
stand agape) : to set any body agape, ali- 
quem in stnporem dare, obstupefacere, 
stapidum tenere. 

AGATE, achates, m. 

AG.\RIC, agaricon (Plin„ 25, 9, 57). 

AGE, (1) the natural duration of 
any thing, especially of a nan: 
aetas (poetic, aeTum): (2) time of life, 
or a certain portion of it, aetas: the 
fiower ofon^s age, aetas florens ; floe asta- 
tis ; aetas viridis or Integra : military age, 
cetas militaris : of or about the military 
age, militia; matiiras : the maturity, weak- 
ness of age, etatis maturitas, imbecilUtas : 
the strength of full age, aetatis robur, ner- 
ri: to be of the same age as any body, 
eqaalem esse alicai : nearly of the same 
age, aetate proximnm esse alicui : to be in 
the fiower of his age, integra setate esse ; 
in ipso aetatis flore or robore esse : to be 
of a great age, longios aetate provectum 
esse : of a great age, grandis natu, setate 
decrepita (the latter. If accompanied with 
weakness) : to be of such an age, id statis 
esse. II To be of or under age. Of 
age, goi juris : suae potestatis (no longer 
under the father's power) : suae tutelae (not 
requiring a guardian) : sui potens (gen- 
eral term for one who can act as he pleases, 
but sui judicii is a different thins ; one who 
acts boldly up to his own principUs) : to be 
of age, sxii juris esse : to be nearly of age, 
prope puberem aetatem esse : to be com- 
ing of age, sui juris fieri; in suam tute- 
1am venire, pervenire: to declare a ton 
"bf a^e, emanciparefilium. Pndcr age. in- 
kns (of a very young child), nondum 
adnltd aetate (general term), peradoles- 
centiilus, peradolescens (still very youM?) : 
tons under age, fiKi praetejctati. RtiA 
reference to ascending the throne, non- 
dum maturus Imperio: to appoint any 
body regent tUl his oten chSdren should 
come of age, regnum alicui commendare, 
quoad liberi in saam tutelam perveni- 
rent (Xep., Eum., 2, 2). Vid. Minor. 
11 OM age, senectus, senilis setas (age, 
whether with reference to the weakness 
or to the erpertence of age: poetic, se- 
necta) ; aetas extrema or esacta ; summa 
senectus (extreme old age): senium (the 
time^ of feebleness) : aetas decrepita (de- 
crepitude) : Tetostas (great age and con- 
sequent goodness of a thing long kept ; 
e. g., of wine, fruits, &c.). A green old 
age, cruda ac viridis senectus ( i'irg.) : to 
live to or attain old age, senectutera adi- 
pisci, ad senectutem venire : to die at an 
advanced age, senectute diem obire sit- 
premum ; exacta aetate mori : to die of 
old age, aliquem senectiy= di^so'.vit : to be 
worn out with old age, aetate err senio con- 
fectum esse : to make provision against 
old age, senectuti subsidium parare. Age 
does not change the man, ' lupus pihun 
mutat, non mentem. Age gives experi- 
ence, sens venit nans ab annis (Or.). 
Wisdom and experience belong to old age, 
mens et ratio et consilium in senibas est 
;| To be so many years of age, na- 
tum esse with accusative of the years ; or 
esse with the genitive of the years: to be 
above so many years of age, rixisse, 
confecisee, complevisse, so many years. 
Thus: he is nineteen years of age. decern 
et novem annos natos est ; decern H no- 



AGEN 

rem annomm est: he is above ninety 
years of age, nonaginta annos visit, con- 
fecit complevit: aJso nooageeimum an- 
num excessisse, egressnoi esse : above or 
under thirty-three years of age, major, or 
minor, annos tres et triginta natus.- or 
major (minor) annorum trium et trigin- 
ta : also major (minor) quam atmoa tres 
et triginta natus : major (minor) quam 
annorum trium et tri^ta. He died at 
the age of thirty-three, decessit annos tres 
et triginta natus : in the thirtieth year of 
his age, tricesimum annum agens. Vi An 
age=:certain period of time: aetas 
(general term, also of those who lived at 
the same time) : sa^culnm (large, indefinite 
period ; <m age or generation ; according 
to »ome, 30 ... 33 years ; according to 
Stnueamamd Soman usage, 100 years. In 
the timet of the empire, a reign, eackewt- 
peror bringaig in a new order of things): 
tempos, tempora (the timet or day* of). 
The golden age, aetas aurea : a learned 
age, sscohua eraditum : the age of Ho- 
mer i* nncertain, Homeri incerta sunt 
tempora : Soerate* wa* not understood by 
the M^n of its age, Socratem aetas sua 
parum inteBexit ; Socrites ab hominibus 
sui temporis pannn inteOigebator : there 
are hardly two good ortitar*\n an age, vix 
singulis £tatibas bini oratores laodabiles 
constitere : for that age, nt in ed aetata 
(L e.. ofanyth ing good, &,c., for that age). 
11 The spirit of the age, saeculi, hujos 
ctatis ingenium (so Aug. Wolf for the bad 
form saeculi ger'"" or indoles tempoariB. 
Tac has aulae ingenium): mores se- 
culi or temporum (tcx moral character, caa- 
tomary proceedings, Stc, Flor., Plin.) : 
from context, mores only (*uek is the iptrd 
of the age. ita se mores hi^>ent Sai. Vd.) : 
temporom natura atque ratio (drcum- 
stancet of the times ; after Cic, ad IHv. 6, 
6, 8) : saeculum (comunpere et corrum- 
pi non iUic saeculum vocatur, Tac, the 
spirit of the age ; the fashiem of the times) : 
tempora (the times) : the licenthus spirit 
of Vie age, licentia temporum : the irre- 
Itgiim* spirit of the age, quae nunc tenet 
•teeuhiin negHgentia dei (dedm, Xrr.). 
iThe wants of our or the present 
age, * quod haec tempora requinmt ; 
•qfuod nostris temporibus desideratur. 
^The history of our age, 'nostras 
aetatis historia ; aequalis nostrae aetatis 
raeuMKia (Cic, De Leg., i. 3, &). 

AGED, aetate provectior or grandior, 
tetate jam senior (in advanced age) : sta- 
te affectoa (feeling the effects of old age, 
aged: all qf men): vetusorvetalus (/>rrt- 
^ old, of men and things) : grandis. graa- 
«Qor (with or withoM natu) : state gravis, 
pergrandis natu, exactae jam aetatis (very 
ag_^ : senex (an old man : never femi- 
nine) : decrepitus, aetate or senio confec- 
tus (old and weak). An aged man, senex, 
homo aetate grandior. Md. Oldl 

AGENCY, II operation : effectus (f>oth 
ike power of working possessed by any 
thing and the effea) : vis (power). Jn. ria 
^ efiectns : efficientia (working). Some- 
times impalsus (impulsion), appnlsus ((ap- 
proximation of an egectual means or cause; 
e^edaliy of the tun: then, generally, the 
working of one thing on another). ]\ Of- 
fice of agent, procaratio (genend 
term) : cognitura (ofice of a procurator or 
agent, especially infi-ical mtitters). 

AGENT, actor (alicajus rei: doer of 
any thing, often anctor et actor (Cos.), 
illo anctore atque agente, B. C, 1, 26) : 
coofector (on* who completes a icori). 
H To be a free agent, sui juris, or sum 
potestatis, or in sua potestate esse : inte- 
grae ac solids potestatis esse (to be one's 
own master) : nulla necessitate astrictum 
esse (bound by no necessity). 2fot to be a 
free agent, ex alterius arbitrio pendere 
(but not aliunde or extrinsecus pendere, 
sometimes given, without reference to the 
context, from Cic, ad Drr.. 5. 13, 2). || JVa t- 
nral agents, inanima (plural opposed to 
animaHa) : res natnrales : ratione caren- 
tia : rationls expertia. [\ To be an^ 
body's agent (=:manager of his af- 
fairs), alicui rationibns esse (from an m- 
scription) : alioujus res ac rationes curare 

AGENCY, procuratio (general term"* • 
cognitura (inJUcal matter*). 

17 



AGHA 

AGGELATION, congelatio (^post-Au- 
gustan). 

AGGLOMERATE, agglomerare {poet- 
ical) : glonierare, conglomerare : compli- 
care (fold together) : conglobare {roll 
up in a ball) : intrans., conglomerari 
'Jjucr.) : conglobari : concrescere {grow 
tas ether). 

AGGLUTINANTS, quae aliquid sanant, 
at coeat. 

AGGLUTINATE, agglutinare (aUquid 
Blicui rei, Cic). 

AGGLUTINATION, conglutinatio {glu- 
ing together : agglutinatio not found). 

AGGRANDIZE, ampliflcare {to make 
of larger extent ; e. g., urbem, rem famil- 
iarera ; then, fig., to make more important, 
either by actions or words, opposed to minu- 
ere, infirmare : alicujus gratiam dignita- 
temque, to aggrandize a person: alicu- 
jus gloriam : alicujus auctoritatein apud 
nliquem) : dilatare {to extend the superfi- 
cies of any thing ; e. g., castra: alicujus 
imperium : then, fig., to increase any 
thing by spreading it ; e. g., alicujus glo- 
riam) : propagare, or proferre aliquid, or 
fines alicujus rei {to increase by extending 
its boundaries ; e. g., imperium, fines im- 
perii) : augere {to increase by addition) : 
multiplicare {to multiply) : majus reddere 
(to make larger) : efterre {raise). 

AGGRANDIZEMENT, |1 of a person 
with respect to his rank: dignitatis acces- 
eio. \\ Enlargement, amplificatio {en- 
largement of the contents of any thing, as 
an action ; e. g., gloria3, rei familiaris) : 
auctus {increase) : incrementum {increase, 
as thing added ; e. g., rei familiaris, dig- 
nitatis) : propagatio, prolatio finium {the 
enlargement of a territory or kingdom). 
Also by CBCL. icilh the verbs under Ag- 
grandize. 

AGGRANDIZER, amplificator: of any 
body, alicujus dignitatis. 

AGGRAVATE, aggravare {post-Au- 
gustan, but often in Liv. : ager, pondus, 
Qolorera, &c.): gravius, majus reddere: 
augere {general term, iiicrease ; e. g., mo- 
lestiam, dolorem) : amplificare (dolorem, 
Cic). 11 7'o aggravate {rhetorically), 
augere; e. g., alicujus facti atrocitatem ; 
culpam {Cic). 

AGGRAVATION, ckcl. by verbs under 
Aggravate. 

AGGREGATE, s., summa. 

AGGREGATE, v., aggregare {Cic : less 
common than adjungere, arid only in prose; 
aliquem or aliquid, ad aliquem or aliquid : 
aliquem alicui) : congregare (homines in 
locum, Cic). 

AG(iREGATION, crcl. by verb: con- 
gregatio {gathering or heaping together). 

AGGRESS, aggredi aliquem or aliquid 
(e. g. "inermes, bene comitatum — januam, 
regionem) : petere aliquem : invadere in 
aliquem : bcllum ultro inl'erre. 

AGGRE.^SION, || aggressive war, 
*bellum quod ultro infertur : * bellum ul- 
tro inferendum, or {if already begun) illa- 
tum. Sometimes impetus ; incursio ; in- 
cursuR {attack, general term : the last two 
of violent attacks). I| Unprovoked in- 
jury, generallfmiun-A only. 

AGGRESSOR, \\in war, qui bellum 
puscCpit: to be the aggressor, bellum ul- 
tro inferre. \\ Generally, qui injuriam 
alicui fecit intiilit, imposuit: qui injuria 
aliquem laccssivit. 

AGGlilEVANCE. Vid Grievance. 

AGCiRlEVE, Wcause grief to: fo- 
dicare ; fodicare animum {to vex ; of 
thingfi) : alicui segre faccre : alicui inju- 
riam facero {of persons) : aliquem or ali- 
cujus animum offendere {of persons or 
things) : liiiqxu'm mordere or pungcTe 
{of things) : quam acerbissimum dolo- 
rem alicui inurere {of persons). \\ To 
tnronv, Imdere {general term to hurt): 
injuria atiicere aliquem, injuriam alicui 
facerc, inferre, iraponcre : injuriam jace- 
re or immittere in aliquem {lo wrong) : 
to think himself aggrieved, se tesum pu- 
tare : mgre or molesto ferre : pro moles- 
tissimo habere (se, &c.). 

AGHAST, tcrritus, exterritus, perter- 
ritus. perturbatus, (animo) consternatus 
{brjside on^s self with agitation): (animo) 
confusus {confounded) : comniotus, per- 
motus (deeply moved). Sometimes alHic- 
18 



AGIT 

tus, percussus, attonitus, fulminatus, ex- 
animatus. Jn. obstupefactus ac perter- 
ritus : confusus et attonitus. You look 
aghast, vultus tuus nescio quod ingens 
malum prajfert. To make any body stand 
aghast, alicujus mentem animumque per- 
turbare ; in perturbationem conjicere ; 
consternare ; percutere {not percellere). 
To stand aghast, stupere ; alicujus ani- 
mum stupor tenet. 

AGILE, pernix {opposed tolentus: dex- 
trous and active in all bodily movements) : 
agilis, poetical, and in Liv., &c. : supple, 
pliable ; hence, also, dextrous in acting) : 
velox. 

AGILITY, pernicitas {nimbleness, as 
bodily strength and agility) : agilitas {sup- 
pleness ; quickness and dexterity in mov- 
ing and acting). 

AGIO, coUj'bus. To make a deduction 
for the agio, deductionem facere pro col- 
lybo {Cic, Verr., 3, 78, 181.) 

AGITABLE, \\that can be put in 
motion, mobilis: quod moveri potest. 
II That can be disputed, quod in con- 
troversiam vocari. dedfici, adduci potest : 
quod in disceptationem vocari potest. 

AGITATE, PBOPR. II to put in mo- 
tion, movere, commovere : agitare {to 
more to and fro, up and down, &c.) : qua- 
tere, quassare, concutere, conquassare 
{to shake) : incitare {to put in rapid mo- 
tion ; opposed to tardare) : labefacere, la- 
befactare {to make to totter). Impropr. 
\\to disturb, commovere {to move): tur- 
bare, conturbare {to disturb) : percutere, 
percellere {fis'-t '" strike violently, make a 
violejit impression ; the former of a sudden, 
the latter of an abiding impression and its 
consequences) : themind, animum impelle- 
re, gravius aflicere, commovere, permo- 
vere : any body, aliquem percutere ; ali- 
cujus animum graviter commovere : the 
state {seditiously), rempublicam quassare, 
concutere, convellere, labefactare, dilace- 
rare {the last, to tear to pieces) : violtMly, 
rempublicam atrociter agitare {Sal., Jug., 
37, 1) : the empire, regnum concutere, la- 
befactare ; imperium percutere : the peo- 
ple, civium animos sollicitare ; cives, ple- 
bem, ifcc, sollicitare, coucitare : seditio- 
nem, tumultum facere, concitare ; sedi- 
tionem commovere, concire (of exciting 
them to an uproar). \\ A question: age- 
re rem or de re (general term to treat it, 
discuss it) : disputare, disserere de aliquEi 
re {of the disctissions of learned men, the 
latter, especially, of a continued discourse) : 
sermo est de re {of a conversational dis- 
cussion, whether of two persons or more) : 
aUquid in controversiam vocaro, deduce- 
r#, adducere {to call it into dispute). Obs., 
agitare quaestionem is, to think it over, 
weigh it in the mind. To be agitated: 
in controversia esse or versari; in con- 
troversiam deductum es.se; in conten- 
tione esse or versari ; in disceptatione ver- 
sari : to begin to be agitated, in contentio- 
nem venire ; in controversiam vocari, ad- 
duci, deduci. 

AGITATION, \\motion: motus (in 
nearly all the acceptations of the English 
word " motion") : motio (art of setting in 
motion) : agitatio (the moving to and fro, 
&c.): jactatus, jactatio (tossing av d swell- 
ing motion ; e. g., of the sea). To be in 
agitation, moveri, agitari : semper esse 
in motu (to be in constant motion). \\ Vi- 
olent motion of the mind: animi 
motus, commotio, concitatio : violent ag- 
itation, animi pcrturbatio. Vid. Affec- 
tion. To be in a state of violent agitation, 
perturbatum esse. Often by participles : 
in great agitation, valde, vehementer per- 
turbatus : magno iminu mntu perturba- 
tus : magnft animi perturl)ationc commo- 
tus. \\ Controversial discussion: 
qusEstio (general term for an inquiry into) : 
disputatio (discussion of a controverted 
point, mostly between two persons of differ- 
ent opinions) : tractatio (the handling of; 
e. g., quKStionem, Quint.). To be in agi- 
tation (of plans, &c.), agi. It is in agita- 
tion to destroy the bridge, &c., id agi- 
tur, ut pons — dlssolvatur. || Disturbed 
state of populace: motus, motus con- 
cursusque, tumultus, turb«. \\Aet of 
agitating the people: perhaps *8olli- 
citatio plebis. 



AGRE 

I AGITATOR, i. e., one who sedi. 
tiously agitates the people, turbaa 
ac tumultiis concitator : stimulator et 
concitator seditionis : novorum consilio- 
rum auctor : seditionis fax et tuba (of 
those who raise an uproar of the people) ; 
concitator multitudinis : turbator plebia 
or vulgi {one who agitates them, unsettles 
their mind) : concionator (a haranguer; 
opposed to animus vere popularis, Cic., 
Cat., 4, 5, 9). 

AGNAIL, paronychium or paronychia 
{Kapij)vvxtov) : pure Latin, reduvia. To 
remove agnails, reduvias or paronychias 
toUere. Obs., pterygium {izrtpvytuv) is a 
different disease : when the skin grows over 
a nail of the finger or foot. 

AGNATE, agnatus {related by the far 
ther's side). 

AGNATION, agnatic {relationship by 
the father's side). 

AGNITION, agnitio {once in Cic. , 
Plin., Macrob., &c.). 

AGNIZE, agnoscere. 

AGNOMINATION, agnominatio {=Par 
ronomasia, Auct. ad Heren.). 

AGO, abhinc (with ace. or abl.). Sorne- 
times ante with hie. Three years ago, ab- 
hinc annos tres {or tribus annis). Siz 
months ago, ante hos sex menses. Som£- 
times the ablative only will do : paucis his 
diebus (a few days ago) : and ante is found 
for abhinc without hie ; e. g., qui centum 
millibus annorum ante occiderunt. Long 
ago, iiridem (opposed to nuper ; marking 
a distant point of time) : dudum (opposea 
to modo ; marking a space, but only of 
some minutes or hours). All often used 
with jam. He died long ago, jam pridem 
mortuus est. You ought to have been ex- 
ecuted long ago, ad mortem te duel jam 
pridem oportebaL Obs., not diu, which 
goes with the perfect definite : jam diu mor- 
tuus est, "he has been long dead." An 
immense time ago ! (in answer to a ques- 
tion : how long ?) longissime ! {Plant.) 

AGOG, appetens, cupidus, avidus ali- 
cujus rei. To be or be set agog, concu- 
piscere aliquid : trahi or trahi ducique ad 
alicujus rei cupiditatem : tenet me cupid- 
itas alicujus rei or de (ire respect of) re : 
avide attectum esse de re ; cupiditate ali- 
cujus rei ardere : incensum, inflamma- 
tum esse : ardet animus ad aliquid faci- 
endum : ardenter, flagrantissime cupere, 
sitire: sitient«r expetere, <fec. To set any 
body agog, ahquem cupiditate (alicujus 
rei) incendere, inflammare : alicui (alicu- 
jus rei) cupiditatem dare or injiccre : ali- 
quem in cupiditatem (alicujus rei) impel 
lere. 

AGOING. To set agoing, movere 
(to set in motion) : initium facere : auspi- 
cari (aliquid : to make a beginning ; as a 
trial, as it were, of one's luck) : (alicui) auc- 
torem, or suasorem et auctorem, or hor- 
tatorem et auctorem esse alicujus rei (to 
be the principal adviser of it). 

AGONIZE, II to suffer agony: cru- 
ciari, excruoiari, discruciari : torqueri : 
trans., II to inflict agony : cruciare, 
discruciare, excruciare, excamificare : 
aliquem omnibus modis cruciare. 

ACiONY, cruciatus (any pangs, natural 
or artificial ; applicable to pangs of the 
conscience) : tormcntum (especially pangs 
caused by an instrument of torture). Both 
often in plural ; also cruciamentum (a 
torturing: cruciamenta morborum, Cic). 
To be in agony, cruciari ; excruciaii ; dis- 
cruciari; torqueri. 

AGRARIAN, agrarius. ' 

AGREE, concordare (to live or be in 
harmony: fratres concordant. Just.: ju- 
dicia opinionesque concordant: also ali- 
quid cum aliqud re : caput cum gestu, 
Quint. : sermo cum vitd, Sal.) ; concing- 
re (to sing the same tune together, to agret 
harmoniously: together, inter se err con- 
cinere absolutely : mundi partes inter se 
concinunt: videsne, ut hsec concinunt! 
with any body in any thing, cum aliquo 
aliquil re : u.^cd aUo of agreement in 
words ; opposed to discrcpare) : congrue- 
re (opposed to repugnru-c : with any body, 
alicui or cum nliquo : with any thing, ali- 
cui rei or cum aliqud re : together, inter 
se or absolutely ; used also of agreement m 
coincidence in time) : convenire (seldom, t 



AGRE 

€tpt a* undernext kead : conveiiire ad aK- 
qaid=yEt, suit) : consentire (properly, and 
espedalhf of agrttment in ojpinion ; hut 
alto, by a tort of person ification, of things : 
datteeor witk cum : together, inter se ; e. g., 
Tultua cum oratione ; oratio secum ; om- 
nes corporis partes inter se) : convenien- 
t«;m, aptum conseutaneumque esse alicui 
rw. To agree in opinion isttlsoidem aenxi- 
re cum aliquo {not adjicere alicui, Gortnz.). 
Not to agree, discrepare, diissentire, dis- 
sidere: alienum esse re or a re. To agree 
ttith (=6e consistent tcitk) himself, sibi 
Opse) consentire : sibi or secum consta- 
re. The tetters seemed to agree with the 
speech, literae consentire cum oratione 
vissB sunt, Cic. So sententia non constat 
cum — sententiis, Cic \\ Enter into, or 
accede to, an agreement : convenit 
alicui cum aliquo ; inter aliquos (not con- 
Tsnio cum aliquo). We agreed, inter nos 
convenit. / agreed vith Deiotarus, mihi 
cum Deiotaro conyenit, nt, &c. : consti- 
tuere aliquid (to agree about any thing to 
be done). Pass., to be agreed. It teas 
agreed, convenit or (if by treaty) pacta 
convenit (Liv.). Even the consuls were 
not thoroughly agreed, ne inter consules 
quidem ipsos satis conveniebat. All are 
agreed, inter omnes convenit Ofath ing, 
also personally, res convenit alicui cum 
aliquo or inter aliquos : the peace had been 
agreed vpon, pax convenerat What had 
been agreed upon, quae convenerant If 
any thing could be agreed upon between 
that, siposset inter eos aliquid con venire, 
Ge. The terms of peace had been agreed 
upon, conditiones pacis convenerant. 
II Assent to, assentiri or (less commonly) 
assentire alicui, that, ut, i&c. (Cic., ad Att^ 
9, 9, init.) : annuere (absolute). In dis- 
putations: concedere aliquid: confiteri 
aliquid : largiri or dare aliquid (of a Foi- 
tintary concession). || To agree to any 
thing, consentire alicui rei or ad aliquid 
(to an offer or proposal ; e. g., ad induti- 
as) : concedere alicm rei (to yield to it ; 
e. g., alien jus postulationi, to any body's 
demand) : to agree to the terms, conditio- 
nes accipere ; ad conditiones acoedere 
or descendere (especially of coming in to 
them after long hesitation). || To agru:^ 
to live in harmony, concorditer (con- 
cordissime) cum aliquo vivere : mira con- 
cordid vivere (Tac.). jj To agree with 
any body (of food, climate, ice), sa- 
lubrem esse : not to agree, gravem, pa- 
rum salubrem esse, "jl Agreed ! (as a 
form of accepting a bet) en dextram ! 
(her^s my hand vpon it) : cedo dextram 
(gitie me your hand upon it). 

AGREE, TBNS., I! reconcile, Vn>. 

AGREEABLE, jj gratus (valued as pre- 
rious, interesting, worthy of thanks) : ac- 
ceptus (tedcomed) : jucundus (delightful, 
bringing joy to us) : euavis, dnlcis, mollis 
(sweet, pleasing to the senses, and seconda- 
rily to the affections. All these, both of per- 
sons and thtTigs'^ : cams (dear : of per- 
sons) : urbanus (courteous, and so pleas- 
ing : of conversation. Sec, or persons) : 
lepidus : facetus : festivus (agreeable : of 
witty, spirited conversation, and of persons 
remarkable for it). Of places, amoenus 
(agreeable to the senses) : Isetus. Very 
agreeable, pergratus, perjucnndus. \\ Con- 
sistent with : accommodatus alicui rei 
or ad aliquid : aptus alicui rei or ad ali- 
quid : conveniens, conarruens (unclassical 
congruns), consentaneus alicui rei or cum 
re. Jn". aptus et accommodatus ; aptus 
consentaneusque ; congruena et aptus ; 
aptus et congruens. To be agreeable to, 
consentire, congruere, &x., with dative or 
cum. [Vld. to Agrke.] If it is agreea- 
ble to you, quod commodo tuo fiat : nisi 
tibi molestum est 

AGREEABLEXESS, jucunditas (agree- 
ableness ; general term, also, of a pleasant 
style) : gratia (gracefulness, beauty : also, 
of style. Quint., 10, 1, 65, and 96) : venus- 
tas (beauty) : goavitas (sweetness, attract- 
iveness: of voice, speech. Sic.): dulcedo 
(sweetness, amiability). Jji. dulcedo at- 
que suavitas (e. g., morum) : amcenitas 
(beauty: especially of places): festivitas 
(jileasant, Urely humor) : lepos (graceful- 
• ness and tenderness inwards, style, a speech, 
om^s ordimary conversation, &c). Agreb- 



AHA 

' ableness and fullness of style, suavitas di- 

. cendi et copia. \\Consistency with, 

convenientia : to any Iking, cum aliqnd 

. re (Cic) : (congruentia, post-Augustan, 

and very rare) 

AGREE.\BLY, jucunde : Buaviter : 
amcene : venuste : festive. [Stn. in 
Agbeeableness.J To speak agreeably, 
suavem esse in dicendo, quasi decore lo- 
qui (of an orator) : suaviter loqoi. To 
tell a tale agreeably, jucunde narrare. To 
write very agreeably, dulcissime scribere. 
\\ Consistently with, convenienter, 
consTuenter alicui rei: apte ad aliquid. 
To lire agreeably to nature, naturse con- 
venienter or congmenter vivere ; secun- 
dum natnram vivere ; accommodate 
(stronger, accommodatissime) ad natn- 
ram vivere. 

AGREEMENT, conventus, conven- 
tnm; constitutnm (an agreement or un- 
derstanding.not formally binding): spon- 
sio (an agreement by wktch one party binds 
hanselfto another: in war, an alliance or 
peace concluded by the contmanders-in- 
ckief, but not ratified by the authorities at 
home : non foedere pax Caudina, sed 
per sponsionem facta est, Liv.) : (pac- 
tum : pactio (a formal, public compact, le- 
gally binding on both parties : pactio, as 
act ; pactum, as the thing agreed wpon). 
To enter into or conclude an agreement 
with any body, pacisci, depacisci, crmi alir 
quo ; pactionem cum aliquo facere or 
conficere : about any thing, de aliqnd re 
pacisci. To keep an agreement, pactum 
praestare ; in pacto manere ; pactia or 
conventis stare. If an agreement is not 
brought about, si res ad pactionem non 
venit (Cic). According to or by agrte- 
ment, ex pacto ; ex convento (as Cic, ad 
Att., 6, 3, 1) ; ex conventu (as Auct., ad 
Herenn., 2, 16). Jn. ex pacto et conven- 
to. 11 Consistency with, convenientia 
cum aliqud re. \\ Resemblance, qute- 
dam or nonnuUa similitudo. 

AGRICULTURAL, rustieus : agrestis. 
Agricultural operations, res rustic*. Ag- 
ricultural population, rustici : the agricul- 
tural population of Sicily, qui in Sicilid 
arant To be devoted to agricultural pur- 
suits, agriculturse studere. Devoted to 
agricultural pursuits, rusticis rebus de- 
ditus. 

AGRICLT.TL"RE, agricultura or agri 
(agrorum) ctiltura ; or agri (agrorum) 
ciiltio (general terms) : aratio (tillage) : 
arandi ratio (the method of tiUc^e). To 
follow agriculture as a pursuit, agrum 
colere, agricultura studere ; arare (also 
to live by agriculture). 

AGRICULTURIST, rusticis rebus de- 
ditus (if it is a favorite pursuit) : homo 
rustieus : asricola : aeri cultor. 

AGRLMONY, agrimonia (Cels, Plin. : 
Eupatorium cannabinum, Lin.). 

AGRIOPmXLL^l, agriophvllon (Ap- 
pul.). 

AGROSTIS, agrostis (Appul). 

AGROLT^D. To run aground, vado, 
in vadum or litoribus illidi (to run on a 
sand-iank or the shore) : in litus ejid 
(to be stranded and wrecked) : in terram 
deferri (to run ashore). The feet ran 
aground, and was wrecked near the Bal- 
earic Islands, classis ad BaleSres ejicitur. 
To be aground, sidere (to touch the bot- 
tom, and so stick fast). \\ Fig., to be 
aground ; i. c, in dificulty, unable to pro- 
oeed, in Into esse (Plaut.) : hserere, hsesi- 
tare (Ter.) : difficultatibus affectum esse : 
^tobe in debt, sere alieno obriitum or de- 
mersum esse. 

AGUE, febris fngida : febris intermit- 
tens. To hare the ague, febrim (frigidam) 
habere, pati : frigore et febri jactari (after 
Cicero's aestus et febris. Cat., I, 13, 31). 
To catch the ague, febrim (frigidam) nan- 
ciscL in febrim incidere : febri corri{n. 

AGUE-FIT, febrium frigus : fiAgus et 
febris (after Cicero's aestus et febris). 

AGUISH, febriculosus. 

AH ! ah ! (expressing pain, vexation, as- 
tonishment). \\ As ezpressing exultation, 
ha ! ha ! hae ! (in the comic writers). 

AHA! aha! (in the comic wr it er s : of 
censure or refusal: also, of pleasure and 
exultation) : eu, euge (of somewhat irtmir- 
al praise). 



AIL 

AHEAD, ante aliquem, &c. To g0 
ahead of. praeterire ; victam (navem) pr»- 
terire (K«r^., 5, 156). Via., to run ahead, 
evagari (to waiider away at will) : modom 
excedere (Liv., to tran^rress the bounds 
of moderation). 

AID, juvare, adjftvare, operd adjuvare 
(opposed to impedire : to assist a person 
striving to do something, which our help 
may enable him to do sooner or better : in 
any thing, in aliqud re) : auxiliiun ferre 
alicui ; auxiliari aUcui ; esse alicui aux 
ilio : opem ferre aUcui : opitulari aUcni 
(opposed to destituere, deserere : to help 
a person in distress. In auxilinm ferre, 
Stc, the helper is conceived rather as an 
ally, bound to assist : in opem ferre. Sec, 
as a generous benefactor. Against any 
thing or any body, contra aliquid or aU- 
qnem) : succurrere alicui (to run to any 
bodies assistance in danger or distress) : 
aUcui eubsidio venire : alicui subvenire 
(to conu to any body's assistance in danger 
or distress : also, of soldiers) : sublevare 
aUquem (to help a person up ; assist m 
supporting him ; e. e., aliquem facultati- 
j bus suis, Cic). [VuL Help.] To aid 
 any body in doin^ any thing, alicui opitu- 
lari in aliqua re tacienda : alicui operand 
euam commodare ad aUquid : alicui ope- 
ram prsbere in aliqnd re (the last, espe- 
cially of manual labor). Their bodily 
strength did not aid them, nihil iis corpo- 
ris vires auxihatae sunt (Cic). 

Mo, s., anxilinin (hdpi, etfuddered witk 
respect to theperson assisted, sduAe strength 
is thereby increased ; pL, aoxilia, aaxQimy 
troops) : opa (oxy means 4^assisting an- 
other ; he^, with reference to the giver) : 
subsidium (assistance provided against tJie 
time of need : of troops, the reserve) : ad- 
jumentum (assistance, as what helps us to 
compass an object ; e. g., adjumentum rei 
gerendae) : praesidiuin (protecting assist- 
ance ; securing the obtaining of an ob- 
ject) : opera (aaive help rendered ; serv- 
ice) : medicina aUcujua rei (remedial aid. 
serving for the prevention or removal of an 
evil). By any body's aid, alicujus ausiio ; 
aHcujus ope ; alicujus ope adjutus ; ah- 
quo adjuvante ; aliquo adjutore ; alicujus 
operd. Without foreign (i e., another 
parson's) aid, sud sponte, per se. By the 
aid of God, jnvante Deo, divind ope, or 
(if ^loken of conditionally) si Dens juvet 
or adjuvabit. By the aid of any thing : 
mostly the ablative only ; e. g., ingenio et 
cositatione. To offer one's atd to any body, 
ofierre se, si quo usus operae sit : toward 
or for any thing, ad aliquid operam suam 
profiteri: for any purpose whatever, in 
omnia ultro suam offerre operam. To 
bring aid to any body, alicui auxilium, or 
opem anxiliumque, alicui praesidium, or 
suppetias, or subsidium ferre : alicui aux- 
ilium afferre : alicui praesidium ofierre 
(of aid implored ; vid. Liv., 3, 4) : alicui 
auxilio, or adjumento, or praisidio esse : 
ahcui adesse or praesto esse. [Vid. Aid, 
v., and Assistance.] To seek the aid of 
a physician, medico uti : medicum mor- 
bo adhibere : for a sick person, medicum 
ad aegrotum adducere. In every circtan- 
stance of life we require the aid of our fel- 
low-men, omnis ratio atque institutio vita) 
adjumenta hotninum desiderat. || A su^ 
sidy, collatio (contribution of money to 
the Roman emperors) : stips : collecta, as, 
(a contribution). 

AID-DE-CAMP, *adjutor castrenos : 
adjutor ducis or imperatoris (after OrdL, 
Inscript., 3517, where adjutor comicnlarii 
is found). 

AIDANCE, vid. Aid, s. 

AIDER, adjutor : qui opem fert aUcni, 
4x. 

AIL, r. II Pa in, dolorem mihi aiTert 
aliquid (mental) : dolet mihi ahquid (6o<i- 
ily or metaat) : aegre facere ahcui (men- 
tat). \\ Indefinitely, to affect. What 
ails you, that you, &c: quid est causae 
cur, &c. : qoidnam esse causae putem, 
cur, &c. (mA with sultj.) II To be ail- 
ing, tenui, or minus commodd, or non 
firmd valetudine uti. To be always ail- 
tng, semper infirmd atque etiam aegrtf 
Tajetudine esse. 

AiLiiiaiT.}^*^^^^*^* 

19 



AIR 

AIM, s. (A) PKOPB., Scopus (Suet., 
Dom. 19, 8. 1. v., tite mark at which one 
aims) To miss one's aim. * scopura non 
ferire : ictus alicujus deerrat (Plin., 28, 
3, 16). (B) FIG., propositum : is, qui 
mihi est or fuit prooositus, exitus: finis 
(end at which one aimed). Cicero uses the 
Greek, ckottos : so Macrob., ipsum propo- 
situm, quern Grajei cKoirdv vocant. To 
propose to o?ie's self an aim, finem sibi 
proponere : to miss one's aim, a proposito 
aberrare ; propositum non consequi. To 
have a single aim, * ad eadem semper 
contendere. To propose to one's self high 
or ambitious aims, magna sjiectaro. To 
arrive at, attain to, &c., an aim, proposi- 
tum consequi ; eo, quo volo, pervenio ; 
quae voliimus, perficere. JFhat is the 
aim of all this f quorsum h»c spectant ? 

AIM, V. (A) PROPB., telum (sagittam, 
&.C.) colllneare aUquo : telum dirigerc, or 
Intendere in aliquem or aliquid : petere 
aliquem or aliquid (more generally, to try 
to hit). Obs., collineare is also, to aim 
truly (Cic, De Din., 2, 59, ink.). They did 
not wound the heads only of their enemies, 
hut whatever part of the face they aimed at, 
non capita solum hostium vulnerabant, 
sed quem locum destinassent oris (Liv.) : 
to aim at a particular mark, destinatum 
petere (Liu.). (B) fig.. To have for 
one's object, spectare aliquid or ad ali- 
quid : moliri aliquid (of great things) : 
petere aliquem (of aiming a blow at a 
person) : velle aliquid (to wish to obtain it) : 
rationem referre ad aliquid (to act with 
reference to an object) : in animo habere 
aliquid : se^i aliquid : (animo) aliquid 
intendere : consilium aliquod sibi propo- 
nere. Of aiming at a person in a 
speech, by an insinuation, &c., designare, 
denotare aliquem. || To guess, Vid. 

AIR, 9., aer (air as an element : as dis- 
tinguished from tether, it is the denser air 
from the earth to the region of the moon) : 
ffither (the purer air of the upper regions 
of the sky : say from the moon to the stars : 
the heaven) : anima (the air as an element ; 
vital air : mostly poetical, but used four 
times by Cicero ; e. g., inter igncm et ter- 
rain aquara Deus animamque posuit, 
Univ., 2) : aura (gently waving and fan- 
ning air) : spiritus (the power that sets 
masses of air in motion : breath-like cur- 
rent of air : the cau-ie of aura andvcntas : 
semper aer spiritu aliquo movelur) : 
ccBlum (the whole atmosphere, comprehend- 
ing both aer and a;ther ; but sometimi^ 
•used for the one, sometimes for the other, 
.Fos.s, ad Virg., Eel., 4, 52). A salubrious 
air, coelum salubre : cceli salubritas : aer 
salubris : cool air, aer refrigeratus : cold 
air, aer frigidus. The density of the air, 
aeris crassitude. The air ascends in con- 
sequence of its lightness, agr fertur levi- 
tate sublime. To mount into the air, sub- 
lime (seldom in sublime) ferri, effi-rri ; or 
(of living things) sublimem abire. To 
fjj through the air, per sublime volare. 
To expose any thing to the air, aliquid aeri 
exponere : to let in the air, aerem iramit- 
tere, or (if by cutting away) coelum ape- 
riro alicui rei : to protect any thing from 
every breath of air, ab afflatu omni jjrotege- 
re aliquid : curare ne aer aliquid tangere 
possit: to deprive it of every breath of air, 
alicui rei omnem spiritura adimere. To 
breathe air, animara or spiritum ducere : 
epirare : to live on air, vento viviire (= 
live on nothing ; late). To sleep in the 
open air, sub divo cubarc. Prov., to 
build castles in the air, somnia sil)i tingere 
(vid. Lucr., 1, 104) : to speak to the air, 
Terba dare in ventos (Ov., Am., 1, G, 42) : 
verba ventis loqui (Ammian.) : verba 
▼entis profundere (Lucr.) : in pcrtfisum 
dolium dicta ingercrc (Plant.) : surdo or 
siirdis auribus cancre (Virg.) : fnistra 
Burdas aures fatigare (Curt.). To take 
the air7=walk, Vid. : to lake the air in a 
carriage, on horseback, carpento or equo 
gestari, vectari : to take air (= to get 
abroad ; of secrets, kc), cmanare (to leak 
out), Slc. Vid. Abroad. \\ Mien, man- 
ner, look : vultus (llie proper word, the 
countenance ; the character as indicated hy 
the motion of the eye, the serene or cloudid 
brme, &c.) : os (the habitual i-zpressimi 
of the eye and mouth) : aspcctus, visus 
20 



AKIN 

(look) : species : forma : facies (these five, 
of living or lifeless things : forma aiso, 
beautiful appearance). A dignified air, 
ad dignitatem apposita forma et species. 
To hare a noble air, esse dignitate hones- 
ty : an imposing, commariding, majestic 
air, forma esse iinperatorid or augusta: 
an air of iiealth, bona corporis habitudine 
es.se ; * corporis sanitatem prae se ferre : 
an air of kindness, esse humano visu : an 
effeminate air, mollem esse in gestu : an 
air of probability, verisimile videri; simi- 
le vero videri. He has an air of being, 
<fcc., videtur, with nom. and infin. To 
give any thing an air of, alicui rei speci- 
em addere or praebere. |1 Airs, pi., jac- 
tatio (foolish boastfulness) : gloriatio (in- 
solent boastfulness). To give one's self 
airs, se jactare (to boast foolishly : intol- 
erantius) ; arrogantiam sibi sumere : se 
ostentare (to do it for the purpose of con- 
cealing real ins gnificance). Jn. se niag- 
nifice jactare atque ostentare. If the gait 
is alluded to, magnitice incedere. || An 
air, as a musical term, * canticum, quod 
Italis Aria vocatur : modi, moduli : also 
cantus. 

AIR, v., aeri exponere (to expose to the 
air) : aerem in aliquid iramittere (to let 
the air into any tiling ; hence to air an 
inclosed space). To air a room, cubiculi 
fenestras patefacere, sic ut perflatus ali- 
quis accedat (after Cels., 3, 19) : perHatum 
in cubiculura totis adniittere fenestris 
(after Ov., A. A., 3, 807, ajid Plin., 17, 19, 
31). !1 To dry: siccare, exsiccare. \\To 
air one's self. Vid. to take the air, 
under Air. 

AIR-BALLOON, * machina aSrobatica. 

AIR-BATH. To take an air-bath, * cor- 
pus nudum aeri exponere. 

AIR-BLADDER, vesica (general term 
for bladder) : * vesica super quam nant 
(for swimming with : after Curt., 8, 8, 6) : 
bulla (bubble in the water). 

AIR-GUN, * telum piieumaticum (tech- 
nical term). 

AIR-HOLE, spiramentum : spiracu- 
lum : lumen (any opening through which 
light and air can penetrate). 

AIRING. To take an airing, equo, car- 
pento vectari, gestari. 

AIRLESS, aere vacuus. 

AIR-PUMP, *antUa pneumatica (tecJi- 
nical term). 

AIR-SHAFT, testuarium (Plin., 31, 3, 
28, iBstuarium quaj gravcm ilium halitum 
recipiant). 

AIR-SHIP, *navigium per aerem ve- 
hens. 

AIRY, PROPB., (V) II Consisting of 
air, aerius (of our denser air) : astherius 
(of tlie purer air of the upper sky) : spira- 
biiis : fiabilis (breathable) ; hence, iivipB., 
II As thin as air, tcnuissiinus (very 
thin), levissimus (very light: both of clothes, 
Slc). To be clad in "thin and airy hab- 
its" (Dryd.), levissime vestitum esse. A 
most airy habit, ventus textilis (Publ. 
Syr., in Petron., Sat., 55) : nebula linea 
(ibid.: if of linen). \\As light as air, 
levis, levissimus (of men and things). 
Airy notions, opinionuni commenta. (2) 
WExisting in the air, aerius (in our 
denser air) : astherius (in the upper, purer 
air). (3) || Exposed or pervious to 
the air, aeri expositus (placed in the 
air) : perflabilis, aeri pervius (through 
which the air can blow : the latter after 
Tac, Ann., 15, 43, 3) : quo spiritus per- 
venit: quod pertlatum venti recijiit (to 
which the air has access) : frigidus (in a 
wide sense, coot). \\Gay, sprightly: 
hilaris, hilarus (either at the moment or 
habitually): alacer gaudio (at the moment). 

AISLE, ala (of a side aisle) : spatiiiin 
medium (the nave). No termferr our mid- 
dle aisle ; the barbarism of leaving only a 
pathway between pews being a modem in- 
vention, 

AIT (or Eyght), * insula in fiumine 
sita : or insula only. 

AKIN, PBOPB., propinquus (general 
term) : agnatus (by tlie father's side) : 
cognatus (by the mother's side) : consan- 
.'luiT'rus : conaanguinitate propinquus (hy 
blood : espedally of full brothers and sis- 
ters). Obs. These may be used subs'ant- 
icely, as propinquus meus, &c. To be 



AL C Y 

akin to any body, alicui propinquum esses 
alicui or cum aliquo propinquitate con 
junctum esse : consanguinitate alicui pro- 
pinquum esse : sanguinis vinculo alicui 
or cum aliquo conjunctum esse (by blood) 
To be near akin, arctd propinquitate ali- 
cui or cum aliquo conjunctum esse : pro- 
pinqua cognations alicui or cum aliquo 
conjunctum esse (if by the mother's side). 
Impbopk., II propinquus (alicui or alicui 
rei) : finituims, vicinus (alicui or alicui 
rei). Jn. propinquus et finitimus ; vici- 
nus et finitimus. The poet is near akin to 
the orator, oratori finitimus est poeta. All 
the arts and sciences are akin to one an- 
other, omnes artes quasi cognatione aliqua 
inter se continentur. 

ALABASTER, alabastrites. An alabas- 
ter box, alabaster : alabastrum. 

ALACK, eheu ! pro dolor I vsb mihi ! 
proh dii immortales ! decs immortales ! 
pro deum fidem I i r 

ALAMODE. To be (tahnode, in more 
esse : moris esse (of custoiis). An article 
quite alamode, merx delicata (Sen., Be- 
nef, 6, 38, 3). Vid. Fashionable. 

ALARM, s., ad arma ! (call to arms). 
To give or sound an alarm, conclamare 
ad arma. Impb., disturbance: turba 
(noise, confusion, wild disorder) : tumul- 
tus, tumultuatio (noisy uproar, whether of 
an excited multitude or of an individual : 
then, like trepidatio, the fear, &c., caused 
by it) : strepitus (roaring, bawling noise). 
Jn. strepitus et tumultus. A false alarm, 
tumultus vanus. To raise an alarm about 
nothing, excitiire fluctus in simpiilo (jrro- 
verbially, Cic., De Legg., 3, 16, 36). 2'o 
make an alarm, tumultuari : tumultum 
facere : strepere. To give an alarm of 
any thing, clamare, proclamare, clami- 
tare aliquid : of fire, ignem or incendium 
conclamare (Sen., De Ir., 3, 43, 3). To 
be in alarm, trepidare. There is terror 
and alarm every where, omnia terrore ac 
tumultu strepunt (Liv.). The whole house 
is in alarm and confusion, miscetur do- 
mus tumultu (Virg., Mn., 2, 486). \\Fear, 
Vid. 

ALARM, v., PBOPB., to call to arms, 
conclamare, ad arma! \\ Disturb, tur- 
bare, conturbare : perturbare : miscero, 
commiscere : confundere : concitare. 
\\ Disturb with apprehension, com- 
movere ; sollicitare ; sollicitum facere : 
turbare, conturbare, perturbare. Thin 
alarms me, hoc male me habet ; hoc me 
commovet, pungit : alarms me exceeding 
ly, est aliquid mihi maximo terror! 

ALARM-BELL, *can!pana incendii in- 
dex (for fire) : * campana incursionia 
hostium index (for invasion). 

ALARM-POST, * locus quo milites ad 
arma conclamati conveniuiiL 

ALARMING. To send a very alarming 
report, pertumultuose nunciare. 

ALARUM, * suscitabiilum. \\ Alarm, 
Vid. 

ALAS! oh! (expressing emotion): prof 
or proh I (expressing complaint ; also o*- 
tonisliment) : eheu! heu! (expresses pain 
or complaint) : va3 1 (expressing sorrow, 
displeasure, &.C.) : vsemihi! va;mihimis- 
ero ! proh dolor ! me miserum ! Alas .' 
for ficaven's sake, proh dii immortales ! 
deos immortales I pro deiim fidem ! Alas', 
so are we degenerated ! tiuitum.proh! de 
generavimus. Ala.i 1 shall I ever . .. ./ 
en umquam . . . ? (in questions implying 
a vehement desire), 

ALAS-A-DAYI ^vidALAsI 

ALASTHEDAY ! K 

ALB, *alba (.«r. vestis : ut diac6nus. . 
albd induatur. Cone, Carth., iv., 41). 

ALBEIT. Vid. Although. 

ALBUGO, albugo : oculi albugo (Plin.). 

ALCAID, Wjud^e of a city, * judex ur- 
banus. || Governor of a town or castle, 
pr*fectu3 url)is, oppidi, cn.otelli. 

ALCHEMIST, * alchymista. 

ALCHEMY, * alchymia. 

ALCOHOL, * spiritus vini. 

ALCORAN, * Coranus. 

ALCOVE, zotheca (cabinet, for sleep- 
ing in by day, Plin.) : dimtn. zothecula. 

ALCYON, alcedo (poetical alcyon) : 
(* Ale do ispida, Linn.) 

ALDER, alnus. 

ALDERLIEVEST (Shaksp. the Ger 



AL IE 

aunt, aneiiiebet), dilectlssimus : nnice di- 
lectus. 

ALDERMAN, decxmo {according to 
RoMan usage) : perhaps * magistratos mu- 
nicipalis. 

ALDERN, alneus. 

ALE, cerevisia (a drink of ike ancients 
bremed from corn. To describe the Ger- 
man beer, Tacitus uses crcL: humor ex 
bordeo aut frumento in qoandam simili- 
tudinem vini corruptus. Germ., 23, 1) : 
zjthum (^SSaj, Plin., Pond.). To hreio 
aJe, * cerevisiam coquere. A bottle of ale, 
* lagena cerevisiae. A barrel of ale, * do- 
Bam cerevisisB. A glass of ale, * Titnim 
cerevisi®. A jug of ale, * canthara cere- 
Tisiae. 

ALE-BREWER, * cerevisisB coctor. 

ALE-CELLAR, * cella cerevisaria. 

ALE-HOUSE, caLup6n&(generaltermfor 
public house). To keep an ale-house, cau- 
ponam exercere : * cererisiaai divenders. 

ALE-HOUSE-KEEPER, caupo. 

ALE-KXIGHT, potator: acer potor. 

ALEMBIC, * aleiubicum. 

ALERT, alacer (energetically active 
and in high spirits) : vegecas (awake ; 
alive both in body and mind) : viridus, 
Tigens {full of life and energy) : promp- 
tus {ready, always prqMtred). Jn. alacer 
et promptas : acer et vigena. To be on 
the alert, VigUare, cavere, ne, &c. || Pert, 
smart : procax (boisterously forward 
from assurance and impudence) : proter- 
rus {impetuously, recklessly, insolently for- 
ward) : lascivus {full of fun and high 
spirits). 

ALERTLY, alacri animo (alacriter, late, 
Ammian.) : acriter {with Jire and energy) : 
bilare {cheerfully, gladly). 

ALERTNESS, alacritas {energetic ri- 
radty, evincing spirit and activity) : vigor 
{vigorous activity) : hilaritas {mirthful, 
joyous activity). 

ALEXANDRINE, * versus- Alexandri- 
nus. 

ALEXIPHARMIC, alexipharmScon 
{only Plin., 21, 20, 84). 

ALGEBR-i. * algebra. 

ALGEBRAIC, U.i„oU„t^„„ 

ALGEBRAICAL, i algebraicua. 

ALGID, algidus. 

ALGIDITY, algor. 

ALGIFIC, algincus {GeU.). 

ALGOR, algor. 

ALIAS, give, seu : vel. 

ALIEN. II Foreign, pbopb. Vid. 
Alien, s. || Foreign to, alienuB {not 
relating or belonging to me: opposed to 
meus or amicus) : from any thiTig, aiicui 
rei, aliqual re, ab aliqua re : from any body, 
aiicui, ab aliquo. To be alien from, ahe- 
num eeae, abhorrere a, &c. 

ALIEN, s., aUenigena {bom in a foreign 
country: opposf (i fo patrius, indiecna) : ad- 
vena {one who has come into the country 
from the country of his birth : opposed to 
indigena: but the proper opposite to advenm 
is aborigines, avroTiBires, the original in- 
habitants) : peregrinuB {OTie travelling or 
sojourning in a country, and therefore not 
possessing the rights of citizensh^: the 
political name of a foreigner : opposed 
to civis) : hospes {opposed to popularis : for- 
eigner, but, as such, claiming from us the 
rights of hospitality). Obs., exterus and 
extemus denote a foreigner, whether now 
in his own land or not : extemus being a 
geographical, externa mostly a political 
term : extraneus means what is without us : 
opposed to relatives, family, native country : 
extrarius, opposed to ont^s self. All these, 
ezcepl hospes, are used adjectively. Jn. ex- 
temus et advena (e. g., rex) ; alienlgena et 
extemus ; peregriniu et extemus ; pere- 
grinus atque advena; peregrinus atque 
bos pes. 

ALIEN, V. Vid. Alienate. 

ALIENABLE, *quae alienari possunt 

ALIENATE. \\Part with to an- 
other possessor, alienare, abalienare: 
vendere. Jn. vendere et alienare ; ven- 
dere et abalienare : a part of any thing, 
deminuere de aliqud re. To be alien- 
ated, alienari : venire atque a vobis alie- 
nari; or venire atque in perpetuutn a 
vobis alienari H Estrange, nlienare 
Hliquem (a se: sibi, Veil. 2, 112); ali- 
cnjus voluntatem, acimaiK alienare (a 



ALI V 

ee, or absolutely, C<es.. B. C, 7, 10) : abda- 
cere, abstrahere, subducere aliquem ab 
aliquo {of things). To be alienated, alie- 
nari, volnntate alienari : desciscere ab ali- 
quo : deserere aliquem. 

ALIENATE, adj., ab aliqnd aversus, 
alienatus, alienus : aiicui or in aliquem 
malevolus {wishing him ill) : aiicui inimi- 
cus. To be alienated from any body, ab ali- 
quo animo esse ilieno or averso. 

ALIEN.\T10N, II act of parting 
with property: alienatio, abalienatio 
{the proper word) : venditio {sale). Alien- 
ation of part of a property, deminntio de 
aliqud re. || Estrangement, alienatio : 
from any body, ab aliquo {also, ab aliquo 
ad aliquem). Jn. alienatio disjunctioque : 
disjunctio animorum {with reference to 
both parties) : defectio (desertion : of alien- 
ation from a public character ; from a man's 
party) : dissidium (dissension, and conse- 
quent keeping aloof). 

ALIGHT, descendere : from on^s horse, 
ex equo : to alight hastily, desiBre ex 
equo [vid. DisMorxrl : from one's car- 
riage, ex or de rhedd descendere. || Of 
a 6ir<i,devoIare (fofiy down: in aliquem 
locum ; from de) : to alight there, devo- 
lare Dluc : in terrain decidere (Ov.). jj To 
alight at any body's house {as a 
guest), devertere ad abquem; devertere 
ad aliquem in hospitiam. i| Fall upon, 
decidere (in aliquid ; e. g., imber in ter- 
rain) : ferire (strike). 

ALIKE, pariter {in an equal degree, 
lan) : seque (in an equal manner). We do 
not all want any thing alike, aliqud re non 
omnes pariter or teque egemus (Cic) : 
eodem modo (in the same manner) : juxta 
{without any distinction : not in Cic, Ctes., 
or Nep. : common in Liv. and SaL) Good 
and bad alike, juxta boni et mali ; juxta 
boni malique, SaL (So : juxta obsidentes 
obsessosque, Liv.; hiSmem et sstatem 
juxta pati, SaL ; plebi patribusque juxta 
cams, SaL, &c.): tamquara (as wdl as). 
This is the only cause in which all think 
alike, haec sola est causa, in qud omnes 
sentirent unum atque idem, Cic (Sua, 
idemque et unum sentire). II Used 
adjectively, simUis, consinmis, assimi- 
lis: geminus {exactly alike). Jx. similis 
et geminus : exactly alike, geminus et si- 
millimus (in any thing, aliqua re) : sinul- 
limus et maxime geminus : to be alike, 
similes esse {in face, facie) : to make 
things alike, *hanc rem ad similitudinem 
illius lingere : fingere, assimilare banc rem 
in speciem illius, Tac Vid. Like. 

ALIMENT, alimentura : cibus : nutri- 
mentum : pabulum : pastus : victus. Srx. 
in Food. 

ALIMENTAL, in quo multum alimenti 
est : magni cibi (e. g., casei) : magni cibi 
(opposed to TTiini mi cibi) : valens, tirmus, 
valentis or firmae materiae (opposed to im- 
becillus, infirmus, imbeci'.laj or infirmse 
materia?, Cels.). Obs., alibiUs only V&rr.: 
nutribilis very late. 

ALIMENTARY, alimentarius (Ctel. in 
Cic, Fam., 8, 6). || Nutritious. Vid. 
Alimental. 

ALIMONY, attmonium (but not as a 
technical term for the allowance for a wifi^s 
support) : perhaps *in alimonium quod sa- 
tis sit {afterward in fcenus Pompeii quod 
satis sit, Cic Alt., 6, 1 : alimonium. poU- 
class., SueL, OUig., 42 : " coUationes in 
alimonium atque dotem puellse recepit^. 

ALIVE, vivus, vivens (opposed to mor- 
tuus; vvraa denoting eristence only: vi- 
vens, the manner of existence) : spiralis 
(still breathing) : salvus (safe). To bum 
any body alite, aliquem virum combu- 
rere : to make alive again, a morte ad vi- 
tam revocare ; ab inferis excitare ; ab 
Oreo redncem in lucem facere : to escape 
alive, \"ivum effusere ; salvum, incolflmem 
evadere : while I am alive, dum vivo : me 
vivo : in mea vitA : to be tilive. vivere, in 
vitd esse : vitam habere : vita or hac luce 
fimi : to find any body alive, aliquem vi- 
vum reperire : still alive, aliquem adhuc 
spiraatem reperire. || Fig., vividus : ve- 
ggtus: acer: alacer. Sec. \\ To keep 
any thing alive (fg-). e. g., affection, 
nutrire, alere : alere atque augerc (e. g., 
desiderium, opposed to exstinguere). || As 
used with superlatives; e. g, " the wisest 



ALL 

Man alive," longe, multo, omnium— 
multo. The hajtdsomest man a.iee, omnb 
nm hujus setatis multo formosissimn^ 
^ As used with negatives; e. g., "na 
man alive:" by setatis suae (of a past 
time) ; setatis hujus, eorum, qui nunc or 
hodie sunt (of a present time). 

AL KALIN E, * alcalinos ((ecAnico^ (cm 
e, g., * sal alcalinus. 

ALL, omnis (every, all : plural omnes, 
aU, without exception : opposed to nulli, 
paoci, aliquot, &c.) : cuncti (all collective- 
ly, considered as really united: opposed 
to dispersi, sejunctL Hence in the singu- 
lar it is used only with collective nouns ; e. 
g., senatos cunctus) : universus, universi 
{all, as united in our conception: op- 
posed to einsuii, unusquisque. It excludet 
exceptions idee omnes, but with more refer- 
ence to tk* whale than to the separate unitt 
that compose it). Obs., omnis Italia, geo- 
grapkiealUi: Italia caactSy fig.^::aU the 
inhabitants of Italy. Ali, isalso expre.Mied 
strongly by two negatives, nemo non, uul- 
lus non, nemo vtcA quin ; e. g., all see it, 
nemo non videt : aU did it, nemo est, tfuin 
fecerit ||.<<U^eacA, quisquis: quisque 
(each one, the predicate being asserted of 
each and all alike) : quivis (any one, wuh- 
out selection, but one only) : unusquisqoe 
(each single one). T^us ; in all jAaces, 
qnoque loco. I had rather suffer all man- 
ner of evils, quidvis malo patL jj When 
ALX stands with an adjective to denote a 
whole class, the Romans generally made 
each individual prominent by the use of the 
superlative with quisque : all the best m^n, 
optimus quisque. j| ALL^»Aoer«r, 
whatever, quicumque: aU, who were en- 
gaged, will know, quicumque proelio h.- 
terfiiit; sciet : sometimes quod (with est or 
habeo) with the genitive. All the time 1 
can spare from my forensic labors, quod 
mihi de forensi labore temporls datur : / 
sent to the Prators to bring you all the sol- 
diers.they had, ad Praetorea misi, ut, nuli- 
tom quod haberent, ad vos deducerent 
II Ai.i.=any, after without (e. g., " with- 
out all doubt^, uHus (for which the com- 
ic writers and Ovid sometimes use omnis). 
Tf a negative precedes, aliquis or omnis. 
II All in all, or ali. used substantive- 
ly, may be translated in various ways ; e. g., 
his son isallinallto him, filius aiicui nnos 
omnia est ; filium fert or gestat in ocuhs : 
he ha* lost all, eversus est fortunis omni- 
bus, y At all : omnino : prorsus : after 
ntgatwes, nihil (the negative being un- 
translated) : never at all, omnino nun- 
qnam : nothing at all, omnino nihil : no- 
where at all, omnino nusquam : hardly, if 
at all, vix, aut omnino non : not much, if 
at all, non multum, aut nihil omnino. 
WAt all times, omni tempore: semper, 
jj With CAN, cocLD. All lean, quantum 
possum <w (if relating to the future) po- 
tero. / would strive all that ever I could, 
quantum maxime possem contenderem. 
All that in me lies, or is in my power, quan- 
tum in me erit {relating to the future). 
He did all he could to overthrow the stale, 
rempubUcam, quantum in ipso fiuL ever- 
tit: to labor all I can, quantumcumque 
poasim, laborare. || To be all one. It 
is all one to me, nihil mea interest or refert 
{it is all one to Caius. nihil Caii interest or 
rsfert) : aliquid negligo, non or nihil euro ; 
aSquid miiii non curse est : it is all one to 
him what people think of him, negMgit, non 
or nihil curat, quid de se quisque sentiat 
II JoK ALL (l)=although, Vid.: (2) in 
spite of, adversus: he is a fool for all 
his age and gray hairs, stoltns est adver- 
sus a^tatem et capitis canitiem. Some 
times cy in with the ablative (e. g., noscita 
bantur tamen in tantA deformitate, for 
all their pitiable appearance) : for all that, 
tamen ; nihUo secius ; nihilo minus. 
II While— all the while (as used to 
point out the coexistence of two states. &c, 
that should not coexist) : quum interea 
or quum only ; e. g., bellum subito exar- 
sit — quum Ligarius, domum spectans, nul- 

10 se negotio implicari paseus est ("while 
Lig. all the while," &c.). || .■Vll along, 
semper (always) : continenter (uninter- 
ruptedly ; incessantly). || All and each, 
omnes ac singuli; sin^Ii universiqu'^. 

11 All, without exceptioi;. omnes aj 

91 



A L LE 

anum, or (less commonly) ad unum om- 
nes (here unum is neuter, but now and 
then agrees with the substantive : as, naves 
onerariaj omnes ad unam sunt exceptae, 
Cic, Lentul, in Cic. Ep., 12, 14, 2). || Not 
AT ALL {in answers), non : minime vero : 

minime quidem : also imo : imo vero : 

inio enim vero : imo potius {with an as- 
sertion of the opposite of that which the 
question implies). Instead of non only, 
non with the verb of the question is mostly 
used: non irata as? not at all! non sura 
irata ! don't yoxi believe this ? an tu hffic 
non credia ? not at all '. minime vero ! 
num igitur peccamus ? not at all '. minime 
▼OS quidem ! siccine hunc decipis ? not at 
all ; it is he who is deceiving me : imo 
enim vero hie me decipit. No ; not so at 
all ! non ita est. It is not so — not at all .' 
nohestita! — non est profecto. || All the 
BETTER, tanto melior I {a conversational 
form of approbation or encouragement, 
Flaut. : omnes sycopliantias instruxi et 
comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam 
hoc argentum : tanto melior ! Vid. 
Freund's Lex., tanto). || Additional phras- 
es. All or nothing, nihil nisi totum : all 
and each, omnes singuli: all without ex- 
ception who, omnes quicumque : before all 
things, omnium primum, ante omnia ; 
also, imprimis : against all expect.ation, 
praiter opinionem : ex inopinato : all on 
a sudden, improviso : repente (Syn. in 
Unexpectedly) : against all chances, ad 
omnes casus : all mankind, universum ge- 
nua hominum; universitas generla huma- 
ni : now you know it all, rena omnera ha- 
bes ; habes consilia mea {of a person's 
views) : is that all ? tan^amno est 2 it is 
all over, actum est (da . .) : to be all in all 
to any body, omnia esse alicui : with all 
one's might, omnibus viribua or nervia, 
&c. (vid. Might) : in all possible ways, 
(omni ratione ; e. g., to plunder any body, 
exinanire). He is all deceit, totus ex fraude 
constat. It all depends on {any thing be- 
ing, &c.), totum in eo est, ut {if on any 
thing not being done, ne. Vid. Cic, 
Quint. Fratr., 3, 1) : it is agreed on all 
hands, constat inter omnes or omnibus 
{C<es., B. G., 4, 29, end) : to be all for him- 
self, suo privato compendio, private (do- 
mesticsB) utilitati servire ; ad suum Iruc- 
tum, ad suam utilitatem referra omnia; 
id potius intueri, quod sibi, quam quod 
universis utile sit ; nihil alteriua causa, et 
metiri suis commodis omnia. Men arc 
all for themselves, omnes sibi esse melius, 
quam altcri maJunt. 

ALL-KNOWING, cujus notitiam nul- 
la res etf ugit : * qui eventura novit omnia, 
ac velut prffisentia oontemplatur. 

ALL-POWERFUL. Vid. Almighty. 

ALL-SEEING, *qui omnia vidct, con- 
tuetur. 

ALL-WISE, * cujus absoluta est et per- 
fectiasima sapientia : * perfocte planeque 
sapiens. 

ALLAY, v., lenire {the proper word; e. 
g., a disorder, pain, hate, wrath, sorrow, 
&c.) : mitigaro, mitiorem fi 'ere (e. g., 
pain, a fever, melancholy, &c.): levare {to 
lighten : also clevare ajgritudinem, soUi- 
citudinem, &c.). To allay thirst, sitim 
repriraere, sedara ; sitim re-, ex-stinguere, 
depellere {of entirely quenching it). 

ALLAY, s., PR. No Latin word to de- 
note it as thing. Vid. Adulteration. 
Impr., mitigatio : levatio : allevatio {alle- 
viation) : mixtio, permixtio {mixing ; as 
action and thing) : mixtura {mixture ; as 
manner and thing) : adulteratio {adultera- 
tion) : dopravatio {deterioration produced 
oy the admixture of something). 

ALLAYMENT, levamcn, levamentum, 
allevamentum (alicujua rei) : medicina 
(alicuju.s rei). 

ALLEGATION, sentcntia {opinion) : in- 
dicium, signilicatio {declaration of a wit- 
ness'^ : testimonium {allegations of a wit- 
ness) : of witnesses, authorities, &c., pro- 
latio : commemoratio : affirmatio {asser- 
tion of a fact). II Plea, excuse, e.xcUsa- 
tio : causia (reason alleged). 

ALLEGE, II affiim, affirmare (to 
maintain as certain, affirm) : assevararc 
(to affirm strongly). Obs., assorerc is un- 
i classical. \\ To bring forward evi- 
dence, &.C., atlerre testimonium : o pas- 
22 



ALLI 

sage, locum afferre : a reason, rationem, 
causam afferre : to allege any thing as an 
excuse, excusare aliquid. 

ALLEGEMENT. Vid. Allegation. 

ALLEGER, CRCL. by verbs [commemo- 
rator, Trt.]. 

ALLEGIANCE, obedientia : fidelitas : 
fides. To retain any body in his alle- 
giance, aliquam in officio retinere : ali- 
quem in ditione atque servitute tenere 
(if the subject of a despotic monarch or 
government) : to swear allegiance to, in 
verba alicujus or in nomen alicujus ju- 
rara (to take an oath of fidelity : of citizens, 
magistrates, soldiers, &e.) : in obsequium 
alicujus jurara (to swear obedience : of per- 
sons holding places of high trust ; e. g., 
commanders-in-chief. Just., 13, 2, 14) : ali- 
quam venerantes regem consalutare (to 
salute or acknowledge as king : of Eastern 
nations, Tnc). 

ALLEGORICAL, allegoricus (late : Ar- 

Tlch 76Tt ^ 

ALLEGORICALLY, per translatio- 
nem : allegorice (late) : operte atque sym- 
bolice (Gell.). 

ALLEGORIZE, *continu!ltranslatione 
uti : (allagorizare very late : Tert., Hie- 
ran.) : aliud verbis, aliud sensu ostendere 
(Quint's definition of allegory). 

ALLEGORY, allegoria (Quint., Latin 
and Greek: in 8, 6, 44, he explains it by 
inversio : genus hoc Graeci appellant a\- 
hjYop'iap, (Cic.) : continusa Cic), con- 
tinuataj (Quint.), translationea ("quum 
fluxerunt continue plures translationea," 
Cic.) : continuus translationis usus (after 
Quint., 8, 14). 

ALLEGRO, *cantus, or modus inci- 
tatior. 

ALLEVIATE, lenire (to soften ; to make 
less painful or disagreeable ; e. g., dolores, 
miseriam, segritudinem) : mitigare (to 
make milder : iram, tristitiam, severita- 
tem, dolorem, labores, febrem, &c.) : 
mollire (to soften : iram, impetum) : le- 
vare, allevara (to lighten ; partially re- 
move: lavare luctum, metum, molestias, 
curam : also levare aliquem luctu, Liv. : 
allevare sollicitudincs, onus) : sublevare 
(pericula, offensionem, res adversas) : 
laxara (to lessen the tightness of any thing 
that compresses : laborem, Liv.) : expe- 
dire : explicare (to render the performance 
of any thing easier) : temperare (to temper 
by an admixture of an opposite feeling ; e. 
g., hilaritatis or tristitite modum, Cic). 
To alleviate any body's labor, partem la- 
boris alicui minuere : to alleviate in some 
decree, aliqua ex parte allevare. 

ALLEVIATION, levatio : allevatio, mit- 
igatio (as act or thing : alleviation ad- 
ministered) : levamen, levamentum, alle- 
vamentum (as thing: alleviation receiv- 
ed) : laxamentum (some remission that 
falls to one's lot) : delenimentum (not 
Cic. or Cas.) : medicina alicujus rei (rcrn- 
edy for it) : fomentum (a soothing appli- 
cation : fomenta dolorum, Cic). To cause 
or bring with it some alleviation, habere 
levationem alicujus rei (e. g., asgritudi- 
num) : levationi or levamento esse : to 
find or seek for some alleviation, levatio- 
nem invenire alicui rei (a. g., doloribus). 

ALLEY, ambulatio (for the purpose of 
walkijig up and down) : geatatio (a place 
planted with trees for driving round for 
exercise) : xystus (explained by Vitruv. to 
be hypaithra ambulatio ; a walk with trees 
or clipped hedges 07i each side, and gener- 
ally adorned with statues). \\ Lane in a 
town: angiportus, da (also angiportum). 

ALLIANCE, foedus (treaty, alliance) : 
societas (state of being allied). Jn. socie- 
taa et foedus ; amicitia societasquc. To 
make or form an alliance with any body,. 
foedus cum aliquo facere, icere, ferire, 
percutere ; foedus jungere cr iniro cum 
aliquo ; foedere jungi alicui ; societatcm 
cum aliquo facere ; aliquem sibi societatc 
et foedara adjungere. To be in alliance 
with any body, mihi cum aliquo ictum eat 
f(Bdu3. To observe the terms of an alli- 
ance : to be true to an alliance, ftsdus ear- 
vare, foedere stare ; in fida manere (op- 
posed to breaking its terms ; foedus neglige- 
re, violare, rumpere, frangera). Lmpr., 
\\ close connection in private life, con- 
junctio : societas. Jn. conjunctio et eo- 



AL LO 

cietas : necessitudo (the mutual relation 
in which friends, colleagues, patron and 
client stand together) : copulatio (rare, Cic., 
De Fin, 1, 20, 69): conjunctio aifinitatis, 
afflnitatis vinculum (by marriag:) : com- 
munio sanguinis, consanguinitas, consan- 
guinitatis or sanguinis vinculum (of rela- 
tionship). The alliance of friendship, cott' 
junctio et familiaritas. To form an alli- 
ance with any body, societatem cum ali- 
quo inire, coira, facere : to break it off. 
dirimere. A very close, the closest possible 
alliance, colligatio arctissima societatia 
(~fter Cic, De Off., 1, 17, 53). To form a 
closer alliance with any body, arctiora ne- 
cessitudinis vincula cum aliquo contra- 
here. \\=:imarriage: to form an alli- 
ance with any body, affinitatem cum aliquo 
jungere ; cum aliquo affinitate sese con- 
jungere or devincira : to form an alliance 
with such a family, filiam or virginem ex 
domo aliqud in matrimonium petere (of 
the man : afterward, Liv., 4, 4, mid.) : nu- 
bere or innubere in alicujus iamiliam or 
domum (of the female). To form a matri- 
monial alliance (i. e., with the person mar- 
ried), matrimonio jungi or conjungi ; nup- 
tiis inter se jungi. Vid. Marry. 

ALLICIENCY, *attrahendi, qua did. 
tur, vis (magnetical attraction) : *vis ad 
se iliiciendi or attrahendi (impr.). 

ALLIED, p., Icederatus : foedere junc- 
tus: socius (as ally). || Related by blood 
or marriage, propinquus, cum aliquo pro- 
pinquitate conjunctus (general term) : ne- 
cessarius (joined by ties of family or of- 
fice, sometimes := prop, of a distant degree 
of relationship) : agnatua (by the father's 
side) : cognatus, cognatione conjunctus 
(by the mother's side) : atfinis, affinitate oi 
affinitatis vinculis conjunctus (connected 
by marriage) : consanguineiia, consanguin- 
itate propinquua (by blood ; especially of 
full brothers and sisters). Closely allied, 
arcta propinquitate or propinqua cogna- 
tione conjunctus : cum aliquo conjunc- 
tus. \\Fia., closely connected, pro- 
pinquus, vicinus, finitimus (alicui or ali- 
cui rei). Jn. propinquus et finitimus : 
finituiius et vicinus. l^^' Affinis, jn this 
sense, is without an)/ sufficiently old au- 
thority. 

ALLIGATE, alligare (aliquem or ali- 
quam rem, ad aliquid : aliqud re). 

ALLIGATION, alligatio (Colum., Vitr.i. 

ALLIGATOR, crocodilus. 

ALLIGATURE, alhgatura (Colum.). 

ALLISION, offensio : pulsua : impul- 
sio: allisio (7're6cW.,digitorum allisione)- 
collisus (Silver Age). 

ALLITERATION, *vocabulorum si- 
militer incipientium continuatio. 

ALLOCATION, adjunctio: adjectio. 

ALLOCUTION, allocutio (post-Augus- 
tan). Vid. Address. 

ALLODIAL, proprius, * allodialis. Al- 
lodial lands, agri immunes liberique. 

ALLODIUM, as;er immiinis liberque. 

ALLOO. Vid-^HALLOO. 

ALLOQUY, alloquium (Liv. : a horta- 
tory, consolatory, or animating address). 

ALLOT, dispertire, distiibuere (the 
former, with reference to the act of divi- 
sion; the latter, to its just and proper per- 
formance) ; impertire aliquid alicui (to 
give in a friendly manner ; e. g., lauden» 
alicui) : tribuero (to give in a just or judi- 
cious manner; e. g., alicui priores partes) : 
assignare (to point out to each his portion , 
e. g., nailitibus agros : used, also, of dutiet, 
tasks, &c., munus humanum a deo asaig- 
natum dafugere, Cic). 

ALLOTMENT, aasignatio (at^t of allot- 
ting; especially of land to a rolonist) : 
para (portio, in classical Latin, occurs 
only in theformpro portione). Sometimes 
agar, poaaesaio (a jrroperty, possession) : 
quod sorte alicui evenit; quod sortitus 
est (what he has received by lot). ^^^ Aa- 
signatio maybe used for "an allotment;" 
e. g., adimere assignationeai, Ulp., Dig., 
38,4. 

ALLOTTERY. Vid. Allotment. 

ALLOW, Wadmit, in argument, con 
cedere (general term) : confiteri (without 
being convinced) : assantiri (assent to from 
conviction) : dare aliquid (to allow pre- 
viously). Vid. on all these, Cic, Tusc, 1, 
8, 16, and 11, 25. |1 Permit, concedert 



ALLU 

fmottbf on bang entreated : oppoaed to te- 
pagnare) : pennittere (opposed to Tetare : 
permit) : lar^ri (/rom kindness or com- 
plaisance): mcultatem dare, or potesta- 
tem facere alicujas rei : permittere licen- 
tiam, ut, &C. (to put it in ang bodtfs power 
to do it): alicujoa reiTeniam dare, or dare 
banc veniam, ut, &c. (fo show indulgence 
ta any thing). It is aUowed, concessum 
est {general term) : licet (is permitted by 
luatan, law, positive, customary, or tradi- 
tional). Jx. Hcitum concessnmque est : 
fas e«t (by divine laic, including the law 
of conscience). Jn. jus fosque est As 
jar as tie lars allow, quoad per leges li- 
ceat (or Ucltum est, for present time). In 
great danger fear does not allow of any 
compassion, in masno periculo timor mi- 
eericordiam non recipit \\ Suffer, si- 
nere,pati, ferre, &c. Vid. Suffer. \\ Al- 
low one's self any thing or in any 
thing (^zindulge) : obi sumere (of what 
might seem presumptuous) : sibi indulgere. 
IJ Allowed, Ucttns, permissus, concensus. 
\\Allowed-=aeknowledged,cogmti;^pTO- 
batns : spectatoa (proved) : confessus (ac- 
knowledged). A man of allowed integrity, 
vir spectatae integritatis. || To allow (of 
wages), dare alicui mercedem operas : 
mercedem aiicujua constituere (to _fixit 
at so much : the sum being in apposition). 
To allow so much for any thing, pecunias 
ad aliquid decemere (e. g., ad ludos, ./or 
public games) : to allow the expenses of a 
journey, Tiaticum alicui reddere. H To 
allow an excuse (=.acknowledge its 
validity), excusationem, satisfactionem 
accipere : not to allow it, non accipere, 
non probare : to allow a debt, cooliteri ses 
alienum or nomen (acknowledge it). || To 
allow (^=mahe allowance) for any thing 
in a calculation or action (e. gr., for waste 
M selling goods; for the wind in aiming 
at a mark), perhaps aUcujus rei rationem 
habere, tfot to allow for any thing, aii- 
qoid negtigere. To allow something in 
selling, &C., aliquid de summa deducere 
or detrahere: aliquid deducere (not de- 
trahere). 

ALLOWABLE, licitus : concessos. 

ALLOWABLENESS, by cbcl.. to deny 
the allowableness of any thing, rem licitam 
esse n^are. 

ALLOWAXCE, concessio, pennissio 
(m the ablatire, concessu, permissu). 
^Abatement of rigor on any ac- 
eonnt, indulgentia, venia: to make al- 
lowances, concedere, condonare aliquid 
(e. g., aetati alien jus, to pardon any thing 
on account of a person's age). || Accept- 
ance, acceptio. comprobatio. \\An al- 
lowance, alunenta (plural, all that is al- 
lowea J»- my body's support) : cibarium 
(allowance for food) : vestiarium (allow- 
ance for dress) : * quod quia alicui pne- 
8tat: to make any body an allowance for 
food and clothing, alicui prsestare cibari- 
um, vestiarium. To keep on short allow- 
ance, aliquem arete contenteque habere 
(Plata.) : esigue alicui sumtnm praebere. 
\\ Abatement, deductio. 

ALLOY. Vid. Allay. Without al- 
loy, purus, sincerus : in metals also soii- 
duB. 

ALLOY, v., vitiare, depravare : adulte- 
rare (to corrupt by mixing what is spuri- 
ous or bad wiih what is genuine ; e. g., 
nummos). 

ALLSPICE, * piper Jamalcum. 

ALLUDE, signincare aliquid or de ali- 
qna re : designare aliquem (oratione sud, 
Ct«.): cavillari aliquid (to allude in a 
bantering manner) : jocari in aliquid (to 
allude playfuUy to; vid. itc, 3C>, M) : 
spec tare, respicere aliquid : corertlv, tecte. 
He alluded often and plainly to his inten- 
tion not to, &C., mnltas nee dubias si^nifi- 
cationes 8«epe jecit. ne, Sec. (Suet. JVer~37). 

E.-Mludere alicui rei is unclassical 
id only in VaL Mai.) : innuere not 
I in this sense. 
ALLURE^ allicgre, aDectare. Jn. invi- 
tare et allectare ; allectare et invitare : all 
aliquem ad aliquid: illicere or pellicere 
aliquem in or ad aliquid: inescare (at- 
tract by a bait) : illecebris trahere. To 
allure by promises, promissis inducere. 

ALLURE, s., esca, illecSbra (pnjper 
a»<i iatproper) : cibus ad frandem tdicnjus 



ALMS 



AL80 



podtas (Lie.), also from eontezt, dbus ' emendicareab aliqao: to live on alms. 



only. To take by an allure, cibio inescare. 
A bird u.*ed as an allure is illex. 

ALLURE.MENT, i|<«acrto»: allecta- 
tio (QuinL, Inst, 1, 10, 32). \\As thing: 
invitamentum : incitamentum. Allure- 
ments, illecebrs : sometimes blandimenta. 
Allurements to sensual pUasures, also le- 
nocinia. 



ALLURER, alleAor (OoL) : illex (a gere, largin. 



alieni misericordielvivere; mendicantcic 
vivere (Plaut., by begging for alms); 
stipe precarid victitare (Ammian., 'X, 10) : 
to live by any body's alms, * ope abcnjua 
eustencatum virere: to hold out onis 
hand for an aim, manum ad etipem por- 
rigere (Sen.). 
ALMS-DEED. Cbcl. by atipem spar 



bird used as a lure by fowlers : figuratite- 
ly, a misleader, &C., PlauL, AppuL). 

ALLURING, blandus : dulcis. 

ALLURINGLY, blande. 

ALLURtNGXESS, iBecebrse; blandi- 
menta (plural). 

.\LLUSION, significatio (also in plural, 
as Suet. iVer., 37, Bremi). 

ALLUVIAL, ) fluminibns assestus 

ALLUVIOU3, i (PUny) : aflnvius 
(Var.): per alluvionem adjectus (Gai., 
Dig.) : qui flumiuum alluvie concrevit 
(Col.), accrevit (Gai.). 

ALLU\^ON, alluvies: fluminum allu- 
vies (CoL): alluvio. 



ALMS-GmiR, *qai stipem confert in 
egentes. 

ALMS-HOUSE, ptochotrophium, pto- 
chium (Cod., Just., 1, 2, 15, and 19; 1, 3, 
33). 

ALMS-M.\N, * qui aliend misericordia 
vivit; qui mendicans vivit: mendicus 
(beggar) : planus (vagrant). 

ALMUG-TREE, Santalum album or 
Pterocarpus Sandalinus (sandal-tree). 

ALOES, aloe, es. || .^gallocha excaj- 
caria; agallochum (a tree of which the 
bark and wood are iwuf as perfumes in the 
Easty 

ALOFT, sublime Qa sublime, post-AK- 



ALLY, Wjoin one thing to anoth- '-gustan): to be borne or carried aloft, suh- 
er, conjungere aliquid cum aliqud re: ; linieferri(qfZ»rin^erBatitre»ajM/tAin^?) : 
adjungere aliquid alicui rei, or ad aliquid | sublimem abire (of tiving things) : pennia 
(both proper and improper) : copulare aH- ; sublime ferri, pennia or alia se levare (of 
quid cum aUqud re (join fast, unite as if j birds). 

by a band, thong, &c., fgurazively) : con- ALONE, adj., solus: unns (opposed to 
nectere aliquid cum aliqua re (connect as , several or all^my single self; by myself; 
tf by a tie or knot: figuratively, e.^~,oneD.- I for which also solus, unus solus): ring 
tem et occidentem; amicitiam cum to- arbitris,remotisarbitns(iritftoiuvi(iusae*, 
luptate). W Unite or league one's spectators. Sec). To be alone, solum ease. 



self with, se jnngere, conjuUirere cum al- 
iquo (join : generally) : societatem inire, 
coire, facere cum aliquo (enter into a com- 
pany, league. Sec.) : foedus facere (of an 



secom esse (without any companion or at- 
tendant) : sine arbitris esse. To like to 
be alone, secretum captare (in Silver Age). 
One who likes to be alone, solitarius. To 



actual alliance) : by marriage, matrimonio ! let any body alone, sinere aliquem. To 
aliquem secom jnngere. \lTo be al- \ let any thing alone, omittere aliquid : ali 
lied, fcedere conjnngi cum aliquo. || = ; quid non &cere. Let me alone, sine me ; 
to be akin to, Sec. Vid. Allied. 1|Fig. j noB me turbare: omitte me. 

ALLY, Eociua : foederatus. To be any . ALONE, adv., solum, tantum. Sot — 
body's ally, foedere or societate et fcedere J tUone, but, non tantum (or solum) — eed 
jungi alicui ; socium alicui esse. To pro- : etiam. Vid. Only. 



ALONG, prep., sectmdum (with accusa 
tive). Along the coast, praeter oram : to sail 
along the coast, oram praetervohl : to sail 
dose along the shore, oram, terram legere. 
\\ Along with, una cum, or cum only. 
II To go along with, vid. -\ccompaxy. 

ALONG, adv., porro, protinus (for- 
ward, on). To drive a herd along, ar- 
mentum porro agere. Get along with 
you, abi ! apage te"! amove te hinc \\All 
along, semper, Sec Md. Ai.way3. 

ALOOF, procnl (opposed to jasta, at \ 
some distance, but mostly within sight: 
longe it of a greater distance, mostly out 
of sight). II To stand aloof from any 
thing, aliquid non attingere (e. g., negotia, 
rempubKcam, &c.) : ab aliqua re se re- 
movers or sevocare ; ab aliqud re rece- 
dere (aH three of withdrawing from what 
one has hitherto been engaged in). Ti 
stand aloof from each of two parties, neu- 



cure allies, socios sibi adsciscere. 

ALMANAC, tasti; ephemeria: calen- 
darium (late, Inscript., Grut., 133. In 
Jurists a debt-book ; post-Augustan, Sen.). 

ALMIGHTIXESS, omnipotentia (Ma- 
crob.) : * potentia omnibus in rebus max- 
ima. 7%e aUnightiness of God, pra:-pdtens 
Dei natura. 

ALMIGHTY, cujxis numini parent om- 
nia: rerum omnium prsepotens (Cic); 
omnipotens (poetic, Virg.). God is al- 
mighty, * nihil est, quod Deus eflScere non 
possit. 

ALMOND. (A) PROPS., as fruit: 
amygdala, amygdatusi (with the shell) : 
nucleus amygdilaB (the kernel). As adjec- 
tive, axajsdaiiima. (B) iarpBOPE.^fo»- 
sil, tonsilla. 

ALMOND-MILK, *lac amygdalinum. 

ALMOND-OIL, oleum amygdalinum; 
or oleum ex amygdaUs expressum. 

ALMOND-TART, * panificiiun amyg- j tri parti fevere : from' parties generally, 
dalinum. I ab omni partium studio alienum esse. 

! AT r^JTT\ -1 . _1 a /_ _ 



ALOUD, clare : clar& voce (e. g., le- 
gere : vivA voce is unclassical) : masna 
or summa voce (with a very loud voice). 

ALPHABET, alpha et beta (e. g., dis- 
cere, to learn his A, B, C, Juv. : alpha- 
betun, EccL.) : literarum nomina et con- 
teT.tas (the names and order of the letters : 



ALMOND-TREE, amygdalus ; amyg- 
dala. 

ALMONER, * qui est principi or regi 
(as the case may be) a largitionibus. 

ALMOST, prope, paene (almost, nearly, 
biit not quite) : fere, ferme (with omnes, 
&c : prope, paene, make a positive asser- 
tion ; fere, ferme, decline doing this ; it i L n. et contextum discere, Quint') : nni- 
being either enough for the speaker's pur- [ na et viginti formas literarum (tie shapes 
pose, or all that his knowledge alloics him l of the S. letters of the Raman alphabet, 
to do, to state that the assertion is at least Cic) : Uterarum ordo (Plin.). 
approximately or generally true) : tantum ALPHABETICAL, in literas digestus : 
non (jidvov ov, SXiyov cti: an elliptical . * literarum ordine dispositus. An alpha- 
form used by Livy and later writers, z^ I betical list of rivers, amnium in literas di- 
"only this is wanting, that not," Sec): 
propemSdum (what is not far removed 
from the right measure : '' almost u^at it 
should be"). When, almost^^'' within 
a little," it may be translated fry baud 
mnltum or non longe afiut, quin, &c. (not 
ut) ; prope erat or factum e^t, ut, ifcc : 
propius nihil factum est, quam ut. Sec I 
almost believe, non longe abcst (not ab- 
sum) quin credam : the left wing was al- 
most defeated, prope era: ut sinistmm 
comu peUeretur. 

ALMS, stips (as a gift) : beneficium 
(as a good deed). To give alms, stipem 
spargere, largiri : to collect alms, stipem 
coger^ colligere : to beg for alms, stipem 



gesta nomina (Vib. Seq.). To explain any 
thing in alphabetical order, aliquid litera- 
rum ordine explicare. 

ALPHABETICALLY, Kterarum ordi- 
ne. To arrange any thing alphabetically, 
aliquid in literas digerere. 

ALPINE, Alpinui. Alpine tribes, Alpi- 
ci (Sep., Bonn.), Alpinas or Inalpinae gen- 
tes: Inalpini (populi). 

ALPS, Alpes, ium. Living or situated 
at the foot of the A'ps, subalpinus : on this 
side the Alps, cisalpinus : on the other side 
the Alps, transalpinus. 

ALRE.4DY, jam: jam jam (stronger 
than jam). 

ALSO, etiam, quoque (quoqne, which 
23 



AL TE 

alteaijs follown its word, is merely a copu- 
lative particle, and can 07ily render a 
tingle notion prominent : etiam is a ug- 
mentalive, it enhances what has been 
said ; it can also relate to-a whole sentence). 
The pronoun idem is used where different 
properties are attributed to the same sub- 
ject or object. Musici quondam iidem 
poetw (were also poets) : et ipse (when 
what is asserted of the person or thing in 
question is at the same lime asserted, by im- 
plication, of other persons or things. 
r>ariu3 qtium vinci suos videret, mori 
voluit et ipse, 1. e., as well as they, or 
with them): item (in like manner ; like- 
wise; just so: augur cum fratre item 
aiiMre : Htera3 — a patre vehemontos, ab 
amicis item): prsterca, insuper (be- 
sides ; moreover). J^^^^" Nee non in the 
prose of the Golden Age connects sentences 
only, not nouns. On the occasional use of 
et for etiam (in Cic), vid. Hand's Tur- 
SELLiNus. \\And also, et etiam, et 
quoque (generally with a word between ; 
else atqiie etiam should be used). 

ALTAR, ara (general term, whether 
made of stone or of earth, turf, &c.) : alta- 
ria, ium (a high altar: an ara, with an 
apparatus for bitrnt-offerings : altare, al- 
tiirium, in singular, belong to a later 
age). A little altar, ariila : to build an al- 
tar, aram statuere (general term), deo fa- 
cere aram (to a deity). To dedicate an al- 
tar, aram dicare, cousecrare (Cic). To 
swear before an altar, aram tenentem ju- 
rare (the pa-son who swore, touched the al- 
tar). To make any body swear before an 
altar, altaribus admotum jurejurando adi- 
ffore aliquem. To jly to the altars, ad (in) 
arsis conlugore : to drag from the altars, 
al) ipsis aris detrahere : and slay, ab alta- 
ribus ad necem transferre. The sacra- 
ment of the altar, * coena Domini ; * coena 
or meusa sacra ; eucharistia (Eccl.). Vid. 
Sacrament. 

ALTAR-CLOTH, * tegmen altarium. 

ALTER, TRANS., mutarc : commutare 
(aliquid in aliqiia re, of a thing that exists 
independently, as a house, &c. : de aliqul, 
re, of what does not exist independently, as 
manners, customs, &c.) : immutare (too.s«- 
ly of an entire change) : gubmutare (of a 
partial change) : novare (to give any thing 
a new shape) : emendare, corrigere (im- 
prove by an alteration ; emendare may be 
said of removing one or more errors, cor- 
^ rigere of making what was altogether bad 
good) : variare (to vary by changing ; e. 
g., fortunam, animos, &c.) : invertere (to 
turn round: give a wrong turn to ; e. g., 
corrupt the character) : interpolare (to 
falsify any thing by altering its appear- 
ance). T'o alter any thing written, a speech. 
Sic, orationem, &,c., rcscribere : a will, 
testamentam mutare (general term) : tes- 
tamentum rescindere (to cancel it ; of the 
testator: testamentum resignare is, to 
open a wilt) : to alter a line of march, iter 
or viam llectere ; iter convertere : a plan, 
consilium mutare or commutare : one's 
life, manner of life, morum institutorum- 
que mutationera facere (opposed to insti- 
tuta sua tenere) : one's custom, consuetu- 
dinem mutare : one's disposition, novum 
sibi induere ingenium (Liv., ,3, 33) : one's 
character, morum mutationem or com- 
mutationem facere (general term) — mon-s 
emendare (for the better) ; mores inver- 
tere (for the worse) : what can still be al- 
tered, quod integrum est: what is done 
can not he altered, factum infectum fieri 
non potest (Tac.). \\ To be altered. 
Vid. Alter, intr. 

ALTKR, INTR., mutari : commutari : 
Immutari (Syn. in preceding word) : van- 
are (to change backward and forward; es- 
pecially of the weather) : converti (to 
change round, whether for better or for 
iDorsc: of fortune, plans, &c.): to change 
(of men, their characters, &c.) : se inver- 
tere (for the worse) : in melius mutari, ad 
bonam frugem se recijiere (for the better). 
Vid., also, to alter the character, in Alter, 
trans. Not to alter, sibi constare, a so 
non decedere. He has not alt(Te.d, non 
alius est ac f'uit ; est idem qui fuit sem- i 
per: antiquum obtinet. He is quite al- \ 
tared, commutatus est totus. You must 
hegin to-day to be an altered man, hie dies 
'JA 



AL TH 

aliam vitam defert, alios mores postulat 
(Ter.). Men are altered, homines ifiii facti 
sunt. Times and opinions are altered, 
magna facta est rerum et animorum 
commutatio. Every thing is altered, ver- 
sa sunt omnia. Which can not now be al- 
tered, quod non integrum est. 

ALTERABLE, mutabilis, commataoiiis 
(unstable, changeable) ; qui mutari, com- 
mutari, &c., potest. 

ALTERATION, mutatio: commutatio: 
immutatio : conversio (Syn. s. verbs un- 
der Alter, trans.): varietas, vicissitudo 
(the first more accidental, the last regular). 
Alteration of the weather, coeli varietas : 
alterations of fortune, fortunie vieissitu- 
dines. Alteration of opinion, mutatio sen- 
teuticB : receptus sententi* (retractation) : 
to make an alteration, mutationem or 
commutationem alicujus rei facere [vid. 
Alter, trans.'\ : to cause an alteration, 
commutationem alicui rei aft'erre : to un- 
dergo or be subject to an alteration, muta- 
tionem habere : to plan or endeacor to ef- 
fect an aUeratinn, mutationem moliri. Aii 
alteration of circumstayices is taking place, 
commutatio rerum accidit. Alteration 
of color, mutatio coloris : of plan, con- 
silii : of the state of things, rerum con- 
versio. 

ALTERCATION, altercatio (a contest 
of words with more or less of heat) : jur- 
gium (an angry quarrel conducted with 
abusive words, when neither party will li.^t- 
en to reason). To have an altercation with 
any body, altercari cum aliquo ; verbis 
cum aliquo concertare ; jurgio certare 
cum aliquo: to begin an altercation, al- 
tercari incipere (cum aliquo) ; causam 
jur^ii inferre. / get into an altercation 
teith any body, oritur mihi (de aliqua re) 
altercatio cum aliquo. A great part of 
the day was taken up by an altercation be- 
tween Lentulus and Caninius, dies magna 
ex parte consumtus altercafiono Lentuli 
et Caninii. Altercations took place in the 
senate, altercationes in scnatu factse (C/'c). 
No altercation ever took place with greater 
clamors, nulla altercatio clamoribus habita 
majoribus (Cic). 

ALTERNATE, v., alternare (cum ali- 
quo) : alternare vices (Ov.) : aliquid ali- 
qua re variare (e. g., otium labore ; labo- 
rem otio). 

ALTERNATE, adj., alternus. Altern- 
ate acts of kindness, mutua officia: bene- 
ficia ultro citroque data et accepta. || On 
alternate days, alternis diebus. Alternate 
angles, *aneuli sibi oppositi. 

ALTERNATELY, alternis (ablative of 
the adjective: Varr., not Cic, one after the 
other) : in vicem, per vices (when several 
follow immediately after others) : f^" vi- 
cissim (in turti ; on the other hand) does 
not belong here: and vicibus belongs to 
poetni and late-prose: mutuo is "recipro- 
cally," " mutually." 

ALTERNATION, altcmatio (post-clas- 
sirat) : vices (plural), vicissitudo : permu- 
tatio (change): varietas. Alternations of 
fortune, fortuna) vieissitudines, varietas : 
of the seasons, temporum vicissitudo, va- 
rietas : of day and night, vieissitudines j 
dierum, noctiumque ; vieissitudines di- ! 
urnffl nocturnaique (Cic). | 

ALTERNATIVE. Thercisnowordfor 
it ; but the notion may be expressed in 
various ways. " Peace or war is our only 
alternative," inter bellum et pacem nihil 
medium est (Cic). "Either he must be ', 
punished by the state, or we enslaved : there 
is no otiier alternative," resin id discrinicn 
adducta est, utrum ille poenas reipublicro 
luat, an nos serviamus (Cic). To offer 
any body an alternative, * geminam con- 
dicionom alicui proponore. 

ALTHOUGH, esti (="even if," the 
cn7icession made is here simply a supposi- 
tion : if considered as really existing, the 
indicative is used ; if merely as possible, 
the subjunctive) : cti'amsi (a fuller and 
stronger etsi = "yea, even if," "even if." 
Etiarasiand etsi differ nearly as'Hhoug h" 
and "although"): tamen etsi or tametsi 
(gives prominence to the improbability 
of the coexistence of the supposition and 
tile asserted consequence : it is often follow- 
ed by tamen, which hat then the force of 
"yet nevertheless quamquam (= 



AL W A 

"however much" the supposition reaUj 
exists : the real existence of the supposition 
being granted, it takes the indicative in the 
best writers) : quamvis ("however muck" 
you, the person addressed, may possibly 
imagine the concession, to exist really: 
hence in -^ic. only with the subjunctive) : 
Cg=^quamquara and quamvis can only 
be used with adjectives, adverbs, and verbs, 
whose notion can be supposed to exist in a 
heightened degree of intensity : licet ( = 
"granted the tiling be so:" " let it be 
so, if you like:" allowing a supposition, 
the correctness of which the speaker does 
not in any degree maintain him- 
self, but allows the person addressed to 
maintain if he pleases: it is an impersonal 
verb, and takes the subjunctive governed by 
ut omitted. It may occur in other tenses ; 
thus, detrahat auctori multum fortuna 
lice bit: and Cic. has quamvis licet, N. 
£>., 3, 36 ; Tusc, 4, 24). Obs. " Though" 
correcting or limiting a previous state- 
ment, or adding to it some circumstance 
to be kept in view in the application of it, 
is quamquam, less frequently etsi ; the 
conjunction standing at the head of a sen- 
tence, which is then more than a mere sub- 
ordinate clause. Thus, confer te ad Man- 
Hum : infer patriie bellum. Quam- 
quam quid ego te invitem, &c.? (Cic). 
Do, do, poenas temeritatis niea3 : etsi 
qua3 fuit ilia temeritas ! (Cic). Quum 
(with subjunctive, properly denotes the co- 
existence of two apparently inconsistent 
states. Sec). Ut has also the meaning of 
although (ut desint vires, tamen est 
laudanda voluntas, Ov.), and nc of "al- 
though — not" (e. g., ne sit summum 
malum dolor, malum certe est, Cic). 

ALTITUDE, altitudo : excelsiUis : sub- 
limitas (all three properly and figuratively) t 
proceritas (properly, " talbiess," height in 
reference to growth. Vid. Syn. in High) : 
elatio (figuratively, elevation ; e. g., animi). 
II Altitude of a mountain, altitudo or ex- 
celsitas mentis ; or, if the highest point 
is meant, fastigium. 

ALTOGETHER, || completely. Sec, 
prorsns (opposed to "in some degree," or 
"almost ;" quite, without exception) : om- 
nino (opposed to magna ex parte, &c. : com- 
pletely, quite; also "altogether"=inone 
lot [e. g., vendere], opposed to separatim, 
Plin.) : plane (quite : opposed to pcene : e. 
g.. plane par : vix — vel plane nuUo modo, 
Cic) : in or per omnes partes : per omnia 
(/re every respect) : penitus (through and 
through; thoroughly; quite; c. g., amit- 
tere, perspicere, cognosse, &c., opposed to 
magna ex parte, and to "superficially") : 
funditus (from the foundations ; vtterly : 
especially with verbs of perishing, destroy- 
ing, overthrowing, defeating, rejecting, de- 
priving). Altogether or in great measure, 
omnino ant magna ex parte. With refer- 
ence to aperson, altogether may be trans- 
lated by the adjective totus. " He is alto- 
gether made up of falsehood and deceit,'" 
totus (>x fraudo et mendacio factus est 
W^all together; cuncti (all collected 
together : opposed to dispersi) : universi 
(all taken together, wherever they may 
chance to be: ojrposed to singuli). || 7« 
all, omnino (e. g., omnino ad ducentos, 
Cic.) : .'Sometimes in summd (Drusus erat 
— absolutus ; in summa quatuor senten- 
tiis, Cic). 

ALUAI, alumen. Containing or im- 
pregnated with alum, aluminatus, alu- 
minosus. One engaged in jrrocuring or 
preparing alum, aluminarius (Inscr.). 
Alum-wfiter. aqua aluminata. 
ALUMINOUS, aluminatu." : aluminosus. 
ALWAYS, semper (opposed to nun- 
quam) : usque (always, within a drfinite 
limit : somiKT represents time as a space; 
usque as a continuing line: semper =r 
omni tempore : usque = nullo tempore 
intcrraisso ; continenter) : perpctuo (of 
vninterruptcd continuance to the end of a 
space of time). || With superlatives al- 
ways is tran.«latcd by quisque : "the best 
things are always the rarest," optimum 
quidque rarissimum est. || Sometimes al- 
ways is used hiiperbolically for "nearly 
always," "mostly." it may then be trans- 
lated by plerumque, or by a periphra.sis 
with Bolere. He always arrives ten late, 



AMB E 

ptenunqne aero venit / always takt a 
walk at tku time, hoc tempore ambulare 
e<deo. But l^" this viay sametiausbe OT' 
yntttd by ike simpU present or imperfect ; 
e. z^ post cibum meridianum — paoUisper 
conquiescebat : tobealwaifsatapiace,{re- 
qaentem esse aliqao loco : assidaiuii esse 
^quo loco or circa locum. 
AM. Vid. Be. 

AMAIN, vehementer; Talde ; graviter; 
acriter ; acerbe : concente. 

AMALG.i-MATE. The nearest verit are 
temperare, miscere, commiscere (aH- 
quid). 

A.M.\LGAM.\TIOy. The nearest nouns 
are mistio (P'ifr.), conunixtio {Cat.')- 

AMANCEN'SIS, amanuensis {Silver 
Age) : a manu (sc. servos) : Ubrarius (a 
copier of books : bat also one employed in 
otker lands of writing: a secretary, &c.) : 
Bcriba (one wko hold the office of scribe, 
whHker a* apmilie oJUltr, or tit the service 
ofapriMce} : ab epistolis (sc serrns : tke 
slave to wham tke master dictated kis let- 
ters). To be any bodtfs aman uensis, alicui 
a manu es^e : alicui ab epistolis esse. 
AMAR.\NTH, amarantus. 
AMAJUTUDE, amaritudo. 
AMASS, acervare: concervare ((omake 
a keap of any thing ; to keap togelker) : 
agverare, exaggerare (to keap up kigh, 
post-Augustan in prose) : cumnlare, ac- 
cnmulaiie (tke Jirst to heap up to the full 
measure ; to k^p up muck : tke latter, to 
keqr adding to a keap; cumnlare also 
\xop-, to go on increasing any iking) : 
augere (to increase): addere aUqoid sji- 
cui rei (U) add something to any tking). 
To amass treasures, opes esasgerare. 
A>L\SS, X., accumulatio : coacerratio. 
AMATORY, amatorius. 
AMAUROSIS, " amaurods (o^oA^wv 
oitavpijiatf). 

AMAZE, in stuporem dare ; obstupe- 
fiuxre : alicujus mentem animumque 
perturbare; inperturbationeniconjicere; 
constemare: percutere (not percellere). 
ii To BE AMAZED, obstupesccre, and tke 
yossire of tke rerbs above : stupere ; ali- 
cujus animnm stupor tenet To be sore 
am-ized at any thing, aliqua re exani- 
mituinesse. y:=to be astonisked at. 
Vid. Astonish. 
AM.4ZE, s. Vid. Amazement. 
AMAZEDLY, "^ stupentis in modum : 
OT by partitives of perturbare, «fcc. 

ASLVZED, stupens, obstupefactus : ad- 
mirans : adniiratus (asumished at). 
A>LVZEDN"ESS. Vid. Amazejiest. 
AM.\ZEMENT, stupor : admiratio (as- 
tonishment, wonder). To fU witk amaze- 
ment, rid. AxAZE, verb. 

AM.\Z[NG, stapendus : admirabiUs (as- 
toaisking ; e. g„ andacia) : minis, per- 
mirus (wonderful) : ingens, immanis (m- 
atiuse) : immanes pecuniae (an amazing 
sum of money). 

AM.\ZINGLY, stupendum in modum: 
valde : rehementer. 

AMAZON, Amazon, plural .^mazones : 
IXPB., muUer or virgo bellicosa, animosa, 
fortis, Su:. 

AMAZONIAN, Amazonicns : poetical- 
ly, Amazonius. 

AMBAGE.S, ambages (only in ablatiee 
mngular: plural complete. Gdl. um). 
A.MBAGIOUS, ambagiosus (GtlL). 
AMBASSADOR, legatus. Ambassador 
to treat for a peace, orator pacis or pacis 
petendae (v. (^ De R^., 2, 8; Lie, 36, 
27) : * legatus pacificatum or ad pacifi- 
candum missus (cff Lie, 5, 23; 7, 40). 
To be an ambassador, lesatum esse : lega- 
tionem gerere, administrare : Icgatione 
fungi: to send ambassadors, lesatos mit- 
tere ; also mittere only, witk <nu(and sub- 
^uHCtiee) : to send ambassadors to any 
body, legatos ad aliquem mittere : any 
body as ambassador to any body, aliquem 
kgatum mittere, or aliquem lesare ad ali- 
quem (de aliqud re, if tie purpose is ex- 
pressed). 

AMB.\SS.\DRES3,qu!Bmissaest: ora- 

trix : uxor legati (if eunbassadors wife is 

meant). 

AMB.A33AGE, Jlegatio. Vid. Esibas- 

AMBASSY, 3 ST. 

AMBER, succinum: electrum (r*- for- 

wter the Latin name ; tke latter borrowed 



AMBR 

from Ae Greek: gjeeom wa» «Ct name ' 
among tke Germans DiUtey, Tac, Germ., 
40,6). As adjective, succineiis. 
AMBERGRIS, .imbaram, Ambra (ATro/i 

and Forbiger). \ 

AMBER-SEED, ) * amomum granum j 
AMBER-TREE. J Paradisi (Xirni.). : 
AMBIDEXTER, aequimanus (Aitson., S 
Beda, On.h^ -232}, Plin.). Tke Gredt ay.- i 
^iciifi, -tptci\ioi, migkt be used infamil- | 
iar style. Tkus(jiguratu>ely): "ntjriane i 
Homerica appellatione xtptiiitoy, vi est ; 
SBquimanum te pronuntiem,'* Sym- 
mach, Ep„ 9, 101 (110) : dexter, vafer, Ac 
IIGtren to double-dealing, homo In- 
linguis (double-tongued) : temporom mol- 
tornm homo (Curt., 5,3, 4: a te mp o iite rf 
time-server) : pneraricator (as a lawyet). 

AMBIDEXTERITY. rtpiit^ioTtfi, nt 

Graeco verbo utar: vafrities, &c. || Skuf- 

fling conduct, praeraricatio (of a hao- 

yer). 

ASrarDEXTRODS. Vid. Axbidkx- 

TKB. 

AMBIENT, qui cingit, drcumfunditur, 
Sx. Tke ambient air, circumfiisus nobis 
aer. 
AMBIGU, farraso. 

AMBIGUITY, ambignitas (general term, 
▼erborum, &c.) : amphibotia (diiftSoXia, 
in rhetoric). A playful or ironical ambi- 
guity, suspicio ridictili abscondita (Cic, 
D* Or.. 2, 59, 278). 

AMBIGCOUS, amlHgmis (e. g., ansicer, 
lespoosnm, that admits of two or more in- 
terpretations : words, yerba; and fig. = 
not to be <ri(stc<i,iiigeBium, fides, Jcc.): 
anceps (proposition hating two keads: 
kence watering between two directions; 
what kasa double or doubtful sense: orac- 
nhim, responsmn) : dobios (doubtful, in- 
determinate). Jn. dubins et quasi duplex 
(e. g., words, verba) : flexildquus (speak- 
ing wkat admits of two meanings). Jn. 
flexiloquus et obscuros (e. g., oracle, orac- 
nltmi, (Sc, De Div., 2, 56, 115). An am- 
biguous declaration, ex ambiguo dictum : 
a wutn of ambiguous duiracter. homo am- 
bigui ingenii, ambigod fide. To retttrn an 
ambiguous answer, ambigne respondere: 
nihil certi respondere. 

AMBIGUOUSLY, ambigue. \\ = witk 
ambijruous faiik, ambigua fide. 

AMBIT, ambitus (us). 

AJVIBITION. ambitio : studium laudis : 
stndium cupiditasque honorum : cupiJo 
honoris or famse : aviditas or avaritia 
gioris : testus quidam gloris : sitis {amsi 
(t). Sometimes fromtkecontf3t,s\oTi&only 
may do. alicnjus gloriae favere (Cic). To 
be impelled by anHtition, gloria duci : to be 
possased, etuhraOed, Scic-, by ambition, am- 
bitione teneri : to hum with ambition, am- 
bitione accensom esse or flagrare. He 
allowed kimselfto be hurried atcati by his 
ambition, earn absorbnit sstus quidam 
gloriffi : or quasi quidam awtus gloriaa 
abripuit; atque in altum abstraxit. 

AMBITIOUS, ambitiosus: avidus gloriae 
or laudis : cupidus honorum : laudis et 
honoris cupidus : appetens gloris : sitiens 
fem» (t). To be ambitious, lau^iis studio 
trahi: glorid ducL To be ambitious of 
any thing, alicujus rei desiderio incen- 
sum esse or flagrare: aliquid ardenter 
cupere. 

AMBITIOUSLY, ambitiose (e. g.. petene 
aliquid). 

AMBITIOU3NESS. Vid. AwBmoN. 

AMBLE, v., tolutim incedere (I'arr. 
ap. Ifon., 4, 13: tolutim incursxis carpere, 
Plin., 8, 42. 67, is d mere conjecture). An 
ambling korse or nag, equus tolutarius 
(Sen., Ep.. 67, 9) : equus gradarius (Ludl. 
ap. Non.) : equus, cut non v^g-aris in 
cursu gradus, sed mollis alterco crumm 
explicatu glomeratio (Plin., 8, 42, 67, 
end). 

A.MBLE, «., ambulatura (=" gradus 
minutus et creber et qui sedentem delec- 
tet et erigat," VegeL. 6. 6, 6. Sec.) : gradus 
tolutilis ( I'arr. ap. yon., IT. 26) : mol- 
lis altemo crurum explicitu glomeratio 
(Plin., B, 42, 67. end) : incessus gradarius 
(Kraft and Forbiger). 

AMBLER. Vid. '-Ambling horstT in 
Amble, v. 

A.MBLINGI,Y, tolutim. 

AMBROSIA, ambrosia. \\Name of* 



AME N 

plant, KcahToan. Chenopodiam BotiT* 
(Linn.). According to othars,1ke af£f!>oit 
of Dioscorides is Artemisia arborescens. 

•AMBROSIAL, ambrosius (t) ; ambro- 
siacus (Plin.). 

AM BR Y, armarium (cupboard or dosel) : 
armarium promptnariom (Cato). 

AMBS-ACE. perkaps venus. To throw 
ambs-ace, venerem jacere. 
AMBULATION, ambulatio. 
AMBULATORY, ambulatoriua (mojs 
able : of machines. Sec. : e, g., turres : also 
tkat serve for wal.iing on : porticus am- 
bolatoria, LIp.Diir.). 
AMBURY. vomica. 
AMBUSCADE. Vid. .\xbush. 
AMBUSH, insidiae (both tke place and 
the men) : locus insidiamm (fke place) : 
latebne (larhing-place ;e.s-,ofa murder- 
er) : to lay an imbttsh, insidias locare, col- 
locare, ponere: inmdia.s disponere (in 
different place*; e. g., sihrestribus locis) : 
to place or pott men in ambush, m insidiis 
locare, coBocare : in insidiis disponere (if 
indifferent places) : to lie in ambu^, in in- 
sidiis esse or subastere : to rise, Sec., from 
on^s ambush, ex imaHiia consurgere ; ex 
inridiis or latebris exsihre : to draw into 
an ambusk, ahquem in insidias trahere or 
perducere ; aliquem in jnairiiag jndncere: 
to fall into an ambusk, in insi diaa tncidere , 
insidias intrare ; insidiis drcnmreniri 
AMBUSHED, in insidiis collocatos. Sec 
A>IBUSHMENT. Vid. Ambc^h. 
AMBUST. ambustus. 
AMBUSTION, ambustio (Plin.). 
AMEL. Vid. E.vamei.. 
A5IELIORATE. meUus facere aliquid. 
AMELIORATION, cbci_ by meUus fa- 
cere. 

AMEN ! ita fiat ! ratum esto ! • dixi (at 
tke end of a speech) -. amen (as technicai 
term, "Et responsuris ferit aera vocibus 
amen," Auson.^ Eph. in Orat., end. Pru- 
dent). 

AMENABLE, cm ratio reddenda est; 
qui ahqnid tirsstare debet: to a law, lege 
^quA teneri ; legem aHqnam conserrare 
debere ; legi ahem parere. Sec, debere : 
to tke authority, rule. Sec, of any body, sub 
alicujus jus et jorisdictionem subjunctns 
(Cic, Bull., 2, 36, 96). 

AMEND, TBAXS., melius facere or effi- 
cere (to wtake better) : corrigere (to correct 
or imp rove a whole that is defective, not 
right. Sec) : emendare (to free any thing 
fromfaaUs). J jf. corrigere et emendare ; 
emendaTe et corrigere. To amend on^s 
ways, mores corrigere or emendare. Ix- 
TRANS-, llta grow better in health, 
meliorem fieri ; ex morbo convalescere : 
ex incommoda valetudine emcrgere. / 
am beginning to amend, meliuscnle est 
mihL HTo improve: of fortune. Sec. 
^My fortune amends?' (Sid.), mem res stmt 
mehore loco. °|| Witk respect to morals, 
mores snos mutare ; in viam redire : ad 
▼irtntem redire or revocari; ad bonam 
frogem se recipere. 

AMENDE (French), multa or mclcta. 
Vid. AxENDS. 

AMENDMENT, || correction, correc- 
tio : emendatio. Jjr. correctio et emen- 
datio (Stn. in Amend, trans.). \\ Im- 
provement in a sick person's health, 
conralescentia (SymmS) : a considerable 
amendment kas taken place, inclinata jam 
in metins »gri raletndo est ; aegrotus eon- 
valescit \\Of circumstances, *melior 
rerum conditio. || Of morals, mores 
emendatiores : vita emendatior (Clp. 
Dig.). 

AMENDER, corrector : emendator. 
Jx. corrector et emendator (SrN. in 
.4men-d. trans.). 

AMENDS, compensatio : satisfactio 
(what satisfies an injured person) : expia- 
tio (atonement for a crime; sceleris. rupti 
feederis, Sec). To make amends for any 
tking, aliquid compensare : satisfacere 
alicui (to give any body satisfaction) : ex- 
piare aliquid (of making amends for a 
crime : by any thing, aliqud re. Also, ex- 
piare ahquem ahqi^ re) : to any body by 
any th ing, ahqaid alicui compensare ah- 
qua re : far an injury sufered or loss sus- 
tained, ahcni damnum restitaere. damnum 
pr»stare : to make one's self amends for a 
lost sustained, d^mnnm or detrimentum 
25 



AMNE 

Barcirc or resarcire ; damnum compcn- ' 
Bare (aliqu4 re). To accept amends for 
any thing, satisfactionem accipere pro 
aliqua re. To seek amends, res repetere 
{not only of the Fetialis, or Roman offi.cer 
who demanded restitution from a state, but 
also of a purchaser of damaged goods, i 
&c., claiming his m,oncy back). \\ Recom- 
pense. Vid. Reward. 

AMENITY, amoenitas (hortorum, flu- 
minis, orarum et litorum, (fee). 

AMERCE, multare {in any thing, ali- 
qua re) : multam imponere (in aliquem). 
To be amerced, pecunia multari. \\ De- 
prive, rob, privare, spoliare, &c. 
AMERCER, qui multam imponit. 
AMERCEMENT, multa: lis ajstimata 
(the damages fixed according to an estima- 
tion of the injury). 

AMES-ACE. Vid. AMii-^C^. 
AMETHYST, amethystus, /. 
AMETHYSTINE, araethystlnus. 
AMIABILITY, amabilitas {IHaut. and 
late writers) : suavitas (sweetness) : venu3- 
tas (loveliness, attractiveness) : of disposi- 
tion, morum suavitas. 

AMIABLE, amabilis : amandus : amore 
dignus: dignus qui ametur: suavis, dulcis 
(sweet) : venu.stus (lovely). An amiable 
character, mores amabiles. Nothing can 
be more amiable than this man, nihil est 
hoc homine dignius, quod ametur. 
AMIABLENESS. Vid. Amiability. 
AMIABLY, suaviter, blande : amabili- ; 
ter (=: affectionately) has an active sense 
(e. g., amabihter cogitare in aliquem, 
Cic). 

AMICABLE, amicus : benevolus : be- 
nignus, &c. Vid. Friendly. 

AMICABLY, amice : benevole : aman- 
ter : familiariter. To live amicably with 
any body, amice cum aliquo vivere ; fa- 
miliariter uti aliquo : to converse amicably 
with any body, amice, familiariter loqui 
cum aliquo. 

AMICE, amictus (JSccZ. YiA.DuCange 
in Johnson's Vict.). ' 

AMID, Hnter. Amid the tumult, in- 
AMIDST, J tertumultum. Also by in , 
with the adjective medius : in media ah- 
qui re. 

AMISS, adv., perverse : perperam (op- 
posed to recte) : prave. Sometimes secus 
(i. e.| otherwise than the thing should be, 
'han was expected. Sec). To judge or de- 
termine amiss, perperam 3udicare or sta- 
tuere ; prave judicare. 2'o do amiss, pec- 
care, delinquere ; delictum admittere or 
committere: labi, en-are [vid. Sin, v.]. 
It would not be amiss if you were to speak 
with Balbus on this subject, de quo nihil 
nocuerit, si cum Balbo locutus eris. / 
thought it would 7iot be amiss to relate, 
haud ab re duxi, referre, ifcc. : or by cen- 
jere only, followed by subjunctive (with or 
without ut) or by accusative with infinitive. 
Any thing' turns out amiss, res secus cadit ; 
res minus prospere or non ex sententia, 
cadit. To take any thing amiss, aliquid 
perperam interpretari (to put a bad con- 
struction on it) : aliquid in malam partem 
accipere (to take any thing ill, in bad 
part). I take it amiss, that, &c., aigre 
fero, with accusative and infinitive. To 
be somewhai amiss levitcr Eegrotare : levi 
motiuncula tentari (Suet.). 
AMITY. Vid. Friendship. 
AMMONIAC; sal ammoniacus. 
AMMUNITION, instrumentum ct ap- 
paratus belli: arma, tela, cetera qua ad 
bellum gerendum pertinent (after Cic, 
Phil., 11, 12, 30). 

AMMUNITION BREAD, panis mUita- 
ris. 

AMNESTY, venia prsetcritorum : im- 
punitas : tides pulilica (these three mostly 
of amnesty granted to individuals or a 
small number) : oblivio with or without re- 
rum ante actarum or praiteritarum : ob- 
livio, quam Athenicnses ain-rjaTiav vocant 
(Val. Max.): lex, ne quis ante actarum 
rerum accusetur, neve multetur (Nep., 
act of amnesty passed) : pactum abolitionis 
(Quint.). Jn. venia et oblivio; veiiia et 
impunitas; venia et incolumitas. To pro- 
claim a general amnesty, omnium facto- 
tum (Uctorumque veniam et oblivioncm 
in perpetuum sancire. In the hopes of an 
amnesty, spe aboUtionis (Quint.). I'hb. 
2« 



AMPH 

veniam et impunitatem alicui dare ; im- 
punitatem largiri. To bind all parties to 
an amnesty, omnes jurejurando astringere 
discordiarum oblivionem fore. To pray 
for an amnesty, veniam prEeteritorum 
precari. 

AMNICOLIST, amnicola (Ov.). 

AMNIGENOUS, amnigenus (Val. 
Flacc). 

AiMOMUM, amomum. 

AMONG, Hnter. SometimesvcL,a.^\iA. 

AMONGST, i To be reckoned among 
good men, in bonis viris haberi. To reck- 
on among good things, in bonis numerare. 
Apud is used of actions, &c., done among 
certain persons; e. g., tantopere apud 
nostros justitia culta est, ut, &c., Cic. : 
haec apud majores nostros factitata, Cic. 
\\From among, e, ex (e. g., ex cunctis 
aengere;. 

AMORIST, amator: amator mulierum. 
^-•^ 2'hat amator is often =; amator mu- 
lierum (one who must always be in love 
with somebody) is proved by Tusc, 4, 12, 
22 ; Hor., Ep., 1, 1, 38. 

AMOROSO. Vid. next word. 

AMOROUS, amans (really in love with) : 
amore captus or incensus : venereus : 
libidinosus (in bad sense) : amatorius (re- 
lating to love : of things; e. g., voluptas, 
poesis, &c.). To have an amorous look, 
* vultu or oculis amorem prodere or fa- 
teri. 

AMOROUSLY, amatorie (e. g., ama- 
torio scribere). 

AMOROUSNESS, amor (in good 
sense) • amor venereus : libido ; venus 
(in bad sense: of lustful passion). 

AMORT, tristis, mtestus, &c. Vid. Sad, 
Dejected. 

AMORTIZATION, } Nothing nearer 

AMORTIZEMENT. 5 Mare alienatio : 
abalienatio. 

AMORTIZE, in perpetuum alienare 
(Cic). 

AMOVE. Vid. Remove. 

AMOUNT (c), cilicere, also esse : ex- 
plere. What dues the whole amount to ? 
quaa summa est ? quantum est ? To 
amount to a great sum, longam summam 
efficere or conficere. The whole number 
amounted to more than 80,000 men, omnis 
numerus explebat ainphus octoginta mil- 
lia (Veil.). To what does this amount f id 
autem quantiilum est? (the amount being 
smalt). To amount to any thing (=; to 
have it for its result), eo or hue redire 
(Ter., &c.) : hunc adeo exitum habere 
(have no other result than this : of actions, 
&c.). The evil at worst can only amount 
to a divorce, incommoditas hue omnis 
redit, si eveniat discessio (Ter., Andr., 3, 
3, 35). Any thing amounts but to this, 
that,^ &c., perhaps aliquid non ferme 
longius progreditur, quam ut, &c. It 
amounts to the same thing, idem est: par 
est (Cic. pro Muren., 10, 41). It amounts 
to the same thing, whether — or, nihil in- 
terest, utrum — an. The whole argument 
of his letter amounts to this, summa epis- 
tolte hsec est. What he said amounted to 
this, exitus fuit orationis (C<i:s., S. O., 4, 
6, Herzog.). 

AMOUNT, s., summa. Thewholeamount, 
eolidum: an insignificant amount, minuta 
summa or sumraula. \\ Abstract of a 
whole, summa, caput. Vid. Sum. 

AMOUR, res amatoria. Amours, amores. 
To have an amour, amori operam dare 
(Ter., Ileaut., 1, 1, 58) : to pursue amours, 
amores sectari. 

AMPHIBIOUS, cui aquam terramque 
incolendi gemina natura est (Flor.). An 
amphibious animal, bestia quasi anceps, 
in utraqm sede vivens (Cic, N. D., 1, 37, 
103) : animal, cui aquam t<!rramque in- 
colendi gemina natura est (Flor., 1, 3, 6) : 
animal, cujus et in terrd et in humore 
' vita (Plin., S, 31, 48). \\=:mongrel, 
Vid. 

AMPHIBOLOGICAL, amphibolua (Ca- 
pell.). 

A MPHIBOLOG Y, amphibolia, Cic. (am- 
phibologia. Charts., Isid.). 

i 1 In such a sentence as is given in John- 
son : " the errors of afcd men amount but 
to thin, that more might have been done, or 
sooner." 



AN AC 

AMPHIBOLOUS, amphfbolus (Cape.C) 
AMPHIBRACH, amphibrachys (G 
yos). 

AMPHIMACER, amphimacrus (or 
-acr.). 

AMPHISBjENA, amphisbsena (Lucan, 
Plin.). 

AMPHITHEATRE, amphitheatrum 
(Suet., Plin., Tac, properly and jigurative- 
ly) : to present somewhat of the appearance 
of an amphitheatre, velut amphitheatri 
or theatri elHcere speciem (Sal., Hirt. B. 
Afr., 37). 

AMPHITHEATRICAL, amphitheatra- 
lis. 

AMPLE, amplus: laxus (not narrow; 
roomy) : spatiosus (roomy, spacious) : ca- 
pax (able to hold much). Often by satis ; 
e. g., ample reason, satis causae : also gravis 
causa. An ample garrison, abunde mag- 
num prassidium. \^Liberal, &c., benig. 
nus. \\Full (as in "an ample narra- 
tive"), copiosus, verbosus : longus. Vid. 
Great. 

AMPLENESS, amplitude : laxitas : ca- 
pacitas. 
AMPLIATE, ampliare. 
AMPLIATION, amplificatio (amplia- 
tio is " adjournment ;" but in Tertull. = 
amplificatio). 
AMPLIFICATE, amplificare. 
AMPLIFICATION, amphficatio (="era 
largement," and also as technical term of 
ritetoric, exaggerating representation). 

AMPLIFIER, amplificator, Cic. (fern. 
-atrix). 

AMPLIFY, amplificare (= " enlarge," 
and also "set off by rhetorical exaggera- 
tion"). Also dilatare (alicujus imperium, 
gloriam) : propagare or proferre (aliquid, 
fines alicujus rei, &c.) ; augere : multipli- 
care. Vid. Enlarge, Increase. || Ex- 
aggerate rhetorically, amplificare : 
verbis exaggerare : multiplicare verbis 
(represent as more numerous than they 
really are ; e. g., copias) : verbis augere : 
in majus (verbis) extollere : in fSsum 
augere (Tac). 
AMPLITUDE. Vid. Ampleness. 
AMPLY, ample: copiose: large: satis: 
abunde. 

AMPUTATE, amputare (membra, Cic). 
Vid. Cut off. 

AJIPUTATION, amputatio (not found; 
I believe, of limbs ; but as amputare is, it 
may probably be used: desectio, resectio 
are general terms). 

AMULET, amuletum : phylacterium 
(Silver Age, and late). 

AMUSE, oblectare (to supply a pleasant 
occupation ; to amuse, whether by things or 
words) : delectare (to delight). To amuse 
one's self with any thing, se delectare ali- 
qua re : delectari aliqua re (e. g., libris) : 
se oblectare aUqua re (e. g., ludis). The 
play amuses the people (fabula oblectat 
populum). To be amtised, oblectari ali- 
qua re : oblectari et duci aliqua re : de- 
lectatione alicujus rei duci: voluptatem 
ex aliqud re capere, percipere, habere. 
\\Draw a man on (wuh hopes, promises, 
&c.), extrabere aliquem (v. Liv., 23, and 
31) : aliquem variis trustrationibus dif- 
ferre, or variis dUationibus frustrare ; ali- 
quem per frustrationem ditt'erre : aliquem 
eludere atque extrahere : lactarc aliquem 
et spe falsa producere (Ter.). 

AMUSEMENT, oblectatio (amusement . 
a relative pleasure) : delectatio (delight : 
a positive pleasure). For the sake or puv 
pose of amusement, delectationis caustl, 
animi causa, voluptatis causa; animi vo- 
luptatisque causd. To indulge in some re- 
laxation and amusement, se jucunditati 
dare ct aniraum rclaxare. To lighten 
toil, labor, &,c., by intervals of amusement, 
studia voluptatibus condire. To find 
amusement in any thing, delectari, oblec- 
tari aliqua re; aliqua re oblectari ctduci; 
delectationo alicujus rei duci. \\Am.use- 
ment as thing, oblectamentum : delec- 
timientum (Ter., Cic). 
AN. Vid. A. 

ANABAPTISM, * anabaptismus (ava- 
BaTTTioiiO';). 

ANABAPTIST, * anabaptista (ava6aT> 
Tiarrii^. 

ANACHRONISM, * peccatum in teni- 
poris ratione. To be guilty of an anach 



AN CH 

Ttmtsm, *a verd temporis mtione aber- 
rare : * non servare ordiuem temporum. 

ANAGRAM, * anagramma, atis {dud- 
yOaniii, aros). 

ANALECTA, * analecta (plural). 

ANAT.OGICAL, analoglcus (Ge«.)- 

ANALOGOUS, analogus (Fiirr.) : fiimi- 
lis (,like_ generally). 

ANALOGY, analogiia: proportio ( Fiiirr., 
Cic.) : sinulitudo {likeness, genertdlf^. 

ANALYSIS, esplicatio ; explicatio et 
enodatio ; expositio : a chemical analysis, 
' analysis chemica. To make such an 
analysis, * ad principia reducere ; * in el- 
ementa reducere. 

ANALYZE, esplicare ; expKcare et eno- 
dare ; quasi in membra discerpere. In 
grammar, tc analyze words, * notare sin- 
gula verba ; * syllabas resolvere. 

AN AP JEST, anapsestus. 

ANAPHORA, anaphora {Donat., Charis., 
Diom.). 

ANARCHICAL. An anarchical state, 
*civita3 in qua libido multitudinis oro 
legibus est ; respublica quas multitudlnis 
arbitrio agitatur {after Sal., Jug., 41, 3). 

ANARCHY, * effrenata multitudinis li- 
centia , * leses solutse. 

ANATHESLV, anathenia, atis (Eccl, 
August.) : excommunicatio (Eccl.) : sac- 
rificiorum interdictio. To pronounce an 
anathema against any body, aliquem an- 
athematizare, excommunicare (Eccl.) : 
aliquem sacrificiis interdicere (vid. C>zs., 
B. G., 6, 13): also derovere aliquem (to 
pronounce a formal curse on any body : op- 
posed to resacrare. Atjuse et ignis inter- 
dictio can only be applied to that kind of 
Roman banishment.) 

ANATHEMATIZE. Vid. "to pro- 
nounce an anathema" under Anath- 

ANATOCISM, anatocismus (Cicj ava- 
TOKidfio:). 

ANATOMICAL, anatomicus (late). The 
anatomical school, theatrum anatomicum 
(as building). 

ANATOMIST, anatomicris {late) ; * cor- 
porum sector. 

AN.4TOMIZE, incidere corpus mortui, 
ejusque viscera et intestina scmtari (Cels., 
preef.) ; rescindere artus cadaveris (Sen.); 
insecare aperireque bumana corpora (of 
an anatomist, Gell.). 

ANATOMY, sectio corporum (as ac- 
tion) : anatomia, or anatomica, anatomice 
(Cal., Macrob.). 

ANCESl'OR, generis or gentis auctor 
(the founder of a race or family) : nnus 
majorum (one of one's ancestors) : avus 
(grandfather : poetically, forefather). 
II Ancestors, majores: priores : patres: 
generis or gentis auctores {of the found- 
ers of the race or family). 

ANCESTRAL, avitus ; proavltus. An- 
cestral pride, naturalis nobilitatis superbia : 
patricii spiritus. 

ANCESTRY, ortus: genus: stirps. Of 
noble ancestry, nobili genere natus ; no- 
bili, baud obscuro loco natus (poetically, 
splendidis natalibus ortus). Thepride of 
ancestry. Vid. Anxestbai.. 

ANCHOR, ancora (poetically, also fig. 
of a main-stay. Sec.) : ora (the cable by 
which a ship was fastened to the shore). 
To cast anchor, ancoram jacere. The 
anchor holds, takes hold, ancora subsistit 
or sidiL To lie or ride at anchor, consis- 
tere in ancoris or ad ancoras : stare in 
ancoris (Lit.) : navem in ancoris tenere, 
or in statione babere (of a pilot or crew : 
of whom was also said, in ancoris com- 
morari or exspectare ; the last with dum). 
To weigh anchor, ancoram or ancoras 
toBere (uipav raS ayicvpai) ; Oram solvere 
(but ancoras solvere, Cic., A. H., 1, 13, is 
vnusual : ancoras vellere occurs in a 
doubtful passage, Liv., 22) ; solvere a 
terra, or solvere only (navem under- 
stood: like Xveiv). || Fig. to anchor on 
mny thing, captare, appetere, concupis- 
cere aliquid. 

ANCHOR, v., nfTKAjrs., constituere na- 
vem : consi-stere in ancoris or ad ancoras 
(to lie err ride at anchor). Vid. the pre- 
ceding word. Trans., navem deligare 
•d ancoras : a fleet, classem supprimere 
^yep^. 

AHCHOR-HOLD, ria. = secvrity : 



AND 

ancora (poetically, Fabius ancora ultinia 

erat fessis, Sil., Ital.) : spea (hope). 

ANCHOR^VGE, * fundus ubi ancora si- 
dere potest : a good anchorage, * egregius 
ad tenendas ancoras fxindus or locus : lo- 
cus consistendi ; statio (place where skips 
are anchored). || Money paid for an- 
choring, *vectigal ancorale. 
ANCHORET, >homo solitariua: ere- 
ANCHORITE, > nuta : anachoreta. 
To lead the life of an anchoret, vitam aoU- 
tariam agere. 

ANCHOVY, * clupea encrasicolus 
(Lin.). SaidsL was a kind of tunny. \\ An- 
chovy salad, acetarium encrasicoB- 
num. 

ANCIENT, vetus (opposed to novus: 
what has existed for a long time, whether 
we are speaking tn praise or blame) : ve- 
tastxLS (old, as an epithet of praise. The 
comparative vetustior is also regularly 
used as comparative to vetus) : antiquus ; 
very ancient, perantiquus (existing in old 
times: ToAaiof, opposed to recens). Jx. 
vetus et antiquus : priscus {old, primitive: 
as a solemn word conveying the accessory 
notion of the sacred respect due to antiqui- 
ty : apxaiof. Casciis had the same mean- 
ing, but was obsolete in the time of the best 
prose writers). Jn. priscus et vetustus ; 
vetus et priscus ; priscus et antiquus : 
pristinus (existing at a former time: 
whereas antiquus, priscus denote a time 
long jMst): vetulus (of a person con- 
siderably advanced in years) : veteratus, 
more commonly inveteratus {having ob- 
tained a firm hold by reason of its age ; 
e. g., inveteratum ulcus ; malum : amici- 
tia) : antiquo artificio factus, antiqui opens 
(made long ago : of works of art) : obso- 
letiis (gone by, out of fashion). Jn. anti- 
quus et obsoletus. || The ancient writers, 
antiqui scriptores (inasmuch as they flour- 
ished at a distant age) : veteres {inasmuch 
as they have influenced mankind for 2000 
years). An ancient family, genus anti- 
quum : ancient customs, pristini mores : 
ancient severity, prisca severitas : an an- 
cient and hereditary custom, mos a patri- 
bus acceptus : ancient rites or nsetges, 
cserimonis a vetustate accept® : ancient 
institutions, Vetera et prisca instituta : 
the ancient constitution, prisca reipublicae 
forma: a pattern of ancient integrity, 
priscse probitatis et fidei exemplar ; homo 
antiquil virtute et fide : an ancient his- 
tory, historia vetus et antiqua. Ancient 
days, i. e.. the good old time, vetus or prior 
setas. To put any thing on its ancient 
footing, aliquid in pristinum restituere. 
II The ancients, veteres; antiqui; prisci: 
also priores, superiores : if ^^ our fore- 
fathers, majores.  Vid. Old. 

ANCIENT, subst. \\ Flag of a ship, 
insigne navis (vid. C<es., B. C., 2, 6) : vex- 
iHum (as the sign for attacking). Vid. 
Flag. \\ Flag-bearer, signifer: vexil- 
larius (not vexUlifer). 

ANCIENTLY, olim: quondam (once, 
formerly : opposed to nunc) : antea : an- 
tehac (antea before that time: antebac 
before this time): antiquitus {in ancient 
days) : patrum or majorum memoria (in 
our fathers' times). 

ANCIENTNESS. Vid. ANTiQriTT. 

ANCIENTRY, generis antiqUitas. 

ANCLE, talus. Beaching to the ancles, 
talaris <e. g., tunica). 

AND, et (^ Kai : joins words and no- 
tions, each of which is considered independ- 
ently, and as of equal importance) : atque, 
ac (add what is of somewhat more import- 
ance: ac not before rowels or h : very sel- 
dom before g, Cic, Fam., 12, 7) : que ( = 
ri : joins a word closely to another as an 
appendage to it). " And" at the begin- 
ning of indignant questions is et (et quis- 
quam dubitabit, &;c. T). || A.nd is often 
untranslated : (1) when it unites single 
notions of the following kind: (a) in cer- 
tain comjrinations of frequent occurrence ; 
e. g., "horse and man," equi viri : "men 
and women," viri mulieres. So ventis re- 
mis, &c. (b) Before the last term of an 
enumeration, when the preceding terms are 
not connected by " and." " Our country 
was preserved by my labors, counsels, ana 
dangers," patria laboribus, consiliis, peri- 
colis meis servata est " There were prea- , 



ANElf 

f ent Greeks, Romans, and others," aderant 
GrsBci, Romani, alii. |^° 7%« particle 
"and" is, however, inserted before the last 
term of an enumeration, it being omitted 
before the others, when that expresses the 
whole class, to which the preceding terms 
belong, (c) Between the names of consuls 
it is sometimes omitted. (2) H^hen "antf 
connects whole sentences. In English we 
often connect by "an^ sentences that re- 
late to different times, or the latter of which 
is a consequence of the former, or describes 
a subsequent aetioii of a person mentioned 
in the former. Such sentences are in Latin 
either (a) connected by the relative qui ; 
e. g., " a messenger came and announced," 
venit nuntius, qui nuntiabat: or (b) the 
subordinate sentence is turned kito a par- 
ticipial clause: "he came forward and 
spoke thus," in medium prodiens hsec 
locutos est: "he left the city and retired 
to his country-house," urbe relic td in 
villam se recepit : or (c) causal particles 
are used, when statements stand to each 
other in the relation of cause and effect, oc 
casion and consequent action, tec. ; e. g^ 
" Xanthippus was sent to aid the Cartha- 
ginians, and defended himself bravely," 
Xanthippus, q u u m Cartbaginiensibns 
auxilio missus esset, fortiter se defendit 
"I saw him, and immediately recognized 
him," postquam enm aspexi, fllico cog- 
novi. II And so ; and AccoRDrxGLr : 
itaque, sometimes que only (to intimate the 
rapid succession of the second event). 
||Akd also, et — quoque (e. g., et sar- 
menta quoque in merce sunt) : nee non 
(to connect sentences; they should stand 
separately. They are not used in the best 
prose to connect two nouns like a simple 
et). If two adjectives or other attributives 
are spoken of one noun, "and also" is 
translated by idemque, et idem (e. g., 
musicus idemque pbilosopbus). i| And 
YET, et tamen ; atqui (at the beginning of 
a sentence). || And that, et is, isque : if 
"and thai" relates to a verb or to a whole 
sentence, idque should be used (negotium 
magnum est navigare, idque mense Quin- 
tili). II And not, nee or ncque ; et non ; 
ac non (nee or neque when the negative 
refers to the whole of the second sentence : 
et non or ac non, when it belongs more 
particularly to a single word or notion in 
it, or when the "and' is very emphatic: 
ac non, espedaUy when the notion in the 
second clause corrects, or is opposed to, a 
notion in the flrst ; e. g., " tre must use 
reason, and not follow the distorted rule 
ofcMStom," adhibenda est ratio, nee uten- 
dum pravissima consuetudinis regula: 
" it would be tedious and is not mcessary 
to relate," longum est et non necessa- 
rinm commemorare. " / would _ write to 
you at greater length, if the thing need- 
ed words, and did not speak for itself," 
pluribus verbis ad te scriberem, si re» 
verba deaideraret, ac non pro se ipsa 
lo<iueretur). 1^°" In such a sentence as, 
"it is A, and not B," it would be quite 
wrong to erpress the " and" in Latin ; e.g. 
tud culpd factum est, non med {not tud 
culptl factum est, et non mea). H-And 
NOT BATHiiB, ac Don, Or ac non potius. 
II And nobody ; and nothing ; and 
NEVEB, Sec, nee quisquam, nee quid- 
quam, nee umquam, if the negative be- 
longs to the whole sentence ; et nemo, et 
nihil, et numqnam, when the negative be- 
longs to the single word. || In sentenctM 
of parallel construction, e. g, "A does this, 
and B does that," <Scc., the " and" should 
be translated by autem, which is a weak 
adversative particle ; e. g., voluptates im- 
pellere, quo veUt : unde autem veHt, de- 
dncere : versutos eos appeUo, quorum 
mens celeriter versatur, callidos autem, 
quorum mens — ^usu concalluit 

ANDROGYNOUS, androgynus, i (Cic, 
si^stantively) : fern, androgyne. Vid. 

HtRMAPHBODITE. 

ANECDOTE, fabula : fabeUa: narrati- 
uncula (a piquant historical narrative) t 
facete, belle dictum or dictum only (aizS- 
^Cj'ita, bon mot) : salse dictum : dictum 
(of a .sarcastic kind). 

ANEMOMETER, * aSrometrum : * sue- 
mometrum. 

ANEMONE, anemone. 



ANGR 

ANEW, dcnuo {rare, except in Plant., 
Tcr. : when what had ceased begins again : 
vcodtv, IK KaivfiS) : de or ab integro (post- 
Augustan, also cs. integro: wheti what had 
quite ended w disappeared begins again 
to ezist from the same causes as before ; / ^ 
h-rapxilS)- Anew is often expressed by re 
in composition: seditio recrudescit (breaks 
out anew). 

ANFRACTUOUS, anfractus habens : 
currens in ambitum : sinuatus. 
ANFRACTUKE, anfractus, lis. 
ANGEL, angelus : minister ac nuncius 
D«i (EccL). You come like an angel from 
heaven, venis de ccelo missus. My an- 
gel '. mesB deliciai ! mea voluptas ! mea fes- 
tivitas (amoenitas) ! mea anima (vita) I all 
in the comic icriters. 

ANGEL, as adj., ^ *angelicus : coeles- 
ANGELIC, > tis, divinus : exi- 

ANGELICAL, ) miua, incompara- 
bilis. 
ANGEL SHOT, * globus catenatus. 
ANGER, ira : iracundia {of the habit 
of anger, proneness to anger : also of a 
violent outbreak of this passionate temper) : 
bilis {properly the gall : hence, metonymic- 
ally, vexing and irritating displeasure ; the 
feeling rather than the outward manifesta- 
tion) : stomaclius {properly the stomach, as 
the seat of anger from the overflow of the 
gall into it : hence, metonymically, for an- 
ger, passion) : indignatio {anger arising 
from indignation, and therefore exciting 
respect) : excandescentia (=:ira nascens : 
the waxing angry). Any body's violent 
anger, ira et rabies alicujus. The anger 
of the gods, ira3 coelestes. For anger, 
praj ira or iracundia : in anger, per iram ; 
iratus : cum ira : irato animo ; ira victus. 
To be angry, iratum fieri ; irritari : ird 
iiicendi, excandescere ; ira or iracundia 
ardere {to be inflamed with anger). To 
excite any body's anger, aliquem iratum 
reddere ; iram, bilem, or stomachum ali- 
cui movere ; bilem alicui commovere 
{Cic.) ; aliquem or alicujus iram irritare. 
To be under the influence of anger, ira te- 
neri : to give the reins to anger, to surren- 
der one's self to anger, iracundia^ parere : 
not to be able to restrain one's anger, irie 
non potentem esse : to give vent to one's 
anger in tears, iram or bilem per lacrimas 
efiundere : to vomit forth, or discharge 
one's anger against any body, iram evo- 
merc in aliquem ; stomachum in ali- 
quem erumpere : to lay aside one's anger, 
iram missam facere ; iram di- or o-mit- 
tero : his anger cools, ira dei'ervescit, de- 
fidgrat. Prone to anger, iracundus ; ad 
ij-am proclivLs ; prajceps in iram. 

ANGER, v., facere aliquem iratum ; ir- 
ritare aliquem or alicujus iram : stom- 
achum alicui facere or movere ; indigna- 
tionem aUcui movere ; bilem alicui mo- 
vere or commovere : pungere aliquem 
{to sting a man) : oft'endere aUquem {to 
annoy: of persons or things): exacerbare 
aliquem {to make him bitter against any 
body) : ajgre facere alicui {Plant., Ter.). 
II To be angered, &c. Vid. Angry. 

ANGLE, II mathematical angle, 
angulus. A right angle, angulus rectus ; 
angulus ad normam resjjondens. An 
obtuse angle, angulus obtusus or hebcs. 
An acute angle, angulus acutus. 7'he an- 
gle of the eyes, angulus oculorura. Full 
of angles, angulosus {technical term, Plin.). 
A little angle, angellus {Lucr.). || Iji- 
strument for fishing. Tki nearest 
term is hamus ; hainus piscarius {the 
hook ; opposed to nets, &.C.), or arundo 
{rod). 

ANGLE, v., hamo piscari: hamo pieces 
capere : arundine pisces captarc {with a 
rod, Ov., Met., 8, 217). Lmpb., to fish for 
any thing, captare, aucupari aliquid. 

ANGLER, piscator {general term) : qui 
hamo piscatur ; qui arundine captiit pis- 
ces. &c. Vid. TO Angle. 

ANGLE ROD, arundo. • 

ANGLICISM, *proprietas Britannici 
gcrmonis. 

AN(iOR, angor. 

ANGRILY, irate : irato animo : iracun- 
de. To look angrily at any body, iratis 
oculis or truci vultu aliquem intueri. 

ANGRY, iratus {angry: also of things 
tliat betray a person's anger ; e. g., oculi) : 
28 



ANIM 

with any body, alicui : iras planus (full of 
wrath : of persons) : ira incensus, or ac- 
census, or incitatus, or flagrans : iracun- 
dia inllammatus {inflamed with anger : of 
high degrees of passion) : minax, trux 
{threatening, wild, fierce: of looks, &c.). 
II To be angry, iratum esse ; with or 
against any body, iratum or olFensum 
esse alicui. He is angry with me, ilium 
iratum habeo. They are angry with each 
other, ira inter eos intercessit. To grow 
angry, irasci, iratum fieri ; indignari ; 
stoinachari ; ira incendi, or exacerbari, or 
excandescere : iracundia exardescere, in- 
flammari, efferri. To make any body an- 
gry, facere aliquem iratum ; irritare ali- 
quem or alicujus irain : exacerbare ali- 
quem. To make any body ahgry against 
any body, aliquem facere alicui iratum. 
1 am angry at any thing, aliquid mihi 
stomacho est ; aliquid segre fero {in Com., 
aliquid mihi or meo animo ffigre est) ; ali- 
quid mihi molestum est ; aliquid me pun- 
git ; aliquid me male habet. I felt more 
angry about it than Quintus himself, Iiebc 
miiii majori stomacho, quam ipsi Quinto 
fuerunt. [| To be angry {of wounds), 
intiammari. 

ANGUISH, angor: anxietas: stimuli do- 
loris. To suffer anguish, angi : about any 
thing, animo angi de aliqua re : about 
any body, angorem capere pro aliquo. 
To suffer great anguish, angore confici, 
ajstuare ; angoribus premi, agitari, ur- 
geri ; angi intimis sensibus. To be tor- 
tured with anguish, angore crucian. 

ANGULAR, angularis {having angles) : 
angulatus {formed with angles) : angulo- 
sus {/laving many angles). 

ANGULARITY, crcl., e. g., from its 
angularity, ex eo, quod angulatum or an- 
gulosum est 

ANGULARNESS. Vid. Angularity. 

ANGULATED, anarulatus. 

ANGUL08ITY. Vid. Angularity. 

ANGULOUS, ansulosus. 

ANGUST. Vid. Narrow. 

ANGUSTATION, crcl. with angustare 
{Plin.). 

ANHELATION, anhelatio {Plin.). 

ANIGHTS, nocte : noctu : noctumo 
tempore. 

ANILKTy'^^' I ^"'^''^^ (Ca«wiZ.). 

ANIMADVERSION, || reproof, cen- 
sure, animadversio. To escape animad- 
version, animadversionem efl'ugere {Cic). 
Vid. Reproof. \\Punishment, ani- 
madversio (in aliquem). Jn. animadver- 
sio et castigatio. The censor's or dictator's 
animadversions, animadversiones censo- 
rise, dictatoriiE. Vid. Punishment. ||Per- 
ception, animadversio. Vid. Percep- 
tion. 

ANIMADVERT, \\censure or pun- 
ish a fault, animadvertere aliquid: upon, 
a person, animadvertere in aliquem. 

ANIMADVERTER, animadversor (e. 
g., vitiorum). 

ANIMAL, animal, animans {any living 
creature ; animal, as belonging by nature 
to the class of living creatures ; animans, 
as being now alive. The gender of ani- 
mans is determined by the subject of which 
it is supposed to be spoken ; hence plural 
animantia or animantes) : bestia {irra- 
tional animal ; opposed to homo) : belua 
{a great unwieldy animal ; as elephant, 
lion, tiger; whale, and other sea-monsters. 
In Cic., 2, iV. D., 12, 9, for bestia) : pecus, 
iidis, /. {domestic animals — bullock, sheep, 
&c. ; opposed to belua, fera) : a wild ani- 
mal, bestia fera or fera 07ily {opposed to 
cicur or pecus) : belua fera {of one of the 
class described under belua. living in a 
wild state ; opposed to pecus) : belua sil- 
vestris {opposed to belua agrestis, dwelling 
in forests). To paint animals very well, 
prosperrime bestias exprimere {after 
Plin., 35, 11, 40, § 133). The animal cre- 
ation, genus animalium or bcstiarum ; 
genus animantium ; animalia. \\A stu- 
pid animal, pecus (udi.s). 

ANIMAL, as adj., animalis {endowed 
with life). WBelonging to living 
creatures: by genitive, animantium. 
Animal fire, ignis, qui est in corporibus 
animantium. Animal life, vita, qua? spiri- 
tu et corpora continetur. \\Peculiar 



ANNI 

to the brute creation: by geniliee,be- 
luarum or pacudum (beluiuus, bestialia 
notfound in classical prose ; e. g., animal 
instinct, beluarum or pecudum ritus). 
liiPR., gross, sensual, &c.: by genitivt 
corporis. Animal pleasures, lusts, &c., 
corporis voluptates, libidines. 

ANIMALCULE, bestiola (animalculum 
is without any old authority) : very 
small animalcules, immensiB subtili- 
tatis animalia. 

ANIMATE, \\make alive, &c., ani- 
mare. \\ Incite, <fec., excitare, incitare 
{excite, incite) : incendere {to set a man on, 
fire) : injicere alicui aliquid (e. g., hope, 
eagerness to fight, &c.) : implere aliquem 
aliqua re {to fill any body with any thing) : 
erigere aliquem in or ad spem {of filling 
him with hope) : alicujus studium inci- 
tare ; alicujus animum erigere, &c. To 
be animated, acriorem fieri, «fec. 

ANIMATE, adj., animatus, animans, 
animalis. Vid. Animal, adj. 

ANIMATED, \\endowed with life, 
animatus; animans; animalis. \\ Live- 
ly, vigorous, vividus, vegetus: alacer 
ad aliquid. \\ As participle, incenans 
aliqua re (amore, officio, &c.) : impletus 
aUqua re (e. g., spe animoque). 

ANIMATION, CRCL., e. g., by genitive 
animandi, &c. (animatio, TertulL, &c., in 
Cic. metonymically). \\ Liveliness, via: 
gravitas : vehementia (all three of anima- 
tion in speaking) : alacritas, &.c. 

ANIMATIVE, vitalis {promoting or con- 
taining life ; e. g., vitalis vis) : in vivum 
calorem revocans {poetically, Ov., Met., 4, 
247). 

ANIMATOR, CRCL. (animator, Tertull., 
&c.). 

ANIMOSITY, odium : invidia : simul- 
tas : ira. [SyN. in Hatred]. To feel, 
cherish, entertain animosity against any 
body, odisse aliquem : odium in aliquem 
habere or gerere : alicui invidere : in si- 
multate esse cum aliquo. He entertains 
a feeling of bitter animosity against any 
body, acerbissimum est alicujus odium in 
aUquem. To conceive animosity against 
ny body, odium in aliquem concipere or 
erga aliquem suscipere. Look for other 
phrases in Hatred. 

ANISE, anisum (Pimpinella anisum, 
Linn.). 
ANKER, * amphora dimidiata. 
ANKLE, talus. Reaching to the ankles, 
talaris (e. g., tunica). 
ANNALIST, annalium scriptor. 
ANNALS, annales. The annals of his- 
tory, historise monumenta. 

ANNATS, primitiffi {first-fruits of any 
thing). 

ANNEAL, vitrum coloribus pingere; 
vitro picturam inurere. The art of an- 
nealing, ars vitrum coloribus pingendi 
ac picturam inurendi {after Plin., 35, 11, 
41). 

ANNEX, annectera, adjungere aliquid 
ad aliquid or alicm rei : addere, adjicere, 
agglutinare : subjicera aliquid alicui rei : 
copularo aliquid cum aliquA re. Vid. 
Add. 

ANNEX, s., accessus : accessio. Vid. 
Addition. 

ANNEXATION, adjunctio; appositio: 
accessio : adjectio [Svn. in Addition] : 
annexio {late : Pallad., Mart.) ; annexus, 
As {Tac). 

ANNEXMENT. || Vid. ANNEjtATioif 
II Vid. Addition. 
ANNIIIILABLE, qui dcleri potest. 
ANNIHILATE, dclere (urbcm, hostas, 
ifcc.) : cxstinguere {extinguish : spem, 
(fcc.) : tollere {remove out of the way). 
Sotnetimes avertere, subvertere. [Vid. 
Destroy.] To annihilate an army, ad in- 
tcrnccionctn dclere, redigere, adducare 
or caidere occidione ca?dera or occidare. 
To be annihilated, funditus interire : to- 
tum periic {to perish utterly) ; ad inteme- 
cionein venire or pervenire {by a pesti- 
lence, &c.). 

ANNIHILATION, deletio; exstinctio; 
interitus {death) : cxcidium (tragical end). 
ANNIVERSARY, s., festi dies annivar- 
sarii : sacra anniversaria. 

ANNIVERSARY, adj.. anniversarius 
{returning every year: wmuus is, lasting 
a year). 



ANNU 

AXNOISANCE. Vid. Nuisaxck. 

ANNOTATE, annotare (e. g., panca de 
aliqua re). Vid. Annotation. 

ANNOTATION, annotatio (ucknical 
term of poA-Augtistan, Gram.) : *8cholioii 
(an explanatory note: dxaAiov, Groii. rit 
CitL, Att., 16, 7, 3) : expUcatio : interpre- 
tatio. [Nota, properly, the censor's mark, 
L e., censure, is drfended fry Hand and 
Weber as having been long ■used as a 
tedknical term.] To vrite a feui annota- 
tions, pauca annotare (de aliqn^ re) : on 
a book, commentari librum {Sua., Gram., 
Z); commentaria in Ubnun componere 
{GelL, 2, 6, beg.). 

ANNOTATOR, inteipres, ezplanator 
{writer of explanatory remarhi) : enarrator 
(a commentator wko etplains the meaning 
«fa writer). ^^Annotator, in Pliny, is 
cmt who notes a thing. 

ANNOUNCER nnnciare : rennnciare 
(fits proper words: renunciare, espedaUy 
uAen the announcement is the consequence 
of a commission, or the repetition of in- 
formation received) : aliqaem certioretn 
&cere de re {giee him information about 
it) : promnlgare (to make publicbf known) : 
pronunciare (fo proclaim publicly): ob- 
nunciare (to announce unpleasant occur- 
rence) : denunciare (to make a threaten- 
ing announcement) : tndicare : significare 
{by letter, per literas) : docene, edocere 
. aliqaem aliquid or (less commonly) de ali- 
qua re (JO gice a person accurate informa- 
tion about a particular circumstance) : per- 
acribere aliquid alicoi or ad aliquem: 
mittere aliqno or ad aliqnem (to send an 
mmuntneement by Utter or a messenger; 
with the aceusatiee and infinitive of mere 
tmdUgetux ; at, if it is a command). || To 
announce with authority, what is to 
be followed or attenaed to : imperare (to 
eommand) : edicere (to make publicly 
known by a written or oral proclamation) : 
propnnere (to make known by a public no- 
tice). -^ Brutus has announced that I may 
aptct Spinther to-day," hodie Spinthenun 
exspecte ; misit enim Brutus ad me. To 
announce a person, nunciare aliqaem ven- 
tunun esse or venire (of a future or ap- 
proaching arrical respectively) ; nunciare 
aliquetn venisse or adesse : nunciare ali- 
cajus adventum (of an actual arrival). 
To announce a book, librom proponere 
(if it is in preparation) ; libnun iudicare 
(tfit is out: both of the bookseller). 

ANNOUNCEMENT, nunciatio : renun- 
ciatio : signilicatio : denunciatio : indici- 
um : promnlsatio : pronunciatio (all as 
action. Vid. £4< reris under Annocnce). 

ANNOY, negotium facessere, nesotium 
or 'molestiam exhibere alicui : any body 
with any tJiing, obtundere aliquem aliqud 
re (e. g.. Uteris, rogitando): obstrepere 
alicui (e. g.. Uteris) f with entreaties, pre- 
dbus fatigii>~-e aliqaem : molestiam alicui 
afferre ; molesti4 aliquem afficere ; alicui 
aUqud re molestum or gravem esse. 
Sometimes agitare, exagitare, vexare, com- 
moTere, soUicitare, &c. [Vid. Vex.] 1 
fear that I annoy you, vereor ne tibi gra- 
vis sim. This annoys me, hoc male me 
babet: hoc me conunovet, pungit. \\In- 
jure, danmo or detrimento esse : obesse : 
officere. 

ANNOYANCE, molestia : onus (&Br- 
den) : cura (anxiety). 7\> cause annoyance 
to any body, molestiam alicui aHerre, ex- 
hibere; molestid aliquem afficere: some 
annoyance, aliquid aspergere molestiae 
(Leas a drawback ; the other circumstan- 
ces being of a favorable or happy kind). 
II An annoyance, onus, incommodum. 
To be an annoyance to any body, alicui 
esse molestiae (Plant.), oneri (Lie), one- 
rare aliquem (Cic), to anff thing. 

ANNOYER, CKCI.. by verbs under As- 
KOY : qui alicui negotium facessit, &x. 

ANNUAL, annaus (lasting a year ; tak- 
ing place throughout the whole year: also 
aunalis, far.)-, anniversarjus (returning 
at the expiration of a year : in this sense 
annuus is poetical). Annual festivals, sa- 
cra anniversaria : festi dies anniversarii. 
ANNU.\LLY, quotannis : sinsulis an- 
nis: in singulos annos (for every year). 

ANNUITY, reditus status (statum raii- 
tum prsestare. Plin., Ep., ?, 19, 5) : annua, 
omm, or annua peconia (general term. 



ANOT 

5^ , Ben., 1,9, A; Tac, Ann., 13, 34, 1) : j 
merces aimoa (if in payment of services). 
To settle an annuity on any body, annua • 
or annuam pecuniam alicui statuere, con- : 
stituere. To pay any body an annuity, 
annua alicui prsebere or praestare. To 
allow any body an annuity of 500,000 ses- 
terces, otferre alicui in singulos annoa 
quingena sestertia ; aliquena quingenis 
sestertiis annuls sustentare. To receive , 
from the prince an annuity o/2d0,000 ses- ' 
terces, ducenta quinquaginta H3 annui I 
mercede sunt mihi apud principem (of a '• 
salary rather than an annuity). \ 

ANNUIT.ANT, *qui annuls or emmil j 
pecunia sustentator. I 

ANNUL, tollere (tke proper word of j 
annulling a law, office, tax, judgment, 
6cc.) : atwlere (r. hisL, to annul laws, ais- 
toms, religion, wills: not found in Cic): 
abrogare (by the anthority of the people : I 
a law, decree, a magistracy) : inducere (to j 
strike out, cancel: a resolution, decree, am-  
tract, &C.) : solTere, dissolvere, resolvere | 
(a custom, friendship, military discipline) : 
pervertere (overtkivw ; e. g., rigiis, jus- 
tice): funditus toDere (remove quite away) : 
delere (blot out ; destroy utterly). 

ANNULAR, 1 no exact word. . Some- 

ANNULARY, J times in orbem cir- 
cumactus : in orbem sinuatus [annula- 
ris, annnlarius, mean, "relating to a 
ring:" orbicularis, circularis, late]. 

ANNULET, annulus (ring) : anellas 
(dimin.). || Round ornament on the 
capital of a (Doric) pillar, annulus (Vitr.) : 
astragalus. 

ANNUMERATE. annumerare (CHc). 

ANNUMER.\TION, crcl. by annume- 
rare (annumeratio, Dig-). 

ANNUNCIATE, annunciare (Pliny). 
Vid. -Announce. 

ANNL'NCIATION. Vid. Announce- 
STENT [annunciatio, Lactant.]. 

ANODYNE, dolorem sedans, finiens : 
anodynos or -us (Cels., anodynos medica- 
mentum). ^An anodyne, anodvnon 
(Marc Emp., 25). 

ANOINT, ungere: intmgere; penm- 
gere (all aliquid aliqua re) : ungoentis 
oblinere. 

ANOINTER, unctor. 

ANOINTING, nncdo: intmctio (as act) : 
unctura (icith reference to the kind or man- 
ner of anointing). 

ANOMALOUS, enormia (irregularly 
arranged or built ; e. g., vicus, Tac., post- 
Augustan) : anomalus (irregular as to 
declension or conjugation). Sometimes in- 
compositus, inusitatus. 

ANOM.\LY, anomaHa (avwuaX ia. Varr.) : 
ina?quabUitas ( Varr.) : inajqualitas (Gell., 
all three of declension, conjugation, Jtc.) : 
enormitas (irregular arrangement,Quint.)i 
minus apta compositio (want of symmetry ; 
e. g.. in the body). 

ANON, Wquickly, soon, confestim, 
rnico, extempio, statim, continuo. Vid. 
Soon. \^Sometimes, now and then, 
interdum. Vid. Sometoies. 

ANONYMOUS. An anonymous letter, 
litersB sine nomine scriptaB. Anonymous 
poems, carmina incertis auctoribus tuI- 
gata. Anonymous verses, sine auctore 
versus. An anonymous writing or book, 
libellus sine auctore : *sine auctoris nom- 
ine emissus. 

ANONYMOUSLY, sine nomine; sine 
auctore : incerto auctore. 

.4N0REXY', * aiapilia, ut Grjeco verbo 
utar : fastidium cibi expresses more ; i. e., 
positive loathing. 

ANOTHER, alius : alter (another of two : 
alter must also be used when another is 
indefinite, but the action is done to or with 
but one other person ; e. e- si cum al- 
terocontrahas: exitium alteriparare) : 
diversus (= different). Another person's, 
another's, alienus (e. g., alienum puerum 
pro 9UO toUere). In' such expressions as 
'•another Cato," Sec, alter or novus 
(e. g.. alter Hannibal : novus Camillns : 
alius not till Silver Age). Another world, 
orbis alienus (Plin., L e., another, strange, 
and virtually different, world). To adopt 
<rBO£A«r pian, consilium mutare. \\ At an- 
other time, alias ; alio tempore. At an- 
other place, alibi (in this sense alias once 
in Cic, Att., 16, 11, 7). To another place. 



ANSW 

aHa In another manner, alito-. But 
more of this another tiwu, sed hzec alias 
ploribus. H One amothes, alias alii, or 
alium, or (if there are two onbf) alter altcri, 
or alterum (L e., one — to the other ; or one 
— the othet^i inter se (or, if the nominative 
is " we," " you," inter nos, inter vos ; when 
the predicate is spoken of a person or per- 
sons expressed in the nominative or accusa- 
tive in that sentence ; seldom in any other 
'^ase). Ij^ Obs. " ffe know one an- 
other," is novimus nos or novimus noa 
inter nos; but "they know one another," 
is never novemnt se (which is, "to know 
tkemselce^ or novemnt se inter se. To 
fear one another, timere inter seA Inter 
nos, inter se, are even sometimes joined at- 
trt&itftrefy to subHantives ; e. g., ad ha^- 
tationea atomomm inter se. Inter ipsoe 
(,when there is an opposition, expressed or 
implied, between the subjects spoken of and 
others). Fidelity to one another, fides in- 
ter ipooe (Suet.). So societas bominuia 
inter ipsoa, Cic: mutuo ( mut ua ll y, re- 
ciprocally : invicem is nndassical in this 
sense, and vicisaim has no such meaning) : 
ultro et citro : ultro dtroque : nltro citro 
(=ab utraque parte. Obs., nltro citro is 
post-Augustan). To love one another, 
amare inter se : inter se diBgere (invicent 
or mutuo dSigCTe are post-disncal: ricia- 
mm diligere, founded on a miai^prdien- 
sion of Cic, Lai., 9. 30, is wrong). To 
look at one another, inter se aspicere. 
H One after another, deinceps. Vid. 
Each otker. 

ANSWER, respondere, to any thing, 
ad aliquid or alicui rei (properly, by word 
of mouth .- opposed to rescribere ; then by 
word of mouth, or by letter) : responsnm 
dare, edere, reddere (give an answer): 
rescribere, to any thing, ad aliquid or ali- 
cui rei (fo give a written answer to a writ- 
ten question) : ezcipere aliqaem or alien 
jos sermonem (to take vp the discourse 
it eon only imply that an answer is given 
to the preceding one). To answer an ob 
jection, referre: reponere: respondere 
contra aUquid : id quod opponitur rcfu- 
tare: reqpondere de jure: rc^ponsitare 
(fo answer legal questions mkenever applied 
to: of jurists) : responderq^se defendere : 
se porgare (to answer an accusation .- 
crizninibaa respondere). To answer a 
question or questions, respondere ad in- 
terrt^ata (rogata) or ad ea, qua: qua;sita 
sunt : not to answer, non respondere : 
tacere : obmntescere : to answer nothing, 
nullum responsum dare : nullum Terb>ijn 
respondere: omnino nihil respondere: 
to answer boldly, fiercely. Sec, fortiter, au- 
dacter. ferodter respondere: to answer 
courteously (by litter), rescribere huma- 
nisaime. /( is easy to answer this, hiijus 
rei ftcilis et promta est responsio. || To 
answer any body again, respondere 
aUcui: obloqui alicui: par pari respon- 
dere (to grva him as good as he brings. 
Plant.). \\To answer (=^be accountable) 
for any thing, rationed reddere alicujus 
rei tn- de aliqua re. || To answer for 
(=(e surety for) any body or any thin^, 
intercedere pro aliquo (also intercedere 
peconiam pro aliquo : to be his surety by 
consenting to forfeit a sum of money if he 
does not perfom the thing in question) : 
pnestare aliquem, aliquid or de re (to be 
surety, to answer for, in a wider sense): 
spondere, fidem interponere, pro aliquo : 
vadem fieri ejus sistendi (to answer fjr 
any bodies appearance) : pra?dem fieri pro 
ahquo and aUcujus rei : obsidem alicujus 
rei fieri : also vadem se dare alicui pro 
aliquo. [Stn. in Surett.] I will an- 
swer for it, that, pnestabo with accusative 
and infinitive. || To answer to one's 
name, ad nomen respondere ; vocatum 
(participle) respondere. || Correspond 
to, suit with, respondere alicui rei, or 
absolutely : ex altera parte alicui rei re- 
spondere (to be its counterpart) : conci- 
nere : congruere : convenire. [Stn. in 
Agkee.] To answer men's expectations, 
opinioni bominum respondere. The event 
does not answer his expectations, eventus 
alicui non respondet ad spem ; res longe 
aliter, ac quis ratus erat (or speraTerat), 
evenit. There is no Latin word which an- 
swers more nearly to the Greek «6ai^ tia* 



ANT A 

voluptas : nullum verbum inveniri potest, 
quod magis idem declarat Latine, quod 
Graice {fiovii, quam declarat voluptas. 
To answer the demands or claims of one's 
creditors, creditoribus satisfacere : credi- 
tores absolvere or dimittere (Oicri<^, Plin., 
Ep., 2, 4. 2). To answer any body's expec- 
tation, exspectationem alicujus explere ; 
respondere alicujus exspectationi (op- 
posed to decipere alicujus exspectatio- 
nem, not to answer, &c.). \\ To answer 
for (=: serve for) any thing, pro aliqua 
re esse or esse posse : alicui rei or ad ali- 
quam rem utile esse (of being useful for 
a purpose). Sometimes usui esse ad ali- 
quid# idoncum esse ad aliquid, or bonum 
esse alicui rei or ad aliquid. |{ To suc- 
ceed well, prospere cedere, prospere, or 
bene, or pulchre procedere; prospere 
succedere, or succedere 07ily. || Answer 
like an echo, resonare (gloria virtuti re- 
sonat tamquam imago, Cic.). \\ A ship 
does not answer to the helm, non habilis 
est gubernaculo {Veil.) : impatiens est 
gubernaculi (Curt.). || =to succeed, re- 

epondere (e. g., aliquid quod non ubi- 

que fortasse, sed saepius tamen etiam re- 
spondeat, Ccls. Praef). Vid. Succeed. 

ANSWER, s., responsio : responsum 
(general term, the former, in Quint., a refu- 
tation ; the latter, also the answer of an Ora- 
cle) : defensio : excusatio : purgatio (re- 
ply to a charge) : oraculum : sors oraculi 
(oracular response) : rescriptum (written 
reply of a prince: Silver Age). An an- 
swer given to one's self to a question put 
by one's self (of an orator), sibi ipsi re- 
sponsio, subjectio (ai'dvTro4>opd). Answer 
to an objection that might be made, anteoc- 
cujjatio : prassumtio (77/)6A;;i|if). Sharp, 
witty ayiswers, acute rc&ponsa. || To give 
an answer. Vid. to Answer. To receive 
an answer, responsum fcrre, auftn-re. 1 
receive an answer to my letter, meis Uteris 
respondetur or rescribitur. I got for an- 
swer, responsum mihi est; responsum 
datum est To bring back an answer, re- 
sponsum referre, renunciare. 

ANSWERABLE, consentaneus : con- 
veniens or congruens (all three alicui rei) : 
accommodatns ad aliquid : aptus alicui 
rei. Jn. apitus consentaneusquo alicui 
rei. To be answerable to any thing, con- 
gruere, convenire, convenientem, aptum 
consentaneumque esse alicui rei. Not to 
be answerable to any thing, alienum esse 
re or a re. Any thing ansjvcrable to an- 
other, res alicui rei simillima (very like), 
compar (quite like) ; ex altera parte re- 
spondens (correspondent ; its counterpart). 
\\ Accountable, &c., alicui ratio red- 
denda est (he must account for it) : to be 
ansiKrablefor any thing, aliquid prajstare. 

I am answerable for it, mihi res pra;standa 
est. To make one's self answerable for 
any thing, aliquid in se recipere (take it 
on onr^sself). || Admitting of a satis- 
factory answer, quod excusari potest 
(which can be justified) : (cujus rei ratio 
reddi potest of which an exculpatory ac- 
count Can be given). 

ANSWERABLY, convenienter, congru- 
enter alicui rei : apto ad aliquid. 

ANSWERER, qui alicui respondet, &c. 

II One who replies to another in a 
controversy, qui C0)itra dicit; qui con- 
tra disputat. 

ANT, formica : a little ant, formica par- 
vula (t) ; formicula: overrun with ants, for- 
micosus. An ant's egg, ovum formicte. 

ANT-BEAR, Myrmecophaga. 

ANT-IIILL, Ibrmicarumcuniculus (Vl., 
11, .'U, 3(i) ; formicetum is without old au- 
thority (Kraft and Forbiger quote Appul.). 

ANTAGONIST, advcrsarius (general 
term.) Vid. Adversary. || An antago- 
nist muscle, * musculus alicui musculo 
adversus ct contrarius. 

ANTALGIC, dolorem sedans, finicns. 

ANTANACLASIS, in Rhet. arravd- 
(cXaaif, ut GrK!co vorbo utar ( — cui [Ttupn- 
voiiitaia] confiais est livrni'd'/cAuo-ij, ejiis- 
dem verbi contraria signilicatio, Quint., 
y, 3, 68). 

ANTAPOPLECTIC. An antapnplectic 
remedy or m,edicine, rcmcdium adversus 
morbum, quern apoplexin vocant. 

ANTARCTIC, avrnfiKTiKdi (Varr.) : an- 
tarcticus (Hygin., AppuL). 
30 



ANTI 

ANTECEDE, anteire: antegredi : an- 
tecedere : prteire : prjegredi. 

ANTKCEDENCE, antecessio (Cic). 

ANTECEDENT, antecedens : praice- 
dens : prior, superior (former : not prm- 
teritus). 

ANTECEDENTLY, antea. Antecedent- 
ly to any thing, ante aliquid. 

ANTE-CHAMBER, amphithalamus (u/j- 
(piBiiXaixoS, Vitr., 6, 7 [10], 2ed., Schneid.: 
others read autithalamus) : procoeton (a7i 
ante-room to a bed-chamber where slaves 
used to wait: TrpoKoirwv in Varr., R. R.) : 
vestibulum (open space before a Roman 
house, where those who had business there 
waited: in vestibule ssdium opperiri salu- 
tationem Ciesaris). To be on guard in 
the emperor's ante-chamber, excubias circa 
cubiculum principis agere (Suet.). 

ANTE-CHAPEL, pronaos (Trpdvaos). 

ANTECURSOR, antecursor. 

ANTEDATE, r., i. e., take before the 
proper time, aliquid prajcipere or prse- 
sumere. 

ANTEDILUVIAN, *qui ante inunda- 
tionem illam terrai-um vixit, fuit, &c. 
II Old, primitive, vetus: antiquus, pris- 
cus, &c. II Old-fashioned, antiquus et 
obsoletus : obsoletus : exoletus. 

ANTELOPE, *antil6pe (Linn.). 

ANTE-MERIDIAN, antemeridianus. 

ANTE-MUNDANE, * qui ante mundum 
conditum or iedificatum fuit. 

ANTENNA, * antenna, qute dicitur. 

ANTEPAST, pra;sumtio alicujus rei 
(Plin., Ep., 4, 15, 11). [Not prajsensio, 
which is mental anticipation.'] 

ANTERIOR, antecedens, prascedens : 
prior, superior (former: for former in 
point of time, praiteritus is quite wrong) : 
[anterior is late : Ammian., Symm., Sulpic. 
Sever.] 

ANTE-ROOM. Vid. Ante-chamber. 

ANTHEM, * canticum Ecclesiasticum. 

ANTHOLOGY, antliologica, orum (PL, 
21 3 9). 

ANTHONY'S FIRE, erysipelas, atis 
(ipvaiinXai). 

ANTHRAX (in medicine), anthrax 
(jEm., Macr.): carbunculus: antliracitis 
(Plin.): anthracias (Solin.). 

ANTHROPOMORPHITES (a sect of 
schismatics), anthropomorphitas (Angus- 
tin.). 

ANTHROPOPHAGI, anthropophagi 
(Plin.). 

ANTHYPOPHORA (figure in rheto- 
ric), anthypopbora (Sen.). Quintilian 
writes it in Greek characters. 

ANTI-ACID. Vid. Alkali. 

ANTIC. No corresponding word. Some- 
times vultus distortus or crcl. by os dis- 
torquere (if grimaces are meant). \\ As 
person. Vid. Buffoon. 

ANTI-CHAMBER. Vid. Ante-cham- 
ber. 

ANTI-CHRIST, antichristus (Eccl). 

ANTICIPATE, anticipare (e. g., moles- 
tiam, Cic. : also, to form a notion before- 
hand) : quasi anticipare (to do before the 
proper time ; e. g., ludos. Suet., Claud., 
21) : priBcipere (e. g., gaudia : spem : vic- 
toriam : consilia hostinm : victoriam ani- 
mo) : prajsumere (e. g., officia hcredum, 
Plin. : gaudium, lajtitiiun, Plin. : futura. 
Sen. : bellum spe, Virg. : aliquid cogitati- 
one, Plin.) : occupare (prevent ; forestall ; 
do first: rates, Ov. : ortunx soils, Curt.). 

ANTICIPATION, anticipatio (a notion, 
the truth of which we anticipaXe before it is 
proved : =: " antecepta animo rei qumdam 
informatio," Cic., Trpohixf/n : praasumtio 
(ariticipated enjoyment). || Rhet., antici- 
pation (the answering of an anticipated 
objection), anticipatio : ante occupatio : 
priBSumtio. 

ANTIDOTE, antidotum: antidotus or 
antidStos, /. (Cels., Phadr., Quint., avri- 
^o-ov) : alexipharmacon (only Plin., 21, 
20, 84) : remedium alicujus rei, ad ali- 
quid: contra aliquid (Plin.). 

ANTIMONY, stibi (ariSt), or stimml 
(trrifiitt), or, Latinized, stibium : * anti- 
monium (technical ttrm). 

ANTINOMIAN, an, antinomns (!A«e(i by 
the Lutheran " Fornmla Concordiiu"). 

ANTIPATHY, discordiarerum : rcpug- 
nantia rerum (contrariety of nature and 
qualities, Pliny also uses antipathia, dv 



ANXI 

Tiirddeia) : odium : fuga : aversans et re- 
pugnana natura (natural feeling of dis- 
like ; these three especially of persons) : 
naturale bellum (Cic., of the consequence 
of a natural antipathy between animals: 
est alicui cum aliquo). To feel an antipa- 
thy against any thing, abhorrere a re: 
aversari aliquid : aliquid spernere, asper- 
nari, respuere. Jn. aspernari ac respuere 
aliquid : fastidire aliquem or aliquid (feel 
disgust or loathing). To entertain an an- 
tipathy against any body, animorum con- 
tentione ab aliquo discrepare : to feel a 
great antipathy against any thing, mag- 
num odium alicujus rei ffie capit. There 
is a great antipathy between two things, rea 
quajdam pervicaci odio dissident. 

ANTIPODES, qui conversis inter se 
pedibus stant (with relation to each other, 
Plin., 2, 65, 65). Our antipodes, qui ad- 
versis veatigiis stant contra nostra vesft- 
gia, quos uvr(7ro<5a£ vocant (Cic, Acad., 2, 
39, 123) ; qui adversa nobis urgent vestigia 
(Cic, Somn. Scip., 6, in.) : qui simt con- 
trarii vestigiis nostris (Lact.). In the Silver 
Age, antipodes, antichthones (avri-nootS, 
dMTi\6nveS).- 

ANTI-POPE, * antipapa. 

ANTIQUARIAN. Antiquarian research- 
es, studies, * antiquitatis investigatio or 
Btudium : * antiquarum literarum studia. 

ANTIQUARY, rerum antiquanmi studi- 
osus (one fond of antiquarian pursuits ; 
a collector, &c.) : rerum antiquarum liter- 
ate peritus (of antiquarian knowledge) : 
* veterum librorum coemtor (a collector 
of old books) : antiquitatis investigator 
(one who investigates antiquarian s7ibjects). 

ANTIQUE, adj., Eintiquus : antique ope- 
re factus : antiqm operis. Vid. Ancient. 
II .^TJ. antique, opus antiquum: res an- 
tiqua : res antique opere facta : res antiqui 
operis. A cabinet or museum of antiqui- 
ties, * thesaurus quo vasa, statute, aliaeque 
res antiqui operis continentur : * horreum 
operum anti quorum. A collector of anti 
quities, * rerum antiquarum studiosus. 

ANTIQUATED, obsoletus (of dress, 
words) : exoletus (of words) : ab usu 
quotidian! sermonis jam diu intermissus 
(of words long gone out of common n.fe) ; 
ab ultimia et jam obliteratis temporibua 
repetitus (of words). 

ANTIQUITY, vetustas (the long dura- 
tion ; and, the olden time) : antiquitas (in 
all the meanings of the English word). An 
antiquity, antiqua res : antiquum opus. 
A monument of antiquity, monumentura 
antiquitatis. Roman antiquities, * antiqui. 
tates Romanae. Any thing bears about it 
evident marks of antiquity, plurima in ali- 
qua re antiquitatis ettigies. ' 

ANTISPAST, antispastus. 

ANTISTROPHE, antistrophe (Victo 
rin.). 

ANTITHESIS, contrarium (the opposite 
of any thing). " The antithesis of any 
thing," by crcl. with contrarius alicujus 
rei or alicui rei (e. g., hujus virtutis con- 
traria vitiositas, Cic.) : contentio (the 
placing together of opposite thoughts). 
Ons. (a) oppositum does not intimate that, 
the notion opposed to another is contrary 
to it : (b) antithesis is a grammaticaX fig- 
ure when one letter is put for another (as 
olli for illi) ; brtt antitheton is " an anti- 
thetical notion," so that antitheta may be 
used for "antitheses" (h;ec qu.« Grcpci 
antitheta nominant, qtmm contrariis op- 
ponuntur contraria, Cic. : " rasis Librat 
in antithetis," Pers.). 

ANTITYPE. The Latin fathers use 
substantia, Veritas, &c. (ojyposed to umbra, 
signum). 

ANTLER, ramus (but not without cornu 
mentioned, C<rs., B. G., 6, 26). Antlers 
(when used loosely for horns), comua, 

ANTONOMASIA, antonomasia (Quin- 
tilian). 

ANTRE, antrum. 

ANUS, anus. 

ANVIL, incus, udis. 

ANXIETY, angor: anxietas (anxitudo 
rare : angor is a temporary affection : anxi- 
etas, an abiding state) : sollicitudo (anxi- 
ety cau.<!ed by the apprehension of evil) : 
pavor (dread): trepidatio (impatience of 
rest, as a bodily effect of anxiety/ : afflicta- 
tio (great anxiety, anguish: not afilicdo. 



ANY 



APIE 



which is removed from Cic, TVsc, tn ait- | ing the atistcer " no ;" after " than," 
tcoJ editions) : matus {disturbed, perplexed \ " scarcely^. || Any ichere you please, ubi- 



staU). Full of ancietij, anxioe, trepidang 
or trepidus : soUicitus. To be in, or feel, 
anxiety, angi ; animo soUicito esse ; ani- 
mo tremere ; pavere : about- any thing 
(animo) angi de re : abotu any body, an- 
gorem capere, Bollicitum esse pro aliqno. 
To be in great anriety, angore contici; 
eestuare; angoribus premi, agitari, urgeri; 
angi intimis sensibus : to be tormented 
uriiA anriety, angore crucian. To cause 
any body anriety, ansiis curis implere ali- 
cujus animum ; soUicitudinem alicui stru- 
ere ; trepidationem alicui injicere. To be 
an anxiety, sollicitudinem esse {Cic). 

ANXIOUS, anxiua : soUicitus (anxius, 
especially from present causes; sollicitus, 
from apprehension of future erils) : pavi- 
aus: trepidus or trepidans [SrN. under 
Anxiety]. To be anxious about any 
thing, anxiom esse re or de re, seldom 
toith accusative or genitive, soUicitum esse 
de re : about any body, pro aliqno laborare. 
[Vid.»Kwe«n<iCT- Anxiety.] || Causing 
anxietf, anxius {not in Cicero in this 



via : if — any where, gicubi {of rest) ; si 
quo {of motion). || Any rehere = any 
whither, aliquo : quopiam : quoquam : 
usquam {with the same distinction as be- 
tween aliquis : quispiam : quisquam : ul- 
l\xs). From any where, alicunde. If from 
any where, eicunde. \\ Any more than, 
(after negative), non plus quam, &c. 

ANY, before comparatives: nihilo, with- 
out Don : the comparative only, non being 
expressed [his concessis, nihilo magis effi- 
ciatur, quod yelltis ; non fcram din- 
tius]. 

AP.\CE, celeriter : cito : festinanter : 
velociter : to run apace, celeriter ire ; ce- 
leri or citato gradu ire {of persons) ; inci- 
tatius fluere or ferri (of streams). 

APART, seorsum {opposed to una) : sep- 
aratim {opposed to conjunctim). Often 
expressed by se in composition : to place or 
set apart, seponere : to go apart, secedeie. 
Joking apart, remote joco. 

APARTJIENT, conclave {room that can 
be locked up, chamber — dining-room) : cu- 



meaning, but in Livy) : anxious cares, ! biculum {apartment to la ; but mostly 
' '  ' sleeping apartment) : dieeta {any living 

room ; e. g., a summer-house with chambers 
attached) : membrum {chamber, as portion 
of a house ; apartment) : cubiculum hos- 
pitale {dining-room) : cubiculum dormi- 
torium: membrum dormitorium (steep- 
ing apartment). 

APATHETIC, lentus (on which nothing 
makes any impression) : nihil sentiens : 
sensiis expers : a sensu aKenatus. 

APATHY, torpor {properly numbness: 
hence deadness of feeling) : indolentia, or 
CBCi.. with nihil dolere (insensibility to 
pain, with which duUness of mind is con- 
nected: avaKyrtaia) : stupiditas (stupid 
apathy as a quality) : socordia {apathy as 
far as it shows itself in thinking and re- 
solving) : animus durus : ingenium inhu- 
manum (hard, unfriendly nature) : lenti- 
tudo (insusceptibility of any impression). 

APE, simia : simius, poetically. A little 
ape, simiolus : pithecium (siQiiccov, Plata., 
contemptuously, of a damsel). {[Foolish 
imitator, sinua: * imitator ineptus : ca- 
cozelus (koko^XoS: especially an, imitator 
of bad things or properties, e. g., in an or- 



anxiffi ctirse : an anxious fear, timor anxi- 
us (Vrrg.) To make any body anxious, | 
aUquem sollicitare, solficitum habere, i 
Jn. anxium ac sollicitum habere: affic-  
tare ; soUicitudine or aegritudine afficere ; | 
Bollicitudinem or segritudinem alicui af- j 
ferre : to make very anxious, vehementer j 
angere ; vexare ; urere ; cruciare : dis- \ 
cruciare : miseris modis sollicitare. j 

ANXIOUSLY, anxie ; soUicite ; pavide ; ' 
trepide. I 

ANY, \\when all are excluded: quia- i 
quam and ullus ( (1) quisquam is used in 
the singular only, and as a substantive ; | 
never as an adjective, except with person- \ 
al nouns [e. g., scriptor, hostis, civis, j 
homo^], and, in Cic, personal nouns j 
of multitude [e. g., ordo, genus hominum, ' 
legatio]. (2) Quisquam or ullus is used 
in negative sentences ; in questions where j 
the answer " no" or " non^ is expected ; \ 
and after "than," "scarcely." After 
"loitAouJ" "ani/" is aliquis in a nega- 
tive,u\lxis in a positive sentence). \\"Any" j 
when all are included (i. e.z:z.any you I 
please), quilibet, quivis (quivis implies a 



deliberate, thoughtful choice; quUibet, a \ ator. Suet.). 



blind, inconsiderate one). {{ "A n y" after 
it, nisi, ne, num, quo, quanto, is generally 
the indefinite quia : but aliquis is used 
when the "any" is emphatic Si quis = 
''if any body," without any emphasis: si 
aliquis = " if any body," be he who or 
what he may (relating to quality) : si 
qoisquam = if there be any one, though 
no more (relating to quantity), gener- 
ally implying that there is probably none. 
[["Any"' in interrogations is often 
ecquio i so after quarere, crmctari, <fec. : 
" do you ask whether there is any hope .»" 
qnaeris ecqua spes sit ? fecquis or ecqui ; 
ecqna or ecqusb ; ecquid or ecquod : as 
adjectives.] ]{ Any ^'- some one or oth- 
er," " s« m e," aliquis : quispiam : aliquis- 
piam : ( (1) aliquis, aliqua, aUquid, sub- 
stantive ; aliquis or aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, 
adjectives: (2) aliquispiam, quispiam [sub- 
stantive and adjective], relate to a multi- 



APE, v„ perverse imitari : or, from con- 
text, imitari only. To ape any body's gait, 
alicujus incessum inepte exprimere. 

APER, Vid. Ape. 

APERIENT, catharticus. To take ape- 
rient metiicine, purgatione alvum sollici- 
tare. One must take an aperient, dejectio 
a medicamento petenda est 

APERTION, apertio (Varr., Appul). 

APERTLY, aperte. 

APERTURE. II Opening, foramen 
(general term for any opening made by 
boring) : cavum (burrow, pit, «fcc.) : hia- 
tus (any yawning JUsure) : rima (fissure ; 
a cut made lengthwise) : fissura (a rent) : 
lacuna (a space not filled up; e. g., in a 
ceiling) : lumen (the opening of a window 
or door ; any opening through which light 
can penetrate) : fenestra (aperture of a 
window) ; os (mouth-like aperture, e. g., of 
a cave): apertura ( f-'i;r.). [Tfitis=AiB- 



tude, intimating that it is immaterial which hole, vid.]. Aperture of a reed, ri vus fis 



individual of thai number is thought of) 
\\ Any single person ; any one sin- 
gly ; tmus quilibet: quilibet unua : unus 
quivis. \\ After a negative, '' any body," 
" any thing," are often omitted before a 
relative clause: " / hate not any body to 
sen, or whom J can send," non habeo 
quem mittam. 

ANY, with adverbs. || Any where, ali- 
cubi, uspiam: usquam (with the same dis- 
tinction as between aliquis, quispiam, ul- 
lus). il At any time, aliquando, quando 
(the latter when there is no emphasis; es- 
pecially after si, ne, quo, num, &c.) ; um- 
quam (after negatives, in questions expect- 



tiilae. \\ To make an aperture in any thing, 
aliquid aperire (general term) ; perforare 
(to bore through it). To hare apertures, 
aperturas habere (f'Mr.). \\Act of open- 
ing, apertio (Varr., patefactio only im- 
proper as act of divulging). 

APEX. apex. 

APHiERESIS, aphaereds {■i(^atpzei;). 

APHELION, *aphelium {ipfi\tov, tech- 
nical term). 

APHORISM, sententia : dictum. 

APIARY, apiarium (Col.) : alvear or al- 
vearium : meUarium ( Varr.). 

APIECE, to be translated by using a 
distributive numeral; with which, however, 
qaisapeorwansqnisqacwith genitive (sub- 
1 Cicero's praaice is thus given by Sti- \ stantive), or singuli (adjecttre), may be 
renburg, using scriptor for the noun. I used : " the common people received an al- 
NoM. quisquam (not ullus) scriptor. Gen. lotment of two acres apiece" bina jugera 



cujusquam (not ullins) scriptoris. Dat. 
cuiqnam (not ulli) scriptori. Ace. quen- 
qu'im or ullnm scriptorem. Abl. ullo 
•oriptore : once only, quoquam homine. 



agri plebi dividebantur. " You art to re- 
ceive an allotment of two acres apiece," cui- 
que vestrum bina jugera assignantur. 
The prtetors receive two thousand infantry 



AP OS 

apiece, prstorilnis octona mlDui peditnm 
dkta. 

APISH, cacozelus (foolishly imitating. 
Suet.) : inepte imitans aliquid, inepte ex- 
primens aliquid. Sometimes ineptus imi 
tator; inepta imitatrix (e. g^ "-our apish 
nation," nos, inepti imitatores, or imita- 
tores only ; gens inepta imitatrix [alicujus 
rei} : vultuosus (grimacing) : gesticula- 
tionibus molestus {vexing one by airs ana 
attitudes). Vid. Affected, Slli-y, Play- 

FtTL. 

APISHNESS, cacozelia (Sen.). \"id. 
AtFECTATIOX, SrU.LNES3, Playfttl- 
NESS. 

APITPAT. My heart goes apitpat, cor 
salit: pectus trepidat (Ov.). 

APLUSTRE, aplustre (plural, aplustra 
or aplustria; dative and ablative, aplostria 
or aplustribus). 

APOCALYPSE, Apocaljpsis (TertulL). 

APOCOPE, apocope. 

APOCRYPHA, ^)ocryphi fibri {Eccl., 
d-i:6Kpvii>oi). 

APOCRYPHAL, suspectus: euspicio- 
suB (exciting great suspicion). Sometimes 
incertus : dubius. To be apocryphal, sus- 
picione non carere. 

APODICTICAL, apodicticus (GelL, ar- 
gumento — ^non probo, neque ^odictico) : 
certissimus : quod in dubium vocari ne- 
quit 

APOGEE, * apogeeum (in Plin., venti 
apogaei, blowing from the land). 

APOLOGETICAL. by cbcl. with de- 
fensio : defendere : se pnrgare, excusare 
(in TertulL, apologeticus [e. g^ Uber] ; 
defensoiius). 

APOLOGIST, defensor : laudator (pan- 
egyrist). 

APOLOGIZE. To apologize (=plead) 
for any body, causam alicujus defenden- 
dam suscepisse ; dicere pro aliquo : scri- 
bere pro ahquo (of composing a written 
apology) : aliqucm purgare de aliqnd re : 
cnlpam alicujus rei demovere ab aliquo : 
aliquem defendere de aliqud re : for any 
thing, purgare aliquid (to prove on^s in- 
nocence, the thing being either not done, or 
not being wrong): excusare aliquid (to 
bring grounds of extenuation for a fault 
confessedly committed ; e. g., it having been 
done unintentionally, in ignorance). 

APOLOGUE, apologus ( — nairationes 
apologorum, offables,~Cic). 

APOLOGY, defensio (a defense) : pur- 
gatio : excusatio [Syjj. under Apolo- 
gize]. 

APOPHTHEOI, sententia : dictum. 
A pithy apophthegm, elogium (e. g.. Solo- 
nis, Cic). 

-4POPLECTIC, morbo, quem apoplex- 
in vocant, correptus : apoplexi arreptus : 
apoplecticus ; apoplectus (dizo^'XriKTiKoi 
or a-&z\>jKTOi : Firm. Mathes. : CaL Aur., 
Acut.) ; paralyticus (irapa^vTiKdi). 

APOPLEXY, apoplexis : apoplexia 
(loss of all on^s limbs, accompanied with 
loss of consciousness : dr(SirXi7^if, -ia, in 
Cels.) : paralysis (s-opoAuffis) or nervorum 
remissio (properly the loss of one side or 
limb ; but in Celsus's time=^every kind of 
apoplery). To suffer, Sec, a stroke of ap- 
oplexy, morbo, quem apoplexin vocant, 
corripi ; apoplexi arripi. 

APOSIOPESIS, aposiopeas (Quint.): 
reticentia (Cic). 

APOST.iSY, * defectio a sacris : defec- 
tio (apostasia, Salv., de Gubem. Dei). 

APOSTATE, defector (Tac.) : apostata 
(Tertull., Sedul. : drzoardrrfi) : * desertor 
patriae religionis ; * qni patria sacra abju 
rat (Krebs). 

APOSTATIZE, deficere, desciscere ab 
aliqno : * patria sacra deserere : * Chris- 
tianorum sacra deserere. 

APOSTEMATE, suppnrare. 

APOSTEME, Sulcus: apoEtema: ab- 

AP05TUME, 5 scessns. Vid. Ab- 

APOSTLE, apostohis (EccL). Act* of 

the apostles, apostolorum acta (plurat) or 

res gestjB. 
APOSTLESHIP, >apostolatus (Tert.) : 
APOSTOL.\TE, J *munusApost6Ii. 
APOSTOLIC, iapostolicus (Tert.): 
APOSTOLICAL, 5 ab apostolo or 

apostolis traditns. The apostoli agt, 

apostolica stas (Tert.). 

31 



APP A 

APOSTOLICALLTf, * apostolorura | 
more. i 

APOSTROPHE, II a rhetorical fig- ! 
ure, apostrophe. (2) || Grammatical j 
nark, apostrophes or -us {Donat., Dioni.). 
APOSTROPHIZE, aliquem alloqui, af- 
fari, appellare, compellare [Syn. under 
Accost] : omnem orationem ia aliquem 
or aliquam rem transducere, convertere ; 
transduoere et convertere. 
APOSTUME. V-'i. Aposteme. 
APOTHECARY, medicamentarius (a 
preparer of drugs, potions, <fcc., Plin.) : 
pharmocopOla {drug-seller, mostly of an 
itinera?it vender ; .quack) : medicvis {g<^n- 
eral term). Aji apothecary's shop, medici- 
na taljerna or medicina orily : taberna in- 
structa et ornata medicinw exercendas 
causal (nf a well-stored shop). To be an 
apothecary, medicimieatariam or medicam 
exercero, factitare. 

APOTHEOSIS, apotheosis {Tert. : d-no- 
6c(0(7is) : consecratio ( Tac, Ann^ 13, 2, tnd). 
AP0ZB;M, apozema, atis {jEmil., Macer. 
Herb. : dzo^tiia, a decoction). 

APPALL, aliquem terrere, exterrere : 
terrorem aiicui ati'erre, inferre, otfen-e, 
injicere : incutere : aliquem in terrorem 
conjicere : terrore aliquem complere : 
pavorem effundcre aiicui : perterrere, 
perterrefaeere aliquem : pavore percel- 
lere alicujus pectus. 

APPALLMENT. Vid. Discourage- 
ment. 

APPANAGE (of a pri7ice), aiicui prtebi- 
ta annua (Suet.). 

APPARATUS, apparatio (as act); ap- 
paratus (as thing). Sometimes quae ad 
aliquid pertinent. 

APPAREL, vestis : vestitus : cultus: 
vestis ornatus. Jn. vestitus atque orna- 
tus. Vid. Dress. 

APPAREL, v., vestire : convestire ves- 
te tegere : veste induere aliquem : vestc 
aliquem amicire. To be apparelled, ves- 
tiri, amiciri aliqua re. Vid. Dress. 

APPARENT, \\seeming, opinatus (im- 
aginary ; e. g., good, evil, opposed to ve- 
rus) : simulatus, fictus. Jn. tictus et sim- 
ulatus (jrrttended: opposed to verus) : 
imaginarius (what is present, happens, &c., 
only inform, without having full validity ; 
imaginary : first in Liv., neque so imagi- 
nfiriis fascibus eorum cessuros esse, 3, 
41) : adumbratus (sketched in appearance 
only ; feigned : opposed to verus): fuca- 
tus, fucosus (deceiving by a fair appear- 
ance; hence, not geiiuinc: opposed to ve- 
rus). jn^!^ Speciosus is never " seeming," 
but " striking the senses by its fair cxte- 
rior." Sometimes apparent may be trans- 
lated (a) by the adverb ficte. "An appar- 
ent reconciliation," gratia ticte reconcili- 
ata ; (b) by id quod vidctur neque est ; e. 
g., "apparent expediency," ea qua3 videtur 
utilitas, neque est ; id quod videtur utile 
esse, neque est : (c) by species with the 
genitive, "an apparent advantage," spe- 
cies utilitatis. \\Indubitable, plain: 
manifestus, apertus. Jn. promtus et 
apertus, apertus et manifestus : perspicu- 
us. Jn. apertus et perspicuus : non du- 
bius : ccrtus : evidens : testatus (proved 
by evidence) : preesens (already at hand) : 
ante oculos positus : notus, cognitus 
(known) : luce clarior. It is appare^it, pa- 
tet, appai-ct, manifestum est, in oculos 
ineurrit. /( is quite apparent, omni luce 
or soils luce clarius est [not meridianil 
luce clarius est]. To make any thing ap- 
parent, aperiro, patefaccre, palain facere. 
To become or be made apparent, patcficri : 
e tencbris erumpere (of things suddenly 
becoming visible; o. g., a conspiracy). 
\\An heir apparent, *hercs Icgitimus 
(hcreditas Icgitima, was an inheritance 
given to a person by law, the owner of the 
property having cither died intestate or 
made an invalid will). 

APPAREN'l'LY, simulate, ficto. Jn. 
ficte et simulate. [Syn. in Apparent.] 
WFlainly, &c., aperte (subjectively; e. 
^.,mentiri, adulari; fnvere aiicui) : mani- 
festo (ohjectirely) : evidentcr : scilicet, -vi- 
delicet (mostly ironically). Also by mani- 
festum est. "Apparently he is a fuol," 
manifestum est, cum esse stultum. 

APPARITION, species (any appear- 
%nce; e. g., mortui, Appul.) : simulacnim 
32 



AP PE 

vanum (Ov., deceitful appearance) : um- 
bra (shadow ; e. g., mortui. Suet.) : larva 
(disembodied soul, as an evil spirit of the 
night) : visum (something seen, a vision : 
also -visum somnii or somniantis [vid. 
Vision]) : ostentum : prodigium : por- 
tentum (a.stonishing appearance, foretell- 
ing what is about to happen). Afrighiful 
apparition, objecta res terribilis. Some- 
times species nova atque insolita An ap- 
parition of the night, visum noctumum : 
species nocturna : in the heaven, phse- 
nomenon. Spectrum is not Latin in this 
sense; =^ti6tD\ov only in the sense of the 
Stoics: mostellum found only in the sec- 
ond (spurious) argument ofPlaut., Mostel- 
laria. Appul. has also occursacula noc- 
tium : bustorum formidamina : sepulcro- 
rum terriculamenta (terrific spectres haunt- 
ing graves). To f'.ar apparitions, simu- 
lacra vana timSre : to he disturbed by ap- 
paritions, umbris inqmetari. I tee appa- 
ritions, obviiB milii fiunt species mortuo- 
rum. \\ Appearance, adventus (ap- 
proach) : praisentia (presence) : species. 
A sudden apparition, repentinus objectus 
(Nep., Hann., 5, 2). 

APPARITOil, apparitor : accenaus : 
viator (vid. Diet, of llom. Antiq.). 

APPEAL, »., appellare aliquem (to the 
tribunes of the people, the senate, the em- 
peror, Sec.) : provocare ad ahquem (espe- 
cially to the whole people: tribunes plebis 
appello et provoco ad populum, Liv., 8, 
33. Both verbs also stand absolutely) : 
against any body or any thing, appellare, 
provocare adVersus aliquem or aliquid 
(also provocare aliquid) : from any body 
to any body, ab aliquo ad aliquem : to the 
people from a sentence, ad populum prov- 
ocare sententiam: HcrtH to witness, 
&c. : testari, testem facere aliquem, &c. : 
to appeal to Heaven, deum testari; deum 
invocare testem. || Call loudly upon, 
inclamare aliquem : invocare aliquem. 

APPEAL, s., appellatio : jirovocatio 
[vid. Appeal, ».] : to any body, ad ali- 
quem, also alicujus : to any body from 
any body, ab aliquo ad aliquem : to any 
body against any body or any thing, ad 
aliquem ad versus aliquem or aliquid. To 
make an appeal, appellationem, provoca- 
tionem interponere (Scavol., Dif.) : to re- 
ceive or allow an appeal, appellationem 
admittere, recipere (IJlp., Dig.) : to grant 
any body an appeal, dare aiicui provoca- 
tionem or jus provocationia (adversus 
aliquem). A magistrate or punishment 
from which there lies no appeal, magistra- 
tus, poena sine provocatione. \\An ap- 
peal (as writing), libellus appcllatorius 
(Ulp.,Dig.). \\A court of appeal, *iu- 
dicium ad quod provocari potest: *8e- 
natus provocationum. 
APPEALANT, ) appellator (Cic): qui 
APPEALER, 5 appollat, provocat. 
APPEAR, \\become visible, apparere: 
in conspectum venire : conspici : ee of- 
ferrc, oft'erri (to come in one's way sud- 
denly) : erumpere (to come forth sudden- 
ly) : existere (of celebrated persons mak- 
ing their appearance in the world; in his- 
tory). Sometimes particular modes of ap- 
proach to a country should he used, as ap- 
pellere navcm ad; e. g., "Two hundred 
years later Pelops appeared in Argos," ap- 
pcUere, cscendere, or egredi may he used. 
To appear to a person in a vision, osten- 
dcre se aiicui in somnio; videri in som- 
nis, per somnum, per quietem, in quiete. 
Day appears, dies venit; illucescit. To 
appear in public, in publicum prodiro, 
jjrocedere, egredi : not to appear in pub- 
lic, domi se tcnere; ])edcm domo non 
cfferre (not to stir out) : |)ublico cariire 
or abstincre (not to appear in public) : 
odisse celebritatcm ; hominum celebrita- 
tem fugere (to shrink from appearing in 
public; to hate a crotcd): seldom appear- 
ing in public, rarus cgressu (Tac). To 
appear in person, coram or pra"sentcm 
adesse : to appear at a public meeting, an 
assembly of the people, in concione adesse. 
II To appear (be published), ofabook, 
in lucem edi; *luc( m videre ; *prodire. 
117*0 appear before a court, in judici- 
um venire : at an appointed time, se sis- 
tero (of the accused person and his sure- 
ties) , vadimonium sistere (of a surety : 



APPE 

oppo.'^ed to vadimonium deserere, tctfnr- 
feit his recognizances) : to appear in amrt 
with any body, aiicui adesse in judicio (to 
assist him with advice, countenance, &c.). 
II Seem, videri: the impersonal form "it 
appears" is mostly translated personally ; 
"it appears as if our friends would not 
come," amici nostri non venturi videntur: 
" it appears as if we had lost the cause," 
causa cecidisse videmur. To appear in 
any body's eyes, judicio alicujus es.se : ab 
aliquo existimari ; videri aiicui ; esse 
apud aliquem. \\It appears:^ is evi- 
dent, patet; apparet; liquet; intelligilur: 
it appeared from many proofs or signs, 
multis emanabat indiciis. || To make it 
appear, that, &c., docere, especially with 
argumentis : demonstrare : firmare, coh- 
firmare, especially with argumentis : effi- 
cere, vincere, evincere. Vid. Prove. 

APPEARANCE, adventus (approach): 
prKsentia (presence) : vadimonium (ap 
pearance of a surety in court): "on the 
appearance of the enemy all fled," *hoste 
appropinquante omnes terga vertorunt. 
II That which appears, res objecta 
(what is presented to the eyes, Cic., Acad.,. 
2,12, 38) : visum (what is seen, a sight, a 
vision) : species (a form one believes one's 
self to have seen, whether when awake or in 
a dream) : simulacrum (an image of the 
fancy, which, hearing a resemblance to 
some particular object, is supposed to be 
seen by a waking person. But spectrum 
= tiSij)Xov in the sense of the Stoics) : os- 
tentum: prodigium: portentura (prodigy, 
portent). A sudden ajtpcarance, repenti- 
nus oljjectus. An alarming appearance, 
objecta res terribilis. An unusual ap- 
pearance, species nova atque insolita : 
aUo facies insolita (Sal., Jug., 49, 4). An 
appearance in the heavens, pha>nomenon. 
Sometimes qu8B fiunt may do (e. g., quaj 
mari coelove fiunt). To make one's ap- 
pearance on the stage, in scenam prodire. 
WPcrsonal appearance, habitus corporis. 
II Appearance, opposed to reality, spe- 
cies : to put on the appearance of any 
thing, speciem alicujus rei pruibere ; 
simulare aliquid (to put on an appearance 
hypocritically : also simulare with, quasi 
and subjunctive, or accusative and infini- 
tive) : speciem alicujus rei induere : to 
have the appearance of any thing, speciem 
alicujus rei habere (of things) ; speciem 
alicujus rei pras se ferre : slmilitudinem 
quandam gerere speciemque alicujus (of 
persons). In appearance, specie : in spe- 
ciem (opposed to reapse) ; verbo : verbo et 
simulatione (opposed to revera, re ipsii). 
Sometimes simulate : ficte et simulate. He 
only put on the appearance of madness, aim- 
ulavit se furere ; simulavit furentem. He 
pretended to defend him to save appear- 
ances, speciem defensionis preebuit. First 
appearances are deceitful, prima frons de- 
cipit (Phcedr., 4, 1, 4). To judge by first 
appearances, dijudicare aliquid ex primi 
fronte. II Under the appearance (= 
pretext, pretence), specie, per speciem : 
nomine (under color of) : simulatione : 
per simulationem (under cloak of: sub 
jiraitextu or obtentu not classical). Jn. 
simulatione et nomine : fronte or in fron- 
tem (opposed to pectore). In all ap- 
pearance, haud dubie. But mostly by 
circumlocution with verisimilis or videri. 
In all appearance (or, to all appearances), 
he will not come, vcrisimillimum est, eum 
non venturum ; or, non venturus videtur; 
or, vereor ut venturus sit To all appear- 
ances, a war is at hand, bollum imminero 
or exarsQrum esse videtur. || To obscrre 
the apvearances of the sky, de coelo servare 
(of augurs). 

APPEASABLE, placabilis. To show 
himself appeasable, placabilom inimicis so 
prajbere, se prie.stare. 

APPEASABLENESS, placabilitas ; in- 
genium placabile : animus placabilis : ani- 
mus ad deponcndam ollensionem mollis. 

APPEASE, placare (general term to 
pacify ; e. g., numen diviiium ecolere vio 
latum precibus; iramdeorum; hostesr".i- 
publicie) : expiare (to appease by txpiatory 
rites : numen ; manes) : mitigare, linire (to 
soothe, to soften down ; ut eum tilii ordincm 
aut rcconcilics aut mitiges, CiV.). To ap- 
pease any body who is angry with another. 



APPE 

■wimniTi alicujua in aJiquem offenaorem 
recolligere : to appease any body tovard 
anotMer, placare aJiquem alicui or in ali- 
qnem ; aUquem cum aliquo, or aliquem or 
alicujiis animam alicui recondliare ; ali- 
quem cum aliquo reconciliare. || To ap- 
pease onis hunger or thirst, famem 
or Ettim explere or depellere (depulsare 
more poeumt) : sitim reprimere. 

APPEASEMENT, placatio (as ad) : rec- 
oaciliato concordiae or gratije : gratia rec- 
onciliala : reditns in syratiam. 

APPEASER, reconciliatorgratiffl (after 
Lie., 35, 45, 3 : compare AppuL, ApoL, p. 
286, Agrippa. populi reconciKator). 

APPELLANT, appeUator (CSc, Verr., 
4, 65, 146) : qui appellal;, prOTOcaL || To 
a battle: qui provocat; qoialiquem ad 
pmrn flm ad certamen proTocat; qui ali- 
quem ad pugnam evocat, lacessit, ad cer- 
tametL elicit. 

APPELLATE, Wperson appealed 
against, qui api>ellatar (de aliqua re). 
Sometimes reus. |! Entertaining ap 
peals, Sec. An appellate Jurisdiction, 

* judicimn ad quod provocari potest ; 

* senatos provocationum. 

APPELLATION. Vi± Najik. 

APPELL.\TIVE. An appeUatiee, to- 
cabnlum ( ::= " nomen appellatmnn"). 

jU'PELL.iTORY. " The a^eUatorf U- 
heV {Aylige). Ubellus appellatorius (Ulp.). 

APPELLEE. Vii Appellate. 

APPEND, addene: adjnngere: adjicene, 
agglutinare (vid. Add]. f^^Not ap- 
pendere, tahich is to "««§« ouf anjf 
thing to any body ; to " veigh." 

APPENDAGB^ accessio "(accessionem 
adjuni^re aedibua, Cic. ; minima accessio 
aemper Epirus regno Macedoniae fait, 
Liv.) : additamentuin : appendix (vidit 
appendicem animi esse corpus, Cic ; ex- 
iguam appendicem Etroaci belli conS- 
cere. Lie). A small appendage, appen- 
dicula : quasi qusdam appendicula tdicu- 
ju3 tei (Cic). 

APPENDANT, qm (quaj, quod) alicui 
rei hseret, adhserescit, ice. Often by suua 
(ejus or iilonim) ; proprius snus, or ejus, 
Slc. 

APPEND-AVT, s. Vid. Appendage. 

APPENDICATE. Vid. Append. 

APPENDICATION, adjunctio, apposi- 
tio. \\ Appendix. Vid. Appendage. 

APPENDIX Vid. Appendage. 

APPERT.ilN, Wbelong; of strict pos- 
session; est aliquid alicujus {not alicui) : 
aliquis possidet aliquid. This e^rpertains 
to me, luc meus est. [So aheays the pos- 
fessice pronoun, not the datire of the per- 
sonal one.'] ^Belong, relate to, tc, 
perdnere ad aliquid : spectare ad aliquid : 
referri or referendtun esse ad aliquid It 
appertains to a happy life, ad beatam vitam 
pertinet. Often by esse with the genitive. 
U To he due to, deberi. 

APPETENCE, appetitus: appetitio : ap- 
petentia. Vid. .Appetite. 

APPETITE, appetitus: appetitio: ap- 
petentia (ftriring after any thing; in- 
stinctire longing for it) : enpiditas : cu- 
pldo {the latter more poetical) : aviditas 
{greedy desire) : libido (o natural, mostly 
sensual, desire ; lust : Ubidines, unbridled 
desires, lusts): desiderium (longing de- 
sire accompanied by a sense of leant). Vid. 
Desire. || Desire of eating, cibi cu- 
piditaa, aviditas or appetentia: cibi ap- 
petendi aviditas {In GelL appetitus) : 
fames {hunger). Jfant of appetite, fasti- 
diura: cibi satietas («•*«» one is full). 
To hare an appetite, cibum appetere : to 
law a good appetite, to eat with apprtite, 
Ubenter cibum sumere {of an intaHi) ; 
libentpr c«enare {general term : but of a 
partiivilar instance, not of the habit) : to 
Aire Ti 3 appetite, * cibum fasti'iire : to hare 
nomTre appetUe, satiatum esse, cibi satie- 
tate teneri : to create or produce an appe- 
ti:e, appet'=ntiain cibi factre, prffistare. in. 
Titare. Wine crea'es an appetite, cibi ap. 
petentia invitatur vino. To gire any body 
an appetite (= male his mouth water), sali- 
vam ttUctti movere {Srn.). To get an ap- 
petite by walking, famem ambulando op- 
Bonare. To recover one's appetite, get a 
frtfh appetite, aviditatem cibi appetendi 
re vocare. To fall to with a good appet ite, 
integram famem ad cibum a^erre. 
3 



APPL 

APPETI nON, appetitio : appetitus : 
appetentia. 

APPL.ALT), plaudere, applandere alicui 
or alicui rei; applaudere et approbare 
aliquid. To applaud any body loudly, 
maximos plausus alicui impeitire. Vid. 

APPLALDER, laudator {praiser, gen- 
eral term) : praedicator {raunter, one who 
praises publicly) : pneco {the herald of 
any bodyspraise) : buccinator {trtimpeter; 
with contempt, e. g., alicujus existiination- 
is) : approbator {approcer, Cic). Fliny 
uses applausor. 

APPL.4USE, plausus {applause mani- 
fesud by clapping hands) : acclamatio, 
clamores {<q^)lause manifested by cheers. 
Sec. ; acclamatio especially of the people 
greeting afOBorite, in. the historians; for 
in Cic it is a cry of disapprobation). 
Jn. planmis damoresqne : laus, laudes 
{praise). To receive any body or any thing 
with applause, probare aliquem or aliquid 
approhire, comprobare aliquid (approve 
of) : landare aliquem or aliquid (praise). 
Jn. laudare et comprobare aliquid; ali- 
cui applaudere: plausum alicui dare or 
impeitire: applaudere et approbare ali- 
queui or aliquid: plausu, plausu et clam- 
ore prosequi aliquid. To receive or greet 
any body with clamorous applause, clamone 
et Tocibus alicui astrepere : any thing, 
magno clamore approbare aliquid. WUh 
or amid loud applause, cum plausibus 
clamoribusque. To court applause, lau- 
dem venaii ; assensionem captare. Amid 
the applause of the whole province, plau- 
dente totA provincia. A murmur of ap- 
plause, admurmuratio. 

APPLB^ malum (properly apple and all 
similar fruits ; e. z-, tuples, pomegranates, 
peaches, lemons, but not pears) : pomum 
(geheral term for any edible fruit). Ap- 
pies that hace been gathered, nutla strictiva 
(opposed to cadlva, failings) : apples for 
preserving, mala conditiva. The core of 
an apple, volva mali, pomi (Scrib., Larg., 
104, end). || Pupil of the eye, pupuia, 
pupilla: (as term of endearment) oculus, 
ocellus. To Une any body as the apple of 
on^s eye, aliquem in ocuHs ferre or ges. 
tare ; aliquem oculitus amai^ (Com.). 

APPLE-SAUCE, * pulmentum ex malis 
coctum. 

APPLE-TREE, mains : pomus. 

APPLE-WO.\L\N, pomaria. 

APPLIABLE. Vid. Applicable. 

APPLIANCE. Vid. Applicatio.v. 

APPLICABILITY, usus: utilitas (serv- 
iceableness for a purpose). 

APPLICABLE, ad usum accommoda- 
tus : utilis. To be applicable, usui esse ; 
usum habere: this .is applicable to him 
(L e., can be applied to him), hoc ad enm 
pertinet ; hoc in eo ralet or in eum cadit. 
Ifot to be applicable to any thing, alienum 
esse, abhorrere a re. 

APPLICANT, dratmloeution with verb 
"to apply:" qui rogat (aliquem aliquid) ; 
qui petit, poscit, contendit (aliquid ab ali- 
quo). 

APPLICATION, II «5i^ usus: usurpa- 
tio (act of using in a particular insrancf) : 
a bad Implication, abusus. To admit_ofa 
wider application, latins paterel ij Ap- 
plietntVTt~of mitTS, anum attentio 
(Cic). oftcncr intentio (act of directing the 
thoughts to any thing) : (filijentia (care 
with which one attends to any thing : op- 
posed toiindiligentia). In Cic appUcatio 
animi is the attaching of the mind to an 
object with affection. To makf a practi- 
cal application of any thing, aliquid ita 
tractare, ut id ad usum transferas. All 
the applications of an art, omnia, quae ali- 
qu4 arte effici possunt. || Application 
{■^.particular use) of a word, must be trans- 
lated by drcumlticution with rerbo uti (not 
rerbum usurpare, adhibere) : subjicere 
sententiam vocabulo; vocabulo aliquid 
signiScare, declarare. To use a word in 
a rare application, verbum doctiuscule 
ponere. " Cicero, too, makes a similar 
application of the word," item consimiliter 
Cicero verbo isto utitur. " Cicero uses the 
word in a contrary application," contra 
valet quum Cicero — ita dicit. f^^ Posi- 
tio dictionis is not Latin. \\ Petition, 
vid. y Act of applying, ciraanlocu- 



APPO 

tton ftpr participU admotus. "By the e^ 
pUeaOon of herbs," admotis herois (ani 
mam admotis fogientem sustinet hbrbi& 
Ob.). II To make the application (e. 
g^ of a tale), interpretari aliquid. 

APPLY, 11 to make a particular ust 
of any thing, uti aliqua re: any thing 
to any thing, adhibere aliquid alicui rei, 
or in re, or ad aliquid (to use it for any 
thing) : cjllocane in i« : impendere in or 
ad aliquid: conjerre ad aliquid (spend 
upon). To apply remedies to a disease, 
adhibere ren^dia morbo. i| To make 
use of as relative or suitable to 
something, transferre in rrm: tradu- 
cere ad rem : accommodare ad rem. To 
apply what was said to on^s self, ' aliquid 
de se dictum putare ; * aliquid de se in- 
terpretari. To apply a tale, &C., inter- 
pretari aliquid; de aliquo or aliqua re 
dictum putare. || Apply one thing to 
another, admovere aliquid alicui rei or ad 
aliquid (gtmeral term to move one thing to 
another; e. g., ad ignem): ^ponere ad 
aliquid (e. g., manum ad os). || To ap- 
ply one's self to a task, Ac, dilij<^n- 
tiam adhibere, industriam locare, sbidi- 
um collocare in re: (o a§jily on^s self 
very diligently to a task, magniiiTi stndimil 
et multam operam conferre ad aUquid. 

APPLY. iNTR., |]to be applicable. 
To apply to any body, ad ahquem perti 
nere ; in aliquem cadere : in aliquo valere. 
|] To apply to (=; make application to) ; 
confhgere, perftigere, refujere, ad aB- 
qnem (fly to for help) : se convertere or 
conferre ad aliquem ; adire or convenine 
aliquem (to turn to, go to any body) : se 
^»plicare ad aliquem (attach one's self to 
any body for protection: also for infor- 
mation) : rogare aliquem aliquid ; petered 
poscere, contendere aliquid ab aliquo; 
supplicare alicui pro re. 

APPOINT, II fix, statuere, constituere: 
destiaare (fix, determine) : designare (mark 
out). Jx. constituere et designare: di- 
cere (say, fix, by word of moath) : eligere 
(choose ; fa upon by choice) : finire, de- 
finire (jtt by assigning the limits; hence 
declare, fix. & circumscribcre) : convenit 
inter nos (seldom convenimus inter nos : 
we agree togeOier, &c.). To appoint a 
day, diem statuere. constituere, dicere, 
eligere: beforehand, diem praestituere, 
praefinire : to appoint a time, tempus di- 
cere, destinare : to appoint a time for the 
assault, adeundi (sciL castra) tempus de 
finire : to appoint time and place, tempus 
et locum condicere : to appoint a pretty 
distant day, diem satis laxam statuere : to 
appoint a day for the marriage, eUgere 
nuptiamm diem; nuptias in diem con- 
stituere: a day for the execution, diem 
neds destinare alicui. To appoint a law, 
legem sancire. To appoint any body 
wages, mercedem alicui constituere: a 
residence, circumscribere locum habitan 
di alicui : the bounds of his kingdom, ter- 
minane fines imperii To appoint any 
body on^s heir, aliquem heredem insti- 
tuere ; ahquem her«iem testamento scri- 
bere, fecere ; aliquem heredem nmncu- 
pare (L e., to name him oa svch before wit- 
nesses). To appoint any body (king. Sec.), 
constttnere aliquem (regem, &c) : to ap- 
point any body the keeper of antiher, ap- 
ponere ^quem cnstodem ajicujus : to op 
ptrint any body the guardian of another, 
tntorem aliquem alicui constituere (of a 
prince) : testamento aliquem alicui tuto- 
reta instituere (of a father appointing by 
wHt). Sometimes neeotium ahcui dare, nt 
Sec II To appoint any body to an o^-x, 
constituere aliquem alicui munere : prte- 
ficere or praeponere aUqnem muneri ; 
mandare or deferre ahcni munus : to ap 
point any body to succeed to another, ali- 
quem in alicujus locum substituere (gen- 
eral term) ; aliquem in alicujus locum 
subrogare, sufficere (to choose any body 
to sutxeed another who had died before th* 
expiration of his ofice, Sx. : Aibrogare of 
the proposer, sufficere of the people). B To 
appo in t any body or any thing to or for 
any body or any thing, destinare alicui 
aliquid or aliquem (e. g- aliquam viro 
nxorem). || To appoint (^ intend) 
any body or any thing to or far any ofice, 
fate, purpose, &c- destinare ad aXi: uid or 



APPR 

alicui rei ; designare ad aliquid {mark out 
for) : seponere alicui rui or in aliquid 
(to set apart for). \\ To be appointed 
(= destined to any thing by fate), alicm 
roi or ad rem natum esse : I'ato tieri ali- 
quid. " It is appointed to all men once to 
die" &c., ea lege or hoc fato nati sumus, 
Ot, &c. ; ita a natura genorati sumus, ut, 
&c. Ili^i^ that a person should be 
present at such a time or place, ali- 
quem adesse or venire jubere. " To ap- 
point any body to appear at Rome early in 
the following spring," inito proximo vere 
Bomfe aliquem adesse jubere : " to ap- 
point that a person should come back to 
one," aliquem ad se revcrti jubere : to 
appoint a place or time, condicere tempus 
et locum (coeundi, Just.). || Well ap- 
pointed, instructus: omnibus rebxis or- 
natus atquo instructus. Vid. Equip. 

APPOINTER, constitutor (Quint., Lac- 
tam.). 

APPOINTMENT, \\stipulation. Vid. 
Agreement. Constitutum. To have an 
appointment with any body, habere consti- 
tutum cum aliquo (e. g., cum podagra, 
viith the gout ; Cicero, platifully). To make 
an appointment with any body, cum aliquo 
miiii convenit, ut. We made an appoint- 
ment, inter nos convenit, ut, &c. Accord- 
ing to appointment, ut erat constitutuin : 
ex pacto : ex convento : ex conventu. 
\\ Order, jussus : jussum : mandatum : 
preeceptum. [Vid. Command.] Accord- 
ing to any body's appointment, jussu or 
auctoritate alicujus ; jubente aUquo ; also 
by jussus ab aliquo : sometimes by ab ali- 
quo only (as in .\thenienses, a quibus 
erat profectus, Nep., Milt., 2, 3, Dahne). 
\\ Equipment, vid. ]\ Allowance, vid. 
\\Act of appointing, constitutio. || To 
keep an appointment {=z appear at ari 
appointed day), ad diem adesse or sistere 
se, or sisti. 

APPORTION, assignare : dispertire : 
distribuere : impertire : tribuere [syn. in 
Allot.] : describere (Jf set down in writ- 
ing; e. g., suum cuique munus descri- 
bere): dimetiri. Sometimes Airi'^areviiquxd 
ad aliquid : aliquS re dirigere a'.inuid : 
modulari aliquid aliqua re (i. e., to bring 
one thing into due proportion to another). 
APPORTIONER, * divisor {especially 
of lands to colordsts, Cic, Phil., 5, 7, 20) : 
asslgnatOT {Ulp.): distributor {Trism. ad 
^scul, p. 92, 26). 

APPORTIONMENT, assignatio (e. g., 
agrorum : as act or thing) : attributio : 
purscriptio (of money : the latter by writ- 
ing) : pars {aporlion) : divisio {act of divid- 
ing) : distributio. Vid. Allotment. 

APPOSE. Vid. Question. || Apply 
one thing to another. Vid. Apply. 
APPOfiER. Vid. E.XAMINEH. 
APPO.SITE, appositus (ad aliquid : ad 
judicationem, Cic, ad agendum, Cic.) : 
idoneus (ad aliquid) : accommodatus (ali- 
cui rei or ad aliquid) : consentaneus alicui 
rei: conveniens alicui rei or ad aliquid 
{suitable to)  aptus alicui rei or ad aliquid. 
APPOSITELY, apte (e. g.. dicore, aU- 
quid disponere) : to any thing, ad aliquid 
apte, accommodate or apposite. 

APPO.SITENESS, by circnmlocntion 
vyith accommodatum, aptum, idoneum, 
consrnt^neum esse ; conveuire or con- 
gruere (alicui rei or cum aliqud re), &c. 

APPOSITION, adjunctio : appositio (e. 
g., exemploruin) : adjcctio, or by parti- 
ciple, ndinotus, appositus, adjectus. || In 
grammar, * appositio, quam grammatici 
vocant. 

APPRAISE, a;stimare {general term to 
value). Censere was the act of the censor, 
&c., valuing property with a view to taxa- 
tion. 

APPRALSER, ffistimator. Valuer of 
property with a view to taxation, cen.sor. 

APl'ilKCIABLE, circumlocution by ees- 
timari posse. 

APPRECIATE, ffistimare : a)8timare ex 
aequo. 

APPREHEND, \\lay hold on, pre- 
hendere, approhendere, coraprehcndcre 
aliquem or aliquid : with any thing, ali- 
qusl re : prchendere or comprehendere 
aliquid manibuB : maim prehendero or 
reprehendore aliquem {the latter, for the 
mirpose of dragging him back ; e. g., a 



APPa 

loldier flying from battle). \\ To arrest, 
Sec, comprehendere {general term) : in 
custodian! dare : in vincula conjicere 
{pM in prison) : e fugsl retrahere aliquem 
((/ he was flying). \\ Seize with the 
mind; comprehend: capere {to take a 
thing) : intelligere {to understand it) : 
(mente) percipere {to take it in; see it 
clearly) : assequi {to follow it ; hence to 
master it). || Fear, vereri, timere, me- 
tuere. Vid. Fear. 

APPREHENSIBLE, quod inteUigi or 
mente percipi potest. 

APPREHENSION, comprehensio {aa 
of seizing ; of arresting ; e. g., sontium, 
Cic.) : prehensio {in a judicial sense ; e. 
g., jus prehensionis habere, of arrest). 
\\ Mental conception, captus {manner 
of apprehending ; in classical prose, only 
in the phrase ut est captus alicujus or 
aliquorum) : vis percipiecdi {faculty of 
comprehending) : intelligenda {power of 
understanding ; understanding ; post- 
Augustan, intellectus) : intelligendi pru- 
dentia or prudentia {the understanding 
as a faculty, and a clear view into the na- 
ture of things obtained by its means, Cic, 
De Dr., 1, 20, 90 ; and Partit., Or., 8, 29) : 
ingenium {mental powers generally ; quick- 
ness, talents). Quickness of apprehension, 
celeritas percipiendi ; celeritas ingenii. 
Quick of apprehension, docilis : in aliquo 
est ingenii docilitaa {easily learning) : 
perspicax {seeing clearly through a thing). 
Slow of apprehension, indocilis : tiirdus : 
stupidus. To descend to the apprehension 
of one's audience, ad intelligentiam au- 
dientium or auditorum descendere. Suit- 
ed, adapted, &c., to the apprehension of 
ordinary men, ad sensum popularem vul- 
garemque or ad commune judicium popu- 
laremque intelligentiam accommodatus or 
accommodate ; intelligentia a vulgari non 
remotus : to descend to the apprehension 
of one's pupils, of beginners, ad intelligen- 
tiam discentium descendere ; se summit- 
tere ad mensuram discentium {Quint.) : 
to be beyond our apprehension, fugere in- 
telligently nostras vim : to sharpen appre- 
hensions, ingenium or intelligendi pru- 
dentiam acuere. || Notion, opinion, 
Vid. \\Fear, anxiety, Vid. 

APPREHENSIVE, |i quick ofappre- 
hension, docilis: perspicax. \l Fear- 
ful. Vid. Fearful, Fear, v. || Sensi- 
tive, * sensu praeditus. Also, patibilis 
(e. g., natura, Cic). Sometimes mollis, 
moUior, * qui facile movetur. 

APPREHENSIVELY. Vid. Fearful- 
ly. 

APPREHENSIVENESS, intelligentia : 
intelligendi prudentia. 

APPRENTICE, discipulus artificia or 
magistri {v. Cic, De Or., 3, 9, 35) : puer 
discens {both for pupil generally ; the lat- 
ter, if he is a lad under seventeen) : tiro 
{one still a beginner in his art) : tabemaj 
alumnus {pupil, lad, &c., of a handicrafts- 
man or shopkeeper ; e. g., tabcrnfe su- 
trinsB alumuus, a shoemaker's apprentice). 
f^^ None of these words fully express 
our notion }f an apprentice : perhaps * ab 
aliquo in disciplinam recrptus, or ab ali- 
quo in disciplinam soUomni ritu receptus. 
To receive a lad as one's apprentice, * pu- 
erum soUemni ritu in disciplinam reci- 
pere. 

APPRENTICE, v., *puerum tradcre 
opifici in disciplinam {of the father, &c.) : 
* dare puerum in tabcrnam opificis. 
APPRENTICEHOOU, ) annus or anni 
APPRENTICESHIP, J di^ciI)Una^ 
To serve one's apprenticeship, * tirocinium 
ponere, de])onere. 

APPRISE, docere {general term, to in- 
form, teach) : edocerc {to impart sufficient 
informatioji about a particular circum- 
stance) : monere {to gipe information by 
way of warning) : all these aliquem, ali- 
quid, or de re : certiorem facere aliquem 
de re or alicujus rei. To be apprised of 
any thing, certiorem fieri de re ; edoceri 
aliquid ; cognoscerc rem. 

APPROACH, II o/ person.'! : accedero 
ad aliquid : appropinquare ad aliquid or 
alicui rei : adventare {absolutely, to av- 
proach rapidly ; especially of an enemy in 
the historians) : succedere aliquid, ad or 
sub aliquid {draw near to gradually). To 



APPR 

approach {of a general), copias adducere, 
(propiuB) admovere (e. g., cd urbem). 
IfO/ time: appropinquare: appetere: 
adventare (L e., wixh rapid steps) : immi 
nere, instare {to be at hand ; of a threat- 
ening approach) : prope adesse ; subesse 
{to be near). The time approaches when, 
prope adest, quum, &c. : the seventh dap 
was approaching, appetebat dies sepU- 
mus : to have approached one's eightieth 
year, prope ad octogesimmn annum per- 
venisse. || To come near to, resem- 
ble, prope accedere (ad) ; accedere ad 
similitudlnem alicujus rei ; non multum 
abesse (a) ; simile esse alicujus. To ap- 
proach the truth, prope accedere ad veri- 
tatem ; non multum abesse a veritate ; 
simile esse veritatis. 

APPROACH, TR., admovere aliquid ali- 
cui rei. 

APPROACH, s., appropinquatio : ac- 
cessus : adventus : successus {gradual 
approach ; e. g., of enemies) : appulsus 
{rapid approach ; e. g., of ships). Sudden 
approach, adventus repentinus, improvi- 
sus : unexpected approach, interventus, 
superventus {Tac, Hist., 2, 54, 1) : simili- 
tudo {approach in the way of resemblance). 
The approach of the sun, appulsus soils : the 
approach of death, mortis appropinquatio : 
at the approach of death, morte appropin- 
quante : at the approach of night, nocte ap- 
petente; sub noctem(7!oe nocte). \\Access. 
(1) As place, aditus: to close all the ap- 
proaches, omnes aditus claudere, inter- 
cludere, prfficludere, obstruere. (2) Lib- 
erty of approaching, aditus : to be 
easy of approach {of persons), aditus ad 
eum est faciUs. Vid. Access. || Ap- 
proaches {of a besieging army) must be 
translated by opera {works). To make 
approaches, opera urbi admovere : urbem 
operibus aggredi. 

APPROACHABLE, patens ; faciUs ac- 
cessu {of places) : ad quem faciles sunt 
aditus {of persons). Vid. Accessible, Ac- 
cess. 

APPROACHMENT. Vid. Approach, g. 

APPROBATION, probatio : approba- 
tio : comprobatio (approval) : assensio or 
asseuEUS (assent) : plaueus (applause) : 
assentatio (hypocritical approbation ; in 
good sense, post-Augustan) : acclamatio : 
clamores (cries of approbation ; but in 
Cicero, acclamatio is a cry of disapproba- 
tion.) Jn. plausus clamoresque. To re- 
ceive any thing or any body with approba- 
tion, probare aliquem or aliqmd; appro- 
bare, comprobare aliquid (approve) : ali- 
cui applaudere, plausum alicui dare or 
impertire ; applaudere et approbare ali- 
quem or aliquid ; plausu, plausu et cla- 
more prosequi aliquid (to applaud it) : as- 
sentire, or assentiri alicui, or alicui rei ; 
alicui assentari, suffragari, astipulari, al- 
bum calculum adjiccre alicui rei (vote for 
it: the last Pliny). To express unani- 
mous approbation of any thing, consensu 
et una voce approbare aliquid. Not to 
give, to withhold, one's approbation, assen- 
sum {also with a re) retinere, cohibere : 
sustinere se ab assensu : to express clamor- 
ous approbation of any body, clamore et 
vocibus alicui astrepere : to express appro- 
bation loudly, magno clamoro approbare 
aliquid. To receive, or be honored with, 
a]>j/robation, approbari: any body's appro- 
bation, proban alicui or ab aliquo ; alicui 
placero : general apjrrobation, omnibus 
prohari or placere ; ab omnibus laudari ; 
omnium assensu comprobari. With clam- 
orous expressions of apj/robation, cum 
plausibus clamoribusque. To meet with 
no approbation, improbari ; displicere : a 
speech is received without any approba- 
tion, oratio friget. 7'o court approbation, 
assensionem captare ; laudem venari. 
\\ Liking for, amor: studium alicujus 
rei : proclivitas ad aliqiud {of a bad in- 
clination for) : inclinatio animi or volun- 
tatis ad aliquid. || Attestation, adfirma- 
tio : confirmatio. (To do any thing) in 
approbation of{=.lo confirm) any thing, 
ut rem testimonio confirmet, <fec., or by 
other circumlocution with fidem alicui roi 
addere ; aliquid testimonio coufirmare, 
&c. 

APPROOF. Vid. Approbation 

APPROPERATE, ajiproperare. 



APai 

APPROPINQUATE, ly. app.oach 

APPROPLXQUE. I ^"^ APP»OACH. 

APPROPRLiTE, addicere alicni filiqaid 
(featgrnixe it as his property) : dicare, dedi- 
care alicni aliquid (appropruUt eiprtasly 
to any body, viutker to a god or to a num) : 
aliquid alicujus facere (aliquid meum, 
tuum, itc^ facere for second and third 
persona) : aliquid alicui propriiun tradere 
i(^~, to deliver it to him for his otcii) : ali- 
quid aHcm propriiun facere iUor.) : sa- 
crare, conaecrare (to dedicau to a god). 
H To appropriate to one's self, aliquid 
minin facere : aliquid sibi <w ad se Tindi- 
care ; also, vindicare aliquid (to cUtttn as 
oiUs property, whether justly or not) : in se 
tranaferre aliquid (to appropriate it un- 
justly) : arrogare sibi aliquid (to claim pre- 
sumptuously Kshat does not belong to one) : 
Eumere or as^innere sibi aliquid (to take to 
on^s self what does not rightfully belong 
to one) : sibi inscribere aliquid (of giring 
to ones self a title or character ; e. g., nomen 
pMlosopha): occupare aliquid (of seizing 
any thing before another who might wish 
to do the some) : sibi uni aliquid tribuere. 
719 appropriate to on^s self a part of any 
thing, nartem alicujus rei ad se vindicare : 
aliquid ex aliqua re sibi arrogare (e. g., 
of another man's merit, ex aliena laude) : 
^quid ex aliquft re sibi decerpere (e. g., 
ex alicujus laude). The nobles appropri- 
ated to themselves three magistracies, tres 
magistjratus nobilitas sibi sumsit. 

APPROPRIATION, assignatio (allot- 
ting, allotment, with agrorum erpressed or 
nnderstood) : addictio (e. g., bonorum) : 
consecratio (religious dedication ; proba- 
bly post-Augustan, for in Cic, Balb., 14, 
33, it seems to be a gloss : sacratio, late, 
Macrob.) : dedicado (dedication ; e. g., 
tempU, sdis ; also, the beginning to ap- 
propriate any thing to a particular use ; 
e. g., patinse. Suet.). 

APPRO VABLE, probabilis ; laudabflis, 
laude disnus (deserving praise): prsedi- 
cabUis (deserving to be extolled). 

i?PRm-lNCE.S^'i'i-^'»°»^"°'--- 
APPROVE, probare aliquem or aliquid: 
approbare, comprobare aliquid: laudare 
(to praise) : prjedicare (to extol) : assen- 
tire or asaentiri alicm rei (assent to) : 
album calculum adjicere alicui rei (Plin., 
vote for it) : ratum habere (to recognize 
as valid ; e. g., the acts of a governor, &c. : 
of a law, sometimes jubere). To approve 
of what lias been done, probare ea quas 
facta sunt. See more under Approba- 
tion. II To approve onei's self to any body, 
86 alicui probare. To approve one's self 
faithful. Sec., se lidum prtestare, prsebere. 
jl To prove, probare aliquid alii_-ui, &c., 
ViD. \\ Approved, to be, probari alicni 
or ab aiiquo: placere alicui; laudari (to 
be praised, &c.) : satisfacere (to satisfy). 
More under Apr&OBATtos. \\ Approved 
(p= tried and allowed to be so) : probatus ; 
^)ectatus ; spectatus et probatus ; gpecta- 
ttis et cognitus ; spectatus jam et dia 
cognitns ; confessus (allowed). A man 
of approved virtue, integrity, &c., homo 
probatus nr spectatus ; homo virtute cog- 
nitA ; vir spectatse intesritatis. 

APPROVEMENT. Vid Approbation. 

APPROVER, appro^Mst (e. g., pro- 
fectionis mese, Cic : opposed to suasor et 
impulsor) : probator (e. s., facti, Cic.) : 
comprobator (e. g., auctoritatis ejus et in- 
venaonis, Cic.) : laudator (pr/iw<T). || Ap- 
prover, in law, must be translated by the 
general term index (informer). 

APPROXLMATE, r.. intr. Vid. Ap- 
proach. rvTB. II Tk. Vid. Approach, tr. 

APPROXIMATE, propinquus : proxi- 
mu3. Sometimes by circumlocution with 
prope accedere ad aliquid ; non multum 
abesse ab aliqui re. 

APPROXIMATION, appropinquatio : 
accessus. [Vid. Approach.] To be an ap- 
proximation to any thing, (prope) acce- 
dere ad aliquid; aon multum abesse ab 
aliqnd re. 

APPULSE, appulsus (CTc). 

APRICOT, prunum .irmeniacum; also, 
Armeniacum or Armenium only. An 
aprieot-trte, Armeniaca. 

APRIL, Aprilis, with or without mensis. 
Tkejargt of April, Kalenda Apriles. Jlu 



ARAT 

fifik of April, Nonas Aprika. To make 
any body an April fool, Indibrio habere 
aliquem. April weather, varietas et in- 
constantia tempestatum ; crebra tempes- 
tatum conrmutatio ; coelxmi variana. 

APRON, subUgaculum, subligar (cover- 
ing round the loins) : campestre (worn by 
young persons engaging naked in the ex- 
ercises of the Campus Martins : wearing 
such an apron, campestratus) : prscinc- 
torium (a longer apron : late). A leather 
apron, * prsecinctoriimi coriarium [net 
ventrale or semicinctiuin] . I| /n gunnery, 
operculum. || An c^on-hold, * fendom 
muliebre. 

APRON-MAN, opifex. ColUctiveiy some- 
times, qui in tabemis sunt. 

APROPOS, audi! die qusso! Apro- 
pos of any thing, quoniam mentio hujus 
rei injecta est (since this subject has been 
mentioned) : sed quod mihi in mentem 
venit (but it just occurs to me). To come 
very apropos, opportune venire. 

APSIS, abaia or apds, gen., apsidis 
(aipii). 

APT, II fit, idoneus ad aliquid : aptos 
alicui rei or ad aliquid ; conveniens, con- 
gruens (unclassical, congruus), consen- 
tanens alicui rei or ad aliquid. [Stn. in 
Adapted.] || Inclined to, propensus 
ad aliquid (easily moved to any thing) : 
proclivis ad aliquid : pronos in or ad ali- 
quid (easily falling into any thing ; e. g., 
diseases, rage, passions, &c. Before Tac, 
pronus only of instinctive, passionate, and 
therefore pernicious, inclination) : studi- 
osus alicujus rei (/<Mi<i of). |^^ "Apt 
to dd' any thing, may often be translated 
by solere (of things and persons), assue- 
visse, consuevisse (of persons), with inlini- 
tive. II An apt wit, ingenium acucum : 
docile : excellens ; prsestans ; eximiiim. 
APT, V. Vid, Adapt. 
APTITUDE. Vid. Aptness. 
APTLY, apte (e. g., dicere ; aliquid dis- 
ponere) : ad aliquid apte, accommodate 
or apposite. Sometimes convenienter. con- 
gruenter. Jn. apte congruenterque : con- 
gruenter convenienterque : idonee : ap- 
posite : commode. \\ Readily, quick- 
ly, promte (Tac.) : celeriter, cito (quick- 
ly) : bene, optime (well). 

APTNESS, II disposition, proclivitas 
or animus proclivis (ad aliquid). || .4pt- 
ness for learning, ingenium ad aliqxiid 
aptum or habile; ingemi dexteritas; in- 
genium docile ; docilitas : insenii acumen. 
To have an aptness for any thing, habilem 
or aptum esse ad aliquid : a natural apt- 
ness, natum esse ad aliquid. || Fitness, 
convenientia (apt agreement; e. g., parti- 
um, rerum) : congmentia (Su,et. : morum, 
Augustin.) : habilitas (aptitude far any 
purpose : corporis habilitates, Cic.). 

APTOTES (indeclinables) ; aptota 
(oxrwra : Diom., Prise). 

AQUA FORTIS, * aqua fortis ; * chry- 
Eolca (technical term). 

AQU.\ M.ARINA, beryUua (according 
to O. Miller). 

AQUARIUS, Aquarius. 
AQU.\TIC, aquatilis (aquatiles bestiae, 
Cic. : also, artorea, frutices, Plin.) : aqua- 
ticus (aquaticae ares, Plin.). 
AQUATILE. Vid. Aqcatic. 
AQUEDUCT, aqus or aquarum ductus. 
Often aqua only ; e. g., "the atjueduct of 
Claudius," aqua Claudia. To make a n aque- 
duct to the town, aquam in urbem ducere. 
AQUEOUS, aquatiUs (having a watery 
taste, bcap^i : e. g., sapor, succus) : aqua- 
ticua is watery, wet : aquosus, watery, 
abounding in water. 

AQUILINE. An aquiline nose, nasus 
aduncus. [Aquilinus is, belonging to an 
eagle; eagle-like.] 

ARABESQUES, picturae monstra (after 
Vitr., 7, 5, 3) : rerum quae nee sunt nee 
fieri possunt nee fuerunt imagines (after 
Vitr., 7, 5. 4). 

ARABLE, arabilis (Plin., not as a gen- 
eral epithet of such land: campus nullis. 
ctnn siccus est, arabilis tanris'). Arable 
land, aser novalis (Varr.'), or novalis (se. 
terra), or novale (sc. solum : all, a Jield 
or land that must be ploughed). Sometimes 
by arva, pi. 

ARANEOUS, araneus. 
ARATION, arado. 



ARB O 

ARBALI.^T, arcubaUista (Veget.'). 
ARBALISTER, arcnbaUistariiis (F* 
get.). 

ARBITER, arbiter (one who decide* a 
cause on grounds of equity, whereat a ju- 
dex ts bound to decide by law ; also, in all 
the senses of the English word) : discepta 
tor (one who examines and decides upon 
the validity of tie grounds alleged; e. g,. 
in disagreements and verbal disputes). T\ 
choose any body as arbiter, aliquem arbi- 
trum or disceptatorem sumere: to ap- 
point an arbiter between two parties, arbi- 
tmm inter partes dare : to act as orbits, 
ease arbitrum or disceptatorem inter aK- 
quos : aliquorum controversiam diacep- 
tare or dirimere : to be arbiter in a cause, 
arbitrum esse in aliquare : alicujus rei ar- 
bitrimn est penes aliquem ; dirimere or 
diaceptare cJiquid (to adjust or settle a 
dispute) ; aliquid componere (to settle it 
in an amicable way). The decision of aa 
arbiter, arbitrium. || Judge, Vn). 
ARBITRAMI-:NT. Vid. ARBrrREareuT. 
ARBITRARILY, ad arbitrium : ad libi- 
dinem; ad voluntatem; ex libidine; ex 
voluntate ; insolenter. To form ward* 
arbitrarily, verba fingere inaotenter (Gell.) 
or licentius. ^^ Arbitrarily often 
implies cruelty, despotic conduct, 
&C., superbe, crudeUter. To act arbitror 
rily, crudeliter ac regie facere; crude- 
lisshne se gerere : to rule or govern arbt- 
trarily, crudelem superbamque domiaa- 
tionem exercere (after Cic, Phil., 3, 14, 34). 
ARBITRARIOUS, arbitrarius (opposed 
to certus. Plant. : to naluralis, Gell.). 

ARBITRARIOUSLY. Vid. ARBmiA- 
va.r. 

ARBITRARY, \\ despotic, unlimit- 
ed, absolute : infinitus ^unbounded) : 
snmmus (highest) : imperiosus (in o lord- 
ly, tyrannical way). Jn. imperiosus et 
superbus : impotens, against any body, 
alicui (in a passionate, unbridled way: of 
both persons and things) : importonus 
(hard, showing no mercy or consideration 
for others in onefs conduct: opposed to 
Clemens) . Sometimes crudelis in aUquem : 
aaevus in aliquem. Arbitrary power, in- 
finita or summa potestas ; imperium snm- 
mum; quumdominatuunius omnia tenen- 
tur; or dominatio only: to possess arbi- 
trary power, Eummo imperio preedituna 
esse. An arbitrary spirit, superbia. || De- 
pending on no rule, capricious : 
arintrarivs (late: dependent on one's own 
wtB ; e. g., motus, opposed to natnralLs, 
GeU.) : * libidine or ex libidine fiictus 
(formed by one's own will alone, and so 
capridou^) : insolens (unusual) : inso- 
lenter fictos (of words arbitrarily invented. 
Gel.). 

ARBITRARINESS, mostly by superbia : 
insolentia: impotentia. 

ARBITIUTE, II decide judicially, 
disceptare aliquid : decemere aliquid, or 
de re, or absolutely dijndicare aliquid 
(these three are also used of arbitration by 
the sword, ferro) : judicare aliquid or de 
re : decidere aliquid or de re : statoere, 
constitmere aliquid. To arbitrate in any 
matter, affirmare de re : in a dispute, con- 
troversiam disceptare, decemere, dijndi- 
care : de controversia decidere, statuere, 
constitaere. || Act as arbiter, arbitri 
partes suscipere : esse arbitrum or dis- 
ceptatorem (inter aliquos). Vid. "to be 
an arbiter," under Arbiteb. 

ARBITRATION, arbitrium. To refus* 
any body's arbitration, arbitrum or dis- 
ceptatorem aliquem recusare. To com- 
mit any thing to any body's arbitration, 
rem aUcujus arbitrio permittere: to tht 
arbitration of the sword, controversiam 
ferro dijudicare. decemere, disceptare. 
II Decision, dijudicatio, disceptatio (at 
action) : judicium, sententia (judical 
tentence'). 
ARBITRATOR. Vid. Abbitebl 
ARBITREMENT, arbitrium: senten- 
tia : judicium (judicial sentence) : discep- 
tatio: dijudicatio (act of deciding). 
ARBOR, umbracuhim : casa frondea 
' (poetical. Or.). 

I ARBORET. arbuscula (Vta-.). 
. ARBOREOUS, arboreus. 
 ARBOROr.-^, arboreus. 
i ARBOR- VINE, *convolTuhi8. 
39 



ARCT 

ARBUSCLE, arbuscula. 

ARBUTE, arbutua : arbutum (^fruU of 
it ; an if by metonymy, the tree). 

ARC, arcus (I'rj mathematics : segment 
of a circle, <fec.). || Arch, Vid. 

ARCADE, porticus : ambulatio arcuata 
{Kraft and Forbiger). 

ARCH, arcus (general term) : fornix 
{arch, arch-way ; both used of triumphal 
arches). An arched roof, camera (camera 
lapideis fornicibus vincta). Obs. Cicero 
censures Ennius's Ibrnioes coeli (" the 
arch of heaven") as a badly chosen image. 

ARCH, v., arcuare (Liv.) : camerare : 
concamerare (to arch over; cover with a 
vaultedroof: eaxaeraxe, Plin . only ; nidos 
canieraro ab imbri) : confomicare (Vi- 
truv., arch over). To be arched, arcuari 
(general term, to be arched or curved) : 
fomicatim curvari (Plin.) : concamerari 
(to be arched over ; covered with an arched 
roof). II Arched, areuatus : in formam 
arciis incurvus (Mela) : in apsida curva- 
tus (Plin.) : cameratus, concaraeratus 
(arched or vaulted over). Sovietimes con- 
vexus, gibbus (swelling out). 

ARCH, a., petulans ; lascivus. 

ARCH- (as prefix :=.) chief, (a) In dig- 
nities and titles archi- prefixed, as in Arch- 
bishop, Archiepiscopus : in other words 
(h), often by summus or maximus (with or 
without omnium) : by (c) caput or prin- 
ceps with genitive ; or (d) by qui totus ex 
aliqud re tactu8 est, or versatus in omni 
genere alicujus rel ; or, lastly (in a few 
words in Plant., and afterward in Juv.), 
by the Greek prefix ti-i- . . Thus, trifur, 
triscurria. 

ARCHAEOLOGY, * antiquaram litera- 
rum scientia : * antiquarum rerum scien- 
tia (according as acquaintance with an- 
cient literature or with other monumnents of 
antiquity is meant). 

ARCHANGEL, Archangelus (Eccl). 
\\ Dead-nettle, galeopsis : lamium. 

ARCHAISM, verbum or vocabulum ob- 
Boletum, exoletum, ab usu quotidiani ser- 
monis jam diu intermissum : dicendi, lo- 
quendi ratio obsoleta. 

ARCHBISHOP, Archiepiscopus (Cod. 
Just.). 

ARCHBISHOPRIC, archiepiscopatus. 

ARCH-DEACON, archidiaconus. 

ARCH-DUKE, * archidux. 

ARCH-PHILOSOPHER, summus phi- 
losophus. 

ARCH-PRESBYTER, archipresbyter. 

ARCH-PRIEST, summus sacerdos: 
archisacerdos : archipresbyter (Eccl.). 

ARCHED. Vid. Akch, v. 

ARCHER, Sagittarius. A mounted arch- 
er, hippotoxota. 

ARCHERY, * sagittarum emissio : cir- 
cumlocution by sagittas nlittere. As a 
game, *lusuum id genus, quo in orbes 
tela coniiciunt 

ARCHETYPAL, archetypus (Juv.). 

ARCHETYPE, _archet:fpum (Varr., 
Macr., apxtTviTov in Cic.) : * exemplum 
primiim : exemplum : species (used by 
Cic. for the. Platonic IMa). 

ARCHITECT, architectus [arclnitecton, 
Plaut., Sen.]. \\ C07itriver, auctor : 
parens : inventor : conditor : effector. 
Jn. parens cffectorque : princops : archi- 
tectus. Jn. princeps et architectus : in- 
ventor ct quasi arcliitectus : molitor : in- 
Btimulator: concitator. Jn. instimulator 
et concitator. The architect of. the world, 
creator or procreator mundi : eft'ector 
mundi moUtorque. 

ARCHITECTONIC, architectonicus 
(Vitr.). 

ARCHITECTURE, architectura (Cic.)  
trchitectonice (Quint.). 

ARCHITRAVE, epistylium. 

AEClltVARY, ab aotis (Inscr.). 

ARCHIVE, tabularium (archium, ar- 
chivum. crammatophylacion, post-classic- 
al). _ Archives, tabulffl publicae (acta 
puhlica or acta are the records of the pro- 
ceedings of the senate, people, &c. : talui- 
linum or tabllnum, a pla-e in a Roman 
house where documentary papers wtre kept). 

ARCH LIKE, in formam arcils incur- 
ms, &c. Vid. Akched. 

AR(;HVVISE, in formam arcfls : arcm- 
Sfau (Plin.). 

ARCTIC, Bcptemtrlonalis (re,'i(i, popu 
36 



ARGU 

lus, <tc.) : aquilonaris regie (Cic, proper- 
ly relating to the northeast). [Arcticug cir- 
culus, Hygin., Astron., 1, 6.] p^Bore- 
S-Vm, unclassical and poetical. Vid Nokth, 

NOKTHERN. 

ARCUATE. Vid. Abched. 

ARCUATION, arcuatio (only in Fran- 
tin.). 

. ARCUBALISTER,arcuballistarius(P'e- 
get.). 

ARDENCY, ardor (sc. amoris, Tib.): 
EBStus (of fevers, passions, Sec), vis. 

ARDENT, aniens : fervens or fervidus: 
a;stuosu3 (of raging heat). Impkopr., 
calidus ; ardens ; fervens or fervidus : 
acer (vehement, fierce). An ardent temper, 
ingenium ardens or fervidum. \\ Ardent, 
of spirits, &c., fervidus (after vina fervida, 
Hot.). 

ARDENTLY, ardenter ; ferventer ; 
acriter: cupide, avide (easterly). To de- 
sire ardently, ardenter cupere aliquid ; 
vehementer cupere. 

ARDOR, PROPR. Vid. Heat. Im- 
PROPR., ardor, fervor, ajstus (the first the 
weakest, the last the strongest : all three also 
icith animi, when mental ardor is meant) : 
impetus (impetuosity). Youthful ardor, 
ardor juvenilis ; ardor or fervor eetatis. 

ARDUOUS, Whigh, Vid. \\ Diffi- 
cult, gravis (heavy) : dilBcilis: non facilis 
(^difficult) : magnus (great) : durus (hard) : 
impeditus (encumbered with difficulties). 
An arduous task, magnum opus atque 
arduum. 

ARDUOUSNESS, || height, Vid. 
\] Difficulty, difficnltas: negotium (the 
labor one must undergo to attain one's ob- 
ject). 

AREA, area : superficies (extension in 
length and breadth). A small area, areola. 

AREAD, ?,.., .„ 

areed! ri'i- A^^'^'^- 

AREFACTION, circumlocution by are- 
facio, arefieri. 

AREFY, arefacere (Varr.) : siccare. 
ARENACEOUS, arcnaceus (Plin.). 
ARENATION, arenatio (Vitr. for a 
stucco of sand). 
ARENOSE, arenosus. 
ARETOLOGY. Vid. Moral (philoso- 
phy). 
ARGENT, adj.. argenteus. 
ARGILLACEOUS, argillaceus (consist- 
ing of clay, Plin.) : argillosus (abounding 
with clay, Farr.). 
ARGOSY. Vid. Ship. 
ARGUE, to discuss a question: agcre 
rem or de re (general term) : disputare, 
disserere de aliqua re (of learned discus- 
sio)is : disserere, mostly of a continuous 
discourse) : sermonem habere de re (dis- 
cuss it in conversation) : disccptare aliquid 
or de aliqua re (with a view to the settlement 
of a dispute) : to argue at great length, 
multis verbis disputare : to argue on the 
other side, contra disputare : to argue on 
both sides of a question, in utramque 
partem: on opposite sides, in contrarias 
partes. WProduce arguments, araru- 
mentari (with neuter pronoun or depend- 
ent clause) : docere argumentis : firmare, 
confinnare argumcntis : cfficcre or evin- 
coro velle (to wish to establish an opinion). 
WAccitse, arguere (with genitive, ablative 
de, accusative with infinitive, or ut). f Vid. 
Accuse.] || Prove, infer (transitively), 
proharc : evincere, ostendere, declarare. 
ARGUER, disputator (seldom: once in 
Cic.) : qui digputiit, &c. 

ARGUMENT, ||;'roo/, reason, argu- 
mcntum: ratio. To bring or allege ar- 
guments, argumcnta or rationrs affeiro : 
to derive arguments from, arguraenta ex 
re ducere, sumere, cruere ; to reject an 
argument, argumentum ri>jircre : to press 
an argument, argumentum premere : to 
be an argumrnt, argumcnto esse. Obs. 
An argument for any thin.?, not argumen- 
tum pro aliqua re, hut argiimonlum quo 
aliquid esse dcmonstratur, &c. To bring 
many arguments for the exi.'stcnre of a God, 
multis arguraentis Dcum esse docere, 
Tl(at is no argument, nullum venim id 
argumentum est. To produce or alleee 
manyprobablcarguments for that opinion, 
multa in cam partem probabilitcr ami- 
m. ntnri (Liv.). Argumentum is often left 
out when an adjective is used ; e. g., " the 



ARIS 

strongest argument for this is," &c., fir 
missimum hoc affen-i videtur, quod, &c. 
(Cic). II Subject of a discourse or writ- 
ing, sentential sententiae (the principal 
thought or tltoughts) : argumentum (sub- 
ject matter of a speech, essay, &c., for 
which materia is never used in the clas- 
sics) : summa (the main subject ; e. g., of 
a letter, conversation, &c.). || Contents 
summed up by way of abstract, sum- 
marium ; epitome [vid. Abridgment] : 
index (Quint.). \l Subject under dis- 
cussion,, quajstio : controversia : res 
controversa: disceptatio. OJten by cir- 
cumlocution with quod cadit in contro- 
versiam or disceptationem. || Dispute, 
discussion, concertatio : disputalio : 
pugna: controversia. Tomake any thing 
the subject of an argument, rem in con- 
troversiam vocare, adducere, deducere. 
An argument arises, oritur certamen or 
controvsrsia (de aliqua re cum aliquo). 
To hold an argument about any thing 
with any body, disputare de aliqua re 
cum aliquo. 

ARGUMENTATION, argumentatio : 
also ratio (o. s., Cic, De Or., 2, 53, 214). 

ARGUMENTATIVE, perhaps by gravis 
(weighty) : firraus ad probandum, &c. 
ARGUTE, argutus. 
ARIA, * aria. 

ARID, aridus (dry, from an internal 
want of moisture, caused by a heat acting 
within) : toiTidus (dry, from being burn- 
ed up by an external heat) : siccus (dry 
as to the surface). Jn. exsiccatus atqne 
aridus. Vid. Dry. 

ARIDITY, ariditas : aritudo : siccitas 
[SYN. in Arid]. Vid. Dryness. 
ARIE.^, aries. 

ARIETATION, arietatio (butting like a 
ram. Sen.). 

ARIGHT, recte : juste, vere : bene. 
Sometimes sincere, sine fraude. To judge 
aright, vere or recte judicare de re. To see 
or hear aright, recte videre, audire. If I 
remember aright, si bene or recte memiui. 
ARIOLATION, hariolatio. 
ARISE, (a) PROPR., Ilsurgerc: oxsur- 
gere : consurgere (especially of several) : 
se erlgere (to raise one's self up . of little 
children trying to raise themselves from 
the ground) : from a seat, surgere e selld : 
from bed, surgere, with or without (e) lec- 
tulo or (e) lecto : surgere cubitu (proper- 
ly : ex morbo assurgere, of leaving one's 
bed after a disease) -.from table, surgere a 
coena ; also poscere calceos (asking for 
one's shoes as a sign of intending to rise 
from table). || Mount up on high, so 
levare (of birds : se sublimius levare) : 
levari : sublime ferri : sublimem abiro. 
Clouds arise, nebula) levantur in nubes: 
the smoke arises from the cottages, fumus 
evohitur e tuguriis. A storm arises, 
tempestas cooritur : nubilare coepit ; nu. 
bilatur. \\ Arise, of the heavenly 
bodies, oriri: exoriri: emergere (of the 
stars; not of the sun). W'Arise (of 
thoughts in the mind), subire mentem 
or animum : succurrere. A thought arises 
in my mind, subit cogitatio animum : a 
suspicion arose in my mind, incidit mihi 
suspicio ; venit mihi m suspioionem (both 
with accusative and infinitive). || Arise 
(from the dcaJ^ reviviscere, in vitam re- 
dire : ab infelis exsistere : ab orco redu 
cem in luccm fieri (according to heathen 
notions) : ab inferis excitari or revocarj. 
II Arise (=: appear gradually) of the day, 
ajipetere : dies appetit ; Incescit ; diluces- 
cit : illucoscit. As soo7i as day arose, ul)i 
primum illuxit, (b) impr,, || come forth, 
appear: prodire (to come forth): cxsis- 
tore, 80 ctferre (of distinguished mm) : 
exoriri (neredng with our "arisd' in this 
srn.te: of remarkable persons or things, 
whether good or bad : libido ; ferrea pro- 
les, Sulla, Epicurus, &c., Cic. : ultor nos- 
tris ex ossibus, Virg.). \\Rise up in a 
rebellious manner, or against any 
body, exsurgere contra or adversus ali- 
quem (Tac.) : cooriri in aliquem : imperi- 
um alicujus dctrectare : consurgere ad 
bellum, ad bellum cooriri : rebellare (the 
proper word nf those who had been subdufd.) 
ARISTOCRACY, || as an adminis- 
tration, paucorum et principiim admin- 
istratio. || As a form of government, ejus 



ABM 

reipablictB status, qnum est penes de- 
tec tos onmiom summa potcstas ; optiiiu- 
tiiun status ; ea imperii forma, qoA vis 
OIZU.1J penes primores civitatis eat (after 
Lie., 1, 43). II ^n aristocratical 
it ate, respoblica, quse a principibiis 
tenetur; optimatiuin ciritas; civitas, in 
quA cives per principes resuntur; civitas, 
qua: ab optimatibus (or oprimatinm arbi- 
trio, Cic) regitur ; respublica optoma ; 
respublica, quaj est penes principes. 
II Svay or power of an aristocracy, opti- 
matimn dominatos or potentia : potestas 
atque opes optimatiauL || " The aris- 
tocracy," vi(L "tie Aristocrats.'' 

ARl3TOCR.\T, || defender of aris- 
tocracy, qui optimatium causam a§it: 
optimatium fautor : nobilium amicus : 
nobilitatls fautor or studiodus. || The 
aristocrats, optimates; proceres; prin- 
cipes civitatis : potentiores cives. 

ARl.STOCR.\TIC, \ qui optimatiam 

ARISTOCR.A.TICAL, ) causam agit 
(of aristocratic opinions ; of the aristo- 
cratic party) : * quod ad oprimatinm im- 
perium peranet (relating to aristocracy) : 
quod ab optimatibus proficiscitnr (pro- 
ceeding from tie aristocratical). 

ARITHMETIC, arithmetica, ornm 
(Cic-) : arithmetice, es, or arithmetica, 
m : notitia numerorum (the knowledge of 
numbers, geturaUy, Quint., 1, 10, 35). To 
teach arwmetic, 'arithmetica profiterL 
A teacher of arithmetic, * arithmeticoram 
magister. \\An arithmetic book,Vi}eT 
arithmeticus. 

ARITHMETICAL, arithmeticus. 

ARITHMETICALLY. 9ro erplain any 
thing- arithmetically, numeris aUquid ex- 
plicare. 

ARITHMETICLVK, arithmeticus. A 
good or expert arithmetician, bonus or 
dilisens ratiocinator (good calculator) : in 
ari&meticis satis exercitatus (Cic). 

ARK, II (ToaA's) ark, navis. \\ Ark 
of the corenonf, * area foederis di vim. 

ARM, s. (1, a limb) \\of men: bra- 
chium (from the hand to the dboa : often 
for the whole arm, when distinction is not 
necessary) : lacertus (from the dbmo to 
the shoulder : also for arm generally, espe- 
cially tchen its strength or museulanty 
is meatu): tori (the muscular arm of tie 
Athltta). Relating to the arm, brachialis : 
karing strong arms, lacertosus. With his 
arms a kimbo, ansatus (Plaut., Pers., 2, 5, 
7) : to carry any thing under one's arm, 
aiiquid sub ala portare : what is carried 
uTider the arm Ql e.. habitually), snbalaris 
(telum. subalare, 'fep.) -. to carry a child 
tit one's arm, puerum in manibus gestare : 
to take a child in one^s arms, puerum in 
manus accipere : to embrace any body wUh 
onefs arms, aliqnem medium complecti: 
to clasp in on^s arms, arctius amplecti 
aliquem : to sink in any body's arms, man- 
ibus alicujus excipL Obs. "amis" =: "en- 
folding arms," " embrace," is mostly to be 
translated by complezus : to lie or be en- 
folded in any body's arms, haerere in aU- 
cujus complexu: to receire any body in 
one's arms, manibus aliquem excipere : 
to recevce any body with open arms, libens 
ac Eupinis manibus excipio aliquem: to 
die in any body's arms, in complexu ali- 
cujus emori or extremum vitae spiritum 
edere ; inter alicujus manus exspirare ; 
inter sublevantis manus exstinsui : to tear 
children from the arms of their parents, 
Kberos e parentum complexu abripere ; 
Hberos de parenttmi complexu avellere 
atque abstrahere: to support with on^s 
arms, aliquem sustinere (in walking, get- 
ting into a carriage, &c.) : aliquem col- 
Impsum excipere (to raise one who had fall- 
en): to fly to any body's arms (for protec- 
tion), ad aliquem confugere ; aUcujus 
fidei se committere : se conmiittere in 
fidem et clientelam alicujus (as a client to 
a patron) : in alicujus sinum confngere 
(Silver Age). || Istpbopb., power, 
stren^f A, manus, potestas. Kings hare 
long arms, longs re gibus sunt manus 
(Or.). The secular arm, imperium or 
potestas magistratuum. \\ Of a river: 
pars : comu (winding arm. Or.) : ci^ut 
(wututh : al.'W, and more frequently, the 
head, source). || Of a mountain 
chain, brachium (Taurus brachia emittit, 



AEMO 

Plin.) : ramus. || Of a tree, brachium: 
ramus [vid. Brancv]. \\Of a chair, 
ancon (Gtl Aur., Tard., % 1, 46). || In 
fortification : works to conned two 
points, brachium : more frequently, lingua 
(cKiXji). ||.Jri» of a catapult, bra- 
chium. \\Arms of a pair of scales, 
caput(r(rr.,8,5,3,SkAn«<i.). ^Armsof 
an anchor, ^anchors brachium or conra. 

ARM, c, TK., armare (to furnish with 
arms: then, to proride wUh what is neces- 
sary : against any body, adversuB ali- 
quem) : armis instraere (to furnish with 
arms) : instruere : munire (to furnish 
with any thing considered as a weapon). 
{{Armed, armatus: in armis (cy oTXoif, 
in or under arms). || To arm one's 
self against any thing, preecavere all- 
quid : tutum or munitum esse ab aliqud 
re : se prseparare ad aiiquid (to make 
preparations against) : animum pnepa- 
rare ad aiiquid : ee or anim nm componere 
ad aiiquid (to prg)are ontfs mind against). 
Sometimes meditari aiiquid: to be armed 
against any thing, animo sum ad aiiquid 
parato; tutum or munitum esse aliquil 
re: aliqud re se loricare (Plin.) [vid. 
Aesi, r. intr.]. || To clothe any body 
with armor, lorica, thorace, cataphractA 
induere aliquem (according to the kind 
of armor meant). 

ARM, r., rxTB., arma sibi induere (to 
put on on^s armor) : arma capere (to take 
to ones weapons : prepare for war : for 
which ad arma or ad saga ire t> also 
found) : arma sumere (to take one's weap- 
ons in ones hand to use them). {{To be 
arming (of nations), bellum parare. ap- 
parare, comparare, adomare, instruere : 
belli apparatnm instruere; omnia, quae 
ad bellimi pertinent, providere. 

•AilM.ADA. naves beHicae : classis, 

ARM.\MENT, copiae : mostly of a na- 
val armament: copis navales ; naves 
beliicae classis. 

ARMATURE, arma, orum, n.. arma- 
tura (the latter with reference to the nature, 
itc., of the iBeapons). 

AR3IED, II having arms. An armed 
chair, sella obliquis anconibus fabricata 
(CttL Aur., Tard., 2, 1, 46) : cathedra 
(armed chair of Roman ladies). 

ARyi-G.\XrST, macer: strigosus: stri- 
gosi corporis. 

ARM-HOLE, ala (poetical, alarum ral- 
lis, CatuU.). 

ARMILLARY, *arminaB simiHs. 

ARMIPOTENCE, aimipotentia is used 
by Ammian.. 18, 5. 

ARMIPOTENT, armipotens (Lucr., 
Virg.). 

ARMI.90X0US, armisonus (Virs.). 

ARMISTICE, indutia;. To conclude 
an armistice, fecere or inire indutias. To 
agree to an armistice, consentire ad in- 
dutias. WA. TarcK. 

ARMLET, II little arm, brachiolum 
(Catull). II Bracelet for the arm, bra- 
chiale (general term): armUla (bracelet, 
armlet): sptnther (o^iyKrfip'i armUt for 
the upper arm) : calbei were armlets giren 
to soldiers as a reward (Fest.) : spathaliimi 
or spatalium, dardanum, viriola, viria, 
were also ornaments of the arm, of un- 
known form. To put on golden armlets, 
brachia et lacertos auro colere (Curt.). 

ARMOR, armatus, fis (== manner of be- 
ing armed: only in the ablatire: dispart 
armatu ; Cretico armatu) : arma, orum, 
n. (general term for arms) : cataphracta 
(iron or brass scale-armor, for men or 
horses, &c.) : lorica (leathern jerkin) : 
thorax (iron breast-plate, atirass). Jx. 
lorica thoracesqne. To put on one's 
armor, loric&, thorace. cataphractA (ac- 
cording to meaning) ee teeere or induere. 
To strip the bodies of their armor, arma 
corporibus detrahere (Lir.). 

AR.MOR-BEARER. armiaer. 

ARMORER, faberarmorum. ii5^«ire; 
one who puts on another's armor, perhaps 
armiger. 

ARMORHL. Armorial bearings. *c\j- 
peus insieuis : insigne ef neris. One who 
has a right to armorial bearing?, * alicui 
licet insisni frui (according to Roman 
custom, qui imagines familiae suae conse- 
cutus est). 

ARMORY, armamentarium. {{Armor, 



AH,0 Y 

I Vid. II .ilr«orta2 (earing* Vid. Akj(' 

OBIAI.. 

AR.MPIT, ala (TaDis alarmc, poetical, 
CatulL). 

ARMS, arma (general term, but of do- 
fensite armor, not appilied to missiles 
tela : also fguratirely, as arma pruden- 
tiae, eenectutis, legum) : tela (missiles) 
Furnished irith arms, armatus : armis in- 
structus : without arms, inermis : to tah* 
arms, ad arma ire : arma capere (to or* 
on^s self against any body, contra ali- 
quem) : arma sumere . (f^tedaUy when 
other means might hnt fem tried, contra 
aliquem) ; descendere ad Tim atque ad 
arma : to seize on^s arms, arma arripere : 
they ran to arms, concuismn est ad arma : 
to arms ! ad arma ! to sound to arms ! ad 
arma conclamare ! (Lir.) : to lay down 
arms, arma deponere; armis discedere: 
ro fting away their arms, arma abjicere : 
to take away any bodies arms, arma alicui 
anfeme : to be under arms, in armis esse : 
to hate 20,000 ««» under arms, milia vi- 
ginti in armis habere: to grow old in 
arms, in armis conaenescere : to bear armt 
against any body, arma contra aliquem 
ferre: to turn on^s arms against any 
body, arma in aliqnem vertere : to defend 
one's country by arms, patriam armis ac 
virtute defendere : fo gire up oiufs arms, 
arma tradere (-V<p.) : to defend on^s tiif 
by the arms of prudence, armis prudentia 
Be tueri ac defendere. 

ARMY, exercitus : acies (army in battle 
array) : agmen (army in marching order) : 
inilites (soldiers, especially when the indi- 
viduals are meant : also the sutgular wi- 
les, when "the soldier" :=" the soldiers," or 
" the arm^ generally) : yires (the military 
forces) : copise (forces) : efien with arma- 
torum, or peditum equitumque, or pe- 
destres, equestres, pedestres ecjiestres- 
que, pedestres navalesque. To command 
or lead an army, exercitum ducere, exer- 
citui prseesse : to levy an army, exercitum 
scribere or conscribere ; milites scribere 
or legere ; delectimi habere (of the Roman 
eonatul: scribere or conscribCTe, to enroll 
the names of those who ought to serve) : 
exercitum coDigere, or conficere (not co- 
gere), or parare, comparare: to hire an 
army of mercenaries, exercitum or CDpiaa 
mercede conducere : to recruit an army, 
exercitui snpplementum scribere (of set- 
ting down the names) : exercitum sup- 
plere or reficere : to draw up an army (in 
order of battle), aciem instruere or insti- 
tuere : to disband an army, milites mit- 
tere, dimittere or missos fecere ; militibua 
misdonem dare '^Srv. tn Disbaxd]. 
II Great number, exercitus (e g., corvo- 
rum, Virg.) : multitudo : copia incredi- 
bilis ; vis masna. 

-iROMATlfc. aromaticus (laU). D Aro- 
ma tics, aromata. 

AROMATIZE, condire. 

AROUND, prep., circum: circa [vid. 
-\BorT] : adv., circum : totus circum : in 
circuitu. Cften by circum rn composi- 
tion: to ride around, circumequitare or 
equo circumvehi (locum) : to roll around, 
circumrolvere (transitively), circumvoW 
(intransititely). Sometimes by per: to 
look around, circumspicere : «rcumspec- 
tare : ocnlos circumferre : perlustrare 
(omnia, &c.) : to wander around, perva- 
gari (locum) ; to look around in a threat- 
ening way, oculos minaciter circumferre : 
to dig a trench around a city, oppidum 
fossS (vaDo fossdque) circumdare. 

AROUSE, exsuscitare; expergefacero 
(e somno) : excitare (e sornno) ; suaritar* 
somno or e quiete (t) : all stand (without 
somno) also improperly for '•exciting,'' 
"animating." {{Excite, excitare: con 
dtare (e. g., a man to any thing : also te 
exciu laughter, hatred, envy, compassion, 
Ac) : excire, conciere or concire (tn 
classical prose only := to excite violently to 
some activity : seldom to produce any pas- 
sion or evil : e. g., iram, eeaitionem, ter- 
rorem, &c.) : movere, commovere aK- 
quem (to stir, move, excite: then also to 
excite misericordiam, seditionem, bellum, 
(fee.) : conflare (to kindle ; e. g., alicui in- 
vidiam, bellum, &c.). 

AROIThT (thee), abi ! ap8ge te ! abi in 
malam rem (comic). 

37 



AREA 

ARPENT, huba (in the Middle Ages) : 
tger triginta jugerum. 

ARRACK or ARACK, * humor ex ory- 
s4 in quandam similitudinem vini cor- 
ruptus. 
ARRAIGN. Vid. Accuse. 
ARRAIGNMENT. Vid. Accusation. 
ARRANGE, ordinare : in ordinem ad- 
ducere or redigere : disponere : digcrere : 
in ordinem digcrere : componere (to ar- 
range so that the whole may present a pleas- 
ing appearance) : collocare, constituere 
{place together ; bring into a proper col- 
location). Sometimes deacriherc (to sketch 
a plan) : explicare (to unravel) : dispen- 
sare (to weigh out in all its parts ; arrang- 
ing, that no part may come off short). To 
arrange troops, copi.'^s ordinare or dispo- 
nere : in order of battle, copias or aciem 
instruere : the order of march, * agmen or- 
dinare : books ctr a library, libros or bibli- 
othecam ordinare or disponere ; biblio- 
thecam digerere : hair, capiUum compo- 
nere ; crines or capilloa digerere (t) : the 
folds of a chlamys, collocare chlamj'dem, 
ut apte pendeat (0».) ; componere togam 
(Hot.) : a plan of the campaign, descri- 
bere totius belli rationem : one's family 
affairs, rem familiarem constituere ; res 
suas ordinare ; res lamiliares componere : 
a person's affairs, alicujus negotia expli- 
care. To arrange (words) alphabetically, 
(vocabula) in literas digerere : words in a 
sentence (with reference to style), verba 
componere : verba apte collocare. A well- 
arranged establishment, *domus omnibus 
rebus rinstructa, quaj ad victum cultum- 
que pertinent. \\Make a plan or ar- 
rangement, pra3cipere, decernere, con- 
stituere. We arranged (to do so and so), 
inter nos convenit, ut, &.c. 1 arra7iged 
with any body (to do so and so), mihi cum 
aliquo convenit, ut, &c. 

ARRANGEMENT, ordinatio: disposi- 
tio : descriptio : constitutio : institutio. 
[Vid. TO Arrange.] The arrangement 
of a library, designatio librorum : of words 
(in a Lezicon), vocabulorum digerendo- 
rum ratio : (in a sentence), verborum 
apta compositio, collocatio ; ratio coUo- 
candi. || Order resulting from arrange- 
ment : ordo : ratio. Sometimes praecep- 
tum : institutum : lex. These arrange- 
ments are excellent, heec optime instituta 
or instructa sunt. It is a beneficent ar- 
rangement of nature's, that, &c., salubriter 
a natural institutum est, ut or quod. 

ARRANT. To be translated by sum- 
mus, maximus, with or without omnium : 
by caput or princeps with genitive : by lo- 
tus ex aliqua re factus e.st or constat ; 
versatus est in omni genere alicujus rei. 
In Plant, by compounds with the Greek tri 
(trifur ; triscurria). An arrant rogue, tri- 
furcifer (Com.) : caput scelerum (Plant.) : 
princeps flagitiorum (Cic.) : vetcrator. 
An arrant thief princeps omnium furto- 
rum (Cic.) ; versatus in omni genere fu- 
randi atque prEedandi. Sometimes by a 
superlative adjective: an arrant fool, Btoli- 
dissimus, stultjssimus. 

ARRANTLY, turpiter : foede: flagiti- 
ose: nefarie. 

ARRAS, tapes, etis, m. (ranrii '■ or Lat- 
inized, tapetum). iE«*° 'I'/i-e tapetes of 
the ancients were of^ carpet-like texture 
(mostly shaggy, and with colors or figures 
interwoven) for covering walls, floors, &c. 
ARRAY, s., ordo. {| Battle array, 
acies. To draw up an army in battle ar- 
ray ; to set in array, copias or aciem in- 
atruore, instituere. {| The array (=sol- 
diers dravm up), ordines militum. 
II Dress, vestis : vestimenta (plural): 
veaUUiB (kind of apparel). \\Jvrors im- 
panneled, perhaps indices selecti : tur- 
ba eelectorum (chosen, at Rome, from the 
senators, knights, and tribuni eerarii) : ju- 
ratores (sworn valuers of any thing. 
Plant). 

ARRAY, c, II arrange, Vid. \\Dress, 
vestire : convestire : induere sibi vestem 
or se vcstc : vesto indui : vestc se ami- 
cire (to wrap one's self vp in a garment : 
applitd, therefore, to upper garments ; not 
to garments drawn on, which is induere : 
▼estirc is general) : vestiri, amiciri aliquft 
re (velari aliquS re, poetically) : to be ar- 
rayed in gold 071 d purple, insignem auro 
38 



A RRO 

et purpura conspici. The earth is arrayed 
with flowers, &c., Iferra floribus, herbis, 
&c. : vestitur. \\To array a panel, 
*judicfs seligere. 

ARREAR. Vid. Behind. 

ARREAR, )pecuni8B residuffl (old 

ARREARS, 3 outstanding accounts) : 
reliquum : quod reliquum est : quod re- 
liquum restat, qua) restant or quod res- 
tat : pecuniae reliquae (the still remaining 
portion of a debt). To be in arrears, reli- 
quari aliquid (e. g., amplam gummam, 
debitum : ex administratione rei publicaj 
reliquari: and quibus [summis] reliqua- 
tus est. All Jur. Cons.) : reliqua habere 
or debere : with any body, nondum per- 
solvisse alicui, quod reliquum restat: to 
exact the arrears, pecunias reliquas or re- 
siduas exigere. He is so much in arrears, 
residere apud aliquem (i. e., such a sum 
residet apud aliquem, Marcian., Dig.). 

ARREARAGE. Vid. Arrear. 

ARRECT, arrectus : erectus (aures ar- 
rigere, Ter., Virg. : erigere, Cic). 

ARREST, s., comprehensio. To put 
under arrest, comprehendere (of the per- 
son arresting) : in custodiam dare (of the 
person ordering the arrest). To be kept 
under arrest, in custodia haberi or sei^va- 
ri ; custodia teneri or retineri. 

ARREST, v., comprehendere ; in cus- 
todiam dare [vid. Arrest, s.] : in vincula 
conjicere: alicui manus injicere (to lay 

hands upon ; e. g., virgini minister 

decemviri manus injecit, Liv., 3, 44, 6). 
To arrest one who was flying, e fugd 
retrahere aliquem. \\Stop, delay: mo- 
rari : remorari : moram I'acere alicui rei : 
moram afferre alicujus or alicui rei : 
moram et tarditatem afferre alicui rei 
(cause a delay in any thing) : tardare : 
retardare (to retard the prosecution of 
any thing ; e. g., of a journey, of the pur- 
suit of an enemy) : tenere : retinere : 
su.stinere (to stop the progress of some- 
thing : a thief, a carriage, a horse) : repri- 
mere (to check forcibly : lugam hostium ; 
redundantem lacum) : arcere : cohibere 
(to hold any thing off, so that it may not 
approach). To arrest any body, morari, 
demorari, remorari aliquem (general 
term for delaying him) : detinere, demo- 
rari et detinere aliquem (to draw him 
back, with reference to some object pursued 
by him) : to arrest any body on a journey, 
retardare aliquem in via; remorari ali- 
cujus iter : to arrest any body's pursuit of 
an enemy, tardare aliquem ad insequen- 
dum hostem (of a marsh or other obstacle) : 
the progress of a war, moram et tardita- 
tem atferre bello ; morari cclcritatcm 
belli : the onset of the eneiny, tardare or 
retardare hostium impetum. 

ARRIDE, arridere. 

ARRIERE. Vid. Rear. 

ARRIERE BAN, *peribanrius (Schir- 
litz, Mater., p. 153, 4, 1) : ad rempubli- 
cam defendendam populi universi convo- 
catio (Cifi.). 

ARRIVAL, adventus : accessus : ap- 
pulsus (arrival of a ship: with or without 
litdris). Sudden, unexpected arrival, ad- 
ventus repentinus, improvisus or inter- 
ventus, superventus (witliout any adjec- 
tive, Tac., Hist., 2, 54, 1). To expect any 
body's arrival with eagerness, alicujus ad- 
ventum non mediocriter captare. 

ARRIVE, venire, advenire : adventaro : 
accedere ad locum : pervenire, devcnirc : 
attingere, nancisci locum (to succeed in 
reaching) : afferri (to be brought to : of 
things). To arrive on horseback, equo ad- 
vchi : in a carriage, curru advehi : in a 
ship, pervehi in locum, appellere [vid. to 
Land] : the ship is arrived, navis appulsa 
est (not appulit). To have arrived : often 
adesse. Impr., \\reach, assequi, conse- 
qui, adipifici (to arrive at an end aimed at ; 
then to reach locum or aliquem) : perve- 
nire ad aliquid (arrive at any thing) : 
compotem fieri alicujus rei, potiri aliqud 
re (obtain any thing desired; e. g., a wish). 

ARROGANCE, >arrogantia (the exact- 

ARROGANCY, 5 ing homage to one's 
endowments and privileges) : fastus (a pre- 
sumptuous, contemptuous disposition) : su- 
perbia (self-sufficiency, pride, from think- 
ing others beneath one's self) : insolentia 
(insolence). 



ARTE 

ARROGANT, arrogans : insolens : sn- 
perbus : fastosus (post-Augustan, and 
very rare). The superbus would outshint 
others ; the arrogans would encroach upon 
them ; the fastosus despises them ; the in- 
solens insults them, Dodcrlein. An arro 
gam speech, sermo arrogantiae. To become 
arrogant, arrogantiam sibi sumere ; mag- 
nos sibi sumere spiritus. 

ARROGANTLY, arroganter ; insolen- 
ter. 

ARROGATE, aliquid vindicare sibi or 
ad se : aliquid usurpare (appropriate to 
one's self unjustly : asserere is unclassic- 
at) : sibi sumere, assumere, asciscere, ar- 
rogare, tribuere (ascribe to one's self un- 
justly or unreasonably). I don't arrogate 
so much to myself, non tantum mihi sumo 
neque arrogo : to arrogate to one's self 
great authority, magnam auctoritatem sibi 
sumere. 

ARROW, sagitta : telum (any missile : 
but properly one thrown by the hand) : to 
shoot arrows to any mark, &c., sagittas (or 
tela) conjicere aliquo. Like an arrow 
(=:very swiftly), incredibili celeritate. A 
cloud of arrows, velut nubes (conjecta) 
sagittarum ; or ingens vis sagittarum. 
Such a cloud of arrows, tanta vis sagitta- 
rum creberrimffi grandinis modo (cf. 
Liv., 28, 37, 7). 

ARROW-HEAD (aplant), sagittaria. 

ARROWY, " sharp sleet of arrowy 
shower" (Milton), ingens vis sagittarum 
creberrimw grandinis modo. 

ARSENAL, armamentarium : olficina 
armorum (wha^ weapons are aho manu- 
factured there) : navale, or plural navalia 
(for ships). 

ARSENIC, arsenicum: auripigmentum 
(orpiment). 

ARSIS (in music or metre), sublatio 
(cipatg, opposed to positio, ^his: in late 
grammarians also arsis). 

ART, (1) human dexterity : (a) as op- 
posed to nature: ars : manus (the hu- 
man hand) : by art, arte, per artera (gen- 
eral tirm) : manu, opere (by human labor). 
Fortified by art (of a fortress, &c.), manu 
or opere munitus : (b) opposed to what is 
merely mechanical: ars (general term, 
as the theory or set of rules by which the 
artist works ; the skill with which he works, 
or with which any thing is made) : artifiri- 
um (the skill with which any thing is made). 
The healing art, ars medendi. With art, 
arte, ex arte (e. g., scribere, canere) : scien- 
ter (scientifically ; e. g., tibiis cantaro) : to 
bear upon it the stamp of art, artis sigiio 
notatum esse : (2) readiness or dexterity 
of one particular kind, obtained by prac- 
tice : (a) generally, ars : scientia alicujus 
rei (experimental knowledge; e. g., philos- 
ophandi ; f'undendi aeris) ; studium alicu- 
jus rei (pursuit of any thing : an art so 
far as it is actually practiced). The art 
of painting, ars pingendi : the art of se- 
curing every body's good-will, ars ad pro- 
merendam omnium voluntatem : t/te art 
of conversation, of social intercourse, ser- 
mocinatrix (sc. ars : as translation of the 
Greek -KpoioniXriTiKfi). \\ Trick, arti- 
fice, ars (rex^ri) : artificium (only in 
Com. : also techna) : || (b) a particular 
trade, prof ession, art, ars: artificium: 
to study an art, arti alicui studere : to fol- 
low or practice an art, artem colore, fac- 
titare ; in arte versari, so excrcere (exer- 
cere artem, doubtful, Krebs) : to leave off 
an art, artem desinere : to reduce any 
thing to an art, aliquid ad artem redige- 
re ; aliquid in artem vertere. War oe- 
came an art, disciplina militaris in artls 
modum venit. The mechanical arts, ar- 
tes sordidaj : qua;stU3 sordid!. The lib- 
eral arts, artes ingenuaj, or liberalcs, or 
honcstae, or elegantes. Jn. artes elegan- 
tes et ingenutB ; studia liberalia : the arts 
and sciences, artes et disciplinae ; studia 
et artes : a lover of the fine arts, liberalium 
artiura studiosus : homo elegans : * arti- 
um apiator : all the liberal arts, omncs 
bonarum rerum discipliniB : the arts of 
war and peace, artes belli et pacis. || Mas- 
ter OF Arts, *magi8ter liberalium arti- 
um: to take the degree of Master of Arts, 
* ad amplissimura magistri gradum pro- 
moveri. Vid. Mastkb, 

ARTERY, arteria. 



ART! 

APTFUL, callidus: versutus : Tafer : 
astutus: subtiolos. In. calliJus ct astu- 
tu- ; a^ttitus et callidu3; versutus et cal- 
lidus. [Syn. in Cunning.] \\tfrought 
ht/ art; not natuval; artificiosua [ar- 
tificialis, Quint. : artifex, poetically] : fac- 
ticius : factus. 

ARTFULLY, astute; callide; Tafire. 
Eubdole. 

ARTFULNESS, astutia : vafrities : ver- 
sntia: calliditas : dolus. ||.Sii2{, ars: 
artificium. 

ARTHRITIC, arthriticus. 

ARTHRITIS, arthritis : morbus articu- 
laris or articularius. 

ARTICHOKE, carduus : cinara (Cyna- 
ra Scolymus, Linn.) : cactus (cardoon : 
Spanish artichoke, Cjnara Cardunculus, 
Linn.). 

ARTICLE, CI) port - pars : caput 
(head, chapter). Artide in a contract, con- 
ditio ; caput Article of a peace, lex ; con- 
ditio ; caput : of faith, caput doctrin® 
Bacr* : in a dictionary, Tocabulum, ver- 
bum: (2) !| species; e. g., of wares, ge- 
nus. The general term res may often be 
used ; e. g., an article of luxury, res ad 
luxuriam pertinens : this article is much 
sought after, * hujus generis merces cu- 
pide expetuntur. || In grammar, articu- 
lus. \\ Article by article, per partes: 
per capita. \\ Articles of war, lex mili- 
taris (icith reference to whai is allowed or 
permitted in war). 

ARTICULAR, articularis (Suet., Plin.) : 
articularius (Cat., Plin.) : morbus articu- 
laris or articularius (the gout). 

ARTICULATE, adj., clarus: planus: 
explanatus. An articulate voice, tox cla- 
ra (clear : opposed to obtusa) ; vox expla- 
nabilis (opposed to perturbata. Sen. de 
Trd, 1, 3, 5). An articulate ■utterance, os 
planum or explanatum (opposed to os 
confusum). To be an articulate speaker, 
explanatae esse lingua (after Plin.). 

ARTICULATE, r., pronunciare (ver- 
ba). In Lucr„ Appul., Arnoh.. articulare 
verba : [has voces] mobilis articulat ver- 
borum da^dala lingua, Lucr., 4, 5ol : to 
learn to articulate, primum fan coepisse 
(Suet., of children) : loqui discere (of 
beasts, 6cc.) : to teach any body to articu- 
late, aliquem verba edocere ; aliquem ser- 
moni assuefacere. WTo make terms, to 
treat : de conditionibus tractare or agere 
(cum aliquo). || To draw up in arti- 
cles, in capita contrre. 

ARTICULATELY, plane (so as to be 
understood) : clare, clara, voce (with loud, 
dear voice). To speak articulately, plane 
et articulate eloqui (so that each syllable is 
heard, Gell.) : clare or clar4 voce dicere : 
verba esprimere explanareque (Plin.) : 
explanatae esse lingute (to be habitually 
an articulate speaker). 

ARTICULATENES3, explanatio ver- 
borum (Quint.) : dilucida pronuntiatio : 
explanata vox (after Plin.) : splendor vo- 
cis (clearness of voice). 

ARTICUL.ATION, \\of words, prola- 
tio (lUterance, Liv.) : [pronuntiatio is the 
whole delivery =z actio.] jj Juncture of 
bones, cominissura (general term for 
mode of joining together: also of the 
limJ)S of the human body) : artus : articu- 
lus (joint : artus in singular not till poets 
of Silver Age). Jn. commissurse et artus. 

ARTIFICE, ars: artificium (only in 
Com. : also techna) : dolus. 

ARTIFICER, artifex (general term, es- 
pecially of one needing mind and inven- 
tion in his work) -. faber (one who works 
■upon hard materials, as stone, ivory, &c.) : 
opifex (a workman needing mechanical 
skill and industjy ; the aiahar and pro- 
ducer of any work). A distinguished arti- 
ficer, artifex operibus suis praecipuus. 
^ Maker, contriver, auctor : inventor: 
conditor : effector : molitor : princeps : 
parens : architects, f SrN. in Aacin- 
tect] Jn. parens effectorque ; prin- 
ceps et architectus. The artificer of the 
world, creator or procreator mundi ; ef- 
fector mundi molifN-que. 

AR riFICIAL, artificiosns (made or pro- 
duced by art : opposed to oaturalis : arti- 
fex, poetically. Prop., Pers. : artificialis 
only in Quint.) : quod habet artem : artis 
particeps (w/iat testifies to art as concerned 



AS 

in its production : opposed to arte c&relis) : 
facticius : factus (■made ; not produced by 
nttture: opposed to naturalis). An artifi- 
cial address, oratio artis plena : whether 
this was natural or artificial, sive hoc est na- 
turiE, sive artis : a natural or an artificial 
memory, memoria naturalis aut artiliciosa. 

ARTIFICIALLY, artificiose ; arte ; 
manu et arte ; atfabre (as in affubre fac- 
tus, Cic). 

ARTILLERY, |1 large machines 
for shooting instruments of de- 
struction, tormenta, plural, orum (cenn- 
prehended in ancient warfare, ballistae 
and catapultas, for shooting stones, &c.). 
Heavy artillery, * tormenta majoris modi: 
horse artillery, * tormenta quai ab equiti- 
bus aJministrantur. A captain in the ar- 
tillery, *cohorti3 tormentariae prajfectus. 
An artillery wagon, *curru3 tormenta- 
rius : a park of artillery, tormenta, orum; 
* apparatus tormentarius. The fire of ar- 
tillery, *ictus tormentarii. |1 The artil- 
lery (as a service, &c.), *i-es tormentaria. 
\[As a body, *cohortes tormentariae or 
tormenta only. 

ARTILLERY-iLAN, * tormentarius. 

ARTISAN, opifex: faber: artifex [Syn. 
in Abtificer] : sellularius (an artisan 
whose occupation is of a sedentary kind). 
II Aktisans, fabri; qui in tabemis sunt; 
opificum vulgus. A base artisan, opifex 
vilissimsfi mercis. 

ARTIST, artifex. [Vid. Abtificek.] 
II Skilled in art, intelligens ; sciens ar- 
tium. 

ARTLESS, II as praise rather than 
not, simplex : sine affectatione (of per- 
sons) : apertus (open-hearted : homo, ani- 
mus, &c.): nullo cultu (without ornament 
or polish: of things). \\ As blame rather 
than not, non artiiiciosus : inconditus. 
II Wanting art, unskillful, artis non 
peritus : artis isnarus. 

ARTLESSLY, sine arte : nullo cultu : 
ingenue : candide : aperte. 

ARL^'DINACEOUS, arundineus (arun- 
dinaceus, once in Pliny). 

A3, (I) II as a particle of comparison: 
ac, atque (after wards denoting equality, 
similarity, &c. : seque, idem, par. (tc.) : 
quam (if exact equality is not me.ant, but 
excess or defect. Thus, if a negative pre- 
cedes aeque, &c., quam must be used, not 
ac, atque, for the negation destroys the ex- 
act equality, Herzog, Cos., B. G., 2, 6) : 
et, ut, and (after idem) ac, atque. et, qui, 
seldom cum (as in Sallust and Tacitus). 
We can not maintain friendship unless we 
love our friends as ourselves, amicitiam 
tneri non possumus, nisi aeque amicos et 
nosmct ipsos diligamus : in what a situa- 
tion our affairs are, you know as well as I 
do, quo in loco res nostrae sint, juxta me- 
cum omnes intelligitis : they go away the 
same men as they came, iidem abeunt, qui 
venerunt. || After such, so great, so 
many (talis, tantus, tot), not quam, but 
qualis, quantus, quot Ife is such as he 
ever mas, talis est, quails semper fuiL {| In 
forms of protestation and swearing : 
'^ as true as," ita or sic with the subjunc- 
tive followed by ut, with the subjunctive if 
a wish is to be expressed, the indicative if 
an assertion is to be made : '• as true as I 
live, I shudder," Sec, ita vivam (or ita 
deos mihi velim propitios), ut — perhor- 
resco ; or (with ita vivam thrown in paren- 
thetically) pcrhorresco, ita ^ivam, &c. 
"As true as lam alive, I should like,'' ifcc, 
ita vivam (or ita mihi omnia, qua? opto, 
contingant) ut vdim, &c. || .As (so) well 
— AS : et— ct ; turn — turn ; quum — tum 
(with quum — tum, the clause with quum 
is the more general, that with turn the more 
special statement). Somctincs ut — sic ; 
uon minus — quam : [ JV^'' tam — quam in 
this sense does not belong to the Golden 
Age.] II Not so — as, non tam — quam. 
The Romans waged some wars not so suc- 
cessfully as bravely, Romani bella qusedam 
non tam feliciter quam fortiter gesserunt 
(or Romani bella qusedam fortius quam 
felicius, or magis fortiter quam feUciter 
gessernnt). Caius is not so prudent as he 
ts brave. Caius fortior est quam prudenti- 
or (which allows him some prudence : 
magis fortis est quam prudens, or fortis 
est quam prudens. The form fortior est 



AS 

quam pmdentior is that which belongs W 
the bes: age). \\ As — so : ut — ita or sic . 
quemadmodum — eodem modo : quemad- 
modum — sic ; velut — sic or ita. || As 
aniCH AGAIN, alterum tantom: this is as 
big again as that, hoc altero tanto majus 
est. II As MANY A3 (:=zall who), quotcum- 
que : A3 MUCH AS, quantumcumque. jj As 
SOON AS : simul et or ac (,atque) : silniil 
ut : also simul alone : ut : ut primum : 
quum primum : ubi (when) : postquam 
(after), f^" All these take the perfect 
indicative m narrative where we should 
use the pluperfect ; but when repeated 
actions or continued states are described, 
the principal verb being in the imperfect, 
the verb with postquam, &C-, may be in the 
pluperfect: [simulac se remiserat — 
reperiebatur, ifep.] || As (r=as if), 
A3 IF : tamquam. / depart from life as 
from an inn, ex vita discedo, tamquam 
ex hospitio. 

(II) As a particle of explanation. 
II As if; just as if: tamquam; tam- 
quam si ; veluli ; haud secus ac si ; non 
aliter quam si (all with subjunctive) : the 
men fiocked together as if something of 
great importance were in band, tamquam 
summi momenti res ageretur, ita concur- 
rerunt homines. Sometimes an ablative 
absolute is used : the enemy pursued as 
if the victory were already won, hostes in- 
secuti, quasi parta jam victoria. || .As ip, 
FOBSOOTH ; AS IF (ironically) : as if, for- 
sooth, I thought this, quasi vero id pntem. 
II To denote a property : tamquam (er- 
prcssing equality in point of manner and 
degree : " as much as ,-" " as if') : ut (the 
relation, " as far as") : loco (in the place 
of) : instar (as good as, of equal value or 
weight with) : nomine (under the name of). 
I love you as a friend, amo te ut amicum 
(so far as you are my friend) : tamquam 
amicum (as much as a friend; as muck 
as if you were my friend) : to be as a son 
to any body, filii loco esse alicui : to be to 
any body as a father, alicui parentis nume- 
ro esse. Sometimes other forms must b* 
used ; e. g., we must do as physicians do, 
medicorum ratio, or consuetudo imitanda 
est. To carry any thing off as so much 
gain, lucri nomine tollcrc aiiquid. Plato 
is, in my judgment, as good as all of them 
together, Plato est mihi instar omnium. 
As with a substantive is here often trans- 
lated by an adverb or by in modum. To 
behave as a woman, muUebriter se gerere : 
to act as a slave, serviliter agere : to obey 
as slaves, in modum servorum parere : to 
torture a free citizen as a slave, civem 
servilem in modum cruciare. |1 As ; as 
BEING. Here the property contains also 
the ground of the preceding statement, 
and quippe, quippe qui, utpote qui are 
used. Quippe is often used with something 
of irony, and before participles or other 
attributives only [Democrito, quippe 
viro erndito, <tc.] : quippe or utpote 
qui mostly takes subjunctive. [Pract. Intr., 
ii, 814.] They did not trus! their own 
valor, as being men who had been often 
routed, non — sua virtute confisi sunt, 
quippe toties fusi fugatique. || As is often 
untranslated ; e. g., with such verbs as to 
consider or look upon: as, this must 
be looked upon as the greatest eril, hoc 
maximum malum existimandum est : he 
is looked upon as a very just man, justissi- 
mns vir habetur. || .As is also untrans- 
lated when-=.in the character of. or 
when I was. He dedicated, as dictator, 
the Temple of Salus, which he had vowed 
when consul, sedem Salutis, quam consul 
voverat, dictator dedicavk. || As, fok in- 
stance : ut : velut ; reluti AnimaU 
which are bom on land ; as, for instance, 
crocodiles, bestial quae gignuntur in terrd, 
veluti crocodiU : even the gods waged 
wars; as, for instance, with the giants, dii 
qaoque beUa gesserunt, ut cum siganti- 
bus. Somaimes vel is used in this' sense : 
raras tuas quidem sed suaves accipio 
literas : vel (as, for instance) quas proxi- 
me accepi, quam prudentes, &c. [Pract 
Intr., iu, 542.] 

(HI) As a panicle of time. || As^ 
when: quum: ut : ubi. [Ubi Jitaris a 
point in time from which something began: 
at, an event which was auccteded bii «<•• 



A SCK 

oifi^rr: quum, the coincidence of two facts, 
t') t'ltat either both happen at the sami point 
of time, or a momenlaneous action intro- 
duced by " as" either happens while another 
is still going on, or is immediately conse- 
quent to it. Vid. Excurs., ii., to Grote- 
fend's Materials.] Ut and ubi take the 
indicative {when no other reason requires 
the subjunctive), mostly the perfect : quum 
Oi'so takes indicative of present and 2>erfi:ct 
(and also with the imperfect and pluperfect 
of repeated actions=^ as often as); but 
in simple narrative has the subjunctive of 
impivfcct and pluperfect. Very often the 
Birb with " as" is translated by a participle, 
Kkich will be in ablative absolute when 
tlie two propositions have not the same sub- 
jiot. II As OFTEN AS : quoties : quum 
with indicative, even of imperfect and pin- 
parfect. [Quum quaepiam cohors ex 
orbe excesserat, hostes vulocissime re- 
fu^aebant, C<zs.\ \\ As long as : tarn diu 
— quam or quam diu : usque adeo — j 
quoad : as relat. quamdiu (e. g., tcnuit ! 
ee uno loco quamdiu fuit hiems) : quoad 
{all the time until; as long as). || As = 
while, dum, or by participle of present. 
II As soon as. Vid. As (1). 

(IV) As a causal particlez=since ; 
inasmuch as: quoniam (indicative): 
quum (subjunctive) : quando ; quaudo- 
quidum (indicative). Vid. Since. 

(V) As TO ; AS CONCERNING ; AS TOUCH- 
ING, &c. : quod attinet ad : quod : some- 
times de : ad. As to the book, which your 
eon gave you, quod ad librum attinet, 
quern tibi filius dabat. As to retaining 
our liberty, I agree with you, de liliertate 
retinenda tibi assentior. As to (or, as 
far) Pomponia, I would have you write, if 
fou think good, quod ad l'omi)oiiiam, si 
tibi videtur, scribas velim. As to my 
TuUia, I agree with you, de TiiUia mea 
tibi assentior. As to your praying that, 
&c., (nam) quod precatus e.s, ut, &c. 
II As TO, before infinitive after " so," 
" such," ut : after a negative or interroga- 
tive sentence, ut, or more commonly qui 
(with subjunctive). No man is so sense- 
less as to believe this, nemo tam delini.s 
est, ut (or qui) ha;c crcdat [quis potest 
tam aversus a vero esse — qui neget, Sic.]. 
As NOT TO, quin. No. food is so hard as 
not to be digested, &c., nulhis cibus tam 
gravis est, quiii is — concoquatur. 

(VI) 11 Miscellaneous Piikases with 
AS. Be it as it may, utcumque res est 
or erit. As was likely; as was sure 
TO HAPPEN : id, quod neces.se erat acci- 
dere. As people say, ut dicunt, I'orunt, 
or aiunt : ut dicitur, traditur. or iiTtur. As 
QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE, quam celerrime: 
AS sHOiiTLY AS POSSIBLE, quam brevissi- 
me : as far as i can, quoad ejus fucere 
possum: as fab as possible, as far as 
can be done, quoad ejus lieri potest. As 
IT were (softening a strong word, &.C.), 
quasi. As far as appearance goes, ad 
Epeciem [e. g., forum adornatuni ad spe- 
ciem magnifico oruatu, Cic.]. As far as 
I know, quod sciam. As far as 1 can with 
agood Conscience, quod salva fide or salvo 
officio possim. But with quantum such 
limitations are in the indicative [quantum 
— intelligo] . 

ASBESTO.S, asbestos : amiantus (not 
our asbestos, but amianth). 

ASCEND, ascendore : sublime forri : 
Bublimem abire (of mounting on high, 
into the clouds, &o. : the latter only of 
living tilings). To ascend gradually, 
gradatim aacendere. (Trans.) To as- 
cend a wall, mi^rum ascendore : a tree, 
in arborera iiisceiidorc : the rostra, in 
rostra (in concionem) esccndcre ; ascen- 
dere in rostra : to ascend the pulpit, * in 
gacrum suggestum ascenderc : the throne, 
*in regiam sedem escendore (properly) ; 
regnum adipisci: legnum occupare (of 
obtaining royal power ; the latter especial- 
ly unlawfully). \\ Fig., to ascend to 
honors, &c., asccndero ad honores, ad 
altiorem gradum ; also without ad : pro- 
movcri ad or in amplioremgradum. || The 
ascending lines (in genealogical tables), 
gradus ascendcntium (Paul., Dig.). 

ASCENDANT, fastigium, or by adjec- 
tive Bummus. To be in the ascendant, in 
(tam) sublime fastigiimi venisse: in ho- 
40 



AS CR 

nore esse : fiorere : vigere : Bummam 
fortunam, summain gloriam consccutum 
esse : gloria tiorere : esse in laude : in 
claritudinem pcrvenisse : gloria circum- 
fiuere : omnium sermone celebrari : in 
magno nomine et gloriS, esse : magnd 
celebritate famae esse (of persons only). 
(2) II Superiority, influence, pratj- 
stantia. 2'o have the ascendant in any 
thing, aliqua re preestare alicui : potiorem 
esse aliquo : aliquem antecedere, antecel- 
lere, anteire, antistare, excellere, prajce- 
dere, jireecurrere, superare : praspoUere : 
prievulere (pra3valere, Liv., prajf.). || As- 
cendants (in degrees of kindred), 
ascendentes (opposed to descendentes, 
Paul., Dig.). 

ASCENDENCY, prastantia: vis. [Vid. 
Ascend.ant (2).J To have ascendency 
over, vim exercere in aliquem : multum 
valGre ad aliquid ; momentum habere ad 
aliquid. 

ASCENSION, ascensus, us (in aliquid; 
also of ascension of the stars) : ascensio 
(less common) : conscensio (in aliquid : 
act of climbing or mounting for the pur- 
pose of entering into : escensus is without 
certain authority in the old writers, for in 
Lie., 34, 28, and Tac, Ann., 13, 39, 2, as- 
censu is now read). \\ Ascension to heaven, 
* abitus or ascensus in coslum. \\ Ascen- 
sion day, * dies per Christi in coelum 
abitum sacrata; or *dies memorise Christi 
in coelum profecti sacra. In the Roman 
Catholic Church, festum [dies festus] as- 
censlonis Domini. 

ASCENT, (1) II nc« of ascending: 
ascensus, lis (in aliquid) : ascensio (less 
commonly). (2) || Way by which one 
ascends, ascensus. A steep ascent, as- 
census arduus (Cic). (3) \\ An emi- 
nence, locus editus ; locus superior. 

ASCERTAIN, || make certain, csten- 
dere : declarare : probare : planum faccre 
atque probare. Aiiy thing ascertains the 
meaning of a word, aliquid satis declarat, 
qusenam sub voce — subjieienda sit sen- 
tentia. || To ascertain a person of 
any thing, probare aUcui aliquid: de- 
monstrare : efflcere (establish) : vincere : 
evincere (prove against all opposilirm). 
11 To learn for certain, aliquid com- 
perire : to have ascertained, (pro) certo 
scire : exploratum habere aliquid or ali- 
qJld mihi exploratum est: perspectum 
planeque cognitum liabC-re. 

ASCERTAINMENT: the nearest, per- 
haps, regula or norma ad quam aliquid 
dirigatur. Better by circumlocution with 
verbs under Ascertain. '^ For want of 
ascertainment, how far," &c., * quum non- 
dum satis sit exploratum, quatenus, &c. 
ASCETIC, s., asceta, a; (fem., ascetria) : 
acKYiTi'ii, quern vocant. || Lmpbopb., vir 
vita durus. || Adj., an ascetic life, vita 
parcissima ac durissima. To lead an as- 
cetic life, PROPR., * ascetarum more vi- 
vere : impb., parce ac duriter vivcre. 

ASCETICISM, immanitas in voluptati- 
bus aspemandis (C. Part., 23, 81). 

ASCII, * qui loca ascia incolunt (loca 
ascia, Ptin.). 

ASCITES, a.acltes, se, m. (Ccel. Aur., 
Turd., 3, 8 ; Plin., Valer., 3, 12. In Cels., 
uOKiTriS.) 

ASCITlTIOUS.adscItus or ascitus (par- 
ticiple : opposed to nutivus). 

ASCRIBABLE, ascribendus, &.C., or 
quod ascribi debet, potest, &c. 

ASCRIBE, ascribere alicui aliquid (to 
attribute aiiy thing, whether good or bad, 
to any body, as its author, inventor, or 
cause) : assignare alicui aliquid (to at- 
tribute any thing to any body, as proceed- 
ing from him ; to impute it to him as a 
fault, or ascribe it to him as a merit) : ad- 
dicere alicui aliquid (to pronounce any 
body the author of a writing, book, &c., 
Gell., 3, 3) : tribuero or attribuero alicui 
aliquid (10 represent any body as the cause 
of any thing ; to lay tkt blame of it upon 
?lim). To ascribe the invention of any 
thing to any body, aliquid alicui inventori 
ascribere: to ascribe any thing to fear, 
aliquid timori assiiniare : to ascribe an 
evil, a mischance, &c., to any body, alicui 
casum adversum tribuere ; alicui incom- 
raodum ascribere. You ascribe all this to 
me, haic tibi a me eveniunt 



ASK 

ASH, fraxinus. || Of ash, iraxlneus. 
II Mountain-ash, sorbus [sorbxia aucu- 
paria, Liv.] : ^^r' ^ot ornus. 

ASHAMEI>, pudore suftusus. To be 
ashamed, pudet me (alicujus rei ; also 
with infinitive, Ter.) : pudor suflunditur 
mihi : pudore affici (aliqua re). 
ASH EN, fraxineus. 

ASHES, cinis (remains of a bumeA 
body, whether stil glowing or burned out ; 
also both singular and plural, as ashes of 
a burned corpse) : favilla (ashes as light, 
floating particles, especially when still 
glowing) : lix, geii. Ucis (ashes from the 
hearth ; cinis foci, Varr. : lye-ashes). To 
burn or reduce any thing to ashes, aliquid 
in cinerem redigere (for any purpose) : in 
cinerem or cineres vertere (^^annihilaie, 
destroy) : to be burned or reduced to ashes, 
in cinerem redigi (for any purpose ; e. g., 
horn) : in cinerem or cineres verti (to be 
destroyed, annihilated) : conflagrare: de- 
fiagrare : consumi (to be burned up or 
down). Reduced or burned to ashes, in 
cinerem redactus : ad cinerem ambustus 
(crumblfd to ashes by burning). The fire 
is burning tinder the ashes, cinere latet 
obrutus ignis (tropically, Lucr., 4, 924) ; 
ignis suppositus est cinere (doloso, Hor., 
tropically). To lie in sackcloth and ashes, 
Eordidatum or atratum esse (according to 
Roman custom). To adjure any body by 
the ashes of any body, obsecrare aliquem 
per cinerem murtui alicujus. Peace to 
thy ashes, tua ossa bene quiescant (Pe- 
tron.) ; tua ossa molliter cubent (Ch.) ; 
bene placideque quiescas (terraque tibi 
sit .super ossa levis, Tib). 

ASIIORE, in litore (on the shore) : in 
arido (on dry land) : ad litus; in terram 
(to the shore). To go ashore, exire in 
terram ; e navi exire, or exire only : egr§- 
di, ascendere, escensionem facere (in 
terram). 7'o put soldiers. Sec, ashore, 
milites in terram (or in terra) exponere. 
To run or be driven ashore (of a ship), in 
terram defcrri (to be carried to the land; 
stronger, in litus ejici ; vado, or in vadum. 
Or litoribus elidi.) To run a vessel ashore 
(intentionally), ad litus appellere. To be 
ashore (of soldiers, &c.), expositos or in 
terram (or in terra) expositos esse. 

ASH-WEDNESDAY, * dies cinenim 
sacrorum. 

ASHY, cinereus : cineraccug : cinera 
ceo or cinericeo colore : leucophseus (be 
twcen white and black). 

ASIDE, seorsum (apart from others') : 
in latus : oblique : in obliquum. But 
mostly with verbs compounaed with se : to 
call any body aside, aliqxiem sevocare : to 
take or lead any body aflde, aliquem scdu- 
cere : to lay or put any thing aside, ali- 
quid Bcponere (properly) ; aliquid inter- 
mitti^re or omittere (figuratively, to give 
up any thing ; intermittere, for a time ; 
omittere, entirely). To soy any thing aside 
to any body, aliquid jilicui in aurem dicere. 
ASININE, asininus (belonging to or 
proceeding from an ass : not in the sense 
of ^'stupid"). \\Stupid: Etolidus: fatuus: 
stupidus : hebes : tardus. Jn. stupidus 
et tardus. 

ASK, interrogare, rogare aliquem, or 
(less frequently) de aliquo -.any body about 
any thing, aliquem aliquid (or less com- 
monly de re : both geniral terms, to ask for 
the purpose of getting an an.-'Wcrfrom any 
body, or learning his opinion) : sciscitari 
fx aliquo (to ask urgently; often from 
curiosity, with inquisitiveness, eagerness, 
or in an artful manner) : quairere, exqui- 
rere, requirore ex or ab aliquo (to ask 
amnectedly and accurately , to question 
for the purpose of arriving at certainty. 
Qua-rcrc is the proper word of a judgr 
questioning an accused person) : percunc- 
tari de or ex aliquo (to desire to knov. 
every thing exactly : hence the proper word 
for asking the jrrice of goods, t>. Gell., 9, 
4, p. init. : whether, utrum ; if or whether 
any thing, ecquid or quid, not si quid). 
To ask in a captious manner, captiose in- 
terrogare : to ask any body for advice, 
consulere aliquem : to ask one's way, ro- 
gare viam (t) ; exquirere iter. I had no 
occasion to ask that, hoc mihi non ftut 
quaerendum. \\ Request : rogare: pe- 
tere (general term for asking, whether at 



ASPE 
A rtneit or a demand; in the Middle, 
Aer^ore, between poscere and orare, but 
mmemhat nearer to a request: petere 
mottiy refer* to the object, rogare to the 
person : hence petere aliqiiid ab aliquo : 
rogare aliquem aliquid.) To ask almost 
with tears, omnibus precibus, paene lacri- 
mis etiam obsecrare aliquem : to ask any 
bodies life, petere vitam (innocenti) : to 
oak any thing as a matter of right, aliqiiid 
jure qnodam suo postulare. To he able 
to ask any thing as (a matter of) right, 
aUquid jure quodam suo postulare posse : 
jostani postulandi causam habere. || In- 
vite : invitare : vocare : to dinner, ali- 
quem ad coenam vocare or invitare : to 
on^s house, aliquem domum suam invi- 
tare. 11 Demand such a price: indi- 
care (opposed to promittere, to offer so 
much). To ask 100 sesterces, indicare 
centum nunrU {or nummls). \\Regu ire : 
poscere : postulare : flagitare. Mostly by 
genitire or adjectire vrith esse: this asks 
prudence, est prudentis [causa, res, tern- 
pus poscit ; quum res postulabit : qusB 
tempus et necessitas flagitat). i| To ask 
pardon, vid. Pabdox. || To ask leave, 
veniam petere. 

ASKANCE or ASKAUXCE, oblique: 
in obl:qu\mi. To look askance at any 
body, aliquem limis oculis adspicere 
{Flau!.), aliquem limis spectare (Ter.). 

A3K.\UN"T. Vid. Askacsce. 

ASKER, rogator (e. g., haec epistola 
non suasoria est, sed rogatoris, Cic) : in- 
terrogator (Ulp; Dig-)- Participle, ro- 
gans : interrogans. To reply to an asker, 
interroganti alicui respondere. 

ASLAKE (pbs-), reprimere (e. g., ignem, 
sitim) : opprimere (e. g^ flanunam) : com- 
pescere (fi. g., incendi\im) : sedare (e. g-, 
sitim). 

ASL.\>iT, oblique : in obliquum: ex ob- 
iiquo : transverse : transverse : in trans- 
versum {across). 

ASLEEP, in somno: sonino. To be 
asleep, dormire {general term) : dormitare 
(to be in a deep sleep) : quiescere (to be at 
rest after exertion) : somnum capere {to 
fall asleep). A person asleep, dormiens. 
/ hate not been asleep all night, sonmum 
eao hac nocte oculis non vidi meis ( Ter.) : 
totam noctem pervigilavi To prevent 
any body from falling asleep, sJiquem 
somno prohibere. / easily fall asleep, 
facilis milii est somnus {opposed to dim- 
eilis mihi est somnus). To put or lull 
asleep, soplre : consopire: alicui somnum 
afierre, parere, conciliare {properly) : se- 
curum, lentum, or negligentem reddere, 
or facere (figuratively, of making a person 
ccreless, lazy, &c.). 

ASLOPE, obBqne : in obBquum. 

ASP, aspis (the proper word, * coluber 
tn Linn.). 7%fi bite of an asp, aspidls 
morsus. 

ASP.\LATHU3, aspalathus. 

ASPARAGUS, asparagus (aspharagus, 
AppuL, Herb-, 84). 

ASPECT, {[look, aspectus [aspectus 
laatus, horridus, deformis turpisque] : 
TLBus {not visum) : species : forma : facies 
{outward appearance, foiTn : foTroA also of 
beautiful appearance: all fite both of living 
and lifeless things) : os {tcith reference to 
the whole form of the face) : vultus {with ref- 
erence to the countenance). \\ Look (act- 
ive); act of beholding, aspectaa. \\Di- 
rection (of local position) : circumlocu- 
tion by specto {mostly with axi, in), less 
frequently aspecto with accusative. To 
hare an eastern aspect, ad orientem solem 
spectare. The situation and aspect of a 
villa are of great importance, permagni 
est, ubi sit posita villa, quo spectet (por- 
ticibus, ostiis ac fenesttis, Varr.). (| Sit- 
uation or prospect of affairs: sta- 
tus : conditio : locus : temporum ratio,- 
or tempora, or res only, or a neuter adjec- 
tire . the a-9pect of things is brighter, om- 
nia jam hilariora sunt : the aspect of my 
affairs is brighter, res meae meliore loco 
sunt : is darker, res mese sunt minus se- 
cundffl ; deteriore sum statu : the aspect 
of things is much changed, magna facta 
est rerum commutatio ; versa sunt om- 
nia : the unfavorable or threatening aspect 
of the times, iniquitas rerum or temporum. 
Ji Aspect of the stars, aspectus (siderum. 



ASS A 

PK».) : positus ac spatia ffldemm {Toe.) : 
positura stellarum (GelL). 

.\SPECT,.r., aspectare: spectare. 

ASPEN, * popultts tremnla. || Adj. 
populeus. 

ASPERATE, asperare (Fiirr, CoL, 
Tac.). 

ASPERITY, asperitas: acerbitas ^f- 
temess, roughness of things; of mind, 
voice, &c : 'sharpness, e. g., of vinegar). 
To speak with asperity, aspere concitate- 
qne dicere. Jn. tristitia atque asperitas : 
asperitas et immanitas naturae. 

.4SPERNATION, aspematio (Cic). 

ASPERSE, aspergere aliquem al^aufl 
re (not aliquetn alone), or aliquid a^ :ni 
[e. g., labem or labeculam (nonnuHam) 
alicui aspei^ere {Cic): aliquem macula 
aliqud aspergere {Cic) : aliquem infami^ 
or Ungua aspflRere {Cic) : alicui aJiquid 
mali fikucibus ^are {rhetorical, Cic) ] : 
de fam^ or glorid alicujus detrahere : ex- 
istimationem alicujus oppugnare : incur- 
rere in alicujus famam: calumniari (to 
accuse falsely nnth bad intention) : crimi- 
naii{toNacken; to excite suspicion against 
any body by accusation : aliquem apud ali- 
quem) : male dicere alicui (to speak HI 
of). Also aliquem variis rumoribus dif- 
ferre. 

ASPERSION, \\act of sprinkling, 
aspersio (aquae, Cic.) : aspersus (only in 
ablatmce, aspersu : perhaps only in Pirn.). 
WCalumny: calumnia: criminatio: lab^ 
or labecola alicui aspersa : nota alicui 
aspersa (Ulp.). 

ASPHALTIC, bituminatus (e. g., aqua) : 
bituminosus (e. g., terra : fontes, Vitr.) : 
bitumineus (Oc-). 

ASPH.\LTOS, bitumen (acrifiaXTos). 

ASPHODEL, asphodelus (asphodehis 
ramosus, Zinii.) : pure Latin, albutium 
{according to Isid., Orig., 17, 9, 84). 

ASPIC, aspis, idis. 

ASPIRATE, aspirare. To aspirate a 
consonant, consonanti aspirare or aspira- 
tionem adjicere (Quint.). A'o« to aspirate 
a corisonant, consonanti aspirationem de- 
trahere. 

ASPIRATE, adj. An a.'pirate, litera 
cui aspirator, or cm aspiratio adjicitur 
{Quint.). 

ASPIRATION, II earnest desire {of 
something great) : desiderium alicujus 
rei: magnum, summum, or incredibile 
alicujus rei deaiderimn. To have lofty 
aspirations, perhaps alta mente prseditum 
esse : excelsum quendam et altum, et 
humana despicientem genitum esse : al- 
tiore animo esse : * magno rerum bona- 
rom desiderio teneri, incensum esse : elate 
atque ample sentire. \\Pronunciation 
of a letter with a rough breathing: as- 
piratio. To pronounce no consonant tcith 
an aspiration, nusquam nisi in vocali as- 
piratione nti. 

ASPIRE TO, aspirare ad (w in aliquid, 
or with local adceirb in o (sometimes tcith 
dative or absolutely) : sectari or consectari 
ahquid {to pursue it earnestly). Also pe- 
tere or appetere aliquid : captare aliquid : 
Etodere alicui rei : concupiscere aliquid. 
To aspire to the praise we long for, ad eam 
laudem, quam volumus, aspirare (Cic): 
to aspire to immortality, immortalitatem 
sectari : to aspire to any body's good-will, 
benevolentiam alicujus consectari : to 
teealth or power, opes or potentiam con- 
sectari : to which you aspire, quo tu as- 
piras. 

ASQUINT : to look asquint, limis spec- 
tare (of a single case) : limis or perversis 
oculis esse, strabonem esse {to squint 
habitually). » 

ASS, asinus. Little ass, asellus. Young 
ass, colt of an ass, puUus asininus. The 
ass brays, asinus rudit. A wild ass. onager. 
II As a ward of contempt (=zfool, dolt) the 
Romans used asinus only of a simple, silly 
person [In me qnidvis harum rerum 
convenit Quae sunt diet® in stultnm, 
caudex stipes, asinus, plumbeus, 
Ter.] : stipes : truncus : aeqne hebcs ac 
pecus (Cic). Ass's skin, * pcllis asinina : 
milk, lac asininum. 

ASSAIL, adoriri, aggredi aliquem ; im- 
petum facere or invadere in aliquem (all 
of enemies : invadere also of dogs) : in- 
cumere, incursare in with accusative {of 



ASS A 

running wildly against ; e. g., of dog*, 
also the proper word of cavalry) : tentare 
aliquem {of diseases) : oppugnare aliquem 
{alio especially ofattacking'a city; urbem 
oppugnare or impugnare): insectari ali- 
quem vehementius : in vehi in aliquem acer- 
bins {of assailing with hard word-^). To 
assail with the sword, ferro petere aliquem. 
or {of provoking him ; of acting on the of- 
fensive) ferro lacessere aliquem. To as- 
sail any body from behind, a tergo adoriri 
aliquem: to assail any body wUh stones, 
aliquem sasis incessere : with prayers, en- 
treaties, &C., precibus agere cum aliquo: 
precibus fatigare aliquem (to weary him 
with prayers) : orare aliquem supplicibns 
verbis .- to assail any body with prayers 
and almost with tears, omnibus precibus, 
paene lacrimis etiam obsecrare aliquem. 

ASSAILABLE, circumlocution by inj- 
pusnari oppugnari, &c., posse. 

ASSAILANT, oppugnator (e. g., patria, 
Liv., salutis meae, Cic) : or by circumlo- 
cution with verbs under Assail (qui, Slc, 
adoritur aliquem, lacessit, impugnat ali- 
quem), or by their participles (invadens, 
&c). 

AS3AILER, oppugnator. VidLAssAit- 

AST. 

ASSASSIN, dcarius (one who makes 
murder a traide, of which the oca. is his 
toot) : percnssor alicujus': auctor necis 
{one who actually struck the death-blow) : 
interfector {general term occisor only in 
PlauL; peremtor, interemtor, lau). To 
hire on assassin, conducere aliquem ad 
caedem faciendam : to hire an assassin to 
kill any body, percussorem emere in aH- 
quem : percussorem aUcui subomare. 
Sometiaus insidiator {one who kUls bf 
treadury). 

ASSASSINATE, caedem (* ex msidii^ 
fecere, committere: any body, aliquem 
ex insidiis interficere : aliquem percu- 
tere (to strike) : trucidare (eta down like 
an or; butcher): to employ any body to 
assassinate another, alicui negotiom dare, 
ut aliquem interficiat 

ASSASSINATION, caedes : * caedes ex 
insidiis facta : to accuse any body of as- 
sassination, accusare inter sicarios {Cic, 
Rose. Am., 32, 90). 

ASS.-iL'^LT, r., adoriri, aggredi aliquem : 
impetum facere or invaidere in ahquem : 
incurrere, incursare in aliquem : oppug- 
nare or impugnare (urbem. (Scc„ also ali- 
quem). With the sward, ferro petere or 
lacessere aliquem: tn the rear, a tergo 
adoriri aliquem. [Sttc. in Assau..] || To 
commit an assault on any body, ah- 
ctji manus afferre, admovere, injicere: 
alicui vim aflFerre {also = to lay violent 
hands on, to kUt) : alicui vim et manus 
injicere (to commit violence) : plagam or 
plagBs alicui imponere, infl^ere, injicere 
(to strike any body). 

ASSAULT, s., impetus : incnrsus (both 
ofememies and of a disease) : oppugnatio, 
impetus in locum factus {assault on a 
town). A personal assault, vis or verbera. 
To commit an assault upon any body, 
alicui vim afferre (Cic): vim facere in 
aliquem (Ter.). [Vid. Assai7I.t, f.1 To 
accuse any body of an assault, or bring 
an action of assault against any body, ah- 
quem reum facere de vL To take a town, 
ice, by assault, vi or impeto capere : vi 
or per vim expugnare : impeto facto 
scahs capere. 7\> determine on an as 
sauU, exercitum ad urbem oppugnandam 
admovere : to order an ana i il t, urbem vi 
adoriri or oppugnare: scalis muros ag- 
grgdi. To commit a arimmal assault, vim 
or stoprum afferre alicui; stoprum in- 
ferre alicui ; per vim staprare ahquam ; 
decus muliebre expugnare {Liv.). [Vid. 
Attack, end.] 

ASSALT.TER, oppugnator. Vid. A» 

SAILANT. 

ASS.^Y, r., tentare, experiri, periclitari 
aliquem or ahquid : pericnlum facere 
alicujus or aKcujus rei [Vid. difference 
in Assay, s.] : explorare ahquid : pro- 
bare is in thu meaning without dassiaU- 
authority. To assay ny strength, tentara 
quid possim: Ut us assay our strength, 
experiamur, quid uterque poesit: to a» 
say, if. See., experiri, si, &c. : whether — or 
utrunt— an, &c. \\Try, Sec, tentare. 
41 



ASSE 

eonari: to assty {gold, &c.), aliquid ad 
obrussain exigere (obrassa, assay by fire) ; 
igni spectare aliquid and (figuratively) 
aliquein {Cic.) : to assay any body s fideli- 
ty, alicujus tidem inspicere {Oe.). 

ASSAY, s., tentatio : tentamen {gen- 
eral term for trial : the former as act : the 
latter only in Ov., but doubtless current in 
prose) : experimentum (trial for the pur- 
pose of obtaining experience) : periculum 
(trial atte7ided with risk). Assay of gold, 
obrussa (trial by fire) : spectatio (e. g., 
pecuniai). To make assay. Vid. to As- 
say, V. 

ASSAYER, spectator (e. g., pecuniai). 

ASSECUTION, comparatio: adeptio. 

ASSEMBLAGE, \\ assembly, Vid. 
WCollection of things: acervus: cu- 
mulus : congeries : strues (heap, pile. 
Syn. in Heap) : multitudo : thesaurus 
(assemblage of valuables) : i^"' collectio 
is only the act of assembling ; e. g., col- 
lectio membrorum Absyrti (Cic.): col- 
lectus occurs in Frontin., de Limit, (col- 
lectus aquai pluvialis). 

ASSEMBLE, tji., cogere (properly, to 
drive together; to bring together to one 
point) : congregare (to drive together like 
a herd) : couvocare (to call together) : con- 
ducere : contrahere (to draw together ; e. 
g.. troops): to assom.ble the people, con- 
cionein vocare or convocare : the senate, 
eenatum cogere or convocare : the troops 
(for the purpose of addressing them), mili- 
tes in concionera convocare : to assemble 
troops at a given place, milites, copias in 
unum locum cogere, conducere, or con- 
trahere. Intr., cogi : se congregare : 
convenire : coire (to come together) : con- 
fluere: frequentes convenire (of flowing 
together in a large body) : convolare (to 
fly together in haste) : to assemble in the 
senate-house (after being summoned), in 
seiiatum or in curiam cogi. 

ASSEMBLING (participial substan- 
tive), congregatio ; convocatio. 

ASSEMBLY, \\of persons : conven- 
tus (assembly as meeting at a certain or 
appointed place) : cnetus (assembly as meet- 
ing to assist in a common purpose) : con- 
cio (assembly as summoned to listen to an 
address ; e. g., of the people, of soldiers) : 
circulus (assembly as circle conversing to- 
gether, or standing round a speaker) : coro- 
na (crowd encircling a speaker) : consessus 
(a sitting assembly ; e. g., of judges, spec- 
tators, &c) : concilium (a summoned as- 
sembly, in which one declares what is to be 
done) : consilium (an assembly in which 
each person is to declare what he thinks 
should be done) : comitia, plural, is an his- 
torical term for the meeting of the Roman 
people : acroasis (oKpoaciS, a convcrsa^ 
zione: an assembly where one or more en.- 
tertain the rest by singing, reading aloud, 
&c.). A numerous assembly, celeber con- 
ventus : celebritas (so far as a place is 
visited by numbers ; is of much resort) : 
frequentia (so far as an assembly is in it- 
self numerous : so far as sufficient num- 
bers are present). To summon an assem- 
bly, concionem vocare, advocare, or con- 
vocare : any body to an assembly, aliquem 
ad concihum vocare : to hold an assembly, 
concilium or concionem habere : to dis- 
miss an assembly, concilium or concionem 
dimittere (all these, of course, to be used 
accordi?ig to the meaning of concio, con- 
cilium, &c.). 

ASSENT, v., assentiri or (more common- 
ly) assentire alicui (ut, &c.) : annuere (ab- 
Molutcly) : consentire alicui rei or ad aU- 
^uid (to an offer or proposal) : concederc 
alicui rei (to yield to it). 

ASSENT, s., assensio : assensus : astip- 
ulatio : astipulatus. With my assent, mo 
issentiente ; me annuente. 
ASSENTATION, assentatio (Cic). 
ASSERT, aio (to affirm a proposition by 
simply expressing it ; opposed to nego) : 
affirmare (to affirm it as certain : opposed 
to doubts and rumors, dubitare) : asseve- 
rare (to assert strongly and in earnest ; 
opposed to a light or jocular affirmation) : 
defendere (to maintain a proposition that 
's attacked) : contendere (to perseveringly 
maintain an opinion against contradic- 
ion) : dicere (to say, without any acces- 
sory notion). To assert that any thing is 
42 



ASSE 

not so, negare. Democritus asserts that 
nobody can be a great poet without some- 
thing of madness, Democritus negat sine 
furore quemquam poetam magnum esse 
posse, l^ Not asserere. \\ Defend, 
defendere: dcfensare: from or against 
any body, ab aliquo, contra aliquem, ab 
aliqua re : tueri : tutari (ab aliquo, ab ali- 
qua re, contra aliquem or aliquid) : pro- 
pugnare pro aliqua re. Jn. defendere et 
protegere ; defendere et propugnare [vid. 
Defend]. {{Claim; vindicate a ti- 
tle to: rem sibi or ad se vindicare (by 
law or not) : tenere : obstinere (to make 
good one's right to a disputed possession) : 
retinere (to withhold a?iy thing, not to 
give it up). In the poets and later prose 
writers, asserere aliquid alicui (sibi), or 
asserere only (se coelo asserere, Ov. So 
" assert the native skies," Dryd. ; i. e., 
claim to be heaven-born : nee laudes assere 
nostras, Ov. ; nee sapientis nomen sibi 
asseruit, Quint.). To assert a right suc- 
cessfully, jus tenere, obtiiiere, retinere : 
to assert a right (= to endeavor to make it 
good), jus persequi : to assert one's liber- 
ty (i. e., to escape from an actual servi- 
tude), se in libertatem asserere ; se as- 
serere (Ov.). 

ASSERTION, affirmatio : asseveratio 
(both as an action) : sententia (opinion) : 
opinio: decretum: dogma (opinion of a 
school in philosophy). To retract an as- 
sertion, sententiam mutare : revocare. 
1^^ Assertio is the maintaining in a 
court of justice that a person is a free 
man or a slave. 

ASSERTIVE, aiens (opposed to negans) : 
[affirmativus in grammar, Diom.]. '■'In 
a Confident and assertive form," o:ffirmate 
(Cic.) : affirmatissime (Gell.). 

ASSERTER, assertor alicujus rei (vin- 
dicator; 6. g., gladius aseertor libertatis, 
Sen.) : propugnator alicujus rei (e. g., 
libertatis, Cic, a champion of a cause) : 
defensor (a defender ; also one who wards 
off any thing) : qui aliquid affirmat, &c. 
(nffirmer: affirmator, late: Ulp., Tertull., 
Min. Fel). 

ASSESS, censere (to value any body's 
property with a view to taxation: to fix, 
therefore, not how much he is to pay, hut 
what his whole ratable property is to be 
considered). To assess a town. Sec, cen- 
sere (to value all the property) : tributa in 
singula capita imponere (to put so much 
on each individual). Also by circumlocu- 
tion with tributum, vectigal, &c., impo- 
nere alicui or alicui rei : my estate is as- 
sessed very high, agris (meis) pergrande 
vectigal impositum est (Cic). To be as- 
sessed, censeri ; vectigal or tributum mihi 
impositum est : * aliquid ex censu (quo- 
tannis) conferre or pendere (cf. omnes 
SicuU ex censu quotannis tributa con- 
ferunt, Cic.). I am assessed at two mill- 
ion sesterces, * sestertii vicies ex censu 
(quotannis) confero. 

ASSESSMENT. The nearest words are: 
tributum (poll-tax; income-tax): vectigal 
(land-tax) : census (any body's estimated 
property) : aestimatio (act of valuing). 
As act: *tributorum in singula capita 
distributio (dividing, among the rate- 
payers, the whole sum to be levied). 

ASSESSOR, \\one who sits by an- 
other, in court or council-room, to 
advise Aim: assessor: also synedrus 
(among the Greeks, of a member of a col- 
legium, &c., Liv). \\One who is next 
in dignity: qui assidct alicui (y^oWicaZ- 
ly after Hor.: assidet iusano) : better, qui 
ad aliquem, or alicui prope, or proximus 
accedit: or by qui cum aliquo dignitate 
exequatur (of actual equality) : qui se- 
cundum locum dignitatis obtinet ; qui ali- 
cui dignitate proximus est (of occupying 
the second place). The assessor of a throne, 
proximus or secundus a rege : secundum 
gradum imperii tenere. || Assessor of 
taxes: *qui tributa in singula capita di- 
vidit: censor [vid. Assess]: testimator: 
* qui quantum a quoque viro ex censu 
conferendum sit, Kstimat (?) : exactor 
vectigalium (tax-gatherer). 

ASSETS. The nearest, perhaps, fortuna 
tota (alone or with quam aliquis reliquit, 
if the. person is dead, Pha:dr., i, 5, 8) : bona 
(all his good."!). 



ASSI 
ASSEVLll, Jassevcrare. Vid.A»- 

ASSEVERATE, 5 seet, Affikm. 
ASSEVERATION, asseveratio. Vid. 
Affirmation. 
ASS-HEAD, stipes, caudex, asinus. 
ASSIDUITY, assiduitas (continued, un- 
interrupted exertion) : sedulitas (indefat- 
igable bustling activity in small matters) : 
diligentia (careful and close application) : 
industria (industry of a high and elevated 
kind). Vid. Industry. 

ASSIDUOUS, assiduus (constantly act- 
ive): scdu]ixa (busily active, bustling : op- 
posed to piger) : industrius (restlessly act- 
ive^ in high matters : opposed to segnis) : 
diligcns (carefully and closely applying 
one's thoughts and exertio7is to the attain- 
ment of an object). To be assiduous in 
any business, in re agendfi, acrem et in- 
dustrium esse. 

ASSIDUOUSLY, assidue : Industrie: 
diligenter : sedulo. Syn. in Assiduous. 
ASSIEGE. Vid. Besiege. 
ASSIGN, assignare (to assign any thing 
to any body, especially of lands to colonists: 
also munus alicui, a task, Cic.) : attribu- 
ere alicui aliquid (general tam for grant- 
ing to a person : also of public lands, 
money, &c.) : delegai-e aliquem (to refer 
any body to another who is to do any 
thing ; to appoint a third person to pay 
another or to be paid by him: delegare 
est vice sud alium reum dare creditori 
vel cui jusserit, Ulp., Dig. ; e. g., dele- 
gare debitorem, to refer any body to one 
who is in my debt and will pay him : I will 
assign you to Epicurus, he will pay you ; 
delega,bo tibi Epicurum : ab iUo fiet nu- 
meratio. Sen. Also delegare alicui ali- 
quem, cui numeret, to order him to pay a 
debt due to me to a third person). To as- 
sign lands to any body, assignare alicui 
agros : to assign public lands to the people, 
plebem in agris constituere ; multitudi- 
nem in agris coUocare : to assign the 
troops winter-quarters, hiberna constitu- 
ere : to assign every man his task, suunj 
cuique munus describere : money to any 
body, attribuere alicui pecuniam: alicui 
pecuniam curare (sc. solvendam ab ali- 
quo, to order it to be paid by a third per- 
son). 11 To assign a reason, rationem, 
causam aiierre : any thing as an excuse, 
excusare aliquid. \\In law: to prove 
or establish (as in, to assign error; 
false judgment ; a waste. Sec), planum 
facere : planum facere atque probare : 
testibus planum facere : or productis tes- 
tibus probare (if by evidence). 

ASSIGNABLE, qui, &c., assignari po- 
test; qui ostendi, nominari, dici potest 
There is no assignable cause, nulla ratio, 
or causa afferri potest : nihil aflfertur, or 
afferri potest (cur, Sec). 

ASSIGNATS, *Utera3 quse de versurd 
publica cavent. 

ASSIGNATION, constitutum (assigna- 
tion and place of assignation) : to have art 
assignation with any body, constitutum 
habere cum aliquo : to make an assigna- 
tion with any body, constituere tdicui 
(Juv., 3, 12, Rupert.) : to keep an assigna- 
tion, venire ad constitutum. i^^These 
are general terms, not confined to the ap- 
pointments of lovers. \\The making 
over any thing to any body: assig- 
natio : attributio : perscriptio : delegatio. 
Syn. of verbs in Assign. 

ASSIGNEE : no exact expression. Cir- 
cumlocution by qui ab aliquo delegatur : 
qm mandata habet ab aliquo. 

ASSIGNER, qui assignat, describili 
&c. Vid. Assign. 

ASSIMILATE, simulare aliquid alicui r 
aseiraulare aliquid alicui: similein, facere : 
square : adisquare aliquid cum aliqu4 
re : later, mostly in the historians, alicui 
rei. II To assimilate food: digerere 
cibos (to convey food in a proper manner 
to the different parts of the body, Ccls.) : 
concoquere cibos (to digest food). 

ASSIMILATION, simulatio : assimula- 
tio. II Of food: digestio : concocdo (di- 
gestio is, according to Celsus, the passing 
of food, whether digested or not, to the 
proper parts of the body : concoctio ia 
" digestion"). 

ASSIST, juvare, adjuvare, operS adju- 
vare aliquem : in any thing, in aliquA re : 



ASSO 

■nTDiiim ferre alicui : auxiliari aUcni : 
esse in auxilio alicui ; opem ferre aUcoi : 
opitolari alicui : guccnrrere alicui, snbve- 
nire alicui: anbsidio venire alicui: sub- 
lerare aliquem. [Syx. in Aid.J To as- 
sist any body in doing any thing', tScm 
opitulari in aliqui re faciendl : aBcui op- 
eram euam conimodare ad aHqnid: ali- 
cui operant praebere in aUqui re. Their 
bodOy strength did not assist thent, irilul 
Ba corporis vires auxiliatae sunt (,Cie.). 
To assist digestion, concoctiones adju- 
^are. 

ASSISTANCE, auxilium: ops: subsi- 
dium : adjumentum : opera. [Syn. in 
Am, s.] By any hod^s assistance, alicu- 
jus auxilio, ope, adjumento : alicnjus ope 
adjutuB : aliquo adjuvante ; aliquo adju- 
tore ; alien jua operi. Withoia foreign (i. 
e, another's) assistance, sua sponte ; per 
ae:bythe assistance of God, juvante Deo, 
divina ope or (if spoken conditionally) si 
Deus juvet or adjuvabit. To offer on^s 
assistance to any body, offerre se, ei quo 
Dsus opersB sit : uncord or for any thing, 
ad aliquid operam suam profiteri : to 
bring or bear assistance to any body, ali- 
cui ansUium, opem ausiliumque, pr»si- 
dium, suppetias or subsidium ferre : ali- 
cui auxilium offerre : alicui adesse or 
prsesto esse (in time of need). To seek or 
call in the assistance of a physician, medi- 
co nti : medicum morbo a&ibere : for a 
tick person, medicum ad »grotum adda- 
cere. In every circumstance of life we re. 
quire the assistance of our feUaw-men, om- 
nis ratio atque inftitutio vita adjumenta 
hominum desiderat : to send any body to 
another's assistance, aliquem auxilio or 
■absidio mittere: aliqnem auxilii causa 
mittere : to send the infantry to the as- 
sistance of any body, pedites alicui subsi- 
dio or suppetias mittere : to go to any 
body's assistance, alicui auxilio venire: 
nlicui suppetias ire or proficisci: alicui 
eubvenire or succurrerc : to beg, Scc„ any 
body's assistance, auxilium, or opem, or 
opem atque auxilium, or praesidium pe- 
tere ab aliquo. 

ASSISTANT, adjutor (general term, 
^Iso assistant teacher) : sociiu {partner in 
any thing ; e. g., fiirtorum) : minister : 
administer (one who is present and assists 
in a subordinate capacity : especially in a 
bad sense) : collega (colleague) : hypodi- 
dascalus (under^master). Jx. minister et 
adjutor ; socius et particeps alicujus rei : 
eervus et minister alicujus rei. To be 
any body's assistant in any thing, alicnjus 
socium esse in re : in a crime, sceleri af- 
finem esse : to take any body for on^s as- 
tistatit, aliquem socium sibi adjungere: 
in any thing, aliquem socium adhibere in 
re : to give any body any body for an as- 
sistant in any thing alicui dare aliqnem 
ad rem adjutorem. 

ASSISTANT, adj., adjuvans. To be as- 
sistant to any body, juvare or adjuvare ali- 
quem. Vid. TO Assist. 

ASSISTER, adjiitor : qui opem, auxili- 
am. Sec., fert alicui: qui alicui adfiiit, 
prsesto fuit alicui (in need), &c. Vid. As- 
sistant. 

ASSIZE, conventus (the coming togeth- 
er of persons, at a gizen time and place, 
for the trial of their causes). To hold an 
assize or the assizes, conventum agere : a 
judge of assize, qui jure dicundo conven- 
tus circumit. [Vid. Cibccit.] To hare 
finished or returned from the assizes (i. c, 
a whole circuit), conventus peregisse. 
||^««i:e of bread, *pretium pani con- 
stitutum. 

ASSIZER of bread, * qui pretium pani 
constituit. 

ASSOCIATE, v., tb., eociare : conjun- 
gere aliquid cum aliquil re : adjungere 
aliquid alicui rei : anybody with any body, 
ahquem socium or cumitem addere aK- 
cuL To associate any body with myself, 
ourselves, (fcc, aliquem in societatem as- 
Eumere or ascribere (general term) : ali- 
qnem in collegium optare (of election into 
a corporate body by the members). Intb., 
\\keep company with: aliquo femilia- 
riter or intime oti ; in fnmriiaritale alicn- 
jus versari : alio vivere cimi aliquo ; se 
comitem or socium adjungere alicuL 
I Join one's self to, se jnngere or con- 



ASSU 

jongere cum aliquo (general term) : so- 
cietatem inire, coire, ncere cum aliquo 
(enter into a company, league, &C-, with) : 
fcedos &cere cum aUquo (of a league or 
compact). 

ASSOCLITE, adj., foederatus: fcedere 
junctus : socius (ally). 

ASSOCIATE, s., socius (partner, com- 
panion : bound to another by common in- 
terests : in any thing, alicujus rei; e. g^ 
periculi ; criminis) : sodalis (comrade, 
companion : bound to another by liking, 
for enjoyment. Sec.) : particeps aficujus 
rei : consors aUcujus rei (one who shorts 
in an enjoyment or possessimi : the parti- 
ceps [opposed to expers], voluntarily tak- 
ing a part : the consors [opposed to ex- 
sors], because, without co-operating, he is 
entiued to a share: socius imperii, a co- 
regent so far as he actually shares the busi- 
ness of a government ; consors, as far as 
the ofice is mo'ely honorary: particeps 
ejnsdem landis; conjurationis, volupta- 
tis : consors laboris, mendacitatis, vitio- 
rum — in Incris atque fartis): con victor 
(one who always lices with another) : comes 
(companion : one who keeps company with 
another, especially on a journey, in waOc- 
ing, &c.) : affinis alicujus rei or alicu rei 
(implicated in any thing, mostly in some- 
I thing bad, afBnis crimini : noxs, cnlpae). 
To declare his associates, conscios edere : 
to refuse to declare them, conscios celare. 

ASSOCIATION, II union, societas: to 
have formed a friendly association, soci- 
I etatem caritatis coiisse inter se. || A 
j union of persons for a particular pttr- 
; pose : societas (J'or some common busi- 
; ness : intellectual, commercial, &c.) : soda- 
j litas (a brotherhood ; a union of compan- 
i ions ; e. g., of certain priests at Borne ; 
\ then of any similar association ; e. g., of 
i the free-masons) : factio (a political party: 
j mostly in a bad sense) : collegium (a cor- 
I poration ; e. g^ of merchants, priests, arti- 
i sans,Sx.). \\''Assoeiation of ideas:" 
I Hand thinks that *associatio idearum 
i must be allowed as a technical term. 
I ASSORT, in genera digerere (after 
j Cic, Xfe O., 1, 42, 190) : digerere : in or- 
j dinem digerere. Vid. A&raxge. 
I ASSORTMENT, \\act of arrang- 
I ing. Sec., ordinatio: circumlocution with 
j in genera digerere, &c. || A collection 
j of goods, Su^., properly arranged: 
\ *merces in genera digestse, but mostly by 
I merces only, with a suitable adjectire ; e. 
I g., " an assortment of foreign goods," mer- 
ces peregrinaB. 
I ASSU.-iGE, lenire : mitigare : moHire : 
' levare ; aUevare ; sublevare : temperare. 
1 [Stn. in Alleviate.] To assuage hun- 
; ger or thirst, famem or sitim sedare : si- 
tim reprimere : famem or sitim explere, 
depfellere. brnu, minui, se minuere, and 
\ minuere only: imminui: remitti: se re- 
; mittere : levari ; sublevari : leniri : miti- 

gari. Si-N. in Abate. 
i ASSUAGEMENT. Vid. Alleviation-. 
 ASSU.\GER, circumlocution by verbs 
j un^ier Asscage [sedator, ^rno6.]. 
j ASSUASIVE, dolorem leniens or miti- 
! gans. 

ASSUBJUGATE. Vid. Sthjugate. 
I ASSUEFACTION, circumlociaion by 
i assuefacere (alicui rei, or with the infini- 
tive). 
I ASSUETUDE, assuetudo (to any thing, 
\ alicujus rei). 

! ASSUME, II take, sumere : capere. To 
[ assume as a pretence, simulare. || Take 
! or arrogate to one's self, sumere: 
I sibi sumere, assumere, asciscere, arro- 
' gare or tribuere : aliquid vindicare sibi or 
I ad se : aliquid nsurpare. To assume the 
I name of king, regium nomen sumere: 
[ regium nomen sibi asciscere : to assume 
i the royal authority, resnum sibi vindi- 
I care : the praises of another, * alius laodes 
j vindicare ad se : great authority, magnam 
j auctoritatem sibi sumere. || Take for 
i granted : sumere, or habere, or putare 
, pro certo : pro certo, or comprobato po- 
nere, or ponere only. Tou hare assumed 
that the gods are happy, deos beatos esse 
i sumsisti: (At^ being assumed and grant- 
i ed, hoc posito et concesso (posito alone is 
bad). All philosophers assume, inter om- 
i nes philosophos constat 



ASSU 

AS3UMER, arrogans : insolens : so- 
perbus. 

ASSUMING, arrogans : insolens : su- 
perbus. 

ASSUMPTION, vindicatio (act of claim- 
ing to one's self) : usurpatio (illegal as- 
sumption). l\ Arrogance : arrogantia : 
insolentia : superbia. [Vid. .\kbogasce.] 
\\ Postulate : snmtio (by which Cic 
translates the Greek )^ftita) : conjectura 
(conjectural assumption) : *praemi3sa syl- 
logismi (in logic: assumtio is "the mi- 
nor'' proposition). On this assumption, 
hoc posito atque concesso. || yl «« u mp- 
tion into heaven (e. g., of the Virgin 
Mary), * assumtio in coelimi; or by cir- 
cumlocution with *in ccelum assumi (after 
assmntns est in ccelum in the Creed). 

ASSURANCE, liducia (the proper word, 
the laudable trust in things we actually can 
trust, which is allied to the courage of 
trusting in ourselves) : conlidentia (a 
blamable, presumptuous trust, particularly 
in on^s own strength: opposed to fore- 
sight and discretion) : andacia (confidence 
arising from contempt of danger : it may 
imply either praise or dispraise) : auden- 
tia (laudable confidence; spirit of enter- 
prise): fidentia ("Fidentia est per 
qnam magnis et honestis in rebus mul- 
tum ipse animus in se fiducise certd 
cum spe collocavit," Cic.) : fides (faith in 
a man's honor) : spes firma : spes certa 
(confident expKtation) : firma animi con- 
fisio : animus certos et confirmatus. The 
full assurance of safay, certa fiducia (e. 
g., salutis : opposed to spes). To cause 
assurance, fiduciam faccre : alicui fiduci- 
am afferre : to feel a full assurance, cer- 
tain spem habere ; magnam fiduciam ha- 
bere. Tflth assurance (:=firm7iess, bold- 
nass), fidenter: fidenti .animo: (=^in a 
spirit of rash confidence) confidenter. 
II TFant of modesty, confidentia (e. g, 
videte quo vultu, qua confidentia dicant, 
Cic) : impudentia : os impudcns, or du* 
rum, or ferrenm : a man of consummate 
assurance, homo perfrictse frontis. |1 A 
pledge or security for payment: 
fiducia (also a sale, on condition of being 
permitted to buy back the thing sola). To 
receive such an assurance, fiduciam acci- 
pere : to hold it, fiduciam commissam te- 
nere. |I Posittre and confident 
statement : circumlocution by confir- 
mare aliquid ahcui : confirmare de ali- 
qud re ; or with the accusative and infini- 
tive. He gave them a solemn assurance, 
which he co/nfamtd hy an oath, that he 
would let them pass unmolested through his 
territory, pollicitus est et jurejurando con- 
firmavit, tutum iter per fines suos data- 
rum. II Insurance, Vro. 

ASSURE, II ntaintain the certainty 
of any thing: affirmare : confirmare 
(to assert the certainty of a thing emphat- 
icaUy): asseverare (to maituain a thing 
earnestly : aseerere is bad in this sense) m 
the (Solden Age with de, or the accusatite 
and infinitive : pro certo afiSrmare : 
sancte affirmare : with an oath, jureju- 
rando affirmare or confirmare. He assur- 
ed them with an oath that he would give, 
SiC, jurejorando confirmavit — daturum, 
&C. Be assured, persuadeas tibi ; persua- 
snm tibi sit ; crede mihi, or, more com- 
monly, mihi crede (parenthetically) : per- 
snadeas tibi velim ; velim tibi ita persua- 
deas : sic volo tibi persuadere. You may 
be assured that I shall do every thing, iQud 
cave dubites, quin ego omnia fariam, See. 
To feel assured of any body's fidelity, ejus 
fides mihi cognita est \\ Produce in 
any body the feeling of certainty 
about any thing: fiduciam facere ali- 
cui ; fiduciam afferre alicm. To feel as- 
sured of or about any thing, mnpTijiTri fidu- 
ciam habere alicujus reL li'SetrorA: 
despondere aliquem alicui ; desponsare 
(later. Suet.). 

ASSURED, II certa i» (objectively: of 
things) : certus : exploratus : non dubi- 
ns. It is an assured aperience, inter om- 
nes constat or constat only: a man of as- 
sured integrity, tir spectatteSdeL \\ Cer- 
tain (subjectaeiy : of persons) : certua. 
IJ^Tarin^ unbecoming assurance 
impiidens;. 

ASSUREDLY, ||»ur«/y; without 
43 



AST O 

doubt: ccrte, certo (the former relating' 
more to the persuasion of the speaker ; the 
latter to the real state of the case : both 
certe scio and certo scio occur ; the latter 
more commonly: certe is used objectively 
♦^ "orte evenire [Pract. Intr., ii., 5G1, &c.] 

liquido (with clearness ; with full cer- 
tainty ; without hesitation ; e. g., dicere ; 
contirmare, Cic. : jurare, Ter.) : baud 
dubie : sine uUa dubitatione (like certe : 
to intimate that the speaker entertains no 
doiiJjt of the truth of his assertion) : pro- 
fecto (i. e., for a fact: a strong asser- 
tion, that the statement made is objectively 
true: also tlie "doubtless" of assuviption ; 
as in " assuredly you are note at Rome," 
nunc quidem profecto Romas es) : sane 
{certainly ; of which a sane mind can not 
ejitertain a doubt : used, also, in replies) : 
niB (nearly ^ profecto, but stands only at 
the head of a sentence, mostly before a per- 
sonal pronoun) : recte (assuredly ; you 
are right : a courteous assent in replies) : 
utique (a restrictive particle of assertion : 
in Cic, chiefly in his letters, with impera- 
tive, subjunctive, and other expressions of 
wishing, advising, or commanding) : ni- 
mirum (of what is so certain, that it would 
be surprising if it were otherwise ; e. g., 
nimirum rccte). 5[^F° " -Assuredly," in a 
fentcnce containing a positive assertion, 
may often be translated by non dubito, 
quin, ifcc. Assuredly this can happen, 
non dubito, quin hoc .fieri possit. H If 
NOT — YET ASSUREDLY (=:«« all events), 
si non — at saltern ; si non — certe. || "As- 
suredly," as an answer: certe: sane or 
vero (often with the verb used in the ques- 
tion) : sane quidem. Sometimes recte : 
optima (of courteous assent). "Do you 
grant us this f" "Assuredly (I do)," 
dasne hoc nobis ? do sane. [Pract. Intr., 
ii., 148, 149.] \\lronically : certe; qui- 
dem certe ; nempe ; scilicet ; videlicet ; 
nimirum (of these, certe is the only one 
that can stand alone). || / believe any 
thing assuredly, persuasura est mihi ; 
persuasi mihi: to know assuredly, certo 
(jjro certo) scire : pro explorato habere 
aliquid ; certum, exploratum or comper- 
tum habere aliquid. 

Af!.SUIlER, qui caret de or pro aliqua 
re (lie who gives the security) : * qui cau- 
tionem adhibet alicui rei (he who takes the 
security). 

ASTERISK, asteriscus (aarcpiirKos). 

ASTERISM. Vid. Constellation. 

ASTERN, by circumlocution with pup- 
pis. " Those astern," qui in puppi sunt 
or sedent. 

ASTHMA, dyspnoea (iCsTzvoin) : anhe- 
latio : spiritus angustior ; angustiae spiri- 
tds. Also meatus anim® gravior et so- 
nantior (after Plin., 6, 16, 13). To have 
the asthma, dyspnoea laborare : gravem 
tardumq\ie spiritum expedire. 

ASTHMATIC, ?angusti pectoris: 

ASTHMATICAL, 5 spiritiis ansrusti- 
oris : dyspnolcus : nsthmaticus. To be 
asthmatic, ahcui spiritus difficilius reddi- 
tur. 

ASTONISH, in stuporem dare ; obstu- 
petacere (to astound). Circumlocution by 
mihi mirum videtur, &c. You astonish 
me hij, &,c., mirum mihi videtur, te, &,c. : 
to be astonished, obstupescere ; obstupe- 
fiori ; stupefieri (to be astomtdcd: also 
stupor me invadit: aliquid stupidum me 
tenet) : mirari, admirari, demirari ali- 
quid : accusative with infinitive, or aliquid. 
I am astonished at your not writing to me, 
miror te ad me nihil scribcre. / am as- 
tonishcd at your not laughing, miror 
quod non rideas, or te non ridere. Vid. 
Astonishment. 

ASTONISHING, stupendus : admira- 
bilis : mirus : mirificus : mirabilis. Some- 
times ingens, immanis (huge, immense^. 
An astonishing amount of 7noney, imma- 
nes pccunia?. To perform astonishing 
cures, miraliilitcr mederi iciirotis (Plin.j. 

ASTONISHINGLY, stupendum in mo- 
dum : mirum in modum : mirandum in 
modura : mirabilitcr : valde. 

ASTONISHMENT, miratio : admira- 
lio. To creMe astonishment, admiratio- 
Ticm efficere, raovere, haljero : to feel as- 
tonishment, adrairatione allici, fKhniratio 
tao iiicendit : to fit any bodii with aston- 
44 



AS YM 

ishment, aliqucm in admirationem conji- 
cere. 

ASTOUND. Vid. Astonish. 

ASTRADDLE. To ride astraddle, *eo, 
quo homines solent modo, equitare. 

ASTRAGAL, astragalus. 

ASTRAL. Vid. Starry. 

ASTRAY. To go astray, errare (also 
figuratively) : errore vagari : vagari et 
errare : to lead astray, a recta via dedu- 
cere (properly) : inducere aliquem in er- 
rorem (figuratively) : intentionally, pur- 
posely, scientem : transversum agere ali- 
quem (to lead him astray from the path of 
virtue). To be far astray (figuratively), 
in errore versari : errore captum esse. 

ASTRICT, astriugere (optposed to sol- 
vere). 

ASTRICTION, astrictio (Plin. : astrin- 
gent power) : constrictio (act of binding 
together: then, of the intestines by ?nedi- 
cines : late) ; contractio (general term, op- 
posed to remissio : porrectio). Astriction 
of the bowels, alvus astricta or reetricta. 

ASTRICTIVE. Vid. Astringent. 

ASTRIDE. [Vid. Astraddle.] Obs., 
varicare is to stand with the legs wide 
apart : divaricatis cruribus or pedibus is 
"with legs or feet wide apart." 

ASTRIFEROUS, astrifer (poetically 
an d post-Augustan). 

ASTRINGE, astringere (e. g., alvum : 
opposed to solvere : also of intense cold, 
&c.) : constringere (to tie tightly together). 

A3TRINGENCY, astrictio : astrictoria 
vis (astringent power : herba gustAs araari 
cum astrictione, Plin. : folia astrictoriimi 
vim habent, Plin.). 

ASTRINGENT, astrictorius (Plin., as- 
trictoria vis) : constrictivus (in late med- 
ical Tcriters). 

ASTROLOGER, astrologus : mathe- 
maticus : Chaldffius (as far as mathemati- 
cians and Chaldicans foretold events by 
the stars) : Chaldaicig rationibus eruditus. 

ASTROLOGICAL, by genitive, astrolo- 
gorum [astrologicus, Boeth.]. Sometimes 
Chaldaicus ; c. g., astrological calcula- 
tions, rationes Chaldaicaj. 

ASTROLOGIZE, mathematicae addic- 
turn esse (after Suet., Tib., 69) : Chaldai- I 
cis rationibus eruditum esse. I 

ASTROLOGY, astrologia (in classical | 
Latin the regular word for " a.itronomy ;" 
afterward =: " astrology") : ratio sideralis 
or scientia siderSlis (knowledge of the 
stars, especially if used to foretell events by 
it: the former objective ; the latter subject- 
ive) : rationes Chaldaicue (astrology, as 
an art practiced by the Ckaldaans, Cic.) : 
mathematica (e. g., in mathematicas ad- 
dictus, Suet.) : Chaldaicum prffidicendi 
genus (Cic.). 

ASTRONOMER, astrologus; coeli ac 
siderum peritus : astronomus (post-/lu- 
gustan). Vid. Astrologer. 

ASTRONOMICAL, aStronomicus : ad 
sideralem rationem specttms or pertinens. 

ASTRONOMY, astrologia, astronomia 
(the former the classical word: the loiter 
post- Augustan) : coeli dimetiendi ratio or 
studium (the measuring of the heavens : 
ratio the science, studium the practice of 
it) : lunaris ratio is observation of the 
moon, as a prognostic of the weather. 

ASTUTE. Vid. Cunning. 

ASUNDER, seorsura, but mostly by dis 
or se in composition ; c. g., to cut or cleave 
asunder, discidere (ferro) : discindero 
(al.10 with ictu) : difflndere : to be or re- 
main asunder, distare (inter se : to be at a 
certain distance apart) : separatum esse, 
disjunctum inter se esse : to saic asunder, 
sorra dissecare : to dwell asunder, scor- 
sum et non una habitare : to draw asun- 
der, diducere : distrahere (drag asunder 
by violence). 

ASYLUM, asylum (the strict sense, of a 
sacred place of refuge) : perfugium (ge?i- 
eral term, any place, thing, or person that 
offers security) : rel'ugium (a secret place 
of refuge, as Jar as possible removed from 
danger): receptus (a place to which one 
withdraws) : receptjiculum (a place which 
receives and protects one). To offer an 
asylum to any body, perfugium prtebere ; 
refutrium dare. To fly to an asylum, in 
asylum perfucerc. Vid. Refuge. 

ASYMMETRICAL, non or parum 



A T 

fequalis : inaequabilis : parum congriieiu 
7^0 be asymmetrical, * parum inter se con- 
sentire : * nuUos habere commensus pro- 
portionis. 

ASYMMETRY, IneequaHtas : davups- 
Tpia, ut Gra3C0 verbo utar. 

ASYMPTOTE, *linea qus circulum, 
&c., tangit, neque eecat : * linea, quaj 
circulum, &c., ita tangit, ut non secet. 

AT, II with names of towns, &c. : geni' 
live case of singtdar nouns of first or sec- 
ond declension : ablative of otlier nouns. 
At Rome, Romte : at Athens, Athenls : at 
Pessinus, Pessinunte. ^^^ If the action 
did not take place in, but only near the 
2)lace, the preposition ad or apud must be 
used. The battle fought at the Trebia, at 
Cannce, &c., pugna ad Trebiam, ad Can- 
nas (mostly with, but in Liv. also, without 
commissa, for which Liv. once only uses 
the genitive. Si Trasimeni quam Tre- 
biie, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni' 
pugna nobilior fuit). The mutiny which 
began at Sucro, seditio militum coepta 
apud Sucronem. " To be waiting at 
Rome for a triumph," is ad urbem esse 
(tlie general claiming the triumph not be- 
ing permitted to enter the city till his re- 
quest was granted or refused). To take 
any thing from , the temple of Diana at 
Ephesus, toUere aliquid Epheso (abla- 
tive, seldom Ephesi) ex fano Dianas. [Vid. 
Pract. Intr., ii., p. 271, caution /.] Cas- 
sius is at AntiocJi with his w)iole army, 
Cassius in oppido Antiochiie est cum 
omni exercitu (i. e., in Antloch, Cic.) : 
Cassius ad Antiochiam est cum omni ex- 
ercitu (i. e., before ornear Antioch). || "At," 
with " home," " house ;" genitive of domi. 
Is your brother at home ? domine est fra- 
ter ? at my house, domi mea? : but also 
in domo mea, and domi apud me. With 
"to dine," (coenare) apud with the accu- 
sative of the person, apud aUquem coenare. 
^^^^ At my, thy, another's, &c., house, is 
mostly meas, tuas, sute, nostrae, vesb'aj 
alienae domi : but when there is another 
adjective or a genitive of the possessor, the 
preposition is more common ; e. g., in 
(iomo Cajsaris, but also domi Caesaris. 
To stay at home, domi manere, remane- 
re : domi se tcnere or retii^ere. [Vid. 
H>ME, House.] || With other local re- 
lations : mostly by ad. To stand at the 
door, ad ostium astare : to be at the gates, 
esse ad portas : bia to halt, <fcc., at two 
miles' distance is, consistere, &o., a milli- 
bus passuum duobus. To learn any thii.g 
at school, in schol4 aliquid discere (Quint^. 
II Obs. The preposition " at" after a verb is 
often not expressed; e. g., to aim at any 
body, petere aliquem: to laugh at any 
thing, ridere aliquid : aliquid risu exci- 
pere (to receive it with a laugh). 

AT, with relations of time : ablative 
case : at that time, eo tempore. Of aii 
appointed time, ad : to assemble at the day 
fixed, ad diem convenire. At the right 
time, at the nick of time, tempore : ad tcm- 
pus (of an appointed time) : sue tempore 
(of cvcntsj &.C., happening at their prop- 
er time). \\At a party, dinner, &c., in 
convivio (Ter.) : inter coenam (of any 
thing hai>pening at dinner-time, Cic). 
II At once — AND (r=both — and) ; idem — 
idem (e. g., fuere qui iidem ornate, 
iidem versutc dicerent). 

AT, of an occasion, &c., sometimes 
ad. To raise his eyes at the name of 
Thisbe, ad Tliisbes nomen oculos erige- 
re (Oc). 

AT, with words of cost, price, &c. : 
ablative of the price ; e. g., to live at enor- 
mous expense, profusis sumtibus vivere : 
to be provided at a small charge, parvo cu- 
rata esse. But rgc= (l) tantf, quanti, with 
their compounds, pluris, minoris, are al- 
ways in the genitive. (2) With verbs of 
valuing, magni, parvi, maximi, minimi, 
plurimi, also stand in the genitive: but 
magno, permagno, parvo, are also found 
with wstimare. (:i) With verbs of price, 
magno, permagno, minimo, parvo, pluri- 
mo, nimio, vili, always in the ablative. (4) 
Mulfi, majoris, are not used, but magni, 
pluris (majoris once in Phadr.). 

1./^^ For such forms as " at Ica^t," " at 
most," "at hand," "at once," &c., vjj. 
Least, Most, Hand, Once, &c. 



ATT A 

ATHEISM, eornm impietas, qai Denm 
esse nesant. 

ATHEIST, adieus (Cu^ aBaX) : qui 
■nQam ^»e onmino Deum putat ; qui 
Deom (or deos) esse Degat : homo tmiuos 
{reueral term). 

ATHEISTICAL, Jj^ • 

ATHEOUS, ^nnpina. 

ATHIRST, aticDs : siticulosiis : Jignra- 
tipAf, alicujns rei andoA ; appetens. 
[Vid. Thirstt.] To be atkint, ntirk. 

ATHLETIC, Talens : ralidus : lacerto- 
■os : corpore vigens : corpore ralidus : 
earpore robusto. in. robostua et vaJens. 
Sra. i» Stbon'g. 

ATHWART, in transrersum : trans- 
Terae : ex transverso. H Across, pr^o- 
Mttion. Vio. 

ATLAS, \^g^eograpkieal atlas, *tab- 
vlamin geographicamm Totmnen. or tab- 
olas gcographictB. HA kind of silk, *se- 
ricusTpannos densos et coUnstratus. 

ATMOSPHERE, agr (fke denser air of 
tke louer regions of tke atmosphere: op- 
posed to nSOaer, tke tipper, pwrtr air) : ccb- 
hiin (tke keaeens; tie iduie atrntu^kere; 
also temparaiHre, climate). A pare atmos- 
phere, aer paruj : healtAt/, coetum salobne 
or bonum ; aer salubris. 

ATMOSPHERICAL, by tke genitive, 
■eiis or coeli. 

ATOM, atomus, i,/. (4 aronoi) : corpus 
individnam (Ctc) : corpus indiTidunm et 
sDUdum (C&.) : corpus insecabile (Fttr^ 
Qaiat.). || Used kfperbolicalb/ for a very 
small portion : not an atom, ne nunimum 
quidem ; ne f>^H^^'i"' quidenx. 

ATONE, jl agree, Vm. H ^toiie (=er- 
piate, &c.) any tking or for any tking, aU- 
quid hiere, expiare, poenas aticujus rei 
dare, pendere, dependere, espendere, sol- 
Tere : by deatk, witk kis life, luere morte, 
capile. Sowutinus compensare atiquid 
cum aUqnd re or aUqua re (to make a 
compensation or gice an equiralent for it). 
I Reconcile, placare : expiare : micigare 
•r lenire [Stn. in Appease] : animum 
■licujus in aliquem o:fen$iorem recoUi- 
gere : plar^are atiquem alicoi or in ali- 
quem : aliquem cum aiiquo reconciliare, 
or reducere, or rsstituere in gratiam : aK- 
cajaa animum alicui reconciliare. To 
atone enemies, inimicos in gratiam recon- 
ciliare ; componere gratiam inter inimi- 
308 {Com.). 

ATONEMENT, satisfkctio (satisfaction 
for an injury : e. g-, for kiUing a person) : 
poena (genaral term for puniakment) : pi- 
acnlum (m religious nutters) : placamen- 
tnm (tkat by nMck atonement is made). 
A saarilice of atonement, * mora quA nu- 
men placatur or expiatur. To require 
atonement from any bodtf, piaculum ab 
aiiquo exigere. To make atonement for 
mny tking, aUquid e^iare, lucre. [Vki. 
Atoke.] ^Reconciliation, Sec., pla- 
catio (act of appeasing) : recoociliatio 
ctncordis or gratiffi (jrconcUiation) : re- 
ditos in gratiam. To make atonement be- 
tmeen person.^, aliquem alicui or in ali- 
quem placare : aliquem cum aiiquo rec- 
(mdliare : aliquem or alicujus animum al- 
icui recondliare. 

ATOP, by adjective summus in agree- 
ment : " atop of ithicJt,^ in quo summo. 

ATRABILARIAN, melancholia. 

ATRABILIOUS, melancholicns. 

ATROCIOUS, dirus {ercitin^ horror: 
 property of things ; e. g., exsecratio) : 
atrox (exciting ftar ; e. s~. facinus) : foe- 
dus (foul) : abo»tninandus : detestandus : 
detestabOis (detestable) : nefandos : nefa- 
riu3 (tke former of actions: tke laOer of 
men, tkebr tkougkts and actions) : imma- 
nis (skoiUng : of actions) : teter (kideo)is. 
skoding; abominable in characUr and 
conduct). An atrocious viilain. homo 
omni parte detestabilis : homo impurus : 
monstrum hominis. 

ATROCIOUSLY, atrociter: immani- 
ter : faede : tetre. 

ATROCIOUSXESS,)atrocitas: foedi- 

ATROCITY, I tas: immani- 

tas. IM n atracit |r, atrox facinus, &c 

ATROPHY, tabes (general term) : atro- 
plna, m Cels. in Greek ekaraeters ; after- 
ward in Latin. 

ATT.4CH, il 6in<i to one's self aa- 
qnem sibi adjungere : »iiq»vnri sibi ds- 



ATT A 

Tindre : by any tking, aHqui re : by pres- 
ents, donis sibi otetringere aliquem ; 
praemiis sibi derincire aliquem. Some- 
times capere (to captivate: of female benu- 
ty) ; tenere : detinere : aliquem ad se tra- 
here, attrahere or perducere ; aliquem in 
soas partes dncere or trabere; aliquem 
snum facere (to bring over to amis party 
or side) : aliquem sibi fitcere or i«ddere 
amicum: alicujus amicitiam aibiparBre, 
comparare, conciliare ; animnm alicujns 
sibi conciliare et ad usus suos adjongere 
(to gain any bodtfs friendskip). t Ar- 
rest, comprehendere (general term) : in 
custodiam dare : in Tincula conjicere 
(tkrow into prison). To attack great ta»- 
portance to tke dreumstance, tkat, Stjc, 
plurimi feciendnm existimare, quod, &c. 
II Seize, Vid. 

ATT.\CHMEST, amor : voluntas : ca- 
ritas : studium : benevolentia (Stx. ta 
Affection] : toward any body, amor in, 
ei^a. adversus aliquem : benevolentia, 
voluntas in or erga aliquem. From at- 
t a e kw unt , propter amorem or benevcdeD- 
tiam. [Afore mder Affectiox.] || Ar- 
rest, comprehen»o (e. g., sontium): pre- 
hensio. 

ATTACK, F, adoriri, aggredi aliquem: 
impetnm facere, or invadere in aliquem : 
incurrere or incursare in aliquem: op- 
pugnare or impugnare (urbem. Sec. ; also 
aliquem) : also signa inferre in hostem ; 
signis infestis infel-ri in hostem : witk tke 
sword, ferro petere or lacessere aliquem : 
tn tke rear, a tergo hostes adoriri ; bosti- 
um terga impugnare : in front, in adver- 
aos ho^Ss impetum facere : tn Jlank, in 
latos hoetiam incurrere: tn two bodies, 
agna tHpartito inferre : to be attacked be- 
fore attd bdkind, ancipiti acie opprimi 
(CurL). II To attack witk words: dic- 
xo or convicio incessere, lacessere, insec- 
tari, consectari, adoriri aliquem (general 
term): (acerbius) invehi in aliquem (tn- 
teigk against) : pelere aUqnem : pngnare 
contra aliquid : in^nignaie aliquid : in 
controversiain vocare aiiqaid (combat a 
proposition). To attadi a man's opinion, 
impugnare aHcujus sententiam : a man's 
reputation, glory. Sec, de fama or gloriA 
alicujus detraberei dignitatem alicujus 
impugnare ; alicujns existimationem op- 
pugnare ; incurrere in alicujus famam : 
to attack openly, apeite p^ere aliquid : se- 
cretly, covatbf, occulte cuniculis oppug- 
nare aliquid (CSt, Agr., L 1, iniL). \\ To 
be attacked by a disease: tentari 
morbo (of a light attack) : corripi morbo 
(of a severe attack) : to attack tke eyes, aci- 
em ocnlorum obtnndere. 

ATTACK, »., petitio (act of aiming at) : 
impetus : incurao : incursus (general 
term, tke last two mostly of violent attacks) : 
excursio (of light troops) : concursus : 
congressns (<Ae ntutual attack of two par- 
ties) : impugnatio : oppngnatio (especially 
assault of a town). An unprtmoked attack, 
bellum ultro illatumi frequent attacks 
of caealry, proceDa equestris (itr.). At, 
or on, tke Jrst attack, primo impetu : pri- 
me congressu : to order an attack of car- 
airy, immittere equites in hostem : to gice 
or sound tke signal for attack, bellicum 
canere : to defeat an attack, impetum 
frangere, reprimere, propulsare : to stand 
against an attack, impetum excif)ere, 
feme, or sustinere : to deck an attack, im- 
petnm tardare or retardare : to be ready. 
Sec, for making an attack, infesQs sigms 
consistere, Jn a wider sense, "to make an 
attack on any body's property," inrolare in 
pckssessiones alicujus: on a females irir- 
tue, pueDs pudicitlam asrgredi or atten- 
tare ; puellain tentare ; puellam de stu- 
pro appellare: feminam in stuprum ilU- 
cere. 

ATTAIN TO, parare : comparare : ac- 
quirere : coUigere : naocisci : adipisci : 
consequi: asseqai: obtinere. [More un- 
der AcQuisK.] II IZeaci, equal: conae- 
qui : assequi (to eqnal any body in a prop- 
erty : assequi mostly of attaining to Ike 
property itself) : adiquare, exiequare (to 
attain to a property in an egual degree). 
Is. exasquare et assequi: square (to 
equal any body in a property : less com- 
monly, to attain to a property in an equal 
degree). To be far frxim kaving attained 



ATTE 

tm OS eqtuaUty witk any body, mnltum 
abease ab aKqno : to attain to any thing, 
arto an equality witk any body, by imita- 
tion, aliquem or aliquid imilari : ^qnem 
imitando consequi ^Arrice at. To 
attain to extreme old age, ad summam se- 
nectutem perrenire : ~ike same degree* oj 
honor as anoUter, eos honorum eradus. 
quos alius, assequi : an object, ad i^ quod 
Tolumus (cupimus), venire or pervenire ; 
eo, quo aliquis vult, pervenire: eo, quo 
aliquis intendit, ferri ac deduct 'To at- 
tain a wisk ; tke object of Bjr desires, Su^ 
optatnm impetrare (^ entreo^) ; voti 
compotem or participem fieri ; voti dam- 
nari ; voto potiri (t). 

ATTAINABLE, quod adipisci qneas: 
quod obtineri potest: impeb^il^ (at- 
tatnaNe by entreaties). 

ATTAINDER, damnatio: condemnatio 
(pott-Angiulan). To reverse any botUfs 
a ttaind er, reaacrare aliquem (Acp. ; i- e., 
to retract tke formal ezecration pubtidf 
pronounced against a state erimtnafy. 
II Stain : labes : macula. 

ATT.\IX.MENT, compaiatio : adeptio 
[Srx. t a Ac<icisiTiox] : of popularity or 
faror, conciliatio gratiiB. | .<f ttaiM- 
atentt: doctrina: emdilio: Btene. A 
person of great attainments, multanun 
remm cogniticne imbutus; emditissi-' 
mus ; optimia artibus eruditns ; bomo in 
quo mults sunt Uterae : of great and vm- 
rious eatainments, in quo est copia et v^ 
rietas studiorum. 

ATTAINT, damnaiB : condemnare^ 
[Vid. CoxoEjts.] 11 Corrupt. Vid. 
Tautt. 

ATTEMPER, temperare : moderari : 
modnm or moderationem adhibere ali- 
cui rei or in aliqui re : continere : coer- 
cene (to restrain it properly) : lenire : mit- 
igare : molbre (soften ; make less kardt). 
[Stn. tn TKXPKa.] H Fit to any tking : 
accommodare aUqnid alicui rei or ad 
rem: &cere or efficere, ut aUquid cou- 
gmat or conveniat cum re. 

ATTEMPERATE. Vid. Attexpkb. 

ATTEStPT, v., tentare: experiri: c«>- 
nari : periclitari (aliquem or aliquid ; e. 
e., penditari Romanos, Nep.) : penculum 
iacere alicnjas or alicujns rei : moliri (to 
endeavor to efeet a great and d^^cmlt 
work): audere (to attempt a great and 
dangerouswork). [Vid-TaT.] \\Attempt 
atty body's mind: soUicitare aliquem or 
abcnjns ammam ; e. g., pretio : pecuniil : 
pelUcere aHqnem. 

ATTEMPT, »., conatus, is, m. in plural, 
also ctmata (attempt, as tie banning of 
a» undertaking) : peiicnfaim (trial by 
wkiek, wiA dmgerto on€s se{^ one ar- 
rives at experience: periclitatio, OS action): 
experimentom (trial, contrived for tie 
purpose of learning tke nature of mny 
tking). An unlucky or unsucees^al at- 
tempt, res infislicis opene ; res infrtifHer 
teotala: a vain atteatpt, conatos frnstn 
c^Mos : to make an attempt, pericahim 
were; conatum incipere ttr &oere Qnci- 
pere jrf" beginning to make it; iacere of 
aetaaUy carrying it tkrougk, Cic, QO-, % 
12, 27): against any body or any tking, 
contra aliquem or aliquid. To make am 
attempt upon any tking, tentare aiiqaid 
(e. g,, on a camp castra). 

ATTEMPTER, tentator (xapaarnS : 
Bar., one who attempts to seduce a fe- 
male). 

ATTEND, i|;>ay attention to: at- 
tendere aliquem or aliquid (not ad ali- 
quem, ad aliquid : itit attendere aniinnm 
or animos ad aliquid is eorrett, Krtbs) : 
animum attendere, animmn advertere ad 
aliquid : curare aliquid (core about it ; 
look aflrr it) : eervare : observare (ob- 
serve) : alicujns rei ratjonem habere, dn- 
cere (regard it ; take it into account) : to 
attend to tke kousAoU efairs, negotia do- 
mestica curare : domds officia exsequi 
(of tke mistress ofafamHy) : res domesti- 
cas dispensare (cf tke steward. Sec) : to 
attend to one's studies, colere stadia : de- 
aervire stndiis. Sot to attend to, nedi- 
gere aUquem or aliquid. Int&axs., U pay 
attention, animum attendere. inlendere, 
advertere : aoimo adesae (general term) : 
anres erigere animumque attendere, or 
eriei only, or se erigere (of autlitorsX 
43 



ATTE 

tUendi adestote aiiimis, erigitfi mentes 
aaresque vestras, et me dicentem atten- 
dite ! ICic). [Vid. Attention.] \\ Ac- 
company (as atlendants), or he C0 7isc- 
giieiit to (as a following train), comitari 
aliquem or aliquid : comitem alicujus 
esse : comitem se alicui dare, adjungere : 
prosequi aliquem or aliquid : deducere 
aliquem (i. e., attend a Roman senator) 
[SYN. in Accompany]: sequi (to follow): 
lainulari (to attend as servant) : apparere 
(to be in attendance on a royal personage, 
or one in high offi,ce, as scribe, lictor, (fee.). 
To be attended by a crowd, stipari (e. g., 
non usitatd frequentia). || To attend a 
sick person: asgrotuni curare: assidu- 
ously, &c., a)gi-oto assidere. || Wait for : 
opperiri (aliquem or aliquid) : priestolari 
alicui or (but not in Cic.) aliquem : ma- 
nere aliquem : exspectare aliquem or ali- 
quid. [Syn. »i Wait for.] \\Await: 
manere alicui or aliquem : imminere 
(hang over him). \\ Attend to a busi- 
ness : dare operam alicui rei (one's busi- 
ness, duty, &.(:.) : munere suo fungi : mu- 
neris sui officiis satislacere : exsequi mu- 
nu9 officii : colere, obire munus. || Be 
present at ; to attend public, worship, sa- 
cris iidesse. || Visit any body, convtmire 
aliquem. 

ATTENDANCE, ministerium (as do- 
mestic, scribe, &c. : ministratio i7i Vitr. 
only) : salutatio : officium (attendance on 
a superior to pay him respect). Daily at- 
lendatice, assiduitas quotidiana (carrying 
with it the notion of zeal, &c.). To dance 
attendance on any body, assiduitatem ali- 
cui pri«bere : in any body's ante-chamber, 
in vestibulo iedium opperiri salutationem 
(GelL, A, 1, inil.). || Body of attend- 
ants: ministerium, or plural ministeria 
(Silver Age) : famuli : ministri (servants) : 
comitatus : asscctatio (attending body or 
train : the latter, train of clients, Slc, fol- 
lowing to show respect) : stipatio (dense 
crowd accompanying any bodyz=. "suite," 
"train"). \\ Atteiition, \'id. \\Attend- 
ance on a sick person: ciiratio, cura, 
are the nearest words : mostly by circumlo- 
cution. 

ATTENDANT, comes (companion : 
general term) : assecla : assectator (a 
servant, client, friend, &c., accompmiy- 
ing a person to do honor to Idm) : deduc- 
tor (one who attends another to his hou.se 
to do him honor) : famulus (domestic serv- 
ant) : mini.ster (servant or assi.9tant for 
the performance of any offi.ce; e. g., the 
servants who wait at tabic). Vid. "body 
of atlendants," under Attendance. 
II To be an attendant at any thing, adesse 
alicui vci (of 7nere presence) : interesse ali- 
cui rei (if present to take a share in man- 
aging it) : to be an attendant at church, 
sacria ndesse. 

ATTENT. Vid. Attentive, 

ATTENTION, attcntio animi (Cic, De 
Or., 2, 35, 150) : more commonly intentio 
(hotli, the steady direction of the thoughts 
toward an object) : audientia (attention to 
a speaker ; for which also intentio is used) : 
diligcntia (careful attention to a task, &.C.: 
opposed to indiligentia) ; studium : offi- 
cium : officium et cultus (obliging atten- 
tion to a person). Attention to any tiling, 
ob.=ervatio alicujus rei (act of observing 
it) : to one's self, animadvorsio (Cic, De 
Qf , 1, 2;t, 10:J). To procure attention to 
one's self (of a speaker), .^ibi or orationi 
sua) audicntiam facere : the attention of 
an audience, auditorcs sibi facere ntten- 
tos: to keep or rivet any body's attention, 
aures alicujus tenero. To direct one's at- 
tention to any thing; to pay attention to 
any thing, animum attendere, advertere 
ad aliciuid; animum intendere, animum 
defiscre et intendere in (seldom ad) ali- 
quid ; tencre animum attentum, referro 
animum ad aliquid ; coijitationem inten- 
dere ad rem ; operam dare alicui rei 
(e. a., to a play, fabiila^). To l>e parting 
great attention, to any thing, acritcr ani- 
mum intendere ad aliquid. To call any 
body's attention to somethinsr (that fie miirht 
otherwise forget or omit), manure aliquem 
leirh ut. To aiJl or draw any body's atten- 
tion to one's siUf. convertere aliquem or 
alicujus animum in or ad se : to attract at- 
tention, conspici (absolute) : conspicuum 
46 



ATT O 

esse : by any tiling, aliqud re (of things 
and persons that strike one by t/teir unus- 
ual appearance). To draw people's atten- 
tio7i to aJiy body, aliquem conspicuum fa- 
cere. Any thing occupies the atteiition of 
men, aliquid occupat cogitationes homi- 
num. To pay attention to a person, ob- 
eervare aliquem : colere et observare al- 
iquem (Cic.) : officium et cultum alicui 
tribuere : adesse animo : erigere mentem 
auresque (to prick up one's ears and at- 
tend to a speaker) : marked attention, ali- 
quem prffiter ceteros or perofficiose ob- 
servare : diligenter observare et colere al- 
iquem : signiticare studium erga aliquem 
non mediocre : marked and affectionate at- 
tention, perofficiose et peramanter ob- 
servare aliquem (Cic). \\ " With atten- 
tion." Vid. Attentively. 

ATTENTIVE, attentus : intentus (with 
Hie mind on the stretch) : erectiis (mental- 
ly excited). Very attentive, perattentus. 
To be very attentive: vid. "to pay, Slc, 
attention," under Attention: to make 
any body attentive, aliquem attentum fa- 
cere : excitare animos, ut attendant. More 
under Attention. 

ATTENTIVELY, attente : intente: very 
attentively, perattente. To look at attent- 
ively, acrius contueri, or only contueri, 
conspicere (Bremi ad Nep., Chabr., I, 2) : 
acri animo et intento intueri : very attent- 
ively, acerrime contemplari. I'o listen 
attentively, diligenter attendere, attente, or 
attento animo, or sociulo audire aliquem : 
pr;ebere se alicui attentum auditorem ; 
adesse animo (animis) ; erigere mentem 
(mentes) auresque, et aliquem Siccutem 
attendere (of listening to an orator) : any 
thing, attente audire aliquid. He is not 
listening attentively, atires ejus peregri- 
nantur : to follow any thing attentively, 
animo sequi aliquid. 

ATTENTIVENESS. Vid. Attention. 

ATTENUATE, attenuare : extenuare 
(to make thinner, literally ; then, figura- 
tively, to lessen, with respect to time or 
strength) : diluere (to dilute; e. g., vinum, 
potionem). 

ATTENUATE, attenuatus : extcnuatus 
(e. g., aer extenuatus). 

ATTENUATION, extenuatio. 

ATTE.ST, II bear evidence to: testari 
(general tertn) : attestari : testificari : tes- 
timonio confirmare (confirtn by one's evi- 
dence) : testimonio esse : testem esse (to 
be a witness: the former ofthin.?s, the lat- 
ter of persons): affirmaro (to affirm posi- 
tively): clamare (to cry out). || Call to 
witness: testari aliquem, testem facere 
aliquem : God, Deum testari or Deum in- 
vocare testem : gods and men, decs liom- 
inesque testari, or contestari : antestari 
aliquem (in legal matters, before the in- 
troduction of a cause into court. The 
question put was, licet antestari ? If the 
party consented, the prrson appealing to 
him touched the tip of his ear. In non- 
judicial matters it occurs only in Cic, pro 
Milone, 25, 68). 

ATTEST, .«., \ testimonium : to 

ATT'ESTATION, ) give attestation. 
testimonium dare (both of persons and 
things) : to bring forward attestation, tes- 
timonium perhiberc (of persons) : testi- 
monium alicujus rei profcrre : testimo- 
nium alicujus rei afterre. To be or .«rr?Y 
for an attestation, alicujus rei esse testi- 
monium. Vid. Witness. 

ATTIRE, v., vestire : convestire : veste 
tegere : veste induore aliquem : veste 
amiciro aliquem. To be attired, vestiri, 
amiciri aliqud re. Vid. Arrav, Dress. 

ATTIRE, «., veetis : vestims : cultus : 
vestis ornatus. Jn. vcstltus atque oruatus. 
Vid. Dress. 

ATTITUDE, status (manner in which 
any thing stands : hence, also, po.'^ition of a 
combatant) : habitus : corporis habitus (at- 
titude). To throw himself into an atti- 
tude of surpnse, ftmr, fat/erJf, &c. (of an 
orator), in habinim admirationis, metils, 
adulationis se fingere (Quint.): an un- 
seemly attitude, status indecorus. An erect 
attitude, status crectus or celsus. To have 
a statue made in that attitude, illo statu 
statuam fieri voluiL 

ATTORNEY, causidTcus (in a depre- 
ciating sense) : advocatus (Jegal assistant 



ATTU 

Or adviser, who made himself tiseful to a 
party ^ in an action by his presence and ad- 
vice in court) : cognitor (in civil causes, 
tlie agent of a party present) : procurator 
(agent of one not present) : leguieiua : 
formularius (a narrow-minded lawyer, who 
attended only to the letter of the law, not to 
its spirit: hcmay, however, be cautio us and 
acute, Cic). A noisy attorney, rabula de 
foro. 

ATTORNEYSHIP, opera forensis: cau- 
sidicatio (general tirm: the latter ap. Fron., 
Ep. ad Merc Anton.) : advocatio : pro- 
curatio. Syn. in Attorney. 

ATTRACT, PROPR., attrahere: ad or 
in ee trahere : ad se allicere et trahere. 
The magnet attracts iron, magnes lapis at- 
trahit, or ad se allicit et trahit ferrum : to 
attract moisture, humorem trahere or re- 
cipere. || Impropr., ad se trahere or at 
trahere : allicere : ad se allicere or illi- 
cere (allure:). To attract hearers by nov- 
elty, audientium animos novitate tenere: 
to attract by arts of allurement, illecebris 
ad se trahere : to attract netc or fresh pu- 
pils, discipulos novos attrahere (Ov.). 

ATTRACTION, Wpower of attracu 
ing: attrahendi, qua^ dicitur, vis (proper- 
ly) : * vis ad se ilUciendi or attrahendi 
(figuratively). Novelty is the only attrac- 
tion of that book, libro isto sola novdtaa 
lenocinatur. Any thing has lost the at- 
traction of novelty, res novitatis gratiam 
exuit. \\An attraction: aliquid ad se 
attrahit or illicit : aliquid nos capit, de- 
lectat, delectatione allicit. 

ATTRACTIVE. An attractive person, 
homo lilandus : *cui magna ad se illicien- 
di et attrahendi vis inest : an altractivt 
writer, lectorem tenens Bcriptor : an. at- 
tractive style, speciosum dicendi genua : 
fables are very attractive, fabul» liabent 
multum delectationis. 

ATTRIBUTABLE, circumlocution— 
sometimes by referendus (that may he re- 
ferred). 

ATTRIBUTE, u, ascribere alicni all- 
quid (ascribe any thing, whether good err 
bad, to any body as its author, inventor, or 
cause) : assignare alicui aliquid (refer any 
thing to any body as the person from wliom 
it proceeds ; to impute it in blame, or giv» 
the merit of it) : addicere alicui aliquid (to 
declare any body the author of a composi- 
tion, GelL, 3, 3) : tribuere or attaibuere 
alicui aliquid (to attribute any thing to 
any body as its cause, whether guilty cause 
or not). To attribute the invention of any 
thing to any body, aliquid alicui inventori 
ascribere : the blame to any body, alicui 
culpam tribuere or attribuere ; culpam in 
aliquem conferre (throw it on h im) : cul- 
jjam in aliquem vertere or transferre 
(from one's self) : to attribute any thing 
to fear, aliquid timori assignare : ill sue 
cess to any body, jdicui casum adversum 
tribuere ; alicui incommodum ascribere: 
any thing to one's self alone, aliquid sibi 
soli ascribere : you hare attributed this to 
me, hiP.c. tibi a me eveniunt 

ATTRIBUTE, s., proprietas : proprium 
(the peculiar nature of any thing) : natura 
(nature): ratio: vis (the effiracy it pos- 
sesses ; it.s constitution) : qualitas (peculiar 
constitution : coined by Cic. as a transla- 
tion of r.ciorrji)- '^^^ divine attributes, dei 
(or deoruin') natura. 

ATTKITE, attritus. 

ATTRITION, attriUis, us (post-August- 
an, Plin., Sen.) : attritio (Lampr., Mare. 
Capell., perhaps only in two passages, 
Frennd): frirutio (act of ruhhins' off ; also 
of polishing by attrition) : fricatura (man- 
ner of rubbing off any thing) : dctrimen- 
tum in ihi.'^ (its jrropcr) meaning only in 
Appul., Met., 6. In the Roman Catholic 
sense (as less than contrition), * cordis 
attrit'O, quie dicitur; or * attritio, quam 
Pontificii vocant. 

ATTUNE, \\malce harmonio7ts: con- 
centum efficerealiquarumrerum. \\Tuve 
one thing to another :* cfRcerc nt al- 
iquid cura aliqud re concinat; *efficcrc 
ut res concentum scrvcnt: to attune one 
harp to another or others, fidem ita con- 
tendere nervis (Orell. reads numeri.s) ut 
concentum serrare possit: to attune his 
voire to his lyre, * concentum vocis Jyrae- 
que (Ov.) efficerBk 



AUDI 

ATVVIXT. 5 ^'"- «ETWEE>. 

AUBURN, flaTus : flavens (of hair, &c^ 
tompostd ofgTten,red, aHdwkiU,Gtorgegy. 
•oreus {golden) [Stn". under YkixowJ : 
•colore imceo {nvt-brovn). 

AUCTION, auctio (general term) : anc- 
tio bastw; hasta publica: hasta censoria 
(auctioH bf public authorittf, aspearieing 
Joed in tke ground : the first ttco of (W»- 
fuetted property. Ou last of taxes and other 
mnt r ee a of reren ue) : sectio (^division by 
ametum of booty, confiscated property, &c. : 
luMce aectoresj persons siio bought goods 
mt rueh sales to get a profit by reselling 
tkem). To hold an auction, auctionari: 
anctionein facere or constitnere : an auc- 
tion of public property, hasta posita anc- 
tioiiari : to proclaim or advertise an auc- 
tion, auctionem praedicare {by the herald) : 
■actioneni proacribere or proponere (fty 
» notice). They are announcing an auc- 
tion, conclamatar auctionem fore : to sell 
by auction, auctione constitute vendere 
a&qnid : anctionem facere et vendere aB- 
quid : ha5td posita rendere aliquid (of 
tales of public pr'rpcrtu) : to be sold by auc- 
tion, ka^ posita ven'di or venire (of pub- 
lie property): to buy at an auction, in auc- 
tione ^nere : to put off an auction, auc- 
tjonem proferre : never to attend auctions 
of public property, numquam ad hastam 
publicam accedere : a constant attendant 
at auctions (who goes about to markets to 
sell his purchases), circulator auctionom 
(ac Ep., 10, 32, 3^. 

ADCTION->L\RT, atrium auctionari- 
nm (Cie., Atrr., 1, 8, 7 : Inscr.. Orell., 3883). 

AUCTIONART, auctionarius. 

AUCTIONEER, 'curator auctionnm 
(fhe manager of an auction) : prseco (the 
herald vho cries out tchat is bid, &.C.). 

ALTDACIOUS, audax (always in bad 
sense) : sumnue aadacis : singulari auda- 
ci4: confidens. 

AUDACIOUSLY, audacter. Jn. audac- 
ter Ubereque : impu.Jenter : conndenter. 
. AUDACIOUSNESS, ) audacia: confi- 

AUDACITY, 5 dentia: temer- 

itas (raskness). To hare the audacity to 
ao any thin^, audere vith infinitire: su- 
mere hoc sibi, ut, ice (of presumptuous 
mudadty). 

AUDIBLE, quod audiri or aTirinus per- 
cipi potest. To be audible, audiri posee. 
IFith an audible voice, clare : clara voce. 

AUDIBLY, clare : clara voce. 

AUDIENCE, Wadmission to a sov- 
ereign, &c. : admissio (rith reference to 
him urho grants it: Poit-Augustan, but 
classical) : aiiitus (with reference to him 
vho obtains it) : colloquium (the conversa- 
tion during the audience). To grant any 
body at audience, sdmissionem or aditum 
alicui dare: ad colloquinm aliquem ad- 
mittere : aliquem admittere or audire : 
alicni senatum dare (of the senate): to 
give any body a private audience, aUqnem 
in ^ecretum recipere : to obtain an audi- 
ence, aimi:ti ; audiri : datur aUcoi aditus 
convenientU : to be r^fii.^ed an audience, 
ad coUoquiom non ailmitti : * aditu pro- 
hiberi: to beg, demand, ice, an audience, 
petere aditum conveniemii : aiiitum ad 
aliquem postuZarc : to bes a prirafe audi- 
ence, secretum petere ah aliquo (in the 
time of tke empire). \\ Hall of audience, 
salutatoriam cubiculum (after Piin., 15, 
10, 11) : atrium (the atrium in a Roman 
hous(, where great men received their vis- 
itors). " .4uditory: auditores: qui au- 
diunt (general term): coram quibus dici- 
mas (those in whose presence an orator 
speaks) : corona (the crowd about a speak- 
er, esvecially in a court of justice). A 
numerous audience, frequentia eorum, qui 
nosaudiunt- Befjrt a numerous audience. 
frequentibus auditoribua : in majnd (or 
maxima) audientiimi celebritate~or fre- 
quentia. 

AUDIT, r. To audit any bod^s ac- 
counts, alicujus rationes coCTOscere, In- 
spicere (to examine them), excutere, dis- 
puDgere (to examine them with searching 
accurn.vA. 

AUDIT, ST., inspectio rationum (as act) : 
* dies rationum inspiciendarum (audit- 
day) : * dips rarionis reddendo (with ref- 
erence to him who has to give account). 



AU8T 

AUDITOR, qui alicujiu rationes in- 
ejHcit. 

ALT)ITORY, auditores: andientes: qui 
audiunt : coram quibus dicimns : corona : 
Before a numerous auditory, (in) magnd 
or Eummd audientium celebritate or fre- 
quentia : multis audientibua. SrN. in Au- 
dience. 

AUGMENT, augere : adangere. Jw. 
ampliticare et augere : any thing with otiy 
thing, aueere or adangere aUqoid aliqai 
re : addere aliquid alicui rei <n- ad ahquid 
(add or append any thing to any thing) : 
amplificaie (to make longer in compass) : 
multipUcare (tomake n umerically greater^. 
!| l^TKA'SS.imeeii(af persons andthings): 
crescere (of things). 

AUGMENTATION, amplificatio (in- 
crease of extent, as action ; e. g., gloriae, 
rei faniliaris) : propagatio or prolatio 
finium (augmentation of territory): ac- 
cessio (the addition made ; e. s., allium ; 
dignitatis) : incrementum (increa-ic, as 
thing : urfois ; rei familiaris : dignitatis). 
Also by circumlocution with augere, adan- 
gere, &c. By the augmentation of usury, 
multiplicandis nsoris. 

AUGLTi, 5., augur. [Vid. Peophet.] 
Augur's-staff. Htuns. 

AUGLTl, v., TBAXS., prsdicere : pr»- 
nunciare {general term) : vaticinari {to 
prophesy any thing) : canere (to prophesiy 
in verse or rhythm) : angnrari (toforttell by 
the flight of birds, Sec.; then generally). 
To augur (^= anticipate) any thing, aliquid 
augurari ; aliquid opinione, or conjecturd 
(Cfic.), or mente (Curt.) ansurari To 
augur aAy bodfs fate, prasdieere, quid 
aUcui evenfarum at: his d<ath, alicui 
mortem augurari. Ixtrans., futura prs- 
dicere: prsnimciare : vaticinari (to ^>ropi- 
esy ; be a vates). 

AUGURY, angnratio (Jby flight of birds) : 
prsedictio {forettUing, generally) : vati- 
cinatio : divinatio (prophecy). [Srs. in 
PaoPHEST.] H -^ thing: praedictum: 
vaticinium : augtirium (Mng foretold by 
augury ; also, the science of an augury, 
"sed non augurio potuit depellere pes- 
tem"). 

AUGUST, adj., augustus (sublime and 
sacred ; especially of divine things) : situs : 
elatus : celsus : excelsus ( high : properly 
and fi^uraiiveiy. Srs. in High). 

AUGUST, «., Augustus : mentis .Au- 
gustus : (in the time of the republic) Sex- 
tilis : mensis Sextilis. fFith Nonae. Kal- 
endee, &c., it is used as adjective. Kalen- 
ds Augusts. 

AUNT, amita (father's sister): mater- 
tera {mother's sister). || Great aunt, 
&C., amita magna (grandfather's sister) : 
amita major : proamita (sister of great- 
grandfather) : amita maxima (great great- 
grandfathers sister). ^^ All these on 
father's side : matertera magna ( grand- 
mother's sister) : matertera major : pro- 
matertera (great -grandmother's sister) : 
matertera maviTna ( great-great -grand- 
mother's sister). ^^~All these j'rom Gai- 
us. Dig., 38, 10, 1, and Path., Dig., 33, 10, 
10). 

.\URICLE, auricula. ^Auricle of 
the heart, * auricula cordis (medical 
technical term). 

AURICUL.i. * primula auricula. 

ALTIICUL.^R. in aurem dictus : in 
aurem or aurea insusurratus. A uricular 
confession, * peccata sacerdoti in aurem 
dicta. 

ALTUST, medicus auricularius (Ulp. 
Dig-)- 

AUSPICE, auspicium. Under your au- 
spices, tuis auspiciis : under any body's 
auspices, alicujus auspicio or auspiciis 
(especially of successes gained by a general 
in subordinate command, who ices said to 
have gained them under the auspices of the 
In^erator). In other senses, ab aliquo ad- 
jutus : aliquo adjuvaute or adjutore : ali- 
cujus praesidio fretos. 

AUSPICIOUS, prosper : secundus : 
feustus : dexter [Syx. in Happv] : auspi- 
catus, participle (e. g., in auspicatis rei- 
publicae ominibxis. Veil.). 

AUSPICIOUSLY, prospere : fauste (an- 
spicato, Plaut., Ter.). 

AUSTERE, austerus (a i'<m7/)o?: making 
the tongue dry and rough ; harsh). Some- 



AUTH 

what austere, sahsasteras. iCfchatme' 
ter : austerus (opposed to jocondns or 
mids: one who is an enany to jocuiaivy 
and frivolity, always seeking what is seri- 
ous and real, at the risk of passing ft/r 
dull) : severus (opposed to comis : rigid, 
exacting from hanse{fand others strictness 
of conduct, at the riJt of being thought 
harsh): tetricns {rigidly stiff and con- 
strained, from pedantry and xaiu of tem- 
per: of persons or habits, discipline. Sec.): 
difficiSs (not understanding the art of cosy 
and agreeable conversation and iuter- 
eoarse from hypochondria and tempera- 
ment) : morosns {wishing every thing te 
be done according to rule, from intoler- 
ant senqmlosity) : tristis {o^nsed to hila- 
ria : gloowty ; moody ; scorting the agree- 
abU). 
AUSTERELY, austere : acerbe. 
AUS TER ENESS, >ansteritas (both of 
AUSTERITY, J things and char- 
acter) : acertutas : amaritas (both properly 
and Jiguratioely): aereritas (austereness 
of character) : difficnbaa : morositas : tris- 
titia. [Stn. in AvsrexK.] A glocnny 
austereness, tristis austeritas {Q.utnt., op- 
posed to dissoluta comitas). 
AUTHENTIC, Yfidedignus: ceitos: 
AL'THENTICAL, i vemsL Somutimea 
^nuiuus : sincems. An aathentie edi- 
tion, * editio sincera {opposed to * editio, 
adolterina : genninus, from sen, root of 
gigno, intimMes that tJke thing really pro- 
ceeds from the source pretended; e. g-^ 
genuina Planti fabula : Eincems ^ ita- 
adulterated). 

AUTHENTICALLY, certo auctore : 
cum auctoritate. Cicero uses aiSa-riKiis 
in his letters; e. g., aidcvrticCii narrare, 
nunciare. 
ALTHENTICALNESS, > fides : fides 
AL-THENTICITY, 5 veritatis : 

anctoritas. Many persons entertain doubts 
of the jtuthenticity of the book, * multi 
dubitant hunc librum ab eo, ad quem re- 
fertur, conscriptum esse : some persons 
attack the authenticity of the law, * sunt 
qui censeant, lesem esse adulterinam. 

AUTHOR, beginner or mover of 
any thing : auctor (the person to whtrm tit 
plan of origin of any thing is due, 
whether -he carried it through or not) : in 
ventor {the inventor) : parens {the autho' 
who has produced any thing) : conditor 
(the author uAo has eopstntcted any thing, 
laid Ae founda ti on of and arranged it) : 
effectw {he who has carried it into effect) : 
princeps (]ke who stands at the head of any 
thing; e. g,,ofa conspiracy): moHtor {ht 
who sett a diJuatU Aing a going by a 
strymg exertion): axxitutectas {planner, cem 
tricer, &c : then, ta a depreciating sense, 
the author nf something bad): instimu^ 
later: concitator (he toto excites to any 
thing). ^ Jn. parens efiectorqae : princeps 
et aidntectns : instimnlator et concitator. 
The aatkor of a law, legis inventor (ie»k« 
firtA proposed such an enactment) : legis 
aadnr (fte who first advocated it, recom- 
mended it, and caused it to be carried) : 
legis lator (he who brought it before the 
people for their approbation) : the author 
of a crime, sceleris auctor, architectus or 
moBtor: the author of all evil, omnioin 
malorom seminator : to consider any body 
the author of any thing, putare ortum esse 
afiquid ab aliquo. \\ Author of a book. 
acriptor : qui Ubrum scripsit or conscrip- 
ak{the actual writer of it) : auctor (on^y so 
far as he is an authority for using a 
particular ^le for a particular ttatement. 
Sec. : hence not without a genitive, unlesa 
this Can easily be supplied ly the eon^zti) : 
Boman authors, Romani scriptores (who 
have written in Latin): remm Romana- 
mm auctores (Latin historians, who are 
our authorities for Boman history) : Latin- 
itatia auctores (writer* iff eiassieal Latin- 
ity). H Authors {as a class) without 
genitive, qui UbroB acribunt or conscri- 
bunt. 

AUTHORITATIVE, '] having due 
authority: auctoritatem, multum (plus. 



* .Ssopus auctor quam materiam re- 
perit, Hanc ego polivi versibus senariis, 
Phadr. Apud quosdam auctores noa 
inrenio Lucretinni Consulem, Lio. 

a 



AUTO 

Sec.) auctoritatis habens (after Cic, legum 
verta — quo plus auctoritatis habeant, 
&c.) : aliquid magna auctoritate affirrna- 
tiim (with all the weight that character, 
consent, &c., can give it : both of things). 
\\ Having the air of authority: im- 
perioaus : superbus : insolens. 

AUTHORITATIVELY, magnd, Sic, 
auctoritate : imperiose : pro imperio (e. 
g., aliquem discedere jubere) : superbe : 
insoleiiter : arroganter. 

AUTHORITATIVENESS, mostly by in- 
Eolentia, superbia, &c. 

AUTHORITY, auctoritas (influence; 
tDcight as an authority for any thing ; also 
" an authority," e. g., for a statement) : ai- 
bitrium (freedom to act according to one's 
Kill) : potestas (power) : licentia (permis- 
sion) : imperium (command) : testimo- 
nium : auctoritas testimonii (evidence). I 
have authority to do any thing, mihi data 
est potentia or copia aliquid faciendi, also 
auctoritatem habeo alicujus rei facienda?. 
Public authority, publica auctoritas : by 
the authority of the Scjiate, (ex) auctori- 
tate Senatiis : to give a man authority to 
manage any thing, alicujus arbitrio rem 
gereiidam tradere or committere : to give 
any body unlimited authority, infinitam 
licentiara alicui dare. He does it by his 
own authority, suo jure agit : by what au- 
thority ? quo jure ? let us reign with equal 
authority paribus auspiciis regamus. Ab- 
solute or despotic authority, potestas in- 
finita ; dorainatio : to have great authority 
in the state, in republica plurimum pol- 
lere : the authority of reason, domiiiatio 
rationis. The authority for a report, (ru- 
moris) auctoritas (Plaiu.). Any body's au- 
thority prevails, alicujus auctoritas valet: 
to disregard reason and authority, et ra- 
tionem et auctoritatem relinquere (Cic.) : 
thty have received authority to give laws 
from the Senate, habent auctoritatem le- 
gum daiidarum ab Senatu: any thing 
seems to give authority to commit sin, ali- 
quid videtur auctoritatem att'erre pec- 
caudi : to lessen any body's authority, ali- 
cujus auctoritatem deminuere, iraminu- 
ere : to have authority (weight, influence), 
auctoritatem habere : to reject authority, 
auctoritatem repudiare : to overthroic, de- 
stroy, or ruin authority, labet'actare or 
fran2;ere auctoritatem : to despise authori- 
ties (i. e., the great names produced as au- 
thorities), auctoritates contcmnere. Great 
authority (=: influence), auctoritas suiiima 
or amplissima: a per son of great antliority, 
homo in quo gumma est auctoritas atque 
amplitudo: to be of or have great authori- 
ty, magna esse auctoritate ; auctoritate 
florere or vigere : to be of small authori- 
ty, tenui esse auctoritate : to obtain great 
authority by any thing, ma^nain auctori- 
tatem sibi aliqua re constitucre : to in- 
crease authority, auctoritatem amplificare, 
augere : to do any thing by any body's 
authority, aliquo auctore, or alicujus nom- 
ine (as his substitute) facere aliquid. \\" An 
authority," auctor. Thvcijdides, a 
weighty authority, locuples auctor Thu- 
cydides. || " With authority," pro im- 
perio (jubere aliquid : of one holding an 
imperium). {| Authorities =: magis- 
trates, ViD. 

AUTHORIZE, alicui copiam dare or 
potestatem facere: to do any thing, ali- 
quid faciendi : alicujus rei facieiidic liren- 
tiam dare or permittere : manilare alicui, 
ut (to commission him to do it). To be 
exuthorizrd to do any thing, i)otcstal(>m 
aliquid faciendi habere, sometimes nian- 
d'lta habere ab aliquo. (| Make any 
thing^ legal or right: sancire: ratum 
facere or efficere : ratum esse jubere. 
Often by circumlocution with nulla est cx- 
cu'^atio alicujus rei, si, &c. Friendship 
can not authorize the commission of sin, 
nulla est cxcusatio peccati, ei amici causa 
peccaveris ; or turjiis .cxcusatio est et min- 
Ime accipienda, si quis sc amici causa pec- 
casse futeatur. Somrtimrs probare. com- 
probarc (to apirrovc of; as in, "desires 
which reason docs not authorize"). Some 
\)eople consider that a great reason au- 
thorizes sin, quidam excusari se arbitran- 
tur, quia non sine magna causa pecca- 
Verunt : their speeches authorize me to 
hope, eorum sermonibus adducor xA 
48 



A VE N 

sperem, &c. To think himself authorized 
to do any thing, sibi jus datum, or potes- 
tatem datam putare : not to think himself 
authorized, non fas esse ducere, baud lici- 
tum sibi aliquid putare. 

AUTOGRAPH, manu mesi (tua, <S:o.) 
scriptus. An autograph letter, epistola, 
quam med manu scripsi ; liter® auto- 
graphaa (Suet., Oct., 87) : any body's auto- 
graph, literal ipsius manu scriptse : an 
autograph, chirographum (handwriting). 
It was an autograph, ipsius manu scrip- 
turn erat. / will write the letter with my 
own autograph, meo chirographo utar 
(Cic, Att., 2, 20, 5). 

AUTO-DA-FE, * supplicium haeretico- 
rum. 

AUTOGRAPHICAL, mea (ipsius, Slc.) 
manu scriptus. 

AUTOMATON, automaton (in Suet., 
Claud , 34, aijTonarov : in late writers in 
Roman characters). Automatons, automa- 
taxm, plural (XJlp., Dig.). 

AUTOPSY, spectatio (general term). 
AUTUMN, auctumnus : tempus auc- 
tumnale: to be passing into autumn (of 
summer), auctumnescere (Marc. Cap.) : 
to cause or produce autumn, auctumnare 
(Plm.). It As ADJ., see next word. || The 
autumn of life, astas gravior or grandior. 
AUTUMNAL, auctumnalis, or genitive 
auctumni. The autximnal equinox, ajqui- 
noctium auctumnalo or auctumni. Au- 
tumnal or autumn weather, tempestas auc- 
tumnalis or auctumni ; ccelum auctum- 
nale. The weather is growing autumnal, 
ajstas auctumnescit (Marc. Cap.) ; aer 
auctumnat (Plin.). 

AUXILIAR, ) auxiliaris : auxiliarius. 
AUXILIARY, J Avxilia)-y forces, aux- 
iliares or auxiUarii milites, copiae, &c., or 
auxiliares only: auxilia, plural. Auxili- 
ary forces suddenly raised, auxilia repen- 
tina; milites subitarii (Lie, 3, 4, txtr.). 
Auxiliary verb, verbum auxiliare. To be 
auxiliary to any thing, adjuvare aliquid: 
adjumento esse ad aliquid. 
AUXILIAR, ?s., adjfitor. Vid. Help- 
AUXILIARY, 5 EK, Assistant. 
AVAIL, v., valere (to have weight, valid- 
ity, efficacy: wii% any body, apud aliquem) : 
utile esse : usui esse : ex u=u esse : utili- 
tatem or usum pra;bere : prodesse : con- 
ducere. To avail much, inagnas utilitati 
esse : magiif m utilitatem ad'erre : pluri- 
mum or valde prodesse : to avail little, 
non multum prodesse : parum prodesse 
(too little). To avail any body, prodesse 
alicui : esse ex usu alicujus : esse ex re 
or ill rem alicujus. Smnetimes proficerc 
mcy be used : patience avails nothing, 
nihil proficies or nihil ])rolicitur patientia. 
Conjecture does not avail, nihil valet con- 
jectura. 

AVAIL, s., utilitas ; usus : commodum ; 
cmolumentum : lucrum ; fnictiis. [Most- 
ly by verbs under Avail, v.\ To be of 
much avail toward doing any thing, mul- 
tum valere ad aliquid faciendum. Any 
thing is of little arail against any thing, 
aliquid parum valet contra aliquid. 

AVAILABLE, utilis (useful). Mostly 
by circumlocution. 

AVANT-GUARD. Vid. Advance- 
guard. 

AVARICE, Bvaritia: habendi cuidditaa 
or cupido. Jn. cupiditas et avaritia : pe- 
cuniai etudium or ciipiditas or avi<Utas. 
Greedy avarice, avaritia hians et immi- 
nens. Mean avarice. Hordes. 

AVARICIOU.S avarus : habendi cu- 
])idus : aliquantum avidior ad rem : pe- 
cuniaJ cupidus or avidus. prom the con- 
text, sometimes cupidus or avidus may 
stand alone in this sense ; e. g., homo cas- 
tug ac non cupidus (Cic). 

A VAUNT, abi ! apage ! amove tc hinc ! 
alii in malam rem (Cum). 

AVENGE, v., ulcisci aliquem or ali- 
quid : vindicare aliquem or alicjuid : per- 
Boqui alicujus pconas, or post-Augustan : 
exsequi aliquem : iioenas cajiere pro ali- 
quo or alicujus rei : jiunire aliquid. Jn. 
xdcisci et punire. [For t^YN., vid. Ur.- 
vi:Nf;E, .'.] To avenue any body's death, 
alicujus mortem (or necem) ulcisci, or 
vindicare, or pcrscqui : to avenge any 
body by the blool of his murderer, alicui 
or aUcujus manibus sanguine alicujus pa- 



A V O C 

rentare (Herzog, Cms., B. G., 7, 17, trtr.-). 
To avenge one's self on any body, ulcisel 
or persequi alicujus injurias ; ulcisci ali- 
quem pro acceptis injuriis (never ulcisci 
aliquem alone in this meaning) : vindicare 
in aliquem ; poenas petere or repetere ab 
aliquo: one's self on any body for any 
thing, or to avenge a person (by punishing 
him who wronged him), ulciscf aliquem 
pro aliqua re or pro aliquo (the person 
pu7iished in the accusative): vindicare 
aUquid ab aliquo (to visit any thing upon 
any body) : poenas alicujus or alicujus rei 
repetere ab aliquo. Togo to avenge one's 
self upon any body, aUquem ultum ire: 
not to avenge one's self (for any thing), 
aliquid inultimi et impunitum dimittere .: 
not to avenge one's self, injurias acceptaa 
non persequi ; injuriam inultam et im- 
punitam dimittere. / will be sure to 
avenge myself of him, inultum id nun- 
quara a me auferet. / am. already svffi, 
ciently avenged, satis est mihi supplicii. 
AVENGEANCE, ) ,,. , „ 
AVENGEMENT. j ^^'^- I^evenge, s. 
AVENGER, ultor, or vindex alicujus, or 
alicujus rei : punitor aUcujus rei : ultor 
injuriarum. SrN. in Revenge, s. 

AVENUE, aditus (apiproach) : xystua 
(explained by Vitruvius to be hypsethra 
amliulatio, a walk with trees or clijiped 
hedges on either side, and generally adorn- 
ed with statue.i). 
AVER. Vid. Assert. 
AVERAGE, mostly by plus minus ; plus 
mhmsve (more or less) ; circiter (aJiut). 
They received, on an average, 10,000 sester- 
tia a year for honey, numquam minus, ut 
pera^que ducerent, dena milha sestertia 
ex melle recipieliaiit. 
AVERSATION. Vid. Aversion. 
AVERSE, ab aliquo or nb aliqu4 re 
avcrsus, alienatus, alienus. Jfot to be 
averse to do any thing, non disphcit with 
infinitive : not to be averse to their opinion, 
baud poenitet eorum sententiai esse (Liv.). 
AVERSENE.SS. Vid. Aversion. 
AVERSION, odium (hatred, dislike, all, 
cujus or alicujus rei) : animus alienus or 
aver.^us (ab aliquo, aversion) : declinatio 
(alicujus rei : opposed to appetitio ; tht 
shunning it by stej'ping asede out of its 
7ctiy) : fuga (the flying from it) : ta;dium 
(sensation of weariness and disgust ; ali- 
cujus rei) : odium in aliquem conceptum, 
or erga aliquem susceptum [aversatio, 
Q. S.]. To have an aversion to any thing, 
alionum esse, or ahhorrere ab aliqua re: 
tie<lium mihi aliquid att'ert or adducit. / 
have a great aversion to any thing, mag- 
num alicujus rei odium me cejiit. Any 
body is my aversion ; or, to have an aver- 
sion to any body, ab aliquo animo esse 
alicno, or avcrso (or aversissimo) ; odium 
gererf! adversus aliquem ; odium susce- 
pissi! adversus aliquem ; odium couccpis- 
se in aliquem ; aliquem. odisse or odio na- 
bere. To excite aversion, odium concitare, 
crcare, or conciliare ; stomachum move- 
re : against aiiy thing, odium alicujus rei 
facere. 

AVERT, PBOPR., avertere: amoiere : 
om's eyes from any body, oculos dejicere 
ab aliquo (not avertere oculos, but oculos 
all ali(iuo in alium avert<'ro is correct) : a 
blow [vid. Parry] : one's thoughts from a 
subject, cogitationes avertere ab aliqud re, 
and al) aliqilo. Impr., to avert an evil, 
aniovOre, dejicere (to remove it): depelle- 
re (to drive off an approaching evil) : re- 
pcllere (to drive back one that has ap- 
jtroacked) : propulsare : defcndere (to 
ward it off) : deprecari (to avert it by 
prayer.-i): tiycrrnnc arc (of the gods). T» 
avert a calamity by jn-ayer^, deprecari a se 
calamitatcm : a war, amovere belluui ; 
did'endere billum. 
AVIARY, aviarium. 
AVIDITY, aviditas : cupiditas : cupido. 
Great avidity, (cupiditati-^) ardor; irnre- 
tus ; fitis. To read books with avidii,i, 
vornre literas. 

AVOCATION, II that which calh 
aside: quod (animum, cogitationem, 
&c.) avocat, aljducit. {| Business mu- 
nia, plural, oilicium: negotia. The ovn- 
cations of business, negotia or occujia- 
tinnes, quilius aliquis implicitua e.-t, er 
negotia only. 



AWAY 

AVOID, fiigere : defugere {fbf from. 
Mil mt keep out of lie wag) : ritaie : deri- 
tare (fo go (MU of the way of) : decUnare 
(to lea» aside from). To avoid a battle, 
uitBlium defugere : a danger, pericnhun 
ftigere, defugCTC (no* to expose onia self 
to it), vitare {being expoted to it, to get out 
of its vay at the right time). Season teach- 
es tts what to do and tchat to aaoid, ratio 
docet, quid faciendum fugiendumve sit: 
to acoid hurtful things, ea, qua: nocitura 
Tideantnr, declinare. 

AVOIDABLE, quodevitari potest [vite- 
bilia: eritabUi^, are poetical]. 

AVOIDANCE, vitatio: dievitatio: evi- 
tado {Quint.) : fuga (alicujus reQ : de- 
cILoatio (alicujus rei). 

AVOUCH. Vid. AssjSBT, Aixege. 

AVOW, profiteri {to acov freely and 
fully, whether questioned ornot) : confiteri 
(to confess in consequence of questions, 
threats. &c.). 

AVOWAL, profesao (e. g., stultitiae, 
bourn Toluntatis). 

AVOWEDLY, the nearest are, aperte 
iflpatly, subjecticely) : ex professo (Sat, 
QuMt) : libere : ingenue. ChrcunUocur 
<oj» with libere profiteri, ingenue con- 
<teri 

AWAIT, manere alicni or aliqnem {are 
in store for) : imminere alicui {hang 
ever). \\ Wait for: opperiri aliquem or 
aliquid: prȣtolari alicui or {but not in 
Cicero) aliquem : manere aliquem : ex- 
spectare aliquem. Syx. in Wait fob. 

AWAKE } TjiAKS^ exsuscitare ; ex- 

AWAKEN, i pergefacere (e somno) ; 
exiatare (e) sonmo ; suscitare sonmo or e 
quiete (t) (all stand, also, without e som- 
no, in the jiguratice sense of arousing). 
To awake from the dead, aliquem excitare 
ab inferis ; aliquem a morte ad vitam re- 
Tocare ; aliquem ab orco reducem in 
lacem lacere. His conscience is awaken- 
ed, conscientia mordetur. [| Fig. Vid. 
Excite, Kindle, Cause. 

AVVAKE, ESTB., expergisci, expei^e- 
fieri {properly and figurativdy) : somno 
soItI : somno excitari, properly : excitari 
without somno, also fgunaicelf : sudden- 
ly, somno exciiti (t). Awaking at the 
datcn of day, ad primam auroram ex- 
citus. 

AWAKE, adj., Tigilans : exsomnis {one 
whose eyes no sleep visits). To be auiake, 
vigilare {properly) ; excubare {fgurative- 
ty, to be watchful, Cic ad Die., 10, 8, 5) : 
to remain attake the whole night, perviei- 
lare noctem : noctem perpetuis vigiliia 
agere : noctem insomnen agere (the first 
two of voluntary, the last of involuntary, 
tle^Ussness). 

AWAKEN. Vid. Awake. 

AWAKEXER, circumlocution with qui 
exsujcitat, Ac 

AWAKENING, exsuscitatio {only im- 
properly). 

AWARD, v., addicere : adjudicare : 
property to any body, bona alicui addicere : 
the sovereignty to Ptolemy, adjudicare reg- 
imm Ptolenueo : a triumph {money, Sec, 
to any body), decemere alicui triumphum, 
&C. : to award punishment, pcBuam alicui 
constituere, dicere {under the emperors, 
irrogare) : a fine, dicere alicui mulctam. 

AWARD, s., judicium : arbitrium : de- 
cretum : sentenna. [Srx. in Judgment.] 
\\As act: addictio (e. g^ bonorum) : ad- 
judicatio {Dig.). 

AWARE, cautns : cautus providusque. 
Not aware, ignarus {ignorant). To be 
swore, scire : novisse : aliquid cognitum 
habere : non nescire : non isnorare : ali- 
cujus rei non ignarum esse : me non fugit 
Or praeterit aliquid. Hot being aurare that 
the dictator was come, ignari venisse dicta- 
torem. 

AWAT, II away with : tolle (toffite): 
anfer (auferte) aUquid: away with you, 
abi ! apage te ! amove te hmc : abi in 
malam rem (Com.:=."go to the devil"). 
Away with you, ye profane, procul este, 
profani ! Attay with this nonsense, pellan- 
tor ists ineptise : contemnamns istas in- 
eptias. Away with this kind of delibera- 
tion, hoc quidem genus deliberantium 
toBatur e medio ! || To be awat, abease : 
procul esse. H In composition, "aicoy" 
u fastly translated by verbs compounded 



AZUB. 

with a, ab, de, pr j, ex. T»J^ «*'^^ ■<n>- 
lare: to hasten away, aofiigeie, aTolare: 
se proripere : to fiee away, anfagere, pro- 
fo^re {the latter espet^ialbf teaetly}: to 
lead away, abducere : deducere : to drive 
away, abigere {properly): peQere: pro- 
peUere: expellere: to carry away with 
one, secum asportare : to S-ag awea/ by 
force, vi abducere or abstrahere : to go 
away, abire ; discedere. j| To away 
with any thing {z^enduri), rid. 
Beab. 

A^VE, 5^ verecundia {fiar of lowering 
on^s self in the eyes of one whom we re- 
spect : then respect for a person or thim^ : 
rererentia {thefeeUng and convictionuiat 
a person daerve* ongs reverential respect) : 
Teneratio (revere n ce toward the gods and 
sacred things : the reverence of worshai) : 
^miratio {awe accompanied with wonder, 
felt and expressed. To be restrained by a 
secret awe, tacita quadam veneratione in- 
hiberi. To feel awe at any thing, vereri 
or revereri aliqoid ; Terecundiam habere 
alicujus rei : som^imes paveie or expa- 
Tescere : timere or extimescere aUquid 
(to aremble at the thougku of U) : to feel 
awe of any body, verecundiam habere ali- 
cujus ; afiquem revereri ; reverentiam 
adrersus aliquem adhibere : suspicere 
aliquem (to U>ok up to). To throw aside 
all feeling of awe, reverentiam exuere ; 
omnem verecundiam effondere. 

AWE, DL, alicni injicere admirationem 
eni (to make him gaze at one with admira- 
tion) : timorem, or pa vorem alicui injicere, 
or incutere (to strike fear into them) : eS&- 
cere ut aliquis aliquid or ahquem verea- 
tur or revereatur (to cause him to rever- 
ence). 

AWFLTl., by drcmnlocution with verbs 
under Awe, r. \\Feeling awe; the 
nearest are venerabundus {of persons) : 
pavidus, pavens {trembling: of persons 
or things). ^^^^ Sometimes other adjec- 
tives may be substituted ; as, •' an awful ca- 
tastrophe,'' funestos or luctuosus rerum 
exitus, &JC. 

A WHILE, aliquamdin : pauHisper {dur- 
ing a short tone) : ad tempus {only for a 
time) : parumper {only for a short lime, 
and not after that ; especially of mental 
actions : panllisper especially of bodily ac- 
tions. Dod.). 

AWKWARD, aerestia {rustic, rude): 
laevus {Ufi-handed : without dezterity) : 
mdis {rude, uncultivated) : inscitns {with- 
out the requisite knowledge) : incomposi- 
tus {without apt arrangement ; especially 
of orators and orations), is. rudis at- 
que incompositus : incultns {uncultirated, 
whether in manner or mind) : impoUtus : 
intonsus {unpolished). Jn. intonsus et 
incultus : innrbanus (uncourt^ou^) : in- 
venustus {without attractive beauty): in- 
elegans {tasteless) : inconcinnus {without 
the grace of symmetry or harmonious pro- 
portion). To have an awkward gait, cor- 
poris motu esse agrestem. Awkward 
manners, mores rustici, rusticita^. 

AWKWARDLY, rustice : rusticius : 
incomposite: illiberaliter : inurbane: in- 
eleganter : inscite. To behave awkwardly, 
rusticum se pr»bere : rustice facere. 

AWKW.ARDXESS, rusncitas {Silver 
Age) : inelegantia : inconcinnitas : insci- 
tia [SrN. in Awewabd] : insuUitas {the 
making a disagreeable impression on peo- 
ple oflasu). 

AWL, subula. Cobbler's awl, fistiila 
sutoria {Plia., 17, 14, 23). 

AWN, arista. 

AWNING, • tegumentum linteum. 

AWRY, oblique: prave {properly and 
improperly). 

AXE, securis {any axe — the butcher's, 
executioner's, soldier's, woodman's, Slc, 
&c.) : bipennis {double-axe, used by wood- 
men and soldiers) : ascia (a carpenter's 
axe, to lop and square wood with) : dola- 
bra (pickaxe). 

AXIOM, pronunciatum {altuiia, Cic : 
later, axioma, atis). 

AXLE, axis {in ail the wuanings of the 
English word). 

AY. Md. Yes. 

AYE. Vid. Always, Eveb. 

AZURE, adj., caeruleus : cyanena : co- 
lore cseruleo or cyaneo 



BACK 

B. 

.AA, balare (to bleat; of shet^ : blate- 
rare {of rams : Aitct, carm. de Philom,, 



BABBLE, balbutire (to speak inartiat- 
latdf, like a chUd) : garrire (to prate m a 
fanuiiar or fritoUnts manner, from foni- 
nessfOT speaking) : Uaterare (to talk mutk 
about nothing, wUh r^erence to the foolish- 
ness of what is said) : hariolari (to talk 
senseless stuff, like an insane soothsayer) : 
alucinari (to speak without any thought or 
amtideratiou) : nugari (to bring forth st»- 
pid, trifling maUer. These three aostlgr 
tramdated with the accusative) : fabulari ; 
confabolaii : fabulari inter se : sermon'^ 
caadere {Xiyovi Kdxruvi of persons chat- 
tering togtihtr in a good-natured, confi- 
dential way) : effntire (aliquid, or abio- 
luuly, Cic). 

B.IBBLER, garrulus ; loquax {the gar- 
ruins is tiresome from the quality, the 
loquax from the quantity, of what h* 
says) : qui gilere tacenda nequit. 

BABBLING, garritns {laU) : garrulitas: 
loquacitas : conlabulatio (jgoodna^ured, 
chattering conversation of one or more : 
late). 

BABE. Vid. Baby. 

BABOON, simia pavianus (Xn.>. 

B.\BY, inians : pupus ; pupolos {of m 
male infant) : pupa ; pupula {of a female: 
these four also as terms of endearment). 
li^gT" Icuncula puellaris, in some recent 
edkioHS of Suet,, JVer., 56, is a mere con- 
jeetUTt. 

BACCH.-VNAL, bacchans, homo vino- 
lentus ac dissolntus. 

BACCHANALUN, baccbicus (bdoug- 
iag to Bacchus ; poetical, baccheus or bao 
chius) : bacchantibus similis. ^Drunk- 
ard; riotous liver: homo vinolentiM 
ac dissolntus : dissolutus : luxuriosos : 
potator {foad of drinking): vini capaeis- 

BACCHAXALS, baccfaanalia, ^ural 
{drunken feasts and reeds of Bacchus). 

BACCHANTE, Baccba (a woman wia 
celebrates the rites of Bacchus). 

BACHELOR, caelebs, qui uxorem nnnt- 
qnam habcit {it is also applicable to a 
widower) : a redoubted bachtiia; qui ab- 
horret ab nxore ducenda: a confirmed 
old badtelor, qui a ducendd uxore sic ab- 
horret, ut libero lectolo neget esse quid- 
quam jucundius. || In tie Academic 
sense: * baccaiaaTeiis{oaie who has taken 
hisfm degree, which degree is called bac- 
calaureatus). 

BACK, termm (ta opposition to firons) i 
dorsum {the back of a quadruped : m ojh 
po«Bii» to Tenter or alviu. Aecordmgto 
Doderlan, dorsnan, from iifas, denotes tie 
bad in a iortzontmi direction; consequent- 
ly, tie bati of an animal, tn opposition to 
lie bdbfr iike v2to¥ : tergom, the back, in 
a popendicular direction ; consequently 
the part between thashouUer* inaman, tn 
oppoaitiain to the breast, Vkt ftra^paor. 
Hence dorsum montis denotes the upper- 
most surface ; tergam montis, the hinder 
part ef a mountain) : with the badt toward 
one, aversus : with his bach to the light,. 
aTersBs a lumine. Back to bade, inter se 
aTersi : to bind the hands behind the back, 
reiigare or revincire manus post teisnin 
or post terga : to put the hands behind tit 
back, rejicere manus in tergum : to wtA 
up and down with the Aond* behind dkt 
back, manibus in tergum rejectis inani 
bulare : to take on the back, * aUqnem or 
aliqtiid in tergum accipere (Cic, De X. D., 
2, fi}, 1^ : to lift on ouifs bask, aliqnem 
or aliquid humeria att<dlere : to lie on tie 
bath, Eupinum cnbaic (w opposition to id 
fiaciem cubare, Juwen., 3, ^0) : the wina 
is at oneis back, t ei g um afflat ventaa. Tk 
lay iq)on its back, resnpinare : to turn 
thar backs, terga Tertere or dare {take ta 
Jlight) : as soon as aqr bach was turned, 
simul ac discesserim : to turn one'* iodk 
i^mn any onsi alicui tergom {of seeendr 
terga) obvertere {literaSf); aliqnem de- 
serere (to leave in the hirch) ; alicui dee» 
se (to faU him) : behind any on^s bad^ 
dam aliquo, or aliqao iimrin, aliqiio a^ 



BACK 
Bcnte : to speak ill of a person behi/id his 
back, alicui absonti male dicerc. || Back 
part: parsaversa: tergum : pars poste- 
rior : back of the paper, charta aversa. 
Written on the back, scriptus in tergo 
(Juv.). The back of the head, aversa pars 
capitis: occiput: back of the island, aver- 
sa (plural) insula3 : of the mountain, aver- , 
sa rnontis : aversus mons : at the back of 
the house, (in) aversa parte domus (i. e., 
in the hack side of the principal building) ; 
in postico : (in) postica parte aidium : 
(in) postica donio {in the back building's). 
He Hues at the back of the house, * habitat 
in aversa parte domus (i. e., his windows 
look into the court): * habitat in postica 
mdium parte (in some of the back build- 
ings). There was a garden at the back of 
the house, hortus erat posticis ajdium par- 
tibus. 

BACK, ilf.dv., retro, rctrorsum : 7chen 
used eViptically it is expressed by cede ! 
cedite ! recede ! recedite ! mostly expi-essed 
by re in cxjmposition ; e. g., to call back, 
revocaro : to turn back, reverti (tlic past 
tenses from the perfect, reverti : hence re- 
yerteram. &,c., seldom reversus sum. But 
t/ie participle reversus has the active mean- 
ing): of a dricer, equos flectere : to run 
back, recurrere : to fly back, revolare : to 
roll back, revolvere : to drive tlie enemy 
back from the city, hostes ab urbe repelle- 
re or ix-jicere : to go back to the origin 
and head of any thing, aliquid alee et a 
capite repetere. 

BACK, V. a. II Mount, consccndere 
(e. g., equum, to back or jnount a horse). 
II To back or take the part of any 
body, suffragari alicui ; alicui favere ; ju- 
vare or adjuvare aliquem ; adjumento 
ecse alicui ; aliquem cousilio et re tueri, 
or opera et consilio juvare : sustcntare : 
sustinere. || To back er retreat, se 
recipere, rctrorsum movere ; to back wa- 
ter, navem retro inhibere : inhiljere na- 
vem remis, or inliibere remis only. 

BACKBITE, TR., caluraniari (to accuse 
falsely and with malignant intention) ; 
{'also criminari aliquem apud aliquem.: 
de fama or existimatione alicujus detra- 
here : male dicere alicui : to speak ill of 
behind the back, absentem rodere (Hor.) : 
de aliquo absentc detrahendi causa male- 
dice contumelioseque dicere (Cic, Off., 1, 
37, 134); alicui absenti male loqui (Ter., 
Pfiorm., 2, 3, 25). / am backbitten, detra- 
hitur de mea fama. 

BACKBITER, calumniator; calumnia- 
trix ; obtrectator. 

BACK-BONE, spina, or spina dorsL 
BACK-DOOR, postica (sc. janua) ; osti- 
um posticum, also merely posticum : Ja- 
nua aversa or interior [with the same dis- 
tinction as in Back-gate]. 

BACK-GATE, porta aversa (opposed to 
front gate): porta postica, or postica 
only (gate m the back buildings) : of a 
camp, porta decumana. 

BACK-GROUND, recessus : of a paint- 
ing, qu;e in pictura abscedunt or rcce- 
dunt. To be in the back-ground, recede- 
re, ahsfedere (opposed to promincre). 

BACK.SIDE, II para posterior ; pars 
pversa. \\ Of an animal: nates (of a 
man) : chines (buttock, of men or animals : 
diminutive, chmiculsB). 

B,\CKSLIDE, *patria sacra deserere : 
' Chriptianorum sacra deserere. 
BACK.SLiniNG, *defectio a sacris. 
BACKSLIDER, defector (Tac); apo- 
etata (ErcL). 

BA{;;K\V.\nD, adv.. retro; rctrorsum: 
to go hack, rrtro ire. or ambulare, or gra- 
di : backward and finrard, ultro citroque. 
II 7'o go backward ^= become worse: 
detenorem, deterius fieri ; in detenus 
nutari : in i)ejorem jjartem verti et mu- 
lari. Uc goes backward in /lis learning, 
lion di.^cit, sed dedi.scit. His affairs go 
backward, res ejus detcriore loco sunt 
11 With the back turned toward the 
.■spectator, avcrsu*'. Brars creep down 
from, trees backward, ursi arbores aversi 
Uerepunt. 

BACKWARD, adj., ab aliquo or ab ali- 
qua ri! aversus, alienus : tardus (opposed 
tu celer, velox : also of the mind) ; l(>iitus 
(opposed to citus. and, of thr mind, to 
•cer) : segnis (opposed to proratus) : «c- 



B AD G 

cording to Dodcrlei?i, tardus denotes slow- 
ness witii reference to the great le?igth of 
time spent ; whereas lentus with reference 
to quietness of motion (Handbook, p. 209) : 
backward in transacting business, tardus 
in rebus gerendis : backward in writing, 
cessatorcm esse in literis : backward in 
learning, tardus ad discendum, or in dis- 
cendo ; lentus in discendo ; ingcnio tar- 
do ; yi&CT (slothful). \\ Loitering, &c., 
cunctans ; cunctabundus ; cessans ; mo- 
ram faciens. || Late, with reference to 
time: serus: serotiuus : backward figs, 
seras iici : grapes, serotinaj uvae. 

BACKWARDNESS, ignavia (opposed 
to indnstry and alacrity), is. tarditas et 
ignavia ; socordia atque ignavia ; pigritia ; 
inertia; segnities [Syn. in Slowness] ; 
fuga laboris ; desidia ; languor et desidia : 
or if backwardness is seated in the will, 
anim.us alienus ; animus invitus. 

BACON, lardum (contraction of lari- 
dum. Plant.). 

B.AD, \\ in a physical seyise, mains: 
bad weather, tempestas mala, adversa, foe- 
da : a bad journey, iter difficile, incom- 
modum : a very bad road, via det(?rrima : 
bad money, nuuii adulterini : a bad lliroat, 
angina: bad eyes, oculi lippi : to have bad 
eyes, lippire : /le wlio has bad eyes, lippus : 
a 6a(/ //««(/, porrigo. || In a moral sense, 
mains (bad by nature: oppused to bonus) : 
pravus (corrupted, by bad liabil) : bad by 
nature and corrupted by habit, malus pra- 
vusque : homo nequam (a bad or worth- 
less fellow: opposed to frugi) : to liave a 
bad lieart, esse ingenio malo pravoque : 
a bad conscience, conscientia mala : to be 
in. bad repute, male audire : to get on bad- 
ly, male proficere in aliqua re. Accord- 
ing to Doderlein, malus homo is a mor- 
ally bad man ; but nequam, a goodfor- 
nothing man, whose faukiness shows itself 
in aversion to useful labor, and a propens- 
ity to roguish tricks, in opposition to fru- 
gi ; pravus, a man whose c/uiracter has tak- 
en a vicious direction, in a pliysical, or in- 
tellectual, or moral point of view, in oppo- 
sition to rectus (Hand-book, p. 131) : bad 
times, tenipora iniqua, aspera, luctuosa ; 
temporum iniquitas ; temporum calami- 
tates (the badness of the times) : bad news, 
nuncius tristis, acerbus : to hear bad news, 
malum nuncium audire : a bad wife, mu- 
lier or uxor SiBva, incommoda et impor- 
tuna; bad compa?iy, *80cii mali : to set a 
bad erample, esse exempli mali : to try to 
mend a bad business, rem proclinatam 
adjuvare. || With reference to health: 
Eeger (bad in health), a;gor atque invali- 
dus : very bad, gravi et poricuioso morbo 
ffiger: to fall into a bad state of Itealth, in 
adversam valetudinem indicere : to be bad 
again, in morbum recidere; de integro 
in morbum incidere : to be bad or sick, 
a3grotare (opposed to valere) ; wgrotum 
esse ; in morbo esse ; morbo laborare or 
affectum esse ; valetudine affectum esse ; 
morbo vexari, or conflictari, iniqua vale- 
tudine conflictari : to be very bad, graviter 
or gravi morbo Higrum esse. Vid. Sick. 

BADGE, signum ; nota ; indicium (in 
a general sense) : insigne (a badge of 
honor) : insignia triumphi ; ornamenta 
triumphalia: many have obtnincd badges 
of merit witliout deserving them, insignia 
virtutis multi etiam sine virtnte assecuti 
sunt. 

BADGER, ursus merles (Liv.). The 
meles or ma;les of the ancients is, how- 
ever, more jrrobably the marten. Vid. 
Schncid., Varr., R. R., 3, 12, 3. || One 
who speculates in corn or provi- 
sions, fenerator or tocullio. ex annonaj 
caritate lucrans (Suet., Aer., 4o). 

BADGER, r. a., cruciiire ; excruciaro ; 
torquere ; stimulare : angcre ; vexare : 
to badger with questions, aliquem rogitan- 
do olitundere : to badger to death with 
questions, aliquem rogitando cnocarc : to 
badger with entreaties, aliquem precibus 
latigare : to badger with complaints, ali- 
quem querelis angero. [ The *canis verta- 
gus (hound employed in badger-hunting, 
Liv.) expels with difficulty the badger from 
his hole (* caverna ursi nielis), when the 
animal is hunted for his skin, *peHis ursi 
melis; hence to annoy ineessnntly is "to 
badger," or treat as you would a badger.] 



BAIL 

BADINAGE, ludus ; jocus ; nuga ; trt- 
C8B. To employ badinage, jocularia fun- 
dere ; ridicula jactitare ; ludere ; jocari ; 
cum aliquo ludere, jocari ; aliquem lud> 
brio habere : away with your badinage, 
quin tu mittc istas tricas ; aufer nugas I 

BADLY, male ; prave ; nequiter : to 
think badly, or have a bad opinion of a per- 
son, male opinari de aliquo : to speak bad- 
ly of a person, alicui male dicere : to be- 
have badly to a person, injuriam alicui fa- 
ccre or inferre : to turn, out badly, male or 
secus cadere : to manage matters badly, 
male rem gerere : he is afraid that he may 
Come off badly, metuit, ne malum habeat : 
any body is coming off badly, male se ha- 
bet aliquis ; male agitur cum aliquo. 

BADNESS, II badness of character. 
ingenium malum pravumque ; improbi- 
tas ; ncquitia. jl Of conduct : iiagitium; 
probmm ; scelus. 

BAFFLE, ad vanum, or ad irritum, or 
ad vanum et irritum redigere (avoid ad 
nihil redigere i?i this sense: it is strict- 
ly, "to reduce to nothing," Lucr., Liv.): 
disturbare (unsettle what had been settle^ : 
perimere (destroy) : to be baffled, irritum 
fieri ; ad irritum cadere, or recidere, or 
venire : to baffle expectation, spem fallere, 
or ludere, or destitucre : to see one's hopes 
baffled, spem perdere ; spe excidere ; a 
spe decidere ; spe dejici : 07ie's hope is 
bnffled, spes ad irritum cadit, or redigitivr : 
to baffle all a person's plans, conturbare 
alicui omnes rationes : if some accidents 
or avocation had not baffled his design, 
nisi aliqui casus aut occupatio ejus con- 
silium peremisset : death baffles all his 
hopes and all his plans, omnem spem at- 
que omnia vitee consilia mors pervertit. 
In this manner was this undertaking baf- 
fled, ita frustra id inceptum iis fuit. 

BAG, saccus ; culeus (a larger bag of 
leather, for sewing parricides in, and for 
various purposes) : follis (a leathern bag 
for money, or leathern purse) : marsupium 
(a money-bag) : crumena (a small money- 
bag or purse; according to Plant., Asin., 
3, 3, 67, and True, 3, 1," 7, worn about thi 
neck) : zona (a small bag or purse slung 
around the body). A little bag, sacciilus: 
saccellus : folliciilus. 

BAG, V. a., in saccum, or sacco con- 
dere (to put in a bag) : * sacco ingerere. 
Intr., tumescere ; intumescere ; extu- 
mescere ; turgescere (to swell like a bag 
that is full) : * deformem in modum sinu- 
ari (of clothes). 

BAGATELLE, res parvi momenti : 
nuga! : apinae (Mart., sunt apina) tricsB- 
que et si quid villus istis). 7 look upon 
any thing as a mere bagatelle, aliquid mihi 
jocus or ludus est. To tlie Greeks, falst 
testimony is a mere bagatelle, (irajcis jua- 
jurandum jocus est, testimonium ludus. 

B.'iGGAGE, sarcina;, impedimenta, 
orum, n. (both, also, of an army : sarcinae, 
that of individuals ; impedimenta, that of 
the whole army, especially as carried in 
wagons or by beasts of burden) : impedi- 
menta et carri (tlie baggage and wagon* 
by which they arc transported) : to plunder 
the baggage, impedimenta diripere : to 
take tile baggage, impedimenta capere; 
impedimentis potiri : to take all their bag- 
gage from the enemy, omnibus impedi- 
mentis hostem exuero: to lose the bag- 
gage, impedimenta amittere ; impedi- 
mentis exui : soldiers without baggage, 
militcs cxpediti : to fight while encum- 
bered with their baggage, sub onere con- 
fligere : to attack the enemy while they were 
encumbered with their baggage, hostes sub 
sarcTnia adoriri. || As a word of con- 
tempt, sordes; hitum ; scortum. 

B.\GN10, \\ a bathing-house: bali- 
neum or balneum, plural, mostly as het- 
croclite, balnea! or balineie, seldom (in 
Cic. never) balinea or balnea, orum: the 
plural is used of public baths, the singular 
of prirate, Varr., L. L., 9, 41, §68 fvid. 
Bath] : balnearia, orum (private bathing- 
vlac.es in gardens, villas, &c., Cic, Att., 
13,29,2; Cic, Quint., Fr.,3,l,l, ^i) : ther- 
mar! (public buildings erected by the em- 
perors for bathing and taking eiercise) ; la- 
vatio (a place for bathing : by later rvriters, 
lavacrum) : || hipannr ; lustrum (a brothel). 
BAl L, gponaio ; fidejussio , vadimoni am 



BAKE 

(« reea^ntzoMce or teiZ to appear m • cmirt 
tf justice) : caatio (a security) : satisdatio 
(guarantee, or teeurityfor the paformanee 
of a stipulation) : to promise bail, vadimo- 
niara promittere : he tcho has made the 
promise, qui est in vadimonio : to give 
hail, eponaonem or Tadimoniuin facere ; 
sponsione se obstringere ; sadsdare : to 



BALD 

ka's hntd, panis a propoIA emtiu (Cic^ 
Pis., 27, ezA-oct) : the baker's market, forum 
pistorium: baker'swuun>rbof,opeTapiato- 
ria ^moftly in the plural, opens pistoriae). 
BALANCE, s^ ||/or weighing: tru- 
tma (jpvrayn- P'^'P^'^j thehole tit which 
the tongue of the balance platft : then gen- 
eral term for balance: (rutins, qns 



take bail, satis accipere : to forfeit bail, I state rss dicnntur, Vitr., 10, 3, 8, 4) : Hbra 
eserere : to demand bail, (a pair of scales) : statera (jnosth/ steel- 



Tadimoninm deserere 
radem poscere : of arty body, aJiqnem 
TadarL \\A bail, or one who gives 
bad: sponsor; fidejussor; vas, yadia, 
■- ; prsBS. ly^ According to Dsderlein, 
sponsor is a surety in a general sense, 
who guarantees any thing whateeer; where- 
as vas and pries are sureties in a court of 
justice; vas, one who gives security for the 
^pearance of one or other party in court ; 
prtBS, «ho gives security for a claim of 
government (Hand-book, p. SCXft. To 
give leg bail, clam se subducere : lugd se 
gubtrahere. 

BAIL, r., Il^tpe bail for any body, 
sponsorem, praedem esse pro aiiquo : 
spondere, fidem interponere pro aliquo ; 
vadem fieri alicujus sistendi (for his ap- 
pearance) ; prajdem fieri pro aliquo or 
alicujus rei ; obsidem alicujus rei fieri : 
Tadem se dare alicni pro aliquo. ^Ac- 
cept bail for any body, rades (prsB- 
des) accipere alicujus rei : Tadimonio in- 
terposito aliquem liberare (of a person 
who would otherwise be kept in prison). 

BAILIFF, administrator : procurator 
(manager of the affairs of an absentee by 
commission) : rillicus (an under-steward 
efa manor): to commit the management 
cfaa estate to a bailiff, villicum fundo fa- 
miUaeque praeponere : apparitor (an qff.- 
eer of a court of justice, whose business it 
is to execute arrests, &c. ; also lictor : but 
these words answer in part only to our bai- 
liff or catchpoll) : the high bailiff, qusesitor 
ac judex primus. 

BAIT, 17., II to furnish a hook, &c., with 
a bait, ' escam imponere or obducere (o 
hook, hajno). \\To allure by food ajUh, 
&c. ; i e., to bait for: inescare ; cibo 
incscare ; cibo aliicere. '(iOn a journey, 
sobeistere in itinere ; iter intermittere (to 
mispendon^s journey): derertere : deverti : 
deversari (to turn in for refreshment, &c.) : 
at any lutdy's house, ad or apud aliqueia : 
any where, ad or in locum. Obs. diverte- 
re can not be used except where the parties 
separate, and some go to one inn, some to 
anotlier. To bait horses, equorum refici- 
endorum causa subsistere (after Cas., B. 
Civ., 2, 42, end) : * equorum reficiendo- 
rum causi apud aliquem, or ad aliquem 
locum devereari. || To set dogs upon, 
immittere canes alicui or in aliquem. 
I' To attack as dogs do, morsu appre- 
hendere ; mordicus premere aliqoid : 
morsu appetere aliquem. Fig. ::= assail 
pertinaciously: invadere in aliquem : 
tncursare in aliquem : Texare, agitare, 
:*ce8Sere aliquem. |t To bait a bear or 
a bull, * ursum or taumm cum canibus 
committere. 

B.4IT, s~, esca, fllecebra (properly and 
improperly) : cibus ad fraudem alicujus 
positus : also, from context, cibus only. 
To catch teith a bait, cibo inescare. 
H SxTLL-bait. Vid. Bci.L. 

BAITING -PLACE, deversorium: ta- 
bcma deversoria : deverticulum. 
BAIZE, * pannus laneus crassioris telse. 
BAKE, coquere (general term for mak- 
tng hard by heat ; bread, bricks, &c.) : 
torrere, torrefacere, siccare (to dry, parch, 
&c. ; e. g-, igni fruges ; terram solis ar- 
dore). Intk., coqui: percoqui: excoqui: 
bricks baked in a kiln, lateres cocti or 
coctiles : to bake bread, panes coquere. 
BAKE-HOUSE, pistrina: pistrinum. 
B.^KER, pistor ; fumarius ; famariam 
exercens (pistor is the slave employed in 
baking ; fitmariua, the freeman ezercising 
the trade) : a baker of fancy bread, pistor 
dulciarius, or merely dulciarius : a baker's 
wife, fumarium exercentis uxor (Suet., 
ViL, 2) : a female baker, pistrix (Varr., L. 
£., 5, 31, § 138) : t4« guild of bakers, * cor- 
iras, collegium fumariorum : a baker's 
apprentice, fumarium exercentis (accord- 



yard ; seldom pair of scales) : lanx (the 
scale of the balance) : to weigh in a bal- 
ance, pendere ; trutind examinare (Cic, 
De Or., 2, 38, 159) : not to weigh tn too 
nice a balance, non aurificis stateri, sed 
populari trotind examinare : librare. 
II Equality of weight, momentum par 
[not tequiHbritas, or aequilibrium. Vid. 
Diet.]. The balance is destroyed, portio- 
num squitas turbatur : to disturb the bal- 
ance of the mind, sequitatem animi tur- 
bare (Sen.) : in a balance, pari momento, 
or snis ponderibus libratus : to maintain 
a balance of power, providere, ne squa 
civitatum conditio turbetur : to lose oit^s 
balance, labL || That which is want- 
ing to make equal, or the differ- 
ence, quod reliquum restaL || Of a 
watch, libramentum. || Fig., considera- 
tio; reputatio; deUberatio; comparatio. 
BALANCE, v., || to keep in equilib- 
rium, aUquid euis ponderibus librare. 
Intb., suis ponderibus librari (afier Cic, 
Tusc, 5, 24, 69) : librare ; pendere ; pen- 
sare ; ponderare ; trutind examinare : to 
balance virtues and vices against each 
other, perpendete vitia virtutesque: to 
balance every word, miumquodque ver- 
bum statera examinare ( f'arr.. Non., 455, 
21; Cic, De Or., 2, 38, 159). (| To bal- 
ance an account, rationes consolidare 
(Cic). II yo balance or make equal, 
adsequare aliquid cum aliquo. 

BALANCER, pensitator : to be a most 
minute balancer of words, esse verborum 
pensitatorem subtilissimum (Gell., 17, 1). 
BALCONY, podium : Maenianum (in 
the circus, to view the games. Vid. Bremi, 
Suet., Cal., 18) : solarium denotes a sort 
of terrace on the houses of the Rtymans, for 
basking tn the sun. 

B.ALD, glaber (ift^of, by nature or by 
shearing ; applies to the parts of the body, 
but not of the head, where hair is wanting ; 
and to places where plants, trees, &C., 
should stand) : calms (without hair or 
feathers by nature, or through old age: 
with reference to men, it merely applies to 
the head; with reference to animaU, to the 
whole body) : bald in front, prscalTus : 
bald behind, recalmis (both post-August- 
an) : a bald head, calvitinm (not calTities 
or capitis levitas) : bald places, where 
nothing grows, glabreta, orum, n.: to be 
bald, calvere ; calirum ease ; glabrere ; 
glabmin esse : to grow bald, calvum fieri ; 
glabrum fieri: to be growing bald, cal- 
vescere ; giabrescere : to make bald, cal- 
Tum fiicere; glabrum facere; glabrare. 
^^ According to DOderlein, laevis, levis 
(.Alios), means smooth, in opposition to 
rough and rugged, and gives a pleasant 
im p re ssi on of elegance; whereas glaber 
(yXa^piii), in opposition to rough, cov- 
ered with hair, and grown up, and gives 
an unpleasant impression of deficiency. 
\\ Unadorned, inelegant (of style) : 
inomatus : incomtus : incultus : impoli- 
tus: exilis. \\ Mean, worthless: ab- 
jectus : hnmilis : rilis. 

B.\LDERDASH, farrago (with reference 
to the contents), sartago (with reference to 
the words, Pers.). 

BALD-HEAD, calritium (not calrities). 
II He who has a bald head, calvus (by 
nature or age : opposed to comatus) : pilia 
defectus (by asre, Phad., 5, 7, 2). 
B.\LDNESS, calvities ; capitis levitas. 
BALDRIC, cingulum, zona (the former 
as genuine Latin, zona as derived from 
the Greek, Xmvj) : zona applies especially to 
the finely-wrought girdles of females; both 
apply to the division of the earth, and the 
girdle in which money is carried). || " The 
baldric of the heaven^ (Spens.), the zodi- 
ac, orbis or circulua ei^iifer; circulns, 
qui signifer vocatar ; also merely signifer 



{ac-Mrding to Tac, Ann., 15, 34, 3) : 6a- 



ra^ to Suet., Vit.. 2), or pistrinae atuinnufl* by laUr writers the Greek term zodiacus 



C^wjiocdf) was introduced. 



BALL 

BALE, flftcis, * fasds mercium (^ 
goods) : to make into bale-t, * in fasces cal> 
ligare ; merces in fasciculus coUigare. A 
keaoy bale, mercium moles. || Calami 
ty, miseiia ; res miserae or afficts ; c»- 
lMf¥*it»w ; mahnn ; damnum. 

BALEJ'UL, infelix; miser; calamito- 
sns ; luctuosus ; pemiciosus ; exitiosua ; 
exitialis ; funestns ; to be baleful, pemici^i 
esse ; nocere. 

BALE OUT, e., exhanrire : not exan- 
tlare m good prose. 

BALK, II a beam, tignum; trabs. 
\\ Between two fields: confiniom 
(space left uncultivaud, to divide two 
Judds, Beier ad Cic, De Off., 2, 18, 64) : 
Umea {cross^way forming the boundtsrg 
between two fields. Sail, Varr., JR. R., 1, 16, 
6, where limes et confinium). || Disap- 
pointment, frustratio; Indificatio. 

BALK, r., II disappoint, frustrate: 
fraudare (the proper word to cheat, injure, 
or rob any body by an abuse of his confi- 
dence) : decipere (fo dtoaoe ; outwit by m 
suddenly aeeuled plot) : circumvaiira 
(outwit by €tn artfully laid plot) : destitn- 
ere (to Uaee in tie larch ; also, to dteeiee, 
beguile of: deos mercede. Hot.: spem, 
Im^ : frustraie, nunc commonly fm^rari 
(fo let any body apect in vain the fulfH- 
wtent of a promise or hope : aliquem spe 
auxilii. Lis.: exspectatlonem alicujua, 
Plin. : spes me frustrata est, Ter.) : eln- 
defe (to make sport of; also, to evade as 
attack : aliquem ; manus scrutantiuin, 
Petr. : vim legis, ^let.) : ludificari (ea, qua 
hoetes agerent, Liv.) : ad vanum or ad 
irritum, or vanum et irritum redigere (» 
render what has been done useless) : dis- 
tnrbare (throw into confusion, and so da- 
stray). To balk any bodfs hope, ezpectm- 
tion, Su:., spem fallere, ludere or destitn- 
ere : to be balked, faUi (to be deceived) ; ir- 
ritum fieri; ad irritum cadere, recidere 
or venire : to see one's expectation balkei, 
spem perdere ; spe excidere ; a spe dean 
dere ; sjje dejici ; spes ad irritum cadit 
or redigitur : frustrari spe (SaU.) : spes 
aUqaem frustrata est (Ter.). To balk all 
a man's plans, conturbare alicui omnes 
rationes. Death has balked all his hopes 
and plans, onmem spem atque omnia vitas 
consiliamorspervertit. H Omit, refuse, 
Vid. W Attempt to shun, eludere (ali- 
quem; bastas) : declinare (impetum,Cic). 

BALL, (I any round body, pila:_ m 
ball to throw or play with, pHa with or with- 
out \usona. The Romans had four Hnda 
of balls: {da trigiwalis or trigtm (a small, 
hard ball ttufed with hair, played by thres 
persons wko stood in the form of a triauglt, 
each strHdng it to the other with the hand 
or with a racket. Mart., 4, 19, 5 : to piag 
with tUs ball was datetim pil4 ludere, 
PlauL, Cure, 2^ 3, 17): folljs: folliculus 
(a large leathern ball, also called foUis po- 
gUlatorius. According to Georges and 
the Dictionary of Antiquities, it nos JSled 
with air ; but Martial would seem to aofa 
it stuffed with feathers: plnmea seulaxi 
partiris pondera foUis, 4, 19, 7. To pUtf 
with this ball was, pila expnlsim ludiere, 
Varr. tn Non., 104, 27) : paganica (a large 
ball, but smaller than the folHs : tt «u 
ttt^ed with feathers, and played with in iki 
open air, in country districts, &c. : in pa- 
eis) : harpastum (afsaarov, apir&M : a 
ball fiUed with doth, feathers, lac It wa» 
played by two parties, each of which endeav- 
ored to snatch it from the other and keep 
it from them ) hence Mart. : sive harpas- 
ta manu pulverulenta rapis, 4, 19, 6): 
lo throw a ball, pilam jactaie or mittere : 
to return a ball, pilam remittcre: reper- 
cotere or retorquere: the bail slips, pila 
e manibus labitur : lo keep the ball up, pi- 
lam cadentem revocare : to raise it up 
again after it has fallen, repetere pilam, 
quae terram contigit : to play at ball, pil^ 
ludere ; pilA se exercere ; pila exerceri : 
to be fond of playing at baU, ludere studi- 
oeepila: pilae studio teneri : a good play- 
er at ball, lusor bonus or exercitatus et 
doctns, opposed to tiro et indoctus : a 
play-fellow at ball, coQusor: we are but 
balls in the hands of the gods, dii nos qua 
si pilas homines babcnt (PlauL, Cajt. 
PrU., 22) : a billiard-ball, * globulus ebur- 
neus. Foot 6ait follu, foQiculus. iAnt 
SL 



BAN 

ound mags, globus, pilaJ^ The tank- 
ball, pila terree ; or, better, globus terrae. 
The eyeball, pupula, pupilla, acies. The 
ball of tlu: thigh-bone, caput ossis femoris. 
Ink-ball, used in printing, * folUculus ty- 
pographicus. 2'Ae ball of the foot, plantai 
pars exstantior. For musket-ball we may 
say glans ; for can7ton-ball, globus ; for 
bomb, pila. {| A little ball, globulus, pilu- 
la, folliculus. II An entertainment 
for dancing, saltatio : to give a ball, 
saltationem instituere : to go to a ball, 

* saltatum ire : to be at a ball, saltationi 
interesse. 

BALLAD, perhaps carmen epicolyri- 
cum. A street-ballad, carmen triviale 
(Juven., 7, 55, Ruperti) : ballad-singer, 

* cantor circumforaneus. 

BALLAST, saburra : to lade a ship with 
ballast, navein saburra gravare ; navem 
saburrare. 

BALLET, pantomlraus : embolium 
(,Cic. : interlude, C. Sest, 54, 116). Ballet- 
master, *qui pantomimum docet. Ballet- 
dancer, pantomimus {fern, pantomima) : 
emboliaria {of a female, Plin.). 

BALLOON, *machma aerobatica (cdr- 
balloon). 

BALLOT, * globorum suffragia : to bal- 
lot, ' globis suftragia ferre : a ballot-ball, 
globus ; tessera ; calculus : a ballot-box, 
arcula ; capsula ; cistula, in qud tessera) 
coiiduntur : to ballot, * globis sutfragia 
ferre. 

B.-\LL-ROOM, locus quo utriusque sex- 
ils juvenes saltandi causa venlunt {after 
Cic, Leeh. 15, 36) : * CBcus in quo saltant. 

BALM, balsamum: opol)alsamum: bal- 
sam! succus or lacrima {I'lin., 12, 25, 54) : 
balsami oleum {Plin . 23, 4, 47) : unguen- 
tum ; fomentum. || Fig., solatium {com- 
fort) : fomentum {soothing application). 

BALMY, II of balm; balsaminus {j3a\- 
a ^tivoi, Plin., 2.3, 4, 47). || Smelling 
of balm, balsamOdes {(iaXaaiJwSrii, Plin., 
12, 19, 43) : suaves odores spargens : to 
emit balmy odors, suaves odores spargore : 
flowers emit a balmy fragrance, suaves 
odores aiflantur e floribus. || Soft, mol- 
lis, lenis, dulcis, suavis. 

BALSAM. Vid. Balm. 

BALSAMIC. Vid. Balmy. 

BALUSTRADE, pluteus or pluteum : 
cancelU : clathri. 

BAMBOO, arundo Indica : calamus In- 
dicus {Plin., 16, 36, 65: arundo Bambos, 
Liv.) : bamboo spears, hastaj graminesB ( C. 
Verr., 4, 50, 125). 

BAMBOOZLE, circuravonire ; illudere 
et destituere ; fraudem or fallaciam alicui 
facere ; dolum alicui nectere, confingere ; 
fallere ; alicui imponere : alicui fucum 
facere : aliquem circumducore (= lead 
him by the nose. Com.) : alicui verba dare 
[Syn. in Decf.ive]. He got his associ- 
ates into a scrape, deceived, abandoned, 
and completely bamboozled them, socios in- 
duxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et 
pertidia fefellit {Cic). 

BAMBOOZLEIl, fraudator: homo ad 
fallendum paratus or instructus : circum- 
scriptor : pra^stigiator : deceptor : a com- 
plete bamhoozlcr, homo ad fraudem acu- 
tus ; veterator ; homo totus ex fraude 
factus : to be a complete bamboozler, totum 
ex fraude et fallaciis constare. 

BAN, II are interdiction: (1) Secu- 
lar, !H{MH' et ignis interdictio : to place 
under a ban, aqua et igni interdicere ali- 
cui. (2) Ecclesiastical, ^acriticiorura 
interdictio ; anathema, atis, n., excom- 
municatio : to place under a ban, sacrifi- 
ciis interdicere alicui {Ctrs., B. G., 6, 13, 
where the eTjrression is thus ezplainnd ; 
quibus ita int(.>rdictum, ii numero impio- 
rum «c scelcratorum habentur; iis om- 
nes decedunt, aditum coram sermonem- 
que dcfuLiuiit, ne quid ex contagione in- 
commoiH accipiant; neque iis petentibus 
jus redditur, neque honos ullus commu- 
nicatur) ; aliqufin anathematizare ; ex- 
communicnre {Keel.) ; also devovere ali- 
quem. \\ Curse, exsecratio ; devotio ; 
imprecatio. \\Bans of marriage, 

* prajconia sponsalitia: * i'uturarum nuji- 
tianim promulgatio. In the canon la'.n, 
proclamationes sponsi et sjjonsa; in vc 
clefiiis fun solitiH || Ban of the empire, 
proEcriptio a)) imperatore et ordinibua 



B ANI 

Germanias irrogata, and from context 
merely proscriptio. 

B.AN, v., exsecrari ; devovere ; diras 
alicui imprecari; aliquem detestari; de- 
testari in caput alicujua minas et pericu- 
la : detestari in caput alicujus iram deo- 
rum. According to Doderlein, exsecrari 
means "to curse," when one would exclude 
a guilty person from human society, as de- 
voted to the infernal gods, in opposition to 
blessing ; detestari means ''to curse," 
when one wishes to deprecate evil by an ap- 
peal to the gods against a person or thing, 
in opposition to "praying in behalf of." 
{Hand-book, p. 1.) 

BAND, s., II that which binds, vin- 
culum : ligamen ; ligamentum. \\ That 
which binds together, copula. || J^or 
the hair, redimiculum ; ttenia ; fascia. 
\\ For wounds, fascia; vinctura; liga- 
mentum ad vulnus deligandum : mitella 
(for a broken arm). \l An ornament 
for the head, vitta ; infula (for the 
priests); lemniscus {ribbon of a garland). 
II Of iron about a beam, armilla. \\A 
troop or company, globus; turba ; ca- 
terva ; grex ; manipulus ; turma {of cav- 
alry) ; manus ; multitudo : bands of rob- 
bers, latronum globus ; a band of conspir- 
ators, conjuratorum globus : armed bands, 
armatorum copia. 

BAND, v., sociare ; consociare ; se jun- 
gere ; se conjungere aiicui or cum aliquo ; 
se conjungere cum copiis alicujus ; arma 
consociare cum aliquo ; signa conferre 
ad aliquem. 

BANDAGE, s., fascia ; ' {if smalt) fasci- 
61a ; ligamentum ad vulnus deligandum ; 
vinctura. 

BANDAGE, v., deligare, alligare, obli- 
gare. 

BANDBOX, capsa ; capsula. 

BANDIT, sicarius {one who lends and 
hires out his hand to a secret assassiita- 
tion) : also, fro7n conte.it, insidiatoT; latro. 

B.ANDY, ultro citro agere, modo hue 
modo illuc pulsare. \\ Agitate, agitare, 
vexare, exagitare. |J To bandy looks, 
fidenter inter se aspicere : words with 
one, verba commutare cum aliquo {as a 
friend) ; cum aliquo altercari. 

BANDY-LEGGED, vams ; valgus ; va- 
tius ; cruribus varis, or valgis, or vatiis : 
compernia : varus and valgus mcaii bent 
outward, or " bow-legged ;" vatius and 
compernis, bent inward, or "knock-kneed." 

BANE (poiso/i), venenum, virus. \\That 
which destroys, pestis, peruicies: rum, 
mischief pernicies, exitium. 

BANEFUL, venenatus ; veneno imbu- 
tus, infectus or tinctus. || Fig., acerbus ; 
perniciosus ; exitiosus ; exitialis ; funes- 
tus ; damnosus: to be baneful, perniciei 
esse; nocere : who does not hiow that this 
is of a baneful nature ? quis non intelligit 
hanc rem nocere ! 

BANEFULNESS, vis nocendi {Tac, 
Ann., 15, 34) : natm-a perniciosa, tjxitialis, 
or damnosa. 

BANG, s., percussio ; percussus ; plaga 
[vid. Blow] : a bang on the head, percus- 
sio capitis : a bang at the door, pulsus ostii. 
II A noise, ingens fragor, or ingens sonitus. 

BANG, v., pulsare aliquid aliqua re : 
percutere aliquid aliqua re : to bang one's 
head against the wall, caput illidi're or 
impingere parieti ; i. e , with a murderous 
intention from despair: to bang any body 
with fists, aliquem pugnis ca.'dere or cola- 
phis pulsare : with a stick, aliquem fu^ti 
verborare : to be an adept in banging and 
biali?ig, ad pulsandos verbcnmdosque 
homines exercitati.ssimum e.s.se : to bang 
or drub soundly, nmlcare, with or without 
male. 

BANISH, alicui aqu& et igni interdice- 
re, exsilio afficere, in exsilium agere or 
exigere, ex urbe or ex civitate pelkre, 
expellere, ejicere, exturbare ; relcgare 
{to a certain place, without dej/riving of 
the rights of a citizen and of one's proper- 
ty) : deportare {to transport to a distant, 
desert place; this was the severest kind of 
banishment, and subjected a person to the 
h.^s of citizenship and of property, and cut 
oj all hope of return) : for ten years, rrle- 
gare in decern annos : any one to an i.«i- 
and, alicniem relegare, deportnre, proji- ' 
cere in in^ulaIn. || Fig., to banish doubt. 



B A NN 

expellere dubitationem ; all suspicion, 
delere omnem suspicionem ex animo ) 
love from the heart, amorem ex animo eji- 
cere, amovere : the authority of the senate 
from the state, exterminare auctoritatem 
senatus e civitate : to banish sorro7c, moBs- 
titiam ex animis pellere. A banished 
man, exsul {who has been driven from his 
comitry, or has fled from it in order to es- 
cape from punishment) : extorris patrid, 
extorris {as being homeless, without refer- 
ence to punishment) ; relegatus, depor- 
tatus. 

BANISHMENT, interdictio aquas et ig- 
nis, ejectio : involuntary, to a distant, des- 
ert place, and attended with the forfeituri 
of the rights of citizenship, deportatio : ta 
an appointed place, with no forfeiture, rel- 
egatio : exsilium {state of banishment, vol- 
untary or involuntary). To go into ban- 
ishment, in exsilium ire, proficisci, per- 
gere ; exsulatum ire, abire ; solum ver- 
tere exsilii causd, solum mutare. To live 
in banishment, in exsilio esse, exsulaii. 
To return from banishment, exsilio redire. 
Place of banishment, exsilium : to recall 
from banishment, revocare de or ab ex- 
silio ; reducere de exsilio ; in patriam re- 
vocare, or restituere. 

BANK, II of a river, ripa. A steep 
bank, ripa ardua, locus arduus : precipi- 
tous, ripa prasrupta, prsceps ; locus prie- 
ruptus, prasceps ; prasceps, prsecipitium. 
II Heap of ea^th, agger; moles; tumu- 
lus; ciivusi locus editior. \\Bank of 
oars, scamnum ; transtrum. \\ Sand- 
bank, syrtis (<n!/)T(S); or, in pure Latin, 
pulvinus {Serv., ad Mn., 10, 303). || For 
money, mensa publica ; argentaria, 2Ci(A 
or without mensa ; * ajrarium mercato- 
rum : to put money in the bank, pecimiam 
apud mensam publicam occupare ; to pay 
from the bank, a mensd publica numera- 
re : the person who does this, mensarius. 
II Of a gaming-house, *arca aleato- 
ria : to break the bank at a single throw, 
* totam aleatoris arcam uno jactu exhau- 
rire. 

BANK, v., molem or aggerem exstrue- 
re : to bank a river in, fiuvium extra ri- 
pas diffluentem coercere. {| To bank 
with ; deposit in a bank, pecuniam 
apud argentarios deponere. 

BANKER, argcntarius; mensarius; nu- 
mularius : to be a banker, argentariam fa- 
cere : to be an eminent banker, maximam 
argentariam facere. 

BANK-NOTE, * tessera mensae publi- 
cse. 

BANKRUPT, fere dirutus : deeoctor 
(through extravagance) : bonis eversua : 
a fraudulent bankrupt, creditonun irau- 
dator : to become a bankrupt, a mensa sur- 
gere ; dissolvere argentariam (of a banJt- 
cr) ; cedere foro {of a tradesma^i) : con- 
turbare (absolutely) : corruere, cadere (op- 
posed to stare) : decoquere, with or with- 
out crcditoribus ; a>re dinii : to become 
a complete bankrupt, naufragium omni- 
um fortunarum fiiccre : to become a bank- 
rupt through misfortune, and not by 
one's own fault, fortuna? vitio non suo de- 
coquere : to be near being a bankrupt, in 
wre alieno vacillare. |^^^ Observe that 
decoquere is used for one who, by a pri- 
vate nrransjcment, assigns his property to 
his creditors. 

BANKRUPTCY, ruiniB or naufragium 
fortunanun ; naufragium or eversio rei 
familiaris: tiibulie novte (of a state; nete 
debt-books for the adrant/ige of the debtor) : 
to declare one's bankruptcy, ieims et im. 
pendium rrcusare : a person is on the 
verge of bankruptcy, fortunarum ruinaj 
alicui impendent: it amounts to a 7iation- 
al bankruptcy, res ad tabulas novas per- 
venit. 

B.ANNER, signum militare, or signum 
oi}ly ; vexillum : to raise the ban7ier or 
standard, signum or vexillum proponcre; 
vexillum toUere : to lo7cir the banner or 
.standard, vexilhim suhmittere : to fight 
7inder any body's banners, signa alicujua 
sequi ; castra alicujus sequi : to desert any 
body's banners, signa militaria relinquere ; 
a sign is discedere : to return to the banners, 
rji siima se reci])ere. 

BANNIAN (a sort of light undress), per- 
haps vestis domestica. 



BAR 

BANNISTERS {corrupted from Balus- 
Tebs). epimedion (Inscript. Orell.). 

FANN'OCK, an oaten cake, placenta 
aveuacea; pania avenaceus. 

BANQUET, epulae {general term for 
tuai, whether frugal or sumptuous, wheth- 
er en famiOe or with guests, at home or in 
public): conviTiiun (a sodal, eonvirial 
meal) : dapes (a religious meal ; a feast on 
the oferin^s) : epvdum (a soiem» meal, 
mostbf poluical, in honor of sowuthing): 
comiasado (a gormandizing meal ; a 
feast) : to prepare a banquet, convivimn 
mstruere, apparare, comparare, omare, 
exomare : to gire a banquet, ccenam or 
epolum alicui dare : to hold a banquet, 
convivium habere, agere : to go to a ban- 
quet, convivium jnire ; se convivio redde- 
re : lo in-ite to a banquet, aliquem ad CCB- 
nam inTitare or vocare : to be at a ban- 
quet, convivio interesse. I>th^ conviva- 
ri ; epulari apad aliquem : convivium cel- 
ebrare : sumptuously, saliarem in modum 
epulari 

BANTER, v., ludibrio sibi habere ali- 
quem ; aliquem inidere {to laugh at) : 
aliquem deridere {to mod) : aliquem cav- 
iUaii {mock in a bantering, ironical way) : 
to banter any body icith bitter irony, acer- 
bis facetiis aliquem irridere: any body 
about any thing, aliquid ludibrio habere ; 
aliquid irridere or deridere : jocari in al- 
iquid ; aliquid carillari : per ludibrium 
esprobrare alicui aliquid. 

BANTER, «, irrisio (derisus, post-Au- 
gustan ; derisio is very late, Arnob^ Lac- 
tant.) : cavillatio ; ludibrium ; ludns ; jo- 
cus: to be the subject of any body's banter, 
alicui ludibrio esae. 

BANTLING, infans ; pusio, onis, m. 

BAPTISM, baptif ma, atis, n. {^aTrriaiia), 
or Latinized, baptismum {Eccl.) : pure 
iMtin, * sancta lavatio : register of bap- 
tism, *tabuls, in quas infantium. qui ea- 
cris Christianis ininati sunt, nomina refe- 
mntur. Certificate of baptism, vjd. Bap- 
tismal. 

B.APTISMAL. ad baptismum pertinens : 
baptismal font, baptisterium : baptismal 
name, pra^nomen : baptismal certificate, 
*literae, qua aliquem sacris Christianis in- 
itiatam esse testantur : to give a baptismal 
certificate, * alicui Uteris testari, eum sacris 
Christianis initiatum esse ; or {if the date 
is the point) * alicui Uteris testari, quo die 
sacris Christianis initiatus fuerit 

B.iPTIST, baptists, a;, m. {JuxTKiTiji). 

B.\PTIZE, baptizare (Eccl.): * sacris 
Christianis initiare : to see that a child is 
baptized, *infantein sacris Christianis ini- 
tiandum curare. 

B.\R, Wbetween two rafters, tignum 
transversum. \\For fastening doors, 
repagnlum; obex: pessulus; sera; claus- 
trum : to remove the bar, repagulum, or 
pessulum, or seram removere ; seram 
demere ; domum or januam reserare : 
to burst the bars, repagula convellere ; 
claustra refringere. || Where causes 
are tried, judices : subsellia : forum. 
On my first appearance at the bar, ut pri- 
mum forum attigi He has left the bar, 
salutem dixit foro. The bar requires a 
good, strong voice, subsellia graviorem et 
pleniorem vocem desiderant. To plead 
at the bar, causas .agere. The bar {advo- 
cates. Sec.), patroni causarum, jurisconsul- 
ti; corpus jurisconsultorum. \\ Of a tav- 
ern, cancelli ||/n music, linea trans- 
versa, y ./In oi«(ac{<, impedimentum ; 
mora, y Of gold, silver, later aureus; 
later argenteus : »t/r£r in bars, argen- 
tum non signatum formd, sed rudi pon- 
dere {Curt' 5, 2, 12). 

BAR, ||to fasten with a bar, obse- 
rare ; ostium or fores obserare ; pessnlo 
januam claudere or occludere ; pessulum 
foribus or ostio obdere. HFio., to ob- 
struct, impedire aliquem ab aliqud re, or 
mertl'^ aliqua re {never in aliqua re) ; im- 
pedimento esse alicui (alicui rei) ; ad ali- 
quid (ner«r in aliqua re) impedimentum 
aSerre alicui rei faciend» ; obstare or of- 
ficere alicui and alicui rei alicujus. |{ To 
forb id, vetare with an accusative and in- 
finitive following : interdicere alicui ali- 
qui re (in the Golden Age, never alicui 
aliquid. or with ne following, denotes pow- 
er to vreventi : alicui praeicere, with ne 



B AR6 

I or nt ne, denotes warning ; interdicere al- 
j icui domo sui {Suet., Oct., 66). || To pre- 
I cent, arcere aliquem re or ab aliqui re : 
propulsare aliquid ab aliquo, or aliquem al- 
I iqua re, or ab aliqui re. || Except, ex- 
j elude: 6arr«n^, excepto,-ft,-i3; nisi. Bar- 
I ring that, illud si exceperis, exchiaeris. 
B.\R-.M.AID, ministra canponie {Re- 
script of Constantine, Cod. Just., 9, 9, 29). 
B.'VRB, il a Biirbary horse, equua Pu- 
nicus or Numidicus. || Of an arrow, 
uncus; hamus. 

B.iRBACAN, il a watch tower, specu- 

1 la. II A loop-hole, fenestra ad tonnenta 

! mittenda relicta {Caes., B. C..2, 9, extreux). 

I B.\RBARIAN, barbanis {foreign, with 

the accessory notion of the want ofdvUiza- 

I tion) : rudis, hebes et impolitns ; human- 

1 itatis expers. || Cruel, immanis ac bar- 

! barus : like a barbarian, barbare ; inhu- 

' mane ; sere ; crudeliter : to speak like a 

barbarian, barbare loqui : the speech of a 

barbarian, sermo horridulus atque in- 

comtus. 

BARB.\RIC, ||/orei>n, barbaricuA 
B.\RB-\RISM(iinco«t* expression), 
barbarismus. || CKUEtTT, Vid. 

B.\RBARITY, barbaria ; barbaiies 
(rudeness and ignorance) : immanitas, 
crudelitas, sa;vitia {cruelty) : to cure any 
body of barbarity, aliquem mansuefacere 
atque excolere. 

B.\RB.iROUS. [Vid. Cbcel.] Barba- 
rous Latin, sermo horridulus atque in- 
comtus. 
BARBED, hamatus ; hamis instructus. 
B.ARBEL, a sort of river fish, barbus : 
muUus {sea-barbel) : miiHus lutarius {fen- 
barbel). 

B-\RBER, tonsor : to opiate as barber, 
radere or abradere barbam alicujus {with 
a razor, novacula) : tondere alicujus bar- 
bam {with a pair of scissors, forfex): some- 
times to use scissors, sometimes a razor, mo- 
do tondere, modo radere barbam {SueL, 
Oct., 79) : the art or business of a barber, 
tonstrinum {Pctron., 46," 7, and 64, 4) : to 
teach the business of a barber, aliquem ton- 
strinum docere ; aliquem tondere doce- 
re : a barber's knife or razor, culter ton- 
sorius or novacula : a barber's instru- 
ments, ferramenta tonsoria {Mart., 14, 36) : 
a barber's shop, tonstrina ; tabema tonso- 
ris : a femals barber, tonstrix : of or be- 
longing lo a barber, tonsorius. 

B.\RD, bardus (t) : rates : the song of 
the bards, bardorum or vatum carmen. 
t^^ Bamj properly means " a Druidical 
poet," but is also used for " a poet" in 
general ; but in the latter sense should be 
translated rates, and not poeta. for poeta 
is a technical expression, and denotes a 
poet only as an artist ; whereas rates is an 
old Latin and religious expression, and 
denoting a poet as a sacred person. Vid. 
Doderlein's Hand-book, p. 31. 

BARE, nudus {like yviitoi, uncovered 
and unprotected) : apertus {without cover- 
ing ; opposed to tectus ; post-.4iigustan. in- 
opertus): non tectus {after Augustus, in- 
tectus). WDetected, manifestus. WPlain, 
nudus, inomatus, simplex i| Poor, nu- 
dus, egenns, inops. || Th read-bare, tri- 
tus, atainis, obsoletus. || Of style, jeju- 
nus, exilia. || Mere, merus, sincerus. 
II Bare-headed, capite detecto or aperto : 
to sleep on the bare ground, humi cubare: 
to make bare, nudare, aperire : bare-faced, 
impudens ; procax. A barefaced fellow, 
homo perfrictae frontis : barefacedness, 
impudentia : os impudens, or durum, or 
ferreum : to make a bare-faced request, 
impudenter aliquid postulare : bare-foot, 
nudis pedibus. 

B.\REFACED. ) ,-. , „ „ 
B.\REFOOT. I ^ '"■ ^-^*^- 
B.\RELY, rix ac ne rix quidem {aucpt- 
6<3s Koi iioXii) : rix tegreque {xaXcziis gat 
lidXii). 

B.iRENESS, circumlocution by adjec- 
tive under Bare, for nuditas is found but 
once {Quint., 10, 2, 23), and is there a 
doubtful reading. \\Leanness, macies 
{as a condition) : macritas {as a quality). 
II Poverty, paupertas; egestas. 

B.AJIGAIN, pactum : pactio : to make a 
bargain with any body, pacisci cum ali- 
quo ; pactionem facere. or conficere cum 
aliquo : to make a good bargain {=.pur- 



B ARB, 

chase), bene or recte emere : to make a 
bad bargain, male emere: to give into 
the bargain, * gratia addere: not to stick 
to one's bargain, ab emtione abire or re- 
cedere {Ulp., Dig., 2, 14, 7, § 6) : to be a 
good hand at a bargain, ad suom qoea- 
tum callere. 

BARG.\IN, c, pacisci cum aliquo ; pac- 
tionem fac€re, or conficere cum aliquo. 

B.\RGE. actuariolum; lenunculus; sc»- 
pha ; navicula ; navigiolum. 

B.^JvGEMAN, naricularius; portitor. 

BARK, ||tA« rind of a tree, cortex 
(fhe exterior) ; liber {the inner) : to live on 
the bark of trees, cortice ex arboribus ri- 
rere. || Peruvian bark, *cortex Pe- 
mrianus, or febrifugus : the bark-tree, * lin- 
chona (iir.). || ^ small ship, or ves- 
sel, scapha and cymba {of the broader 
sort) ; linter {long and narrow, like a ca- 
noe. Dud.). 

B.VRK, v., II to strip trees of bark. 
decorticare or delibrare arbores. \\Like 
a dog, baubari {to utter the natural sound 
of dogs) : latrare (n» a hostile manner) : 
latratus edere ; gannire applies to As 
"bow-wouf of a liale dog. Hence, figura- 
tively, latrare means to wrangle, and 
gannire to chatter. {DOderlan's Hand- 
book, p. 121.) " His bark is worse than Us 
bite," (canis timidus) rehementins latrat 
quam mordet {Prav., Curt., 7, 4, 7). 

BARLEY, hordeum : of barley, horde- 
aceus : barley-bread, panis bordeaceus : 
a field of barley, * ager hordeo conatOB : 
barley-corn, granum bordei: barley-meal, 
faiina hordeacea ; farina hordei : barleg- 
sugar, * alphanicum : barley-broth, ptisina 
(qu» fit ex hordeo understood, Plin., 30, 
25,66): ptisanarium(flbr, &t.,2,3,155): 
barley-water, hordeum in potnm resoln- 
tam {Plin., 18, 7, 12, no. 3, § 68). 

BARM, Wleavtn, fermentum faedbus 
zyttii ezpreseum. 

BARN, horreum : barn-fioor, area. 

BARNACLE, ||a kind of sea-fowl, 
anser marinus. '^ A farrier's instru- 
ment, postomis, idis, /. ^A sort of 
spectacles, * perspiciDum : btamade* 
had not yet been invented, * nondum oculi 
arte adjuti erant. 

BAROMETER, *barometnmi; * tu- 
bus Tonicellianus : fistula TorriceOiana 
(^ ^poneraov). 

BARON, *baro; * liber baro. 

B.^RONESS, *bar6nis uxor; *baro- 
nissa. 

B.\RONET, 'baronettns. 

BARONETAGE, *baronettinomeB ac 
dignitaa. 

BARONY, *baronatns, us, m.: to cre- 
ate a baron, *baronis disuitate ac nomine 
omare. 

BARRACK, togurium castrense ; con- 
tnbemium. 

BARREL, seria {a long cask) ; doUum 
{a round cask) : orca: cupa: cadus: wins 
from the barrel or cask, rinum de cnpS. 
B Of a gu n, *8clopeti tabus. i| A cyl- 
inder, cylindrus. 

BARREL, c, in dolium infundere. 

BARREN, infecundus {in reference to 
procreative power ; aUotolhesiril: opposed 
to fecundus) : sterilis (ta reference to pro- 
duetite power, what bears no fruit; also 
of the soil, of the year: opposed to fertilis, 
an^ [mr^ermee to tA««otr]opiinu3. Fig^ 
t* reference to the female sez). 

BARRENNESS, sterilitas {opposed to 
fertilitas). 

BARRICADE or BARRICADO, muni 
mentum : septum ; clansbTnn. 

BARRIC.U>E, v., obetruere (fo stop th, 
passage by placing things in a row) 
oi^ilare {by raising piles or some suck 
thags) : intersepine {by a fence) : open 
bus et naunitionibus sepire. Fig., prs» 
dudere. 

BARRIER, cancelli: septa, omm : finee, 
termini : to go beyond the barriers, extra 
cancellos egredi ; fines transire : to break 
tkrongk the barrien, in septa immpere : 
not to overstep tke barriers of modesty, tinea 
verecundise non transire. 

BARRISTER, causarum actor; eansi- 
dicus : patronus cause : to become a b<tr- 
rister, ad causae et priratas et pnbHcaa 
adire ; attingere forum ; coepit aliqnis in 
foro ease : a noisy. biuHtriitg bmrrister. 



B AS I 

rabula de foro ; rabula latratorque : to he 
a, barrister, causas agere, actitare ; causas 
dicere in foro ; versari in foro : to employ 
a barrister, adoptare sibi patronum ; de- 
ferre causam ad patronum : the uccufa- 
tion of a barrister, opera t'orensis, causidi- 
catio ; advocatio ; patrocinium : a barris- 
ter's fee, *merce3 advocati; honorarium 
causidici. 

BARROW, II a vehicle moved by 
the hand, ferculum; vehiculum trusa- 
tile. A mound, tumulus ; grumus (tu- 
mulus, like oxdos, means either a natural 
or artificial elevation ; grumua, only an 
artificial elevation, like xw/au). || A hog, 
verres castratus ; majalis. 

BARTER, v., INTK., mutare res inter 
se {general term) : mutare or permutare 
merces : mutare or permutare aliquid : 
■with any body, res mutare cum a'.iquo 
{general term) ; merces mutare cum ali- 
quo ; do you wish to barter? \m' com- 
mutemus ? tr., commutare aliquid : one 
thing for another, mutare aliquid aliqua 
re or {mostly) cum aliqua re ; permutare 
aliquid aliqua re. 

BARTER, s., mutatio ; permutatio mer- 
cium : mutatio ementiura {the barter of 
persons making 2'"rchases in this way, 
Tac.) : to purchase by barter, res inter se 
mutare; emere (singula) non pecuniS,sed 
compensatione mercium. To introduce 
traffic by barter, res inter se mutare insti- 
tuere. 

BASE, illiberalis {unworthy of a gen- 
tleman) : abjectus {despicable) : turpis 
{shameful) : improbus {unprincipled) : 
foedus {abominable) : a base design, ice- 
dum consilium. || Base-born, nullo pa- 
tre natus ; incerto patre natus ; spurius ; 
nothus {rodos, born out of wedlock : op- 
posed to justi uxore natus ; legitirau;-) : 
adulterine sanguine natus. || Base coin, 
nummi or numi adulterini : to make base 
coin, pecunias vitiare {Eutrop., 9, 14) ; 
monetam adulterinam exercere ( Ulp., 
Dig., 48, 13, 6, § 1) ; numos adulterinos 
percutere {Suet., Ner., 25). || Of base 
extraction, humili or ignobili, obscuro 
or tenui loco ortus ; humili fortuna or- 
tus : of the basest extraction, inf ima; con- 
ditionis et fortunaj ; intimus ; sordido 
loco ortus ; infimi ordinis or generis ; in- 
fimsB sortis. 

BASE, basis; fundamcntum. \\Fcd- 
cstal, stylobates {aTyXofjarrig.) \\ Of a 
mountain, radices mentis (?io«pes men- 
tis). 11^ iase ijotcc, vox gravis or ima 
(t) ; Bonus gravis : deep base, sonus gra- 
vissimus : to sing a base, voce ima cane- 
re (t) : a base-viol, * tides gravioris soni : 
a player on the base-viol, * gravioris soni 
fidicen : base notes, *notffi vocis imse. 

BASELY, illiberaliter ; abjecte et sine 
dignitate ; turpiter ; turjjiter et nequiter ; 
fcsde: to act basely tojcard any body, tur- 
piter in aliquem esse malevolum : I'd 
rather do any thing than act basely, exti- 
Kiesco, ne quid turpiter faciam. 

BASENESS, ilUberalitas ; animus ab- 
jectus ; improbitas; ignavia ; nequitia. 

BASHAW, satrapes or satrapa; prs- 
fectus ; purpuratus. 

BASHFUL, pudens ; pndlcus ; vere- 
cundus ; pudibundus. Ji"^ Pudlcus and 
pudens denote an habitual feeling ; pudi- 
Imndus, a temporary state, Dod. Svn. in 
Bashfjjlness. 

BASHFULLY, pudenter, verecunde ; 
toodeste. 

BASHFULNESS, pudor {general term, 
as a sense of honor, both as a preventive 
feeling and as shame for having done any 
thing disgraceful) : pudicitia {natural 
shame, aversion to be exposed to the gaze 
of others, and its fruit, chaste sentiment ; 
bashfulness) : verecundia {dread of doing 
any thing that will make us feel ashamed 
before those whom we respecx). Jn. pudor 
et verecundia ; pudicitia et pudor; pudor 
pudicitiaque. Vid. Shame. 

BASHJsK, basiliscus. 

BASIN, pelvis : aqualis {for washing) : 
aquae manale {for the hands), Varr. : in 
later writers, aquiminalc, aquiminarium, 
Pand.) : malluvium {at a sacrifice, for the 
kaiids, Paul.. Fest.) : labrum; crater (/or 
the reception of spring-water) : navide (for 
thips^. II Small pond, piscina, piscinu- 
54 



BATH 

la. \\ Reservoir, castellum, dividiculum 
{whence it was carried by pipes, &c.). 
II Co »e, sinus (maris or maritimus). 

BASIS. Vid. Base. 

BASK, apricari. 

BASKET, corbis {general term, espe- 
cially a larger sort of basket, in husband- 
ry, for collecting fruits: corbis messoria) : 
fiscus (a wicker-basket for holding money) : 
qualus or qualum {a closely-compacted 
wicker-basket of a conical shape, through 
which oil and must were strained: it also 
served other purposes in husbandry): qua- 
sillus {a lady's work-basket) : canistrum 
{Kavaarpov or Kavr/s, a basket for bread, 
fruits, &c.) : calathus {Kd}'adoS, a basket 
for wool or flowers, in the form of an open 
lily): sporta {a hand-basket made of 
broom, rushes, or willow : served, accord- 
ing to Ascon., ad Cic, I, Verr., 8, p. 280, 
ed. Schiltz, also to hold money): panarium 
{bread-basket): scii-pea {made of rushes) : 
a little basket, corbicula : corbula : fiscel- 
la : fiscellus : quasillus : sportula ; spor- 
tella {in these sportulaj the clients at tiie 
sumptuous banquets of rich patrons re- 
ceived their portions). 

BASKET-MAKER, *corbium textor ; 
* qui corbes ex vimine facit ; * qui cor- 
bes virgis contexit. 

BASKET-WOMAN, gcrula {post-Au- 
gustan). 

BASS, Win music. [Vid. Base.] \\A 
mat of straw or rushes, storea or 
storia ; matta. 

BASS-RELIEF {sculpture, the figures 
of which do not standout in their full pro- 
portion), protypon {opposed to ectypon, 
full relief, Plin., 35, 12, 43) : torcuma, 
atis, 71. {ropevyia), or pure Latin, coelatura, 
or ccelatum opus. 

BASSOON, *gingi'Tna major. 

BASTARD, nullo patre natus : incerto 
patre natus : spurius {the offspring of an 
unknown father and a prostitute : opposed 
to certus) : pellJce oi'tus : nothus {vdOoS, 
of a known father and a concubine : op- 
posed to justa uxore natus ; legitimus, 
Spald., Quint., 3, 6, 97) : adulterine san- 
gruine natus {poixt'^oS, where there is a vi- 
olation of the marriage contract, Plin., 7, 
2. 2). 

BASTE, ||(o beat soundly, verberi- 
bus caedere ; verberibus castigare ; ver- 
beribus or flagris implere ; male mulcare ; 
verberibus subigere or irrigare {comic) ; 
verberibus mulcare : with a stick, alicui 
fustem impingere : aliquem fuste coer- 
cere {Hor., for the purpose of keeping him 
in order). \\ To baste or besprinkle, 
perfundere : conspergere : rigare ; irri- 
gare ; instillare aliquid alicui rei. || To 
sew slightly, prajsuere {Plin., 12, 19, 
end). 

BASTINADO : to inflict the bastinado 
on any body, alicujus plantas virgis verbe- 
rare {Cic, Verr., 5, 43, 112) : there is no 
Latin substantive exactly corresponding to 
" bastinado :" ictus fustis or fustium ( Tac.) 
is the nearest. 

BASTION, propugnaculum {buhcark); 
castellum {Cats., B. G., i., 8, Uerz). 

BAT, II a winged a «im a Z, vespertilio. 
II A sort of club, clava; fustis. 

BATCH, \\kind. Of tlte same hatch, 
ejusdem generis {of the same kind) : ejus- 
dem farinis {equally bad: after Pers., 5, 

115)- , ... 

BATE, TR., lessen, mmuere: immi- 
nuere : deminuere aliquid, or aliquid de 
aliqudre: extcnuare: levare: sublevare: 
elevare : remittere aliquid or de aliqua re. 
[Syn. in Lessen.] 2'o bate one's breath, 
spiritum retinere : animam coraprimere. 
WLesteii the price of any thing. Sic, 
detrahere aliquid de aliqua re (e. g., de tota 
pecunia quinquagesimam partem) : dedu- 
cere, detrahere aliquid do summa : de- 
ductionem, decessionem de pecunid fa- 
cere : to bate 10 jier cent., *remi36ioncm 
centesimarum denarum facere. Intr., 
II minui : se minuere : also minucre only : 
imminui {to be lessened inwardly) : remit- 
ti, se remittere and remittere only {to 
leave off: of rain, cold, a fever, &e.) : le- 
vari : sublevari (to be lightened) : leniri, 
mitigari {to be softened). Anger abates, 
ira defervescit 

BATH, Wplace for bathing: bali- 



B ATT 

neum or balneum, plural balinese or ba^- 
neoB, seldom (with Cic. never) balinea or 
balnea : the plural is used when the hath- 
ing-placr consists of several rooms, and 
therefore more particularly apj:lics (o public 
baths. The divisions of the balinea were : 
cella frigidaria, or frigidarium, for cold 
bathing ; cella tepidaria, or tepidarium, 
where the water was lukewarm; cella cal 
daria, or caldarium, for a warm bath ; su- 
datorium, or sudatio, or assa. orum, w, 
a sweating-room heated by steam : balnea- 
ria, orum, n. {private bathing-places in 
gardens and villas, Cic, Att., 13, 29, 2; 
Cic, Quint. Fr., 3, 1, 1, § 1) : thermal {mag- 
nificent public edifices erected by the emper- 
ors, in which were the balnete, fencing- 
rooms, and walks) : lavatio (o place for 
bathing: in later times, lavacrum) : to heat 
the bath, balineum calefacere : to talce a 
bath, lavatum ire in balneas ; in balneum 
ire, ambulare : to talce a cold bath, ad fri 
gidam exire ; frigida lavari : to take a va- 
por-bath, ad flammam sudare {Suet., Oa., 
82). \\ Bathing : lavatio; lotio; lotus, 
usus aquarum {as a means of health) : la- 
vatio frigida, calida ; lavatio frigidce, cali- 
das aquaj : to get ready for the ba'.h, b;di- 
neo pra;parari. || A bath-keeper, balnea- 
tor ; balneatrix {Petron., Sen). Virg. jEn., 
12, 159). 

BATHE, v., TR., lavare : abluere : ali- 
quem lavare ; aliquem demittere in bal- 
neum : in lukcicarm water, aliquem im- 
mittere in tepidam. Impr., to bathe with 
tears, lacrimis lavare aliquid (e. g., a letter, 
tabellas, Plaiit., Pseud., 1, 1, 8 : the face, 
vultum, Ovid, Met., 9, 679). V. intr., to 
bathe, or bathe one's self, lavari: lavara 
{seldom, if ever, used by Cic.) : in a shower 
bath : aqua perfundi (vid. Auct. ad Her., 4, 
9 and 10) : in a river, flumine corpus ab- 
luere : m cold water, frigida lavari : to bt 
bathed in tears, efl'undi in lacrimas ; lacri- 
mis perfundi : bathed in tears, lacrimis 
perfusus : a bathing-place, locus, quo ju- 
ventus lavandi et natandi causa venit 
(vid. Cic, Cal., 15, 36) : a bathing-dress, 
subligaculum ; subligar : season for bath- 
ing, * tcmpus aquarum usui commodum : 
bathing utensils, brdnearia or balneatoiia 
instrumenta {Marcian., Dig., 3'.i, 7, 17, § 
2) : balnearia, lura, n. {Appul., Met., 3, p. 
134, 36) : batliing-tub, labrum or solium : 
alveus. 

BATING, prep., prseter; excepto; ex- 
ceptis.; si excipias : bating a few, all were 
takeji alive, paucis ex hostiura numero 
dcsidcratis cuncti vivi capiebantur. 

BATOON, a truncheon or marshaVi 
staff, *scipio, insigne imperii. 

B.4TTALION, cohors: agmen {on the 
march) : orbis {a circular battalion : th» 
ancients were ignorant of our square bat- 
talions ; with them agmen quadratum 
mca7it the whole army under one leader^ 
formed into line of battle so as to resemblt 
a parallelogram. Vid. Fabri, Sail, Jug., 
100, 1. tierz., Hirt., B. G., 8, 8, extr. 
Dissen., 7'ibull., 4, 4, 1, 100). 

BATTEN, TR. \\ Fatten, saginare : 
pinguem facere or reddere : opimnre : 
with any thing, alere aliqua re. || Fer- 
tilize, focundare: focundum reddere: 
fecunditatem dare alicui rei : uberare. 
Intr., pincucscere ; saginari. 

BATTER, v., TR., pulsare : vcrberare : 
perfundere ; elidere {to batter any body's 
head with a stone, alicujus caput saxo) : 
diminuere (caput, cerebrum) : contun- 
dere (aliquem saxis) : batter down, disji- 
cere (arcem, moenia, munitioncs) : diru- 
ero or demoliri (tecta, muros, urbem, 
monumentmn) ; e fundamentis disjicere ; 
funditus evertere : battered, confectus, 
perfractus ; elisus ; disjcctus : battering- 
ram, machina, qua muros quatiimt or per- 
cutiunt ; arics : to bring the battering-ram 
again.1t the walls, arietem muro or muris 
acimoverc : to shake the 7call with the hat- 
tering-ram, arietc or arietis pulsu murum 
quatere : the battering-ram has madti a 
breach in the jcall, arics percussit murum. 

BATTERY, agger {the earth thrown vp) : 
* tormenta in aggerc disposita {the guns 
belonging to the battery) : to bring a bat- 
tery against the walls, tormenta muris aO. 
movere : to place a battery on the hill, tor- 
menta in coUe disponcre. \\An electric 



BAWL 

tcttery, *phiiilaniin Leidcnsium com- 
plexns. II yioUnt striking. Vid-As- 

SAULT. 

BATTLE, pngna (any conJHa, from a 
tingle ccmbat to the bloodiest piuked box- 
tie ; like /laxfi) : acies (the conpct of two 
contending armies draien ■up in battle ar- 
ray) : proelium (the occasional rencounter 
of separate diirisions of the armies, as an 
engagement, action, skirmish ; like avfiSo- 
X<). Wearied by the length of the battle, 
Aqr withdrete from the engagement, diu- 
tnmitate pugna? defessi proelio excesse- 
rnnt : a sharp battle is fought, fit proelium 
acri certamine : a battle more like the en- 
counter of banditti than a military engage- 
ment, pugna latrocinio magia quam proe- 
lio sjimlis : the battle teas long and well 
contested, pugnatiun est diu atqne acriter: 
to go into battle, in proelium ire ; in proe- 
lium or aciem pro(fire ; in aciem or cer- 
tamen descendere : to lead an army to 
battle, exercitum in aciem educere : to 
lead to battle 100,000 /oo«, in aciem centum 
millia peditum producere : to offer battle, 
productis copiis pugnandi potestatem fa- 
cere : to join battle, proelium committere; 
manum conserere : to renew the battle, 
pu^nam novam inteerare ; proelium red- 
mtesrare or renovare : to win the battle, 
proelio or pugna superiorem discedere; 
Tictorem proeUo excedere : to lose the bat- 
tie, pugna or proelio inferiorem discedere ; 
proelio Tinci or superaii. 

BATTLE ARRAY, acies: to put the 
army in battle array, aciem instruere (po- 
etically, aciem struere) : copias or exer- 
citum instruere : to put themselves in bat- 
tle array, ordinatos or instructos consLs- 
tcre : to stand in battle array, armatos in 
acie stare ; aciem instructam habere ; in- 
structos stare : to march in battle array, 
instructos acie proficisci (Virg^ j£n., 11, 
449). 

BATTLE-AXE, bipennis (an axe with 
two edges). 

BATTLE-CRY, cantus proelium incho- 
antium (Liv.) : baritus (not barritns or 
barditus) was the battle-shout of the old 
Germans, Tac. To raise the battle-cry, 
clamorem attoUere. 

B.\TTLEDOOR, *pala lusoria; *pal- 
mula lusoria. 

BATTE-FIELD, locus pugnae: locus 
nbi pugnatur, or pugnatum est, or pug- 
nandum est : to choose a battle-field, locum 
ad pugnam deligere. 

BAITLEMENT (of a wall), pinna. 

B.A.TTLE-PIECE, tabula in qud eat 
proelium ; tabula picta proelii ; prcelium 
pictiun. A beautiful battle-piece, pugna in 
tabuld prsBclare picta. || Field or bat- 
tle. Vid. Battle-fjeld. 

BAVIN, fascis ; fasciculus (as being 
bound together, fascis lignorum, stramen- 
torum) : manipulus ; fasciculus manualia 
(as forming a handful). \\In tear, crates: 
fesciculus ex virgis ellieatus. 

BAWBLES, crepxmdia (children's rat- 
tles) : nugae (trifles ; trifling things or 
persons, Cic.) : gerrae (comic, and com- 
mon word for nug») : tricae (trumpery, 
trifles, nonsense) : res parvae : res minu- 
te: res nibili: res parri momenti. To 
be delighted with mere, or such mere baw- 
bles, meris or tantis nugis delectari. 

BAWD, Wprocurer : leno : libidinis 
minister. \\ Procuress: lena: libidinis 
ministra. 

BAWDRY, verborum obscenitas, Cic. 

B.\WDY,imn!iundu3 (unclean, impure): 
spurcus (filthy, nasty; disgusting to the 
eyes or nose : figuratively, of moral impu- 
rity^ : obscenus (exciting disgust, horror, 
loathing, when seen or heard ; e. g., pictures, 
rpeeches. Sec, versus obscenisstmi, Cic). 
Bawdy song, versus obsceni ; cantictun 
obscenum. To sing a bawdy song, ob- 
Bcena canere or cantare. To use bawdy 
language, verbis obscenis uti ; obscena 
dicere : obsceno jocandi genere uti 

BAWL, vociferari ; clamorem edere 
9r toliere : to bawl after any body, clamare 
tr inclamare aliquem: clamore aliqucm 
insequi ; clamoribus aliqucm consectari : 
to bawl with might and main, maxima vo- 
ce clamare : altum clamorem toUere, or 
timpiy clamitare : to bawl in any bodies 
ears, clamando aures alicujus £atigare 



BEAD 

(Lit., 9, 20), or obtundere (Ter., Beaut., 
2, 3, 89), aures alicujus personare (Uor.^ 
Ep., 1, 1, 7). To bawl out against any 
body, allatrare aliquem (properly and fig- 
uratively, especially of entiotu, eoicardly 
railers at better men than themaeioea). 

BAWLER, clamator: proclamator : la- 
trator: buccinator. 

BAWLING, vociferatio; vociferatas; 
clamor ; clamitatio. 

B.4.Y, adj., badius ; spadix (applied to a 
horse). 

B.iY, s., sinus (with or without mariti- 
mus or maris understood) : bay window, 
fenestra arcuata ; fenestra convexa (rj<!»- 
ed externally) : cava (internally). || Po- 
sition of a stag facing the hounds. 
To stand at bay, perhaps, "canes mor- 
dicus prementes defendere : " canea in- 
vadentes or incursantes defendere : * ad- 
versus canes se comibus defendere : * ca- 
nibus invadendbus obvertere comua (aft- 
er Plaut., Pseud., 4, 3, 5: nunc mi ob- 
vortat comua). To bring to bay, ferum 
consistere cogere (after Cas., B. G., 4, 5). 

BAY, baubari (derived from the natural 
sound of a dog) : latrare : latratus edere. 
Tk., allatrare aliquem (in an envious, 
cowardly way, post-Augustan : of persons 
only). 

BAYONET, perhaps pugio : to fix the 
bayonet, *pugionem erigere or sclopeto 
praefigere. 

BAY-TREE, laurus: bay-leaf, folium 
lauri ; folium laureum or laurinum : 
crowned with bay, laureatus. 

BE, esse; exstare (to be extant): ver- 
sari ; conmiorari (to be in a place) : to be 
of that age, ea esse aetate : to be in one's 
tenth year, declmum annum aaere: to 
be at home, domi suae esse : to be not at 
home, esse foris : to be with anybody, cum 
aliquo. apud aliquem esse : to be constant- 
ly vrith any body, assidue cum aliquo esse ; 
a latere alicujus non discedere : to let any 
thing be, aliquid permittere ; aliquid fieri 
pati: aliqidd mittere, or missum facere 
(to let any thing alone) : let them be, mitte 
haec : let me be, mitte or omitte me : it is 
so, res ita est ; res ita se habet : what is 
the matter ? quid (qvudnam) est ? quid ac- 
cidit? what is the meaning of this .' quid 
hoc sibi vult ? what is it to you } quid tibi 
est ? how are you ? quomodo vales i quo- 
modo te habes ? be it so, esto : in Latin 
the indicative is frequently used where we 
use the subjunctive; as, longum est, it 
would be tedious: difficile est, it tc o u 2 ti 
be difficult: had it not been for Horatius 
Codes, nisi Horatius Cocles fuisset. U Be- 
in^ = to be, esse. In ablative absolute 
before a noun it is untranslated : Teucer 
being our leader. Teucro duce : you being 
our helper, te adjutore or adjuvante. nis 
being the case, qua? quum ita sint || As 
BEING, utpote, quippe. Democritus, as 
being a learned man. thinks the sun of 
great size, sol Democrito ma^us videtur, 
quippe homini erudito: the people that 
could easily be numbered, as being small, 
populus numerabihs, utpote parvus. || As 
BEING ONE WHO, &;c., quippe qui. utpote 
qui, ut qui, with subjunctive. '^^^ Be- 
ing or as being are sometimes quite 
omitted, and a simple appositiiyn used : e. 
e.. '-the Gauls, as being (or being) a mili- 
tary nation," Sec, Galli, homines beHicosi, 
(fee. Obs.. for phrases compounded with 
"to be," as "to be near," "to be on the 
side of," Sec. vid. Neab. Side, Sec 

BE.\CH, litus (the shore, as the line 
which separates the land from the sea : ora, 
acta (the space and tract of land that 
borders on the sea, as the coast) : ft^ acta 
(Cic.) is a word of Greek extraction, de- 
noting the coast as beautiful and attract- 
ive. Tacitus (Hist., 3, 76) expresses it by 
the circumlocution amoena litorum. 

BEACON, specula (watch-tou-tr) : ignium 
significatio (a beacon as lighted to convey 
intelligence) : pharus (6apoi. light-house. 
Suet., Calig., 46 : turris. ex qui nt ex 
Pharo. noctibus ad regendos navium cur- 
sus ignes emicarenf)." To light a beacon, 
ignibus facere significationem (to light 
signal-fires). Beacon-lights, ianis e spec- 
ula sublatus, Cic. : pra:^nunciativi ignes 
(Plin.) 

BEAD, globulus ; sphsrula ; margarita 



BEAR 

(pearl). || Rosary: * sphaemlae prtcata 
riae ; * globuli quibus ap>id Catbohcos na- 
merantur preces. * To tell one's beads, 
preces ad certum globolonun numerum 
rundere. 

BEADLE, accensus : *accensus aca- 
demicus (at universities). || In a church, 
aedituus (door-keeper of a temple; sauon). 

BELAGLE, canis vestigator. 

BE.iK, rostrum (also of a ship) ; ros- 
tellum (diminutive) : to attack each other 
with their beaks, rostrum conserere roetro : 
beaked, rostratus ; adoncus. 

BEAKER, poculum ; calix (ic6>i^ a 
beaker of clay, glass, or metal, with one or 
more spouts. Vid. jur., 5, 47, calix qua- 
tnor nasorum) : scyphus : cantharus. 
Stn. in Ct7p. 

BEAM, tignum ; trabs. [trabs, a longa 
and narrower beam ; tignum, a shorter 
and thicker one. A raft consists of trabea, 
not of tigna ; whereas the wood-work of a 
building, which, as a pillar, is destined to 
support something, is composed of tigna, 
not of trabes, by which the cross-beams 
only are denoted, Diid.] Prot., to see 
motes in the eyes of others, and not to see 
beams in one^s own, magis in aliis cemere, 
quam in nobismet ipsis, si quid deliuqui- 
tur (Cic, Off., 1, 41, 146) ; videre nostra 
mala non possumus ; alii simul delin- 
quimt, censores sumus (Phaedr., 4, 10, 5) ; 
aiiorum vitia in oculis habemus, a tergo 
nostra (Sen., De Ira, 2, 2S, 6) ; papulas 
obaervas alienas, ipse obsitus plurtims 
ulceribus (Sen., De Pit. Beat., 27, 4); 
quum tua pervideas oculis mala lippus 
innnctis, cur in amicorum vitiis tarn cer 
nis acutum, quam aut aquHa aut serpens 
Epidaurius J (Hor., Sat., 1, 3, 23, sgg.) 
l\Ray of light, radius. \\Of a bal- 
ance, scapuB (Vitr.); jugum. 

BEAM, v., radios fundere : fulgere (both 
of light and of illuminated objects) : radi- 
are (" to emit beams:" in the sense of 
"glitter" it does not belong to sober prose) : 
with any thing, radiare aliqud re : a ray 
of hope beams upon me, spes aliqoa miiii 
afiulget, or ostenditur: to beam with sil- 
ver light, radiare lumine argenti (Ovid, 
Met., 2, 4). 

BEAN, faba (the common bean, *vicia 
faba, Linn.: a small bean, fabulus, fabula) : 
a kidney-bean, phaselus or phaseolus 
(* phaseolus vulgaris, Linn.): of or belong- 
iiig to beans, fabaceus or fabacius ; faba- 
rius : of beans, fabaUa ; fabaginus : bea* 
stalks, fabalia, ium, n. 

BEAR, ursus ; ursa (of or belonging to 
bears, ursinus) : ursa; arctos (the consul- 
lation) : the Great Bear, Ursa Major ; He- 
lice : the Lesser Bear, Ursa Minor ; parvula 
Cynoenra (vid. Cic, Acad., 2, 20, 66) : the 
bears emtgointly, Septentriones (hence H 
Vitrttvius the Great Bear is Septentrio Ma- 
jor ; the less, Septentrio Minor). j| Bears- 
foot, acanthus (a plant) : beafs-grease, 
adeps ursinus: bear-warden, ursi magis- 
ter (Liv., 37, 41). Fig. (=rough, un- 
polished), incultus: agrestis (««mann<r- 
ly) : ferns : immansuetus (will, not tamed) 
Jn, ferus agrestisque : asper (rough). 

BEAR, sustinere (to hold up so as to 
ieg> from sinking or falling) : ferre (to 
bear as a burden) : bajulare (to carry a 
load, as a porter) : portare (to transport 
from one place to another, whether for 
one's self or far others) : gerere. gestare 
(in a general sense, as vestem ; annulum) : 
indutum esse aliqua re ; indui aliqud re ; 
amictum esse aliqua re, toga, palHo. Sec, 
omatum esse aliqua re (to bear as a badge ; 
e. g., a gold chaiti, aureo torque : shield 
and spear, scuto teloque) ; cinctum or 
sticcinctum esse aliqud re (to be girded 
with : gladio) : to be borne through the city 
in a palanquin, lecticd ferri, portari, ges- 
tari, vehi per urbem : to bear to the grave, 
fonere efterre, eflTerre : bear arms againtt 
one, arma ferre contra aUquem: to bear 
one upon the shoulders, bajulare aliquem : 
the ice bears, * aqua satis conzlaciata est. 
II Carry away, ferre, atiferre, abducere, 
rapere: of a victory. Sec, deportare, 
reportare, consequi, adiplsci : hear the bell, 
palm am ferre. \\ Bring, afferre, addu- 
cere, advehere ; refcrre, deferre. |j Tb 
bear sway, dominart regnare, imperium 
i ezerccre : to bear affection to one, amar« 
Si 



BEAR 

aliquem : bear one good-will, animo esse 
in aUq\iem benevolo, alicui favere : bear 
one company, comitari; deducere : I bear 
the iiame of Alexander, est mihi nomen 
Alexandro {or Alexander, rarely Alexan- 
dri) : bear one hatred, odisse aliquem, in- 
I'ensum esse alicui : bear witness, testimo- 
nium dicere, testimonium perhibere : 
bear in mind, memoria habere, tenere. 
II Bear 71 p, support, sustinere, susten- 
tare. || Endure, toierare, sustinere, pa- 
ti, perpeti, perferre : able to bear hunger 
and cold, inediije et algoris patiens : un- 
able to bear, impatiens (with genitive) : to 
be able to bear neither cold nor heat, nc- 
que frigora, neque sstus facile toierare. 
Il ^^H//er, tinder go, pati, att'ectum esse 
aliqua re, premi aliqua re. || Suffer, 
allow, pati, sinere, ferre : I will not bear 
it at all, non feram, non patiar, non sinam 
(m connection, Cic, Cat., 1, 5, 10): the 
thing will -not bear delay, res dilationem 
non patitur, res diflerri non potest. || Bear 
with ; as, you must bear with your father, 
mos gcrendus est patri : a friend^ s vices, 
peccatis amici indulgfire : necessity, dare 
iiecessitati veniam : to bear with one's sor- 
row, dolori parcere : we must bear with 
one another's faults, nobis inter nos nostra 
vitia toleranda. \\ Produce, yield, fer- 
re; afterre (0/ «rces) ; cfferre (of the soil): 
to bear fruit, forre fruges, att'erre fructum : 
to bear, v. n., ferre fruges (also merely fer- 
re), ati'erre fnactum (etterre, especially of 
t lie field): the tree bears, arbor fert; not 
every year, arbor non continuis annis 
fructum atfert : the field bears ten-fold, 
ager etlert or efficit cum decimo. || Give 
birth to, parere, eniti, (with effort and 
pain) : to bear children to one, liberos ex 
aliquo parere, eniti: of a place, patri- 
ain esse alicujus, ferre aliquem. || To 
bear a part in a thing, partem alicujus 
rei sustinere, alicui rei interesse. || Bs 
answerable for : to bear the risk, peri- 
culum in sc recipere, rem aliquam sui 
periculi facere : the loss, praestare dam- 
num : the charges, sumtus toierare, sup- 
peditare. || To bear, behave, himself, 
ecgerere; agere, facere : a^ any one, pro 
aliquo se gerere ; in a thing, in re : to 
bear one's self as a friend, amice agere : 
prudently, prudenter se gerere : to bear 
himself worthy of his ancestors, dignum 
ge pr:fbere majoribus. || To bear through, 
carry out, ad finem perducere ; absol- 
vere. || To bear off, avertere, defondere. 
II To bear down, prosternere, proturbare ; 
figuratircly, depritnere, trangere, oppri- 
mere, obruere : bear back, repellere, pro- 
pulsare : bear on, promovere, impellere. 
II Bear up against, ohniti ; resistere. || To 
bear out. secuiiim priestare ; culpam ali- 
cujus rei demovere ab aliquo, aliquem 
del'endere de aliqua re. || To bring to 
bear, ad eft'ectum adducere. || To bear, 
tend, tendere. cursum dirigere. || To 
bear upon, premere, urgere, incumbere, 
inniti. || To bear out, stand out, jut 
out, prominere, procurrere. || To bear 
lip against misfortunes, *mali3 non 
cedere : constantem esse in malis : do 
not succumb to misfortunes, but bear vp 
against them manfully, tu ne cede malis, 
eed contra audentior ito (Hor.). \\ To 
bear off, vela dirigere ad aliquem lo- 
cum : navem or cursum dirigere aliquo : 
he bore off fe>r the port to which he was 
bound, cursum direxit, quo tendebat. 
II To bear away the prize, palmam re- 
ferre. || To bear wit7iess,testcmessv.; 
testimonium dicere ; pro testimonio di- 
cere ; testari ; tostilicari : to bear false 
witness, falsum testimonium dicere or 
prtebere : the very words bear witness to 
the fact, ejus rei ipsa verba testimonio 
sunt. II To bear company, esse cum 
aliquo ; aliquem comitari ; alicui comi- 
tem se adderc, or adjungere : those that 
are Ulte each other, bear eeich other compa- 
ny ; or, birds of a feather flock together, 
pares cum paribus, vctcri proverbio, facil- 
lime consrregantur (Ci>., Cat. Maj., 3, in.). 
BEARD, s., barba (applied to man, ani- 
mals, and inanimate things) : lanuso ; 
barba prima ; barba incipiens (the first 
heard ; lanugo also applies to the down vf 
females) : aruncus (beard of a goat) : 
ibrsB (beard of an oyster) : a little beard, 
56 



BEAT 

barbula : a good or long beard, barba lon- 
ga, promissa, magna : a rugged or grisly 
beard, barba horrida, hirsuta : a red beard, 
barba aenea : a red-bearded man, aenobar- 
bus ; qui barbam aeneam habet : having 
a beard, barbatus : having an apology for 
a beard, or just enough to swear by, barba- 
tulus : having a nice little beard, qui bar- 
bula delectiitur : having a strong beard, 
bene barbatus : to coax a beard, barbam 
alere : to let a beard grow, barbam pro- 
mittere : to shave off the beard, radere or 
abradere barbam alicujus (with a razor, 
novacula) : to trim tlie beard, tondere ali- 
cujus barbam (with scissors, forfex : to 
trim and shave the beard, modo tondere, 
modo radere barbam. || The beard of 
corn, or prickles, arista;. 

BEARD, v., to take by the beard, barbam 
alicui vellere. || Fig., confidenter alicui 
resistere : confidenter resistentem re- 
spondere, contumacem esse in aliquem. 

BEARDLESS, iraberbis ; glaber (one 
who has a bare chin ; Sen., Ep., 47, 5, of a 
slave). 

BEARER, \\07ie who bears, gerulus 
(in a general sense, po.st- Augustan): ba- 
julus (a porter, or carrier) : the bearer of 
any thing, portans or gestans aliquid ; 
gestator alicujus rei (post- Augustan, 
Plin., Ep., 9, 33, 8). || Of news, nuncius. 
\\0f letters, tabellarius. ||0/a corpse, 
lecticarius (hearer of a lectica or lecticula, 
which served as a bier for the rich) : ves- 
pillo : sandapilarius (bearer of a sandapila, 
the bier of the poor. All three late, but 
probably only from accident). 

BEARING, in a general sense, por- 
tatio (transporting from one place to an- 
other) : gestatio (in ttie arms or on the 
shoulders) : vectio (conveyance in some 
seirt of carriage by means of quadrupeds, 
Cic, N. D., 2, CO) : vectatio (on horse- 
back). \\Mien and gesture, gestus ; 
gestus motusque : to have the bearing of 
a learned man, * viri docti specicm pree se 
ferre. \\Situati071, of a place, situs. 
\\Refere71ce to any thing, ratio: to 
have a bearing upon any thing, pertine- 
re, referri ad aliquid ; aliquid respicere : 
that has 'no bearing oti the subject, alie- 
num re or a. re. 

BEAST, bellua : bestia : pecus (oppos- 
ed to man ; bellua and pecus, with intel- 
lect7ial refere7ice, as devoid of reason; 
bestia and fera, jcith moral reference, as 
wild, andhostile to man ; bellua denotes, par- 
ticularly, a great unwiMy animal, as theele- 
phant, wh'ale, sea m/msters ; pecus, a domes- 
tic a7iimal, particularly the less intelligent, 
as a bullock, sheep, opposed to the wild ; bes- 
tia, a destructive animal, particularly those 
that are ravenous, as the tiger, wolf, &c. ; 
fera, a wild animal of the wood, as the stng, 
wolf, &c., opposed to domestic animals, Dij- 
der.): a little beast,hesti6\a.; animalculum: 
like a beast, belluarum more ; pecudum 
ritu : a beast of burden, jumentum : to live 
like a beast, beluinis voluptatibus sc dede- 
re : the life of a beast, vita spurcissima : 
the beast-market, * forum pccuarium : a tax 
on bexists, * tributiim in pecus impositum. 
11^ beast, (fig.), homo spurcns, imniun- 
dus : bellua (stupid a7ii/nal), bestia: or 
by adjective, ferus, immanis (savage) : 
spurcus (or spurcissimus) : immundus 
( fiUhy, foul). E-^ Belluinus or bduinus 

BEASTLINESS, spurcities. 

BEASTLY, rationis expers ; belluinus. 
II Metaph., immundus ; obscenus ; spur- 
cus. II Beastly language, spurciloquium. 

BEAT, v., pulsare aliquid (fores, osti- 
um). To beat the foreheael, ferire fron- 
tem : to heat the wall, ferire parietcm : 
the leaves beat against the shore icith the 
greatest noise, fluctus se illidunt maxinio j 
cum Bono in litus. || To beat on some- | 
thing with something, pulsare aliquid ali- 
qua re : if with viole7ice, percntcrc tiiiquul 
aliqua re : if to produce a sound, concre- | 
pare aliqua re ad aliquid ; e. g., irith the \ 
sword on a shield, gladio ad scutum : to j 
beat or strike the head violently against a 
stone, capite graviter otl'enso impingi | 
saxo : against the door, capite illidi or ^ 
impingi foribus : if voluntarily, caput illi- i 
dere or impingere alicui rei : to beat to ! 
pie~.es, perfringere aliquid. || The rain \ 



BEAU 

beats against one's face, imber in 03 for 
tur : to beat with a stick, aliquem or all 
quid petere baculo : the pulse beats, venfs 
micant : the heart beats, cor palpitat : if 
violentbj, cor salit : to beat the cymbals, 
cymbalissare (Cass. Hem., apud Non., 90, 
25) ; asra concrepare (Petron., 22, extr.) : 
the drum, tymi)anizare ; tympanum pul- 
sare : the lyre, pulsare chordas lyrae (t). 
To beat with fists, aliquem pugnis csedere ; 
aliquem colaphis pulsare : with a club, al- 
iquem fusti vorberare ; fusti in aliquem 
animadvertere ; aliquem verberibus cffi- 
dere, or in aliquem verberibus animad- 
vertere : to beat soundly, aliquem ca;dere 
virgis acerrime : if with the fist and on 
the face, alicujus os manu pulsare ; pug- 
nura alicui impingere in os : if with the 
flat of the hand on the cheek, alicui alapam 
ducere : to beat to death, aliquem verberi- 
bus necare ; aliquem usque at? mortem 
mule are : to be beaten, vapulare : if fs a 
pu7iishment, tergo plecti. To beat a7iy 
body black and blue, pingere aliquem p'g- 
mentis ulmeis ; variare alitjuem %'irgis et 
loris ; alicujus corium maculosum facere 
(all Plant.). \\To heal or conquer, 
vincero; superare: to beat the enemy coTti^ 
pletely, hosteai fa.idere fugareque : to 
beat to the ground, aliquem ad terram 
dare or afiligere ; aliquem affligere solo ; 
aliquem aifligere et ad terram dare. || To 
heat about the ft ;< s A (fig.), sciscitari, 
perscrutari aliquid ex ahquo. || To beat 
down, stemere, prosternere, opprimere. 
II To beat i?/, adigere alicui rei or in ali- 
quid (e. g., cuneum arbori, or clavum in 
tignum). \\To beat into, verberibus 
inculcnre. || To beat out, expellere, 
propellere extra (e. g., extra portam) ; 
ejicere, extrudere, or protrudere foras, 
loco or ex loco ; exturbare : to beat out 
or thrash, e spicis grana excutere, or dis- 
cutere, or extercre ; frumcntum detere- 
re ; messem perticis flagellare ; spicas 
baculis excutere ; spicas fustibus tun- 
dere or cudere ; frumentum pulsibus 
tribularum deterere ; messem tribulis 
exterere : if cattle are employed, e spicis 
grana excutere jumentis junctis et tribu- 
lo ; spicas exterere pecudibus, or jumen- 
torum ungulis ; spicas exterere grege ju- 
mcntorum inacto : if horses are employ- 
ed, messem exterere equorum gressibus. 
[Vid. Thkash.] II 2'o beat up (with a 
ladle or spoon), rudicula peragitare ; ru- 
dicula or rudiculis miscere : to heat up 
for soldiers, raercede conducere milites. 

BE.'iTEN, verberatus, &c. : when ap- 
plied to a path, via. trita ; iter commo- 
dum. 

BEATER, s., Winstrument for beat- 
ing, tistiica ; pavicula ; tudes ; tudicu- 
la ; pistillura. ||^ person who heats, 
qui verberat, &c. 

BEATIFIC, adj., beatus ; beatum red- 
dens. 

BEATIFICATIONf *in piorum nume- 
rum ascriptio or relatio. 

BEATIFY, beatum reddere ; beare ; 
aliquem beatum praedicare ; * aliquem in 
piorum numerum ascribere or refcrre : 
to be beatified, piorum sedcm et locum 
consequi. 

BEATITUDE, summa fclicitas : .J^ 
beatitas a7id beatitudo are used by Vie., 
hiU only i7i the strict philosophic style (N. 
D., 1, 34, 95). II WUh reference to a fu- 
ture irorld, immortalis vitas sens us ju- 
cundissimus. 

BEAU, homo elegans, or elegantior 
(one icho is rerJterche in dress, &<^^ : bel 
Ins homunculus (a neat, dapper little fel- 
low) : juvenis barba et coma nitidus ; de 
capsula totus (Just as if he came out of a 
bandbox). Sen., Ep., 115, 2 : trossulus 
(originally 7neant eques Romanus ; to- 
ward the e7id of the republic it was zised 
as a 7iickname for a petit maitre. Vid. 
Ruhnk., Sen., Ep., 7(i, 1). 

BEAVER, \\the animal, castor; 
fiber: o/ft(Yir<r. castoreus; fibrinus : skin 
of the brarer,\»-\\\if\hr\nn.. \\Beaver-hat, 
* capitis ti'ginien (or tegumentum) e filiri- 
nis pilis contextum. \\A part of the 
helmet that covers the face, *os ga- 
lete : Imccula. 

BEAUTIFUL, formosus ; pulchor; vo- 
nustus (formosus mea7is beauty as far at 



BE C A 

it ezatti pUasurt and ddigkt bffineust 
cf/orm ; pnldier, ma far as it tatit/ta tke 
tatu hf its pafsetnets ; venastns, at far 
as hf its ckarmsit ezdtes desire and eop- 
tiiMtts: mlta polchro ma^ qaam re- 
nusto, of a eoU, heartless tort of beoMttf, 
ky which no one fib attraaed, DBd.) : beau- 
Uful to behold, facie polchri, or fonnoei, 
w egregii ; specie renusti ; foniii pnl- 
dirk, eximii : to wrUe a beautiful haud, 
lepidil mana Bteras facere: to wriu a 
btautifml sti/le, elesanter, or Tenusle, or 
belle, or pneclare, or ornate scribere. 

BEAOTIFULLY, pulchre ; reniiste ; 
belle ; rfeg»iiter ; egreaie ; eximie : to 
^tak beaautfuUf, el^anter, or renuste, 
or belle, or bene, or iHiiste dicere. 

BEAUTIFY, excolere (e. g, the dty, 
nrbem) : to beataifii bf words,~a&qaii rer- 
bis adomaie, <»■ oratioae exomare : to 
beautifif or bedeck, speciem addere. 

BEAUTY, polchrirado (i» a general 
tense, whatever, whether material or ideal, 
treites admiratiom) : species (wkaterer 
pleases the ege) : forma {whateter delights 
by Sf m m tt rf) : renustas (whatetier attracts, 
^>plieabU to things or persons, oratioms, 
Terbomm) : vennftas et palchxitado cor- 
poris : amcenitas (applied to piaexs, ob- 
jects, &C.) : beauties ofstfle, dicendi vene- 
res : ifartijuaal, lenociiiia. onun {Quint^ 
8, Pr*/, 26) : sfte is « perfect beauty, mn- 
Ber est onuubas simnlacris emendador 
(Petrtm, 136, 13) ; *pulchritndine, or for- 
mi, or Tenostate insignia est : a sense of 
beautf, elegantia (sensos pnlchri, or pnl- 
chritodinis, is not Latin) : to possess an 
ezquisite sense of beautf , esse excnltae cn- 
jasdam degantis. 

BECALM, r. a. To becalm the mind, 
afiqnem, or alicnjos animam placare, 
mitiaare, leniie or delenire. permnlcere ; 
aHcnjns iram lenire, moDire, eedare; 
multitadinem, plebem reprimere ; eedi- 
tionem lenire, or eedare ; dolorem miti- 
gare, l\The sea, flnctos componere. 
Becalmed at sea, t entis destitntus. 

BECAUSE, quia (ori, " because,'^ intro- 
ducing the real and primary cause): 
qaoniam (ixci, "since,^ "as," denoting 
Ae ground and occasion): quod (oft- 
en of a supposed ground held by another 
as opposed to one per ceiv ed and hdd to be 
the true oju by ourselves: urithsul^une- 
tire, it often states a* apparent ground, 
tit connection with quia which introduces 
the real one. Hence qnod is found with 
the sulgunctive more frequently than quia, 
espedalbf of past time. Quod refers more 
to the mind of the tpeakar or person refer- 
red to ; qoia to the thing itself) : qnom 
(subjunetice), qnando, quandoquidem 
(properly "when," are often = '• since," 
"as:" as siqnidem also is), ^p" 7TU 
clause is made more ewtphatic by an ideo 
or idcirco in the other tiause : ideo— qnod 
or quia (not qaoniam) : idcirco— qnod 
mr quoniam (less commonly qnia). The 
daiue with quod, qoia, mayprectde. Pn^ 
terea qnod or quia (dose together) : qui, 
qnippe qui (with subjunctire ; e. e.. vAfli 
we went to bed, I fell into a sounder sleep 
than usual, because J had sat up late, nt 
cubitom disceseimns, me, qni ad mabam 
noctem Tigilassem, artior, qoam soldmt, 
eomnos amplexns est : the brightness of 
the sun is greater than that of fere, because 
it gicesHght to the immense world far and 
wide, solis candor iBastrior qoam nllus 
ignis, qnippe qni itomenso mundo tain 
longe ]at»]ue coUueeat). Sometimes "be- 
cause" is rendered by an ablatize abso- 
lute : the undent Bonuns wished for mon- 
archy, because they had not yet experienced 
the sweetness of liberty, Romani reteres 
r^nari volebant, libertetis dulcedine non- 
dam esperti. Sowutimes "because" is 
rendered by a particle : he could take no 
fart in the war, because he was prevented 
•y illness, morbo impeditos bello interes- 
se noD potait Dionysius always burned 
his tiard, because he durst not trust his 
hemd to a barber, Dionysfau coUros ton- 
sorios metaens candoiti caibone siln ada- 
rebat capillom. I can not. because I am 
engaged, per negotia miU noa Beet 
iOf a preventive cause, pr» : to be 
seareebf heard, because of the noise, pne 
KTRHtu Tis aodiri. JiBeeause of (at a 



BED 

preposition) is generally reudaitd by prop- 
ter or ob : also ergo (on ae e ou n t of, fol- 
lowing a genitive governed iy it). 

BECK, s., nntus : uMk tke tyet, veabaa 
oculorum : uritk the feager, natns digiti : 
to be at any bod>fs betk, ad nntnm a&ca- 
jos paratom, or pnesto esse : to watch the 
least beck, alien jas natnm dfligenter inta- 
eri : to oct at a person's beck, ad nntma 
cajos aKqaid facere ; noto, qood rolet al- 
iqtiis, conficere : it costs me but a beck, and 
it is mine, nnta aliqoid ab aliqno conseqid 
po^om : it would cost me but the sHghteat 
beck, si innoissem mode, hoc facUe perfici 
posset : to give a private beck, fartim nata 
sisnnm dare. 

BECKOX, v., innnere ; annnere (to an- 
swer "yes" by beckoning): abnaere, re- 
naere (to answer "ncT by beckoning): 
sisna dare nutu (to give signs by beckon- 
ing, Orid, Fast- I, 418) : to beckon with 
thejinger, inniKre digito : with the head, 
capile natare : with ike eyes, nictare, sig- 
na dare nota ocnlisqae (Orid) : to beck- 
on sHenee, niana poscere silentium ; nnta 
jabere alentiain fieri (Cic^ De Die, 1, 28, 
59) : to beckon a person to one, *nata ali- 
qaem ad se rocare. 

BECOME, r, fieri: evadere (to turn 
out) : (Cicero became consul, Cicero con- 
sol &cta3 est : to become a perfect orator, 
perfectom oratorem eradere : to become 
surety, sponsorem fieri pro aliquo : what 
will become of you f qnid de te tiet > what 
will become of him f quid illo fiet • qnid 
te fatamm censes T (Obs., tit this con- 
struction the ablative whk, or, more eowt- 
monbf, without, de ts nted, or the dative, 
ZumpL) To become a beggar, ad mraidi- 
citatem redigi : from a beggar to beeowu 
a rich man, ex mendico fieri diritem. 
The injinitive termination escere indi- 
cates, in Latin, an incipient state : to be- 
come warm, calescere : to become rich, di- 
tescene. || To become or befit, decere, 
with accusative of the person whom any 
tUng beoomet: it becntes, eqmim est, 
par est, with the infadtiae ^ier u ; conre- 
nit, with the ac cu sa tiv e and infinitive aft- 
er : it is not becoming, non decet : tt is 
not at all becoming, minime decet ; both 
with aecutatire and infinitive; e. e~, it 
does not at all becoate an orator to be in 
a rage, oratorem irasci minime decet. 
-Become^ is frequently translated by est 
wttha ge n itt t emke nkdenotesaguality; as, 
it becomes a young man, est javenis ; but 
if the object ts a personal pronoun, tke pos- 
sessive pronoun is used ; e. g., it becomes 
yon, tnnm est. " To beeoat^ is also ren- 
dered by aptom, accommodatam esse ali- 
coi : to beeowu a person well, honestare 
aUqaem ; convenire alicai ; ^gnnm esse 
aliqao : not to become a person well, dede- 
cere or indecere aliqaan ; indecorum, 
dedecori torpe esse alicm ; indignnm 
esse atiqao : to do things tkat HI become a 
soldier, *ra imlitaris dedecos admittere : 
he thinks tkat these things become not his 
dignity, *iuBC «tignihiti» go^ leviora dn- 
cit: this dress beeouus her wdl.hJBC'vesaa 
satis decet earn (PlauL, Most, 1, a 10) : 
modesty becJlnes youth, pndor juvenilem 
omat etatem. 

BECOMCiG, aptus : accommodatus ; 
conveniens ; consentaneus : to be becom- 
ing, aptom consentaneum^e esse ; con- 
renire. 

BECOMISGLY, apte: accommodate; 
convenienter ; decore ; boneste ; elegan- 
ter; nt decet: to act becoatingly, com 
dignitatn agere ; honeste se gerere ; de- 
ccHum sequi ; servare, tenere, costodire : 
to dance becomingly, eleganter or com- 
mode saltare : to speak becomingly, belle 
et festive dicere. 

BECOMIXGXESS, qnod decet ali- 
qnem ; decentia, decorum : to study be- 
eomingness, in aUqnil re quid deceat can- 
siderare, or videre : to have a sense ofbe- 
comingnesa, qnid deceat sentire. 

BED, lectos ; lectuhis (either to deep in 
or rest on) : lectos cobicolaris ; cnbile (a 
bed to sleep in ; toms is seldom used ez- 
cept in poetry) : grabatoa (a law couch to 
rest on, either for invalids or Ku d en tt, 
ocifrvDDf ) : lecticola hicnbratoria (a eouek 
on cfttek the ancients rested by dmy, nt or- 
der to meditate and study) : lectos genialis 



BEDl 

(the marriage bed) : sponda (a bedstead) ; 
strata or stragnla, alto with cobicularia, 
noun ptttral understood (all the paru be- 
longing to a eouek or bed) : alveos (the 
bed of a rivet) : to make tke bed, lectom 
stemere : to go to bed, ad kctom trans- 
gredi (Suet., Oct., 76) ; cobitom ire or dis- 
cedere ; dormitum se cmiferre ; qoieti 
se tradere : to get out of bed, eorgere, 
witk or without cobito, or e lectolo : to 
put to bed, coOocare al^oem in cobili : 
to keep on^t bed, in lecto esse ; lecto Ie> 
neri ; lecto affixom esse (f). / eon not 
get out of bed for the life of me, prorwatn. 
e lectnlo sorgere neqoeo : to be separated 
from bed and board, cobilibos disc^mi 
(Tac, mat., 5,5,2) :todieonaebedof 
honor, in ade cadere ; ^nregid mcnrte de- 
fongL Prot., £tHy to bed and early to 
rise, tec, mane qood to ocreperis ne- 
gotiom, id totom procedit diem (Plaut. : 
sometiatea Annna Mosis amica). || To 
be brought to bed, parere ; partom 
edere : to be brought to bed of a son. fiH- 
om parere. ^Bed-chamber, culHcnIom 
dormitoriom, or only dormitoriom (Ptin., 
30, 6, IT): cabicnlmn noctis et sonmi 
(Plin., Ep., 2, 17, 22) : zotfaeca ; zotfaeco- 
la (a little cabinet to sleep in, Ptin., Ep., % 
17, 21 ; 5, 6, 38) : tie bed-roama (aa a pan 
of the house), donnitorium membrom 
(PUn.). \\Bed-elothes, opertoriom lee- 
ti (fie coverlet : opposed to str^ohun, the 
mattress. Vid. Sen., Ep., 87, 2) : lodix ; 
lodicola. H Bed-fellow, *lecti socioa. 
H Bed-post, folcrum lecti. H Bed-rid- 
^ea, kicto a£Sxoa. gBetJ-tiae, 'tempos 
donniendi. %Bed in a garden, area; 
areola. Alied, 'area stercore satiata: 
*area titzeis monita (if witk fraaua. 
Couf. PUn., 19, 5, 23). To lay out in 
beda, aieis distingoere : in areas dividereu 
A violetbed, violariom. HAn oyster- 
bed, ostzeaiiom (artifieiat). flBeds of 
sulpknr, sD^horata (sc. loca). |X«y- 
er, Vn>. 

BEDABBLE, aspei^re ; conspergere ; 
respergere; hnmectare. 

BEDAGOLE, inqoinare aliqoid aUqoA 
re : to bedaggle on€s siif, se inqoinare ali- 
qo& re, &K, wilkfiltk, ccsno or sordibos. 

BEDAUB, Hnere ; oblinere ; pertinene ; 
ongere; pemngere; consporcare. 

BEDECK, v., omare ; exomare : witk 
soautking, otoare or exomare, or distin- 
goere afiqod re [Srx. in Bedizen] : ex- 
colere atujo^ re or ornato aUcojus rei, 
e.g.,tke waUa witk marble, paiietes mar- 
moribas: • room witk pi ctare a, cubiculuin 
tabolanon pictaruin <»iiata. I bedeck 
■ty*e{f to please you, me exomo, tibi ot 
placeam: tke heavens bedecked witk stars, 
ccdom astris distiiictDm et oraatnm: 
the ahorea bedecked with dtiea, Utora ori»- 
bos dktiiicta. 

BEDEW, nL, irrorare ; poetieaOu, rare 
rigare; b rdtmrd , wwddos (t) : ta bedem tke 
ckedta Mtfc tears, homectare genas lacrl- 
miB0): lofteftedaeici^hainesceie: theeffa 
is bedewed witk tears, ocolos homectat. 

BED-FELLOW, 'lecti sooosl 

BEOCM. TS., obscoraie (either UteraOy 
or figwratieety): tenetxas offondere tir 
obdoeere aBctd rei or a&oi tfo overcast, 
to tkat any thing is no longer in dear 
Ught, either literally or figurmtivehf) : to 
bedim or wrap in darknesa, noctem oAm- 
dere idicni rei : tke light of a Uaap ia be- 
ii mm id by that ef the aun, eAaem^bar tt 
offimditnr loce solis lomen tKenns: «^ 
livion AaU never bedim-the reaumtnanee 
eftkee, tnam memoriam noHa obiivio ob- 
scozabit: to bedim the r^pidatim, aomini 
ord/Bdn officoe. 

B£DIZEN, omare; exmiaie; adoma- 
re: excolere (to rt i ri /iai with decorationa 
of aU aoru) : diatiiigaere (wkk tkinga 
wkidt, by color, brUlianey, and atker qual- 
itiea,»etafanytking):tobedhtnaspeeck, 
* direwdi non omamenta quaere sed le- 
noebiia (rfter Qmint.^ Proaat. to Book B, 
26): *oratitwiein variare ac distingoers 
qoaii qoilNiadam veibomm senteotia- 
nunqoe lenociniis : to bedizen a narration, 
uarration em gntik et Tenere exomare : 
Pi bedizen a deacration, niiBioni dcpia- 
gene aUqoid : to bedizen on^s failings, xi- 
tia soa focaie, coloiare. " To bedetif 
and "to btdtten" may be tkua diatim 
S7 



B E F I 

guished : " to bedeck'' is simply to adorn ; 
" to bedizen," to set off by excess of ornor 
ments. 

BEDLAM, * domus, qui continentur 
homines insani : he is Jit for Bedlam, huic 
helleboro opus est {Plant., Pseud., 4, 7, 
89) : send him to Bcdlain, naviget Anticy- 
rani {Hor., Sat., 2, 3, 166). 

BEDLAMITE, homo insanus or furio- 
sus. 

BEDRENCH, perfundere aliqua re (to 
saturate with moisture) : bread with water, 
panem aqua : any thing with tears, aliquid 
lacrimis. 

BEDUNG, stercorare ; stercore satiare. 
BEE, apis : little bee, apicula: tame bees, 
apes cicures; wild, apes feree or silves- 
tres : the inale bee, fucus : the bees that 
gather honty, (apes) gerula; : food for 
bees, cibus apium ; sandaraca, cerintbus : 
young bees, apium fetus or soboles ; pul- 
lities : bee-eater, merojjs apiaster (Liv.) : 
beefancicr, apium amore captus ; apes 
colens: bee-hives, apiurium ; alveai-ium : 
queen-bee, *ref^na apium: the ancients 
took the queen-bee for a male, and thence 
called Iter rex or regulus apium : a single 
hive, alvus or alveus ; vasculum ; domi- 
cilium ; tectum (apium) : a swarm of bees, 
examen (apium) : the management of bees, 
apium educatio ; apium cura or cultus ; 
alveorum cura : the hum of a bee, bom- 
bus : the sting of a bee, ictus apis; acule- 
us ; spiculum. 

BEECH, fagus (* fagus silvatica, Liv.) : 
beechen, or made of beech, fageus ; fagi- 
nus ; fagineus. 

BEEF, (caro) bubida : beef-eater, fig., 
corporis custos, or stipator : satelles : mi- 
les prajtorianus {according to Roman cus- 
tom) : beefsteak, carnes bovillae in carbon- 
ibus superimpositffi {Theod., Prise, 1, 7). 
BEER, cerevisia {a beverage made from 
corn, described by Tac, Germ., 23, 1, hu- 
mor ex hordco aut fnimcnto in quaiidam 
simiUtudinem vini corruptus) : to brae 
beer, * cerevisiam coquere : to sell beer, 
*cere\'isiam divcndere ; also cauponara 
exercere : a brewer of beer, * cerevisiie 
coctor : the art of brewing beer, * ars core- 
visiae coquendiB : vinegar made of beer, 
* acetum cerevisias : a ban-el of beer, * do- 
lium cerevisiae : a pot of beer, * lagena 
cerevisiae : a glass of beer, * vitrum cere- 
visia3 : a beer-cellar, * cella cerevisiaria. 

BEET, beta : beet-root or red beet, beta 
rubra {Flin.). 

BEETLE, scarabffius {an insect). \\ Fia- 
tiica {a rammer to drive stakes into the 
gromid) : pavicida {an instrument used 
in paving, or in leveling the ground) : tu- 
des : tudicula {the latter used for pound- 
ing olives. Col.). II Beetle-headed, bardus : 
beetle-browed, tristi or torvo supercilio. 

BEETLE, v., prominere : projici : pro- 
jectum esse (e. g., of a town running out 
into the sea, in altum) : procurrere, excur- 
rere (ab aliqud re — in aliquid of peninsu- 
las, &c., running out into the sea). 

BEEVES, pecus bubulum or comu- 
tum; boves. 

BEF.^LL, accidcre ; evenire ; contin- 
gere ; obvenire ; obtingere (accidere and 
evenire denote both favorable and unfa- 
vorable occurrences ; but the accidentia, un- 
expected, overtaking us by surprise ; the 
eveuientia, expected, foreseen : contingere, 
obvenire, obtingere, are generally confined 
to fortunate occurrences;- the accidentia 
are fortuitous, the evenientia result from 
foregoing acts or circumstances ; the con- 
tingentia arc the favors of fortune ; the 
obtingentia and obvenienha are what falls 
to one's lot. Dud.). To bear wltatever may 
befall, qucmcunquo sors tulerit casum 
subire. 

BEFIT, aptiim, accommodatum esse 
alicui rei or ad aliquid ; idoneum esse ad 
aliquid : convonire ad aliquid {be suitable 
to the nature of any thing, and therefore 
befitting it). P" ■^-' Neither responderc ali- 
cui rei, nor quadrare ad aliquid, nor con- 
gruere alicui rei, are here ajrpllcable : dc- 
cerc with an accusative of the person {be- 
come) : iequum est ; par est, with an infin- 
itive ; convgnit, with an accusative and in- 
finitive {it is jrroper, &c.), it is not befit- 
ting, non decet ; not at all befitting, mini- 
me decet, both with the accusative and in- 
58 



B E F O 

finitivc : it is not at all befitting for an 
orator to be in a passion, oratorem irasci 
minime decet : " it befits" is sometimes 
translated by est with the genitive ; as, it 
befits a young man, est juvenis ; but if the 
object is a j'crsonal pronoun, tlie possessive 
pronoun takes its place ; as, it befits thee, 
tuum est. 

BEFOOL, infatuare {to lead one to com- 
mit a folly, a silliness) : occsecare {to 
blind) : pellicere {to make a fool of by al- 
lurements of a youth or maiden) : aliquem 
lactare et falsa spe producere {to feed 
any body with false hopes) : decipere {to 
deceive) : in fraudem impellers. To be 
befooled, in fraudem deduci. 

BEFORE, II to express priority in space 
and time : ante {before, without reference 
to nearness or distance, denotes the relation 
of precedence with reference to a subsequent 
object, and is opposed to " behind," whether 
in time or space) : ob {before, in space 
only, with reference to the surface of an ob- 
ject) : pro {before, forward : of direction 
or position with reference to an object be- 
hind it) : before my censorship, consulship, 
(fcc, ante me censorem, consulem : before 
his death, ante obitum, vivus. The day 
before, pridie ejus diei : abhinc {ago : 
reckoning back from tlie present time ; the 
numeral and its substantive may be either 
in the accusative or ablative, but it must be 
a cardinal, not an ordinal, and abhinc 
must stand first; e. g., four years before the 
present time, abhinc quatuor annos) : to 
sail before the wind, secundo vento cur- 
sum tenere : before the city, ante urbem : 
before the camp, ante castra ; pro castris ; 
before the door, ante januam ; a janua 
(e. g., to look out before the door, a janu4 
prospicere). 1 have that always before my 
eyes, id mihi semper obversatur ante ocu- 
los {Cic.) : before the feet, ante pedes : be- 
fore the eyes, ante oculos (positum esse) ; 
ob oculos (versari) ; ante oculos versari : 
before the time, ante tempus ; ante diem : 
a long time before, dim : to ride before 
any body, aliquem equo antoire : to go be- 
fore any body, aliquem anteire, antecede- 
re, antegredi. He died before his father, 
prior quam pater moriebatur : to drive a 
herd before one, praB se armentum agere : 
to send any body before one, aliquem ante 
se mittere ; pra^mittere : to have the river 
before one, flumen pra3 se habere : he ar- 
rived two days before me, biduo me antc- 
cessit {Cic). \\ In the presence of, 
coram : before any body, coram aliquo ; 
praesente aliquo ; inspectante aliquo : to 
speak before the people, conuu populo di- 
cere {if the pcojtle are accidentally pres- 
ent) ; apud populura dicere {if the people 
are officially present) : to praise any body 
before his face, aliquem in os laudare. 
\\ Sometimes "before" is rendered in 
Latin merely by a case ; e. g., to rise or 
stand up before any body, alicui assurge- 
re : to humble one's self before any body, 
alicui se demittere : tojlee before any body, 
aliquem or alicujus aspectum fugere : 
ante {standing before, especially in com- 
parison with one other) : praeter {beyond, 
more than, (fee), l^^^l'rietnever implies 
such pre-emine7ice as may exist among 
equals, but a putting aside of all the rest 
in comparisorl with this ("Si dicas, 'hie 
est praj cetf ris dignus,' hoc dicaa : hie 
dignus est, ceteri non item," Frotsdier). 
II "Before" of pre-eminence or com- 
parative superiority : to stand before 
Alexander {to surpass him), ante Alexan- 
drum esse : to love any body before others, 
aliquem preeter ceteros amaro {but not 
aliquem pra3 ceteris amare, which would 
mean to lore any body alone, and not to 
love others) : to be before all others in 
worth, prajtcr ceteros dignum esse {not 
j)ra) ceteris dignum esse, i. e., alone wor- 
thy, others not being so) : to be before any 
body in any thing, prajstaro alicui aliqua 
re ; anlecellere aUcui aliquA re. || ^J^mnc- 
times " before" means ^'^ under the juris- 
diction ;" as, to bring any body before 
the judge, aliquem ad judicem adduccro : 
to summon before a court, aliquem in jus 
vocare. 

BIOFORE, without case, is often ren- 
dered by ante or pras in composition : an- 
te, antca ; antehac (pefore this, hitherto) : 



BEG 

prius, citius ; in fronte ; ante pectus, la 
pectore ; supra {above) : go you before, 1 
will follow, I prae ; sequar. I ought to 
have declared the matter before, oportuit 
rem praenarrasse me : you must speak be- 
fore, we afterward, vos priores esse opor- 
tet, nos posterius dicere : to go bej'ore, 
praeire, priorem ire : the enemy pressing 
on them before, quum hostis instaret a 
fronte : shortly before, paulo ante : long 
before, multo ante, ante multo, longe ante : 
a few days before, paucis ante diebus, pau- 
cis diebus ante : bej'ore you come to tht 
gate, priusquara ad portam venias : the 
year before he died, anno antequatn mor- 
tuus est : he who was consul the year be- 
fore, superioris anni consul : as I have 
said before, ut supra dixi, ut supra die- 
tuna est : to taste before, praigustare : 
never before, antehac nunquam, nunquam 
ante hunc diem. || Before, befure that {of 
time), prius quam or priusquam, ante 
quam or antequam, antea quam or antea- 
quam {all with indicative or subjunctive) : 
before I depart this life, antequam ex hac 
vita migro : the year before I icas censor, 
anno ante me censorem : the day before 
I wrote these things, pridie quam haec 
scripsi : before any authority came from 
you, nondum interposita auctoritate ves- 
tra. \\ Before, bcforetime, in former 
time, olim, quondam. || Rather, soon- 
er, potius, citius, prius; rather titan, 
potius quam, citius quam, prius quam. 
/ will die before I, &c., mori malo, quam, 
etc. \\ Already, jam, dudum, jam du- 
dum. II Before-mentioned, quem (quam, 
quod) supra dixi — qui supra dictus est 
{not supra dictus, memoratus, nomina- 
tus). 

BEFOREHAND, adv. : to be befort- 
hand, paratum promtumque esse ; with 
any thing, providere, instruore aliquid ; 
in expedite habere ahquid : to have money 
beforehand, pecuniam in numerato, or 
prae manu habere. " Beforehand" is often 
translated by prae or ante iyi composition i 
to take any thing beforehand, aliquid prae- 
cipere {Jurist.) : to determine any thing 
beforehand, aliquid praefinire, prffistituerec 
to be on one's guard beforehand, prasca- 
vere : to be beforehand with any body in 
any thing, prajvenire aliquem aliqua re : 
to be beforehand with any body's wishes, 
desideria alicujus prajvenire : to pay be- 
forehand, in antecessum dare or solvere 
{post-Augustan) ; ante tempus or ante 
dictum diem solvere : repraesentare {pay 
down at once). 

BEFOUL, inquinare aliquid (aliqud re) : 
to befoul one's self with any thing, se in- 
quinare aliqua re, e. g., with dirt, coeno 
or sordibus ; maculare ; commaculare ; 
maculis aspergere ; spurcare ; conspur- 
care. 

BEFRIEND, favere alicui, alicujus re- 
bus or partibus {to befriend both in will 
and action) : alicui studere ; alicujus esse 
studiosum {to befriend by affection and 
kindness): juvare, adjuvare aliquem (op- 
plicahle both to persons and to lucky cir- 
cumstances) : esse alicui adjumcnto ; af- 
ferre aUeui adjumentum {applicable toper- 
sons only): fovere aliquem: fovere ac 
tollere ahquem : sustinere ac fovere ali- 
quem ; gratia et aiictoritate sua sustentare 
aliquem {to befriend any body in refer- 
ence to civil honors) : bcncvolentiS ali- 
quem prosequi : benevolentiam alicui 
prffistare, or in aliquem conferre {show 
hijn kindness, good-will. Sec): Buffragari 
alicui {to give him one's role, interest, &c.) : 
prosperare aliquem ; obsecundare alicui 
{nf favorable circumstance.i). \\ To he be- 
friended by any body, gratiosum nlicui, 
or apud aUquem esse : by nature, naturam 
faxitricem habere (in aliqud re). The 
ships, being befriended by darkness, reached 
the land, naves noctis intenentu ad ter- 
ram pervcnerunt. 

BEG, TR,, II (0 request, pray for, 
rogare. orare aliquem aliquid : (lagitare ; 
efflagitare aliquid ab aliquo {with eas^emess 
and impetuosity) : to beg the gods, precari 
a diis ; precatione uti ; precationcm ad 
deos facere : to beg humbly any thing 
from any body, eupplicare alicui pro re : 
petcrc, postulare suppliciter aliquid ab al> 
quo ; orai'e aliquem supvlicibus verbis 



B EGI 

crare <w rogare aliquem suppliciter : to 
btg importunaUly and almost with tears, 
omnibus precibus, pane lacrimis etiam 
obsecrare aliquem : to beg in the most 
earnest manner, aliquem ita rogare,. ut 
majore studio rogare non possim : to htg 
the life of a malefactor, petere vitam no- 
centi : Ut me beg of you, oratua 3is ; rogad 
sitia or estote : let me beg and beseech you, 
quiJBSo, oro, obsecro. 1| To beg the (fa- 
vor of any body's) company, aliquem 
invitare, vocare : to beg any body's com- 
pany to dinner, aliquem ad coenam vocare 
or invitare : to beg any body's company at 
on^s house, aliquem domum suam invita- 
1^ [condicere alicui, with or without coe- 
nam, or ad coenam, is to invite one's self; 
to fix to dine with any body]. 
BEG, ixtranSt mendicare : stipem co- 

fere or colligere (to beg alms) : of any 
ody, mendicare or emendicare stipem ab 
aliquo (Suet., Oct., 91) : from house to 
house, * ostiatim stipem cogere : to live by 
begging, mendicando or mendicantem 
vivere ; stipe precaria victitare (Ammian., 
26, 10). 

BEGET, gignere (general term of men, 
animals, &c.) : generare (more select ex- 
pression : of the gods, nature. Sec.) : gig- 
nere et procreare : liberos procreare ; 
liberis (sc. procreandis) operam dare ; 
liberos ex (not ab) aliqua gignere ; liberos 
ex (not ab) aliqua sustulisse or suscepis- 
Be. Only-begotten, unicus (not unigeni- 
tus, which, however, may be retained as a 
technical term in theology). || Fig., to 
cause, creare (e. g., periculum, errorem, 
Toluptatem) : procreare (periculum) : 
parere (dolorem, tsedium, sonmum). To 
beget suspicion in any body, suspicionem 
alicui movere, importare, facere, efficere, 
dare, prajbere : also suspicionem parere, 
Nep. : hesitation, doubt, dubitationem ali- 
cui inferre, injicere, also dare, Cos. ; some 
doubt, nonaullam in dubitationem aliquem 
adducere : fear in any body, timorem ali- 
cui facere, injicere, incutere. 

BEGGAR, mendicus : beggar-woman, 
* mulier mendicans : as proud as a beg- 
gar, stulta ac mendica arrogantia elatua 
(Ces., B. C, 3, 59) : a beggar's walla, 
mendici pera : a beggar's brat, * puer (or 
puella) mendicans : as poor as a beggar, 
m gumma egestate or mendicitate esse ; 
in summa mendicitate vivere ; vitam in 
egestate degere. 

BEGG.\R, TB., ad rerum omnium ino- 
piam redigere ; ad famem rejicere ; om- 
nibus bonis evertere : to beggar one's self, 
ad meudicitatem se detrudere (Plant., 
Men., X 3, 21) : one who is beggared, ali- 
cui res ad rastros rediit (a comic expres- 
sion) : to be beggared, ad rerum onmium 
iuopiam redigi. 

BEGGARLY, mendicus (like a beggar) : 
miser (wretched) : exilis (mean). Adv, 
exiliter : a beggarly affair, res vilissima 
or levissima; luteum opus or negotium 
((Tfc, Verr., 4, 14, 32). 

BEGG.4.RY, mendicitas (irrwxE'a) - 
egestas (want of necessaries) ; egestas ac 
mendicitas : to rescue any body from beg- 
gary, precario victu liberare aliquem 
(Curt., 4, 14, 23) : to be reduced to beg- 
gary, * ad mendicitatem redigi ; ad pu- 
dendam paupertatem delabi; bonis ex- 
hauriri 

BEGIN, incipere ; inchoare ; ordiri or 
exordiri (incipere denotes beginning, in 
\rpposition to leaving off; opposed to ces- 
sare, desinere, &c. : inchoare, in opposi- 
tion to completing ; opposed to perficere, 
peraaere, &c. : ordiri or exordiri, in op- 
position to advancement : opposed to con- 
tinuare, pergere, &c.. Dad.) : initium fa- 
cere alicujus rei : aggredi aliquid, or ad 
aliquid faciendum (to begin, or set to, to 
*ny thing) : to begin a statue, signum in- 
stituere : coepisee (followed by an infini- 
tive) : he began the slaughter trith me, cas- 
dis initium fecit a me : to begin again, 
alicujus rei telam retexere. jy^ Before 
the passive infinitive the perfect o/ccepisse 
is coeptus est, or coeptum est: we are be- 
ginning to be consulted, consul! coepti 
sumus : they begin throwing the vessels. 
vasa conjici ccepta sunt : to begin a speech, 
initium tlisi-ndi facere ; esordior dicere ; 
vggredi ad dicendum : to begin a lawsuit. 



BE GO 

litem intendere alicm ; a quarrel or action, 
causam jurgii inferre. Iktb^ incipere 
(of persons and things) : initium facere, 
with any body or any thing (i e., to take 
him or it first), ab aliquo or ab aliqui re : 
let my speech end where it began, unde est 
orsa, in eo terminetur oratio: the new 
year begins with sharp frosts, frigoribos 
noTus incipit annus (Oc., Fast., 1, 149) : 
the name begins with a C., C est princi- 
pium nomini (Plaut., Trin., 4, 2, 70) : one 
division of the GauU begins at the Shone, 
GaUorum una pars a Rbodano incipit : 
the country of the Belgte begins at the ex- 
tremity of Gaul, Belgee ab extremis Gal- 
liae iinibus oriuntur. The ridge begins 
at the sea, jugum montis a mari sui|;iL 
II To be in an incipient state; most- 
ly translated by inchoative verbs in scere : 
it begins to grow light, lucescit ; dilucea- 
cit ; illucescit : it begins to be warm, cales- 
cit II Idiomatic uses : why don't you 
begin f quid stas? quid statis? the battle 
begins, proBlium committitur ; hostea 
acie concurrunL Never, &c., since the 
world began, nunquam, 6cc., post homi- 
nes natos, post hominum memoriam (not 
post initium or ab initio mundi) : to begin 
tceli and end badly, bonis initiis ordiri, 
tristes exitus habere (of events). || " To 
begin" may sometimes be translated by pri- 
mum : to begin by telling one's name, no- 
men primum memorare. 

BEGINNER, auctor (the beginner, or 
person with whom the plan or idea origin- 
ated): instimulator; concitator ; instimu- 
lator et concitator (the beginner, or first 
mover, e. g., of a mutiny. Sec.). [Vid. Atr- 
THOB.] II He who is learning the 
rudiments of any thing, elementari- 
us (especially in writing and reading. 
Sen., Ep., 36, 4) : tiro ; rudis ; tiro ac ru- 
dis in aUqai re (unexercised in any thing) : 
a beginner in any service is novicius (ap- 
plied by the ancients to a new slave) : to be 
a beginner, prima elementa discere ; pri- 
mis elementis or Uteris imbui : to be still 
a beginner, *in tirociniis haerere: to be 
something more than a beginner, paulum 
aliquid ultra primas literas progressum 
esse. 

BEGINNING, initium (the point from 
which any thing begins: opposed to exi- 
tus) : principium (the beginning, as that 
part of the whole which stands before the 
other parts in things, and goes before them 
in actions : opposed to extremum) : pri- 
mordium (the beginning as the primeval 
source and origin of any thing) : orsus ; 
exorsus ; inceptio (have an active mean- 
ing) : tirocinium (the first attempts or ex- 
periments) : limen/ar "beginning" (e. g., 
belU) is to be avoided as a poetical expres- 
sion. "Beginning" is often rendered by 
primus, a, imi ; e. g^ prima epistols ver- 
ba, the beginning of a letter (Sen., Ep., 15, 
1) : the beginning of a disturbance, primus 
tiunultus (Liv., 1,S): the beginning of a 
speech, prima orationis verba ; exordium, 
prooemium (the introduction, never initi- 
um) : the beginning of an art or science, 
elementa ; rudimenta ; incunabula : the 
beginning of a play, commissio : at the 
beginning of spring, vere novo, or ine- 
unte vere; inito vere (if it has begun) : 
at the beginning of night, prima nocte ; 
primo vespere : at the beginning of day, 
prima luce : to relate from the begin n ing, 
ab ultimo initio repetere ; altius ordiri et 
repetere : to relate from beginning to end, 
ordine rem onmem narrare : from begin- 
iring to end, a carceribus usque ad cdl- 
cem (PKOVEEB) : the beginning of the 
world, principia or primordia rerum : 
from the beginning of the world, post 
homines natos ; post hominum memori- 
am (after negatives) : without beginning 
or end, aetemus : to have neither begin- 
ning nor end, nee principium. nee finem 
habere : the end suits the beginning, prin- 
cipiis consentiunt exitus : from the be- 
ginning, a principio : in the beginning, 
principio. 

BEGIRD, to bind round nrith any thing, 
cingere or succingere aliquem aliqua re ; 
accingere alicui aliquid : to begird ontfs 
self cingere se, or cingi, or accingi aliquA 
re. 
I BEGONE, amove te hinc, abi in malam 



B E HA 

rem 1 begone, ye projane'. prccul este 
profani ! begone from my sight, abscede 
procul e conspectu meo ! facesse hinc I 
ap6ge te ! apage iis ! begone and be hang- 
ed I abi in malam rem, or in malam cm- 
cem (comic) ; quin tu abis in malam pes- 
tem, malumque cruciatum ? (Cic , Phil., 
13, 21, 48). 

BEGREASE, linere ; oblinere ; per- 
linere : ungere ; perungere (with any fat 
substance) : to begrease the paper with any 
thing, iUinere aliquid chartis (Hor., Sat., 
1,4,36). 

BEGRIME, fnligine oblinere; begrimed, 
foligine oblitus. 

BEGRUBGE, invidere alicui : to be- 
grudge a little, subinvidere alicui : in- 
videre alicui aliquid ; invidere alicui hon- 
orem ; nullius equidem invideo honorL 

BEGUILE, firaudem or taUaciam alicui 
facere ; dolum ahcni nectere, contingere ; 
decipere ; faUere : he completely beguiled 
his companions, socios induxit, decepit, 
destituit, omni fraude et perfidid fefellit : 
circumvenire : fraude aut dolo capere i 
eludere : alicui imponere : alicui facum 
facere : alicui verba dare : to beguile or 
balk, frustrari : to beguile or lead by the 
nose, circumducere (comic) : to beguile 
any body of any thing, defirandare ali- 
quem aliqud re : to beguile any body of 
his money, aliquem circumducere or cir- 
cumvertere argento ; aliquem emungere 
argentb; perfabricare aliquem (the last 
two comic expressions) : to beguile his 
creditors, firaudare creditores : to attempt 
to beguile any body, fraude aliquem ten- 
tare ; faUaciam intendere in aliquem : 
hope beguiled me, spes me fefellit, or des- 
tituit, or firustrata est : to beguile time, 
fallere boras : to beguile the long night, 
epatiosam fallere noctem (Ovid). 

BEGUILER, Itaudator: homo ad fal- 
lendum paratus, or instructus : circum- 
Bcriptor : quadruplator (one who by tricks 
and chicanery seeks to get the property of 
others into his own power) : veterator; 
homo totus ex fraude factus (opposed to 
homo sine fiico et fallaciis). 

BEHALF, U3U3 : commodum : in my 
behalf mea caus& ; meam ob causam : 
propter me (in behaff or an account of 
me) : meo nomine (tn my bAalf or per- 
son) : meis verbis (in my behalf or tn my 
name ; e. g., salute him in my name, where 
meo nomine would not be Latin) : pro me 
(in my behalf or stead ; in behalf of any 
thing or any body, alicujus causa or gra- 
tia ; tn thy behalf, tua causa). 

BEHAVE, se gerere (with adverb): to 
behave with propriety, honeste se gerere : 
to behave as any body, gerere or agere ali- 
quem ; agere pro aliquo (L e., to behave as 
or represent any body : so agere or gerere 
aliquem, and se agere pro aliquo are in- 
correct; but ee gerere pro aliquo is cor- 
rect ; as, se pro cive gerere, to act as a 
citizen, Ctc, Arch., 5) : to behave toward 
any body suitably to his rank, dignitati aU- 
cujus consulere : to behave liberally to- 
ward any body, aliquem liberaUter habere : 
to behave harshly toward any body, aliquem 
aspere tractare. 1^°" With se gerere an 
adverb should be used, not an adjective: 
not se modestum, immodestum, urba- 
num, &C., gerere, but modeste, tmmo- 
deste, urbane, &c., se gerere. To behave 
in a matter, se gerere in re: to behave 
foolishly in a matter, * prsepostere agere 
rem. It is characteristic of a great man 
to behave himself in so high an office in 
such a manner as, Sec, permagni hominis 
est, sic se adhibere in tant4 pbtestate, ut, 
&c. II \Vei,i,-behated, bene morwtua 
(morally): raodestxis (showing mod^ .ion 
and good breeding). lUrbehaved, rudis • 
incnltus. 

BEHAVIOR, Vivendi ratio, or from con- 
text, ratio alone : mores : good behavior. 
morom probitas : bad behavior, mali 
mores ; morum perveraitas ; improhitas: 
what sort of behavior is that ? quid istic 
mos est 1 7^ young woman's behavior is 
somewhat, or too, light, ingenium liberius 
quam virginem decet (Lir.) : behavior to- 
ward any body, * ratio qu4 quis utitur 
adversus aliquem : good behavior, boni 
mores, vita bene morata ; urbanit;.!^. hu- 
manitaa : unassuming, modest behavior^ 
59 



B E H 

modestia : unbecoming, improper behav- 
ior, impudentia : obliging behavior, liber- 
alitas ; officium : attentive behavior, obser- 
vantia : proud, insolent, haughty behavior, 
•uperbia. insolentia : to be bound to one's 
good behavior, ad bene se gerendum 
obligari : to 6s on one's behavior to any 
one, observare aliquem. |M?V, bearing, 
habitus, gestus : a noble behavior, ad dig- 
nitatem apposita forma et species : in the 
motion of the body, dignitas motus. \\ Ele- 
gance, gracefulness, decor, decorum, 
decentia ; urbanitas, politior humanitas ; 
elegantia. 

B£HEAD. To behead any body, caput 
alicujus praecidere (with the sword ; it 
would be wrong to say caput cervicibus 
abscidere, unless the person is first stran- 
gled, Cic, Phil., ii., 2: cervicibus fractis 
caput abscidit) : securi ferire, or percu- 
tare (with the axe, as the instrument used 
by the execiaioner) : decoUare (as a gen- 
eral term, post-Aicgustan, Sen., and Suet., 
and even then rejected from the more ele- 
vated style). 
BEHEST. Vid. Command. 
BEHIND, adv., prep., and adj., pone, post 
(opposed to ante) : post tergum (behind 
the back: opposed to ante pectus) : a tergo 
(from behind: opposed to adversus, or a 
latere. Vid. Sal, i. Ep. de Ord. Rep., 3. 2 : 
neque adversus, neque a tergo, aut lateri- 
bus tutus est) : to look behind, oculos re- 
torquere : to kick out behind, recalcitrare 
(* Hor., Sat., 2, 1, 20), or calces remlttere : 
behind the house, (in) aversa parte domus ; 
in posdco ; (in) postica parte Kdivan ; (in) 
postlc^ domo (in the building or wing 
that is behind) : the garden was behind the 
house, hortus erat postlcis KMum parti- 
bua : to attack any body from behind, ali- 
quem aversum or a tergo aggredi, inva- 
dere : to receive a wound behind the ear, 
secundum aurem vulnus accipere (vid. 
Herz., C<cs., B. G., 7, 34, erXr.) : to leave a 
jierson behind, post se relinquere: prse- 
currere: to leave any body far behind, ali- 
quem procul a se relinquere : behind any 
body's back (=^in any body's absence, or 
without any body's knowledge), post ter- 
gum ; clam aliquo or inscio aliquo : be- 
hind the mountain, ad terga mentis : a 
man died and left three daughters behind 
him, quidam decedens tres filias reUquit : 
to leave debts behind one, ass alienum re- 
linquere. \\ Behi7id, out of sight, be- 
hind the cxirtain, obscurus, obscurior, 
reconditus, in recondite : there is some 
evil behind, aliquid mali subest : to be be- 
hind, i. e., left, remaining, reliquum esse, 
relinqui, restare, superesse. 7 desire to 
hear all that is beliind, reliqua cupio scire 
omnia : what remains now behind ? quid 
nunc porro ? is there any more mischief 
yet beJnnd ? numquid est aliud mali re- 
liquum ? there is one work yet behind, unus 
Euperest labor. 

BEHINDHAND, to be behindhand with 
any body, ab aliquo superari : I will not 
be behindhand, non posteriores feram 
(vid. Ruhnk., Tcr., Ad., 5, 4, 26) : to be be- 
hindhand in learning, parum proficere, 
or procedere in Uteris : in money matters, 
reliquari (fo be in arrears. Pandect.) : at- 
ti'Itis esse t'acult«tibus ; in rei f;uniliaris 
angustiis esse (to be in embarrassed cir- 
cumstances) : not to be behindhand in any 
thing, in aliqu^ re progressus facero. 

BEHOLD, aspicere aliquera or aliquid: 
oculos in aliquid conjicere or convertere 
(to cast eyes on) : spectare ; aspectare 
(with attention). Vid. To See, Gaze, 
Look (at). 

BfJHOLD, interj., ecce (points at some- 
thing as appearing suddenly and unex- 
pectedly) : en (points at something as not 
observed from prejudice, aversion, or some 
euch feeling. Both usually with tlie nomin- 
ative, and only ecce (in comedy) with ac- 
cusative, of a pronoun : eccum, eccam, ec- 
cos are the contracXed forms of ecce eum, 
ecce earn, ecce eos) : behold, or there is, 
your letter, ecce liter* tufe: behold, here 
I am, ecce me : behold, there he is, eccum 
adcst : behold, there is the very man I was 
looking' for, eccum qucm quserebam : be- 
hold, that is the reason, en causa : behold, 
thar is it that makes the others believe, en 
sur ceteri arbitrentur. 
«9 



B E L I 

BEHOLDEN. To be beholden to any 
body, alicui obnoxium esse ; alicujus bene- 
ficiis obligatum esse : to be much beholden 
to arty body, alicui multum, or multabene- 
fieia, debere : I shall be exceedingly be- 
Itolden to you, gratissimum mihi facies ; 
hoc mihi gratius facere nihil potes. 

BEHOOF, usus ; commodum. 

BEHOOVE, decere aliquem : it be- 
hooves, decet or convenit (followed by an 
accusative and an infinitive) : >portet (fol- 
lowed also by an accusative, a^.d an infini- 
tive is used when moral obligation is im- 
plied). 

BEING, \\existence. The Latins ex- 
press this notion by the verb esse ; e. g., 
he denies the being of the gods, nullos esse 
deos putat ; deos esse negat : he asserts 
the being of the gods, deos esse dicit : he 
utterly rejects the being of a God, deum 
ex rerum natura tollit : to fulfill tlie pur- 
pose of 07ie's being, *legi, qua nati sumus, 
respondere or satisfacere. || Being, par- 
ticiple. Vid. Be. [Ibeingpresent,viie-prai- 
sente (not in mea prassentia) ; coram me.] 

BELABOR, pulsare (to beat soundly): 
verberibus csedere (to baste thoroughly) : 
verberibus castigare (to punish either 
pugilistically or with a cudgel) : verberi- 
bus or flagris implere ; male mulcare ; 
verberibus subigere or irrigare; verberi- 
bus mulcare (all comic expressions). 

BELATED. Vid. Benighted. 

BELCH, v., ructare : to cause to belch, 
ructus gignere, or movere, or facere, or 
ciere. 

BELCH, s., ructus ; stomachi redunda- 
tio. 

BELDAM, anicilla ; vetula (old woman) : 
maga ; benefica (witch). 

BELEAGUER, obsidere ; circum se- 
dere ; obsidionem (urbi) inferre ; in obsi- 
dione habere or ten ere ; obsidione clau- 
dere, premere : operibus cingere ; operi- 
bus claudere, omnique commeatu privare 
(all answering to the Greek trtpiKpoSKa- 
dfiadai, to blockade) : oppugnare ; oppug- 
natione premere ; opera (urbi) admovere 
(answering to the Greek ■no\topKciv, -npo?- 
BdWeiv, to storm) : to beleaguer on all 
sides, corona cingere, circumdare; coro- 
n4 (moenia) aggredi ; circumvallare (to 
surround with a line of circumvallation). 

BELFRY, * trabium compages, in qu4 
campana pendet. 

BELIE, counterfeit, imitari, imitan- 
do exprimere or effingere ; mentiri (poet- 
ical). II Give the lie to, mendacii coar- 
guere. \\ Misrepresent, depravare rem 
narrando. || Calumniate, criminari, 
de famEl or existimatione alicujus detra- 
here. 

BELIEF, fides (assured belief) -. opinio 
(opinion, view) : persuasio (firm convic- 
tion). \\ Creed, * formula Christiana: 
lex Christiana (the latter Amrnianus, of a 
Christian's "ride of faith"). An article 
of the belief, *caput doctrinss sacral (caput 
or articulus fidcd, barbarous) : locus doc- 
trinse sacrse. The universal belief about a 
thing, omnium opinio de re. A belief that 
poison had been administerd by some one, 
persuasio veneni ab aliquo accepti. Ac- 
cording to my belief, ut ego existimo ; mek 
quidem opinione ; ut mihi quidem vide- 
tur. The common belief that. Sic, vulgata 
opinio, quu creditur, &c. Easy of belief, 
credulus. Hard of belief, incrcdulus. 
Past belief, incredibilis ; incredibile quan- 
tum, supra quam credibile est. Worthy 
of belief, fide dignus, fidus, certus, bonus, 
locuples, luculentus ; credibihs ; proba- 
bilis : unworthy of belief, levis nee satis 
fidus (e.g., auctor). \\ In an ecclesias- 
tical sense, fides (belief , faith) : doctn- 
na, formula, lex (objectively, doctrine, pro- 
fession, law), lex Christiana (Ammian.) : 
relirio (religion, generally ; as, relieio 
Christiana, Eutrop., Arnob.). Ipg^ Krebs, 
after Muretus, advises the retention o/ fides 
Christiana as a technical term. To fight 
for his belief, pro religionibus suis pug- 
nare (defend it with the sword) ; pro reli- 
gionibus suis bellum (or -a) suscipere. 
Belief in (the existence of) a God, opinio 
Dei : nobody shall drive me from my belief 
in tiie immortality of the soul, nemo me 
de immortalitate depellet (Cic.) : the com- 
mon belief, that, &c., vulgata opinio qui 



B E L X 

creditur, &c. (Liv., 40, 2J) : to have or 
hold a wrong belief on any subject, non 
recte credere de re (Cic.) : not to deserve 
any belief (of a thing), fidem or nuUam 
fidem habere. 

BELIEVE, credere (denotes belief a» 
grounded on testimony) : putare (to be- 
lieve, as one who casts up the reasons for 
and against: often of one who does not 
see the errors of his calculation =i " imag. 
ine^'): arbitrari (properly, to pronounce an 
opinion as an arbiter: often of forming 
the most probable opinion one can from 
uncertain data) : videri (of what seems to 
one true at first sight, or as far as orip's 
means of examining and judging extend : 
the construction is, mihi videtur aliquis err 
aliquid, or videor with infinitive: I believe 
you speak the truth, videris vera loqui : / 
believe that I see you, te videre videor) : 
opinari (to be of opinion, to imagine: of 
conjectural belief founded on what seem 
probable grounds) : animum or in animum 
inducere (to arrive at the notion ; to per- 
suade one's self: with infinitive, he believes 
that he may, inducit animum sibi licere, 
Cic.) : reri (to hold any thing as one's 
private opinion, formed on reasonable 
grounds, &c. : according to Cic, De Or., 
3, 38, 153, a rather poetical word, which, 
however, may, if used judiciously, give 
spirit and a somewhat antique coloring to 
a discourse ; hence he uses it himself not 
uncommonly, especially in his philosophical 
works. The principal forms that occur are 
the present and imperfect indicative) : ex- 
istimare : ducere (to estimate ; to hold an 
opinion after passing judgment on the 
worth of its grounds, &c. : testimare is 
not used in this sense) : censere (to pro- 
nounce judgment with the authority of a 
censor, or of a senator giving his vote : 
thence to hold any thing to be good and 
profitable ; and also to hold an opiiiion de- 
liberately) : autumare in the sense of " be- 
lieving," "holding an opinion," is not 
without authority (e. g., Pacuv. in Non., 
237, 2; Hor., Sat., 2, 3, 45, where it =cen- 
set), but does not belong to the prose of the 
Golden Age : to believe easily, facile ad- 
duci (not induci) ad credendum ; facile 
ad credendum impelli : to believe any 
thing (habitually and foolishly), alicui rei 
servire ; e. g., to believe uncertain rumors, 
incertis rumoribus servire (CiBs.) : I firm- 
ly believe, (mihi) persuasum or persuasis- 
simum est: hoc or illud mihi certe per- 
guadeo, or persuasi : persuasum habere 
(allz=I am convinced, with accusative and 
infinitive : ^^^ persuasum habeo is much 
less common than mihi persuasum est, or 
mihi persuasi. With mihi persuasi only 
a pronoun can stand as the objective: hoc 
mihi persuasi. With persuasum habere 
the dative of the pronoun is extremely rare, 
the only passage being sibi persuasum 
habebant (Ca-s., B. G., 3, 2, e7id). Hence 
avoid mihi persuasum habeo). || To 
make any body believe any thing, alicui ali- 
quid or de aliquEi re probare (Cic. ; ali- 
cui aliquid credibile facere is New Latin, 
though credibile aliquid facere is right, 
Krebs). To make any body believe that, 
&c., persuadere alicui or hoc peri^uadere 
alicui, with accusative and infinitive. 1 
shall not be made, led. induced, or per- 
suaded to belirre this, hoc quidem non ad- 
ducor, ut credam ; non facile adducar (not 
inducar) ad credendum. I am not per- 
suaded to believe that, (fee, non adducor or 
ndducai' (with accusative and infinitive, 
without any verb of believing; e. g., Cic, 
Div., 1, 18, 35, nee adducar aut in extis 
totam Etruriam delirare, &c., Orell. ; but 
many MSS. read adducar ut rear, &c.) : 
to make the people believe, opinionem popu- 
lo afterre (Cic). I can hardly be induced 
to believe, illuc adduci vix possum, ut, 
(fee. They tried to make the people believe 
that Pompey wished, &c., in eam opinio- 
nem rem adducebant, ut Pompeius cupere 
videretur. / cari not but believe that, non 
possum in animum inducere, quin, &c. 
(Liv.) I am more inclined to believe, ma- 
gis ut arbitrer (with accusative and in- 
finitive) inclinat animus (vid. Liv., 7, 9) 
Not to believe any body or any thins, alicui, 
or alicui rei fidem abrogare, or derogare. 
Ij To believe in any thing, aliquid 



BELL 

ene ajbitrari or credere (L e^ ti» ttt «i- 
teence : for digermce betipeen arbitrari 
mnd credere, rid. abate : to believe m a 
God, or in Ike existence of a God, Devon 
esse credere; Tim et naturam esse di- 
Tinam arbitrari: aUo Deum or Deos cre- 
dere [Sen^ Ep., 95], Deum or Deos pn- 
tare [Cic^ Dic^ 1, 46, 104]. Hence, " I 
believe in one Ood," not credo in nnuiii 
Denm, but credo nnam Deam) : credere 
de re (e. g^ ■•«» are biU too ready to be- 
lieve m tlu existence of hatred, facilios de 
odio creditor, Tac^ Hist., 1, 34) : com- 
probare aliquid (to ^ite ont^t assent to an 
article of belief; e. g., to believe in the rn- 
Jluence of the gods, Domen deorum com- 
probare) : to belieee in ghosts, * de um- 
bris (not spectris) credere : * homines 
ambris inquietari credere. \\To believe 
(=put faith in) a thing or person, ti^- 
cui rei or alicui credere : alicni or alicxu 
rei fidem habere, tribuere : alicui rei 
(ftever alicui) fidem adjungere (not fidem 
dare or adhibere) ; e. g., w believe in 
dreams (L e, «• tketr coming true), somniis 
credere or fidem adjungere. || Believs 
XE (inserted parentheticalbf), quod mihi 
credas relim, mihi crede or crede mihi 
diuH riOoS and xidoa iioi : mihi crede the 
more common, but crede mihi not uncom- 
wton in Cicero, when the emphasis is rather 
on believe than on me). || I believe 
. (inserted parenthttiralhf), credo : opinor 
(credo, l&e vs esuxv, indies irony, in 
absurd or self -evident propositions : puto, 
inserted without a dependent word or douse, 
is classical, but rare, Krtbs). || As I beli/re, 
mei qnidein opinione : ut e^o existimo : 
ntmihi risus sum: qaomodo mihi per- 
soadeo (as I persuade or Jlatter myself: 
parenthaically, Cic, Base Am., 2, 6, end). 
IJ / believe it (as form of assent), credo 
(Ter., And., 5, 4, 43) : believe assuredly 
that, Sec, hoc velim tibi penitns per- 
soadeas, or persuadeas hoc tibi vere (with 
accusative and injinitire). || To be a be- 
liever (L e., in 'Christ), Christum or ve- 
ram Christi doctrinam spqui ; Christianae 
legis studiosum esse (Ammian., 23, 10). 
More than any one will believe, supra 
qaam cuipiam credibile est. It is not to 
be believed, credibile non est, incredibile 
est, fidem excedit, a fide abhorret IVho 
can believe it > quis credat ? incredibile 
est. li To make believe, cause the be- 
lief, opinionem alicujus rei prtebere : as- 
sume, put on, simulare, assimulare ; that 
he is learned, simulare se doctum esse, 
simulare doctrinam: that he is sick, simu- 
lare segrum, assimulare se segrum. I 
will make believe that I go out, simulabo, 
assimulabo, quasi exeam. || To be be- 
lieved : (a) absolutely, credi (imperson- 
ally with dative of person. Any body is be- 
U^ed, alicni credkur) : alicui fides habe- 
tor (both of persons) : aHqua res fidem 
habet : alicui rei fides habetnr, tribuitur, 
adjongitur. The dreams ofmaibnen must 
not be believed (true), insanorum visis non 
est fides habenda (Cic). Any thing is be- 
lieved by nobody, alicui rei abrogatur fides. 
To cause any thing to be believed, alicui rei 
fidem facere, afferre, or addere : to prevent 
any thing from being believed, alicui rei 
fidem abrogare : (b) with following infini- 
tive : credi. lam believed, credor (ahquid 
fecisse, &c.) : also with infinitive omitted; 
e. g., origo animi caelestis creditor ( Quint.). 
Obs. For "it is believed," the personal con- 
struction should be used, the impersonal 
being very rare ; hence, "it is believed that 
any body committed suicide," not creditur 
ali quern volnntariA morte interiisse, 
but creditur aliquis, &c. 

BELIEVER, qui veram (Thristi doctri- 
nam sequitiir ; qui alicujus (e. g., Mu- 
hammedi) doctrinam gequitur. The be- 
lievers, veram Christi doctrinam sequen- 
tes, ChristianEe legis stndiosi: || (generally) 
qui alicui rei fidem habet or credit 

BELIKE, hand scio an, nescio an (sub- 
junetire). quantum opinione auguror, ut 
opinor. ut mea fert opinio, credo ; fortasse. 

BELL, campana (a large bdl suspend- 
ed, e. g., church-bell: the word and the 
thingwere both invented by the CStristians): 
tintinnabulum (md^'uv, suspended at the 
door to summon the servants, &c. Vid. 
{nctacrt m the Dictionary of Antiquities, 



BEL O 

p. 9S4. There were also suth bells in the 
baths, to give notice when they were open. 
Sec. Nola is a very doubtful word. Vid. 
Diet.) Often aes auijf serve ; e.g„ the bell 
rings for the bath, eoaat ess tfaermamm 
(Mart., 14, 163) : the bell is ringing for 
church, * sonat aas sacromm. The door- 
bell rang (^=. there is somebody at the door), 
poUantur fores (L e.,'»ome one knocks) : 
* tintinnabulum sonat (according to our 
custom). To ring the bell (at the door), 
pulsare fores (according to the ancient 
custom), * agitare tintinnabulum forinm 
(according to our custom). Bell-founder, 
campanasrum fiisor. Bell-metal, tea cam- 
panarum. Bell-ringer, * agitator cam- 
panee (campanulae) ; * qui aes agitat ; sex- 
ton, eedituus. Bell-fashioned, in formam 
campanae redactns. BeU-fiower, campa- 
nula. Bell-wether, rervex dux gregis. 
To bear the bell, patanam ferre. 

BELLE, puella or mulier pulchra, for- 
mosa. 

BELLOW, mugire, mugitus edere. A 
bellowing, mugitns. 

BELLOWS, follis. A smith's bellows, 
folhs fabrihs. 

BELLY, venter (the cavity that contains 
the stomach and entraiU : also used of the 
stomach. It refer* jH in ci p ally to the stom- 
ach as viewed externally ; hence, the belly 
of a cask is dolii renter externally, dolu 
uterus internally): Tentricnlns (stomach: 
rentriculus qui receptaculum cibi est, 
Cels.) : abdomen (the prominent, fat cov- 
erings of the belly, "paunch." Hence the 
best word, when belly is used, to imply glut- 
tony; eg., to be the slave of one's belly, or 
to mahe ojk^s beOy on^s god, abdomini 
natum esse ; but also ventri dcditum esse 
or operam dare) : alvns (the lower cavity 
of the belly, where the nutritious particles 
of the food are separated from the excre- 
ments, and the cUef channel through which 
the latter are conveyed away) : stomacbus 
(the opening of the stomach, and the stom- 
ach itself, a* the cause of digestion, by itt 
warmth) : uterus (womb) : pantices, plural 
(pm- classical, PlauL, "paunch;" "pot- 
belly," in a depredating sense) : alveus 
(hold of a ship). A pot-belly, venter pro- 
missus or projectue. A big belly, venter 
obesus, ventris obesitas. Big -bellied, 
ventriosus, or ventmosua, or ventrosus. 
Belly-pains, belly-ache, tormina; strophu^; 
coKcus dolor ; colon (colic-pains, colic) : 
to be suffering from the belly-ache, tormini- 
bus or ex intestinis laborare ; torminibus 
affectum esse : that has such, colicus. 
Apt to have the belly-ache, torminosus. A 
belly-band, cingnlum ; cingnla, plural (for 
hones. Sue). Belly-timSer, cibaria. A 
belly-god, abdomini sno natos, ventri de- 
ditus, ganeo, heluo, homo profundae gule, 
Epicnri de grege porcus. A bellyful, 
sadetas. Belly-Bound, alvo dura or as- 
tricta. Belly-pinched, fame enectus, con- 
fisctus. BeUy-worm, Itmibricus. |i The 
belly of a waU, mori venter. Big-beilied, 
lato utero (of a cask, ship, &c.) : ampulla- 
ceus (like a bottle). 

BELLY, r., prominere, turgere, tume- 
re ; tiunescere, extumescere ; impleri 
vento. 

BELALVN, prffico. 

BELONG TO (be the property of), esse 
alicujus, aliquis possidet aliquid. Thisbook 
belongs to me, hie liber est mens. To whom 
belong these sheep > cujum pecus i to Me- 
libccus, est MelibceL || To be the part : 
or business of, esse aUcujus. It be- j 
longs to me to do this, meum est hoc face- 
re. That belongs not to my ofice, non est 
mei muneris. To belong to another judge, 
ad alitim judicem pertinere. II 7*0 be 
due, alicui deberi ; alicui tribuendum 
esse. II To appertain to, relate to, 
pertinere ad aliquid ; spectare ad aliquid ; 
referri referendum esse ad aliquid : be 
under the dominion of, alicujus jiiris esse, 
in alicujus ditione esse, sub imperio ali- 
cujus esse : be one of, esse ex : to a happy 
life, ad beate vivendum pertinere : to any 
on^s rare, ortum esse ex alicujus stirpe. 
He belongs among my friends, ejt ex meis 
domesticis. To what party do you be- 
long .» cujns partis estis ? jl To be long 
(have its place). These vessels belong in 
the kitchen, hsc vasa locum suom hab^it 



BEND 

in cnlini. This belongs elsewhere (to say, 
Sec.), hoc non hujus loci est; hoc alicnum. 
hoc sejunctum est a re proposita. 

BELOVED, dUectus, amatus, carus, 
gratns. 

BELOW, prep., sub, gnbter, infra. Bo- 
low the moon all is mortal, infra hmam 
nihil est nisi mortale. He reclined belom 
Eutrapelus, infra Eutrap^lum accubuit 
[I /i» rank or merit, infi-a. To be be- 
low one, in&a aliqnem esse, inferiorem 
esse aliquo, alicui cedere : in a thing, 
aliqna re ab aUquo vincL It is belom 
on^s dignity, est infra alicujus dignita- 
tem : the nugesty of a prince, inferius ma- 
jestate principis est \[Less in quan- 
tity and value, intra; minor (wuh ab- 
lative). 

BELOW, adv., infra ; subter. Respect- 
ing this, tee below (in a book), de hac re 
videatur iniira. Further below (lower down), 
inferius ; inferior. To be situated on the 
river further below, ad inferiorem flnminia 
partem situm esse. They cross over be- 
low, infi-a or inferiore parte tra^ciunt 
From below, ab inferiore parte ; ab imo ; 
ex inferiori loco (e. g., dicere). ||/n (At 
Lower World, apud inferos: theworla 
below, inferi, loca iufema. |i Here below, 
his in terris ; hac in vitd. 

BELT, cingulnm : zona (girdle : the 
latter a Greek term, used of the zona vir- 
ginalis, removed on the day of marriage, 
and zona muliebris, especially of Greetam 
ladies: of men only as used to hold mon- 
ey, instead of a purse : cingohnn is alto 
used as the substitute for a purse; artdboth 
as "zone" in the astronomical and geo- 
gr^Uced sensi) : cestna (any tie, accord- 
ing to Varro, especially the girdle of Ve- 
nus). II For a sword, balteus. 

BEMIRE, inquinare coeno or luto. 

BEMOAX, deplorare, deflere. 

BENCH, scamnimi, scabellum (JitHe 
bench) : sedes, sedile (seat, generally) : snb- 
sellinm (at the theatre or the courts) : trana- 
tmm (of rowers : commonly in plural). 
II Table or stand of an artisan, 
mensa. A butcher's bench, laniena. || Tht 
bench of judges, consesens. 

BEND, v., flectere, inflectere ; curvaie, 
incurvare. To bend downward, defiecte- 
pe : upward, sorsom flectere : inward, in- 
flectere : backward, reflectere or retro 
flectere, recnrvare: sideways, obliquare 
Bent, bending, inflexns, incumis : back- 
wiird, recurvaius, recurvus. To bend • 
bow, arcum intendere, contendere : to 
hend the knee, vid. Knee. £a»y to bend, 
flexibOis. Ixtk., to bend, flecti, se flecte- 
re, inflecti; curvari, incurvari, incurves- 
cere. \\Move, affect, flectere, move- 
re ; animos hominum oratione flectere or 
movere. </i Depress, break, frangere, 
deprimere; debilitare; afliigere. Jx. af- 
fligere et debilitare. Pain iocs not bend 
the mind of a brare man, viri non est 
debilitari dolore, dolori occumbere : to 
bend any bodies pride, alicujus snperbiam 
retnndere (Phadr.). || Direct any 
whither, dirisere (ad aliqnid), conver 
tere (in aliquid). All eyes are bent on you, 
onminm oculi in te sunt conjecti. || Ap 
ply: the mind, the thoughts, &C., to any 
thing, animum ad aliquid attendere, ad^ 
cere, appUcare ; cogitationes in aliquid 
intendere, omni cogitatione ferri ad afr 
quid. Bent, intent, attentus, intentns ; 
resolutely, obstinatus. Intb., to bend to 
any body, submittere se alicui, supplicem 
esse alicui. Old age bending to the grave, 
aetas m iiiUfcii or decUnatal Their hope 
bending neither way, neutro incUnata speo. 

BEND, curvamen (probably fint used 
by Ovid .- " ben<r as an abiding state) : 
curvitas (Macrob.) : adimcitu (eurvature 
the latter especially of what ia halt inward. 
e. ^., of a beak, rostri) : cnrvatura (Vitr., 
PUn.): flexura (Lucr., SueL: bending 
with reference to other motions in space) : 
flexus (winding, turning: pons — in quo 
est flexus ad iter Arpinas, Cic): an 
fr^ctus (a break in the continuity of any 
thing's direction ; e, g., of a horn, the 
course of the sun. Sec, bia especially of a 
road ; hence, from context, anfiractns only 
for a " turn in the roadT). 

BENDING (the act), flexio, inflexia 
curvatio, inmrvatio. 

ei 



B E au 

BENEATH. To think any thing be- 
neath one, aliquid infra se positum arbi- 
irari ; aliquid infra se esse judicare. Jn. 
aliquid despicere atque infra se positum 
arbitrari (to despise ii as beneath one's no- 
tice). To think any thing beneath any 
body, aliquid infra alicujus officiuni exis- 
timare (Qtdnt., to think it too low to be his 
duty). Thinking it beneath them to, &c., 
inferius majestate sua rati (e. g., lamenta- 
ri). To do nothing that is beneath one, 
nihil, quod ipso sit indignum, committe- 
re. Any thing seems beneath me, aliquid 
infra dignitatem meam positum videtur. 
Vid. Below. 

BENl': DICTION, bona omina ; sollem- 
nes preces. 

BENEFACTION, beneficium. 

BENEFACTOR, homo beneficus : of 
any one, qui beneficia in aliquem confert 
or contulit, qui beneficiis {or -o) aliquem 
affecit, auxit, ornavit 

BENEFICE, * beneficium {not prae- 
benda). A beneficed man, * beneficiarius. 

BENEFICENCE, beneficentia, liberali- 
tas, benisrnitas. Syn. m Beneficent. 

BENEFICENT, beneficus {beneficent; 
fond of doing good to others : qui alterius 
causa benigne facit, Cic.) : liberalis (giv- 
ing largely from a generous disposition) : 
benignus (kind from goodness of heart ; 
liberal). 

BENEFICIAL, utilis, efficax, snlutaris, 
saluber. To be beneficial, utilem esse, 
Usui esse, esse ex usu alicujus : esse ex 
re or in rem alicujus {of a thing) : alicui 
prodesse {of persons and things) : condu- 
cere alicui. 

BENEFICIALLY, utiliter, salubritor, 
commode, bene. 

BENEFIT, beneficium. To confer a 
benefit on one, beneficium alicui dare, tri- 
buere, in aliquem conferre or dcferre ; 
beneficio aliquem afficere ; benefaccre 
alicui. Yonr benefits to m,e, tua in me 
officia; tua erga me raerita. As a benefit, 
pro beneficio ; in benefitii loco. || Use, 
advantage, utiUtas, usus ; commodum, 
emolumentum. 

BENEFIT, v., conduccre, juvare, adju- 
vare ; utilem esse, ex usu esse, usui esse, 
prodesse, saluti esse. Intk., to benefit by 
a thing, in rem suam convertere aliquid, 
fructum capere ex re. 

BENEVOLENCE, caritas generis hu- 
mani, humanitas, benignitas, beneficentia. 

BENEVOLENT, benevolus (alicui), 
humanus, benignus, liberalis, beneficus. 
In a benevolent manner, benevolo (?(o« be- 
nevolentius, benevolentissime) : benicme. 

BENIGHT, \\ darken, obscurare ;" te- 
nebras oftundere, obducere ; noctem of- 
fundere. || Benighted {overtaken by 
night), nocte oppressus. 

BENIGN, benignus, humanus, liberalis, 
amicus, beneficus. 

BENIGNITY, benignitas, liboralitas, 
huraanitas, beneficentia. Syn. in Benef- 
icent. 

BENIGNLY, benigne, humane, human- 
iter, liberaliter. 

BENT, s. [Vid. Bend, .?.] || Side of a 
hill, declivitas {downward slope\, acclivi- 
tas {npward slope). \\ Strain {of the 
powers), contentio. || Inclinaiion, 
will, inclinatio animi or voluntatis, vo- 
luntas, animus, studium, impetus animi ; 
consilium, certum consilium, animus cer- 
tus. II Turn, make, way, conformatio, 
forma; nntura, ingcnium; modus, ratio, 
consuctudo. 

BENUMB, torporem afferA alicui rei, 
torpore bcbctare aliquid ; obstupefaccre. 
Benumbed, rigidus, rigens ; torpidus, ob- 
stupefiictus. To be benumbed, rigidum 
esse, rigerc, torpero, torpidum esse ; stu- 
pere : to become so, rigescere, obrigescere, 
torposcere, obtorpesccre, stupescere, ob- 
stupescrri'. The hand is benumbed, ma- 
nus obtorjniit. My eyes were benumbed, 
torpui^rant gens* doloro. To become be- 
numhid with fear, prai metu obtorpesccre. 

BEQUF]ATII, leiarc: a legacy to one, 
alicui logatum scribore : hiswhole prop- 
erty to one, aliquem hcredcm ex asse 
Inetituere ; aliquem herodem omnibus 
bonis instituere. He who bequeaths, lega- 
tor. To whom something is bequeathed, 
tegatarius. 
62 



B E S O 

BEQUEST, legatum. 

BEREAVE, privare aliquem aliquS re ; 
spoliare (and, more strongly, despoliare, 
exspoliare) aliquem or aliquid, or aliquem 
re ; eripore alicui aliquid ; detrahere ali- 
cui aliquid or (more rarely) aliquid de ali- 
quo ; orbare aliquem aliqui, re (of some- 
thing dear ; of chil(lren ; so, also, of hope, 
&c.) ; multare aliquem re {as a punish- 
ment). Bcrf/i, orbus, orbatus, &c. : of his 
children, liberis orbatus : of understand- 
ing, mente captus : of hope, spe orbatus : 
wholly, spe dejectus. 

BEREAVEMENT, ?privatio, spoliatio, 

BEREAVING, i orbatio. 

BERGAMOT {pear), pirum Falemum. 

BERRY, bacca, baccula {little berry) : 
acinus {of those which grow in clusters). 
Bay-berry, bacca lauri. Blackberry, mo- 
rum rubi, rubum. Bilberry plant, vaccin- 
ium myrtillus (Lin.) : the berry, bacca 
myrtilli. Bearing berries, baccatus, bac- 
calis. 

BERYL, beryllus ; chrysoberyllus 
{golden beryt). 

BESEECH, implorare, obsecrare, ob- 
testari, exposcere, supplicare, orare. 

BESEEM, decere aliquem, convenire 
alicui. Vid. Beco.me. 

BESET, obsidere, circum sedere, ob- 
sidionem (urbi) inferre, operibus cingere, 
oppugnare, oppugnatione premere, cir- 
cumvenire. \\ Harass, vex, vexare, agi- 
tare, exagitare. To beset with entreaties, 
precibus fatigare : with letters, inquiries, 
obtundere Uteris, rogitando. || Embar- 
rass, in angustias pellere or compellere; 
urgere, premere; includere {especially iii 
a debate). To be hard beset, in angustias 
adductum esse, in angustiis esse or ver- 
sari. Very hard beset, ad extremum re- 
dactus : in ultimum discrimen adductus 
(ad incitas redactus, an old expression of 
common life in Plautus, brought again 
into nse by late writers). 

BESHREW, exsecrari aliquem or in 
aliquem, male precari alicui. Beshrew 
me, dii me perdant. 

BESIDE, }prep. {nigh to, by the side 

BESIDES, 5 of), juxta, prope, prop- 
ter, secundum, prster ; ad latus alicujus. 
To sit beside one, ad alicujus latus sedere. 
To walk beside one, a latere alicujus ince- 
dere. To recline beside one, alicui accu- 
bare. Two sons lying beside their father, 
duo filii propter pati-em cubantesi The 
princes stood beside the king, principes 
adstabant regi. To build beside the river, 
secundum flumen aedificare. || Except, 
praiter {in negative sentences: in affirma- 
tive =z besides this): extra: nisi, prseter- 
quam. [Vid. Except,] Nobody thinks 
so besides myself, hoc nemini pribter me 
vMetur. \\ Not according to, from, 
ah. Beside the purpose, ab re. 7'his is 
beside the subject, hoc nihil ad rem. || To 
be beside himself, sui or mentis non com- 
potem esse, non compStem esse animo 
(e. g., prsB gaudio, for joy)  non apud so 
esse, mente captum esse. 

BESIDE, ) adv., prieterea, ad hoc, ad 

BESIDES, 5 hicc, secundum ea, ac- 
cedit, accedit quod, hue accedit quod, in- 
siipcr, ultra, porro. Besides that, prajter- 
quam quod, super quam quod. There 
were many things besides whit'h, &c., mul- 
ta erant iira-ter hffic, quje, &C. Except 
the captain and a few besides, extra duccm 
paucosque prwterea. And then, besides, 
the dowry is lost, turn prajterea, dos peri- 
it. And, besides, my wife would hear of it, 
atque id porro uxor mea rrscisceret. 
Besides being old, he was also blind, ad 
senectutem accedebat etiam, ut caucus 
esset. Besides, I love my father, accedit 
quod patrom amo. 

BESIEGE, obsidere {lay siege to), ob- 
.sidionem (urbi) inferre, operibus cingere : 
holel in blockade, obsidere, in obsidione 
habere or tenere. The besieged, obsessi, 
circumsessi, obsidione prcssi. 

BESH^GEll, obsessor, obsidens (one 
who blockades) ; oppugnator {who attacks, 
storms a city). 

BESMEAR, lincre, oblinerc, perlinere, 

ungere, jicrungere. t!^ Linere, to covir 

with a sticky, adhesive substance: ungere, 

to rover, &c., with a greasy, oily subBtance. 

BESOM, BCopiB. 



BETA 

BESOT, infatuare, occaecare. Besottet^ 
fatuus, vecors, socors ; amens, demens. 

BESPATTER, aspergere aliqu4 re, of 
aspergere aliquid alicui. Bespattered with 
mud, luto aspersus (Hor.). 

BESPEAK, curari or accurari jubere ; 
mandare. || Forebode, portendere. 
II Indicate, indicare, indicio or indicium 
esse, significare. 
BESPEW, convomere. 
BESPIT, conspuere, consputare. 
BESPREAD, spargere, conspergere } 
sternere, constemere. 
BESPRINKLE, spargere, conspergere. 
BEST, optimus {generally) ; pulcherri- 
mus (finest) ; jucundissimus, suavissimus 
(most agreeable) ; Isetissimus (most joy- 
ful) ; excellentissimus, praestantissimus 
(most distinguished, most perfect) ; salu- 
berrimus (most wholesome) ; comraodissi- 
mus (most suitable, convenient) ; utilissi- 
mus (most profitable). The best {of) meal, 
flos farinie. The best of the youth, flos 
(ac robur) juvcntutis. The best years {of 
life), flos setatis, eetas florens. Things 
are not in the best state, hand lajta est re- 
rum facies. To the best of my rememr 
brance, ut nunc maxime memini, ut mea 
memoria est. To the best of my power, 
pro viribus ; quantum in me situm est ; 
ut potero. What think you, is best to be 
done? quid faciendum censes? Tkey 
knew not what was best to do, nesciebant, , 
quid praestaret. To do his best, summd 
ope anniti ; omni ope atque opera eniti, 
ut, &c. ; nihil inexpertum omittere. It 
is best for you to be silent, optirae tacueria. 
To put the best construction npoji, in meli- 
orem (mitiorem) partem accipere or in- 
terpretari. To make the best of every 
thing, lucrum undecumque captare, util- 
itatem in omnibus rebus sectari. My 
best friend I optime ! carissime ! At best, 
summum, ad summum, quum plurimum. 
II Best, adv., optirae, &c. Best of all 
(chiefly), potissime, potissimum. Best, be- 
yond comparison, tam bene, ut nihil supra. 
BESTIAL. Vid. Beastly, Brutal. 
BESTIR one's self, movere se {of the 
body) ; expergisci ; omnes nervoa inten- 
dere. Not to bestir one's self (sit idle), de- 
sidem sedere. Not to bestir one's self 
much in a thing, levi brachio agere aU- 
quid. 

BESTOW {confer, give), dare, tribuere, 
conferre, impertire, donare, dono dare, 
largiri : a benefit upon one, beneficium 
coUocare apud aliquem, alicui dare of 
tribuere, conferre in aliquem : rich pres- 
ents on one, rauncribus magnis cumulare 
aliquem. \\Lay out, apply, insumere, 
impcndere, consumere, locare, collocare, 
conferre : time on something, tempus con- 
terere, consumere in re : care, diligence 
071 something, in aliqua re diligentiam ad- 
hibere, industriam locare, studium collo- 
care : time well, tempus bene locare or 
collocare : money better, pecuniam melius 
insumere. || Give {a woman) in mar- 
riage, collocare in matrimonium, collo- 
care ; nuptiim dare, locare or collocare. 
To bestow one's self (of a woman), aUcul 
nubere ; (of a man), aliquem ducere in 
matrimonium or ducere. \\ I'lace, lay, 
put away, ponere, reponere, condere; 
infeiTe. 

BP^STRIDE, cruribus divaricatis super 
aliquid stare. || Step over, transgredi : 
the thresliold, intrare limcn. 

BET, s., sponsio (the wager) ; pignua 
(the stake). To make a bet, sponsionem 
facere (with otic, cum aliquo). To win a 
bet, sponsionem or sponsione vincere. To 
lay any bet, quovis pignore certare. 

BET, v., sponsionem facere (cum ali- 
quo), pignore certare or contendere (cum 
aliquo). To bet something, aliquid In i)ig- 
nus dare. Say what you will bet me, tu die, 
quo ])ignore mccum certes. 

BET.^KE himsilf to any place, se con- 
ferre aliquo, petcre locum, capessere lo- 
cimi ; concedere aliquo (retire to a place) : 
ire, proficisci aliquo (go, travel any whith- 
er): to a person, se conferre, accedere ad 
aliquem ; adire, convenire aUquem : to 
the country, rxis ire, concedere rus. He 
hcteiok himself to Argos to dwell there. At- 
gos habitatum concessit \\Fly to, havt 
recourse to, fvgere, conf'igere, perfa- 



B E TT 

gere, refbgere, ad w in locnm ; Be reci- 
pcre aliquo (to retreat to) : a person or 
thing, perfugere, confugere, refugere ad 
aliquem or aUquid ; alicujus rei perfugio 
utL {| Apply to, se qonferre ad aliquid, 
animum ad aliquid attendere, adjicere, 
appUcare; cositationes ad aliquid dirige- 
re, ad or in alfquid intendere. 

BETHINK himself, reminisci alicujus 
rei or aliquid; memoriani rei repetere, 
revocare ; res mihi redit in memoriam ; 
venit mihi in mentem res, rei, de re ; 
resipiscere, ad se redire, se coUigere. To 
heUunk kmiself better, sententiam mutare ; 
a eoA sententilL discedere ; poenitet ; con- 
silium mutare. 

BETIDE. \"id. BKFAii. 

BETIMES, mature, tempestiTe. l\Soon, 
brevi (tempore), mox, jam jamque. \i Be- 
times in the morning, bene mane. 

BETOKEN, indicare, indicium or in- 
dicio esse, signilicare. || Foretoken, 
portendere, praenuntiare, alicujus rei 
esse priEnuntium. 

BETRAY (to enemies), prodere, tradere. 
\\ Leave in the lurch, destituere. ||i?«- 
veal, disclose, prodere (as, crimen, 
vultu, conscios, fiu-em) ; enuntiare (as, 
commissa ; to one, alicui) ; deferre aliquid 
or de aliqua re (as an informer ; to one, 
ad aliquetu) : proferre (as, secreta animi, 
consilia). To betray onefs self, se prodere. 
Your voice betrays you, te voce noscito, te 
ex voce cognosco. || To be the mark 
of, esse (with genitive). It betrays a dull 
brain to, &c., est tardi ingenii (with in' 
finitiv^). jj To lead aicay, aliquem in 
or ad aUquam rem inducere, ilUcere, pelli- 
cere. 

BETRAYER, proditor. 

BETROTH, spondere alicui aHquam, 
despondere alicui aliquam (despondere 
is used also of the father of the man, 
Terent., And., I. 1, 75). To betroth one's 
self, sponsalia facere : to a woman, de- 
spondere sibi aBquam. To be betrothed 
to a man, alicui despocderL She was al- 
ready betrothed to the youth, jam destinata 
erat juveni. A man betrothed, desponsus 
(desponsatus is post-classical in Suetonius, 
and rare), sponsus. A (woman) betrothed 
to a man, sponsa, desponsa alicui. The 
parties betrothed, sponsL To whom Lavinia 
was betrothed, cui Larinia pacta fueraL 
To betroth a person to any body, despon- 
dere aliquem alicuL 

BETTER (as to the outward sense), ^peli- 
or ; pulchrior (menre beautiful) : jucundi- 
or, suavior (more agreeable) : Isetior (more 
joyful). Setter times, tempera laetiora, 
feliciora : weather, * tempestas Isetior, 
*cOBlum mitius. || In respect of the na- 
ture, destination, object, and also the 
use, of a thing, melior ; potior, superior; 
prffistantior, praestabilior ; opportunior, 
commodior, magis idoneus (merre suitable, 
convmient) : edubrior (more whousowU) : 
utilior (more useful, profitable) : a better 
season, commodius anni tempus: to be 
bitter as a soldier than as a politician, meli- 
orem esse bello. quam pace : to choose a 
better place for his camp, magia idoneum 
locum castris deliaere. To~ be better in 
tetmething than another, vincete, superare, 
pra?stare aliquem aliqna re. To mtike 
better, corrigere (of correcting what is al- 
together wrcmg and faulty) : emendare (of 
removing whatever fatiUs any thing may 
have). [Vid. to Betteb.] We are better 
off, meliore sumus conditione, meliore 
loco sunt res nostras. /* is better, melius 
OT- satius est, prsestat To have a better 
opinion of one, sequius, benianius judicare 
de aliquo. || In a moral view, melior, 
potior, prsestabiUor. To be better, meU- 
orem. prseferendum esse ; prsestare. an- 
tecellere. To becowte better, meliorem 
beri, ad bonam frueem se recipere, se 
colligere, in riam redire. \\As to health, 
<fec.. melior. /<n» 6<««-, melius mihi fit; 
melius me habeo ; meliuscule (somtwhett 
better) mihi est I am getting better, con- 
valesco ex morbo) ; meHor 60 ; aanita- 
tem reel Mo ; ex incommodi valetudine 
emer3o. I| The better (tMe advantage, 
superiority). The Romans had the better 
in the less important battles, parris proeliia 
Romana res superior erat. 7T» get, have 
the better, aliquem vincere, superare ; 



B E \V R 

mperiorem fieri; superiorem or rictorem 
discedere ; superiorem fieri bello (in the 
war). The patricians had the better of it, 
victoria penes patres eraL Anger had the 
better of pity, plus ira quam misericordia 
valebat. 

BETTER, r., melius facere or efficere, 
corrigere (to correct what is all wrong), 
emendare (to remove tike faulta of what ts 
partially wrong). To better his wags, 
mores suos mutare, in viam redire, ad 
bonam frugem se recipere: his ctrcwm- 
stances, amplificare fortunam, augere 
opes. His circumstances are bettered, ejus 
res sunt mehore loco. Thett mtty be bet- 
tered, emendabilis, sanabilis. Past better- 
ing, insanabihs. \\ Advance, augere, 
ampliorem facere : ampli^e rem (Hot.). 
BETTER, adv., meUus, &c. Somewhat 
better, meliuscule. || At a better pace, citi- 
us. The thing begins to go on better, res 
meUus ire iucipit. To attend better, dili- 
gentius attendere. To think better of one, 
seqtiius, benignius, judicare de sdiquo. 
To know better, rectius scire, nosse, intel- 
ligere. To get on bater, citius progredi 
(of a person's progress) : res mehus ire 
incipit {of an undiertaking). 

BETTERS, superiores loco or digni- 
tate, irr superiores. 

BETTOR, qui pignore contendit or 
certat 

BETWEEN, inter. Between the city 
and the Tiber, inter urbem ac Tiberim. 
Between hope and fear, inter spem metum- 
qne. || Also by other turns of erpression : 
between the armies lay a bridge, pons in 
medio erat To see all above^'beneath, be- 
tween, omnia supera, infera, media vi- 
dere. A plain lies between the city and the 
river, planities urbem et fluvium dirimit 
A space between, intervaUum, spatium in- 
terjectum; tempus interjectum. The nose 
set between the eyes, nasus oculis interjec- 
tus. T^iere is a friendship between you and i 
him, tibi cum illo amicitia est : intercedit 
illi tecum amicitia : there is a likeness be- 
tween us, inter nos similes sumus. Many 
words passed between us, mnlta verba ultro 
citroque habita sunt To make a distinc- 
tion between two things, duas res discer- 
nere. Between ourselves, quod inter nos 
liceat dicere: this is between ourselves, 
hsec tu tecum habeto ; hoc tibi soli dic- 
tum puta. 
BEVERAGE, potus, potio. 
BEVY, grex. \\ Company, caterra, 
circulus, grex, globus. 

BEWAIL, TK,, deplorare : deflere (the 
former expressing more of passitmate sor- 
row): lanxentm (of a long-continued wail- 
ing : aliquid : also like our " lament f 
e. g., alicujus c«citatem) : aeere or acerbe 
ferre : dolere : lugere (grieve for. Sec.) : 
complorare (of several). To bewail any 
body's death, deflere, complorare alicujus 
mortem ; de morte alicujus fiere ; alicu- 
jus morti illacrimari ; alicujus mortem 
cum fletu deplorare : to bewail the living 
as well as the dead, complorare omnes 
pariter vivos mortuosque : one's own and 
one's country's calamities, deplorare se 
patriamque (cf. Liv., 2, 40) : ones misfor- 
tune, deplorare de suis incommodis. 
II Intb., flere : plorare. 

BEWARE, cavere (sibi), praecavere. 
If you are wise you will beware of him, si 
sapis, ilium cavebis. To beware that one 
does not hurt you : to beware of any body, 
cavere aliquem. You m ust beware of him, 
tibi ab isto cavendum. Beware how you 
believe, cave credas. They beware of some- 
thing, cavetur aliquid. Beware what you 
do, vide quid aeas. Beware of an inquisi- 
tive person, percunctatorem luofito. 
BEWILDER. Vid. Pekplex. 
BEWITCH, fascinare, etlascinare (prop- 
erly, by " an evil eye," fascinus : then also 
by tcords and other means which should be 
expressed, vi#u, lingua, voce atque Ungu4) ; 
incantare (by spells : first in AppuUius,for 
incantati lapilH in Horace has not this 
meaning). An eye bewitches mu lambs, 
oculus mihi fascinat agnos. || Fig„ ca- 
pere, rapere, delinirc, piermulcere: ofbe- 
witching beauty (puella, &c.), cujus forma 
rapit (after Prop., 2, 26, 44), or * pulchrita- 
dine, formA, venustate insignis. 
BEWRAY. Vid. Betray, Show. 



BIG 

I BEY'GXD (tcitk motion in a certain d^ 
1 rection), trans ; super. To go beyond, 
transire, transgredL || On the other 
side, trans; tUtra (preposition and ad- 
verb). One that is beyond, qui trans ali- 
quid est, ulterior. I wtu beyond sea, trans 
mare fui Beyond this villa is anetiher, 
ultra banc villam est aha. Beyond the sea, 
trans mare, transmarinus. \\Morethan, 
above, supra; plus, ampUus. Beyond 
ten thousand, supra decern mUlia, ampU- 
Ds decern Tnillia There is nothing beyond 
wisdom, sapientia nihil pra?stantius. To 
honor any one beyond all others, aUquem 
primo loco habere, ponere ; aliquem prae- 
ter ceteros omnes colere. Beyond due 
measure, supra modum. Beyond what is 
sugdent, ultra quam satis est: is credible, 
supra qoam credibUe est To go beyond 
(surpass, excel), superare, pr<Estare, ante- 
cellere. Nothing can go beyond, nihil ul- 
tra potest, nihil potest supra or supra po- 
test Do not aim at what is beyond your 
reach, ne sutor ultra crepidam. Beyond 
his strength, supra vires. To go beyond 
his strength, vires excedere. Beyond all 
doubt, sine ulla dubitatione. Splendid be- 
yond description, supra quam nt descnbi 
possit eximius. 

BIAS, momentum. || Inclination, 
incHnatio animi or voluntatis. A bias to- 
ward any thing, inclinatio ingenii, animi, 
&C in aliquid (njier Seneca, inclinatio in- 
geniorum in quedam vitia). 

BI.-VS, v., inclinare se. To be biased in 
favetr of the Stoics (to incline to their side), 
inclinare se ad Stoicos. Biased in favor 
of the Carthaginians, ad Poenos inclina- 
tior. The judge is biased in our favor, ju- 
dex inclinatione volimtatis propendet in 
nos. To be biased (prejudiced), opinione 
prfejudicata ducL 

BIB, s. (for a child's breast), cinctus or 
fascia pectoralis infantum. 

BIB, r, II to drink, potare, bibere; 
sorbillare (sip). Always bibbing, bibax. 
BIBBER, potor, potator. 
BIBLE, literse sancts, divinae; libri 
divini; arcanae sanctae relisionis literaa 
(Lact.) : bibha, plural (Modani Latin) 
BIBULOUS, bibulus. 
BICKER, minutis proeliis inter se pug- 
nare : veUtari (pra-clexssical : nescio quid 
vos velitati estis inter vos duos, Plaut.). 
\l Quarrel, inter se altercari, rixari, jur- 
giis certare : convicio decertare. || Q ute- 
er, coruscare, tremere. 

BICKERING, proelium leve, levins, 
parvulum ; pugna concursatoria, procur- 
satio : bratii, jurgium, rixa. 

BID, }\ invite, invitare or vocare : to 
supper, invitare or vocare aliquem (ad 
ccenam) : to My house, aliquem invito 
donium meant |i Command, order 
jubere, imperare, prsecipere, dicere, man- 
dare. _ J(f you would have done as I bade 
you, si meum imperiiim exsequi voluisses. 
You had best do as I bid vou. tu fac ut 
dixi, si eapis. Do as he shall bid you, 
quod imperabit facito. Run and bid the 
woman come hither, curre, mulierem ar- 
cesse, II To bid at a sale, licere, lici- 
tari, licitationem facere. To bid asainst 
one, aliquo licente contra Uceri. to bid 
an as, liceri asse. To bid upon, aliquid 
licert FiG_ to bid fair, promittere ali- 
quem or aliquid ; spem facere, dare ali- 
cujus rei ; aliquid sperare jubere, bene 
de se sperare jubere. || Proclaim, pro- 
nuntiare. || Den ou nee, denuntiare. Bid 
defiance to a person, provocare aliquem 
(chtUlenge) : contumacem esse in ali- 
quem ; alicui resistere : a thing, contu- 
macem esse ad versus aliquid (erg- impe- 
ria jMitris) : contumaciter spemere (e. g., 
imperia validiorum) : contemnere aliquid 
(e. g- omnia jura humana) ; obviam ire 
alicui ret se otferre alicui rei (e. g., peri- 
culis), II / bid one wejcemr, aliquem sal- 
vere jnbeo, alicui salutem do, benisne ali 
quern excipio. To bid good-morrow, salu 
to, salvere jubeo. 
BIDDER, vociitor : licitator, licens. 
BIDDING, invitatio ; jus^us, jussum, 
imperium, imperatum ; licitatio: pronun- 
tiatlo, &c 

BIER, feretrum ; lectica (fyr the rici), 
sandapQa (Jor the poor). 
BIG, magnus (without any accessory na 
63 



BILL 

tton : opposed to parvus) : grandis (with 
the accessory notion of strength and grand- 
eur : opposed to exilis, minutus, exiguus, 
&c.) : aniplus (with the notion of comeli- 
ness, making an imposing impression) : 
ingens {unnaturally large, huge) : im- 
manis {fearfully large) : vastus {so large 
as to be deficient i?i regularity of form). 
Jn. vastus et immanis : amplus et gran- 
dis : spatiosus {roomy) : procerus {tall, 
but only of things that grow). As big as, 
fnstar {with genitive). The epistle was as 
big as a book, instar voluminis erat epis- 
tola. 2'o be as big as something else, com- 
plere magnitudinem alicujus rei. This 
gown is too big for me, hffic toga major 
est quam pro corpore meo. ilomcwhat 
big, subgrandis. Very big, parmagnus, 
pergrandis : hugely so, iiigens : immoder- 
aiely so, prajgrandis : monstrously so, vas- 
tus, immanis. A big man, homo magni 
corporis, homo grandis, homo procerus. 
That has a big head, nose, capito, naso. 
Chrown big, adultus, grandis. To grow 
big, pubescero. Somewhat bigger, grandi- 
usculus. Bigger cups, scyphi capaciores. 
II Pregnant, gravida, prajgnans. Clouds 
big with rain, gravidas nubes, graves im- 
bre nubes : the south wind is big with 
showers, notus partiirit imbres. A day 
big with fate, dies t'atalis. || Full, plenus, 
gravis. || .Swollen {as with rage, &c.), 
tmnens, tumidus. \\ Puffed up, tumid, 
tumens, tumidus, turgidus, inflatus. Big 
talk, verborum tumor, oratio inflata, am- 
pullai ; jactatio, venditatio. Big looks, 
Bupercilium grande. 

BIGAMY, * bigamia, 

BIGNESS, magnitudo, amplitudo, cras- 
situde. 

BIGOT, homo superstitiosus. 

BIGOTED, superstitiosus. 

BIGOTRY, nimia et superstitiosa re- 
ligio. 

BILBERRY, baca myrtilli : plant, vac- 
cinium myrtillus. 

BILE, Inlis. Full of bile, biliosus. A 
bilious fever, febris ex bile redundante 
nata, febris biliosa. || Sore, ulcus, tu- 
runculus. 

BILGE-WATER, sentina. 

BILL (of a bird), rostrum. Little bill, 
rostellum. 

BILL, v., rostrum conserere rostro. 
11 To bill and coo {of persons), colum- 
batim labra conserere labris. Vid. To 
Coo. 

BILL, II a hook, falx, falx rostrata. 
II Battle-axe, bipennis. 

BILL, i\roll, indcTi (geyiitife) ; Hume- 
ri {of soldiers): of account, index merci- 
ura emtarum, libellus rationarius, tabel- 
la rationaria : present a bill, int'erro ratio- 
nem. A bill of fare, index ciborum : of 
divorce, literaa quibus repudium remitti- 
tur : to send one, alicui nuutium or repu- 
dium remittere : of exchange, syngrapha. 
A bill payable at sight, syngrapha, quae 
prtescns, or pra^senti die debctur ; or pe- 
cunia, quae ex syngrapha prifisens, or prae- 
senti die debetur : a bill payable at twen- 
ty-one days, syngrapha, cui dies vieesima 
prima apposita est, or quaa in diem vices- 
imam primam debeter {all after Mart., 
Dig., 20, 1, 13 : si dies apposita legato 
non est, priesens debetur, tjlp., 45, 1, 4 ; 
quoties in obligationibus dies non ponitur, 
prEBsnnti die pecunia debetur, Paul., 7, 1, 
4 ; quod vel prassens vel ex die dari po- 
test). Bill of indictment, libellus. Bills 
of mortality, indices mortuoruni. || Pro- 
posed Int.'^, rogatio, lex. To bring in a 
bill, legem or rogationem ferre : to pass 
it, rogationem or legem accipcrc ; legem 
sciscere (of ike people) : to carry it through, 
rogationem or legem perfcrre : to rrject 
it, let'em or rosrationcm antiquare. 

BILLKT, epistolium, codicilli ; lilxdlus 
{e.->pecially of the emperor). Billet-doux, 
tabellaj amatorio scriptte, tabellaj bland*, 
epistola blanda. || Ticket for quar- 
ters, * tessera ho-^ijitii railitaris. || Log 
of wood. Vid. below. 

BILLET (.■small log\ licnum, lignum 
fissura. II Other meanings' see under the 
foreseeing word. 

BILLICT, v., * tessera hoapitii militem 
Jonare ; milites per hespitia disponere. 
To billet his soldiers upon the towns, mili- 



BIRT 

tes per oppida dispertire, in oppidis col- 
locare. 

BILLOW, fluctus. 

BILLOWY, fluctuosus. 

BIND, II chain, fetter, colligare, vin- 
cire, constringere. Obs., ligare, copula- 
re, to bind for the purpose of keeping to- 
gether : vinclre = coercere, to bind for 
the purpose of hindering free movement : 
so nectere in the old times of the Republic ; 
afterward, with the stronger nexare, to en- 
twine, &c., e. g., flores, coronara : one with 
fetters, chains, aliquem vinculis colligare, 
catenis vincire, vinculis or catenis con- 
stringere. To bind one hand and foot, 
quadrupedem aliquem constringere. 
Fig., to bind up {tie the hands of), ali- 
quem circumscribere ; aliquem coercere. 
II Fasten, tie, ligare, alligare, deligare, 
illigare ; astringere ; revincire : a napkin 
about the neck, ligare sudarium circum 
collum. To bind one to the stake, aliquem 
alligare ad palum. To hi?id one's hands 
behind his back, manus religare, manus il- 
ligare, or religare post tergum. || Fasten 
together into a whole, colligare, vin- 
cire : the hair into a knot, crines in no- 
dum cogere : hay, fcenum vincire : sheaves, 
manipulos colligere, vincire. To bind a 
book, librum compingere. || Cement, 
ligare, vincire. || Fix, colligare. To 
bind a sandy soil, solum arenosum arbo- 
ribus, herbis, &c., colligare. || To bind 
up, alligare, deligare ; obligare : a wound, 
obligare, or ligare vulnus : the eye, ocxilum 
alligare. To bind up the book in one vol- 
ume, librum eodem volnmine complecti. 
My welfare is bound up in yours, tua sa- 
lute continetur mea. To bind up flax into 
bundles, linum in fascicules manuales 
colligare. || To inwrap, envelope, in- 
volvere ; induere alicui aliquid. || To 
connect, unite, res inter se jungere, 
colligare ; conjungere, connectere aliquid 
cum aliqua re. All the virtues are bound 
together, omnes virtutes inter se nexas 
sunt. II To restrict, confine, astrin- 
gere, obstringere : by an oath, obstringere 
jurejurando. To be bound (tied, confjted) 
by something, constrictum, obstrictum 
esse, teneri aliqua re (as a vow, promise, 
&c.). II To constrain, oblige, alliara- 
re, obligare, obstringere, devincire. The 
law binds any one, lex tenet aliquem. To 
be bound to a fixed poetic measure, alliga- 
tum esse ad certain jjcdum necessitatem. 
To be bound to the observance of a league, 
foedere alligatum or iUigatum esse. To 
bind a man by an oalh, aliquem Sacra- 
mento adigere. To bind one's self to do 
a thing, se obligare alicui rei (or ivith ut) ; 
se obstringere in aliquid (by oath, Sacra- 
mento ; to a crime, in scelus). / am 
bound to do this, hoc mcum est. To be 
bound (obliged) to one, alictijus beneticiis 
obligatum esse. To be bound to senic 
one, alicui obnoxium esse. || To make 
costive, astringere. To bind the body, 
alvum astringere. || To bind over, 
vadari. 

BINDER, qui ligat, colligat, illigat, ifcc. ; 
allicator. Vid. Bookbindkh. 

BIND-WEED, convolvulus (Liv.). 

BIOGRAPHER, qui vitam iriicujus nar- 
art, enarrat. 7 am my own biographer, 
meam vitam ipse narro. 

BIOGRAPHY, vitarum scriptio or de- 
scriptio ; vita? : of a man, vita alicujus, 
vita; alicujus descriptio et imago. 

BIPED, biiies. 

BIRCH, betula. Birchen, e betuld fac- 
tus. A birch-rod, virga betuhe. 

BIRD, avis, volucris (volucris, any 
winged animal: e. g., some insects); ales 
(especially a large bird) ; pra-pes (from 
the flight of which omens were derived) ; 
oscen (from whose song and note omens, 
&c.). A little bird, aviculn. The catch- 
ing of birds, aucupium. To catch birds, 
aucupari. A bird-catcher, auceps. A 
bird-cage, cavea. Bird-lime^ viscus. Bird- 
call, fistula aucupntoria. \\ Fellow, ho- 
mo, homuncio. To kill two birds with 
one stone, vid. Stone. 

BIRTH, II (I coming into life, or- 
tiis. A father by birth, pater naturl 
The hour of one's birth, hora, qu4 aliquis 
natus (genitus) est. From one's birth up, 
inde ab incunabulis. Before any body's 



B ITT 

birth, ante aliquem natum, ante quam alL 
quis natus est. Birth-day, dies quo ali- 
quis natus (genitus) est ; dies natalis, also 
natalis. Birth-day present, munus natali- 
cium. Birth-place, locus quo (urbs in 
qua) aliquis genitus est ; urbs patria. 
Athens is his birth-place, natus est Athenis. 
II Origin, rise, beginning, origo, or- 
tus, initium. \\ Extraction, descent, 
ortus; genus; stirps. Of high birth, no- 
bill genere natus, nobili or hand obscuro 
loco natus. Of low, ignoble birth, igno- 
bili, humili, obscuro loco natus ; obscuris 
ortus majoribus. By birth a Tusculan, 
by citizenship a Roman, ortu Tusculanus, 
civitate Romanus. A Macedonian by birth, 
natione Macedo. \\ Creature born, 
partus ; infans editus. An untimely birth-, 
abortus. || ^ bringing forth, partio, 
partus, partura. \\The after-birth, 
secundffi (sc. partiis). \{ If ew-birth, 
nova generatio : but regeneratio may be 
kept as a technical term in theology. 

BIRTH-RIGHT, jus quod ex genere 
est. II Primogeniture, jus filii majoiia 
or maximi (right of primogeniture) : 
principatus astatis (primogenitura barbar- 
ous) : astatis prajrogativa (Vlp.). 

BISCUIT, buccellatum (Uue), panis cas- 
trensis (for soldiers) ; panis nauticus (sea- 
biscuit). II Confectioner's biscuit, 
panis dulciarius. 

BISECT, medium aecare. 

BISHOP, episcopus. A bishop's digni- 
ty, pontificatus. A bishop's crosier, lituua 
episcopi. 

BISMUTH, vismutum. 

BISSEXTILE year, annus intercalaris ; 
annus bisfextus ; day, dies intercalaris, 
dies bissextus, bissextum. 

BIT, II o/ a bridle, orea. A bridle 
with a sharj) bit, frenum lupatum. 

BIT, V. II To bit a horse, oream ori 
equi inserere. 

BIT, Wmouthful, offa, frustum, bolus 
(Plant., Tcr., pm-classical), buccea (Suet,). 
Little bit, olfula. Bit by bit, oft'atim, frus- 
tatim. \\ Morsel, little piece, niica, 
uncia ; frustum. A bit of bread, uncia 
panis. \\A little, paiillulum. Not a bit, 
ne tantillum quidem, ne minimum qui- 
dem. To wait a bit, paulum or paulisper 
opperiri. 

BITCH. Bitch-dog, canis femina {or 
merely canis, if joined with an adjective, 
which determines its gender). A bitch-wolf, 
lupa. 

BITE, mordere (of the teeth, of cold, of 
bitter words, of the taste): pungere (of thl 
taste, mind) : into something, dente mor- 
dere, morsu arripere aliquid. Dogs bite, 
canes mordent. To bite the dust (of a dy- 
ing man), mordere humum. To bite off, 
mordicus auterre ; demordere ; prajmor- 
dere (bite off the fore part). 

BITE, s., morsus. To kill by a bite, 
morsu necare, mordicus interficere. 

BITING, mordens, mordax (properly 
and figuratively) ; acidus (as to taste) ; 
aculeatus (figuratively, cutting, stinging) 
Biting words, verborum aculei. Biting 
wit, asperiores facetiae. A biting jest, jo- 
cus mordens. Biting vinegar, mordax 
or acidum acetum. A biting aze, securis 
mordax. 

BITTER, II in taste, amarus, acerbus. 
A bitter la.ste, sapor amaru.'S or acerbus : 
taste in the mouth, os amarum. To be- 
come bitter, amiiresiere, inamarescere. 
Somewhat bitter, subamnrus. Bitter siceet, 
ex dulci amarus. || Violent, sevtre, 
acerbus ; gravis. Bitter want, sumnia 
egestas, mendicitas. Bitter hate, acerbum 
odium. A biUer enemy, acerbus inimleus. 
Bitter cold, fr/gus acerbum. || Biting, 
cutting, rcpr oachful, acerbus, ama- 
rus, mordax, aculeatus. 

BITTERLY, amare; acerbe; aspere ; 
graviter. 7'o wound one's feelings bitter- 
ly, alicui acerbum dolorem iuurere. To 
weep bitterly, effu.sissime Here. To accusi 
one bitterly, acerbe or graviter accusare 
aliquem. To reproach one bittr-rly, aspere 
vitupernre aliquem. Bitterly a ^ry. peri- 
ratus, iracundia inflammatus. 

BITTERNESS, nmaritudo (properly 
and figuratively), araaritas (propirly : thtn 
[ VitT.] and nmarities, Catull. ; In^s good 
titan amaritudo) ; acerbitas (harshness. 



B L AM 

mxjriimdliness; calamilous state); gnyi- 
tss (rioleua, tdumence) ; ira, bili3, odium 
(anger, hare) ; aegritndo, nioeror (grief). 
A bitterness oftonf, ainaritado vocia. To 
write to one tntA great bitterness, acerbis- 
eime alicui scribere. 

BITTERN, ardea stellaria (Lin.). 

BITUMEN, bitumen. 

BITUMINOUS, bituminens, bitnmina- 
tus, bituminosus. j 

BIVOUAC, excubisB in armis. 

BIVOUAC, r., in armia excubare, pro 
castris excubare. 

BLAB, r. <L, efferre (foras or in Tulgus), 
proferre (foras), enuntiare (foraa). 

BLAB, s., vulgator, famigerator; gar- 
rulus (prattler). 

BLACK, aler (opposed to albus; figU' 
raticely, mournful, calamitous) : niger (op- 
posed to candidua) : pullus (dirty, dingy 
black, by nature or by dirt) : fuscus (black- 
ish ; e. g., of a skin burned by the sun) : 
atratus, pullatus (dressed in black) : atrox 
(atrocious, horrible) : scelestus (accursed) : 
tristis, tetricua (gloomy, sullen). To be- 
come black, nigrescere. To be black, ni- 
grere. To be somexhat black, nigricare. 
Black and blue, lividua. The black art, 
ars magica. In black and white, scriptus : 
to hare a thing under black and white, 
(idem literarum habere. A sky black with 
clouds, coelum obscurum. Blackberry, 
morum rubi, rubum : bush, rubns. Black- 
bird, merula. Blacksmith, faber ferrarius. 
Black-thorn, primus silvestris ; prunus 
gpinosa (Lin.). 

BLACK, s., color niger; atramentum. 
J\ Black dress, pulla vestis, pulla (p/u- 
ral) ; vestis or cultua lugubris, squalor, 
eordes. Dressed in black (mourning), 
«ordidatus; puUatus, atratus. Teste lugubri 
vestitus. II The black of a thing, at- 
nim, nigrum. \\A negro, jEthiops, Afer. 

BLACKEN, v., || make black, deni- 
grare ; infoscare (make blackish). \\ Dark- 
en, obscure, nigrum facere. The heav- 
ens were blackened, coelum nubibus obduc- 
tnm erat. II Defame, de &ma or exis- 
timatione alicujus detrahere ; conflare or 
conciliare alicui invidiam. 

BLACKISH, Eubniger, nigricans ; fus- 
cus (dark-colored, dusky). 

BL.A.CKNESS, nigritia ; nigror, nigri- 
tudo, color niger. || Moral, atrocitias, 
feditas, immanitas. 

BLADDER, vesica. A little bladder, 
Tesicula. 

BLADE, II of grasses, herba; grami- 
nis herba (of grass) : culmus (green stalk 
of com). To be in the blade, in herba es- 
se. II O/ an oar, palma, palmula. \\Of 
a knife or sword, lamina. || The 
iword itself, ferrum, ensis. || Brisk 
fellow, homo lascivus, petulans, levis, 
&c.; homo. || The shoulder-blade, 
scapula. 

BL.\IN, pustula ; papula (from heat). 
BLAM.ABLE, ) reprehendendus, 

BLAMEWORTHY, 5 vituperandus, 
reprehensione or vituperatione dignus ; 
ritiosus (faulty) : malus (bad). 

BLAME, V. a., reprehendere (to blame 
in a frien dly way, for the purpose of setting 
a oiaji right) : vituperare (to rdfuke for 
the purpose of bringing a man to a con- 
fession of h'j fault, to shame, and repent- 
ance) : culpare (to lay the blame on, ali- 
quem or sjiquid: to be blamed for any 
thing, culpari ob aliquid ; in aliquo : de- 
aerredly, merito) : increpare (in a loud, 
railing way) ; improbare (to declare dis- 
approbation of). To blame one in a 
firiendly manner, aUquem amice repre- 
hendere. To blame one for a thing, rep- 
rehendere aliqnem de aliqud re or in I ter). 



B L E A 

tribnere, assignare. One passes the blame 
over to the other, causam alter in altenun 
confert || Fault, ritium, culpa; noxia, 
noxa; crimen. 

BLAMELESS, non reprehendendus, 
non vituperandus ; probus; abomnivido 
vacuus ; integer ; sanctus. A blameless 
course of life, gumma morum probi^s, 
vitae sancdtas. To live a blameless life, 
sancte vivere. 

BL.-VNCH, album, pallidum facere, red- 
dere ; insolare (to bleach in the sun). 

BLAND, lenis, mitis, placidus, blandus. 

BLANDISHMENT, blanditiaj, blandi- 
mentum. 

BLANK, II not written on, inanis 
(generally), vacuus (which can be, or is yet 
to be written on), purus. || Downcast, 
crushed, demissus, fractus, qui animo 
deficit, perculsus, profligatus ; tristis, spe 
alienus. || Po/e, paHidus, pallens. \\Con- 
fused, perturbatus, (animo) confusus. 

BLANK, 5., charta or tabella inanis, 
vacua, pura; spatium inane. |j 7n a lot- 
tery, sors inanis. / draw a blank, sors 
mne lucro exit || Vain thing, res in- 
anis, res vana. 

BLANK, r., aliquem or alicujus ani- 
mum affligere ; alicujus animum frange- 
re, infringere ; alicujus mentem animum- 
que perturbare ; constemare, percutere. 

BLANKET, lodix lanea. To toss in a 
blanket, aliquem distents lodici imposi- 
tum In sublime jactare (after Suet„ OtL, 2). 

BLASE', * a voluptario eenere vitje de- 
tritus jam et retomdus (after Gell., 15, 30, 

!)• 

BLASPHEME, blasphemare (Eccl.) ; 
convicium facere Deo. 

BLASPHEMER, blasphemua (Eccl.). 

BLASPHEMOUS, blasphemua. 

BLASPHEMY, blasphemia (Micron., 
Augustin) : blasphemium (Prudent.) : 
blasphematio (Tertuil., causa blasphema- 
tionis). 

BLAST, impetus venti ; ventua, flamen 
(violent blowing) : flatus (blowing ; also 
of favorable winds : flabra, plural, gentle 
blowing, sometimes puffs of wind ; poetic- 
al). II Of an instrument, flamen ; 
sonitua; clangor. \\ Stroke of a plan- 
et, Sec, tactus, afiSatus (e. g., solis, lun», 
&c.). 11 Of lightning, tulmen (so the 
blasts of fortune, fnlmina fortunse). In 
the widest sense^ fulmen, ictus calami- 
tatis, ventua, calamitas, casus adversus. 
II O/ disease, contagio. \\ Of corn, 
sideratio, robigo, uredo (mildew, smut). 

BLAST, c, II ruin, delere (destroy, blot 
out) : subvertere, evertere (overthrow) : 
perdere (destroy) : peiTertere : to blast 
any body's reputation, alicui infamiam 
movere ; aliqnem infamare or diffamare ; 
aUquem variis rumoribus differre (to cir- 
culate reports against him) : to blast one's 
hopes, spem exstinguero. || Blight, 
terrere, urere, adurere, robigine corrum- 
pere, robigine or uredine afficere. Blast- 
ed heaths, deserta et sterUia tesqua. 
II Compare Blight. 

BLAZE, flamma; fulgor; ignia (grett 
brightness). 

BL.iZE, r. n., ardescere, exardescere, 
fianunaa emittere, ardere, flagrare : || r. 
a., vulgare. divulgare, pervulgare. 

BLAZON, * insignia gentilicia expri- 
mere or explicare. \\ Deck, omare, ex- 
omare. \\ Display, in conspectum da- 
re ; ante oculos exponere : ostentare. 
II Spread abroad, (Uvulgare, pervulga- 
re; buccinatorem esse alicujus rei (to 
trumpet it) : canere, cantare (vid. Virg., 
Mn., 4, 190) : venditare, jactare (to trum- 
pet forth ont^s own praises in arxy mat- 



aliqua re. / am not to be blamed for this, 
a me haec culpa procul est To be to 
blame, in vitio esse: in culpa esse. We 
are so much the more to blame, nobis eo 
minus isnoscendum est 

BL.iME, s., reprehensio: vituperatio, 
eu'.patio, objurgatio. To fall into blame, 
»eprehendi, viruperari, in vituperationem 
▼enire, cadere, incidere. To deserve blame, 
in vitio esse. I confess myself to bUamefor 
these things, hsec mea culpd fateor fieri. 
To lay the blame upon one, culpam in ali- 
qnem conferre, transferre (f A is Zaan-,/rom 

mu!» tt'f on another) : culpam alicui at- fluena ; oculuj Uppiena (as a permanent 
5 



BLE.\CH, insolare (to bleach in the 
sun). II Intb., albescere; exalbescere 
(become whitish). 

BLEACHER, * qui insolat lintea. 

BLEACHERY, locus, in quo fit insola- 
tio (linteorum, itc), or in quo lintea, ic, 
purgantur et alba redduntur. 

BLE.-iCinNG, til the sun, insolab'o : 
of war. cerae. 

BLEAK, frigidus, algens, algidns. 
Stn. in Cold. 

BLEAKNESS, frigus. 

BLE.4R. A blear eye, oculus humore 



B L IN 

defect). To hare blear eyes, lippire. Stear 
eyed, lippus, Uppiena. 

BLE.AREDNESS, fluxio oculomm , 
lippitudo (permanent). 

BLEAT, balare. poetical; balatuin ex- 
ercere, f'irg. ; balatus dare, Ov. || Bleat- 
ing, balatiLS. 

BLEED, \\emit bloo-i, aangnin^n 
fundere (ojf men and the wound) : sangui- 
nem effundere or profundere: his nose 
bleeds, sanguis e naribus ei lluit He ^as 
bled ezceedingly, ingens vis sanguinis ma- 
navit My heart bleeds at somikhing, in- 
credibilem dolorem ex aUqua re capio. 
How my heart bled ! quantum animo vnl- 
nua accepi! \\ Let blood, aanguinem 
mittere alicui (e, g., ex brachio) : alicui 
cordolium est (pra- and post -classical, 
Plaut., Appul.) : venam incidere, rescin- 
dere, secare, ferire, percutere ; alicui ve- 
nam solvere et sanguinem mittere ; alicui 
sanguinem mittere. He does not bleed 
fretlv, male sanguis emittitur. 

BLEEDING, |1 (iiscAar^e of blood, 
profiuvium (profosio or flmdo) sanguinis ; 
haemorrhagia (especially through the nose). 
\\ Surgical, sansuinis missio, detractio. 
BLE>HSH, II iodily, macula, labes 
(diminutive, labecula), nsevus ; vitiuin 
(deformity, defect, generally). || Moral, 
turpitude, macula, vitium, labes, igno- 
minia, nota atque ignominja, nota turpi- 
todinia, macula sceleris, probrum, flagi- 
tium. 

BLEMISH, v., maculare, commaculare 
maculis aspergere : deformare, turpare, 
corrumpere ; mftiscare, foedare, inquina- 
re, labeculam aspergere (with dative) : 
maculis aspergere ; violare, Isedere. To 
blemish any body's reputation, de existi- 
matione alicujus detrahere. 

BLEND, miscere, commiscere, con 
fundere, permiscere, implicare. 

BLESS, \\ prosper, fortunare, pros- 
perare, secundare (poetical), bene verte- 
re ; felicem, beatum reddere, felicitatem 
dare alicui ; beare, magnd Isetitia afficere. 
To bless a thing to one, prosperare alicui 
aliquid; fortunare alicui aliquid. May 
Heaven bless your labors ! Deua tibi (not 
tnos, as Muretus has it) labores fortnnet ! 
To be blessed with a son, fiho augeri 
Fortune blesses our first undertaking, ad- 
spirat primo fortnna labori || Bless me: 
maxime Jupiter ! proh Jupiter ! || Pro- 
nounce a blessing upon, alicui bene 
precari; aliquem bonis ominibua prose- 
qui (accompany with blessings) : aliquid 
februare (to purify by religious rites). 
II Praise, laudare, beatum preedicare, 
laudibns celebrare. 

BLESSED, beatna (having aU physical 
and moral good) : pius (good, holy ; the 
blessed, -pii). || jFortunaJe, felix, fortu- 
satus. 

BLESSEDLY, beate ; feliciter, fauate. 

BLESSEDNESS, summa felicitas; im- 

mortalitas vitae (immortality) : vita beata. 

To live in eternal blessedness, beatum evo 

sempitemo fruL 

BLESSING, sollemnes preces ; bona 
omina. To dismiss the congregation with 
a blessing, precibua sollemnibus coetum 
(sacrum) dimittere. With the blessings 
of all, omnibus la;ta precantibus. || G ift, 
benefit, ifcc, munus, commodum, bo- 
num, &c. The blessings of peace, mune- 
ra, commoda pacis. The blessings of 
Providence, Dei munera, beneficia. || Di- 
vine favor, BeifnyoT. MayGodgrasa 
his blessing ! quod Deua bene vertat ! 

BLIGHT, robigo, uredo; (generally) 
lues. 

BLIGHT, v., robigine corrumpere, ure- 
dine afficere ; necare. The trees ana 
crops are blighted, arbores sataque corru- 
pit lues. Salt showers blight the com, 
salsi imbres necant frumenta. Vid. 
Blast. 

BLIND, caecus, oculis or luminibua 
captua, himinibus orbatus. Blind of one 
eye, cocles, luacus (bom so) : altero oculo 
captua (become so) : unoculua. Blind- 
born, caecus genitus (cae<:igenua, poetical). 
To become blind, lumina oculorum, or lu- 
mina, or aspectum amittere. \\ As to 
the mind, caecus, occsecatus, mente cap- 
tns, temerarius, stultus. Fortune ma.'es 
her facorius blind, fortuna eos caecoe effi- 
65 



B L O O 

cit (stultos facit), quos complexa est. A 
blind imitation, cffica or teraeraria imita- 
tio ; prejudice, falsa opinio. To show any 
hotly a blind obedience, totum se ad alicu- 
JUS nutum et voluntatcra convertere. 
\\Hidden, dark, &c., caucus; opcrtus. 
A blind ditch, fossa cajca or operta. 
Ij False, caucus, fictiis, simulatus. A 
blind v-indow, fenestra ticta or simulata ; 
fenestra! imago. 

BLIND, v., caicum reddorc, cajcare, 
excajcare, ociilis privaro, lumiuibus or- 
bare ; oculos eli'odere, eruere alicui (to 
tear out the eyes). To be blinded (hy long 
exposure to the su?i, for instance), aspec- 
tum amittere. |{ For a time only ; to 
dazzle, &c , occajcare ; oculos or oculo- 
rum aciem pra3Striugero. \\As to the 
mind, cascare, occa^care, excajcare ali- 
quem or alicujus mentein ; aninii or men- 
tis aciem, oculos alicujus prajstrinjere. 
\\ By beauty, capere, irretire, in amo- 
reni p(^lUcere. 

BLINDFOLD, oculis opertis or alliga- 
tis, conniventibus or clausis oculis. {{ To 
blindfold the eyes, oculos alligare. 

BLINDLY, caucus: caico impetu ; te- 
mere. To af^sent blindly to a thing, te- 
mere asscutire alicui rei. They rushed 
blindly into the water, cseci in aquam 
ruebaiit. 

BLINDM.^N'S BUFF. To play blind- 
man's buff, myinda {adv., Gr. nv'tv&a) lu- 
dere. 

BLINDNESS, (luminis) csecitas, (ocu- 
lorum) caligo {when it is dark before the 
eyes) : mentis or animi caecitas, mentis 
caligfo ; tenebrse {blindness of spirit, stu- 
pidity) : inscitia, stultitia. 

BLIND-SIDE, vitimii. 

BLINK, nictare, palpolirare ; connivere 
(to see with eyes half shut). 

BLISS. Vid. Blessedness. 

BLISTER, pustula ; papula (raised by 
heat). A blister - plaster, vesicatorium. 
To draw or raise blisters, pustulas facere 
or excitare. Full of them, pustulosus. 

BLISTF.R, TR., pustulari. Intr., pus- 
tulare : vesicatorium imponero. 

BLITHE, Haitus; hilarus, hila- 

BLITIIESOME, j ris ; alaccr. To 
tcear a blithesome look, vultu la^titiam 
praiferre. 

BLITHELY, Uete, hilare (-iter), animo 
laito or hilari. 

BLITHENESS, tetitia, hilaritas, ani- 
mus Uetus or hilaris ; alacritas, animus 
alacer. 

BLOAT, V. a., tnmefacere, implere, 
tendere, sufflare, intlare ; figuratively, in- 
flare. Bloated, turgidus, tumidus, tu- 
mens, inflatus : || v. re., tumescere, extu- 
mescere : turgescere. 

BLOCK, truncus (of wood) : gleba (of 
<fto7ie, marble) : caudex (block to which 
offenders were fastened) : niassa (mass, 
lump) : phalanga (roller) : lorma causiie 
(hat-block) : trochlea (puUey) : truncug 
funestus (executioner's block). To come 
to the block, securi percuti. || Block, 
blockhead, stipes, truncus, caudex. 

BLOCK, V. a., claudcre (shut in) : ob- 
Btruero, obsepire, intorcludere. To block 
up the way, yimm prajcluderc ; viam ob- 
struere (barricade) ; iter obsepire ; iter 
interchxdere. interrumpere. 

BLOCKADE, conclu.^io, obsidio. To 
raise the blockade of a town, urbe absce- 
dere, obsidionc urbis dcsistere. To de- 
liver from a blockade, obsidionc liberare 
or solvere. 

BLOCKADE, v.. obsidere, circum so- 
dere, obsidionem (urbi) inferre, in ob.«i- 
dione tenere, ob.?idione claudcre, operi- 
bus cin^cre. 

BL0(;K-110IISE, propugnaculum. 

BLOCKISH, stoUdus, etupidus, tardus, 
hf bcs, brutus. 

BLOOD, sanguis (properly; also, kin- 
dred, lineage, rigor; also, of other juices) : 
cruor (blood from the veins, blood shed) : 
ir-anies (corrupt blond). To stanch blood, 
panguinera si^tere, s-upi)rimerc, cohiliere. 
To imbrue or stai7i with blood, sanguine 
cruontare, inquinare, respergcre ; san- 
•ruino contiiminare. To la blood, san- 
guini'm mittere (e. g., alicui ex bracliio). 
A shower of blood, inber saniriunis or sp.n- 
ruineus. An eruption of blood, sanguinis 
66 



BLOT 

eruptio. To shed his blood for his coun- 
try, sanguinem pro patrid profundere or 
effundcre. To shed blood (commit mur- 
diir), cifidem or sanguinem facere. Loss 
of blood, sanguinis profusio (fortuita). 
Tlie victory cost them much blood, victoria 
illis multo sanguine stetit. He thirsts for 
blood, sanguinem sitit. An avenger of 
blood, ultor parricidii, ultor mortis alicu- 
jus. To be connected with any body by 
the ties of blood, sanguine cum aliquo 
conjunctum esse, sanguine attingere ali- 
quem. Of illustrious blood, genere cla- 
ms, illustris, insignis. If you stir up my 
blood, si mihi stomachum moveritis. His 
blood is up, ira incensus est, rracundia 
ardet, illi animus ardet. Hot blood boils 
in your veins, vos calidus sanguis vexat. 
To do a thing in cold blood, consulto et 
cogitatum facere aliquid. Flesh and blood 
(i. e., lusts), cupiditates, libidines. My flesh 
and blood (i. e., my cidldren), viscera inea. 
One's own flesh and blood, sanguis suus 
(e. g., Philippus in suiira sanguinem sa3- 
viebat, Liv.). || Flesh and blood (z=zhu- 
man weakness), humani generis imljecilli- 
tas ( =: natural powers), vires a natura 
homini insitaj (Cic). 

BLOOD-COLORED, ooloris sanguinei, 
sansuineus. 

BLOOD-HOUND, canis ad homines 
persequendos or vestigandos idoneus ; 
figuratively, sanguinarius, crudeli.-simus, 
carnifex. 

BLOODLESS, san<ruine carens, exsan- 
guis, mortuus. || Without bloodshed, 
incruentus. ■< 

BLOOD-RELATION, consanguineus, 
sanguine conjunctus. || The connec- 
tion, consanguinitas, sanguinis conjunc- 
tio. 

BLOODSHED, ca;des. Without blood- 
shed, sine sanguine, sine vulnere. Taking 
place without it, incruentus. 

BLOODSHOT, sanguine or cniore suf- 
fusus, sanaruinolentus. 

BLOOD-SUCKER, || leech, hirudo 
(properly and figuratively), sanguisuga. 
II Vampire, vespertiiio spectrum 
(Lin.). 

BLOOD-THIRSTY, sanguinarius, san- 
guinem sitiens, sa^vus ; sanguineus (poet- 
ical). 

BLOOD-VESSEL, arteria, vena ; vas. 

BLOODY, cruentus (properly and fig. 
uratively), cruentatus (stained with blood), 
sanguine respersus ( bespattered with 
blood) : sanguineus (consisting of blood, 
a^ a shower ; other uses are poetical). To 
make bloody, cruentare, sanguine rcsper- 
gere. A bloody war, bellum cruentum, 
atro.x, funestum, sa'vum. Bloody flux, 
dysenteria rubra. || Bloody, bloody- 
minded. Vid. Blood-thirsty. 

BLOOM, flos. To be in bloom, florere. 
II Fio., to be in the bloom of life, in flore 
ffitatis esse, ffitatc florere : yet, integi'a 
esse ffitate. 

BLOOM, v., (be in bloom) florere (prop- 
erly and figuratively), vigere (figiiraiire- 
ly) : florem mittere, expellcre (put forth 
blossoms). To begin to bloom, florescere 
(properly and figuratively). 

BLOOMING, florcns (properly and fig- 
■uratively) ; fioridus (rich with flowers). 
Blooming children, lil)nri florentes. 
II Beauty, forma florida et vecota. 
\\ Health, valetudo Integra or optima; 
virium flos. \\Circumstances, res flo- 
rentes, florentifsima;. 

BLOOMY, floridus, floribus vestitus. 

BLOSSOM, flos. 

BLOSSOM, J!., florescere ; florem mit- 
tere or expellerc. 

BLOT oiu, cx,stingucre : delere (gen- 
erally) : inducere (by drawing the wax over 
it with the style) : radere, ('radere (to dig 
out). Fig., exstinguere, delere. oblitera- 
re. Blot out the remembrance of a thing, 
memoriam alicujus rei delc're Hrolilitera- 
re. \[ Blot (to blur, spot), miirulare, mac- 
ulis asperaere; macula (-is) orlitura (-is) 
deformarc, turparc. Intk., the paper blots, 
charta transmittit (dift'undit) literas, char- 
ta est bibula. || To disgrace, disfig- 
ure, labcm or labcculam aspergere alicui 
or alicui rei, alicui ignominiam inurere ; 
iiifuscare, deformarc, infamem facere, 
foedare, oblinere. 



B LUN 

BLOT, s., (atramenti) litura ; macula 
(properly and figuratively) : lahes, nota 
turpitudinis. Blot at backgammon, calcu- 
lus nudus, apertus. 

BLOTCH, varus, ionthus (on the face) : 
pustida (blister) : variola? (packs). 

BLOW, s., percussio (a striking with 
force), ictus, plaga, verber, petitio (blow 
aimed at one). Fig., fulmen, casus, dam- 
num. A mortal blow, ictus mortifenis, 
plaga mortifera. At one blow, uno ictu. 
To give one a blow, plagam alicui inferre, 
infligere. A blow in the face with the open 
hand, alicui alapam ducere. A blow with 
the clinched fist, alicui colophum ducere ; 
alicui pugnum or colaphum impingere. 
To give one blows, aliquem pulsai-e, ver- 
berare, verberibus ca;dere. They come 
to blows, res venit ad manus. To despise 
the blows of fortune, fulmina fortunaa con- 
temnere. 7 have received a heavy blow, 
gravlssiraam accepi plagam (figuratively). 
One blow follows another, damna damnis 
continuantur. To prepare himself for the 
decisive blow, ad discrimcn accinai. 

BLOW, v., 11 of the wind, flare, (spi- 
rare, poetical). || Of the breath, flare, 
conflare : to puff, anhelare : of a horst, 
fremere (to snort). To blow an instrvr 
ment, canere, cantare, ludere (with abla- 
tive), inflare (with accusative) : of the in- 
strument blown, canere. The winds blow 
contrary, reflant venti. A taind which 
blows from the north, ventus qui a septcn- 
trionibus oritur. To blow -upon, afflare. 
I'o blow away, dissipare, difflare; rapere 
(snatch off). To be blown down, vento 
attiigi ad terram, prostemi, dejici. To 
blow out, exstinguere. To blow (make by 
blowing), flare, flatu figurare. To blow 
■up the fire, ignem conflare, sutflare, buccis 
excitare. To blow up the cheeks, buccas 
inflare, sufflare. To blow up the body, 
corpus inflare. To blow a man up, inflare 
alicujus animum: to be blown tip, Inani 
superbia tumere, superbia se ett'erre. To 
blow up (kindle, inflame), accendere, con- 
flare. To blow ■up with gunpowder, * ali- 
quid vi pulveris pyrii displodere. To be 
blown into the air, * vi pulveris pyrii sub- 
lime rapi. 

BLOW. Vid. Bloom, Blossom. 

BLOWING, flatus (of the wind) : of a 
flute, inflatus tibiaj. 

BLUBBER, s., adeps balsenarum. 

BLUBBER, v., genas laerimis fcedare, 
uberius flere, vim lacrimarum profun- 
dere. Blubbered cheeks, genae lacrimando 
turgentes. \\ Blubber-cheeked, buccu- 
lonfus. Blubbcr-lijyped, labrosus. 

BLUDGEON, fustis plumbo armatus. 

BLUE, casruleus, subcajrulcus (some- 
what blue), cyaneus, cumutilis (all mean 
water-blue ; dyed or dressed so, cajrulea- 
tus) : ca-sius (blue gray, sky-blue) : glnu- 
cus (sea-green, gray-blue, like cat's eyes) : 
violaceus, purpureus, ianthinus, amethys- 
tinus ; lividus (black-blue, black and blue). 
Blue ryes, oculi ca;rulei, ca;sii, glaucL 
Having such, cffiruleus, <fcc. Dark-blue, 
violaceus, purpureus. Light-blue, gul> 
ca^ruleus. To become black and blue, 
livescere : to be so, livere. 

BLUE, s., caruleus, &c., color; cffiru- 
Icum (as a coloring material). 

BLUE-BOTTLE, cyanus. 

BLUFF, inhumanus, inurbanus, agres- 
tis, rusticus ; violentus, vehemens. 

BLUNDER, .«., mendum (offence against 
a rule to be observed, a proper form. Sic, 
especially mUtakes in writing, calculations, 
&c.): error, erratum (mistake made from 
ignorance or inadvertency ; of a xcorkmav, 
erratum fabrile (Cic.) : erratum, opposed 
to recte factimi and, as a quality, vitium. 
Also, of offences against propriety of speech, 
e. g., error. Quint.. 1, 5, 47) : peccatum, 
delictum (a7iy sin or error ; alio of faults 
in language; e. g., Cic, paucis verbis 
tria magna pcccata) : vitium (any blem- 
ish or imperfcrtion ; figuratively, of bar- 
barisms and solecisms. Quint., ], .1, 5, sqq.). 
To remove a blunder, mendum tollere 
(e. g., librariorum menda toilere, Cic). 
To correct a blunder, mendum, errorem 
or peccatmn corrigere. In saying idus 
Martii you, have ?nade a great blunder, 
idus Martii mngnum mendum conti- 
nent (it should be idus Martias). To com- 



BOAR 

Mft tt£ game blunder, idem peccare : one 
blunder after another, aliud ex alio pec- 
care. To fall into an opposite blunder, in 
contrarium vitium converti. || Full of 
bluiideri, mendosus. Free from blun- 
ders, emendatas (freed from fault* ; of 
mriings) : emendate descriptus (jDOpied 
out accurately ; printed accuratehf). 

BLUNDER, \l stumble, pedem offen- 
dere : vestigio falU (slip, make a false 
$up) : labi (slip doicn). It Commit a 
blunder, aliquid oliendere (blunder 
against any thing ; not to act as one 
ought) : labi (make a false step) : peccare 
(«ii, commit a fault, xraieiv). V'id. "com- 
mit a blunder," under Blcxoeb, s. 
n To blunder out any thing, incon- 
snlti\is evectum projicere aliquid (Lie, 
35, 31, middle). \l To blunder upon 
any thing, in aliqiiid casu incurrere 
(Cic). 

BLUNDERHEAD, sUpes, tnmcna, stu- 
pidus homo. 

BLUNT, hebes, obtusns, retusns (prop- 
erly and figuratirely). To be blunt, heb^- 
re ; obtusi esse acie (properly) : hebe- 
tem, hebetatum, obtusum esse (also Jig- 
uratirely). Become so, hebescere (prop- 
erly and figUTOtirely). Blunt in spirit, 
hebetis ortardi ingeniL H Rough, rude, 
inurbanus, rusticus, horridiis. \\ Abrupt, 
abruptus. \\ Plain, liber. 

BLUNT, r., hebetare, retnndere, ob- 
tundere (properly and figuratively) : an 
axe, retundere securim : a spear, hebetare 
hastam : a keen palate, obtundere subtile 
palatum : the mind, mentem, ingeniom 
obfandere. To be blunted to a thing, 
hebetatum atque indoratum esse ad ali- 
quid. Blunted in body and mind, anitno 
simul et corpore hebetate. To blunt 
hope, spem debilitare, extenuare. 

BLL^'TLY, rustice, horride ; libere, 
Budaciter: inornate, abmpte. 

BLLTiTNESS, hebes (I'alcis, &c.) aci- 
es ; ruiticitas, mores inculti, horridi ; 
sermo abruptus, inomatus; sermo libe- 
rior. 

BLUR, macula, labea ; litnra (firom 
erasure). 

BLL^R, r., obscurare ; labem or labecu- 
1am aspergere. 

BLUSH, II turn red, erubescere, pu- 
dore or rubore suffondi, rubor mihi suf- 
funditur or ofiiinditur. || Be red, mbe- 
rc. To blush at one's oten praises, pudore 
affici ex sud laude. 7 need not blush, if, 
tc., non est res, qua erubescam, si, «fcc. 
They blush at their origin, origlne sua 
erubescunt. || Fig., rubere, rubescere ; 
fill sere. 

BLUSH, rubor. To put to the blush, 
mborem alicui afferre, elicere ; alicui pu- 
dorem iucutere. || Fig., rubor, fulgor. 
W At first blush, primS specie or firon- 
te, aspectu primo. 

BLUSTER, sffivire. || Of men, swTi- 
re; tumultuari. tumultum facere. || Brag, 
insolenter gloriari. A blustering sea, 
mare tumultuosiim. Blustering weather, 
coe'.um immite, turbidum. 

BLUSTER, s., tempestas, procetla : 
fremitus, strepitus, tumultus : sajvitia, 
fiiror ; jactatio, ostentatio. venditatio. 

BLUSTERER, homo turbulentus ; ho- 
mo gloriosus. 

BO.AR, verres : a wild boar, aper. (Jff 
a boar, verrinus : xild, aprugnus. Boar- 
spear, Tenabulum. Boar-hog, verres cas- 
tratus, majalis. 

B0.4RD, tabula; assis or axis (thick 
board, plank). To cut a tree into boards, 
arborem in laminas secare. A house 
made of boards, aedificium tabulatum or 
ex tabulis factum. A fioor laid tciih oak 
boards (planks), solum roboreis asibus 
compactum or constratum. || To play 
o n, tabula: forus aleatorius, alveus or af- 
Teolu* (dice-board) : abacus (board leith 
squares). \] Table, mensa : ^figuratirelv, 
cosna, convivium, epulae. Side -board. 
abacTL^. To lire at another's board, aliena 
mens4 or quadra vivere. To be separated 
from bed and board, cubilibus ac mens& 
discemi. || Food and lodging, victus 
pactd mercede prsebitus. Good board, 
rictus lautus. To give one his board, 
nataitmn victum dare alicui. \\ Assem- 
bly, collegium, consessus, consiliuin. 



BODY 

IJ On board, in navi To go on board, 
navem consce»dere. To hace a person 
on board, sustulisse aliquem : a thing, 
vehere aliquid. To leap overboard, ex 
navi desiUre or se projicere. 3V> throw 
overboard, alicujus rei jacturam facere. 

BO.\RD, r., contabulare. || Live at a 
certain price, ab aliquo, pact& merce- 
de, ali ; alicujus victn, pacta mercede, utL 
To board and lodge with any body, esse 
in hospitio apud aliquem ; hospitio alicu- 
jos uti. Put at board, aliquem alicui pac- 
td mercede alendum tradere. || Enter 
a sh ip, in hostiam navem transcendere ; 
navem conscendere. || Address, at- 
tempt, alloqui, compellari; tentane, pe- 
tere, adoriri; prtevertere. 

BO.\RDER, qui ab aliquo pacta mer- 
cede alitur. Fellow-boarder, convictor. 

BO.\ST, se efferre, se jactare (insolen- 
ter), gloriari, gloria et prasdicatione sese 
efferre. To boast of or in a thing, aliqud 
re, or de, or in aliqud re gloriari : jactare, 
ostentare, venditare aliquid. He boasts 
and brags as high as ever, nee quicquam 
jam loquitur modestius. He boasts of 
his villainy, in facinore et scelere gloria- 
tur. He boasts of his own deeds, suarum 
laudum prjeco est ; sua narrat facinora. 

B0.4ST, ) jactatio, ostentatio, ven- 

BO.\STING, 5 ditatio (of sonuthing, 
alicujus rei) : ostentatio sui, jactantia suL 
To make a boast of, jactare. ostentare, 
venditare aliquid ; aliqua re gloriari. 

BOASTEP, jactator, ostentator, vendi- 
tator alicujus rei ; homo vantis, homo va- 
niloqnus, homo gloriosus, homo fortia 
linguJL 

BOASTFUL, gloriosus, vanus, vanilo- 
quus. 

BOASTFULLY, gloriose, jactanter. 

BOAT, scapha (especially a shi^s boat) : 
cymba (a small boat to navigate a lake, 
for fshing, &c.) : alveus, lembus (_fiat- 
bottomed boat, skiff) : linter (canoe) : na- 
vicula, navigiolum, actuariolum, lenun- 
cuius, sometimes navis, navigium. Boat- 
man, nauta; lintrariua. 

BODE, portendere. 

BODICE, mamillare, fliorax linteus. 

BODILY, corporalis (in nature and 
quality) : coi^reus (in material) : things, 
corporalia ; res corporesB ; quae cemi 
tangique possunt || Proper to the 
body, possessed by the body, relat- 
ing to the body, in corpore situs, cor- 
poralis : but oflener by the genitive, corpo- 
ris. A bodily defect, vitium corporis or 
corporale. BodUy goods, bona corjwris. 
Bodiiy cAarmA corporis venustas. \\Real, 
verus. To bring to bodily act, ad effectum 
adducere or perducere. 

BODILESS, corpore vacans or vacuus, 
corpore carens, sine corpore ; incorpo- 
reus (Silver Age). 

BODY, corpus. A small body, corpus- 
cnlum. To have a healthy body, bona 
corporis valetudine utL To devote him- 
self body and soul to one, alicui corpus 
animamque addicere : to a thin^, totum 
et mente et animo in aliquid insistere. 
Body-guard, corporis custodes: stipato- 
res corporis, stipatores : satellites, cohors 
pratoria, milites prsetbriani. .4 dead 
body, corpus mortuum, corpus hominis 
mortui, also corpus or mortuus : cadaver ; 
fnnus. To lay out a dead body, corpus 
mortuum curare. Having tvo bodies, 
bicoqKJr. Able or strong-bodied, robtis- 
tns, validus, firmus. || Belly, venter, al- 
vus. Beans puff up the body, venter in&a- 
tur fabis. To bind the body, alvum as- 
tringere. || Person, homo. Nobody, 
nuUns, nemo ; non ullus. non qnisquam. 
Every body, omnes homines, omne«. 
II ^ny body, quisquam (after negatives, 
with vix, sine ; in interrogative sentences 
when the ansicer " Ko" is expected ; and in 
the second member of comparative senten- 
ces) : quivis, quilibet (any you please) : 
quis (after si, nisi, ne, num quo. quanto; 
but si quisquam, when doubt is u> be ex- 
pressed whether there is any body). Some- 
body, aliquis. Hardly any body, non fere 
quisquam. Nor is he seen by any body, 
neque cemitur ulli (for ab nUo). iVof a 
body, homo nemo, nemo unus. That no- 
body do hurt to any body, ne cui quis no- 
ceat Lest any body, ne qois. If any 



BOLD 

body, si quis U Collective mass, ooK^ 
pus. They wished to have a king out af 
thtir own body, sui corporis creari regem 
Tolebant. He set in order the body of tM 
empire, ordinavit imperii corpus. A com- 
plete body of all the Roman law, corpna 
omnis Romani juris. The whole body of 
citizens, cives cuncti; also civitas. Tkt 
whole body rose, omnes universi consur- 
rexerunL || Corporation, Sic, corp'::*, 
collegium ; classis. A letoTied body, sod- 
etas doctorum hominum. || Of sol- 
diers, manus, exercitus; pars exercitds 
or copiarum ; agmen ; caterva. A bodf 
of cavalry, pars equitum : ala equitum. 
A body (club) of conspirators, globus con- 
jnmtomm. A body of players, grex his- 
trionnm. || Main part: of a tree, trun- 
cos, Etirps : of a column, scapus. truncus : 
of the hitman body, tnmcus. The bodf 
of a country, interior alicujus terra; regio ; 
interiora alicujus terrae. || Strength. 
Wine of a good body, vinum validum, fir- 
mum, forte, plenum. 

BOG, palus. 

BOGGLE, Etnpere; dnbitare, hsrere, 
haesitare, cunctari ; tergiveraari. 

BOGGLER, cunctator, hssitator. 

BOGGLING, dubitatio, haesitatio, cone- 
tatio. 

BOGGY, uliginosus, pahister. 

BOIL, r. n., fervere (also Jigvrativdf 
of the passions and of jb«i) : aestuare (M 
iwell and roar with heat ; alsofgurativ^y : 
bnUare, buUire (to bubble up). To begrm 
to boil, ebuUire, effervescere. To boH 
eiMmgh, defervescere. Boiling hot, fer- 
vena. The meats boil, cibaria bullant. 
7V» boU over, exundare (of boiling water, 
Plin., 31, 2, 19). To make to boil, ferve- 
facere. The sea boils, aestuat mare. To 
boU with enry, invidia aestuare. To boii 
wit* anger, ira fervere ; saevire : II r. «, 
ferrefacere, infervefacere (make to boil) : 
coqnere (cook by boiling). To boil down, 
decoquere (e. g., acetum ad quartas, CoL). 
To boil a thing in something, aliquid co- 
quere in or ex aliqua re (e. e., in lacte, ex 
oleo) ; incoquere aliqud re or cum aliquA 
re (e. g., aquk ferventi, cum aquS). To 
boil quite, percoqnere. To boil metta, 
cibum or cibaria coquere ; cibnm pamre 
or comparare (general term of preparing 
meat, ice, for food). Boiled, elixus (op- 
posed to assus) : coctos (dressed by Jire, 
opposed to cmdus). 

BOILER, Done w*" boils, coctor. 
II Caldron, Sec, vas coquinarium: ahe- 
nnm (of brass) : ahenum cocutum : cal- 
darium ( fitr., for heating water in baths) : 
cucuma (some vessH for boiling or cook- 
ing, Petron.) : cortlna (teith three /«*). 
^^ Lebes only kAcii Greek customs, per- 
sons, tec, are spoken of; espedaOf as m 
eostbf prt»enL 

BOISTEROUS, tnrbnlentus, tnrbidna, 
proceUosus, tumultuosns, violentus. A 
boisterous sea, mare procellosum (ever so) : 
mare tI ventorum agitatum atque turba- 
tum (m a single case). Boisterous weather 
followed, secutae sunt tempestates. 

BOLD, audens (in any one instanet, 
and only in a good sense) : audax (per- 
manently, and in a good or bad senat, 
mostly in the latter) : impavidus. intrei»- 
dns ; fidens (confident, assured) : confidens 
(confident, in a bad sense) : temerarina 
(rash) : impndens, impndicus (trithoml 
shame or modesty) : procax, proteima 
(forward, in a noisy, troublesome, reehleat 
way; procax especially in words, proter- 
Tus in actions) : petulans (attacking aH^ 
ers with raillery, &c., withotit any consid- 
eration) : lascivns (fi n w ard , from high 
animal spirits; also, wanton). Bold (m 
Umgvage), procax fiiigQ&. Bold {om- 
gvage, sermo procax or procaciter ortua. 
n Projecting, prominentior. Verylx^d, 
summs audacis, singulari audacid. A 
bold poet, poeta andax : thought, eeat&a- 
tia audax: metiq)hor, Teibnm aadacins or 
altias translatnm. To be bold (to say, SO:.), 
andgre (with infinitive). You are a bold 
beggar, satis andacter petis. A bold brow, 
OS ferrenm : a bold feUow, homo perfrio- 
tae frontis (both in a bad sense). 

BOLDLY, audacter. libere; fidenter, 
confidenter : impudenter ; impavide, in- 
trepide ; temere ; procaciter (-cactoi^ 
67 



BONE 

•cacissime) : proteire [Syn. m Bold]. 
To behave boldly ( :zzforwardly), procacius 
86 in aliqua re gerere. / say it boldly, 
audacter dico ; libere protiteor. 

BOLDNESS, audentia, audacia, animus 
audax ; tidentia, confidentia ; impudentia ; 
OS durum, ferreum : procacitas : proter- 
vitas : lascivia [Syn. in Bold]. Rash 
boldness, temeritas. Boldness of speech, 
libertas. Too great boldness, licentia. 
To hace the boldness to, &c., audere {with 
infinitive) : sumere hoc sibi, ut, &c. 

BOLE, truncus, stirps. 

BOLL, calamus. Bolls of flax, lini 
virgaj. 

BOLSTER, pulvinus. 

BOLT, materis or matara (vid. Cas., B. 
O., 1, 2C) : sagitta (arroic). Thunder-bolt, 
fulmen. Bolt upright,\i\iu\e rcctas; direc- 
tus. II Bar, claustrum, pessulus, obex. 

BOLT, v., 11 the door, pessulo januam 
claudere or oculudere, pessulum januse 
obdere. To bolt one out, aliquem ex- 
cludere foras. || To sift, cribrare, cri- 
bro cernere or succernere, succernere. 
\^ Blurt out, projicere. Intr., erum- 
pere, prorumpere. 

BOLTER, cribrum farinarium or polli- 
narium ; incerniculum. 

BOLTLNG-CLOTH, *Unteum cribra- 
rium. 

BO.MB, * pyrobolus. To throw bombs, 
* pyrobolos mittere. 

BOMBARD, * urbem tormentis verbe- 
rare. 

BOMBARDIER, * pyrobolarius. 

BOMBARDMENT, * tormentoi-um, tc- 
lorum, pyrobolorum conjectio. 

BOMBAST, verborum pouipa, verbo- 
rum tumor, inflata oratio, ampullaj. To 
deal in bombast, adbibere quandam in di- 
cendo speciem atque pompam: ampul- 
lari (Hor., >;;/cuOi'^£n'). 

BOMBASTIC, inflatus, elatus (Cic.) : 
less commonly, tumidus. Turgidus {Hor.). 
Any body's style is bombastic, alicujus ora- 
tio turget atque inflata est. 

BOND. [Vid. Band.] Bonds, chains, 
rincula; catena3. \\ Imprisonment, 
custodia, vincula. To lie in bonds and 
chains, esse in vinculis et catenis. To 
cast into bonds, in vincula mittere, conji- 
cere ; vinculis astringere. To cast into 
bonds {prison), in custodiam {or in vin- 
cula) mittere, tradere, condere, conjicere. 
U Tie, vinculum {jrroperly and figura- 
tively) : nodus, copula {figuratively). 
There is a closer bond aynong kinsmen, 
arctior colligatio est societatis propin- 
quorum. The strict bond of friendship, 
amicitiae conjunctionisque necessitudo. 
II Obligation, chirographum ; syn- 
grapha {paper signed by both parties to a 
contract). To borrow money vpon one's 
bond, per chirographum jiecuniam mu- 
tuam Bumerc. To lend one money vpon 
his bond, chirographo exhibito, pecuniam 
alicui credere. || I'o give bo7ids, satis- 
dare (pro re), satisdationem intcrponere, 
dare : fur the payment of the money ad- 
judged, satisdare judicata) pecunia; {geji- 
iiive, 8C. nomine). 

BONDAGE, captivitas ; gcrvitus, con- 
ditio servilis. The yoke of bondage, ju- 
gum servitutis. To hold in bondage, ser- 
vitute oppressum tcnere. 

BONDMAN, servus : manci])ium 
{bought or taken in war) : verna {born in 
one's house). A bondman by reason of 
debt, Hire nexus. The bondmen of any 
body, familia alicujus. 

BONDSMAID, serva: servula. 

BOiND.SMAN. [Vid. Bondman.] JlOrae 
bound for another, sponsor, vas, priijs, 
satifdntor. 

BON E, OS ; .spina {of a fish). A little 
tone, ossiculum. Of bone, ossous. With- 
out bones, sine osse, exos. 7'o deprive of 
bones, cxossare {also of fish). Bone by 
bone, ossiculatim. He is nothing but skin 
and bones, ossa atque pellis totus est ; vix 
ossibus ha;ret. / tremble, every bone of 
me, omnibus artubus contremisco. Bark- 
bone, spina. Hipbone, coxa, coxendix, 
o8 coxee. Shin-bone, tibia. To break a 
bone, 03 frangere. / make no bones of 
doing this, religio mihi non est, quominiis 
hoc t'aciam. / hare given him a bone to 
pick, injeci scrupulum homini. 
«8 



BOOT 

BONE, v., \[take out the bones, ex- 
ossare (congrus exossabitur, Tex.). 

BONFIRE, ignes festi (^lat.). 

BON MOT, facete or belle dictum, bre- 
viter ac commode dictum, bonum dic- 
tum ; salse dictum, dicterium {when sar- 
castic). 

BONNET, \\ for women: mitra: mi- 
tella {a sort of cap with flaps, and tied 
under the chin ; borrowed from the Asiat- 
ics by the Greeks and Romans) : reticulum 
{a net for the hair). |^^ Calautica, not 
calantica, was probably a sort of veil, cov- 
ering the head arid shoulders. To put on 
a bonnet, caput mitra operiro. \\For 
men : cucullus {pointed and fastened to 
the dress) : pileus {a cap of felt). 

BONNY, bellus, venustus, lepidus; te- 
tus, hilarus, hilaris. 

BONY, ossuosus {full of bones) : osse- 
us, ossi similis {bone-like'). 

BOOBY, homo rusticus, stolidus ; sti- 
pes, caudex ; asinus. 

BOOK, volumen ; liber {also part of a 
work), libellus {little writing) : codex with 
or without accept! et expensi {account- 
book) : ephemeris, libellus, commentarii 
{memora?idum or 7iote-bo'ok ; journal, dia- 
ry, &c.). Waste-book, adversai'ia {plural). 
Without book, ex memorid, memoriter. 
To get without book, ediscere, memoriaj 
tradere, mandare, committere. To keep 
a book {of account), codicem accepti et 
expensi habere. A collection of books, 
hbrorum copia ; bibUotheca. Knowledge 
of books, librorum notitia, usus. To mind 
his book, studiis incumbere. Trade hi 
books, mercatura libraria. To get into 
any body's books {=^ become his debtor), 
vid. Debtor. Not to be in any body's 
books {:=not to be in favor with him), 
vid. Favor. To call any body to book 
(i. e., to make an accurate calculation), ad 
calculos ahqucm vocare {Liv.). 

BOOK, v., aliquid in codicem, commen- 
tarios, libellum, &c., rel'erre. 

BOOK-BINDEK, glutinator {among the 
ancients) : bibliopegus, librorum compac- 
tor {among the moderns). 

BOOK -CASE, armarium librorum 
{Paul. Dig.) : armarium parieti in bibli- 
othecas speciem insertum (Plin., Ep., 2, 
17, 8 : let into a wall). J^y" Not scrini- 
um. Vid. Diet. 

BOOK-KEEPER, calculator, qui alicui 
est a rationibus, rationarius. 

BOOKSELLER, bibhopola, librorum 
venditor ; librarius (wlien he also tran- 
scribes the books). Bookseller's shop, ta- 
berna Ubraria. liliraria. 

BOOK-WORM, blatta, tinea. || Fig., 
to be a book-worm, studiis or libris immo- 
ri ; quasi heluari libris ; totum se abdi- 
disse in literas. 

BOOM, s., longurius : contus : pertica 
[vid. Pole]. || Obex {obstacle) : perhaps 
agirer portum muniens. 

BOOM, v., lluctuare : undare : a?stua- 
re : exffistuare {boil violently) : saivire 
{rage). To come booming (i. e., with 
swelling sails), velis passis aliquo per- 
vehL 

BOON, gratia, beneficium, donum, mu- 
nug. SvN. in Gift. 

BOON, adj., hilaris, littus, jooosus, 
jucundus. Boon- companion, corabibo ; 
corapotor ; sodaUs. 

BOOR, rusticus : agrestis {the rusticus 
violates th'. conventional, the agrestis frc7t 
the natural, laws of good behavior): iiiur- 
banus {unpolished) : iucultus {unrulti- 
vated). Boors, homines ru-^tici. ru.-tici et 
agrestes, rustici, agrcstes. You arc a 
boor, rusticus es. 

BOORISH, \\rustic, rupticu.», rustica- 
nus, agrestis. [Syn. ?'» Boor.] \\Rudc, 
raw, rusticus, agrestis, inurbanns, iucul- 
tus. Somewhat boorish, subrusticus, sub- 
asrestis. 
'BOORISIINES.« rusticitas {Silver 
Age) : mores rustici. 

BOORISHLY, mstice. 

BOOT, calceamennim quod pedes su- 
ris tenus or crura tegit : the ancients wore 
no boots like ours; caliga was only a sole 
(vid. Shoe), and ocreffi were the military 
gr<aves or leggins of brome, brass, &.C., 
and also tlie similar leather leggins of 
peasants, hunters, &c. Boot-jack, * furca 



BORE, 

excalceandis pedibug. Booted, calcel^ 
mentis, &c., indutus ; calceatus. 

BOOT, v., prodesse, conducere, usui 
esse, ex usu esse. Vid. Peofit, v. 

BOOT, «., utilitas, usus, commodum, 
emolumentum, lucrum, Iructus. To boot, 
insuper ; ultro : to give any thing to boot, 
* gratis addere. This goes to boot, hoc 
insuper additur ; hoc ultro adjicitur. 

BOOTH, tabema {stall in which goods 
are sold; also drinkingbooth) : pergula 
{booth or stall attached to the outer wall of 
a house ; e. g., a broker's, Plin.). Little 
booth, tabernula. 

BOOTLESS, inutilis ; cassus, inanis, 
vanus, irritus. Vid. Useless. 

BOOTLESSLY, frustra, nequidquam, 
incassum. You labor bootlessly, operam 
perdis. 

BOOTY, prffida ; raptum {got by rob- 
bery). Booty in arms, banners, &c., spo- 
Ua : in arms stripped from the enemy, exu- 
via;. The general's share of the booty, 
manubiffi : the state's, sectio. To make 
booty, praidari ; prajdam or prfedas face- 
re ; praidam or praidas agere {of men 
and cattle; also with hominum pecorum- 
que) : rapere, rapinas I'acere. To live 
by booty {robbed), vivere rapto. 

BORAX. * borax. 

BORDER, s., margo (scuti, hbri, &c.) : 
ora {broader than margo) : labrum {of a 
ditch, for instance), limbus {on a garment). 
\\ Boundary, finis, confinium. Borders, 
fines {also for the land itself). To dwell 
upon the borders of two lands, finem sub 
utrumque habitare. Soldiers stationed 
on the borders, limitanei milit.es. 

BORDER, V. a., marginare ; cingere, 
circumdare, coercere aliqua re. A bor- 
dered garment, vestis limbata, segmenta- 
ta. II To border upon {of people), hnit- 
imum, vicinum, confinem esse alicui. 
II Of lands, adjacere, imminere alicui 
terra; ; tangcre, attingere, contingere ter- 
rain. Bordering, finitimus, vicinus, con- 
finis ; subjcctus or conjunctus alicui loco. 
To border together, se invicem contingere. 
Falsehoods border on truth, falsa veris 
finitima sunt. 

BORDERER, qui sub finem alicujus 
terrie habitat ; accola, finitimus. Thi 
borderers on the sea, qui oceanum attin- 
gunt ; maritimi homines : on the R/iine, 
qui proximi Rheno flumini sunt ; accol® 
Rheni. 

BORE, v., terebrare {with a gimlet or 
instrument that is turned round) : forare 
{to make a hole through) : perforare {quite 
through) : perterebrare. To bore a hole, 
foramen terebrare or terebra cavare. A 
boring, terebratio. To get out by boring, 
extcrelirare. To bore, i. c., make hollow 
by boring, effbrare ; the trunk of a tree, 
truncum. To bore one's way through a 
crowd, penetrare per turbam : through 
the snows, cluctari nives or per nives. 

BORE, s., foramen. || Caliber, mO' 
dus ; maguitudo, amplitudo. Abore{=z* 
troublesome jtcrson), intolerabilis : intoler- 
andus {unhearabU) : importunus {trouble- 
some, annoying) : odiosus {hateful). To 
be a bore {of a public speaker), odiosmn 
esse in dicendo. 

BORER, terebra. 

BORN. 'To be born, na.=ci, gigni (ex 
aliqua) ; in luccm edi, in vitam venire : 
with the feci foremost, pedibus gisni, in 
pedes procedere. A Grecian born, in 
Gnecia natus, ortu Gra^cus. Who were 
Persians born, qui in I'erside erant nati. 
New-born, recens natus. Before you 7rere 
born, ante te natnm. || To be descen d- 
ed, ortum, oriundum esse. || Fig., to be 
born (i. e., destined by nature) to a thing, 
ad aliquid natum or lactum esse ; ad ali- 
quid natum ai)tuinquo esse. 

BOROUGH, municipium. 

BORROW, \\what is to bcreturnea 
by an equivalent, mutuari, mntuum 
{not nmtuo) sumere aliquid ab aliquo : 
money of one, pecuniam mutuam sumero, 
pecuniam petcre ab aliquo : on interest, 
fenori argentum sumere ab aliqucj. / 
watit to borrow monty, quajro pccunias 
mutuas : on i)iterest, Xi^noro: of one, roi;a- 
re aliquem pecuniam mutuam or argen- 
tum mutuum. To borrow (rrccive by 
borrowing) money, pecuniam mutuam ac- 



BOTT 

Mpere. \l For ust, utendnm petere; 
muruari : from a neighbor, ex proximo. 
To «vwu to borrow, utendum rogare. Bor- 
rotetJ, matnuB ; mutuatud. || Fic, mu- 
tnari, aliunde assumere, sumere aliunde 
ut inatuiun, petere, repetere. The moon 
borrovs her light of the sun, luna mutoa- 
tur lucem a sole. 

BORROWER, qui mutuatnr or motn- 
atus est 

BOSOM, sinus (o/ the body, of a gar- 
ment) : pectus, animus (j^gnratroelf, 
brtast, heart) : pars interior (intima) ; in- 
leriora (intima), viscera ; complexus. ! 
To weep on the bosom of a friend, in amici ! 
cinu flere. To press one to his bosom, ali- j 
quern arctius complecti ; atiquem am- | 
plexari. To see into on^s bosom^ aper- | 
turn alicujus pectus videre. To look into 
ont^s own bosom, in sese descendere. 
The enemy are in the bosom of the city, in 
sinu urius hostes sunt. They dug into 
the bosom of the earth, itum est in Tis<-era 
terra;. To banish from his inmost bosom, 
aliquid ex intima. mente evellere. The 
secrets of on^s bosom, animi secreta, oc- 
culta pectoris. Furies tchich haunt the 
bosom, domestics fiiriae. To be on^s bo- 
som friend, de complexu et sinu alicujus 
esse; in sinu alicujus gestari. A bosom 
friend, sodalis ; amicus conjunctissimus ; 
amici^simus,* intimus. The world holds 
ail things in its bosom, mandus omnia 
complexu suo coercet et continet • 

BOSS, II of a shield, umoo. i| Stud, 
knob, bulla. |j Of the stick on which 
a book is rolled, umbUicns, comn. 
BOT.4NIC.\L, herbarius. 
BOTANIST, herbarius. 
BOTANIZE, c^ * herbas quserere, col- 
ligere. 

BOTANY, herbaria (sc. ars, Plin.). 
BOTCH, tuber. Little botch, tubercu- 
Inm. Full of botches, tabero^aa. ||C2itB»- 
sy patch, &c^ paimus male assutus ; 
cicatrix; ritium. 

BOTCH, r., male sarcire or resarcire ; 
infabre or inscienter fecere ; corrumpere, 
deformare, turpare : tuberibus or ulceri- 
bu3 turpare (mar* with botches). To botch 
vp. inscienter facere, confingere ; emen- 
tiri. 

BOTH, ambo (both together) : uterque 
(both sereraily, one as well as the other) : 
duo (in such connections as duobus*ocu- 
Es, duabus manibus). On both sides, 
ntrimque ; utrobique. From both sides, 
utrimque. To both sides, places, utroque. 
Ci>nscience has great force on both sides, 
magna est vis cooscientise in utramqae 
partem. Many being killed on both sides, 
multis utrimque interfectis. They may 
be said both ways, utroqueTersiim dican- 
tur. He made one camp out of both, una 
castra fecit ex binis castris. Both (where 
two parties, or several on each side, are re- 
ferred to), utrique (plural). 

BOTH, conj. ; both — and, et— et, quoun 
— turn, turn — tum. 1 hate lost both my 
money and my labor, et pecuniam et ope- 
ram perdidL Both in time of peace and 
war, tum in pace, tum in bello. They kill 
both m«i and women alike, feminas pari- 
ter atque riros trucidant. Hare you lost 
both wit and goods > consilium simul cum 
re amisisti ? Both covetous and prodigal, 
Bordidus simul et sumtuosus. 

BOTHER, t-. [Vid. Tease.] To bother 
any body with questions, obtundere ali- 
quem rogitando. 

BOTTLE, lagena: ampoUa (large, big- 
bellied). Little bottle, laguncula, ^mpul- 
lula- To empty, drain the bottle, lagenam 
exsiccare. y Of hay, fasciculus or ma- 
nipulus foenL 

To BOTTLE trine, rinum diffundere, 
in lagenas infundere. 

BOTTOM, fundus [of a cask, the sea, 
&x.}. solum. \\Val,ey. plain, rallis, 
conrallis, planities. \\ Ground-work, 
fondamentum, fundamenta. The bottom 
of the sea, mare imum, fundus or ima 
(neuter plural) maris. The anchor Ands 
bottom, ancora subsistit, sidit. To drain 
a wine-jar to the bottom, cadum fsece tenus 
potare. The bottom of the ditch, solum 
fossip. To settle to the bottom, reaidgre, 
•ubsiderc. To go to the bottom (sink), 
mergi, sidSre, pessrmi ire. To send to 



BOUN 

the bottom, peseum dare, merKere, demer- 
g^re. The bottom of a ship, atreaa or ca- 
rina (navis). To search a thing to the bot- 
tom, accuratius, subtilius inrestigare ali- 
quid ; aliquid investigare et perscrutari ; 
lUiquid pertractare. To come to the bottom 
of a matter, aliquid perspicere. I see the 
bottom of him, eum penitus perspicio. / 
tlo not see upon what bottom it rests, ratio-, 
ncm quam habeat, non satis perspicio. 
He is at the bottom of this, ortum est hoc 
ab eo. To ocerturn, destroy from the bot- 
tom, funditus evertere ; a fundamencis 
disjicere ; funditus tollere. To place at 
the bottom, in imo ponere. From top to 
bottom, ab sununo ad imum. Sharpened 
at the bottom, ab imo prieacntus. He 
groans from the bottom of his heart, gemi- 
tum dat pectore ab imo. / am distressed 
er^n at the bottom of my heart, angor inti- 
TTiio sensibus. At the bottom of a mount- 
ain, sub radicibus nontls, in imis radid- 
bus montis. || Ship, navis, naviginm. 
II Fig., you are embarked on the saine bot- 
tom, in eadem es navi. || Clew, glomus. 
To wind yam into bottoms, lanam glome- 
rare in orbes. 

BOTTOM, r. To be bottomed upon a 
thing, niti aliqua re »r in aliqua re ; tene- 
ri, contineri aliqud re ; cerui, positum 
esse in aliqua re. 

BOTTOMLESS, fundo carens. Bot- 
tomless depth, immensa or inluuta altitu- 
do ; vorago. 

BOUGH, ramus, brachium arboria 
(arm). A small bough, ramulus, ramoa- 
culus. A leafy bough, ramus frondosusL 
A dry bough, ramale : pieces of dry 
boughs, ramea fir^menta, ramalia. Full 
of boughs, ramosus. Of boughs, rameus;. 
To spread into boughs, luxuriari, ramis 
diffundL 

BOUGIE, cerens (war light) : catheter 
(aradmjp, surgical in^rument for drawing 
off the water, CaL Aurel.). 

BOLTiCE. To bounce up or back, resi- 
lire, resultare. The hail bounces back 
from the top of the house, resilit grando a 
culmine tecti- The water bounces in the 
kettles, unda exsultat ahenis. To bounce 
into the air, in altum expelli. To bounce 
out, prosilire ; prorumpere, emmpere : 
in, irrumpere or irruere in, &e. My heart 
bounces, cor mihi rite salit il Make a 
noise, crepare. Bounces at the door, 
pulsare fores vehementer ; quatere fores. 
II Vapor, swagger, se jactare, insolen- 
ter gloriari || Bouncing, robustus, va- 
lidus, fortis. A bouncing girl, virgo va- 
lens, valida ; virago. 

BOUNCE, »., crepitus ; ictus, pulsus ; 
jactado (boasting) : minaa (threats). 

BOUND, llioundary, limit, finis, 
terminus, limes ; modus (due measure) : 
canceUi (fiarrier, properly and figuratice- 
ly). To fix the bounds, fines terminare, 
fines constituere. To fix bounds to some- 
thing (properly aitd figuratirely), termi- 
nos, modum ponere alicui rei. To set 
bounds to a thing (Jigitratirely), modiun 
facere alicui reL To go beyond the bou nds, 
fines transire (properly and figuratirely) : 
extra fines or cancellos egredi, modum 
excedere (Jguratively). ~To keep ont?t 
self within the bounds of modesty, fines 
verecimdiae non transire. To keep, force 
one within bounds, coercere, continere, 
constringere aliquem. To keep on^s self 
within bounds, se cohibere ; coercere 
cupiditatea. 

BOLTiD. [Vid.BoBDER.] \\Sttbounds 
to, terminis circumscribere ; terminos 
statuere alicui rei \\Confine, restrain, 
circumscribere. moderari, temperare, mo- 
dum facere (alictd rei), coercere, repri- 
mere. 

BOUND, \\ to spring, salire. Bound 
vp. exsilire, exsultare. To bound into the 
saddle, in equum iusilire. \\ Rebound, 
r^silire, resiiltare, repelli, repercuti, re- 
Mllere. 

•BOUNT). »„ saltus; exsultatio (a bound- 
ing up) : repercussus (rebound). 

BOUNT). To be bound any whither, ali- 
quo ire ; aliquo tendere. Whither art you 
bound? quo tendis? quo te agist quo 
coeitas or vis (sc. ire) ? 

BOUNDARY. [Vid. BotrfD.] The god 
of boundaries. Terminus : his fes^cal, 



BOX 

Terminalia, To drive in a pott to mark 
the boundary, palum terminalem figere. 
A boundary stone, lapis tenninaUs, termi- 
nus, saxum, limes in agro positus. Sol- 
diers stationed on the boundaries, milites 
limitanei 

BOUXDEX. A bounden isOy, o£Scium : 
debitum (duty as a moral obligation) : de- 
bitum officium. 

BOUNDLESS, interminatns, infinitus. 
immensus ; immoderatus, iounodicus (im- 
moderate) : inaariahilis 

BOUNDLESSLY, infinite, immoderate. 

BOL'NDLESSNESS, infinitas. immen- 
sitas : of time, nulla circumscriptio tem 
porum : of power, potentia infinita. 

BOUNTEOUS. Vid. Bor.VTiFCX. 

BOLTiTIFUL, larpis, Uberalis, benefi- 
cus, benignos, mnnificus. To be bountiful 
to one, lai^om. liberalem, bmeficum esse 
in aliquem. Bountiful of his money, lib- 
eralis pecunise. Vid. Gexebous. 

BOUNTIFULLY, large, liberaliter, be- 
nigne, munifice. 

BOUNTY, largitaa, Uberalitas, benefi- 
centia, beniguitas, munificentia. UPremt- 
« m, pra?mium, pretium. ^When a sol- 
dier enlists, suctorameDtom. 

BOUQUET (o/vt)u), anima amphors. 

BOUT. At one bout, simul (at the saau 
time) : uno impetu (with one effort, Cie.). 
A drinking bout, comissatio (a merry- 
making after a regular coena, wmh game*, 
dancing, strolling out into the street^ Secy. 
tS^ Compotatio, in Cicero, only at trmnt- 
lation of eviisdaiov : not used as a Romo» 
txprttsion by him or any other author. 

BDW, II to bend, flectere, infiectere; 
currare, incurrare. Bowed, infiexus, in- 
curvus : backward, recnrratus, recurvua, 
repandus. Ixra^ flecti, currari, incur- 
vescere. To bow, bow the head, se demit- 
tere, caput demittere : to bow to any body 
(as a mode of salutation). accUnis ealuto 
aliquem (.ilmoi.) ; salutare aliquem: down 
to the ground, aliquem adoro, veneror. 
To bow the knee, genua flectere (general- 
ly) : genua (fiexa) submittere (out of re- 
spect ; to one, alicui). Tft«y bow down un- 
der the weight, incurvantnr, ceduntque 
ponderu To bow to one (figur ati vely), 
submittere se alicui ; se alicujus poteatati 
permittere. Man must bow to the wOlof 
God, hominum vita jussis divinse leeiB 
obtemperat. To bow to the ground (crush, 
depress), frangere, deprimere, opprimere : 
on^s pride, superbiam alicujus retundere. 

BOW, <., corporis inclinatio : to make 
a bow to any body, acclinis saluto aliquem 
(Amob.), or only aliquem salutare. 

BOW, s., areas. Bow-string, nerrua. 
A erottiow, arcnbaOista, wiawTi^nTTjata A 
bonman, Sagittarius : erost-bow ntan, area 
ballistarins, manuballtstarios. A maker 
of bow*, arcuarius. tfithin bow-shot, intra 
ten jactum or conjectum : out of, extra, 
Sec To bend a bow, arcum intendere, 
addncere. To get his food by his bow, ex- 
pedire alimenta arcu. A rainbow, pluvius 
arcus ; also from context, areas. A bom- 
window, fenestra arcuata. Bow-legged, 
varus, valgus. || Of a stringed in- 
strument, plectrum. 

BOWELS, II intestines, intestina 
(general term) : viscera : exta (internal 
parts which are considered less rile : heart, 
Sic). Bowels of compassion, misericordia. 
It Fig., inner parts, viscera, interior*, 
intima: of the earth, of a mountain, viscera 
teme, montis. The evil is seated in the 
bouxls of the state, inlueret ""»lnn^ in vis- 
ceribus reipublic*. 

BOWER, umbraculum. 

BOWL, poculum, patera, phiala, scy 
phus : cratera or crater (for miring drinks 
in) : pelvis ; aqualis, aquae manale. || Of 
a fountain, labrum, crater. || Vid 
Basin. 

BOWL, jl/or rolling, globus. 

BOWL, TB., volvene: intb., *conv« 
globis petere, * globis or conis ludera. 
Bowling. * conoirum Insos. 

BOWS, II of a skip, prora, pars prior 
navis. 

BOWSPRIT, mahis proraUs. 

BOX, area (with a lock, low, and placed 
on the ground) : cista and (ttSl tmaOei^ 
capsa (both portahU. for raluabiet, bodts, 
fiitit, &c.) : armaiiuin (for things m co» 



B RA G 

ttnnt vse, books, clothes, &c. : it was higher 
than an area, had divisions, and was some- 
titn-ni placed against a wall) : scrinium 
(with divisions, or pigeon-holes, for letters, 
medicines, valuables) : pyxis {for drugs, 
&c., properly of box-wood, also of any wood, 
and even of metal) : arcula, capsula, cap- 
Bella, cistula, cistellula. An ointment box, 
narthecium. A lot box, eitula. Ballot box, 
cista, cistula. Dice box, phimus, fritiUus, 
orca. A strong box, area. Box to keep 
ornaments in, arcula ornamentorum, pyx- 
is : for rings, dactyliotheca. A clothes 
box, armarium. A box in a shop, nidus. 
A box in a chest, loculus. A box for 
plants, vas. A medicine box, narthecium. 
II A Christmas box {present), strena. || In 
a theatre, spectaculum altum. (Vid. 
Liv., i., 35.) 

BOX, v., concludere, includere, in arcd, 
cista ; sepire, obsepire. 

BOX, II a blow, alapa {in the face with 
the open hand)  colaphus {7cith the fist). 
To give one a box on the ear, alicui cola- 
phum ducere, impingere, infringere ; 
palma aliquem pereutere. To box one's 
ears soundly, aliquem pereutere cola- 
phis. 

BOX, r., \\ fight with the fists, pug- 
nis certare. A boxingmatch, pugillatio, 
pugillatus. A boxer, qui pugnis certat, 
pugil. 

BOX, II a tree, buxus. Box-wood, bux- 
um. Made of box-wood, hM^eMS. A flute 
of box-wood, tibia buxea, or simply buxus, 
buxum. Full of box., buxosus. A plate 
planted with box, buxetum. 

BOY, puer. A little boy, puerulus, p.usio 
{generally) : pupus, pupulus {in endear- 
ment). To become a boy again, repueras- 
cere. To leave boy's play, nuces relin- 
quere. He is past a boy, virilem togam 
sumsit, ex pueris or ex ephebis exce? sit. 
When I was a boy, me puero. || Vid. 
Child. 

BOYHOOD, EBtas puerilis, pueritia, anni 
pueriles or puerilitatis. In boyhood, in- 
eunte setate. From my, our boyhood, a 
puero, a pueris. 

BOYISH, puerilis. 

BOYISHLY, pueriUter. 

BOYISHNESS, puerilitas, mores puer- 
iles. 

BRACE, v., II bind, alligare, deligare. 
II Strain, tendere, intendere, conten- 
dere. 

BRACE, vinculum, copula. |] Band- 
age, ligamen, ligamentum, fascia; redi- 
miculum. || Tension, tensio {Hygin., 
Vitr., post-classical, rare) : tensura {post- 
classical, Hygin., Veget.). Mostly by cir- 
cumlocution with extcudere (e. g., funem) : 
intendere (e. g., chordas, arcum) : con- 
tendere (arcum, &c.) : intendere aliquid 
aliqu4 re (e. g., sellam loris). Braces un- 
der a bed, institse, quibus sponda culcitam 
fert {Petron.). || Of a ship, funis quo 
antenna vertitur ; rudens. ^Braces for 
breeches, * fasciee braccis sustinendis. 
II ^ pair, par: of pigeons, par colum- 
barum. They are found in braces, bini in- 
veniuntur. 

BRACELET, armUla, brachialc, spin- 
ther [vid. Armlet]. Wearing bracelets, 
armillatus. 

BRACK, ruptum, Bcissam ; rima ; viti- 
um. 

BRACKET {in typography), uncus, not 
uncinus, may be used as technical term ; or 
parenthesis nota or eignum {for double 
brackets). To inclose in brackets, *tmci8 
{not uncinis) includere. 

BRACKISH, Bubsalsus, amarus. To 
have a brackish taste, salsi or Bubsalsi sa- 
poris esse. 

BRAG, 80 jactare, insolcnter gloriari, 
gestire et se eft'erre insolentius; lingu4 
esse fortem; sublatius de se dicere; glori- 
osiua de se prcedicare ; glorift et praadica- 
tione se efferre : of any thing, gloriari ali- 
qud re, de or in aliqud re ; se jactare in 
aliqua re ; aliquid jactare, ostentare, von- 
ditare. He brags of his merits, de virtuti- 
bns suis prcedicat. In order to brag of 
their genius, &c., ingenii venditjmdi me- 
moriffique ostentandaj causii. Vain brag- 
ging, inanis jactantia. A bragging sol- 
dier, gloriosus miles. Bragging words, 
ingentia verba. 
70 



B B,AN 

BRAGGART, ? jactator.ostentator, 

BRAGGADOCIO, 3 venditator alicu- 
jus rei {one who is always bringing for- 
ward boastfully his real or supposed merits ; 
e. g., factorum) : homo vanus {empty, con- 
ceited fellow) : immodicus aestimator sui 
{who infinitely overrates himself) : homo 
vaniloquus : homo (miles) gloriosus : jac- 
tator rerum a se gestarum: fortis lingua. 

BRAGGING, jactatio, ostentatio, vendi- 
tatio ; venditatio quajdam et ostentatio 
I {all with alicujus rei, about any thing) : os- 
tentatio sui: jactantia sui {Tac.) : vana 
I de se prsedicatio : jactatio circulatoria. 
Grandiloquentia, magniloquentia {used by 
Cicero seldom, and in other meanings) are 
poetical. 

BRAID, texere, nectere, plectere {only 
in participle plexus). To braid a basket, 
fiscinam texere. To braid garlands of 
flowers, serta e floribus facere. To braid 
ivy into the hair, hedera religare crines. 
To braid the hair, comam in gradus for- 
mare or frangere, comere caput in gradus. 

BR.4ID, s., II of hair, gradus. A braid 
of flowers, flores texti or plexi. 

BRAIN, cerebrum. A little brain, cere- 
bellum. To beat out the brains, cerebrum 
extundere, elidere, dispercutere. || Fig., 
cerebrum, mens. His brain is turned, 
mente captus est, de or ex mente exiit, 
mente alien atus est. 7s not your brain 
turned? satin' sanus es ? To ply his 
brains, ingenii or mentis vires intendere. 

BRAIN, v., alicui cerebrum discutere, 
diminuere, dispercutere ; cerebrum ex- 
cipere, extrahere. 

BRAINISH, cerebrosus, phreneticus 
{iPpertriKos). 

BRAINLESS, demens, fatuus, stolidus, 
desipiens, vecors. He is a brainless fel- 
low, cerebrum non habet. 

BRAIN-PAN, calva, calvaria. 

BRAIN-SICK, mente captus, delirus, 
vecors, demens, desipiens. 

BRAKE {fern), filix. |1 Thorn, thick- 
et, dumetum, vepretura, senticetimi, spi- 
nctum. 11^ brake for hemp, *instru- 
mentum quo cannabis decorticatur. 
\\ Kneading-trough, magis. \\ Sharp 
bit, lupi, frenum lupatum, or lupatum 
only. 

BRAMBLE, || blackberry, raspber- 
ry, rubus. Bramble bushes, rubetum. 
II Thorns, dumi {bushes crowded togither 
so as to make a sort of wilderness) • sentcs 
{prickly bushes, thorn bushes) : vepres 
{combines both meanings; thorn bushes 
growing thickly together). Bramble brake, 
dumetum, &c. 

BRAN, furfur. Of bran, furfureus. 
Bran-like, furfuraceus. 

BRANCH, ramus {a bough from the 
trunk) : frons (leafy branch of a bough) : 
termes {branch broken off with its leaves 
and fruits). A dry branch, ramale. A 
vine branch, palmes, sarmentum. A little 
branch (bough), ramulus, ramusculus. 
II Sprig, surculus, sarmentum. To put 
forth branches [vid. Branch, v.] : ex.ce.<ss- 
ivcly, silvescere. To have branches, fron- 
dere. Fig., ramus (branch or collateral 
line of a stock) : familia (division of a 
gens) : pars (part). Branch of a river, 
brachium, pars ; caput (one of its mouths). 
Branch of the sea, sinus, eBStuarium. 
Branch of a mountain, ramus, hrnohium. 
The four branches into which morals divide 
themselves, quatuor partes honestatis. 

BRANCH, v., frondescere ; ramis dif- 
fundi ; luxuriari. A branching beech, 
patulafagus. \\Branch (divide itself ) 
into two parts, into several parts, 
in duas, plures partes dividi. To branch 
out a discourse, orationem in plures par- 
tes, in plurima capita distingucre. || To 
speak diffusely, latins, uberius dicere, 
disputare ; pluribus dicere. To branch 
out far, late se fundere. 

BRANCHLESS, fronde or ramis carens 
or nudatus. * 

BRANCHY, frondosus; ramosus.ram^ 
losus ; patulus. 

BRAND, ]\ fire-brand, titio (niddi, 
on or taken from the hearth, whtre it served 
for warmth, heat, liglU) : torris (torreo ; 
the burning brand from the hearth, espe- 
cially from a pile or altar, where it was con- 
suming a corpse, victim, &.c.). A burning 



B R AV 

brand, titio nriens, poetical, vi\ras (opposeM 
to exstinctus). || Mark of disgrace, 
literarum nota (inusta), stigma. Fig., to 
cast a brand of infamy upon one, macul^m 
or ignoniiniam or notam turj.ntudinis ali- 
cui inurere ; aliquem ignominia notare 
(of the censor). || For cattle, nota, sig- 
num. 

BRAND, V. To brand one, notam alicui 
inurere, stigma alicui inscribere, impo- 
nere. Fig. (vid. above, to cast a brand 
upon). Branded (properly), literarum 
notd or stigmatis nota inustus, stigmatias 
(-aj). Branded with crime, intamatus, in- 
famie, famosus : with cowardice, ignaviEB 
nota designatus. A branding -iron, cau- 
terium. 

BRANDISH, librare (hastam, to raise it 
in a horizontal direction, in order to hurl 
it with greater force and a surer aim) : 
vibrare (to brandish it backward and for- 
ward, or vp and down, in order to testify 
an eager desire for the combat) : coruscare 
(to make a weapon gleam) : rotare (to whirl 
it round and round) : quatere, quassare, 
crispare (to wave, shake, flourish). || Fig, 
to brandish syllogisms, conclusiimculaa 
vibrare. 

BRANDY, * vinum e frumento factum, 
* vinum frumento expressum. Pliny 
speaks of the spirituous liquors prepared 
by the I?idians from dates, &p., by the gen- 
eral term vinum. 

BRASS, ses, jeris, metallura ; orieb^- 
ctRn (properly a natural copper ore, and a 
kind of brass prepared from it). Brass ore, 
or brass stone, lapis serosus. Full of brass, 
aerosus. Covered with brass, seratus. To 
cover with brass, ssre inducere. Made of 
brass [\-id. Bhazbn]. A hrasspot, ahenum. 

BR.4SSY (containing brass), ajrosus. 
\\Hartl as brass, aenous, ajratus. ||/m» 
pudent. Vid. Brazen. 

BRAT, infans, infantulus (-a) ; pueru- 
lus, pusio, puellula ; iilius (-a), filiolus (-a). 
A beggar's brat, mendici filius. ff Aera you 
were a brat, te puerulo, puellula, infante. 
II Vid. Child. 

BRAVADO, inanes minse (Cic^ : (im- 
manis) terror verborum (Cic.) : verba 
minarum plena (Hor. : of threatening 
bravado). \\ Boast, jactatio, ostentatio, 
venditatio, &c. Vid. Bragging. 

BRAVE, II courageous, &c., animo- 
sus (opposed to t\rmdvLS, full of high spirit 
nnd'animal courage to brave danger fear- 
lessly) : fortis (opposed to ignavus, brave ; 
with moral courage to brave danger and 
endure hardships) : strenuus (opposed to 
ignavus, going resolutely and actively to 
work, and firm and persevering in carrying 
it through) : acer {opposed to lentus, spirit- 
ed, eager, fiery) : magn animus (of lofty, 
noble courage, self sacrificing), in. fortis 
et animosus ; animosus et fortis ; fortis 
atque strenuus; strenuus et fortis; acer 
et fortis. To be very brave, egregie fortem 
esse. A brave soldier, miles bonus, egre- 
gius. I'o show himself a brave man, se for- 
tem priEbere, preestare. A brave drinker, 
acer potor. \\ Splendid, fine, grand, 
magniticus, splendidus, pra^clarus, lautis- 
simus ; fomiosus, pulcher, spcciosus. 
\\ Excellent, noble, bonus, egregius, 
prieclarus, eximius. cxcellens, prwstans 
You are a brave fellow (to a slave), frugi 
es, frugi es homo. 'Tis a brave thing to 
die for one's country, dnlce et decorum 
est iiro patrii mori. 

BRAVE (defy), v., aliquem provocare ; 
contnmacem esse in aliquem or advorsus 
aliquid, conturaaciter spernere aliquid, 
contemnere aliquid. Since he braves me 
to it, quando eo me provocat. To brave 
all human laws, omnia jura humana con- 
temnere. To brave dangers, obviam ire 
se oft'erre pcriculis. 

BRAVELY, fortiter, animose, strenue, 
acriter ; bene, egregie, pulchre, prsBclare, 
eximie ; speciose, splcndide, laute. 

BRAVERY, \\ boldness: fortitude, 
fortis animus, virtus (virtus shows itself in 
energetic action, and acts on the offensive : 
fortitudo in energetic rc»istancc and un- 
shrinking endurance : like constantia) : 
acrimonia (fiery courage). To be of dis 
tinguished personal bravery, manu fortem 
or promtum esse. \\ Splendor, &c., 
splendor, omatus, coitus, &c. |j Boast- 



B RE A 

fKl show, jactuntia, ostcntatio, rendita- 
tio : ostcntatio sui : jactantia sui (Tac) : 
Tana lie e« prasdicatio : jactantia drcnlar- 
toria. 

BRAVO, s, sicarins. || Ituoj^ sophoe ! 
ease ! factum bene ! laudo ! 

BRAWL, v^ altercari, jurgare, risari. 
Braid rith one, jurgio contendere cum j 
■liquo, rixaii cum aliquo, rixa mihi est j 
cum rfiquo. Bratcl with each other, inter j 
ee altercari, inter ee risari, jurgiis certare 
inter 8e. | 

BRAWL, s^ altercatio, jurgium, risa, , 
lites (-ium). 

BRAWLER, homo jurgiosus; homo : 
rixosus or rixae cupidus, rixator ; (a i 
hratcilinir adrocate), rabula. •■ 

BRAWLING, jurgiosus, rixosus, rixse i 
cupidus; litigiosua. | 

BRAWX, II musclei, mnscnli, tori j 
{poetUcd) : partes corporis musculosae. | 
\\ Strength, nervi, lacerti, robur. Brawn j 
of the arm, lacerti, tori laoertorum (poet- j 
KtU). il Boar's flesh, apnigna caro, ' 
aprusna (wild) : verrina caro. i 

BRAWNY, musculosus, torosus, lacer- 
losus, robustus. [ 

BRAY, 11 pound pinsere. contundere. i 
|i^« an ass, rudere. \\ To cry out, ^ 
Tociferari, clamorem tollere, edere : {of ' 
a speaker) latrare. '■ 

BRAYING, tritura, contusio : V rudor; j 
• Tociferatio, clamor ; clangor. I 

BRAZE, v., »3 inducere alicni rei or 
aliquid a;re inducere ; (solder with brass) j 
lere fierruminare : harden, durare; fron- i 
tern aHcui perfricare. / am brazed to | 
shame, obduruit animus ad pudorem. ! 

BRAZEN, aheneus, aeneus, aureus ; ae- I 
nus or ahenns (poetical) : no., the Brazen , 
Age, aetas aenea. I| Proceeding from I 
brass. A brazen din, aereus eonitus. t 
HfioriJ, shameless. A brazen brow or 1 
face, OS impudens, durum or ferreum. I 
A brazenfaced feUow, homo perfrictae i 
frontii. j 

BRAZEN, r. Brazen it out, impuden- j 
ter or pertinacius aliquid assererare or , 
affirmare : impudentiam prse se ferre. j 
BRAZIER, faber aerariua, aerarius. 
BREACH, II of a fortification, 
munimentoruTn ruina^, jacentis muri rui- 
ns. To make a breach in the wail, tor- 
nientis machinisque (wiih cannon, &c.) \ 
perfiingere ac snbruere murum, muri i 
partem (ariete incusso) subruere. To | 
enter the dty by a breach, per apertom ! 
ruin& ita in urbem invadere or transcen- 
dere. To repair the breaches, muros quss- 
80S reficere. \\ Any opening caused \ 
by breaking, ruptum, scissum. To 
make a breach in a thing, aliquid frangere, | 
rumpere, dirumpere. \\Violation,vio- 
latio. Breach of a league, foederis viola- 
tio ; violatum or ruptum foedus. Breach 
of friendship, amicitis violatio ; amicitia 
Tiolata. To commit a breach of peace 
(make war), pacis fidem nmipere, pacem 
tnrbare. To consider it as a breach of the 
leaf lie, if, &c, pro rupto foedus habere, 
si, &c. fflihout a breach of duty, salvo 
officio. It is a breach of duty, contra offi- 
cium est. To commit a breach of duty, 
ab officio discedere or recedere ; officio 
suo deesse ; officium prietermittere, neg- 
ligere, deserere ; ab reliaione officii in ali- 
qui re decHnare. |i Falling out, dis- 
cordia, dissidium. It comes to a breach. 
Tea ad discordias dedocitur, discordia ori- 
tur. 

BREAD, panis. Common, exery-day 
bread, panis cibarius, plebeius. Coarse 
bread, panis secundus or secundarius. 
Pure, white bread, panis sUigineus. Light 
bread, panis tener. Light and white 
bread, panis molli siligine. Good, bad 
bread, panis bonus, malus. Hard bread, 
panis durus. Old, new bread, panis retus, 
recens. YesUrdatf's bread, panis hester- 
nufl. Leartned bread, panis fermentatus. 
Musty bread, panis mucidus. To eat 
something wish bread, aliquid cum pane, 
md panem edere. What is eaten with 
bread, opscuium. The making of bread, 
panificium. Want of bread, inopia fm- 
mentaria or rei ft'umentariie ; pennria 
frumenti or cibi Bread-basket, panarium, 
panariolum. Bread-market, forum pisto- 
*is<n>. IjfiG., support, sustenance. 



BEE A 

rictus, victus quotidianns ; res ad vitam 
necessarias. To seek his bread, Tictum 
quajrere, quaeritare. To earn his bread, 
parare ea, quae ad rictum snppeditant 
To earn his bread easily, facile quserere 
victum : by the sweat of his brow, * sudore 
ac labore rictum quaerere. He has his 
bread, habet unde vivat. To labor for 
one's daily bread, diumum victum qaae- 
rere ; diumo quaestu famem propulMre ; 
* quaestum quotidianum facere (quaestam 
quotidianum, Cic, Cat., 4, 8, 17). W«mt 
of on^s daily bread, inopia quaestds, in- 
opia qusestus et i)enuria alimentomm 
(Ter.). 7^0 labor far one's bread, victum 
quaerere. He worked for his daily bread, 
ei operd vita erat (Ter., Phorm., 2, 3, 16). 
To take the bread out of a man's mouth, 
depriee him of his bread, victu aliquem 
privare, rejicere aliquem ad famem. He 
hca hardly bread to eat, * vix habet, unde 
vitam toleret. 

BREADTH, latitudo. In breadth, in 
latitudinem ; latus. A ditch ten feet in 
breadth, fossa decem pedes bta. Breadth- 
wise, in latitudinem. || Magnitude, 
&C., maenitudo ; momentum, gravitas. 
Vid. Bkoad. 

BREAK, frangere, rumpere (frangere, 
to break to pieces what is hard ; rumpere, 
to rend to pieces what is fiexible : when iqt- 
plied to any thing hard, rompete implies 
exertion and danger: membrum rumpe- 
re, 03 frangere. Cat., ap. Prise, in break- 
ing a limb the rending of the JUsh being 
the thing seen, Dod.) : difiringere (to break 
asunder) : confringere (to break into small 
pieces) : disrumpere (to burst asunder 
what was originally entire) : divellere (to 
tear asunder what was at frst joined to- 
gether). To break the arm, hip. ic, fran- 
gere brachium, cosam. Sec. I will break 
his neck, frangam ejus cervicem. To 
break a man's head, diminuere caput or 
cerebnmi aUcui. To break at the end, 
praefiingere. To break small, conterere, 
comminuere, contundere. His misfor- 
tune breaks mjr heart, casu ejus frangor. 
To break a lance with one, cum aliquo 
in certamen descendere. Ixtb,, frangi, 
confringi ; rumpi, dirumpi ; scindi (to 
split). The waves break upon the rock, 
fluctus a saxo flranguntur, ductus frangit | 
scopulus. My heart breaks, dirumpor 
dolore. |1 Bring to yield, tame, sub- 
due, frangere, infringere ; vineere, doma- 
re. Break the obstinacy of a man, infrin- 
gere alicujus ferociam. Break a horse, 
equum domarc. Break a man's power, 
alicujus potentiam infringere, frangere 
aliquem. || The cold brea£s (lessens), iri- 
gus minuitur, frangitnr, se frangit (not 
rumpitur or se rurapit). The clouds 
break, nubes rumpnnt, rumpuntur (not 
ft^mgnnt, se frangunt, or franguntur). 
[Vidi "break up," below.] \l Weaken, 
crush. Sec, debUitare, infirmum redde- 
re ; minuere, imminuere, comminuere ; 
frangere, conficere, affligere. Broken in 
body and mind, confectus corpore et ani- 
mo. My strength is broken, vires me de- 
ficiunt, debOitor et fransor. / am broken, 
non sum, qualis eram. To break the power 
of the erumy, hjostitim vim pervertere. 
Our broken circumstances, res fractse, 
finctse opes. || To break off, violate, 
put an end to, frangere, rumpere. 
Break the silence, sflentium rumpere, si- 
lentii finem facere. To break his fast, ci- 
bnm capere, sumere : solvere jejunium ; 
(breakfast) jentare. To break sleep, som- 
num interrumpere. To break off an inti- 
macy gradually, amicitiam remissione 
tisds eluere, amicitiam dissuere. non des- 
cindere (Cic.). To break his word, lidem 
frangere, violare ; fidem prodere. To 
break laws, leges perrumpere, violare, a 
legibus discedere (rumpere, poetical). 
Break his oath, jusjurandum non servare, 
non conservare. Break friendship, ami- 
citiam violare, dissolvere. dirumpere. To 
break with one, ab amicitii alicujus se re- 
movere, amicitiam alicujus dimittere. 
II To make unconnected, frangere, in- 
terrumpere. Broken words, voces inter- 
ruptie. A broken voice, vox ft^cta. They 
break the ranks, ordines perrurbant The 
clouds break, nubes discutiunrur, sol inter 
nubea effolget. |] To break a man. 1 « , 



BBE A 

make him bankrupt, aliqaem evertere 
bonia or fortunis omnibus ; perdere ali- 
quem. To break, L e., became bankrupt, 
cedere foro, conturbare, corruere, cade- 
re, nanfr^gium omnium fortunarum fa- 
cere. II To break, i. e., disclose, aperi- 
re, patefacere, detegerc; (propose) pro- 
ponere. || To break, L e., refract, re- 
fringere. |j To break open itself (of a 
sore), rumpL || Appear gradually, 
aj^tere. Dety breaks, dies appetit ; lu- 
cescit, dilucescit, iUucescit || To break 
into tears, lacrimae prorumpnnt, emm- 
punt : into a laugh, in cachinnos or risus 
effundi, risum tollere. || To break a 
man's fall, aliquem (cadentem) excipe- 
re. WTobreak ground (plough), agnim 
proscindere. || To break wind (upward), 
ructare: (downward) pedere. || To break 
asunder, confringere, perfiinaere, fran 
gere, dirumpere. || To breeik down, de 
struere, demoliri, diruere ; intercidere, ia- 
terscindere (a bridge, pontem) : iNTa., 
corruere. collabi Fig, debilitare, infir- 
mare : minuere, comminuere ; frangere, 
affligere, pessum dare, perdere : intr., 
debUitarL Sec. ; in pejus mutari, pessum 
ire. 11 To break from, se abripere, eri- 
pere, abstrahere, avellere ; emmpere. 
To break from prison, vincula carceris 
rumpere. || To break in upon, inter- 
rumpere, turbare. To break into, irrum- 
pere, irruere : a house, domum perfrin- 
eere. To break the door in, januam ef- 
fringere. || To break off, defringere ; 
decerpere ; avellere : tstbl., frangi, prae- 
fiingi . fUncers, decerpere flores : the point 
of the spear, praefringere hastam. |1 FiG^ 
to break off friendship, amicitiam dirum- 
pere, discindere : a conversation, sermo- 
nem incidere. abrumpere. To break off 
in the midst of a speech, pnecidere (abso- 
lutely). But I break off, sed satis de hoc. 
To break e^ff from a thing, aliquid abpce- 
re, desistere re or de re. Here the road 
breaks off, hie via finem capit || To break 
open, effiringere, refiingere, moliri (e. g^ 
fores) ; resignare, solvere (Bteras, episto- 
1am) : Tsri-, rumpi, dehiscere ; scindi 
(of the skin) : recrudescere (of wounds, 
break open afresh) : (of flowers) utriculum 
rumpere, florem aperire. || Tn break 
out, erompere ; vinctila (carceris) rum- 
pere : fguratireiy, emmpere ; exarde»- 
cere. A war breaks out, bellum ingruit, 
exoritJir. IHseases break out amcmg the 
rowers, morbi ingruunt in remiges. To 
break out (with the mange, with boils, Sec), 
scabie, pustuHs, Sec, infici || To break 
through the wall of a house, parietem 
perfodere : the door, effringere fores : iks 
enemy, per medium hostium aciem per- 
rumpere. II To break up (into pieces), 
difiringere ; comminuere, conterere, con- 
ttmdere. To break up an army, militoS 
dimittere. To break up school, house. Sec, 

* scholam, femiliam, dimittere. To break 
up the cold frigus solvere, dissolvere, re- 
solvere. To Sreak up land, agrum occa- 
re ; agrom proscindere. / vill break up 
this habit of yours, adimam tibi banc con- 
saetndinem. To break up (dissolve it- 
self), solvi, dissolvt resolvi 

BREAK, s., ruptimi, scissum ; rima : 
(space) intervallum, spatium interjectum. 
11 Of day, prima lux ; diluculum. At 
break of day. ubi primum illuxit, prim4 
luce, primo diluculo (cum), diluculo. Be- 
fore daybreak, ante lucem : taking place 
then, antehicanus. From daybreak, a pii- 
vak luce. 

BRE.^KER, qui frangit, rumpit, &c. ; 
ruptor. 11 Bremkers, aestos maritimi in 
Ktore fervente«. 

BREAKFAST, jentaculnm. ^ To break- 
fast, jentare. 

BRE-AK- WATER, *molea portui ob- 
jecta ad flucrus maritimoa arcendos ; 

* moles fiuctibus opposita. 

BRE.'VM, sparus ; pagrus or phagrus. 

BRE.A.ST, pectus, diorax; pracordia 
(the cavity of the chest, with the heart and 
lungs) : iatus, latera (with reference to the 
state of the lungs). To receive wounds in 
the breast (i. e., in front), vulncra adversa 
accipere or adverse corpore excipere. 
A breast-wound, vulnuj pectoris. A p'lin 
in the breast, dolor pectoris, pra?cordio- 
rom. U The breasts, mammas (espt- 
71 



B H/ K £i 

:!iiUtf of hvman beings) : ubera, -urn (es- 
peclaUy of brutes). Under the left breast, 
infra Ibevam papillani. Having large 
breasts, mammosus. To put an infaiu to 
the breast, mammam infant! dare or prai- 
bere. A little breast, mammula : || {as 
the seat of feding, &c.) pectus, animus. 
The furies of the breast, domesticce furiae. 
But vid. also Bosom. 

BREAST, v., pectus opponerc alicui 
rei, alicui rei adverse pectore resisterp ; 
obniti. reluctari. Breast the waves, tlucti- 
bus (f jrti pectore) obniti. Breast advers- 
ity, fortia pectora adversis rebus oppo- 
nite (imper.). 

BREA8T-B0NE, os pectoris or pecto- 
rale. 
BREAST-PLATE, thorax. 
BREAST-WORK, pluteus ; lorica. 
BREATH, spiritus; anima (breath of 
life) : halitus from the mouth) : respira- 
tio. Short breath, spirandi or spiintus dif- 
ficultas, meatus auimie gravior ; anhelatio 
or anhelitus {panting). Stinking breath, 
anima fa?tida, os fcetidum, oris fcBtor, oris 
ar animte gravitas. At one breath, uno 
spiritu, sine respiratione : to drink, non 
respirare in hauriendo. To hold the 
breath, animara continere or comprimere. 
To fetch, draw breath, spirnre, spiritum or 
animam ducere, spiritum haurire. To 
stop the breath, animam or spiritum or 
spiritus viam intercludere [vid. Choke]. 
To take breath again, respirare {property 
and figuratively) : se colligere, ad se re- 
dire {properly and fguralwely). Out of 
breath, exanimatus. Tci put out of breath, 
exanimare. To be put out of breath with 
rtmning, cursu exanimari. To the last 
breath, usque ad extremum spirituin. A 
breath of air, aura. The breath of popular 
favor, aura popularis. 

BREATHE, v., spirare, respirare, ani- 
mam reciprocare, spiritum trahere et 
emittere, animam or spiritum ducere. 
To breathe freely, Hbere respirare. To 
breathe with difficult!/, tegre ducere spiri- 
tum ; auhelare {to pant). While J live 
and breathe, dum quidem spirare potero, 
dum anima spirabo med, dum anima est. 
A breathing, spiritus, spiratio, I'cspiratio. 
A breathing between, interspiratio. To 
breathe upon, afflare aliquem or alicuj, as- 
pirare ad aliquem. A breathing upon, 
afflatus. To breathe into, ins])irare. A 
breathing -hole, spiraculum. To breathe 
again (figuratively), respirare, se or ani- 
mum colligere or recipere, recreari : tb., 
spiritu ducere ; haurire. To breathe the 
common air, auram communem haurire. 
Air is fit to be breathed, aer spirabilis est. 
To breathe out, exspirare, exhalare : his 
last, animam efflare, exspirare. The flow- 
ers breathe fragrant scents, odorcs e llori- 
bus afflantur, flores exhalant odores. To 
be breathed upon by serpents, a serpenlibus 
afflari. To breat/te a lofty spirit into a 
man, alicui magnam mentem inspirare. 
Your face breathes lore, facies tua spirat 
amores. His works seem to breathe his 
spirit, ejiis mens videtur spirare in scrip- 
tis. li To breathe a little (in a speech), 
paulum intrrquiescere. A breathing, re- 
i^piratio ; quies. \\To exercise, exer- 
cere. |{ To breathe a vein, venam incide- 
re. II To breathe one's last, vid. to give up 
tlie Ghost. 

BREATHING [vid. above]. || A rough 
breathing, aspiratio: the sign of it, spiri- 
tus asper. Smooth breathing, spiritus le- 
nis. Vid. Aspirate. 

BREATHLESS, exanimatus, exanimis; 
mortuus. 

BRED. Vid. Beeed. 
BREECHES, braccie or bracee : wide 
ones, laxis braccaj : tight ones, braccte 
BtrictsB : wearing them, braccatus ; braccis 
indutus. 

BREED, gigncre, generare, creare, pro- 
creare ; parere : ferre, ett'erre, proferre 
{oj ike earth, nature). Where were you 
bred {born) 1 ubi natus es ? Fig., to breed 
imitators, imitatores creare. Crime is 
bred of vice, scelera ex vitiis manant. 
This will breed a quarrel, rixam hoc ex- 
citabit. Intr., nasci, gigni, crenri, gene- 
rari, procreari ; oriri: bring fortli,\m- 
rtre, partum edero, fetare, fetus edcre. 
y Bring up, nutrire, alere, educere, 
72 



B RID 

educare ; tollere, suscipere : {children 
physically and morally) educare, rarely 
educere. To breed cattle, pecus nutrire, 
alere, educare. Well-bred, bene doctus 
et educatiis, liberalibus disciplinis institu- 
tus : {genteel) urbanus. To be bred up in 
a thing, alicui rei innutriri : to a thing, 
ad aliquid educari, ad aliquid a puero in- 
stitui. 

BREED, «., genus; seminium. Dogs 
of noble breed, nobiles ad venandum ca- 
nes. In choosing the breed, in seminio 
legendo. A royal breed, regio sanguine 
orti. 

BREEDING, partio, generatio, procre- 
atio, genitura, partus, partura ; fetura. 
Good for breeding, fetura; habilis. To 
raise {animals) for breeding, submittere. 
II Educational training, educatio, 
disciplina; institutio ; cultus : mores. 
BREESE, oestrus ; asilus ; tabanus. 
BREEZE, aura. 

BREEZY, flatibus or auris permulsus. 
BRETHREN. Vid. Bkother. 
BREVIARY, epitome, summarium, bre- 
viarium {post- classical breviarium — 
olira, quum latine loqueremur, summa- 
rium vocabatur. Sen.). || Of the Rom- 
ish Church, * breviarium, *precatio- 
num liber. 

BREVITY. Vid. Briefness. 
BREW, potum or cerevisiam coquere. 
Fig., a storm is brewing, tempestas immi- 
net, impendet. Wars are brewing, bella 
tumescunt. || To plot, concoct, medi- 
tari ; in animo agitare ; comminisci, co- 
quere, eoncoquere. 
BREWER, coctor (cerevisiae). 
BREW-HOUSE, potaria officina. 
BRIAR. Vid. Brier. 
BRIBE, s., merces, prctium, donum, 
pecunia, largitio. To offer one a bribe, 
pecunia sollicitare or oppugnare aliquem. 
To take a bribe, pecuniam accipere, tidem 
pecunia mutare : never, adversam dona 
invictum animum gerere. To resist a 
bribe, largitioni resistere. 

BRIBE, v., corrumpere, with or without 
pecunid, mercede, pretio, donis, largitio- 
ne; pretio mercari, donis ad suam cau- 
sam perducere. To bribe the court, judi- 
cium or judices corrumpere. He that 
bribes, corruptor, largitor. A judge that 
may be bribed, judex venalis (pretio) : that 
can not be bribed, incorruptus, integer. 

BRIBERY, corruptela ; largitio ; ambi- 
tus {for an office). To be perverted by 
bribery, adulterari pecunia. 

BRICK, later, later coctus, testa. A 
little brick, laterculus. A brick wall, mu- 
rus coctilig, latericius. To make {form) 
bricks, lateres ducere, fingere : to burn 
them, lateres coquere. An unburned 
brick, later crudus. Brickwork, (opus) 
latericium. To lay bricks, opus laterici- 
um facere. A brick-layer, cajmentarius. 
A brick-kiln, fornax lateraria. A brick- 
maker, laterarius. Brick-dust, lateres in 
pulverem contriti, testa trita. 
BRICK, v., lateribus sternere. 
BRIDAL, nuptialis. Bridal attire, 
* mundus nuptialis. Bridal veil, tlamme- 
um. Bridal garment, *vesti3 nuptialis. 
In her bridal garment, candide vestita 
{Plant.) : \\ s., nuptial. 

BRIDE, nympha, nova nupta : not 
sponsa. Bride-man, pnranymphus {late). 
Bride-maid, paranympha {late). Bride- 
cake, mustaceus or -um, placenta nupti- 
alis. 

BRIDEGROOM, novus maritus {not 
sponsus). 

BRIDEWELL, pistrinum, ergastulum. 
BRIDGE, pons. A little bridge, pontic- 
ulus. A bridge on piles, pons sublicius : 
of boats, pons navalis, rates (et lintres) 
junctw. To throw a bridge over a river, 
pontcm flumini imponere or injicere, 
poiitem in tluvio or in tluraine facere, am- 
nem ponte jungere. To break down a 
bridge, pontcm rescindere, iritersrindere, 
intercidere, Interrumpere : partially, pon- 
tcm recldere : behind one, pontem inter- 
scindere a tergo. || Of the nose, or 
an instrument, jugum. 

BRIDLE, v., {properly) frenare, infre 
nare equum ; frenos equo injicere. A 
bridled horse, equus frenatus. || Fio., 
frenare, refrenare, cofircere, continfire, 



BRIG 

comprimere, repnmere. To bridle one's 
passions, refrenare, coercere or repri- 
mere cupiditates (libidines^ ; moderari 
cupiditatibus ; frangere cxipiditates. 

BRIDLE, frenum ; hahenai {reins). 
To let him have the bridle, habenas remit- 
tere, frenos dare {properly and figura- 
tively). You must bite the bridle, deco- 
quenda est tibi fmimi segritudo. 

BRIEF, brevis ; angustus, concisus, 
astrictus, pressus. Jn., contractus et 
astrictus. [Syn. in Short.] A brief 
narration, narratio brevis. To be brief 
{of a speaker), brevem {opposed to longum) 
esse ; brevitatem adhibere in aUqua re, 
brevitati servire. Time itself forces me to 
be brief, breviloquentem me tempus ip- 
Eum facit. Be brief with it, in pauca con- 
fer, verbo dicas, pra;cide ; id, si potes, 
verbo expedi. To be brief (make short), in 
brief, ut in pauca conferam ; ne longum 
faciam; ne longus sim; ut ad pauca re- 
deam ; ut paucis dicam ; ne multa ; ne 
plura ; quid multa? ad summam : ne lon- 
gum liat : ne (multi.s) te morer : de quo 
ne multa disseram : quid plura ? quid 
quajris 1 denique. This is the brief of the 
thing, hffic summa est. 
BRIEF, s, literaj ; diploma. 
BRIEFLY, breviter {shortly, general 
term) : paucis (sc. verbis), breviter {in, 
fezo v>oras) : strictim : carptim {but slight- 
ly, not at length ; opposed to copiose). 
Jn., breviter strictimque : prtecise {touch- 
ing the principal heads, with omissions ; 
opposed to plene et perfecte) : presse or 
pressius {iti a cennpressed form, but fully 
and sufficiently ; e. g., definire) : arte {or 
arete) : angustc (in small compass) : quasi 
pra;teriens {as if in passing). To speak 
or write briefly, breviter dicere, paucis di- 
cere, brevi prajcidere ; paucis or breviter 
scribere or perscribere. Briefly, but well, 
paucis quidem, sed bene. Briefly and 
conclusively, contorte. To touch briefly, 
aliquid leviter tangere, breviter or stric- 
tim attingere ; brew prscidere. To give 
briefly, paucis verbis reddere, exponere, 
comprehcr.dere. To state any thing brief- 
ly, * paucis verbis reddere, exprimere or 
comprehcndere aliquid. As briefly a$ 
possible, perquam breviter perstringere 
aliquid atque attingere. 
BRIEFNESS, I brevitas (dicendi) ; bre- 
BRf^VITY, > viloquentia (ns a <7«ai 
ity) . The expressive brevity of Thucydides, 
astricta brevitas Thucydidis. With aU 
possible brevity, quam brerissime. 

BRIER vepres, spina, dumus, sentis. 
[Syn. in Bramble.] A little brier, ve- 
precula. A place for briers growing, ve- 
pretiim, dumetum, spinetum, locus vepri- 
bus plenus. Dog-brier, sentis canis, cy- 
nosbatos, rubus caninua. Of briers, spi- 
nous. 
BRIERY, spinoEus. 
BRIGADE, catena; ala {of cavalry). 
BRIGADIER, ductor catcrv» or alffl. 
BRIGAND, latro. 

BRIGANTINE, celox {swift-sailer); na- 
vis piratica or pra^datoria {pirate). \\Coat 
of mail, lorica. 

BRIGHT, clarus {bright by nature : then 
also of what is clear to the understanding) : 
lucidus {shining with a bright, pure light : 
opposed to obscurus) : pellucidus {trans- 
parent; pellucid) : illustris {existing in 
light ; of a road, star, &c., Cic, Verr., 3, 
94, 219) : luminosus {having abundant 
light): nitidus, nitens {shining beauti- 
fully, with pttrt brighlncs.i) : splendidus 
(shining with dazzling, splendid bright- 
ness) : fulgcns (blazing with fiery bright- 
ness ; e. g., of a comet : opposed to 8ol 
nitidus): screnu.9 {calm and cloudless: 
of bright skies and weather) : perspicuus 
(transparent, of glass, &c. ; then evident). 
Bright eyes, oculi vegeti, micantes, clari, 
radiantes, ardentcs, &c. A fiery-bright 
comet, comt'tcs fulgens, ardens. A bright 
constelUition, clarum sidus. The sky he- 
comes bright, disserenascit : at dawn, lu- 
cescit, illucescit. \\ Make bright [viA. 
Brighten.] To be bright, clarum, illus- 
trem. Sic, esse : clarere, lucere, collu- 
cgre, nitere, splendere, micare, fulgere. 
To become bright, clarum, &c., fieri ; 
clareacere, nitescere, splendescere. Tht 
brass is bright with use, aera nitent usti 



BB.IN 

BHgit tUoft (Jig utatiw t l i^. dies httd, can- 
didi soles, iltlmttrioat, claniB,ap\ea- 
didos, iUnsona, ma^nificus, prodama. 
Bright ieedt, ma^nince res geste, facta 
qdeodida. A bngkt name, iHXnen iDos- 
tre. To be irigkt, splendeie, fU^re, ni- 
t§re, enitftre, ehicere. ^ Beautiful, vi- 
tidas, nitois. i Acute, ing^enious, acn- 
tos, perspicax, soUere, ingeniosos. Atmam 
of bright fans, bomo ingeniosos (et sol- 
lers), prasstanti ingenio pneditns. 

BRIGHTLY, clare, hicide, &c 

BRIGHTNESS, claritas (general term) : 
splendor, nitor (splendor denotes pomp, 
nitor onlv neatness, simple beatOg) : can- 
dor (of Ou Atf, sum, &X.) : fiilsor (Jiery 
brightness; e. g^ of a comeC). 'The Jertf 
brightness of the comet had orereome the 
milder brightness of the sun, steDa come- 
tes folgore sod solis nitarem Ticerat. 
The brightness (deanuss) of the akf, 
weather, aeienitae, seramm. Virtue has 
a brightness of fter own, Tirtas splendet 
per s& To late brightniess (of a thing), 
obstdeacere. Brightness of intellect, 
nines myitis, ingenii ; ingenii acumen. 
The brightness of glory, fiilsor dorue. 
\iTransparencf, peQuciditas. 

BRIGHTEN, sptendidamornitidom fa- 
cere aliqaid ; in eplendorem dare aiiqoid; 
nitorem indn^ire aUcoi rei. \\ Enlight- 
en, inmnniare, iUostrare. fi Polish, po- 
Kre. K Gladden, hilarare, exliilarare. 
To frr^iten a aiM «p, aHqaem eshilarare : 
the countenance, exfailarare niltam, fron- 
tem expGcare: lie mind, nnbila animi 
eerenare, ab animo caligineni difpeDere ; 
acnere meotem (sharpen), btm., illus- 
trari, ilfaiminari ; niteacere, splendescere: 
(of men) difitutU, hilareni ee &cere. The 
shf brightens, ccbH eerenitas redditor, na- 
bes discutiantnr, disserenascit His face 
brightens vp, fitms or rultus se espHcat. 

BRILLLiXT, splendidus ( properly and 
improperly) : splendent : f olgens : nitens : 
niddos [Srjc. m Bsight] : micans (glit- 
teringlf bright) : iQnstris : magnificns 
(improperly, the latter referring more to 
the real nature of the thing). The briUr 
iant passages in a poem, fmrmnttia^ jam 
(Quint) : brilliant achiasements, magnif- 
ioB res gestae: iacta qdendida (t). To 
gain a brilliant victory, magnifice vincere. 
A brUliaMt reputation, nomen iSnstre. 

BRILLIANT, s., * adamas qoadritis 
areolis. 

BRILLIANTLY, Eplendide : masnifice : 
nitide. 

BRIM, TPargo : ora (the former as a line, 
the latter as a space, espeaally of a border, 
an ornamental, or at least artijuial, edg- 
ing): labnim (properly "lip," the edge, 
6rm, Slc, ofsomaking hoUom). Brim of 
a cup, pocuH or» or labra. || Upper 
s u rfa c e, sn mvm is, Kith a subaantive. 

BRIMFUL, ad margjnes (oras, labra) 
plenus. 

BRIMSTONE, sulfur or sulphur. Of 
brtm^one, sulphureus. TuU of brimstone, 
solphurosus : saturated with it, Eolphura- 
tus. 

BRINDED, maculosi colons, maculo- 
SQS; albU macubs; vaiii or dispaiis co- 
lons, discolor. 

BRINE, aqua salsa. H For pichling, 
salsura, sakamentnm, maria : fgurative- 
ly, mare (s&Uum) ; lacrimai (salsae). 

BRING, ferre, afferre. asportare, addu- 
cere, perducere [Stx. in Caxbt] : adve- 
here (by a rducle or ship) : importare 
(bring into the country) : educere (lead 
out ; e. g., a horse) ; ducere (lead) : dedu- 
cere (bring on his way, esperiaUy for hon- 
or's sake) m locum, comitari (accompany). 
To bring (attend) one home, domnm aH- 
quemdeducere. Tobringonetoaperson 
that he may be taught by him, abquem de- 
dncere ad abqnem. Tobring an ogtring, 
sacra facere. Bring ^m horse, eqnnm ad- 
ducas. Bring me wMr for aqr hands, 
cedo aquam manibna. He brought his 
message, later, mandata, bteras pertnliL 
The south Kind brings rain, anst»' ap- 
portat imbres. To bring finom one place 
to another, deferre, deportare, dedncoe. 
To brinif reord, nuntiare : again, rennn- 
tsare. To bring a proposition before the 
people, rosatioDem or lesem ad popnhim 
feire: a thing before the senate, rem ad 



B RIN 

: senatum referre. To bring to light, pro- 
ferre in lucem. e tenebris emere. To 
bring upon the carpet, in medinm pro- 
ferre. To bring very many mitfoiuaus 
upon a man's house Or fiatHy, pterima 
mala in domum alien jus imerre. Tobrimg 
rrou^/e. mole^ tias ereare. ^Ihatebrougmt 
• the thing to that pass, that. Sec, eo rem 
: dednxi, rem hue dediud, nt, Sec, To 
I bring to eitremity, ad snmmam despera- 
! tionem or in summnm difcrimen addo- 
i cere aliqnem. To bring into doubt, in 
! dubium vocare, devocare, revocare. To 
I bring one to better thoughts, ad sanitatem 
I aliquem revocare. To bring to nothing, 
'■ pessum dare, ad nihihim or ad irritum re- 
digere. To bring to ruin, pessum dare, 
pCTdere, ad interitom rocane, praecipi- 
tare : to poverty, ad inopiam redigere : 
to remembrance, memoriam abcujus ret 
repet^v, revocare: to another's remem- 
brance, abcai abquid in memoriam rero- 
care or reducere: into subjection, in di- 
tUmem suam (or alicujus) redigere, di- 
tioni sn» subjicere : to an account, ad 
calcnlos Tocare: to pass, eflScere, perfi- 
cere, ad efiectum ducere : to an end, ab- 
solrere, perficere, ad tmem adducere, ad 
esitum perducere. || To bring (move, 
persuade) one to a thing, aUqnem ad 
abquid adducere or perducere: per^ua- 
dere abcni ut, &c. ; elicere (entice, coax) 
abquem ad abquid. I can not be brought 
to beliere this, uiduci non possum, ut cre- 
dam, hoc esse; addnci non possum, ut 
hoc sit. / can not bring myself to, &C., 
ab animo meo impetrare non possum, ut, 
Slc. ; non sustineo (with injinttire, or ac- 
cusatice and inJMtice). || To bring ; i. c 
to produce, yield, fisnre, efficere; ef- 
ferrcproferre. || Cause, afferre, parere, 
movcre. g Afford, prsebere, dare. To 
bring one honor, bonori esse abcuL To 
bring a great price, magno Tenire ; mag- 
ni pretii esse, fi Bring about, efficere, 
perficere, ad tSeettun peidncere, patraie. 
Iwillbrhig it about for you, hoc tibi effec- 
tnm reddam. I Bruig back, referre, re- 
ducere, reportare : word, renuntiare. To 
bring one back to duty, abquem ad bonam 
firngem rerocare. Ij Bring down, deferre, 
dediicere, derocare. ^Lessen, humble, 
break. Sec, minnere, imminuere, lerare, 
elevare, debilitare, attenuare, atterere, in- 
firmare, frangere, enervare, labefactare : 
completely, pessom dare, erertere. To 
bring down a U^ory to the present time, 
historiam ad nostra tempora dedncere. 
J^Bring forth (bear, produce), parere; 
feme, efferre, proferre ; movere, creare : 
(bring forward) proferre, producere. 
II Bring forward, proferre, producere ; 
in medium proferre ; =^propose, propo- 
nere, (legem) feme ; =:advance, augere, 
adangere, forere, attollere : witnesses, 
testes proferre: an argument, argumen- 
tum anerre. jj Bring in, inferre, impor- 
tare, inTebere ; ducere, introducere in, 
ic. ; (ctte) proferre, affeme: =tjitro- 
duce, exhibit, abquem loquentem or 
dispntantem indncere or feoere, perso- 
nam (a fictitious personage) introducere : 
■=.bring into currency or use, indu- 
cere, introducere, institnere : foreign usa- 
ges, peregrinoe litns asciscere. ^lYield, 
produce, ferre, efficere, reddere. The 
land brings in eightfold, ager effert or 
efficit cum octavo. The money which the 
mines bring in, pecunia que redit (pecu- 
niffi quas &cio) es metalbs. fl Bring off 
(save, clear), serrare, conservare, eri- 
pere (abcui rei <»- ex aliqud re), vindicare 
(re or ab re), retrabere (ab re), salvum 
prsestare,avertere(ababqu4re). '^ Bring 
o n, abquem in ausiUom or consilium to- 
care; aliquem eocium assumere or sibi 
adjungere: (produce, movere, commo- 
Tere, ciere, concitare, excitare. il Bring 
over to his own side, in partes suas du- 
cere or trabere. Bring o u t. in lucem 
proferre, protrahere; aperire, patefacere, 
detegere, numifestum facere ; arguere, 
coarguere, evincere. H Bring together, 
con^ortare, conferre, consefere, cogere, 
coIBgere, contrabere. || Bring under, 
armis subigere, ditioni sufe subjicere ; re- 
primere, coercere ; in officium redncere ; 
ad officium redire cogere. || Bring np 
educare [vid. Edccatb]. To bring tgt 



BfiON 

I the army, exercitnm adducov. The sol- 
^ diers who brought wp the rear, miUtea qui 
I agmen claadebant or cogebant 

BRINK, margo, labmm, ora. Stx. «k 
Bnix. 

BRINY, salsua. 

BRISK, Tegetus, -vigens, viridas, alacer, 
hilaris, Istn3,~ardai3, acer, impiaer, vehe- 
mens, ferridus. Brisk wines, vina rabda, 
ferrida. Tit be brish, vie6re. 

BRISKET of beef, 'pectus ciesi bo- 
Tis. 

BRISKLY, alacri animo, acriter, hilare, 
U^e, Tebementer, cum ri. The work goes 
on brishhf, ferret opus (Virg.). 

BRISKNESS, Tigor, ardor or terror 
animi, tis, alacrita^ hilaritas. 

BRISTLE, seta. His bridles rise, sets 
borreacunt. A boar's back with the bris- 
tles set vp, terga horrentia rigidis setis. 

BRISTLE, tiL, horrescere, horrere. se- 
tas oigere. The hair bristles upon his 
arms, bracUa horreacimt TiIIisL A phal- 
anx bristling wiA ^e&rs, i^ialanx hor- 
rens hastis. Brisking spears, bastae bor- 
rentes. 

BRISTLY, setosoa. fiLike bristles, 
hirsntus, borridus. 

BRITAIN. Britannia. 

BRITISH, Bntannicua. 

BRITON, Britannus. 

BRITTLE, fragibs (properly amdjiga. 
ratietly). cadncus (Jguratitely). 

BRITTLENESS, fragibtas. 

BROACH, veru. 

BROACH, r., H *pit, ▼em (veribiis) 
figere. || To broach a caA. dolium rdi- 
nere ((^ter the Roman way) • * (terebrd) 
d(Anin ^>eiire ; primum de doUo banrire. 
To broach the sacred fountains, sacros 
fontes aperire, redudere. To broach 
(disclose, reveal), aperire, in lucem 
proferre or protrahere, innstrare et exd- 
tare; in mlgus dare or edere, dirulgare. 
To broadk an error, erroris esse auctorem, 
paiwitpm. 

BROAD, il wide, latus. f] Spreading, 
patnlns. | Large, amplus, spatioisus, 
laxus, magnus. A ditch five feet broad, 
fossa qoinqne pedes lata. Tie plain is 
three mules broad, planities in lalitndinein 
tria millia paasoam patet To be two 
indtes broaaer than, duobus disitis exce- 
dere. To wax broad, in latitudinem dif- 
fundi. .4 broad-spreading beeeh, patnla 
fagus. The broad sea, mare apertum. 
To hate a bread eonseienee, parum rebgi- 
osomesse. .^ ftrood as loii^.qnadratns: 
figwratimtiy, it is as broad as long, eod^n 
redit : wtelier, Ac, nihil interest, ntrum,^ 
See. 'Broad grounds, causiB or rationes 
sraTissims. Broad-footed, patanqiea : 
broad^nattei, pectorosus : broad-slkaul- 
dered, latos ab famneris. Broad-leaved, 
latifolius, foKo latiorei Broadsword, ea- 
Ba. I Of pronunciation, latos, vas- 
tus. A broad wtterance, latitude xerbo- 
TVta. n pronounce letters broad, bteras 
dSatare. jj Clear, open, clams ; aper- 
tna, manifegtns. Till broad day, ad cla- 
rum diem, ad multnm diem. Broad 
s^j'm^ manifesta agna. || Circviistaa- 
tial, minute, latas, fniior. || Coarse, 
rastiens, 'vastus. H Free, loose, Ubor, 
Keens; procax, impodicus. 

BROADEN, dilatare ; laxare, ampbfi- 
caze, ampliare. 

BROADLY, late. &e. To speak broad- 
ly, voces distrabere : bteras dOatare. 

BROGUE, pera || Of speech, oris 
pen^riuitas, os barbornm. 

BROIL, contentio, jurgiom, riza, lites; 
tnrfoa, tumultus. Stx. ts Qcarbki- 

BROIL, r., torrere, snbasaare : en the 
gridiron, in craticnUl torr6re or subas- 
sare. Broiled meat, cibns in craticiitt 
sabaasatna. 7b broU on the coals, in 
pnmA torrere. The sun broiled the bod- 
ies of the Gauls, sol ingenti ardore turre- 
bat corpora Galloruin. I am broiling, 
torreor sestn, sstus me torret, sol me t<w- 
ret, sstuo. ardeo. 

BROKER, pararius (Sen.), proxeneta, 
intercessor, inteipres. A small broker 
(money-changer), nnmularins. 

BROKERAGE, proxenebcon, into^ 
pretimn. 

BRONZE, ses. Of bronze, a^nens, 
ereus ; ex sre factoa or espressos. A 

n 



B no v»' 

bronic, simulacrum ex are expressum, 
factum ; ei^num aeneum. 

BRONZE, v., aeneum colorem indu- 
cere alicui rei. 

BROOCH, gemma, omamcntum gem- 
mai-um. 

BROOD, v., incubare {with or »nthoiit 
ovis or ova). To be wont to brood, incu- 
bitare (e. g., in cellis). To brood (i. e., 
hatch young), pullos ex ovis excludere, 
pullos excludere, excludere. A brooding, 
incubatio, incubitus ; puUatio. To brood 
over (i. e., cover with the wings), fovere 
pennis. || Fig., night broods upon the 
sea, nox incubat ponto. He broods over 
his griefs, fovet suos dolores. TIlc miner 
broods upon his locked-yp store, a varus 
clausis thesauris inculjat. To brood over 
(devise, concoct, &c.), in animo agi- 
tare ; comminisci, moliri, machinari, co- 
quere, concoquerc. 

BROOD, s., fetura, fetus, suboles, pro- 
genies ; pulli, pullities. Doves liave eight 
broods a year, columbte octiea anno pullos 
educant. 

BROOK, rivus. Little brook. rivulu.s. 
A rushing brook, torrens. Of a brook, 
rivalis. Brook water, aqua rivalis. 

BROOK, v., ferre ; devorare (to swal- 
low ; 6. g., dolorem, molestiam, lacrimas). 
To brook irijustice patiently, injuriam a^quo 
animo recipere. He brooked the wrong si- 
lently, tacitus tulit injuriam. 2'o brook it 
ill, ajgre ferre. 

BROOM, genista, spartum. A broom- 
field, spartarium. Butcher's broom, rus- 
cus. II Besom, scopae. Broom-slick, sco- 
parum manubrium. 

BROTH, jus coctis carnibus: sorbirio 
(any thing that is sucked vp). Chicken 
broth, jus gallinaceum. Veal broth, jus 
agninum. Meat stewed in broth, cibus 
jurulentus. 

BROTHEL, lupanar, lustrum, fornix, 
stabulum. To frequent brothels, lustrari, 
lupanaria frequentare : a visitor of sw:h, 
lustre, scortator. 

BROTHER, fratcr (also affenionatcly 
toward a brother-in-law, a confederate, 
&c.) : full brother, i. e., of the same father 
and mother, or, at least, of the same father, 
frater germanus: of the same mother, fra- 
ter uterinus, frater una matre natua. 
Brother-in-law (husband's brother), levir, 
mariti frater : (wife's brother) uxoris fra- 
ter : (sister s husband) maritus sororis. 
Brother's U'fe, fratria, uxor fratris. Fos- 
ter-brother, quem eadem nutrix aluit, col- 
lactaneus. Children of brothers, fratres 
(sorores) patrueles. Brother and sister, 
fratres. Twin brothers, (fratres) gemini. 
A little brother, fraterculus. A war be- 
tween brothers, helium fraternum. A 
brother-killer, fratriclda (which is included 
in parricida). 

BROTHERHOOD, fratemitas, necessi- 
tudo fraterna, germanitaa (fraternal con- 
nection) : sodalitas, sodalitium (compan- 
ionship, &c.) : sodalitas, collegium, cor- 
pus (fraternity, association) : genus, na- 
fio (race, set). 

BROTHERLY, fratemus. Inabrothcr- 
ly manner, fraterne. 

BROW, II eye-brow, supcrcilium. 
II Forehead, frons. The bending or 
knitting of the brows, Buperciliorum con- 
tractio. To knit or wrinkle the brow, fron- 
tem contrahere, adducere, attrahcrc : to 
clear it, frontem romittere, exporrigere, 
explicare. A lofty brow, frons alta. A 
low, small brow, frons brevia. A severe 
brow, frons severa, triste supercilium. A 
haughty brow, grande supercilium, super- 
cilium. \\ Comiteiiance, face, vultus ; 
03. II The brow of a mountain, supercUi- 
um mentis, pummum jugum montia. 

BROW-BE.\T, (torvo or minaci) vultn 
aliquem teirero, pcrturbare ; aliquem im- 
pudenter or insoknter tractare ; in ali- 
quem insolentius se gercre ; aliquem lu- 
dibrio habere. Brow-beating, insolens, 
superbus : substantively, supercilium. 

BROWN, fuscus (dark brown) : sub- 
niger (blackish) • puUus (dirty brown, in- 
clining to black) : badius, apadix (chest- 
nut brown) : cervinua (stag-brown) : ful- 
TU9 (brown-yellow). 

BROWN, «., color fuscus, &c. 
BROWN, v., fuacare, infuscare. Brovm- 
74 



BUCK 

ed by the sun, adustioris coloria, solibus 
perustus. 

BROWNISH, Bubfuscus ; subrufus. 
BROWSE, depascere, tondere, atton- 
dere : intk., pasci, tenera virgulta ton- 
dere, sepem depascere, frondes, carpere, 
&c. 
BROWSE, s., tenera virgulta, frondes. 
BRUISE, contundere, collidere. elidere, 
terere, conterere. To bruise in a mortar, 
tundere, pinsere, contundere. To bruise 
to dust, in pulverem redigere, in pulverem 
conterere. To give a man a bruising, 
aliquem pugnis (fustibus) contundere, 
concidere. Bruised under a cruel yoke, 
crudeli dominatione oppressi. A bruised 
spirit, animus fractus, afflictus, dejectus. 
BRUISE, s., contusio ; coutusum ; ic- 
tus. 

BRUIT, v., (aliquid) in -vulgus edere: 
famam alicujus rei divulgare : dillerre 
aliquid rumoribus. It is bruited abroad, 
rumor, fama, or sermo est : sermo datur 
(Liv.). 

BRUIT, s., rumor : fama : sermo, (tc. 
[Vid. Report, s.] || Koise, ViD. 

BRUNETTE, virgo subfusca ; mulier 
subfuscula. 

BRUNT, impetus, incursio, incursus; 
coucursus, congressio [Svn. m Attack, 
s.]; vis. \\Blow, ictns; figuratively, fal- 
men, casus. To bear the brunt of the bat- 
tle, maximum proelii impetum sustincre. 
BRUNT of battle, (primus) pugna; im- 
petus. 

BRUSH, s., penicillus or peniculus : for 
coating a wall, penicillus tectorius : for 
clothes, peniculus or penicillus. A brush 
of bristles, seta, * scopaa setis facta3. 
II Assault, &c., impetus, inciu'sus; pug- 
na levis. 

BRUSH, v., verrere, everrere; (peni- 
cillo) tergere, detergere, extergere. He 
brushed away a tear, lacrimam detersit. 
The south wind brushes the clouds away, 
notus detergct nubila coelo. Brush off the 
dew, rorem excutere. To brush -up, pin- 
gere; omare,exornare; reficere. \\Sweep 
over, graze, verrere ; stringere, praj- 
stringere, destringere. || To brush by, 
praitervolare. 

BRUSH-WOOD, virgulta; aai-mcnta, 
cremium (Col.). A broom of brush-wood, 
Bcopffl virgea:;. 

BRUTAL, by the genitive, beluarum or 
pecudum. || Cruel, Sec, atrox, crude- 
lis, fcrus, inhumanus, immanis. A brutal 
fellow, homo inhumanissimus, monstrum 
homiuis. 

BRUTALITY, inhumanitas, immanitas, 
feritas, crudelitas. 

BRUTALIZE, inth., obbrutcscere ; 
efferari ; humanitatem suam abjicere : 
tk., brutum, inhumanum reddere. To 
be wholly brutalized, omnem humanitatem 
exuiase, abjecisse; obduruisse. 

BRUTE, adj., eensus expers, sensu ca- 
rens, brutus. || Bestial. A brute ani- 
mal, brutum animal. || Rough, fierce, 
&,c., durus, incultus, ferus, atrox, inhu- 
manus, immanis. 

BRUTE, s., brutum animal, bcstia, be- 
lua. SvN. in Animal. 

BRUTISH, generally beluarum or pe- 
cudum. This is brutish, hoc est belua- 
rum. In a brutish manner, beluarum 
more, pecudum ritu. Brutish lusts, be- 
luinsB voluptates. |1 Savage, &c., fcrus, 
immanis, inhumanus, durus, incultua, rua- 
ticus. II Lumpish, stolidus, fatuus, he- 
bes, stupidus. 

BUBBLE, s., bulla : a little one, bullula. 
II Fig., res vana or inanis, res leviseima, 
commentum, res ficta et commenticia, 
somnium. 

BUBBLE, 17., buUare, buUire. || Boil 
up, etfervescere. || 0/ brooks, &.c., 
Unitcr sonare, susurrare ; micare, salirc. 
II Gf a fountain, scaturire, eraicarc. 
A bubbUng, buUitua ; SBatua : of a fount- 
ain, scatebra. A bubbling fountain, sca- 
turigo. 

BUCK, mas, masculus, added to the 
name of the animal. \\Buck-goat, ca- 
per, hirciis. || Male deer, cervus mas, 
mas dama. Budcskin, pellis cervina : 
buck-rabbit, cuniculus. 

Bt;CKET, aitulus, situla, hydria, uma; 
modiolus (on a wheel for drawing water) : 



BUIL 

hama (for drawing and carrying, etpt 
daily afire-bucket). A little bucket, siteUa, 
umula. 

BUCKLE, fibula: of a shoe, fibula cal- 
cearia or calcei. 

BUCKLE, v., fibula aubnectere. || To 
buckle for the fight, se accingere ad pug- 
nam. To buckle to a thing, dare se alicui 
rei, se applicare ad aliquid, incumbere in 
or ad aliquid. To buckle with one, manos 
consorcre cum aliquo. 

BUCKLER, scutum (large), clipeus 
(smaller), parma; pelta (small, and of the 
shape of a half moon). A little buckler, 
scutulum ; parmula. 

BUCKTliORN, rhamnus catharticus 
(Linn.). 

BUCKWHEAT, polygonum fagopy- 
rum (Linn.). 

BUCOLIC. Vid. Pastoral. 

BUD, .«., gemma, germen, oculua (of 
trees): calyx (of fiowcrs ; a little bud, ca- 
lyculus). Fig., to nip in the bud, aliquid 
primo tempore opprimere et exstinguere. 

BUD, v., \\ put forth buds, gemmas 
agere, geinmare ; germinare; pullulare. 
To be ready to bud, get buds, gemmascere. 
Budded, gemmatus. A budding, gemma- 
tio or gemmatus ; germinalio. || Bud 
out, provenire, exsistere. \\Inoculate, 
arborem inoculare, arbori oculum inse- 
rere. || Bloom, floreseere, vigescere. 

BUDGE, v., loco or ex loco semovere ; 
loco cedere, cedere ; fugam capere, iu- 
gere ab or ex aUquo loco. 

BUDGE, adj., morosus, tristia, tetricus. 
austerus, severus. 

BUDGET, saccus, sacculus, pera, bal 
ga : figuratively, copia. 

BUFF, corium bubulum. pellis bubula. 
A buff coat, * lorica bubula. || Buff (in 
color), luteus. 

BUFFALO, bos buflfelus (Lhi.) : buba- 
lus is doubtful. 

BUFFET, II in the face with the 
palm, alapa. || With the fist, cola- 
phus. II Side-board, abacus. 

BUFFET, v., colaphos alicui impinge- 
re, alapas alicui ducere, aliquem pugnis 
contundere or ciedere. / buffet the waves, 
alterna brachia ducens fluctibus obnitor. 

BUFFOON, maccus (harlequin) : san- 
nio, coprea ; verua ; scurra (jester of a 
higher sort, as at the tables of the great). 
To play the buffoon, scurrari, scurram 

''buffoonery, Bcurrilitaa (Dial, de 
Or.), dicacitas scurrilis, vernilitas, joco- 
rum lascivia. 

BUG, cimex. || Beetle, scarabajus. 

BUGBEAR, formido. Fig., to be a mere 
bugbear, specie non re terribilem esse. 

BUGGY, cimicum plenus. 

BUGLE-HORN, cornu venatorium: 
cornu. 

BUILD, eedificare (houses, ships, towns, 
&c.) : strucre, construere, exstruere, mo- 
liri : condero (to found) : excitare, edu- 
cere (carry up, erect) : architectari (by 
rules of art) : facere. To build before, 
prajstrucre. To build to, astruere, adjun- 
gere aliquid alicui rei: aro« n rf, circvim 
atruere. To build up a place (cover it 
with buildings), locum coa-dificare, sedi- 
ficare, infediticare. To build on the sand, 
alicujua rei fundamonta tamquam in aqui 
ponere (Cic, De Fin., 2, 22, 72) : to build 
a row or rows of houses, domos continu- 
are : to build with freestone, saxo quadra- 
to construere : on another man's ground, 
a;dificium in alicno exstruere. A well- 
built man, perhaps homo forma honest^ 
et liberali. Bees build their cells, apes fin- 
gunt favoa. To build castles in the air, 
somnia sibi fingere (vid. Lucr., 1, 104) : 
to build any body out, alicujus luminibus 
obstruere or officere (i. e., place an obsta- 
cle before his windows) : to build a bridge 
over a river, pontcm in fluvio (or flumine) 
facere, in flumine%fflcere; amnem ponte 
jungere ; pontem flumini imponere or in- 
jicere : over a marsh, paludem pontibus 
consternere : to build ships, naves sedifi- 
care. Intr., fediticare, domum or -os 
fedilicare : (generally) to construct, 
construere, fingere, fabricare, facere. 
II To build upon (figuratively), fidere, con- 
tidcre alicui; confidere, nitor aliquft re. 

BUILDER, Kdificator ; conditor ; aich- 



BUND 

itectus. Fio^ edificator, fabricator, con- 
ditor, auctor. 

BUILDING (the act), Kdificatio, exaedi- 
ficatio, exstructio : the structure, aeditica- 
 tio, aiditiciuxn, opus. Littie building, 
aedificatiuncula (C*c). Building materi- 
al*, materia (wood for building) : tigna 
(beam*, &c.') : saxa (stonef &c.">. A pas- 
tion for building, "unmodicnm aeaifican- 
di studio m. 

BULB, bulbus. 

BULBOUS, bulbosua. Bulbous roots, 
* plantae tuberos». 

BULGE, rimaa agere, aquas hanrire ; 
eidere (siik). || To bulge out, procnr- 
rere, prominere. 

. BULK, amplimdo, magnitado ; moles 
(mass). To sell by the bulk (i e., without 
ezaa calculation or measurement), per 
aTersionem or aversione rendere (Jur.). 
II Compass, ambitus, spatium. The bulk 
of a ship, navis capacitas. || Ma in part, 
pars maxima, major numerus ; multitudo. 
II Projection, procursus, crepido : pro- 
jectura (Vitr.): projectum (Band.). 

BULKY, magnus, ingens. || Corpus 
lent, crassus, pinguis. \\ Heavy, gra- 
vis. II Solid, soUdus, deneus. 

BULL, taurus; dux gregis. 6fa bull, 
taureus, taurinus. A story of a cock and 
a bull, nutricularum fabula ; perhaps * nar- 
ratiuncula, cui nee caput nee pedes (after 
Cic, Dir., vii, 31, res, ita contractas, ut 
nee caput, nee pedes : = ita turbatas, ut 
nescias ubi incipias, ubi finias). || To 
make a bull, perhaps * pngnantia loquen- 
do risum audientibus moTere. \\ The 
bull in the zodiac Taurus. || The 
bull of the pope, *Uterae eigno pontifi- 
cis Romani impressae. 

BULL-DOG, *canM Molossus (Linn.). 

BULL'S-EYE. To hU the bulTseye, 
medium ferire. 

BULLOCK, juTencus. 

BULLET, glans plumbea, glans. 

BULLION, aurum or argentum rode, 
infectum. 

BULLY, »„ homo pugnax : lingn& for- 
tis (if a cowardly buUy. mostly Thraso in 
the old commentators): homo rixosus or 
rixas cupidns : homo jurgiosus (Gell., 
quarrelsome fellow) : rixator (Quint.). 

BULLY, v., Ilorerdear with mena- 
ces, Slc. minis ac terrore commovere : 
obstrepere alicui, obtundere aliquem or. 
wares alicui (h/ talking). Pomponius was 
bullied into swearing, &c, juravit hoc 
terrore coactus Pomponius. || To treat 
with savage cruelty, perhaps aspere 
tractare, injuriosius (Plaut.) tractare, sae- 
rire in aliquem solere. 

BULRUSH, juncus, scirpus. 

BULWARK, propugnaculum, plural 
munimenta, opera ; castellum. Fig., pro- 
pugnaculum, praisidium, defensor, &c. 

BU.M-B.ULIFF, * apparitor or viator 
magistratuum. 

BU.MP, tumor (general term for swell- 
ing; oculorum, crurum): tuber (protu- 
berating excrescence ; hunch, boil, properly 
a truffle). A little bump, tubercuium. 

BUMP, t:. TR., aliquid oaendere ad ali- 
quid (accidentally) : aliquid iUidere or im- 
pingere alicui rei (purposely). To bump 
my head against the door, caput ad fores 
offendere. To bump his head severely 
against the wall, caput parieti insenti im- 
petu impingere. Intr., offendere aUquid, 
lUidi or impinui alicui rei 

BU.MPER, calix planus. 

BUMPKIN, homo rusticus. 

BUNCH, tumor, tuber; struma (serof- 
iilous bunch, especially on the neck) : 
hnnch, gibba, gibber. A little bunch, 
tubercuium. || Cluster, racemi : of 
grapes, uva: of ivy-berries, corymbus. 
!| Bun die, fascis, fasciculus, manipulus : 
qf re'is. fascis calamorum. 

BU.SCH out, v., eminere, prominere, 
exst'r->: tumere, extumere. 

BUNDLE, fascis, fasciculus (as bound 
togeher, to be the mare easily carried : e. g., 
of wood, firav. lignonnn, stramentomm) : i 
manipulus. ta<;cicUiaa manualis (not too \ 
big to be carried by hand) : garcina, sar- i 
cinula (as burden). Bundle of rods, fas- I 
ci3 vir^arum. Bundle of Utters, fascicn- I 
fus epistolarum. To carry a bundle of 
books under hit arm, fasciculum Ubrorom 1 



BURN 

snb al& portare. In bundle*, fiwriatim or 
fasceatim; manipularim |j ^« a bur- 
den, sarcina, sarcinula. 

BUNDLE up, v., coUigere, componere, 
in fascicnlos coUigare, earcinnlas alligare. 

BUNG, obturamentum : of cork, cortex. 
To take out a bung, excutere obtoramen- 
tum. Bung -hole, os (doUi) : orificiom 
(late). 

BUNG up, v., OS dolii obturare. 

BUNGLE, t!. a., inscienter, imperite, 
infabre facere or conficere ; corruinpere ; 
deprarare : any thing, opus inscienter 
fecere or conficere. To bungle a song, 
disperdere carmen. \\ Bungling, in- 
sciens, imperitus; mains. A bungling 
business, opus inscienter factum. 

BUNGLER, homo imperitus ; homo in 
arte sud non satis versatus : " imperitus 
artifex (of an artist). 

BL'NGLENGLY, inscite, imperite, infa- 
bre, minus conunode, crasse, male. 

BUN, panis dulcior, placenta, crustu- 
lum. 

BUOY', index alicujus rei ad imnm 
maris positae or sites. 

BUOY' up, v., sostinere, sustentare, ful- 
cire. 

BUOY'ANCY', levitas; lularitas, alacri- 
tas, vigor. 

BUOY.-VNT, quod ab aqud sustineri fK)- 
test or sustinetar; levis. Fig., vegetus, 
hilaris, alacer. 

BUR, lappa. 

BURE.\U, armarium. 

BLTIDEN, s., onus (general term), sar- 
cina (what a man carries or may carry). 
To beai' a burden, onus ferre, sustinere. 
To take a burden upon on^s self, onus re- 
cipere, suscipere : to lay it down, onus 
deponere. To be a burden to one, alicui 
oneri esse, moleetum or gravem es^e ali- 
cui / will bear the burd^ of this odium, 
molem hujus invidiae sustinebo. A ship 
of burden, navis oneraria. Beast of bur- 
den, jumentum onerarium, jumentum ; 
jumentxim gareinarium (e. g., pack-horse). 
ll A ship of 300 tons burden, navis trecen- 
tarum amphorarum. Fig., load, press- 
ure, &c., onus, molestia, incommodum, 
cura. II Taxes, onera, munera. || The 
burden of the song, versus intercala- 
ris (Serv., Virg., Eel., 8, 21) : fig., this is 
erer the burden of his song, eandem canit 
cantHenam (Ter.). 

BURDEN, r., onerare, gravare; oneri 
esse alicui gravem or molestum esse ali- 
cui ; molestiam alicui afferre, molestia 
aliquem afficere. The body greatly bur- 
dens the mind, corpus praegravat animum. 
Burdened, oneratus ; gravatus ; gravis : 
onustus. To burden one with asking ob- 
tundere aliquem rogitando. 

BURDENSOilE, gravis, molesUis ; in- 
commodus, iniquos ; operosus, laborio- 
sas. To be burdensome [vid. BtTKUEX, v.] : 
to be more and more burdensome, ingra- 
vescere. 

BURGESS, civis, municeps ; senator, 
patronus. 

BURGL.Ail, perfossor (parietum) 
Plaut. : perfossor only (Appul.) : effrac- 
tarius (Sen., Ep., 68) : eflractor (Paul., 
Vlp., &x.). 

BURGLARY, eSractura (Paul, Dig.) : 
or circumlocution with domum perfrin- 
gere ; parietes perfodere (to commit burg- 
lary). 

BURIAL, sepultura, humatio : funus, 
exseqniffi. Burial-ground, sepulcretum, 
coemeterium. To refuse any body a bur- 
ial, aliq-uem sepultura prohibere, Vid. 

FX-TTEHAI.. 

BURLESQUE, jocosus, jocularis, ridic- 
ulus ; ad aliud quoddam idque ridiculum 
araumentum detorsus. 

BURLESQUE, v., ridiculum reddere, 
in joctmi or risum vertere : ad aliud quod- 
dam idque ridiculum argumentum detor- 
quere (to parody). 

BURLY, magni corporis, grandis, mag- 
nitudine insignis, vastus, ingens ; robus- 
tos. 

BURN, TR., absumere or consumere 
igni flammis, incendio ; urere ; incende- 
re. indammare (to set in flames) : combn- 
rere ; igni necare (of a bring person) : 
amburere (frunt round, half bum) : cre- 
mare, concremare (especially of the dead) : 



BUB,S 

adorere (to bum here and there , as bread, 
meat) : inurere (to bum in, brand). To 
bum any body alive, aliquem vivum com 
burere. || To hurt by burning (the 
hand, for instance), urere, adurere. ji To 
bite, sting, urere, pungere, mordere. 
II Pa re A, urers, torrere. \\Use for 
light, &.C., urere, in lumec urere or uti. 
y Of lime, bricks, &.C., coquere. Ixts>, 
deflagrare, conflagrare (flammis, incen- 
dio) ; flammis, incendio absumi consu- 
mi ; ardere, dagrare ; uri adnri, comburi, 
exori ; cremari, concremari He burned 
hi* father's house, domum patemam (la- 
res patrios) incendio absumsit The tem- 
ple of Diana was burned on that night, 
ed nocte templum Dianae deSagravit To 
bum incense, tura adolere. To bum to 
ashes, in cineres redigere : to coals, in 
carbones redigere. To burn ail (lay waste 
vitAjfre), onmiaignivastare. Sun-burned, 
sole adustns. To bum on^s self, uri, am- 
buri. Half-burned, semiusttis, semiustu- 
latns ; ambustos ; semicrematus. |i To 
glow like fire, ardgre, flagrare. |i To 
be hot to the touch, ardere, dagrare, 
candere. H To be inflammable, ig- 
nem concipere posse, y To be heated 
with desire or passion, ardere, in- 
censnm esse (e. g., cnpiditate, amore) ; 
flagrare, conflagrare, ajstuare (e. g^ in- 
vidia flagrare or sestuare ; invidiae incen- 
dio conflagrare). / bum to see you, incen- 
sns sum cupiditate te videndi 

BURN, s., ambustio, ustio. Green cori- 
ander heals burns, coriandrum viride sa- 
nat ambusta. 

BURNET, pimpineDa (Linn.). 

BURNING, s. Retire), ustio, exustio ; 
j crematio ; adustio : (passive) conflagratio, 
j deflagratio ; incendium, ignis, flamms ; 
i ardor. 

j BURNING, adj. \\ Hot, glowing, 

j candens. \\Ardent, passionate, ar- 

I dens, flagrans : lore, amoris incendium. 

II Biting, galling, urens, pungens, 

mordens. 

BURNING-GLASS, * vitrum cauati- 
cnm. 

BUHNISH, polire, expolire, levigare. 

BURROW, cuniculorum cubile. 

BURRO Wj stib terrd cuniculos facere 
(cunicoli [mtnes] dicti ab eo [i e., cunic- 
ulus, a rabbit], qnod sub terra cuniculos 
Ipsi faciant, ubi lateant in agris, Var., 3, 
12). Poetical expressions are, cubilia fo- 
dere: (effossis latebris) sub terrd larem 
fovere : sub terris ponere domos (all 
I'trg.). Animals that burrow, sxihxeTTaaeaL 

aniTnatift 

BURST, *., oruptia || Of thunder, 
fra^or : also by drtnimlocution with the 
teji. 

BLTIST, TB., rumpere, dinnnpere ; dis- 
plodere (e. g., vesicam) ; effi-ingere (e. g., 
claustra, fores). To burst through a thing, 
perrumpere per aliquid. Intr., mmpi, 
dirumpi; dissilire (fly into pieces) : dehis- 
cere, discedere (burst open, of the earth) : 
displodi cT?p::re (lo burst with a noise, 
ez^ode). I burst (with anger or vexation), 
rompor, dirompor, findor. 7 burst with 
laughing, risu dinimpor, lisu emorior. 
The thunder bursts, fit firagor. A cloud 
burst by lightning, nubes fulmine elisa. 
II To burst out or forth, erumpere ; ex- 
ardescere: erumx>ere must be used wttn 
cere : vox, sermo, risus, fiiror erumpit, 
burtt* out ; against any body, in aliquem : 
eilso trmtsitioely, eruii^>ere eaudium, to 
bunt forth with expressions of joy (Ter.) : 
erumpere diu coercitam iram, to Ut on^s 
long-suppressed anger burst forth (Cic.) ; 
but not erumpere in vocem, in risum, in 
furorem, in stomachum. To burst into a 
ft of laugh ing, tollere risum, cachinnum ; 
cachinnare (not cachinnari) ; in cachinnos 
or risus eflundi A war suddenly burst* 
out, belhun esoritnr, exardescit : beDI 
flamma exardescit (His) terath, hatred, 
bursts out, ira, odium exardescit Tears 
burst forth, lacrimae oboriuntur ; prorum- 
pnnt (better avoid erumpunt) : to burst 
open a door, januam effringere : a prison, 
vincnla carceris rumpere. The sun bursti 
forth, sol nubes perrnmpit ac dividit 
(Cic); sol inter nubes efliilget : to burst 
oM of the camp, ex castris ertmipere : to 
burst through the enemy, erumpere per 
75 



BUSY 

hostes (iic). Tears hurst forth, lacrimK 
erumpunt, prosiliunt : to burst into tears, 
in lacrimas eftundi. To burst from one's 
arms, e complexu alicujus se eripere. 

BURTHEN. Vid. Burden. 

BURY, sepelire (general term), humare 
{both, but especially sepelire, like ^diTTeiv, 
of any mode of disposing of a corpse : 
quod nunc communitxar in omnibus 
sepultia ponitur, ut humati dicantur, 
id erat proprium turn in iis, quos humus 
Injecta contegeret, Cic, Legg., 2, 22, 56) : 
humo tegere : terra, humo contegere 
'shury) : in sepulcro condere or condere 
only (poetical and post-Augustan tumu- 
lare, contumulare) : corpus alicujus tu- 
mulo inferre (Ter.) : funere efterre with 
or without foras (to carry out for burial)  
infodere (shuffle into the ground). To 
bury one alive, vivura aliqucm defodere : 
to be buried alive, vivum terra obrui To 
bury with military honors, militari honesto 
funere aliquem humare. || To put in 
the ground, infodere (in terram), defo- 
dere (in terram), obruere (terra). || To 
Overwhelm, obruere, opprimere : tobury 
in oblivion, oblivione obruere : to be bur- 
ied in oblivion, teterna oblivione obrQtum 
esse : to be buried in the ruins, ruind ali- 
cujus rei (domus, &c.) opprimi : in the 
waves, undis obrui, hauriri. |{ To hide, 
&.C., sepelire ; ponere (dismiss ; e. g., 
amorem) : obniere. Bury in oblivion, 
oblivione obniere. To bury one's self in 
one's country seat, rua se abdere. More 
■under Funeral. 

BUSH, frutex. || Of thorns, dumus, 
vepres, sentis. [Syn. in Bramble, Bri- 
er.] To go about tharbush, aliquid vita- 
bundum circumire (in Tac., alicujus no- 
men) : ambages agere. A bird in the 
hand is worth two in the bush, spem pretio 
non emo. Good wine needs no bush, lau- 
dat venales, qui vult extrudere, merces 
(Hor.). Proba merx facile emtorem re- 
perit ftametsi in abstruse sita est (Plaut., 
Pan., 1, 2, 128)] : bonum vinum pittacium 
or titulum nullum desiderat ; res ipsa lo- 
quitur. Bushes, bush-wood, virgulta, fni- 
teta. 

BUSH, c, spatiose fruticare. 

BUSHY, \\ thick, fruticosus, frutecto- 
Bus. II Of hair, horridus, hirsutus. 
II Covered with bushes, virgultis obsi- 
tua, frutectosus, fruticosus ; dumosus. A 
bushy place, fruticetum ; vepretum, &c. 

BUSINESS. Vid. Busy. 

BUSKIN, calceamentum, quod pedes 
Buris tenus tegit. || Tragic buskin, co- 
thurnus (also hunter's buskin). 

BUSKINED, cothurnatus. 

BUSS. Vid. Kiss. 

BUST, herma ; clipeus (in painting or 
relief on a shield-like surface). 

BUSTARD, tarda ; otis tarda (Linn.). 

BUSTLE, s., \\ hurry, festinatio : ni- 
mia or praspropera festinatio : trepidatio 
(anxious bustle). In a bustle, pra;propere 
(Liv.) : nimis festinanter : raptim : (as 
adj.) prasproperus, nimis festinans. To 
be in too great a bustle, in festinationibus 
nimias suscipere festinationcs. To be in 
a bustle, festinare. || Tumult, confu- 
sion, Vid. 

BUSTLE, v., festinare : in festinationi- 
bus nrmias suscipere celeritates : festi- 
nantius agere. A bustling life, vita actu- 
osa (Sen.). Vid. under Busy. 

BUSY, [\occ}ipied, engaged, occu- 
patus. Not busy, vacuus, otiosus. I am 
not busy, mihi vacat. To be bu.'.y with a 
thing, occupatum esse in aliqua re, inton- 
tum esse alicui rei. Bu.^y with inany 
things, distentua or obrutus plurimis oc- 
cupationibus ; negotiorum plenus. My 
thoughts are busy with him, sum cogito. 
\\ Active, stirring, sedulus, navus, in- 
dustrius, laboriosus, strenuus, acer, impi- 
ger. A busy life, vita ncgotiosa, actuosa 
(actuosua used by Cicero only as epithet to 
virtus, and of the part of an oration which 
ought to be the most animated, (fee. Seneca 
uses vita actuosa ; animua actuo.ous aTid 
agilis. Cicero would have said for the first, 
operosa, semper agcna aliquid et moli- 
ens ; for the second, qui viget, omnia mo- 
vet, et motu praiditua est sempiterno : 
activus is a post-classical, philosophical, 
vnd grammatical technical term, Krebs). 
76 



BUT 

II Meddling, importunus, molestua ; qui 
aliena negotia curat. \\ Anxious, solli- 
citus, auxius. 

BUSY, v., occupare, occupatum tenere, 
detinere. To busy one manifoldly, disti- 
nere, distringere (draw the mind this way 
and that, so that one can not bend his 
thouglUs to the thing in hand). To busy 
one's self with a thing, occupari aliqud re, 
versari in re or circa aliquid, se ponere 
in re ; tractare, agere aliquid ; dare se 
alicui rei : with all earnestness, urgere 
ahquid. To be busied with a thing [vid. 
Busy, above]. A busying one's self with 
the poets, pertractatio poetarum. To have 
the thoughts busied with a person, aliquem 
cogitare : with something else, alias res 
agere. 

BUSILY, sedulo,,naviter, strenue, acri- 
ter ; sollicite ; importune, moleste (in a 
troublesome manner). 

BUSINESS, occupatio (engagement) : 
opus (the work) : negotium ; mercatura, 
mercatio (traffic) : res (affair, concern) : 
officium (one's bounden business) : munus 
(office, post) : studium (eager application 
to something) : cura (care for something) : 
ministerium (service) : it is the busijiess 
(i. e., part) of one, est alicujus. For busi- 
ness' sake, negotii gratia. Full of busi- 
ness, negotiosus, negotiorum plenus, ne- 
gotiis implicatus : to be so, occupatissi- 
mum esse, multis negotiis (occupationi- 
bus) implicatum (distentum) esse. To 
do business, rem gerere (generally) : ne- 
gotiari (as a lender of money and buyer-up 
of corn) : mercaturam facere (as a large 
merchant). To divide the business between 
them (of two consuls, legates. Sic), officia 
inter se partiri. To make a business of 
something, factitare, exercerc aliquid. 
To do a good, bad business, bene, male 
rem gerere. To do a good deal of busi- 
ness, to have a good busi7iess (of a mer- 
chant), mercaturam facere non ignobilem. 
To be connected in business with any body, 
ratione cum aliquo conjunctum esse. / 
have a business to settle with you, mihi est 
res tecum. What business have you here ? 
quid tibi hie negotii est ? Hoto is it with 
the business ? quo loco res est ? ut res se 
habet? 'Tis my, your business, meum, 
tuum est This is not my business, hoc 
non meum est, hse non meae sunt partes. 
To mind his own business, suum negotium 
gerere ; res suas curare : others' business, 
aliena negotia curare. To make any thing 
one's (principal) business, aliquid sibi stu- 
dio habere (Ter.) ; omne studium con- 
ferre ad aliquid ; omni cogitatione et cura 
incumbere in aliquid ; onmi contentione 
elaborare, summal ope niti, or eniti et 
contendere (these three with ut). To find 
one business (figuratively), negotium ali- 
cui facessere ; aliquem exercerc. To the 
business in hand! ad rem ! (to a speaker 
who is keeping off from the real point at 
issue). This is the true biLSiness of our 
lives, ad hoc prajcipue nati sumus. / 
make it the business of my life to do good 
to others, id unum ago, ut quam plurimis 
bene faciain. This is the business of a 
life, hoc vitam omnem desiderat. He is 
the man to do your business, hunc ipsum 
requirebas. A man of business, homo ad 
res gerendas natus ; negotiis tractandis 
idoneus. 

BUSY-BODY, homo importimus, mo- 
lestus ; ardelio, homo occupatus in otio, 
gratis anhelans [vid. Phcedr., B. ii., 5]. 

BUT, at : Bed : verum or vero : autem 
(at has an adversative, sed a corrective or 
limiting force : verum or vero affirms the 
truth or importance of an assertion : nu- 
tem carries on a train of thought already 
begun ; it is the weakest adversative parti- 
cle.) It is to be observed that autcm and 
vero stand after one or more words, the 
rest at the beginning of the sentence. 
II But, on the other hand, at (especial- 
ly before personal names and pronouns) : 

BUT, at least ; BUT, AT ALL EVENTS, at, 

at certe or tamen. |1 But in objections 
anticipated ( = btU it may be said, or 
urged), at, at enim, at vero. || "True, 
but" (in concessions), at: at enim (^ie 
concession being followed by another con- 
sideration that must not be lost sight of). 
II But forsooth (in anticipating obj ee- 



BUT 
tions), at vero, at enim || But (in tlu 
minor premises of a syllogism), atqui : 
autem. || But behold or lo ! ecce au- 
tem • II Nay, but ; nay, but assuredly, 
enlmvero, verum enimvero. || But (when 
a subject is to be ended or suspended), sed, 
sometimes verum : bta enough for to-day, 
sed — in hunc diem hactenus. || I don't 
SAY . . . BUT, non modo — sed ; non dicam 
or non dico — sed ; ne dicam or nedum 
[Pract. Intr., ii., 506-508]. || Not only 
NOT — BUT even NOT, non modo — sed ne 
— quidem (when a verb, common to both 
clauses, is expressed in the second) : non 
modo non — sed ne — quidem. Such a 
man will not dare, not only to do, but even 
to think any thing that is not honorable, 
talis vir non modo facere, sed ne co- 
gitare quidem quidquam audebit, quod 
non honestum sit. || Not that — but (re- 
jecting one reason and affirming another), 
non quod— sed ; non eo quod — sed ; non 
quo — sed (the last bang not only permis- 
sible, but of more frequent occurrence than 
the other forms). || Not that — not — 
but, non quin — sed ; non quo non — sed 
[Pract. Intr., ii., 811]. || But yet, but 
however, at, attamen, verum tamen. 
II But IP, sin, sin autem, si vero : but if 
not, si non, el minus, si aliter. || Nor 
ONLY- — but also, npn modo — sed etiam 
or vemm etiam ; non solum— sed etiam 
[vid. Pract. Intr., ii., 504, 505], sometimes 
sed ct (even in Cicero) : non tantum — sed 
etiam. In non tantum— sed or vero eti- 
am, thc^e is n ever a descent from the greater 
to the less; and this form can not be used 
7chen neither the subject nor the predicate 
is common to both sentences. But, on the 
CONTRARY, at coutra, at enim vero. But 
RATHER, imo, imo vero, imo enimvero. 
II To be praised with a but, cum excepti- 
one laudari. Without an if or but, sine 
tiUa mora, baud cunctanter, libentissime. 
But is sometimes not expressed iri, Latin ; 
e. g., this is thy office, but not mine, hoc 
tuum est, non meum. 

BUT, in the sense of except, praeter ; 
praaterquam ; excepto (-4, -is) ; nisi. 7 
saw nobody but him, preeter ilium vidi 
neminem. No one is wise but the good 
nan, nemo sapiens est, nisi bonus. Notk- 
idg but, nihil aliud, nisi (that and nothing 
else) : nihil aliud quam (i. e., equivalent to 
that). This happens to none but a wise 
man, soli hoc contingit Bftpienti. I saw 
no one but you, te xmum vidi. Nothing 
could bring them into one united people 
but law, coalescere in populi unius cor- 
pus, nulla, re pra;terquam legibus, pote- 
rant. The last but one, proximus a post- 
rerao. There is nobody here but I, solua 
hie stim. What but ? quid aliud nisi or 
quam ? All but, tantum quod. 

BUT, in the sense of only, modo : tan- 
tum : solum (tantum properly confinet 
what was said to a certain magnitude ; 
modo to a certain measure or degree; 
solum to the thing itself, to the exclusion 
of others) : tantummodo, nonnisi. solus, 
unua. I saw but you, te unum vidi. / 
did but hear these things, not see them, hsac 
audivi tantum, non vidi. / will speak, do 
you but hear, loquar, modo audi. ]f but, 
dummodo ; dum (7cith subjunctive). Do 
but let him, sine modo. Do but stay, mane 
modo. But too often, saapius justo ; nlmi 
um ssepe. There were but two ways (two 
in all), ernnt omnino itinera duo. Yott 
have but the name of virtue in your mouth, 
nomen tantum virtutis usurpaa. He came 
but to-day, hodie primum venit But a 
while ago, non ita pridem, nuper admo- 
dum. He is but twenty years old. non am- 
plius viginti annos natus e.-^t. It wanted 
but little, that. &c., tantum non, &c.; non 
multum abfuit, quin, &c. 

BUT that (except that, if not), ni, nisi ; 
quod nisi. But that I fear my fathiT, ni 
mctu.-un patrem. And but that he was 
ashamed to confess, et nisi erubesceret fa- 
tcri. II After a negative, quin, qui non : 
ill this use we often drop that. H^^ Quin 
is hardly ever used where, if Oie relative 
and non were used, cujua non or cui non 
would stand : it sometimes stands for quo 
non after an expression of time. The sen- 
tence after quin must not contain another 
relative. No day almost, hut (that) he 



BUY 

to my lumie, dies fere nuliiu est, 
quin domuni meam veniat, or quo domQin 
meam noB veuiaL There is none but is 
afraid of mu, nemo est, qui te non me- 
tuat There is none but may complain, 
nemo est, quin conqueri pofsit. There is 
no doubt but itkaty, &c^ non est dubium, 
quin (viU tubptnctive). I kaoe no fear 
but I shaU wrue you letters enough, non 
Tereor, nu nou scribendo te espleaxn. 
A'<nie but (.L e , those who did not), nemo 
quin, nemo qui non. None but knoios, 
nemo est, qui nesciaL ii Not but that, non 
quin, non qtiia non. with a subjunctixie, 
foUctoed in the iubsegueiit clause by sed 
quod or sed quia with the indicative, or by 
Bed ut tcith tie sul^unctice. 

BUT, after can not. I can not but, 
&c^ facere non possum quin (sulpunc- 
tice), M- non possum non (with infinitive) : 
non possum quin is pra-classicaL It can 
not be, but, iic^ fieri non potest, nt non 
or quin, &c 

BUT FOB 0- e., «we it not for, had it 
not been for) some person or thing, nisi or 
ni aliquis or aliqiud esset, fuiss^; (abs- 
que aliquo or aliqud re esset is used by 
comic writers). The bridge would kaoe 
forded a way to the enemy, but for one 
man, Horatius Codes, pons iter hostibos 
dedit, ni unos Tir fui^t, H. C. (only in 
comedy should we find absque uno viro, 
Horatio Codite, esset.) / would, but for 
hurting him, veDem, ni foret ei damnum. 
BUTCHER, lanius, seldom lanio : ma- 
cellaiius (meat-seller). (iAt a sacrifice, 
popa («^ struck the beasi) : cultrarius 
(who cut his throat). Fig., homo sangui- 
narius. 

BUTCHER, v., properly, csedere, jugu- 
lare ; mactare (at a sacr{fice). Fig., tru- 
cidare, concidere ; obtruncare. 

BUTCHERLY, sanguinarios, sangni- 
nem sitiens. saevus, ferus. 

BUTCHERS-BROOM, ruscua. 
BUTCHERY, pig., caedes ; trucidatio. 
\Where beasts are butchered,\aineiiB. 
BUT-END, \\of a guri, manubrium. 
BUTLER, celiarius, promus, condns 
promus ; minister or ministrator (vini). 

BUTT, Scopus; goal: to aim at a butt, 
destinatum petere (Ue.): to hit a butt, 
* scopom ferire or ferire only (Hor.) 
y Point at which the endeavor is 
directed, propositum: is qui mihi est 
(fiiit, &c,. propositus exitus : finis. 
I^p'A'ot scopus in this meaning. \\ To 
make a butt of one, alique.^ ludibrio habe- 
re; putare sibi aliqnem pro ridiculo et 
delectamento. To be one's '•"tt, lu^'brio 
ease alicui. || Blow, ictus. 

BUTT, v., comu ferire, coma petere. 
I Of a ram, arietare in ahquem. But- 
ting, qui comu petit, petulcus. 
BUTT, II cask, dolium, labrum. 
BUTl'ER, butymm. To make butter, 
butyrum facere. Bread and butter, panis 
uutyro illitua. 
BUTTER, v., butyro illinere ahquid. 
BUTTERFLY, papUio. Fig, a mere 
butterfly in love, desultor amoiis. 

BUTTERY, cella promtoaria, promtu- 
arinm ; cella penaria (where provisions 
are laid up). 

BUTTOCKS, nates, clunes (of men or 
animals) : lumbi (loins). 

BUTTON, orbiculos (fiat), globnhis 
(globular). Button-hole, fissura. 
BUTTON, v., * globulis jungere. 
BUTTRESS, anteris, idis, /., erisma, 
n. (dtiTjif-s, iooi ; cfetaiia, aroS). 

BUXOM, obseqcens, obsequiosus, obe- 
diens. jl Gay, brisk, hUaris, alacer, lae- 
tus. !l f^on'on, joiiy, lascivus, proter- 
Tus. He. Vid. Waxton. 

BUY, emere (general term) : mercari 
(to buy as a formal transaction, mostly as 
the mercantUe condaaicn, of a bargain) : 
nedimere (things not properly articles of 
trade, but which the buyer might claim as 
his due, or ought to receive gratuitously ; 
05 peace, justice, lore. Slc, IMd.) : emer- 
cari (properly and figuratively) : nundi- 
nari (also to buy by a bribe). To buy at 
auction, emere in auctione : (of public 
revenues) redimere. To buy a bargain, 
bene or recte emere. To have a mind to 
buy, emturire. Fond of buying, emax : 
s love of buying, emaritaa, A buying. 



BY 

' emtio. To buy and sell, mercaii, merca- 
taram facere, nundinari. To buy up (buy 
'. together), coemere : (that others may tiot 
\ get it) prtemercari. To buy tf}> com (in 
j order to wtake it dear) comprimere fira- 
\ mentora. To buy of (bribe), cormmpe- 
I re : (clear by a bribe) pecunia a sappuao 
, liberare. To la himself be bought, peco- 
: niam accipere. 

I BUYER, emtor, emens ; manceps ; pro- 
I pola (who buys to sell again). A buyer 
i up or t/tgeiher, qoi aUquid coemit. A buy- 
] er up of com (to make it dearer), qui fm- 
mentumcomprimit; dardanarios (Band.). 
[ Brn/er and seller, emens et rendens. 
BUZZ, susurrane ; bombum facere (of 
bees) : murmurare. 
BUZZ, s., Eusurrus; bombua ; murmur. 
BY, of place (near, hard by), ad, apud, 
juxta, prope, propter, sub ; sub manum, 
ad Tnannni, pra3 manibus. The islands 
which are near by Sicily, insulae qns sunt 
propter SicUiam. To seatme's sdf by a 
person or thing, propter OTjaem or ah- 
quid considere. To hate gardens by tke 
Tiber, ad Tiberim habere hortos. A care 
is by, propter est spelonca qoaedam. Also 
by verbs ; e. g., to stand, sit by one, ahcui 
astare, assidere : to go by one's side, lateri 
aUcujus adha;rere ; iatus ahcujus tegere. 
y Present. To Ae ijr, adesse, coram ades- 
se. ^Ae»/aaiiy, M( iy, me praesente, 
coram me; me abeente. U^ton^, se- 
cundum ; praeter. To keep by the land (in 
sailing), oram, terrain legere. \\ Past, 
prsBter. To go by, praeterire (a place, 
iocum). Ii By sea and land, terra mari- 
que. They came by sea, naribus advecti 
snnt : by land, pediboa hoc iter fecerunt. 
II j^ tie way, in via, in itinere ; per viam ; 
in transit]], transiens, praeteriens (also 
figurativeiy) : quasi praeteriens (figura- 
tively) : obiter (figuratively). To touch by 
the way, in tranaita or leviter aliqnid at- 
tingere. |I ^ tie any of, per (tiuvugh), 
or with ike ablative of the name of a town ; 
, e. g., he went by Laodicea, Laodicea iter 
j fecit 

I BY, of time, in the sense of at. By 
I night, noctu, nocte. By day, die, inter- 
I diu. So, by moonlight, lucente luna. ad 
', lunam. ||.^s soon as, not later than, 
; intra ; ante. By the year's end, intra an- 
' num. By this time, jam. By the time 
] Rome had been buHt three kundred years, 
' trecentis annis post nrbem conditam ex- 
' actis. J^ that time I shall kave arrived, 
. jam adero. He was tkere by daybreak, 
I cum dihiculo adyenit By the time he 
 ended his ipeeek, oratione Tisdum finite 
j BY, inlying succession, is often 
I made by an adverb in -tim ; also by quoL 
j Year by year, month by month, day by day, 
I quot annis, qaot mensibus, quot diebus ; 
! or omnibus annis, &c. ilau by man, vi- 
I ritim. Town by town, village by village, 
I oppidatim, vicatim. Step by step, grada- 
I tim. By little and little, paullatim. To 
I fall at their feet one by one, ad omnium 
; pedes sigillatim accidere. By the pound, 
1 ad hbram. To pay one by the hour, cer- 
'. tam mercedem in sinsulas boras dare aU- 
j cui By oius, twos, &C., singuli, bini, &x. 
1 BY one'* se{f (L e., unassisted), per se ; 
j per se ipse; per se solus. || ^2one, so- 
los. II Apart, seorsum, separatim. By 
itself (in and for itself), per se : viewing 
the thing by itself, si rem ipsam spectas. 
I BY (denoting a means), by means of, 
per (especially of persons) : also by the aJy 
laiive of the thing or of the gerund : some- 
times the participle utens or usus with the 
ablative; also e, ex. To ask a thing of 
some one by letter, aliqnid ab aUquo per 
literas petere. To avenge one's wrongs 
by means of another, injurias suas per al- 
terum nlcisci. To nourish virtue by ac- 
tion, virtntem agendo alere. To know a 
man by his voice, ahquem ex voce asnos- 
cere. || Denoting a cause or its effect, 
per ; a, ab (especially with passire and 
neuter verbs) : propter ; (ahcujus) opera ; 
(ahcujus or ahcujus rei) beneficio. To be 
killed by any body, ab ahquo occidi. To 
perish by disease, perire a morbo. The 
world was created by God, mnndus a Deo 
creatus est. The slaves, by whom you lice, 
servi propter qaoa Tivis. The common 
people were stirrtd yp by tkem, etwnm 



CAB I 

operi pleba concitata est || By reason 
of, per, propter, ob. By reason ikat, prop- 
terea quod, propterea quia: also by the 
ablative of the thing ; e. g., this happened 
by your fault, Testri culpa hoc accidiL 
II To this may be referred sr, denoting the 
thing or part taken hold of, which is 
expressed by the ablative. To drag by the 
feet, pcxiibos trahere. 

BY, L e., according to, aecnndnm ; e, 
ex, de ; ad. By the course of the mutom, 
ad cnrsom lunas. By a wtodd, pattern, 
ad ^Sgiem, ad exemplnm. To judge m 
thing by the truth, ex veritate ahquid ibs- 
timare. /( is buUt by the authority ef tha 
senate, sdificator ex auctoritate senatds. 

BY, tn adjuration or in supplica- 
tion, per. 

BY, denoting excess or defect, is a- 
pressed by the ablatite. Shorter by one syl- 
lable, xm& syllabi brevior. Higher by ten 
feet, decern pediboa altior. By muck, 
multo. By far, k>nge. 

BY, tn some pkstiset. By t/ealtk, fiir- 
tim. By turns, in vicem, per vices, alter- 
nis. By chance, forte, casu. By heart, 
memoriter. By-and-by, jam, mox, bre- 
vi By-the-by, sed quod mihi in mentem 
venit : audi ! die, quaeso. 

BY-DESIGN, consihum altenim. Bt 
had this by-end, tkat. Sec, simul id seqoe- 
bator, nt; &c. 

BY-LAW, praescriptum minoris mo- 
mentL 

BY-STANDER, spectator. 

BY-WAY, trames. semita, callis; dever- 
ticulum (fkat turns of from a greater, 
eUso figurativdy). 

BY- WORD, proverbium ; verbum. To 
beeowte a by-word, in proverbimn venire 
or cedere ; proverbiis eludi (be ridiculed 
in proverbs). Vid. Provekb. 



c. 



CABAL, «., Qa« intriguing body, 
doh or fallaciamm machinatorea 
[rid. CABAT.T.mtl : or by circumlocution, 
qui consilia clandestina (in ahqnem) con- 
coqnunt. Ii Political intrigue, ars, 
artificiaiii (artifice) : fallacia (deceit, in- 
trigue) : belter in plural, artes (malae) : 
&llacis (cabals, intrigues) : consilia clan 
destina (Uddtn designs) : calumniae (ma- 
licious slander, false accusation). 

CABAL, r„ fahacias facere, fingere , 
consilia clandestina concoquere ; dare 
operam consiliis clandestlnis, with nt (to 
endeavor to ^ect by cabals) : likewise ca- 
lunmias &cei« ; molta macbinari : to ca- 
bal against any body, fdlaciam in ahquem 
intendere ; consiliis clandestinis oppog- 
nare ahquem ; ahctu dolum nectere. 
Vid. Cabai.. 

CABALA, * cabbala ; * arcane Ileore- 
orom doctrina. 

CABAUST, *cabbahsta. 

CABALISTIC, * cabbahsticos : ady., 
* cabbalistice. 

CABALLER, doh or fdlaciamm mach 
inator (vid. Tac, Ann., 1, 10, 2). 

CABBAGE, brassica (the proper word) : 
ohis (any kitchen-kerb, of whiek brassica 
is a spedes; vid. Cata, R. IL, 176, in.: 
brassica est, qua; omnibus oleribos antis- 
tat) ; caolis (properly, the stalk ,- poetical- 
ly, the cabbage itself) : crambe (accord- 
ing to PUn., 23, 9, 33, a sort of cabbage 
with thin and compact leaves, known to th» 
Greeks, in Latin only proverbially ; e. g., 
crambe repetita. cabbage warmed upagam, 
any thing stale by repetition)-, head of cab- 
bage, caput brassicae : cabbage leaf, bras- 
sice fohum: cabbage plant, planta bra»- 
sicae. 

CABBAGE, r., subdncere furto: snr- 
ripere. Vid. to Filch. 

CABIN, II in a skip diaeta (Petron., 
115, 1). iiHut, casnla: tuguriohnn. 
II 5a>U room, ceQnla. 

CABINET, II a private room, con- 
clave : cubiculum minus (a small room 
adjoining a large one) : zotheca (a small 
room bdonging to the principal one, for 
reposing, studying): cnbicolom secrctius 
(a private room : e. g., cfa prince) : sanc- 
taaritua or conai^orinin principis (»6i- 
77 



C A G 

net of d prince, Plin., 23. 8, 77; Ammian., 
25, iO). il Meton. for government 
[vi(i. Administration', and " cabinet viin- 
istir," below] : to hold a cabinet council, 
secreta consilia agitare : to peep into the 
cabinet, priiicipura secreta rimari (Tac, 
Ann., 6, 33) : equally great in the field and 
in the cabinet, rei militaris peritus, neque 
minus civitatis regunda? ; fortis ac strenu- 
us, pace belloque bonus : a cabinet min- 
ister, comes consistorianus {in the time of 
'.he emperors) : or by circumlocution, prin- 
ceps amicorum regis, quocuni secreta 
consilia agitare solet (JJv., 35, 15) ; ami- 
cus regis omnium consiliorura particeps ; 
amicus regis, qui in consilio semper adest 
et omnium rerum habetur particeps {aft- 
er Nep., Eiim., 1, 5, and 6) : cabinet coun- 
selor, qui principi est a consiliis interiori- 
bus (after Nep., Hann., 2, 2) ; consilia in- 
teriora or domesrica {the assembly) : cabi- 
net secretary, quern princeps ad manum 
habet scribaj loco (vid. Nep., Eum., 1, 5) : 
also gcriba principis: cabinet seal, signum 
principis {after Suet, Oct., 94, p. med.). 
II A repository for valuables or 
cariosities, thesaurus; horreum : for 
coins, *numotheca: a cabinet for china, 
* collectio Sinensi artificio factorum opo- 
rum ; * copia operum Sinensis artis. 

CABlNKT-MAKER,intestinariu3 (* Co- 
dex Theod., 13, 4, 2, in so far as he makes 
objects of art) : lignarius (sc. faber) : scri- 
niorum or capsukirum opil'ex {any one 
who works in wood, joiner or carpenter). 

CABINET SEAL, signum principis 
{Suet.). 

CABLE, funis ancorarius ; ancorale : 
ora {by which a ship is fastened to the 
shore) : remulcus {towing-cable) : rudens 
{any rope, especially belonging to the yards 
and sails) : to cut the cables, aucoralia in- 
cidere ; ancoras pra^cidere. 
CABRIOLET, cisium. 
CACHINNATION, cachinnus [vid. 
Laughter: loud and screaming laugh- 
ter ; as condition] : cachinnatio {Cic, 
Tusc., 4, 31, 66 ; as action). Vid. Laugh, s. 
CACK.LE, v., strepere {properly of 
geese, &c. ; applied also to men) : gracil- 
lare {of chickens, Auct. Carm. de Philom., 
25) : gingrire, strepere {of geese, to cackle, 
Fest., and Virg., Eel., 9, 36) : clangere 
{of geese) : tetrinnire {of ducks, Auct. 
Carm. de Philom^. 

CACKLING, strepitus {of geese and 
men) : voces anserum (loud cackling ; 
vid. Tac., Germ., 10, 3) : to raise a loud 
cackling, vociferari {Col., 8, 13, 2) : clan- 
gor {of geese and chickens) : gingritus (of 
geese: late). 

CADAVEROUS, |1 looking like a 
corpse, cadaverosus. 
CADE, cadus. Vid. Cask. 
CADE, cicur {tame by nature ; of ani- 
mals : opposed to ferus, immanis) : man- 
suetus {used to the hand, domestic, tame ; 
of beasts and men : opposed to lerus) : do- 
mitus {tamed, subdued ; of wild beasts and 
savage nations : opposed to ferus) : placl- 
dus {of gentle disposition, peaceably in- 
clined; of men and beasts: ojyposcd to fe- 
rus) : mitis {meek, yielding : opposed to 
immanis). 

CADE, v., niansuefaccre : mansuetum 
faccre or reddere {to accustom to the hand, 
to render domestic or sociable; e. g., the 
people, plebijm). Vid. Tame, v. 

C-VDENCE, Win music, intervallum: 
tmmpTwe {in speech). \\A harmonious 
conclusion, qiufidam ad numerum con- 
clu^io. Having {or with) a good cadence, 
numcrosus ; numerose cadens ; numeroso 
cadero {all of speech). To close periods 
with a good cadence, numeris sentcntias 
clauilere. 

CAOET, II a younger brother, fra- 
ter natu minor. || In a military sense, 
* puer ad militiam publice inibrmandus : 
tiro nc'.iiils is innpplirable. 

CADGER, coemtor {one who buys up) : 
propola (one who bm/s to sell again) : 
caupo {07ic who retails the necessaries of 
life). 

CJEBTUS, Cfpstus. Zo fight with ens- 
tuses, pugilare {the boxer with them was pu- 
gil, pycta [TVKTrji] : the act, pugiUims). 

CAG, doliolum : scria {oblong crsk). 
Vid. Cask. 
78 



C A L C 

CAGE, II an, inclosure, cavea (both 
for birds and wild beasts) : claustrum 
{for wild beasts). \\Any kind of fence 
for the same p\.rpose, sepes : sepi- 
mentum : septum {an- inclosed place ; 
e. g.,for hunting, venationis) : vivarium: 
li'porarium {different appellations for the 
same thing ; vid. Gell, 2, 20). || A pris- 
on, career : custodia {properly, the guard- 
ing of any body ; also the place itself) : 
vincula, plural {chains or fetters ; also the 
place). 

CAGE, v.. in caveam includere. || Ani- 
mals for pleasure, bestias includere delec- 
tationis causal. || Imprison, includere 
in carcerem : aliquem in custodiam dare ; 
in carcerem condere or conjicere. Vid. 
Imprison. 

CAIRN, acervus lapidum : lapides in 
unum locum congest!. 

CAITIFF, scelestus, scelus : scelus viri. 
CAJOLE, blandiri alicui {with words 
and gestures) L (manu) permulcere ali- 
quem {to stroWncith the hand) : amplexa- 
ri etosculari aliquem {to embrace and kiss 
any body) : assentari alicui {to humor any 
body ; yield to him in every th ing) : adu- 
lari {flatter basely) : blanditiis delenire 
aliquem ■: r.ommodis verbis persuadere 
alicui. 

CAJOLER, assentator (who yields to 
any body in every thing) : adulator (base 
flatterer) : homo blandus (flattering by 
sweet words). 

CAJOLERY, blanditiae (insinuating 
words, caresses) : blanditiae et assentatio- 
nea (Cic.) : blandimentum (caressing 
means by which one endeavors to win over 
any body) : adulatio (base flattery). 

CAKE, s., placenta : libum (the flat cake 
of honey, meal, &c. ; a sacrificial and also 
birth-day cake) : massa : pondus (a mass 
of any thing in general). 

CAKE, v.. TR., with any thing, ali- 
quid alicui rei concoquore. Intr., con- 
crescere (congeal, stick together, &c.) : in 
massam concrescere : indurescere. 

CALAMINE, cadmia, the different sorts 
of which were : botryitis ; placitis ; ostra- 
citis [vid. Lot. Lex.]. 

CALAMITOUS, miser (pitiable, in bad 
circumstances) : infelix (unfortunate) : 
calamitosus (beset, oppressed with griif; 
beset with dangers, &r.) : tristis (afflict- 
ing) : luctuosus (doleful) : gravis (heavy, 
distressing). \\ Calamitous times, gra- 
via or iniqua. 

CALAMITY, calamitas (misery occa- 
sioned by great damage and loss, also by 
war) : miseria (misery : Ojtjmscd to happi- 
ness) : res miserffi or afflictae (lamentable 
situation) : casus adver.su3 or tristis, from 
context tnerely casus (unfortunate acci- 
dent) : res adversa3, fortima afliicta, from 
context fortuna only (unfortunate circum- 
stances, especially relating to pecuniary 
and domestic matters) : fortuna mala (mis- 
fortune, ill fate. To bring calamities upon 
any body, miseriarum tf^mpestates alicui 
cxcitare ; alicui insignem calamitatcm in- 
ferre. To suffer calamity, in malis esse, 
jacere, versari ; malis urgeri : a calamity, 
calamitatem accipere. Vid. Affliction. 
CALCINATE, tr., in calcem vertere. 
Intr., * in calcem verti. 

CALCULATE, ». (7., || to reckon, com- 
putare, supputare (to sum vp) : alicujug 
rt'i rationem inire ; ad cakulos vocare 
aliquid : cakulum poncre in re (to re.-kun 
over, take an account) : * computiiudo ef- 
ficere (to make out by calculating) : to cnl- 
cnlate expenses, or the c/tst, ad cakulos vo- 
care sumtus: to calculate an amount in 
the current coin of our own country, * ad 
nostra} j)ecuni8B rationem rovocare ali- 
quid : to calculate the course of the heaven- 
ly bodice, stellarum or siderum cur.^^us et 
motus numeris perscqui ; cur.=UB siderum 
dimetiri (measure and calculate) : the loss 
can not be calculated, damnum majus est 
quam quod uestimari possit : to calculate 
cilery thing according to one's own inter- 
est, omnia metiri emolumentis et com- 
modis: to calculate with any one, ratio- 
nem cum aliquo putare, instituere, con- 
ferre ; rationem or calculum ponere cum 
alio'uo (Plin., Paneg., 20, 5) : to calculate 
every thing by pounds, shillings, and pence, 
omnia ad lucrum revocare : to leam to 



CALL 

calculate, aiithmetica discere : to caleulata 
well, in arithmeticis satis exercitatum 
esse : to calculate by Olympiads, Olympia- 
dura numero finire : the Gaids calculate 
time by days, and not by nights, Galli spa- 
tia omnis temporis non numero dierum, 
sed noctium tiniimt (Cces., B. G., 6, 18) : 
the Germans do not calculate time by days, 
as we do, hut by nights, Germani non die- 
rum numerum, ut nos, sed noctium com- 
putant {Tac, Germ., XI, 2). || To calczt- 
late upon a thing, eperare fore ut, 
&c. I calculate upon your coming, spero 
fore ut venias. Impropb., (a) to weigh 
any thing, calculum ponere in re 
(Plin., Ep., 1, 14, 9) : to calculate or weigh 
all the difficulties or circumstances attend- 
ing any matter, ponere calculos in utra- 
que parte (Plin., Ep., 2, 19, 9) : (b) to in 
tend a certain effect, accommodare 
aliquid ad rem. 

CALCULATED, adj., accommodatua ; 
aptus ; idoneus ; par : calculated for some- 
thing, accommodatus.ad aliquid, or alicui 
rei : calculated for business, and nothing 
else, par negotiis nee supra. 

CALCULATION, s., ratio : computatio 
supputatio. To make friendship a mere 
calculation of interest, nijnis exigue et 
exiliter ad calculos vocare amicitiam. A 
calculation made or to be made, ratio sub- 
ducta or subducenda. 

CALCULATOR, s., calculator (Mart, 
and Ulp., Dig.) : computator {Sen., Ep., 
87, 5). 

CALDRON, ahenum: cortina (resting 
on three legs, for cooking and dyeing) : 
lebes (Af6';jS, only among the Greeks, espe- 
cially used as a present of honor ; vid. Virg , 
^n., 3, 466 ; .5, 266). 

CALEFACTION, s., calefactio (Arcad., 
Dig.) : calefactus, lis (only in the ablative, 
Plin. and Lctct.), or by circumlocution : 
for the calefaction of any thing, ad aliquid 
calefaciendum. 

CALENDAR, s., calendarium {origin- 
ally, a book of debts or interest ; in modern 
Latin, a calendar, Inscr. Grut., 133, to be 
retained as a technical term) : fasti (tlie 
book in which the dies fasti et nefasti, the 
dies senates et comitiales. Sec, were reg- 
istered) : ephemeris, idis, /. (a day-book 
of expenses, events, Sic). 

CALENDER, s., tormentum (for 
clothes. Sen., Tranq., 1, 3 : in later writers, 
pressorium). 

CALENDER, o. (vestes, pannum, &c.), 
pondcribus premere (Sen., Tranq., 1, 3) : 
* pannum polire, expolire (Plin. has Tes- 
tes polire, expolire). 

CALENDS, .<t., calendsB, or kalendse in 
inscriptions (the first day of the month) : 
till the last of August, usque ad pri<ie 
calendas Septembres. Debtors paid in- 
terest on the first of the month; hence tristes 
calendse. The Greeks had no calends in 
their calculations of time ; hence ad calen- 
das Graecas solvere : to pay at latter Lam- 
mas, i. e., never. |^° Obs., the name of 
the month is to be an adjective ; hence ca- 
lends Januariai, 7K7« Januarii. 

CALF, II of the leg, sura : to have 
thick calves, crassioribus esse suris. 
II Young of a cow, vitulus. || Sea- 
calf, vitulus mnrinus (the pure Latin 
term) : phoca (also a sea-calf from (jxiKij). 
II of or bdonging to a calf vitulinuB. 

CALIBRE,*., \\the diameter of the 
barrel of a gun, * modus tormento- 
rum : also * os tormentorum, * os tor- 
meuti bellici : * tormenti bellici capacitas. 
II Impr., modus : magnitudo: amplitude: 
they are of a different calibre, non sunt 
ejusdem farinie. 

CALICE. Vid. Chalice. 
CALIGRAPHY,.">.,*calIigraphia; *scri- 
bendi ars. 

CALIX (cvp of a flower), doliolum flo- 
ris (Pliti.): calathus (late; poetical). 

CALK, V. a., *navcm picare. [Kraji 
gives navium rimas pice, adipe, obduce- 
re, explere.] 

CALKER, circumlocution by navem 
picare, <fec. 

CALL, .«., \\ sound of the voice, 
vox. II The calling, summoning, 
vocatus; vocatio; evocatio (in military 
service; c. p., a person takes vp arms at 
the first call, aliquis arma capit, ubi pri- 



CALL 

■mm beUicum cani aadirit). H To come 
upon any body'* calling, alicujog 
vocatu, or ab aliquo Tocatum, or tnTitatum 
venire. Hence, especially, \\ the offer of 
.an office, muDUS ob'utuin, ^<»ji conttxt 
also conditio : to receive a call, * vocari ad 
tnunus : to receive a call to go to any 
place, * qno Tocari : he had a call to go to 
Gottiiigen, * Gottingensis conditio ei offe- 
rebator : to accept a call, * munus oblatnm 
euscipere ; conditionem accipere : he ac- 
cepteatke call trithout hesitation, * non du- 
bitavit accipere, qnod deferebatur : to re- 
fuse a call, cociditioueni recusare. || Im- 
pulse, impulsus, impolsio. || Visit, 
sahitatio: saiutationis officium (at Rome, 
the call of friends or clients in the morn- 
ing, as a mark of respect totcard persons 
of rank) : daily and frequent calls of 
friends, qaotidiana amiccnun assiduitas 
et frequentia : to make a call [vid. to 
CallJ : to put off a call, visendi curam 
differre (,Tac., Ann., 14, 6, 1) : your call 
will be agreeable to all, carus omnibus ex- 
pectatusque Tenies. || The calling a 
person or thing by name, nomen-' 
clatio. 

CALL, v., II name, nominare (also to 
give any thing apropername) : appeUare 
{to call or address any body by his tille) : 
vocare : dicere (the former, to caU any 
body by his name, or, like dicere, to call 
any body or any thing according to ichat 
it is, i. e., to a^z any epithet to it. 
gp^ Obs., vocare generally with a sub- 
stantive, dicere vith an adjective) : nomen 
alicni dare, or indere, or imponere (to 
give a name to any body) : to call by name, 
aliqnem nomine appeUare : to call every 
thing by its ouni name, suo qiiamque rem 
nomine appellare: to call any body or 
any thing after something, ex aliqua re, or 
ex aliquo nominare aliqiiid, or aliquem : 
/ call any thing my omn, aliquid meum 
vindico: / am called (i. e., / have the 
nonu), mihi est nomen, v!ith nominative, 
or dative, or (more seldom) genitive of the 
name [vid. Name, s.}. || Invite, invitare 
(to request any body's participation in any 
thing) : invitare aliquem ad aliquid (e. g., 
acL beilum, ad quietem, &c.) : ad opus 
solicitari (to be called upon to perform 
some dtiS). \\ Visit, visere: aUcujus vi- 
sendi cau£3 venire : invisere : visitare (to 
caU upon any body to inquire after his 
health, &c.) : intervisere (to call occasion- 
ally) : adire, convenire (to call to speak on 
or to transact any business) : Esjutare : 
8aluta^am or ealutandi causa ad aliquem 
venire : ati aliqnem salutandum venire 
(to call upon any body, as a mark of re- 
spect). I) To CAI.I. OCT (challenge to a 
combat), provocare (i^solutely, Liv., 24, 
8) : provocare aliquem ad pugnam or ad 
certamen (especially from among a multi- 
tude). II Call OCT (troops to military 
service), evocare, or evocare ad beilum. 
II Summon to appear at a place, postula- 
re, citare (the former before a court, the 
latter of any verbal summons) : on account 
of any thing, alicujus rei or de re ; patres 
in curiam citari jubere (to call the fathers 
to appear in the senate-house) : nominatim 
citare or evocare (to summon any body by 
his name to take military service). \\ Call 
Uf, ailvooare, to any body ; ad aliquem, to 
any thing, ad or in aliquid : accire (to in- 
tend to call in, but so that the person called 
need nn come immediately ; therefore mere- 
ly aciim aliquem, not aliquem ad aliquem, 
&.C.): arcessene (send for any body and 
make him actually come ; e. g., aliquem 
areesfi or arcesairi jubere) : to call any 
body in, intro vocare aliquem (invite him 
in): ty call in a physician, medico uti : 
medicum morbo adhibere or admovere : 
medicum ad segrotum adducere (of a 
person fetching him) : to call in money, 
pecnnias exigere. || Call back, revo- 
care : troops, signum receptui dare : to call 
any boihj back to life, aliquem in vitam 
revocare : to call any thing back to (peo- 
ple's) memory, memoriam alicujus rei re- 
novare or redintegrare : to call any thin^ 
back to any body's mind (remind kSm of 
it), alicni aliquid in memonam redigere 
tr reducere ; aliquem in memoriam aK- 
rujti? rei n'novare or reducere : aliquem 
«) memoriam alicujus rei excitare: to 



CALL 

eaU any thing back to onis wn memory, 
memoriam aJicujus rei repetere or revo- 
care. II Call togethee, convocare (also 
of animals ; e. g., a ken, her chickens) : to 
call a meeting of the people, in concionem 
vocare or convocare populum : also only 
convocare populum: to call the masters 
of the horse to a court-martial, pr«efectDS 
equitum ad consilium convocare : to call 
the senate together, eenatum cogere or 
convocare : cogere (properly, to drive to- 
gether or collect in a heap) : congregare 
(to gather in a flock) : conducere, contra- 
here (to concentrate, e. g., troops) : copiaa 
in unnm locum cogere, or conducere, or 
contrahere (to collect or assemble troops ai 
one place). || Call aw at (or off), avo. 
care : evocare (call any body out of d 
party) : vocare foras (call out of doors) : 
any body is called away, nnnciatur alicui, 
utprodeat: evocatur iquis (Cic, De Or., 
2, 86, 353) : abducere (with or without de 
or ex loco : to fetch any body away) : ad- 
versum ire (especially of slaves, called 
adversitores, who fetched their masters; 
vid. Ruknk., Ter., Ad., 1, 1, 2) : arces- 
sere aliquem (seems principally to have 
been used for sending a slave, called arces- 
sitor, to fetch any body to a feast ; vid. 
Gierig, Plin., Ep., 5, 6, 45) : sevocare 
(to call aside). || Call for. poscere (to 
demand in expectation of assent) : depos- 
cere : exposcere (to call for instantly or 
urgently) : postulare : expostulare (to call 
for any thing to which one is entitled; 
expostulare. urgently or seriously) : flagi- 
tare : efBagitare (urgently and impetuous- 
ly, especially if one has a real or pretended 
right, Cic, Slilon., 34, p. init., makes a 
climax thus : -misericordiam implorare, 
requirere, exposcere, flagitare): pete- 
re : expetere (to endeavor to obtain by 
means of entreaty) : exigere (to demand or 
collect what one has a right to claim, as a 
debt, wages, also taxes ; if by coercive 
means, persequi pecuniam) : to call for by 
writing, per Uteras flagitare. |j Call to 

AN ACCOITNT. [Vid. .iCCOCTST.] || CaLL 

FOKTH, provocare, evocare : citare (to call 
any body by name to appear; the conquer- 
or, for instance, at Olympia ; e. g., victo- 
rem Olympiae citari. In a similar man- 
ner it may be used for calling forth an act- 
or on the stage, which kind of compliment, 
however, was not known to the ancients: 
revocare aliquem = to demand the repeti- 
tion of any beautiful passage, to encore 
any body) : excitare aliquem (to call from 
below ; e. g., the spirits of the world below, 
inferos). || Call rP0N- = to ^iicJt, in- 
vocane (entreat any body about any thing, 
as for aid. Sec. ; e. s., invocare musas, to 
invoke the muses) : implorare aliquem. (to 
implore ; e. g., implorare or invocare decs, 
to implore or invoke the gods, especially for 
help or assistance) : implorare fidem ali- 
cujus ; invocare subsidium alicujus : aux- 
Uium alicujus implorare et flagitare (to 
call upon any body for protection, help, 
&c.). To call upon or appeal to the judge 
for relief in any thing, ad judicis opem 
confugere. To call upon any body for 
mercy, alicujus misericordiam implorare 
or exigere. || To call a wttxess, te»- 
tari or testem facere aliquem, usually 
antestari aliqnem (previously to the in- 
troduction of the cause, when the question 
was pia, "licet antestari?" whereupon tie 
assenting person presented the lap of his 
ear to be touched by the postulant). \\ To 
CALL OCT, (a) challenge [vid. before iti 
this article]: (b) exclaim, exclamare : 
conclamare (especially of a multitude, but 
also of a single person, in which ca'e it 
conveys the idea of raising a clamor imme- 
diately after any occurrence ; vid. Cas., B. 
G., 1, 47, fltr:.) : clamitare (to ojir any | 
thing in the streets for sale). \\ Call rp, 
(a) exsuscitare ; expergefacere (e sora- 
no); excitare (e somno); suscitare ?om- 
no or e quiete (t) : (b) improps. = to \ 
rouse. To call up the spirits of any body : 
(encourage), excitare ; incitare. stimulare i 
aliquem, stimulos admovere aiicui. || To  
C.U.L ANY THING IN QCFSTiox, aliquid in 
dubium revocare. f| To call names, I 
alicni contumelife causa cognomen dare. 
II Call over, recensere : recitare : the 
senate, senbtum recitare : one's slaves, ser- 



CALM 

V08 per nomina citare. || Call Ai.otnt, 
clamare : vociferari. JVuth calls aloud, 
Veritas clamat 

CALLER, salntator : qui visendi (ac 
sahitandi) canslt venit ad aliquem. A 
troublesome caller, molestus interpellator. 
Callers, salutatio (as a collective) : salu- 
tantes qui visendi (ac salutandi) causa ad 
aliquem veniunL To let a caller in, ali- 
quem admittere : to say not at home to a 
caller, aliquem excludere, or ab aditu 
prohibere. 

CALLING, II inclination: studinm: 
(animi) impetus (instinct) : J feel a call- 
ing, fert animus ; est impetus (.t) : / feel 
no calling, &c, * non est in animo, &c. : 
to feel no calling, abhorrere or alienum 
esse a re. \\Spbere of any body's 
duty, office: of&cium: partes: mu- 
nus (Syn. in Office) : to be attentive to 
the duties ofontfs calling, officio suo fun- 
gi : officio suo satisfacere ; implere officii 
sui partes : to neglect the duties of on^s 
calling, deserere officii sui partes : ab 
officio suo decedere or recedere : minis- 
terium (honorable tiffice) : ars (profession) : 
provincia (province or sphere of duty) : 
status (the position or state in which any 
body finds himself) : conditio (the position 
or situation in which he is plated as a 
member of society. Conditio is lasting, 
and status transient). 

CALLOSITY, s., callus : callum (hard 
ness of the skin of the hands and feet) 
Tbop., any kind of hardness (e. g., con- 
snetndo callum obduxerat stomacho meo, 
Cic: diutuma cogitatio callum obduxe- 
rat animis). 

CALLOUS, adj., callosus ; duricorina 
(Macrob., Sat., 2, 16 ; PUn., 15, 18, 19) : 
induratus. 

CALLOUSNESS, »., dnrities; torpor. 
Fig., for insensibility : indolentia : ani- 
mus dums. 

CALLOW, adj., implumis : callow 
young ones, juvencse aves (Plin.). 

CALM, s., tranquillitas, tranquillitates 
(tlte ^ate of the sea when there is no storm ; 
plural of a continued cabsi, : malacia (ths 
state of the sea when there is no wind). 
Jn. malacia et tranquillitas. Fig., animi 
tranquillitas ; quies ; otrum. 

CALM, adj., tranquillus (without any 
violent motion, especially of the sea when 
not stirred by winds) : quietus (in a state 
of rest; withoiu exertion). Jn. tranquil- 
lus et quietus : sedatus (without any stormy 
violence ; e. g., gradus, tempus) : placidus 
(trithout violent motion, disturbance. Sec, 
coelum, dies, somnus, amnis) : otiosus 
(undisturbed by troublesome bustTU.^) : qu" 
omni vento caret (dies). A calm life, vita 
otiosa, tranqmlla, tranquilla et quieta, 
placida : a calm sea, mare tranquUlum or 
placidnm. To be calm, quietum esse, 
quiescere. ^p" Tranquillus, quietus, 
placidus, sedatus, placatus. are ail applied, 
also, to the mind, and its operations : 
quietus, allied in sense to otiosus, seg- 
nis, languidus ; tranquillus to lenis. placi- 
dus, moderatus, Dod. Jn. placidus qui- 
etusque ; placatus et tranquillus ; sedatus 
et quietus ; sedatus placidusque. Calm 
speech, oratio placida or sedata. To do 
any thing in a calmer mood, placatiore 
animo fiicere aliquid : to write in a calmer 
mind, sedatiore animo scribere. To be 
calm (in mind}, animo esse quieto, or 
tranquillo, or placato: animo non com- 
moveri Be calm, quiesce (be quiet) : m- 
le ; taceas qua»so ! (be silent) : bono sis 
tmimo ! bonum habe animum (be of good 
courage). Their minds are not yet calm, 
mentes nondum r^sedemnt. 

CALM, r., tranquiUare (to make any 
thing rest : properly, the sea; improperly, 
men's minds, animes) : pacare (to reduce 
to peace ; e. g., provinciam) : sedare (to 
make to settle quietly down ; e. g , anger ; 
the winds. Ok. : the waves, Cic): placare 
Co bring to a milder, quieter state; e. g., 
iram : also sequora. Or.) : permulcere (to 
calm by soothing words, &c. : the mind, 
anger) : lenire (to bring to a milder state ; 
anger, fear. &c-) : reprimere {to repress 
excitement in any body : e. g.. concitatam 
multitni'inem, Ifep.). To crrlm any body's 
mind by encouraging words, alicujus ani. 
mum verbis confirmare : by comforting 
79 



CAMP 

Kords, aliqttem, or animum alicujus con- 
solatione lenire, or pennulcere.. To calm 
one's self, acquiescere. 

CALMLY, quiete, placide, otiose : of 
mind, quieto animo, tranquille, placide, 
placato animo, sedate, sedato animo. 
Jn. tranquille et placide, sedate placide- 
que. To bear calmly ; vid. Calmness. 

CALMNESS, II 0/ the sea [vid. CALai, 
s.]. II Of the mind, tranquillitas animi, 
tranquillitas, animus tranquillus ; eequus 
animus, aequitas animi : from context asqui- 
tas only. To bear any thing with calm- 
ness, placide or sedate ferre aliquid : not 
to bear any thing with calmness, aliquid 
«gre ferre. 

CALORIFIC, adj., producing heat, ca- 
"orificus, GelL, 17, 8, 12; excalfactorius. 
Hin. 

CALOTTE, s. (an ecclesiastical cap or 
coif), calautica {otherwise calantica, Cic, 
Fragm.) : mitra ; mitella. 

CALTROP, s. (an instrument with 
spikes, thrown on the ground to annoy the 
enemy's horse), murex ferreus : to set cal- 
trops, murices ferreos det'odere ; murici- 
bus ferreis locum sternere ; murices fer- 
reos projicere. 

CALUMNIATE, tr., calumniari (to ac- 
cuse falsely and with evil design) : crimi- 
nari aliquem apud aliquem — de faraa or 
existimatione alicujus detrahere ; de ali- 
quo absente detrahendi causa maledice- 
re, contumelioseque dicere (Cic, Off., 1, 
37, 134): alicui ahsenti male loqui (Ter., 
Phor., 2, 3, 2.')) : / am calumniated, detra- 
hitur de mejl fama. 

CALUMNIATOR, s., calumniator : ob- 
trectator : a fimale calumniator, calumni- 
atrix (Ulp.. Dig., 37, 9, 1, and 14, 16). 

CALUMNIOUS, adj., calumniosus ; fal- 
sas criminationes continens. 

CALUMNIOUSLY, adv., calumniose ; 
per calumniiim ; per falsas criminationes. 

CALUMNY, s., calumnia: obtrectatio : 
criminatio (an accusation with evil inten- 
tion, in a calumnious spirit). 

CALVE, v., vitulum parere : a cow that 
has just calved, feta (vid. Voss, Virg., 
Eel, 1, 49). 

CALVINIST, s., *CalvinianiB legis stu- 
diosus (after Ammian., 25, 10) : * Calvini 
assecla. 

CAMBRIC, s., carbasus: *tela baptis- 
t8B, or * tela (a sort of fine linen from 
Spain. Harduin explains it by Camera- 
cenus, 071 Plin., 19, 1, 2, § 2) : made of 
cambric, carbaseus ; carbasineus ; carbas- 
Jnus. 

CAMEL, s., camelus : with two hunches, 
camelus dromas; camelus Bactrise (* ca- 
melus Bactrianus) : of or belonging to a 
camel, camelinus : a driver of camels, ca- 
meli magister (Sil., It., 4, 616) : qui came- 
lum regit (A ust., 8, 14, 39) : a keeper of 
camels, camelarius (Arcad., Dig., 50, 4, 18, 
and 11) : camel's hair, pilus camoli : seta 
cameli (for the tail). 

CAMELEON, s., Chamaeleon, ontis 
(Plin.): lacerta chamaeleon (Linn.). 
II Fig., versipellis, or qui versat naturani 
Buam atque hue illuc torquet, applied to a 
man of a variable disposition, or who can 
assume any character. 

CAMELOPARD, s., camelopardalis 
crrvufj camelopardalis. 

CAMELOT, s., *pannus e villis capri 
nis conti'xtus. 

CAMEO, gemma ectypa. To make ca- 
meos, gemmas ad ectypas scalpturas ap 
tare. 

CAMERA OBSCURA, s., * camera ob 
scura, qua? dicitur. 

CAMOMILE, s., matricaria chamomil 
la (Linn.). 

CAMP, .<!., castra, plural: tcntoria, plu 
rat : summer camp, estiva, plural (sc. cas 
tra) : winter camp, liibcma, plural (fc, 
castra) : to choose a place for a camp, lo 
cum idonciim castris deligcre^ to measure 
out a camp, castra metiri, dimetiri : to 
mark a camp by fixing poles, castra mcta- 
re ; locum castris dimctare : he who per- 
forms this office, rastrorum metator : to 
pitch a camp, C£u?tra ponere, locare, col- 
locare, constituerc ; tendere : near >M 
enemy, castra sua p>»?ne hz.z'^uiu castris 
jungere : castra castris ho=tium conferre : 
to rcmcrve. castra transferre : to break up, 
80 



CAN A 

castra movere, permovere, proferre : to 
take the enemy's camp, hostem castris exu- 
ere: of or belonging to a camp, 
Castrensis. 

CAMPAIGN, s., II open, level coun- 
try, planities ; ajquus et planus locus : 
campus, with or without planus or aper- 
tus : ffiquor (chiefly used by the poets, but 
also by Cic. : ^gyptii et Babylonii in 
camporum patentium sequoribus habita- 
bant) : eequata planities : exsequatio (a 
place made campaign). \\ The time dur- 
ing which an army keeps the field, 
bellum ; expeditio ; militia ; stipendium : 
to serve in a campaign, bello or expedi- 
tioni interesse : to serve in the same cam- 
paign, beUo una esse cum aliquo in cas- 
tris ; lu castra proficisci cum aliquo ; mi- 
litiEl cum aliquo perfungi ; cum aliquo 
militare : to serve under any body in a 
campaign, aliquo imperatore, aliquo im- 
perante, sub aliquo merere ; sub aliquo. 
or sub alicujus signis militare : alicujus 
castra sequi : to serve one's first campaign^ 
miUtiam auspicari ; he has served in many 
a campaign, in l)ello multura versatus 
est ; multa stipendia habuit : a man who 
has never served in a campaign, homo 
nullius stipendii ; qui nunquam castra vi- 
dit : to reopen the campaign, copias ex 
hibemaculis extrahere : to undertake a 
campaign against, proficisci contra ali- 
quem. 

CAMPHOR, s., *camphora: camphor- 
ated, * camphora imbutus. 

CAN, s., cantharus ; hirnea : a small 
can, hirnula. 

CAN, V. n., posse : / can, possum : licet 
mihi (of permission) : I can not put to sea 
on account of the weather, per tempesta- 
tem mihi navigare non licet : I can do it, 
copia, or potestas mihi est alicujus rei fa- 
ciendae, or merely alicujus rei : he could 
have lived more freely, liberius vivendi fuit 
alicui potestas : / can not at present adopt 
your advice, non est integrum consilio 
jam uti tuo : he explained the thing so 
clearly, that all could understand it, rem 
tam perspicue explicuit, ut omnes intelli- 
gerent : who can doubt ? quis dubitet ? 
one can easily understand, facile intelligi- 
tur : Themistocles could not be at rest, non 
licuit esse otioso Themistocli : I can not, 
non possum ; non queo ; nequeo. Some- 
times " can" is expressed by esse, with the 
gerund in "do:" he can pay, est solven- 
do : he can bear the load, est oneri feren- 
do. II / can not (:=/ can not fairly) 
often by nihil or non habeo, quod ; non 
habeo, cur,lS:c. : / can not find any fault 
with old age, nihil habeo, quod incusem 
senectutem : I can not agree with you, 
non habeo, quod tibi in ea re assentiar. 
II / speak as loud as I can, quam possum 
maxim^ voce dico : this man can not go 
wrong, non est in hoc homine peccandi 
locus : as well as I can, pro meis viribus ; 
pro facilitate ; quantum in me or in mea 
potestate situm or positum est ; ut potero. 
Do what you can to get it done, operam, 
ut fiat, da : to be more than one can do, vi- 
res excedere. || Can is sometimes ren- 
dered by scio : / can paint, pingere scio : 
so CAN NOT by nescio. || Can not but, 
facere non possum, quin (with subjunc- 
tive) : non possum non (with infinitive). 
The soul can not but be immortal, fieri non 
potest ut animus sit mortalis : [posse a7id 
quire were originally transitive ; posse 
denotes being able, as a consequence of 
power and strength, = Hvafiai : quiie, as 
the consequence of complete qualification, 
=zoiis re eht '■ nence in the best writers 
only in negative sentences, or sentences 
that have a negative character, as many 
hifpothetical sentences have ; whereas valere 
and pollere are intransitive : henc^ we $ay, 
possum or queo vincere, but valeo or pol- 
leo ad ^ancendnm.] 

CANAILLE, .«., vulgus; multitudo de 
plebo : multitudo obscura ct humilis ; 
sentina reipublicH? or urbis ; fiex populi : 
one of the canaille, unus de multis, or e 
multis. 

CANAI-, »., canalis, fossa (when it con- 
nects two rivers, or pieces of water) : to 
make a canal, fossam facere, deprimere. 
Thai had promisid to make a navigable 
canal from tite Lake Aternus to the mouths \ 



C ANN 

of the Tiber, ab Lacu Averno navigabL'«in 
fossam usque ad ostia Tiberina depres- 
suros, promiserant (Tac., Ann., 15, 42, 2). 

CANARY, s., a species of wine, brought 
from the Canaries, * vinum Canariense. 

CANARY-BIRD, s., *fringilla Canaria 
(Linn.). 

CANARY-GRASS, s., *phalari3 Cana- 
riensis. 

CANCEL, inducere (strike out ; resolu- 
tion, decree, &c.) : abrogare ; delere , re- 
scindere [Syn. in Annul] : to cancel the 
laws and customs of Lycurgus, Lycurgi 
leges moresque abrogare (Li'v.) : omnea 
leges una rogatione delere, Cic. : a will, 
testamentum rescindere. Quint. A man's 
decrees, decreta rescindere, Suet. 

CANCER, jl a crab-fish, cancer, genitive 
cancri : also the sign of the slimmer .sol- 
stice : the sun is going through the sign 
of Cancer, sol Cancri signum transit. || A 
virulent sore, canceroma, atis, or carci- 
noma, atis (KapKiviana). 

CANCEROUS, adj., canccraticus (late). 

CANCERATE, v., to become a cancer, 
cancerare (late). 

CANDID, a(Z;'.,sincerus; simplex; aper- 
tu8: a candid man, homo apertai volun- 
tatis, simplicis ingenii, veritatis amicus. 

CANDIDLY, sincere; vere; Candida; 
simpliciter ; genuine ; sine dolo ; sine 
fraude : to confess candidly, aperte et in 
genue confiteri : to judge candidly, incor- 
rupte et integre judicare : I will speak 
candidly what I think, quid ipse sentiam 
vere, ingenue, ex animi sententia dicam : 
to speak candidly, ut ingenue or aperte 
dicam. 

CANDIDATE, s., candidatus : for the 
consulship, candidatus consularis : for the 
ministry, * candidatus ecclesia-^ticus : to 
perform the duty of a candidate, munere 
candidatorio fungi (Cic, Att., 1, 1, 2). A 
candidate, not only for the consulship, but 
for immortality and glory, candidatus non 
consulatils tantum, sed immortalitatis et 
gloriffi (Plin., Paneg.). 

CANDLE, s., candela: of wax, candela 
cerea : of tallow, candela sebacea, or se- 
bata, or without candela, sebaceus : to makt 
tallow candles, candelas sebare (Col., 2, 21, 
3. Schneid.) : to make mold candles, can- 
delas in formam fundere : to light a carl- 
die, candelam accendere : to study by Cart- 
dlc-light, lucubrare. A work by candle- 
light, lucubratio. 

CANDLEMAS, s. (the feast of the Puri- 
fixation of the blessed Virgin), * dies Ma- 
riae purificatse saco-, 

CANDLE-SNUFFER, s., emunctorium 
(Vulg., Exod., 2;5, 38). 

CANDLESTICK, «., candelabrum: a 
bed-candlestick, candelabrum manuale : 
a branched candlestick, candelabrum bra- 
chiatum. 

CANDOR, s., sinceritas ; iutegritas ; 
simplicitas ; animi candor : Justus sine 
mendacio amdor (Veil.) : (tua simpUcitas, 
tua Veritas, tuus candor, Plin., Paneg.) 

CANDY, v., * saccharo coudire : can- 
died, * saccharo conditus : * saccharo li- 
quefacto obducere (cover with candied 
sugar) : to candy, intr., in crystallos 
abire (crystallize). 

CANE, arundo (reed; large, thick stalk 
of the reed) : canna (smaller, rush) : cala- 
mus (thinner halm of the reed) : made of 
cane, anindineus, canncus : abounding in 
cane, arundinosus. || ^ walking-stick, 
baculus, or baculum, scipio : to lean on a 
cane, inniti baculo ; artus baculo sustinS- 
re : to cane, or strike with a cane, fustem 
alicui impingere [fustis and ferula denott 
sticks for striking; scipio and baculua, 
for walking]. 

CANE, v. Vid. " strike with a cane," in 
Cane, .«. 

CANINE, adj., caninus : to be seized 
with canine madness, efferari rabie canSnA. 

CANISTER, «., pyxis, idis : theca : a 
tin canister, pyxis stannea : capsula : tht 
sign of the golden canister, * aureaa pyxi- 
dis signum. 

CANKER, »., carcinoma (Cato, Cels., 
&c.) : canker-worm, eruca : campe, es, or 
campa. a-. 

CANKER, tr., corrumpere : intr,, 
cornimi)i ; vitiari. 

CANNIBAL, *- *humanft. came Te» 



CANZ 

ecus. Tke StytMians are cannibah, Scy- 
thsB corporibtts homintim rescuntnr, ejos- 
que vicrts alimento Titam ducunt 

CAXNOS, s^ bellicum tonnenbim : to 
load a cannon, * pulrerem com globo in 
• tormentum indere : to /re of a emMon, 
* tormentum emittere : to eamumade a 
dtf, * urbem tormentis rerberare. H Cax- 
KON-BAU^, teltun tormento missum 
(C*».) : * globus tormento missus. H Cax- 
KOX-<3HOT (03 a dislana). quo telum tor- 
mento missum (or quo tormentum) adigi 
potest: to be out of cannon-tkot, extra 
tonoenti jactum or conjectom esse (.after 
Curt^ 3, 10) : extra tormenti conjectum 
consistere (after Pc-tron.) : to be vitMin 
ean-ton-siuTt, ictibus tormentorum interio- 
*em esse (after Lir^ 24, 34). 

CANNONEER, »., miles tormentarius. 

CANOE, s., an Indian boat, cymba, sca- 
pha; linter. 

CANON, »., norma ; lex (rule) ; decre- 
toin : lex ecdeaastica ; decretum canon- 
icum : caHo»4aw, jus canonicum ; corpus 
juris canonici : the canon icai books, * libri 
canonici (tecknieai term) : Ubrorum fide 
di^orum fimulia (after Quint^ I, 4, 3). 
yC dignitary of the Church, *canon- 
icns. 

CANONESS, it, * canonica. 

CANONICALS, s^ Testis hominis ec- 
desiastici. 

CANONIST, »., * qui jus canonicum pro- 
fitetur: * juris canonici professor. 

CANONIZATION, s^ circumlocution bjf 
verbs under Caxoxize, for consecratio 
ioes not do here. 

CANONIZE, »., aUquem in sanctorum 
Bumerum referre ; * aKquem sanctorum 
ordinibus ascribere ; alicujus Tirtutes con- 
eecrare et in sanctorum numero collor are 
(Cic ad QuiHt^ Fr^ 1, 1, 10, § 31). 

CANONSHIP, !*•■ c^onicatn^ (o^)- 

CANOPY, auiteum (Heind^ Hor^ Sat, 
2,8,54). 

CANOROUS, adj^ bene sonans ; cano- 
rus; eonorus. 

C.\NT, \\ gibberish, perplexa ratio 
loquendL verba perplexa. \\Teehnieal 
ei-pressions, rocabula quae in quaque 
arte versantur, vocabula artificum pro- 
pria, Tocabula artis ; verba quasi privata 
ac sua. To use cant terms, verbis quasi 
privatis nti ac suis. A cant tcord among 
sailors, vocabulnm nauticum: in camp, 
vocabulum castrense : of painters, vocab- 
ulom pictsrae, vocabulum pictoribus nsi- 
tatnm. ^Affected ir^ine, voxfictasim- 
olataqne, sermo fictus simulatusqne : re- 
ligious cant, species ficta; pietatis, ficta re- 
tigio. iiXoiD talk, sermo ex triviis sum- 
tus, vocabula ex triviis arrepta ; vilitas ser- 
monis, dictionis. 

C.AXT, r., simulate loqui ; pietatem ver- 
bis simulare : triviali aermone utiL 

C.ANTAT.A. s.; carmen varium. 

CANTEEN, s., theca ampullaruuL 

CANTER, r., lasioribus habenis ferri, 
cmrrere. 

CANTHARIDES, »., cantfaarides, am : 
from cantharis, Spanish fits, used for 
blisters, tc. 

CANTICLE, s_ cantus, canticum. 

CANTO, »., poematis sectio; cantus: 
fiber. 

C.\NTON, i, paeus. 

CANTON, v., Etativa habere ; in stativis 
esse ; in praesidio coUocatum esse aliquo 
ioco : TR., stativa ponere aliquo loco. 

CANTONMENT, s., stativa, plural : cas- 
tra stativa. 

CANVAS.^, * textum. quod dicitnr Ca- 
nevas ; * canava, * canevasium. \l Going 
round to ask for rote«,ambitio, pren- 
satio : ambitus (ftjr illegal means). 

CANVASS, v., II to inverti^ate, scru- 
tari ; perscrutari ; consideriffe. fl To 
eanra.^s for votes, ambire, circnmire 
(drcumire stronger than ambire, Cic., 
AtL, 14, 21, Antooinm circumire Vfte- 
ranos, ut acta Casaiis sancirent : that is, 
he made, in his eanrassing, the round from 
frst to last : ambire tcould only aprtss his 
eanra^ng, and addressing the vettrons 
in general. Vid. IXWl, p. 12). | Cak- 
VAssrvG. ambitio: pr-usatio. 

C.\NZONET,*,canOuncula(Cfc. FH., 
S,13>. 

6 



CAPI 

CAP, JL, l^f or females, mitra: mitella 
(faslened ttnder Ae chin) : calantira (hang- 
ing down to the shoulders, a sort ofveH) : 
reticulum (eomjhiing the hair. Hie a net). 
H For ateii, galerus or galemm (nivq itr 
<n)»^) : pileos (of felt) [vid. Hat] : ipex 
(the pointed cap of priests): tutulus, anoint 
cap worn b) the Flamines, Sec). If the cap 
fUs, you may wear it, * hoc per me Ucet, in 
te dictum putes. 

CAP, II take off the cap to any body, 
caput aperire; caput nudare. fH Top with 
any thine, superintegere aliqn& re. 

Armed CAP-A-PIE, a vertice ad tales ar- 
matus. Cataphractus (Lie). Continuo 
ferro indutus (Tac). 

CAPABILITY. \Td. Capacitt. 

CAP.ABLE, adj., utilis alicui rei, or ido- 
neus ad ahquid ; bonus alicui rei, or ad ali- 
quid ; aptus ad ajiquid : capable of nothing, 
ad nuUam rem utOis : of any thing, ad om- 
nes res aptus ; capable of any thing (in a 
bad sense), a quo nullum fecinus, nulla 
fi-aus abest (Cic, Of., 3, 18, 75) : omnia 
audacissime suscipere (Lie, 30. 30) ; ad 
qnodhbet &cinns audacem esse (Cic, CaL, 
^ 5, 9) : inc^MiNe of (in a good sense), ab 
aiiqua re alienom esse, or abhorrere. 

C.AP.\CIOUS, spatiosus ; amplus ; ca- 
pax; largus. 

CAPACIOL'SNTISS, amplitndo ; capa- 
citas. 

CAPACITATE, alicujus rei gerendse 
facultatem, or adjumenta dare : aliquem 
instmere ad aliquid. 

C.U>ACITY, ampfitudo (siu) : capacitas 
(capaciousness) : ingenii facultates (m<ni- 
tal endowments) : intelligentia : intelligen- 
di prudentia : vis percipiendi : ingenium : 
to possess great capaci ty , ingenio abun- 
dare : to possess capaaty for, fac oitatem 
aliquid fiiiciendi habere ; ftcultate aliquid 
£unendl praeditum esse : to be beyond one's 
eapadty, vires excedere: to adapt one's 
self to the capacity of Uamers, ad Inteili- 
gentiam discentium descendere : to adopt 
on^s self to common capacities, sensum ad 
communem vu^aremque se accommo- 
dare ; ad commune judicium popularem- 
que sententiam se accommodare ; intelli- 
gentia a vulgari non remotum esse : to 
sharpen the capacity, ingenium, or intelli- 
gendi prodcntiam, acuere. 

CAPARISON, s., tegiunentum equi : 
stragulum, stnigula ; stratum ; omamen- 
tom eqnoram; phalerae (smaU semicircu- 
lar Mdds of silver or gold, with which du 
head and neck of horses were adorned) : a 
horse tkus adorned, equna phaleratus: 
splendid embroidered caparison, babyloni- 
ca (Lucr., 4, 1023. XTlp.). 

CAPARISON, r., equo instemere stra- 
gulum or stratum : equum tapetis ster- 
nere (Vhrg.). 

CAPE, promontorium. |] Neck-piece 
of a cloak, perhaps collare ; patagium (a 
border ia a females dress) ; (javus (in a 
man's). 

CAPER, »., cappari, neuter indeclina- 
ble : II a^ier-tree, ci^)paii3, capparis spi- 
nofla (Linn.). || A leap, exsnltatio : to cut 
a^ers, exsnltare. 

CAPILLAIRE, s^ adiantum (iiiamn, 
aplant called maiden-hair. Plin--2i.2l. 30). 

CAPILLARY, adj., capUlaris (AppuL 
Herb., 47) : capillaceus (Plin.). 

CAPITAL, 5-, 11 chief city, caput reg- 
ni: urbs nobilissima. Principal laid 
out at interest,aoTS; caput; virum (as 
opposed to " the inttre^^ ; pecuni* : nuia- 
mi : res (money generedly) : that the wom- 
an's principal or capital might be safer, 
ut muUeri esset res cautior, ic. (OV-, 
Cacin., 4, 11) : capital Iving idle ; dead 
capital, pecuniffi otiosse or vacuje : pecu- 
nite steriles : the capital lies dead, pecuniae 
otiosse jacent : to lire on the interest of cap- 
ital, de fenone vivere : to deduct what is 
owed from capital, aes alienum de capite 
deducere : to deduct from capital, de vivo 
detrahere : the interest due is greater than 
the capital, mergunt soitem usurae : capi- 
tal arises from interest, sors fit ex usura. 
II Capital of a pillar, capitulum. 

CAPITAL, a/ij., eximius : esregius (er- 
eellent) : a capital crime, crimen capitale : 
capital Utters, literae grandes (opposed to 
minutsV 

CAPITALIST, qui pecunias fenore col- 



C APT 

locat, fenori dat: qui nummos in feiion 
ponit : fenerator : a rich capitalist, dives po- 
sitis in fenore nummis (Uar.^ Sat., 1, 2, 13) 
CAPITALLY, egregie : eximie : excel 
lenter (ezceUentltf) : to proceed against cap 
itaUy, aliquem capitis accusare ; cansam 
ad capitis judicitun revocare (capitahter, 
mortally, Plin.). 

CAPITATION, ||;>o2/-(az, tributnmin 
ongnla capita impoeitum (C^s., B. C, 3. 
32: by Cic, Alt., 5, 16, 2, called f;»t^ 
Xiov) : exactio capitnm (Cic ad Die, 3,9, 
5) : to impose a general capitation-tax, in 
angula c^ita servomm et liberorum tzib- 
utnm imponere. 

CAPITOL (temple and citadel a: Some, 
on the Tarpeian Rode), Capitolium. 

CAPITULATE, arma conditione po- 
nere ; arma per pactionem tradere : cer- 
tis conditionibna hosti tradi : de condititMi- 
ibus tradendsB mtaa agere cum aliquo (to 
treat about capitulating. Lit-, 37, 12). 

CAPITULATION, conditiones dedili- 
onis : to come to a capitulation, ad condi- 
tiones deditionis descendere : to refuse a 
I capitulation, nullam deditionis conditio- 
I nem accipere : conditiones rejiccre, recu- 
sare : to accede to a capitulation, ad condi- 
tiones accedere; certis conditionibus de 
I deditione cum hoste pacisci : to break a 
I copttiUation, conditiones pactionesquebel- 
i Kcaa perturbare perjurio (Cic, OJ., 3, 29; 

I CAPOK, capo, Miis,in.(ca7wr), capos, i. 

j CAPRICE, libido ; animi impetus : ta 

act more from caprice than re/lection, im- 

: petn quodam animi potius quam ct^ita 

; tione ncere aliquid : thecetpriexoffortiau:, 

inconstantia fortonae. 

CAPRICIOUS, sibi placens ; incon- 

• stans ; mutabilis, or varius et mutabilis ; 

mobiUs ; ingenio levis : ingenio mobilis : 

: to be very capricious, plumis et folio feci- 

lius moreri (Cic) : versabilis (leue) : * Kbid- 

, ine or ex libidine factus {done or made 

-. out of caprice). 

CAPRICIOUSNESS, inconstantia mu- 
tabilitasque mentis ; mobiHtas ( e, g., for- 
tunae). Vid. Ixconstaxct. 

CAPRICORN, capricomus (a sign of 
; the zodiac). 

I CAPSTAN (an engine for drawing yf 
i great weights), ergala, ae, m. (ip^arm. 

i »^-)- , 

I CAPSULE, capsula : diminutice of 
i capsa. 

CAPTAIN, II coamaa(2er, general, 
j dux : imperator (a Roman general Kto 
has been saluted imperator by his troops 
I after a victory) : praetor (used by Sepos M 
I the sense of general, cfGrtA commanders, 
I Ice) : great captains, qui maximaa res in 
I bello geaaemnt; qui beUicA laude flonie- 
I runt ; imperatores sommi. H Centurio 
I (not ordinum ductor) : of a ship, navar- 
j chns (raiiapxBC), navis prefectus : of free- 
booters, latrtmum or pradonum dux : of 
pirates, archipirata: a captain of Uu 
guard, praetorias cohortis pnefectus. 

CAPTAINCY, centuriatus. From tks 
hope of gettine his captaincy, spe ordinis. 
CAPTAINSHIP, belli admmistratio : 
imperiom; ductus: praefectura. 

CAPTION, comprehensio (fhe act of 
taking any person). 

CAPTIOUS, captioeus ; fallax ; insidio- 
sus : to put a captions questien, captiose 
interrogare ; ct^tioeiasimo genere inter- 
Tt^ationis uti : to answer captious ques- 
tions, captiosa solvere : dolosus ; si^idfr 
his ; fraudulentus : (eager to eontroeert) 
jorgiosas ; rixosus : rixas enpidus ; liti- 
' giosus ; Utium cupidus : to be very cap- 
tious, niir& esse ad litigandmn, or ad rix- 
andmn, alacritate ; altercandi or rixandi 
stndioeus : anceps Terfoorum. 

CAPTIOUSLY, captiose; insidiose; do- 
lose. 

CAPTIOUSN'ESS, altercandi or rixan- 
di stadiuin : alacritas ad htisandum. 

CAPTIV.iTE, capere ; In ditionem, 
potestatemque ahcujns redigere. || To 
charwt, attiahere, capere, allicere (a per- 
son or a person's mind) : tie picture capti 
rates the eyes, tabula ocnios tenet 

CAPTIVE,*., )captas; captirw; in 

CAPTIVE, adj., J custod£am datns : 

custodi* 'TT vinciifis mandatus : to matt 

eapttte, vincula alicui in.pcere ; vincuBs 

81 



CARE 

colUgare ; vincire catenis: thi mind can 
not, be held captive, animo vincula injici 
non possunt 

CAPTIVITY, captivitas ; servitus : to be 
in captivity, ciistodia teiieri ; in vinculis 
esse : to be put into captivity, in custodiain, 
or in vincuia naitti. 

CAPTOR, qui capit ; qui Bccum de- 
ducit. 

CAPTURE, captiira : quod capit ali- 
quis : prieda. || Tke act of taking, 
captio ; captura. 

CAPUCUIN, * monachus psenulatus ; 
monachus cucullatus ; *capucinas. 

CAR, carrus or carrum ; veliiculum ; 
plaustrum ; currus ; carruca ; rheda. 

CARABINE. Vid. Carbine. 

CARAVAN, comitatus (vid. Cas., B. C, 
1, 48). 

CARAVANSARY, xenodocheum(Cod., 
Just., 1, 2, 17). 

CARAWAY, s., carum {Linn.) : careum 
(Plin.). 

CARBINE, s., * sclopetum equestre. 

CARBINEER, s., * eques gravioris ar- 
maturse sclopeto armatus. 

CARBONADO, s., caro frixa : caro car- 
bouibus usta. 

CARBONADO, v., carbonibus urere. 
II To cut meat across preparatory to 
broiling, camera fricare. 

CARBUNCLE, || a gem, carbunculus. 
11^ «i(m or, vomica: antiirax. 

CARCASS, corpus mortuum ; corpus 
hominis mortui : corpus exanime and ex- 
animum : cadaver. 

CARD, s., II a sort of paper, charta : 
visiting card, cliarta salutatrix {Mart., 9, 
100, 2) : tessera salutatrix : playing cards, 

* pagina; : to play at cards, * paginis ludere : 
a house of cards, casa paginis aedilicata 
{after Hor., Sat., 2, 3, 247) : t/u- playing cz 
cards, * lusus paginarum : a card-player, 

* qui paginis ludit : to be a great card-play- 
er, * ludere studiose paginis. || A wool- 
comb, carmen: pecten. 

CARD, v., pectere ; carminare {Varr., 
Plin.) : carding, carininatio {Plin., 11, 
23, 27). • 

CARDER, qui lanam carminat 
CARDINAL, s., *cardinalis: *purpura- 
tU3 pontiticis Roinani : cardinal -bishop, 
*episc6pu8 cardinalis : cardinal's hat, * ti- 
ara cardinalis : cardinalship, * dignitas car- 
dinalis : to be promoted to the cardinalship, 

* in sacrum purpuratorum collegium co- 
optari. 

CARDINAL, adj. Cardinal virtues, qua- 
tuor partes or ibntes honestatis ; quatuor 
partes, a quibus omnis honestas mauat : 
genera quatuor, ex quibus honestas ottici- 
umque nianat : quatuor loci, in quos ho- 
nosti natura vinque dividitur {Cic, Off., 1, 
C, 18, and 43, 152 ; 1, 18, 61 ; 3, 25, 96) : all 
morality springs from one or other of the 
cardinal virtues, omne, quod honestum 
est, id quatuor partium oritur ex aliqua 
{ibid., 1, 5, 14). 

CARE, s., cura ; diligentia ; curutio ali- 
cujus rei {the care, conduct, &c., of a 
thing). Care in a business, accuratio in 
aliqua re I'acienda. Acting with care, dili- 
gens. Made with care, accuratus. iVith 
care, accurate : the utmost, diligentissime, 
accuratissimc. tVithout care, sine cura or 
diligentid, soluta cura. To bestow care 
upon a thing, curam adhibere de re or in 
re, curara impendere roi. To undertake 
the c^re of a thing, curationem alicujus rei 
suscipere. The care of that lies upon me, 
illud est curationis meai. I have a care 
of that, illud mihi cura3 est To take care 
o/, curare ; procurare. Take care of your 
health, cura ut valeas. / wish you would 
have a care of that matter, illam rem velim 
curaj habeas. / commit it to your care, 
niando hoc tiiaj fidei or tibi. To bestow 
titc uimiist care upon a?iy thing, omni co- 
jritatiouo curaque incumbere in rem ; om- 
iies curas et cogitationes conferre in rem. 
II Concern, anxiety, cura; sollicitudo. 
To bring any body care, sollicitare ali- 
qucm ; curara, eoUicitudinem aflerre ali- 
cui ; solUcituiu habere aliquem. To be 
karag.^id with cares, curis angi : worn, cu- 
ria absumi or confici. To throw off all 
cares, curas abjicere. Pe without card 
noli laborare I bono sis anliio ! To be in 
can xnd anxiety, anxio et soUicito esse 
«2 



CARE 

animo. To free any body from care, libe- 
rare aliquem cura or soUicitudine ; sol- 
vere aliquem curis ; adimere alicui curas. 
II The object of care, cura. Thisismy 
care, hoc mihi curae est. || Caution, 
cautio, circumspectio. To have a care, 
cavere, ne, &c. ; videre, ne, &c. : of a 
thing, cavere aliquid, praicavere ab ali- 
qua re. 7'o act with care, omnia circum- 
spicere. To itse all possible care, omne 
genus cautionis adhibere. To take care 
for, consulere, prospicere, servire alicui 
rei ; providere aliquid or alicui rei, pfos- 
picere aliquid. 

CARE, r., grieve, soUicitudinem ha- 
bere, ftigritudine affici, se atiiictare. To 
care about a thing, laborare, solhcitum 
esse de re. || To care for a thing, attend 
to it, take care of it, regard it, labo- 
rare de aliqua re : curare aliquid ; curse 
mihi est aliquid ; alicujus rei rationem ha- 
bere or ducere ; aliquid respicere ; ali- 
cui rei prospicere. A'ot to care for, negli- 
gere, noo curare. To care for nothing at 
all, nihil omuino curare {of the gods) : so- 
luto et quieto esse animo {of men). To 
care about other men's business, aliena cu- 
rai'e. / caw not what others think, non 
cure, (/'iid a'.'; c<?nseant. fVhat care I 
about tliat matter ? quid mihi cum ilia re ? 
II To care for, i.e., regard, love, colere, 
diligere, magni facere. \\ I do not care 
(i. e., / would ralher not) : non euro {with 
infinitive). 

CAREEN, v., a ship : navem in latus in- 
clinare ad cariham reficiendam : navem 
nova fundare carina {Ovid., Pout., 4, 3, 5) : 
navis carinam denuo coUocare {Plant., 
Mil., 3, 3, 41). Careeni7ig, navis carinaj 
refectio. 

CAREER, curriculum ; stadium ; cir- 
cus ; cursus. Nature has given us a short 
career of life, an immense career of glory, 
cxiguum nobis vita; curriculum naturas 
circumscripsit, immensum glorias, Cic. 

CAREFUL, provident, cautious, 
cautus : providus : circumspectus : con- 
sideratus. Jn. cautus providusquc ; cau- 
tus ac dUigens : curiosus {applying minute 
care, especially in investigations ; of per- 
sons) : diligens {proceeding or made with 
exact attention, &c., of persons and things) : 
accui'atus {of things only, made with care). 
To be careful in any thing, curam adhibere 
de or in ahqua re : curiosum or diligentem 
esse in aliqua re : diligentiam adhibere 
ad aliquid or in aliqufl. re ; curam confer- 
re ad aliquid. {{Troubled, solhcitus : 
anxius. Jn. anxius ac sollicitus : cura et 
soUicitudine aftectus. 

CAREFULLY, adv., diligentcr ; pro- 
vide ; caute : curiose ; accurate {of things 
only) : to go carefully to work, circum- 
spectius facere aliquid : cautionem adhi- 
bere in aliqua re : very carefully, omne 
cautionis genus adhibere in aliqua re : to 
be careful in words and actions, circum- 
spicere dicta, factaque. 

CAREFULNESS, cura {opj/osed to levi- 
tas) : diligentia {opposed to negligentia). 
Jn. cura et diligentii : accw»-io in aliqua 
re facienda (' in in\ ei.Ieiidis componen- 
disque rebus ipira accuratio," Cic, 
Brut., 67, 238 . this is, ind-ecd, tlie only pas- 
sage, but why is not a single passage of 
Cicero enough ?) : sollicitudo {anxiety) : 
providentia {Jurethought) : circumspec- 
tio : cautio. (Cuvam ego verborum, re- 
rum volo esse soUicitudinem, Quint., 
8,20.) 

CARELESS, securus {unconcerned, 
from an opinion of safety) : imprudens 
i {from want of proper foresight, opposed to 
paratus) : socors {stupidly thoughtless) : 
incuriosus {wanting activity and proper 
care : indifferent) : the enemy being thus 
rendered the more careless, suddenly meet 
the Consul Lu.crctius, eo solutiore curi 
hostes in Lucretimn incidunt consulem : 
ncgligens {opposed to diligens) : in aliqvi4 
re ncgligens ac dissolutus ; parum accu- 
ratus : careless in house-keeping, dissolu- 
tus ac ncgligens in re familiari : careless in 
dress, cultus coriJoris parum accuratus. 

CARELESSLY, sine cura ; secure ; in- 
curiose {post-Augustan) : negligenter : 
dissolute {in a careless, expensive way) : 
indilieenter. 

C.4RI:;LESSNESS, securitas {freedom 



CARO 

from care and from fear of danger) : im- 
prudentia {want of foresight) : socordia 
{want of thought, observation, &c.) : incn- 
ria {want of activity and good heed : iji dif- 
ference) : negligentia {negligence and in- 
difference). Carelessness in dress, cultus 
corporis parum accuratus. Thejire is the 
result of carelessness, negligentia aliquft 
incendii casus oritur {Paul, JDig.) : of care- 
lessness on the part of the inhabitants, in- 
cendiimi culpi fit inhabitantium {Paul., 
Dig-). Carelessness in writing letters, neg- 
ligentia epistolarum {the writing seldom) : 
indiligentia literarum {negligciLce in the 
composition of letters). 

CARESS, blandiri alicui {with words or 
gestures), permulcere ahquem ; permul- 
cere aliquem manu {to stroke with the 
hand) : amplexari et osculari aliquem {to 
clasp and kiss) : palpare, or palpari {to 
stroke gently). 

CARESSES, blanditias ; blandimenta, 
to load with caresses, multa blandimenta 
alicui dare. || Embrace, amplexus: com- 
plexus. 

CARGO, onus navi impositum : from 
context onus only. To discharge her car- 
go, navem exonerare. # 

CARICATURE, vultus in pejus fictus 
{ugly, distorted likeness, Hor.) : to make a 
caricMure of any body, imaginem alicujus 
lasoivia jocorum proponere ridentium 
circulis {Plin., 36, 5, 4; 7w. 2, § 12). 
[Kraft gives pictura prajter modum de- 
fprmis.] 

* CARICATURE, v. Vid. " make a carica- 
ture." 

CARICATURIST, circumlocution, *qui 
alicujus or alicujus rei fictam in pejus im- 
aginem proponit ridentium circulis. 

CARIES, ossium vitiatorum caries. 

CARIOUS, carie infectus ; cariosus. A 
carious bone, os carie infectum. 

CARK, ffigritudinem suscipere ex re; 
moerore confici ; moerore Be conficere : 
carking cares, sollicitudines mordaccs 
{Hor.. Od., i., 18, 4). 

carle;, homo agrestis. Vid. Churl. 

CARMAN, rei vehicularise magister; 
carri ductor. 

CARMELITE, * (monachus) carmeUta, 
8B {a white friar). 

CARMINATIVE, quod inflationem le- 
vat, discutit. 

CARMINE, coccum : adjective coccine- 
us {of a crimson color). 

CARNAGE, cwdes ; trucidatio (non 
pugna erat, sed trucidatio velut peco- 
rum) : the carnage is universal, caidea 
omnia obtiuet : to make a carnage, catdem, 
or stragem edere, or facere : ingenti csEde 
hostes prostemere : aliquem ad inteme- 
cionem caidere. 

CARNAL, voluptarius {in a less evil 
sense) : hbidinosus {without restraint) : ad 
voluptates propensus ; voluptatibus or re- 
bus venereis deditus ; libidinum plenus : 
libidine accensus {where a single instance, 
and not a habit, is implied) : impudicus 
{without shame) : a carnal life, vita libidi- 
nosa ; vita libidinibus dedita, or in libidi- 
nes elfusa : to be carnal, libidini deditum 
esse ; libidinum plenum esse. 

CARNALITY, Ubido ; voluptatis studi- 
um. 

CARNALLY, libidinoso : to be carnally- 
minded, hbidinibus servire. 

CARNATION, candor camosus {Plin., 
11, 37, 54) : camis color. i| The flower, 
dianthus caryophyllus {Linn.). 

CARNEOUS, camosus {applied to 
fruits). 

CARNIVAL, * Saturnalia, quibus per- 
Eonati discurrunt homines: to celebrate 
carnival, perhaps * ante jejunia annua 
comissari. [Georges gives Libero patri 
operari.l 

CARNIVOROUS, qui came, or cami- 
bus, vescitur : camivorus {Plin., 9, 24, 40, 
and 10, 73, 93). 

CARNOSITY {a fleshy excrescence), pol. 
ypus, polypus carnosus : he who has it, 
polyposus {Mart., 12, 37, 2). 

CAROL, *cantus lastus {song of joy)-. 
hymnus {to the Deity). {{Song, Vid, 
cantilena; canticum; cantio. 

CAROL, cantare : in praise of anv 
body, alicujus laudes cantu prosequi. Vid. 
Sing. 



C ARB, 

CAltOnSAL,coaiis3atio : ^^campo- 
tatio used in several passages of Gc^ but 
onif as a tran^atiou of the Greek avian- 
nov, neeer as a Raman expression. 

CAROOSE, potare, comissari : wkole 
dat/s, totos dies potare or perpotare : for 
teceral days together, diem noctemqae 
continuare potando : till evening, perpo- 
tare ad Tespemin. 

CARP, cyprinua (PUn., 9, 16, 25, 
Hard.) : cypiinns carpio (Linn.) : young 
carp, ietaa cyprinoruin : a pond for carp, 
cyprinoruin piBcina. 

CARP AT, carpere : Tellicare : maledi- 
co ore Tellicare {maiidottsltf). To carp at 
indirecxbf, aiiqaem obliquia oratiomboB 
carpere : aliquem obliqae perstringere ; 
jacolari in aliqaeiii obiiqnis sententiis ; 
CBTiIlari aliquem or aUqiud: tke soldiers 
carped at Sabinus, Sabinos mititoTn voci- 
bns carpebatnr : to carp at etery body, die- 
teria dicere in omnes: to carp at every 
thing, omnia in viuom vertere ; to carp at 
bitterly, acerbis facetiia aliquem irridere. 
CARPENTEK, faber tignarius, or ma.- 
teiiarius (tts a norker in wood): faber 
ffidium (as employedin buHding). A ship- 
carpenter, faber naralis. The guild of 
carpenters, collegium fitbrorom tignario- 
rum (laser.). 

CARPENTRY, || the art, febrica ma- 
teriaria (PUn., 7, 56^ 57, § 198) ; opera fe- 
brili3 (Sen., Benef., 6, 38, 3). 

CARPER, reprehensor ; Tituperator ; 
objurgator; casti gator (tit single instan- 
ces) : homo TninimA re ad reprehendsn- 
dum contentuB (the habitual carper) : irri- 
sor; irndens (one who makes kimsetf merry 
with carping at persons and things) : cav- 
inatDr (one who avails himself of the merest 
fuQMes in carping): deriaor; deridens 
(who carps insultingly) : inisor petnlans 
(vio carps pertly). 

CARPET, v., tapete or -ia stemere, in- 
stemere. 

CARPET, tapea (rdnrO> or, Latiniad, 
tapetum (a carpet, commonly shaggy, and 
intencoven with different colors and figures, 
to adorn walls, tables, beds,fioors, and also 
horses) : periatroma, atis, n. (-rtfiarptiiiia), 
or, in pure Latin, stragulum ; peripetasma, 
atis, n. .- to bring on the carpA, commem- 
orare aliquid, mentionem ^cujus rei fa- 
cere, inferre, injicere: movere or com- 
morere aliquid (to start ; e. g-, nora qu»- 
dam) : injicere aliquid (in sennone) : in 
medium proferre aliquid (to bring it for- 
ward), is. commemorare et in medium 
proferre : to bring a subject often on the 
carpet, mentionem alicujus rei agitare; 
crebro or crebria sermonibns nsurpare 
aliquid : a subject was brought on the Car- 
pet, incidit sermo de aliqu^ re. 

CARRIAGE, yectio, gestatio: portatio 
(flsan act ; Sirs, under Cakbt) : vectura 
(also money paid for carriage ; also yec- 
turse pretiusB). To pay for the carriage, 
pro vectura solvere : || vehicnlam (of any 
sort) : cumis (with wkeds, and formed for 
rapid motion) : chiramaxium (for children 
to be drawn by the hand, Poron., 28, 4) : 
carpestam (one of the most ancient car- 
riaga, ornamented, for ladies) : currus ar- 
cnaia* (• carriage with an arched covering, 
for tie Flamines, Liv., 1, 21) : pilentum 
(a iofhf fawr-wkeded carriage for matrons, 
tvhen they emrried with them the vessels used 
in sacred rttcs, Serv.) : tensa, or thensa (a 
fouT-whe^ed carriage, on which the images 
.of the gods were carried in the Ludi Cir- 
ceaees unth eushians, pulrinaria) : cisium 
(« two-wheeled carriage for fast travelling, 
a eabrioleC) : rheda (a Gallic word ; a 
larger four-wheeled carriage, to contain 
several persons with their luggage). 
B Gait, inceseus. 

CARRIER, qui affert, defert, perfert, 
&C. : tabellarius (a letter-carrier) : ^mlus 
(fl porter) : aquarius (o water-earner). A 
carrier pigeon, * columba tabeUaria. 

CARRION, cadaver ; often apressed by 
morticinus with a s idnt ant vce ; as, ovis 
morticina, carrion sheep: looking like car- 
rion is expressed by cadaverosos : the 
smeU of carrion, cadareris or cadaverom 
•dor. 
CARROT, daueua satirus (Linn.). 
CARROTINESS, rufus color. 
CARROTY, nifos : amvty-hairtd, ca- 



CABT 

pillo mfo (at ugly : capillo nUilo lmjilu» 
beauty). 

CARRY, sustinere (to lift up and re- 
main stationary) : ferre (to carry, a* a 
load) : bajulare (to carry on the sh ou l de r, 
as a pack) : portare (to transport from one 
place to another) : gerere ; gestare (to car- 
ry about, whether on the back, or in the 
arms, or hand) : rehere ; vectare (to con- 
vey by means of beasts or daees, whether 
persons or things, from one pUiee to an- 
other) : to carry a boy in the arms, in ma- 
nibns gestare puerom : to carry loads tm 
the back, as bea^s of burden, onera dorso 
gerere sicut jumenta : to be carried through 
the city in a litter, lecticd ferri or portari, 
gestari or vefai per urbem : my feet carry 
me of their own accord to your room, ad 
diaetam tuam ipa me pedes ducunt (Plin., 
Ep., 7, 5, 1) : to carry one's all with one, 
omnia sua secnm portare : to carry home, 
domum ferre : to carry onis self home, or 
make on/fs self scarce, domum se auferre 
(Com.) : to carry to the grave, funere ef- 
ferre, or merely eSerre : a gun carries far, 
e tormento tela longlsame mitti possunt : 
to carry a gold ciom, aoreo torque oma- 
tom esse : to carry a sword, gladio clnc- 
tum or euccinctum esse : to carry a point, 
adipisci ; assequi ; consequi : to carry 
on^s self honorably, honeste se gerere : 
to carry to account, in rationem inducere, 
or merebf infene or inducere. || Ca&kt 
AWAT, abducere, dedncere ; avehere, de- 
vehere (by any conveyance) : vi abducere ; 
vi abstrahere (by force) : mrto subdncere 
(by stealth) : to be carried atcay by the 
stream, vi flnminis abreptun)^ esse. || Cab- 
by OFF (^ destroy). [VM. Destbot.] 
H Cabbt OCT or THBOC6H, ad finem per- 
ducere ; absolvere ; exsequL || Cabbt on 
an art or profession, artem exercere ; fac- 
titare: to carry oav^qririt^onmi studio 
incumbere in aliquid; diHgenter persequi 
quod ; summ& indnstiia versari in re. 
II Cabby oteb, transportare ; transvehere 
(by land or water) : transmittere ; trajice- 
re (by water). || To carry a point, vincere : 
to carry the day, victoriam consequi or 
adipisci; victoriam reportare; snperio- 
rem or victorem discedere ; palmam fer- 
re ; victoriam referre (ex aliquo) ; victo- 
riam reportare ab or de aliquo. Pbov. 
to carry coals to Newcastle, ligna in silvam 
ferre : a dang to atremities, ultima expe- 
riri: a thing too far, modnm excedere iu 
re: wtUer through any bodies land, aqaam 
per fundum alicujus ducere: any body's 
demands to any body, alicujus ad aliquem 
postnlata deferre : to carry a town by as- 
sault, urbem vi or per vim expugnar.'! ; 
vi or impetn capere : to carry it high, on* 
with a htgh hand, insolentem, superbum, 
&c, se gerere : to carry a bill through, le- 
gem periferre : rogationem perferre. 

Ci^T, carrus or carrom (a four-wheeled 
wagon, for baggage of war) : plaustrum 
(with two or four wheds,for burden of all 
sorts) : plosteQnm (little cart ; also a play- 
cart for children) : vehiculum (general 
term) : to put the cart before the horse, prae- 
postere or perturbato ordine agere (cum 
aliquo). What can be mare completely put- 
ting the cart before the horse '! quid tam 
perversum prseposterumque excogitari 
potest! (Cic). Don't put the cart before 
the horse, (videndum est) ne quid pertur- 
batum aut discrepans aut pra^posterum 
sit (de.). \\A child's cart, chiramaxi- 
nm (Paron.). 

CART, v., plaustro vehere or tnvehere 
(carry in a cart) : in plaustrum imponere 
(put into). To be carted, plaustro vehi or 
invehi. 

CART-GREASE, axungia. 
CART-HORSE, eqaus vectuarius (gen- 
eral term for horse that dratcs : after 
Schneider's conjecture on Varr., R. R.,%1, 
15, asftoT neither vectarius nor vectorius is 
suitable) : jumentnm (any beast of burden 
or far draught) : cabaUus (any horse for 
common use or labor). 

CART- HOUSE (or shbd), * receptacu- 
lum vehiculorum or plaustrorum. 

CARTE-BLANCHE, Ucenda. To give 

any body carle-blanche, infinitamlicentirm 

alicui dare, largiri or permittene : potes- 

tatem alicui fecere, concedere. 

1 CARTEL, [I stipulation for ex- 



CA8S 

change of prisoners, pactkt de cqid 
▼is et transfo^ permutandis. H Hostilt 
message, * merm (ad certamen aingnlare) 
provocantea. 

CARTER plaustraiins (Ulp., Dig.). 
CARTILAGE, cartilago. 
CARTILAGINOUS, caitflaginosas (hav- 
ing ntudt cartilage) : caitilagineus (fiks 
cartHag^. 

CARTODCH, *emboIorum theca (ear- 
tridgeiox). 

CARTRIDGE, * embolua (technical 
term). Cartridge-box, * embolorum theca. 
CARTULARY, tabulinum or tablinnm 
(place in a Roman house where papers 
were kept) : tabularium (place wherr public 
records are kept: later archivum : archi- 
om: grammatDphylacion). 

CART-WRIGHT, planstrarius artifex 
(Jate) : vehicnlarins ailiiex (general term). 
CARVE, coBlare (from sm^oi : to work 
figures in relief on wtdtals, especully sHver, 
ivory, &c ; also m wood, Virg. .- Freund 
writes cffilare) : scalpare : scnlpere (the 
former of work but Uttle raited, like lUtv : 
the latter like yXv^ciy, of works in half or 
uAoU relief. So MiUer, ArchaoL, lOB) : 
insculpere : acribere : inscribere (o/ cut- 
ting inser^tions). To carve aw/ thxng in 
gold, ahqoid aoro or in aoro coelare : to 
carve in stone, aliquid e sazo sculpere or 
ezscolpere : to carr« tit wtarble, to carve 
Motiies »i aiarftb, scalpere marmora ( Cic) : 
to carve flowers, scalpere flores (Vitr.). 
To carve any thing on a tree or wood, a&- 
quid in robore insculpere. j| To carve 
meat, secare : scindere (a whole animal) : 
in frusta excutere (of dividing into imatt 
portions what had been partially carved. 
Sen.) : carpere (of dividing into portioni 
with the fingers, Petr.). || To carve out a 
way or passage with tm^s rword,ieTTO sibi 
viam &cere. \\Apportion or arrange 
arbitrarily for orufs self aliquid sita 
arripere : *aliquas res, prout libet (or ad 
arbitrium suum, ad Ubidlnem. &c.) descri- 
bere ac disponere : to carve secundum ar- 
tem, certis ductibus circumferre manum 
eruditam (Sen.) : to carve well, decenter 
secare ahq^iid (e. g., altilia. Sen.). 

CARVEL, navicDJa : parvulum navigi- 
nm (general term) : knunculus (a small 
bark) : actoaiiolum (a small, lowiuHt and 
light vatd, with sails and oars). 

CARVER, II at table, scissor : carptoi 
(general term) : chironomon (xuPovoiiiv . 
so far as he does it with flourishes of the 
hand, &c ; tometiates to music Vid, P»- 
tron., 36, 6) : stmctor (he who lays out the 
table, since he was oftan also the carver) : 
qui opaonium carpit (who is ac t ual ly carv- 
ing). ^Sculptor, Vui. 

CARVING, coelatura: scnlptnra: scalp- 
tura (Syk. m Cabve]. H As thing, coe- 
laroen (Oc.) : signum (any ^astic work ; 
opposed to btbulse, picturae). [Vid. Stat- 
xm.] fiAct of carving meat, Su^dr- 
cianloention by verbs under Cabye. 

CARUNCLE, caruncula (Cic) : aarcd- 
ma, alia. 

CARYATES, ?„ «, 

CARYATIDES, ^^WTanles. 
CASCADE, wa(er-/all,dejectns aqn» 
(a piaee where the water ac trj oUy falls) : 
aqua ex edito desilientes (fallingfrom » 
keight, PUn., J^, 5, 6, 23 ; vid. § 3/ a»- 
sorption of an artificial water-fall) : ^^ 
cataracta (only of the cataracts oftht 
NiU). 

CASE, llcoeerin^, Six., Aeca (gener- 
al term ; e. g.,ofa razor) : vagina (sheath, 
for along cutting or sticking tnttmmenC): 
involocrum (wrapper, covering; e. g-,of 
a ^udd, papers, &c.). H Aate of things, 
casus (but always in the meaning of acci- 
dental drcumstanee, cataalty, £c: hence 
" in such a case* mutt not be hoc casu, in 
hoc casn) : res (thing, drcumMance, £c. ; 
espedally of the happening, Sio., of a case): 
causa (special case that is also a cause or 
ground ; as in Cic, Off., 3. 12. 50, incidunt 
sspe causffi, quum repu^nare utilitas 
hoaestati videtur): locus (a position, a 
consideration, a portion of a whole subject, 
as in cui loco— consnhte ac providete, 
Cic, 1 FoT_ 15, 43): t^npus: occaaia 
(oc-asion ; mate of things at anji time). 1 
Kire often been in this case, ahquoties eai»- 
j.-m rem expertos sum ; aliqiwties ^tat 
83 



CASH 

mihi accidit (evenit) : the case often oc- 
curs, res sajpe accidit, usu venit ; that, 
&.C., siepe accidit, ut, &c. : if the case 
should occur, si usus veniat or venerit ; 
si (juando usus esset ; si casus incident 
(^B'llij Plane, in Cic., Ep., 10, 21, 13) : (^spe- 
cial) cases often occur, &c., ssepe incidunt 
causfB or tempora: the case may occur, 
fieri potest, usu venire potest: the case 
can not occur, non potest accidere tem- 
pus 1 this was seldom the case, hoc raro in- 
cidebat. In any case, utcunque res ceci- 
derit {however it may turn out) : certe : 
profccto (at all events) : in case of necessi- 
ty, si quid facto opus esset (e'i tl (5f'oi ; vid. 
CiLS., B. G., 1, 42) : m an urgent case, in 
a case of extrctne necessity, necessario tem- 
pore (CVs., B. G., 7, 40, med.). In good 
case (fat, well-liking), nitidus, pinguis, 
&c. To be in good case, nitere, nitidum, 
or pinguem esse : to be prepared for every 
possible case, ad omnera eventum, or ad 
omnes casus paratum esse : in any body's 
case, in aliquo (e. g., in the case of the 
Nervii, in Ner^iis) : in no case, neutiquam : 
omnino non : nullo modo : nullam in par- 
tem : to find one's self in such a case, in ctl 
esse conditione : in the same case, in ea- 
dem esse conditione : if I were in that 
case, isto loco si essem : his is a different 
case, who, &c., alia causa est ejus, qui, 
&c. : that is not the case, that is another 
case, alia res est ; aliud est : is not this the 
case in every nation ? an hoc non ita fit 
in omni populo ? To suppose a case, or 
the case, tingere ; facere ; jjonere : lit us 
suppose the case, that, &c., fingamus (faci- 
amus, &c.) rem ita esse. Supposing the 
case that, quo (hoc) posito {nofposito only). 
\\In case that {=z"on the supposition 
that;" "if"), si, also si est, ut, &c. (Vorst., 
De Lat., falso susp.) : si forte : even in 
casc,6z.c .etiamsi (icui ti : etiamsi=:£i /coi)- 
\\In grammar, casus. For particular cases, 
vid. Nominative, &c. || Medical case, 
morbus ; aigrotatio : causa (technical term 
in medicine). \\ Judicial case, causa, 
y Cases of conscience, quajstiones de 
moribus : *officia hominis Christiani in 
locis dubiis. To determine cases of con- 
science, * explicare quajstiones de mori- 
bus : * officia hominis Christiani in locis 
dubiis dijudicare. 

CASE, v., condere, rccondere aliquid 
in aliquem rem (to put it into for the pur- 
pose of keeping it there ; e. g., gladium in 
vaginam recondere, also gladium condere 
OtUy) : tegere (general term for cover) : 
obtegere : contegere : iutegere : prote- 
gere (cover over) : obducere aliquid aUcui 
rei (to draw one thing over another; to 
coat one thing with another). To be cased 
with a bark, obduci cortice. Nature has 
cased the eye with membranes, natura ocu- 
los membranis sepsit et munivit. A col- 
umn cased with gold, columna extrinsecus 
Inaurata (Cic). 

C.iSE-HARDEN, no special term : * ex- 
ternas alicujus rei partes durare or indu- 
rare : * aliquid extrinsecus durare, or in- 
durare. 

CASEMATE, *cella tormentaria. 

C ASE^ilEiiT, no special term : vid. Win- 
dow. 

CASH, pecunia pnesens or numcrata : 
Hummi prajsentes or numcrati (ready 
money) : also nummus only (especially 
when there is any opposition ; as in pra^dia 
locare non nummo sed partiljus). Cash 
payment, reprssentatio, with or without 
pc cuniiB : to pay in cash, prajscnti pecu- 
nia, or numurato solvere ; pecuniam re- 
pra^scntare : to pay any body in hard cash, 
m i)i>cunia alicui satisfacere : to sell for 
cash, pr^iisenti pecunia vendere (die ocu- 
l«ta ^•^'ndere, proverb in Plant) : to be sold 
for cash, pne.senti pecunisL venire. Vid. 
Money. 

CASII-KEEPER, ? exactor pecunia- 

CASIIlEll, J rum (w?io collects 

sums due) : * custos wecxniarum (keeper 
of the chest). 

CASHIER, v., loco suo aliquem mo- 
vere (general term) : removere, abmo- 
verc, or submovere aliquem a munere 
(especially from a public office, public) : 
abolere alicui masristratum (a magistrate) : 
to cashier a soldier, ahquem militia sol- 
Vfre. 



CAST 

CASING. Vid. Case= cocerira^. 

CASINO, conventiculum, circulus. 

CASK, cadus : dohum : seria. Vid. 
Barrel. 

CASKET, arcula : capsula : capsella : 
cistula : cistellula. Syn. in Box. 

CASQUE, galea. 

CASSATION, abolitio : antiquatio (e. g., 
poenffi) : inductio. 

CASSEROLLE, perhaps sartago. 

CASSIA, * cassia cathartica. 

CAST, v., jacere — ^jactare (to cast re- 
peatedly or constantly) : mittere (to send 
from one's hand) : jaculari (to hurl from 
the hand) : conjicere (to hurl, with especial 
reference to hitting an object ; often at the 
same time with others : also, to throw into a 
place ; as, milites in locum ; aliquem in 
vincula) : injicere (to cast into) : into any 
thing, alicni rei or in aliquid. To cast 
any thing at any body, aliquem petere 
aliqua re (e. g., with an apple, malo). To 
cast stones, lapides jacere : at any body, 
lapides mittere or conjicere in aliquem : 
lapidibus petere aliquem ; lapidibus ali- 
quem prosequi (to persecute him by hurl- 
ing stones at him) : to cast stones at one 
another, * alter alterum lapidibus petit : 
to cast any thing at any body's head, in 
caput alicujus aliquid jaculari : money into 
the sea, pecuniam in mare jubere niergi : 
to cast a cloak about one, pailium circum- 
jicere : to cast a light, lucem mittere (e. g., 
luna mittit lucem in terram) : to cast one's 
eyes at any thing, oculos conjicere ad or 
in aliquid : blame on any body, aliquem 
reprehendere (de or in aliqua re) ; ali- 
quem vituperare de aliqua re [vid. Blame, 
V.]. To cast a nativity, animadvertere et 
notare sidera natalicia ; fata per genituras 
interpretari (after Ammian.) : any body's 
nativity, praedicere et notare vitam alicu- 
jus ex natali die (after Cic, De Divin., 2, 
42, init.) : to cast one's teeth, dentes cadunt, 
decidual or excidunt: fnthirs, *plunias 
mutare : otters skin, pellem exuere ; ver- 
nationem or senectam exuere (of ser- 
pents) : a stumbling-block in the way, ira- 
pedimentum alicui afferre, or inferre ; ob- 
stare alicui ; impedire aliquem : dust in 
any body's eyes, alicui fumum facere ; 
glaucomam ob oculos objicere, nebulas 
cudere (Com.) : in the eyes of one's hear- 
ers, verborum et argutiaruin fuliginem 
ob oculos audientiura jacere (Gell.) : to 
cast any thing in any body's teeth [vid. 
Cast against] : to cast one's self on the 
earth, procumbere humi, ad terram pro- 
jici (both also of falling unintentionally) : 
at any body's feet, se ad alicujus pedes 
pl..jicere or abjicere; or se alicui ad pe- 
des projicere or abjicere (e. g., se Cffisari 
ad pedes projicere) : [lots, aitchor, an ac- 
count, &c., vid. those words]. |{ To cast 
(i. e., form by pouring fused metal into a 
mold), fundere : of any thing, ex aliqua 
re : fingere (general term for forming by 
a plastic method). || Cast about, jactare 
(toss hither and thither) : dispergere (.scat- 
ter: per): ^^consider, vid. \\ To be 
cast, in a lawsuit, causa cadere : to cast, 
damnarc, condemnare (of the judges). 
II Cast against, objicere aliquid alicui 
rei (:=reproach with any tiling) : objice- 
re "f-j. proper word) : exprobrare : oppro- 
brare: objiirgare aliquem de sJiqui re: 
aliquid crimini dare alicui. || Cast away, 
abjicere, projicere (e. p., anna) : om's 
shield, scutum e manu emittere : money, 
pecuniam profundere : one's self, se abji- 
cere (in a moral sense; not se projicere, 
which is "to run headlong into danger") : 
se prfficipitare, or pra;cipitare only, or 
prajcipitari in exitiuin (rush to destruc- 
tion) : to be cast away (^^ suffer shiptcreck), 
naufragium facere. || Cast back, reji- 
cere. |1 Cast down : (1) phopr., affligo- 
re terrie or ad terram : sternere, proster- 
nere : one's eyes, oculos in terram dcmit- 
tere or dcjicere ; oculos dcjic<!re : terram 
intueri : before any body, alicui oculos 
submittcre : modestly, terram modeste 
intueri: (2) Fio., dishearten, affligerc : 
any body, aliquem or alicujus animum af- 
fligere ; alicujus animum frangero or in- 
fringere. i| Cast forth, jacgre : cjiccrc. 
II Cast in or into, injicere aliquid alicui 
rii or in aliquid: into prison, in custodi- 
am dare : in vincula conjici^rc : a sleep, 



CAST 

Bopire, consopire: alicui somnum affer- 
re, parere, conciliare : in one's mind, co 
gitare cum, or in animo, or aliquid, or de 
aliqujl re : considerare in animo cunn 
animo, secum ; or only considerare ali- 
quid or de aliqujl re : aliquid agitare men- 
te, animo, or in niente or cum animo : 
perpendere, pensitare aliquid : secum or 
cum animo reputare aliquid. || Cast 
OFF, ponere : deponere (lay dovm. or 
aside) : exuere (put off) : abjicere (throw 
away). To cast off clothes, vestem pone 
re, deponere, abjicere (which one has 
thrown off: vestem deponere also of re- 
jecting as worn out) : vestem exuere 
(which one has pulled off) : human feeling, 
omnem humanitatem exuere : a servant, 
dimittere ahquem : the dogs, canibus vin 
cla demere (Ov.) : canes immittere or in- 
stigare (in feras). || Cast out, abigere 
(drive off) : pellere, depellere : propcUe- 
re : proturbare (one who is forcing him- 
self in) : expellere : extrudere : exturbare 
(out of a place) : exterminare (ex) urbe, 
de civitate (of driving him out of the Urn.- 
its of a city or state) : out of a house, iili- 
quem domo ejicere ; aliquem foras ex- 
trudere : out of a city, ex urbe ejicere : 
devils, deemonas adjuratione divini nomi- 
nis expellere ac fugare (Lact.). \\ Cast 
up : PROPK., sublime jacere (after Plin., 
11, 2, 1, § 4) : earth, terram adaggerare : 
earth about a tree, arborem aggerare : a 
mound, aggerem jacere, exstruere : a ball, 
pilam in altura mittere : one's eyes, ocu- 
los tollere : an account, computare aliquid 
or rationem alicujus rei [vid. Account]. 
Fig., vomit, evomere, exspuere [vid. 
VomitJ. II Cast upon : propr., super- 
injicere ; gravel on the road, glared super- 
struere viam. Fig., trust to, fidere or 
confidere alicui, or alicui rei, or ahqud re : 
niti aliqua re : one's hope upon any body, 
spem ponere, reponere, constituere in 
aliquo : blame on any body, culpam in ali- 
que.m conferre, conjicere : from one's self, 
culpam in aliquem transferre, || Cast- 
ing vote, perhaps * sutfragium or punc- 
tum decretorium : * vox decretoria. 

CAST, s., throw, jactus : missus : jacu- 
latio : conjcctio (e. g., telorum) [Syn. in 
Cast, v.] ictus (a successful cast, a hit). 
A stone's cast, lapidis jactus or conjectus 
(e. g., extra lapidis, teli, &c., jactum or 
conjectum esse : a cast of dice, jactus or 
missus talorum or tesserarum. Syn. in 
Die, Dice, where the names of the casts 
will be found). \\ Risk, venture, alea : 
to venture any thing at a cast, aliquid in 
aleam dare (properly and figuratively) : 
alicjuid in discrimcn committere, vocare, 
delcrre, or adducere : aliquid discrimini 
committere : often by agitur aliquid or de 
aliqu& re (any thing is at stake) : or by 
dimicare de aliqua re. My life is ven- 
tured upon the cast, de vitd dimico : de 
vita in discrimen vocor : to be brought to 
the last cast, in ultimum discrimen adduci 
(to be brought into the greatest danger) : 
ultima audere, experiri; ad extrtma or 
ad ultimum auxilium descendere (to be 
trying one's last chance). It is our last 
chance, ad e.xtroma perventum est ; res 
est ad extremum pcrducta ca.sum. 
II Molded figure, signum : imago 
ficta : simulacrum fictile : figura fictilis 
(if of clay or plaster) : signum aeneum • 
signum ex tere factum or exprcssum (if 
of brass). \\ Form, imago, species, for- 
ma. Jn. species et forma : infonnatio. 
II Cast of the eyes, limi or ptrverai 
oculi : to have a cast with one's eye, limis 
or perversis oculis esse ; strabont m esse 
\\ Trick, ars: artificium. \\ Shade of 
color : to have a cast of black, nigricare 
(to be blackish) : iiigrescere (to become 
black) : of violet, in violam vergero, vio- 
1am sentire, in violam desinere (Plin.). 
White with a cast of violet, candidus coloi 
violam sentiens (Plin.). || Body of men, 
&c., corpus. The military or sacerdotal 
cast, corpus militum or sacerdotuni : or 
only milites, sacerdotes. The spirit of 
cast, mostly by spiritus, with an adjrctive 
describing the cast ; e. g., of the patricians, 
spiritus patricii (Liv.). Impropr., genus : 
farina. He is of our cast, est nostra; Inri- 
nse (i. e., as bad as we ore, Pers.) : of tin 
same cast, ojusdem generis or furinse. 



CAT A 

CASTANET, crotalum. 

CASTAWAY, damnatus (condemned; 
ktnir^ also, reprobate, vile : quia te miseri- 
or 1 quia te damnatior ? * Cic, Pis^ 40, 
extr.) : profligatus : perditas (flbandonett). 
is. protligatos et perditua : sceleratos. 
\iSkipKrecked, vid. 

CASTELLAIN, castelli prasfectus : 
* custos conclavium arcis {if only the su- i 
perintendent of the rooms, &.C.). 

CASTER, II one icho tkrotet, jacu- 
lator (one vho hurls ; e. g^ fhlminis) : 
drcumiocution leith verbs uwier Cast, qui 
jpicit, ifec. jt^" Conjector is one itho con- 
jectures, dirtnes, &c. jjOne who cal- 
culates fortunes, conjector. || Wheel 
under chairs, Sec, rotula. To put a 
caster on any thing, rotulam alicui rei 
•ubjicere. 

CASTIGATE, castigare (with a view to 
amendment) : punire (as a penal retribu- 
tion). Vid. Punish. 

CASTIGiiTION, castigatio (chastise- 
ment which may sense to improve the indi- 
vidual ; especially a rebuke) : poena (for 
the general good). Sue. Vid. PuNlSH- 

JIENT. 

CASTIG.4TOR, castigator. 

CASTIGATORY, castigatorius (Plin.). 

CASTING-NET, fiinda: jaculum: rete 
(general term for net: diminutive, reticu- 
lum). » 

CAST IRON, * ferrum fusum. 

CASTLE, arx (on on eminence, anffybr- 
tijied) : castmm (fort : rare) : castellum 
(small fort, fort). Governor of a castle, 
*castelli preefectua. Castles in the air, 
BomQia. To build castles in the air, som- 
nia sibi fingere (Lucr.) : in acre piscari 
(Plautus, according to Riddle). 

CASTOR, castor (xdaTuip) : later fiber, 
Plin, jy Accusative, castora in Juv. 

CA3TRAMETATION, * ars castra ine- 
tandL 

CASTRATE, virilitatem alicui adime- 
re, excidere, or exaecare. 1^°" Castrare, 
evirare, eunuchare, belong rather to the 
language of low comedy. 

CASUAL. Vid. Accidental. 

CASU.4LLY. Vid. "by accident," 
under Accident. 

C.45UALTY, casus : res fortuita: even- 
tns. To be erposed to many casualties', 
enb casibus tnultis esse. 

CASUAEY, * struthio casuarius (Lin- 
mtus). 

CASUIST, *qui qusstiones de mori- 
bns (hominis Christiani) explicate *qui 
officia bominis Christiani in locis dubiia 
dijudicaL 

CiiSUISTRY, by clreumlocution, to be 
skilled in casuistry, * qusstiones de niori- 
bus optime judicare. || Sophistry, con- 
clusiuncula fallax (a piece of sophistry) : 
captio dialectica. To defeat any body's 
casuistry, sophisma dfluere; captionem 
repellere, discutere. 

CAT, felis, felea. Tom-eat, * felia maa. 
Cat-like, * feli similis : adv., * more felis. 
To live like col and dog, perpetuis inter 
«e jurgiis certare : * tanta est alicui cum 
aliquo discordia, quanta canibus felibus- 
qne eortito obtigit (after Uar., lupia et ag- 
nis quanta sortito obtigit. Tecum mihi 
discordia est). || Three-footed sup 
port, tripns, 6dis. || Cat-o'-nine-tails, 
flagram : flagellnm (whip of single thongs ; 
when furnished with iron spikes, Scorpio, 
Isid., Orig., 5, 27. Scutica was of thongs 
woven together). To flog with a cat-o'- 
nine-tails, flagria or flagellis csedere : to 
death, aliquem flagellis ad mortem caede- 
re (Hot., Sat., 1, 2, 12). 

C.4T.\C0MBS, puticnli ; * catacnmbse. 

CATALOGUE, index (catalogus, late) : 
of a library, index bibliothecse or libro- 
rum (Sen., Tranq., 9, 4 ; Qutnt., 10, 1, 57) : 
of an auction, tabula rerum venalium. 

CATAPLASM, cataplasms (general 
term) : malagma (emollient application). 
Warm cataplasms, cataplasmata calida. 

CATAPULT, catapulta. 

CATARACT, cataracta (only of the 
Ifile). Vid. Watekpali,. 

C.4T.ARRH, epiphora (txiifopo) or (in 
later writers) catarrhus (xaTapfiov!) : in 
pure Latin, destillatio. To be suffering 
from a catarrh, epiphori opprimi or * la- 
horsre. I 



GATE 

CATARRHAL. * catarrhalja. A catar- 
rhal fever, febris catarrhalis. 

CATASTROPHE, catastropha (turn or 
development of an action, Petron., 54, 3) : 
fortunaj vicissitudo or commutatio (change 
of fortune) : exitua (catastrophe of a dra- 
matic piece, &c.). 

CATCH, v., capere (also, figuratitely, 
to ensnare by deceit or captivate by attrac- 
tions) : comprehendere (seize : a thief) : 
accipere : excipere (catch ; e. g^ a hall ; 
excipere, especially when it was throw» «p 
high) : legere (pCck up ; e. g., oysters) : 
decipere : circumvenire (catch by deceit). 
To try to catch, captare (e. g., flies, a ball : 
also men, of prostitutes) : to catch in any 
act. Sec, deprehendere in re. To be 
caught in the act of stealing, in furto te- 
neri. To catch fare, ignem (dammam) 
concipere ; ignem comprehendere : scin- 
tillas excipere (of tinder: fungus aridus 
scintillas excipit, Plin.) : apt to catch fire, 
concipiendo igni aptus ; concipiendis igni- 
bus idoneus; ignis capacissimus ; facilis 
ad exardescendmn (the last also of being 
of a fiery temper) : to catch a disease, mor- 
bum nancisci; roorbum or valetudinem 
contrahere ; eadem vi morbi repleri (by 
infection) [vid. Disease] : to catch one's 
death, * in morbum gravem et mortiferum 
incidere : * morbum mortiferum contra- 
here : * morbo mortifero implicari : to 
catch cold, perfrigescere : to catch an op- 
ponent, adversarium capere (by captious 
questions. Sec.) : to catch any body by cap- 
tious questions, captiosis interrogationibus 
circumscribere et decipere aliquem : the 
fire catches any thing, ignis or tiamma 
comprehendit, corripit aliquid : to catch 
hold of any body, aliquem prehendere, 
comprehendere, arripere : by the waist, 
aliquem medium amplecti. || Seize the 
meaning, capere: intelligere (mente) : 
percipere: assequi. || Ca{c& at, capta- 
re : an opportunity, occasionem capere, 
arripere : to eagerly catch at the opportu- 
nity, Ubenter facultatem (aliquid faciendi) 
arripere ; occasionem aliquid faciendi 
avidissime amplecti (Plin.). 

CATCH, «., Ij act of catching; cap- 
tura. II Thing caught, quod capit ali- 
quis: prseda. 1| Gatjj, lucrum, mictus, 
commodtmi [vid. Advantage]. || Of 
a lock. Sec, perhaps ansa or ansa ferrea 
(iron hook, cramp, Vitr.), or fibula (for 
holdine two things together). 

CATCHING, TO BE (of disorders), 
transire In alios : a disorder that is catch- 
ing, contagio (contagium is uncUissicat) 
morbi: pestilentia (violent epidemic). 

CATCHING, as adj., contagiosus. 

CATCH-POLL, perhaps apparitor. 

CATECHETICAL, catecheticus (icarT;- 

CATECHETICALLY, catechetice. 

CATECHISSL catechismtLS (Kartixia- 
liOi, ecclesiastical). 

CATECHIST, catechista (rarjrx""''??. 
ecclesiastical). 

CATECHIZE, catechizare (ecclesiastic- 
al, Kartj-^i^civ) : percunctando et interro- 
gando ehcere discipulorum opiniones, et 
ad hsec, qasB hi respondeant, si quid vide- 
atur, dicere (Cic, Fin., 2, 1, 2). 

CATECHIZING, catechesia (Karfrxn- 
aiS, ecclesiastical). 

CATECHUMEN, audiena (Tert., Pcen., 
6). 

CATEGORICAL, simplex (simpU ; 
straight-forward) : absolutua (dependent 
on nothing else ; absolute). Jn. simplex 
et absolutus (opposed to cum adjunctione) : 
purus (unmixed; not limited by any ex- 
ception ; e. g., judicium). 

CATEGORICALLY, simpUciter: abso- 
lute : sine exceptione or adjunctione : 
definite (with a full statement of particu- 
lars ; opposed to generatim) : diserte (ex- 
pressly, in erpress words : disertia verbis, 
wrong). To answer categorically, sine ul- 
U dabitatione respondere. To speak cat- 
egorically, presse dicere (so as to keep 
dose to the point ; opposed to ample dice- 
re, Cic.). 

CATEGORY, genua (general term, ge- 
nus, class) : categoria (Kan/yopia), or pure 
Latin, prsedicamenta, plural (in logic). 

CATENARUN, catenarius. 

CATER, opsonare or opsonari: also 



CAU8 

opsonare opsonium (Plant., u purcktu* 
provisions ; to buy for the kitchen) : some- 
times coenam parare, instruere ; convivi- 
niu instruere, apparare. Sec ; or mensas 
(conquiaitissimis) epulis instruere, Sec 
may help. 

CATER (at dice), »., qnatemia T» 
throw cater, quatemionem mittere. 

CATER-COUSIN, || distant rela- 
tion, qui aliquem longinqu4 cognatione 
continsunt || Parasitus. 
CATERER, opsonator. 
CATERPILLAR, eruca (Greek xafir^, 
which is used as a Latin word by poets 
and late writers). To destroy caterpillars, 
erucas evincere : to clear trees of caterpil- 
lars, * arbores erucis purgare or libentre. 

CATERWAUL, ululare (Aotci like dogs, 
wolves, Sec) : ejulare (cry out fur the pur- 
pose of moving compassion ; e. g., as 
women at funerals) : plorare : lamentari 
Jn. ejulare atque lamentari 

CATERWAULING, ululatns : ejniatus, 
ejulatio : ploratus, lamentatio [SrN. t» 
Catebwacx : those in us the bowl itself; 
those in io the action of howling]. 

GATES, cibus delicatns : cuppedia or 
cuppediae : cibi delicatiores : res ad epu- 
landum exquisitissimeB : bonse rea (A'ep., 
■A^es., 8, 5 : translation of ra ayada, th» 
nice bits. Sec, at table) : giulae irritamenta 
(as provocatives to the appetite).. 

CAT-GUT, chorda : nervus. 

CATHARTIC. Vid. Aperient. 

CATHEDRAL, *8ede3 cathedralis. 

CATHETER, catheter, eris (Kadtrpp), 

CATHOLIC, catholicns (ecclesiastical). 
A catholic, homo cathoUcus. || If used 
for Roman Catholic, vid. 

CATHOLICIS.M, * fides cathoUca (sub- 
jective) : * doctrina catholica (objective). 

C.\TKINS, julus : * amentum (Linn.). 

CAT-LIKE, * feU similis. 

C.4T-MINT, * tencrium amarum (Lin- 
nteus). 

CATOPTRICS, catoptrica (as a tech- 
nical term) : * quse de luce ac lumine tra- 
duntur. 

CATS-EYE, lapis specularis. 

CATTLE, pecus, oris, n., pecudea, 
dum,/. (the former especially of the larger, 
Oxen, horses. Sec ; the latter of the smaller, 
as sheep, goats. Sec) : armentum, armen- 
ta, plural (beasts for draught or burden, 
especially for ploughing ; oxen, horses, 
mules, asses; also herd) : grex (flock, L e., 
of the smaller animals : sheep, goats, &c.) : 
jumentum (a beast of draught). Jn. pe- 
cus et jumenta ; armenta et greges. To 
keep cattle, pecus et jumenta alere. Fat 
cattle, pecus altile : pecudes altiles (for 
fattening) : pecus saginatum (fattened) : 
homed cattle, comuta (.sc. animalia) : * ar- 
menta comnta : comigera and bucers 
arepoeticaL 

CAUDLE, the nearest similar prepara- 
tion was perhaps oenogamm (ohovaoov, 
Apic.,1,31). 

CAUL (for the hair), reticulum (Juv., 
2, 97) : calantica (not calantica, was prob- 
ably a sort of veU covering the head and 
shoulders). \\In anatomy, omentum 
(htixXooT)). 

CADLIFLO^VER, Jbraasica botryitis 
(Linn.). 

CADLK. Vid. Calk. 

CA[}SAL,by circumlocution. Vid.CAP8- 
Atrrr. 

CAUSALITY, rerum cauase aliia ex re 
boa aptse. 

CAUSE, canaa (general term : also 
"pretencf^^ : fona : origo (source). Jn. 
caoaa et fons : causa et origo : auctor : 
effector : princeps (cause when an agent ; 
Sts. in Author) : anea : materia (occa- 
sion,handleforanything);Ta<tio(ground): 
nnde fit aliquid. The sun is the cause of 
warmth, sol est caloria origo et fona : 
nothing happens without a cause, nihil 
evenit sine causa antecedente : he is th* 
cause of the war, ille est auctor or cond- 
tator belli : to search for a cause for de- 
claring war, materiam belli quajrere : to 
give any body cause for blaming one, an- 
sam dare ad reprehendendum : to have 
just cause for blaming any body, ansam 
reprehensionis habere : to seek for a cause, 
cauaam quaerere; materiam ^cujus rei 
quserere ; ansam quarcre ut, <fcc. ; occa 
65 



C AUS 

rtonem sliquid faciendi quajrere : to in- 
vent or feign causes, causas contingere : 
to have good cause to do any tiling, cum 
causd aliquid facere ; non 6ine gravi cau- 
Bd aliquid facere : without cause, sine cau- 
B& ; temere : not vrithout cause, non teme- 
re : for more causes than one, aliquot de 
causis : for what cause ? quamobrem ? 
qud de causa! You have no cause to do 
any thing ; or, there is no cause for, &c., 
non est (or nihil est) quod, or quare, or 
cur ; or nihil est causae, cur ; causa non 
est, cur (verb in subjunctive in all these 
expressions). What cause have you for ... ? 
quid est causee cur . . . ? or, quid est, cur 
. . . 1 to give any body cause for suspicion, 
suspicionem movere : to be the cause of 
any thing, locum dare or facere alicui 
rei; i. e., to make its existence possible; 
e. g., fabula3, roendacio, miraculo : aucto- 
rem esse alioujus rei ; alicujus rei ordi- 
enda3 principem esse : occasionem dare 
or praibere alicujus rei [vid. Cause, v.]. 
\\Cause (inlaw), actio: lis: causa: res 
[SvN. in Action]. A capital cause, causa 
capitalis : lis capitalis. A criminal cause, 
causa publica. To gain a cause, litem or 
causam obtinere : judicium vincere : also 
only vincere : to lose a cause, litem amit- 
tere ; causam or litem perdere : causa or 
lite cadere ; formula cadere or excidere : 
to plead a cause, causam agere or tracta- 
re : agere apud judices (general term) : 
causam or litem orare (to make a speech 
upon it) : to plead his own cause, litem 
euam facere : to undertake a cause, cau- 
sam, or litem suscipere, or recipere (the 
former not to refuse when requested ; the 
latter to do it voluntarily) : the cause is still 
undecided, nondum dijudicata lis est (after 
Hor., Od., 3, 5. 54) : adhuc sub judice lis 
est (Hor., A. P., 78) : not to go on with a 
cause, causam deponere, ab causa reee- 
dere ; causam susceptam aliligere (of the 
person conducting it). \\ Party, side, 
vid. Party. 

CAUSE, v., auctorem esse alicujus rei 
(to be its author ; e. g., legis, belli, alicujus 
reditiJs) : creare (to produce or create : 
errorem, bellum) : movere (excite, stir 
up ; risura, bellum, suspicionem) : ansam 
dare or praibere alicujus rei or ad aliquid 
faciendum (to give a handle for; e. g., 
repreheneionis or ad reprehendendum) : 
alicujus rei ordienda? principem esse : 
causam alicujus rei inferre (to cause it ; 
give the first occasion of it ; e. g., jurgii) : 
occasionem dare or praibere alicujus rei 
(to supply the opportunity : e. g., sui oppri- 
mendi). To cause any body to do any 
thing, adducere ahquem ad aliquid (lead 
him to it) : commovere aliquem ad aliquid 
(move him to it) : incitare or concitare ali- 
quem ad aliquid (excite him to it) : aucto- 
rem esse, ut, &c. ; aliquem impellere ut, 
&c. (urge or drive him to it), fl Excite: 
be the exciting cause of: excitare : 
concitare (any action or passion ; laugh- 
ter ; hatred ; envy ; compassion ; a tear) : 
excire : conciere or concire (in classical 
prose =::"to raise in the mind a passionate 
impulse to do something ;" seldom to pro- 
duce a passion or evil; e. g., iram con- 
ciere, seditionem conciere : terrorem 
excitare) : movere : commovere (to agi- 
tate the mind: then, also, to produce an 
emotion, evil, &c., misericordiam, bellum, 
seditionem movere or commovere : ri- 
sum, suspicionem movere ) : conflare 
(blow into aflame; kindle: alicui invidi- 
am ; bellum) : to cause perspiration by ex- 
ercise, sudorem exercitatione movere : a 
dispute, controversiam inferre : a quar- 
rel, causam jurgii inferre (t) : admiration, 
admirationem eiliccre : a desire, cupidita- 
tem atferre (alicui alicujus rei) : pain, do- 
lorem movere, commovere, facere, effice- 
re : to cause any body lasting pain, dolo- 
rem alicui inurere : lusts, libidines exci- 
tare : sleep, alicui somnum afferre, parg- 
re, conciliaro. [For other combinations, 
vid. the substantives with which Cause is 
joined.] 

CAUSELESS, quod sine chusS est. 
II Groundless, rationi adversarius (con- 
trary to reason) : vanus (only apparent ; 
opposed to verus) : futilis (worthless, idle). 
CAUSELESSLY, sine causd; temere : 
ex Tano. 



CAW 

CAUSEWAY, agger viBB. To make a 
causeway, tramitem aggerare. 

CAUSTIC, causticus (KavdTiKOf) : ero- 
dens : septicus (oi77rri(co'c)- Caustics, me- 
dicamenta rodentia or erodentia. || Fig., 
applied to language, &c., mordens : 
mordax : acidus : aculeatus : acerbus. 
Caustic words, verborumi aculei : caustic 
wit, acerbitas salis : in a caustic manner, 
mordaciter : acerbe. 

CAUTELOUS. Vid. Cautious, Cun- 
ning. 

CAUTERIZE, (ferro) adurere. [Cau- 
terizare, Veget.] 

CAUTERY, cauterium (the cauterizing 
instrument), or by circumlocution with 
ferro or * cauterio adurere. 

CAUTION, cautio : circumspectio. To 
act with caution, omnia circumspicere : 
to proceed with caution, cautionem adhi- 
bere alicui rei or in re ; caute versari in 
re ; caute tractare aliquid. To use all 
possible caution, omne genus cautionis 
adhibere. {| Security, vid. 

CAUTION, v., monere or praemonere 
aliquem ut caveat: against any thing, 
monere or prsemonere aliquid caven- 
dum; monere or prifimonere de aliqua 
re ; monere, ut vitet aliquis aliquid (warn 
him to avoid something) : monere or ad- 
monere, or prasmonere, ne, &o. (warn 
him not to do so and so). 

CAUTIONARY, monitorius (post-clas- 
sical, Sen.). By circumlocution. Some- 
times by ad terrorem ceterorum (Ter.). 
A cautionary example, documentum. 

CAUTIOUS, providus (with foresight) : 
cautus (with caution) : circumspectus 
(with circumspection) : consideratus (hav- 
ing judiciously weighed every thiiig) : 
prudens (intelligent, prudent). Jn. cau- 
tus providxisque : prudens et providus : 
prudens et cautus : diligens (careful ; 
carefully observant). 

CAUTIOUSLY, provide: caute: cir- 
cumspecte : considerate : diligenter. To 
go cautiously to work, circuraspectius fa- 
cere aliquid : cautionem adliibere in re : 
to set about any thing xery cautiously, om- 
ne cautionis genus adhibere in aliqua re. 
CAUTIOUSNESS. Vid. Caution. 
CAVALCADE, * pompa equestris. 
CAVALIER, eques. 
CAVALIERLY, imperiose: pro impe- 
rio : superbe : insolenter : arroganter. 

CAVALRY, equitatus, equites (general 
term) : copise equestres (the cavalry at- 
tached to an army) : acies equitum (as 
drawn up for battle) : ala (so far as the 
cavalry are placed on the wings ; at each 
end of a line of infantry). Sometimes 
eques, singular, for equites (as pedes for 
pedites). The infantry and cavalry, co- 
piffi equitum peditumque ; militcs equi- 
tesque. All the cavalry, integer eques. 
To be strong in cavalry, multum cquitatu 
valere ; ab equitatu firmum esse ; equi- 
tatu paratum esse. To order the car airy 
to form, turmas equitum explicare (Tac, 
Ann., 13, 38, 3). To serve in the cavalry, 
equo merere : to give any body a commis- 
sion in the cavalry (or, in a cavalry regi- 
ment), ad equum rescribere (Cas., li. G., 
1, 42). An engagement of cavalry, proe- 
lium equestre or equitum : pugna eques- 
tris. Many skirmishes with the cavalry oc- 
curred, crebro inter se equestribus proe- 
liis contendcbant. A cavalry horse, oquus 
militaris. A regiment of cavalry, cohors 
equestris (from 500 to 600 men). A com- 
pany of cavalry, turma equitum. 
CAVE. Vid. Cavern. 
CAVERN, cavema (a hole with a round 
opening) : specus (with a long opening ; 
a cleft) : gpelunca (a dark and formidable 
cavity) : speteum (only in poets : den of 
wild beasts) : cavum (cavity, as a general 
term). A subterraneous cavern, sjhjcus 
subterraneus. 
CAVIARE, *ova piscium condita. 
CAVITY, cavum or cavus (sc. locus) : 
cavca: cavatio (hollowing; cavity: twice 
in Varro, cavatio poculorum). Vid. Cav- 
ern. 

CAW, crocirc : crocitare (croak, like 
the raven) : canere : occinere (general 
term occinere, especially of what is omin- 
ous : corvus clarft voce ante consulem 
1 occiuuit). 



CE L E 

CAWING, crocatio (Fest.). 
CEASE, jl leave off doing ant 
thing : desinere aliquid, or with infini- 
tive (leave off without the intention of re- 
suming ; it may also be said of Ihingt 
that Cease) : desistere aliqua re ; ab or de 
aliqua re ; or with infinitive (to desist, from 
an act of the will, and thtrefore spoken vf 
persons only) : absistere aliquft re, or with 
infinitive (not used by Cic.) : mittere, with 
infinitive (to let it go; give it 7ip) : finem 
facere aliquid faciendi, or alicujus, or ali- 
cui rei (put an end to it) : conquiescere 
ab re (to rest from it) : omittere : inter- 
mittere aliquid, or with infinitive (the for- 
mer of a total giving up, the latter of a 
temporary suspension) : cessare, with in- 
finitive (to stop repeatedly from indolence, 
&.C.). To cease speaking, finem facere 
dicendi or loquendi : finem imponere ora- 
tioni (of an oration) -. also perorare. Tt 
cease to be (=: die), eiBeAesmo. ^^Some 
times TO cease is translated by a verl 
compounded with de : to cease raining 
depluere : raging, desajvire. \\Have 
an end, finem habere or capere : quies- 
cere : conquiescere (rest) : abire : deco- 
de re (go away : these four of diseases ; 
e. g., a fever) : intermittere (to allow an 
interval of rest ; to intermit^ : residere : 
considere : remittere (of winds and stormy 
passions subsiding) : subsidere (of winds 
and wave^). The wind has entirely ceased, 
venti vis omnis cecidit. To cease with 
any body (of a family), deficere in aliquo 
(Gelt.). To make any thing cease, finem 
facere alicujus or alicui rei : finem impo- 
nere alicui rei. The discussion has ceased, 
disputari desitum est. || Without ceas- 
ing [vid. Ceaselessly]. To sing with- 
out ceasing, ita cano, ut nihil intermit- 
tam : to labor without ceasing, nullum 
tempus ad laborem intermittere. 

CEASELESS, perpetuus (continued to 
the end without any break; e. g., risus) : 
continuus : continens (hanging together 
or following each other without break or 
chasm ; e. g., incommoda : labor) : assi- 
duus (constantly going on ; e. g., imhrcs). 
CEASELESSLY, perpetuo: continen- 
ter (continue or -o is unclassical) : sine 
intermissione : nullo temporis puncto iii- 
termisso : assidue (assiduo is unclassical) : 
usque. 

CEDAR, cedrug. The fruit of the ce- 
dar, cedris (Plin.). || As adjective, cedre- 
us ; cedrinus ; cedro factus (made of ce- 
dar). \\ As wood, ce.drus. \\Cedaroil, 
cedrium ; oleum cedriniim. 
CEDE. Vid. Yield. 
CEIL, conclave lacunari omare (Vitr.: 
not aliquid lacunare, which in Ov., Met., 
8, 563, is "to ornament in the manner of a 
fretted ceiling"). N.B. — If the ceiling was 
not an ornamented one, legere : eter- 
nere : consternere : insternere may be 
used. 

CEILING, tectum (upper flat surface of 
a chamber or other inclosed space) : if in- 
laid, paneled, &c., tectum laqueatum : 
laquear : lacunar (laquear with rcfcrenca 
to the lines like drawn cords, laquei, that 
define the entablatures of a ceiling ; lacu- 
nar with reference to the sunk squares, 
lacus, with which it was ornamented. Both 
of flat roofs). An arched ceiling, camera : 
concameratio. 

CELEBR.A.TE, \\give praise to, cel- 
ebrare (general term for making a thing 
known and famous by one's mention of it) : 
praidicare (to praise by a loud and public 
declaration) : laudare (to praise ; opposed 
to vitupernre, &.c.) : canere (to praise in 
poetry ; post- Augustan for " celebrare" 
generally). To celebrate any body's prais- 
es, alicujus laudes or de alicujus laudibus 
pra^dicare : to celebrate any body in verse, 
aliquem caiinine celebrare ; alicujus lau- 
des or de alicujus laudibus canere : alicu- 
jus facta canere (of praising his achieve- 
ments) : any body's name in one's writings, 
nomen alicujus celebrare scriptis : mc- 
mori!un alicujus scriptis prosequi (<Ae to- 
tir, of course, if the person is dead). [Vid. 
Praise any body.] \\ Solemnize, accre, 
Bgitare (the proper word for festivals, birth- 
days, holidays, <fcc.) : celebrare (to assist 
by o7ie'r^ presence in making a numcrom 
i assembly ; e. g., birth-day, marriage-feast • 



C E ME 

1e»* frequently ofaftstirat) : to celebrate a 
dcrj as a festicai, diem prosequi (Nep^ 
Alt., 4. .xjr.) : a festirai for three days, 
diem faetum agere triduum or per tridu- 
um : public games, luaos facere or com- 
mittere. To celebrate divine service, sacra 
procurare ; sacria operari ; rea divinas 
rite perpetrare : but, in the modem sense, 
bettor * rebus divims interesse (of the 
prints). 

CELEBRATED, clams: prseclarns (re- 
noicned for eminent services to one^s coun- 
try) : illnstria : perillustris {for rank and 
wirtue) : incljtus {famous : of places, but, 
tn the poets, of persons also) : celeber 
{mueh visiud : not used of persons before 
Litry) : nobilia {of noble birth). ^ff'Cla- 
rus has very often ablative of the thing, 
glorid, beDo, pace. A very celebrated man, 
vir clarissimus, spectatissimus, amplissi- 
mus {Licy has celeberrimi viri, 26, 21, 16). 
A very celebrated jnonument, celebenimum 
monumencum {opposed to desertissimum 
sepulcrum). Very celebrated, illustri laude 
celebratus ; claritate prseatans : for learn- 
ing, nobilis et clarus ex doctrina. To be 
celebrated, glorid florere : esse in laude : 
to be very celebrated, gloria circumfluere ; 
omnium sermone celebrari ; in magno 
nomine et glorii esse ; magnd celebritate 
fama) esse : as an orator, magnum in ora- 
toribns nomen habere : he is celebrated 
etery where, ejus nomen longe atque late 
Tagatur : to become celebrated, notninis fa- 
mam adipisci ; gloriam consequi or asse- 
qui ; in gloriam venire ; in claritudinem 
pervenire; also crescere {Ruhnk., Ter., 
Beaut., ProL, 28 : clarescere and inclares- 
cere belong to the Silver Age). To become 
celebrated far any thing, Ulustrari aliqua 
re ; clarum fieri re or ex re. To render 
celebrated, celebrare, illustrare, nobilitare 
{this also of an event ; e. g., a battle, tckich 
rendtrs a place ulebrated), aliquem or ali- 
quid glorise conmiendare ; gloria afBcere 
aHquem {of an action). To render him- 
self Celebrated, gloriam or famam sibi ac- 
qnirere, comparare ; claritudinem sibi 
parare : to tcish or try to render himself 
celebrated, gloriam qua>rere, sequi ; fama^ 
studere, serrire, inservire. ^^^ Famo- 
sns, in classical prose, := " infamous," " no- 
torious." 

CELEBRATION, pnedicatio : of any 
thing, alicujus rei or de re. J^" Cele- 
bratio in this sens: only in Pliny (34, 5, 
10. Equestres statuas Romanornm cele- 
brationem habent, are prized by the Ro- 
mans). The celebration of games, com- 
missio ludorum. 

CELEBRITY, claritudo : claritas: laua: 
laudes : nominis lama. 

CELERITY, celeritas : velocitas : per- 
nicitas : agilitas : incitatio : rapiditas : 
featinantia {too great celerity). Sts. in 

SWIFTXESS. 

CELESTIAL, ccelestis : divinua {god- 
like). 

CELIBACY, ) vita coelebs, coelibatus 

CELIBATE, 5 {of a man) : * conditio 
viduae. Tertull. de virg. vel. 9, viduatus. 

CELL, cella {small chamber; especially 
for servants and slaves; also of bees): 
cubiculam {sleeping -chamber) : cavnm 
{hole) : loculus : loculamentum {pigeon- 
hole, or other division of a bureau, &c. ; 
e. S; locniata arcula, a chest fitted up vith 
pigeonholes, &c.). 

CELLAR, hypogeum concameratum 
{in our sense ; an arched cellar under 
ground) : doliarium (vine or beer cellar, 
Oai., Dig.): ceUa: ceUarium {according 
to the ancient sense, a store-room above 
ground ; e. g., olearia, for oil. Sec. : pena- 
ria for larder : cella vinaria or apotneca, 
Kine-ceUar). The cellar -door, * ostium 
cellie or doliarii : * ccUae or doliarii fores 
{if folding-doors). Key of the eeUar, Cla- 
ris cells, doliarii, &c. 

CELLARIST, cellarius. 

CELLULAR, * cellas habens : loculo- 
8U3 (full of little holes or compartments ; 
e. g.. pntamen, Plin). 

CEMENT, s., *caBmentnm (as a tech- 
nical term, properly, chip of stone ; parti- 
ties ofheum stone mixed into mortar, mor- 
tario csetnentum addatnr, Vitr.) : maltha 
(a kind of cement, of hog's fat and lime, 
for water-pipes. Sec.) : ferromen (iron sol- 



CENT 

der or cement) : glotinimi : ghiten {glue) : 

* UthocoUa {but this in Pliny is a false 
reading) [arenatum sc. opus was a mor- 
tar ; one part of lime to two of sand, Vitr.\. 
II Fig., ■=bond, ligamentom: vinculum. 

CEMENT, », malthare : ferruminare 
(e. g., bitumine : plumbo) : lithocoQi col- 
Ugare aliquid [SvN. in Cement, *.] : ghi- 
tinare : conglutinare (to glue). || Fig., 
conslutinare aliquid (e. e- concordiam 
ordinum) : firmare : confifmare : a peace, 
pacem (quasi) coagmentare. 

CEMETERY, sepulcretum (Cat.) : ae- 
pulcra. 

CENOBITE, coenobita (ecclesiastical): 
monachus (late). 

CENOTAPBC cenotaphium (raised in 
honor of a person, whether he teas still alive 
or not). 

CENSER, thnribulum (not acerra,icAicA 
jcas a little chest or boz in which frankin- 
cense was kept). \\ Pan in which any 
thing is burned, foculus (under Khich 
hot (Sals were placed: thai foculus fer- 
vens). 

CENSOR, II at Rome, censor: magis- 
ter mornm (Silver Age). |j Of a book, 
*Ubrorum censor (before publication) : 

* judex criticus: * censor literatus (after 
publication). ||On« who passes judg- 
ipent: mostly of a severe judge: judex: 
reprehensor : vituperator : objurgator : 
castigator (Stn. in Bi-AMi:]. \\Blamer. 

CENSORIOUS, minima re ad repre- 
hendendnm contentus. 

CENSORIOUSLY, * studio quodam 
reprehendendi : sometimes austere, rigide, 
acerbe, acriter, may do. 

CENSORIOUSNESS, reKehendendi 
studium. ' 

CENSURABLE, reprehendendus : vim- 
perabilis : vituperandus : reprehensione 
or vituperatione dignus. [Vid. difference 
o/ reprehensione and vituperatione under 
Blame.] To be censurable, in vitio esse 
(of persons and things) : in culpa esse 
(of persons). To be as censurable as, tarn 
in vitio esse, quam, <tc. 

CENSURE, Wjudgment pronounc- 
ed, judicium : censura (Ov.. Veil.). 
\\ Blame, reproach, reprehensio : vitu- 
peratio: objurgatio. [Syn. in Blame.] 
[[Punishment, poena: castigatio : ani- 
madversio. Spiritual censures, "" poena 
ecclesiastica. 

CENSURE, v., reprehendere : culpare : 
vituperare : improbare [Syx. in Blame] : 
reprehendere et exagitare aliquid. 

CENSURER, reprehensor : vitupera- 
tor : objurgator : castigator (all of a sin- 
gle instance). Stn. in Blame. 

CENT, 1 per cent., centesimse : 2. a 4 
per cent., centesimae binse, temae, quater- 
nse ; 5 per cent., centesimae quinee quin- 
cunces usurae. fPith us tradesmen make 
cent per cent., merces apud nos centupli- 
cato veneunt (Plin.) But observe, this 
was the monthly interest; hence centesi- 
mae teas our 12 per cent., bins centesimae 
our 24 per cent., &c. But the Roman form 
may be retained by adding in singulos an- 
nos. Vid. Interest. 

CENTAUR, centaums. Of the cen- 
taurs, centaureus (Hor.) : centauricus 
(Stat.). 

CENTAURY, centaureum. The great- 
er centaury, centaureum majus (* Centau- 
rea Centaurium, Linn.) : centaureum mi- 
nus (*Gentiana Centaurium, Linn.). 

CENTENARY, centum annorum: cen- 
tenarius (a man of 100 years old). 

CENTESBLAJ., centesimus. 

CENTO, cento (e. g., " cento nuptialis," 
the title of one of Ausonius's poems: prop 
erly a garment of patch-work). 

CENTRAL, in medio positus : medius : 
centralis. A central school, * schola pro- 
vincialis : centred force. * vis centralis : 
central heat, * ignis centralis. A central 
point, punctum in medio positum. 

CENTRE, «.. \\of a circle, centrum 
(KivTpov) : punctum in medio situm. || Of 
a place, medius alicujus rei locus (e. g., 
of the earth, medius mundi imiversi lo- 
cus) : media alicujus rei pars (Observa- 
tion, in oblique cases locus and pars qften 
omitted ; e. g., in medio or in media urbis). 
Mostly by vaediu3 in agreement: the mitre 
of the line, media acies ; also medii : of 



CERT 

the ial4md, media insula : to break through 
the centre of the enemy's line, per mediaia 
aciem hoetium perrumpere : to be situated 
in the centre of any place, in medio aliquo 
loco situm esse. KrampUslike altera arz 
urbis media est, ** is in the centre of tJu 
city," are rare. Obs. (1), Avoid centrum, 
except for the centre of a drcle. Pliny hat 
centrum coeli, solis, terrae, &C., but thett 
bodies tcere supposed ■' disks." Cicero tises, 
for the centre of the earth, medius tema 
locus. (2) Avoid lunbilicus, which Cicero 
tises onbf of Greek places, as a tratslation 
of tie Greek SitipaXof. 

CENTRE, v., consistere: positum or 
sitom esse in aliqud re : constare penes 
aliquem (Cos.) : verti, contineri, stare, or 
niti aliqua re : pendere ex aliquo or ez 
aliqud re : effici aliqua re : less frequently 
residere in aliqud re (Cic.). The whoU 
of morality centres in the performance of 
duty, in officio colendo sita vitae est ho- 
nes'tas ononis (Cic.) At that time all tJU 
prospects of the state centered in yiarius, 
ea tempestate spes atque opes civitatis in 
Mario sitae (SaL). 

CENTUPLE, by adjective, centuplicatoa 
(not to be coiifounthil wi^h centuples, a 
hundred-fold) : centuplus (a hundred titaet 
as much, Vulg., Ev. Luc, 8, 8). 

CENTURION, centurio. 

CENTURY, li a hundred, centum 
(distributice, centeni). Then umber o/lOO, 
centuria. || Space of 100 years, cente- 
num annorum ; centum annorum spati- 
um : saecnlimi (a '■' generation' z::^ accord- 
ing to Etruscan and Roman computation, 
VMyears). \\Division of the Roman 
people, cetitai\&: by centuries, centaxxn- 
tim : to divide into centuries, centuriare : 
division by centuries, centuriatus. 

CEPHALIC, capiti utilis : cephalicua 
(Cels.). 

CERATE, ceratum or cerotum. 

CERE, cerare, incerare. 

CEREMONIAL, ritus : mos receptus. 
Court ceremonial, ritus ac modus, ad quem 
rex colitur or colendns est (after Curt., 8, 
5,19). 

CEREMONIOUS, soDemnis. Aceremo- 
niotis person, *homo nimia officiosus, ni- 
mis urbanus. 

CEREMONIOUSNESS, *molesta nr- 
banitas. 

CEREMONY, ritus (general term for a 
received mode of performing solemn of- 
fices) : cierimonia : ritus sacri (religious 
ceremony or rites) : .officium (conventional 
form of courtesy). JFitkout courtesy, am- 
bagibos missis or positis (going straight 
to the point) : sine mor& (tcithout delay) : 
citra honorem verborum (without eompti- 
mentary ^eches). Master of the ceremo- 
nies, magister otficiorum or aulae : magL-- 
ter admissionum (all belonging to ths 
time of the emperors). 

CERTAIN, certus (general term both 
objectively of persons and things whose na- 
ture is certain ; and subjectively of a per- 
son whofeeU certaiyi, &c.) : £rmus (farm, 
resisting oa y attempt to alter or destroy it ; 
hence unchangeable, of things and per- 
sons) : stabilis (not yielding or varying, 
steadfast : of persons and things) : con- 
stans (steady, consistent: opposed to va- 
riua, mobilis) : fidus (which may be confix 
dentty trusted: of persons, and also of 
things, as in pax fida). Jn. certus et con- 
stans ; firmus et constans : exploratus (tht 
truth or certainty of which has been asco'- 
tained) : status (fixed, not subject to alter- 
ation ; e. g., cursus eiderum, Plin.) : rataa 
(calculated ; hence settled, iwtmutable ; e. g., 
in onmi aetemitate rati immutabHesqiia 
siderum cursus). Jx. ratns et certus ; 
constans et ratus ; ratns atque firmus ; 
stabilis. fixus, ratus ; certus, ratus, firmus, 
fixus : indubius, non dubius (not indnbi- 
tatus in good