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F. D. Lessing
•»"i 'soaa aaoHAVS \
INnOWVlAVD
COREAN PRIMER
LESSONS IN COREAN ON ALL ORDINARY
SUBJECTS, TRANSLITERATED ON THE
PRINCIPLES OF THE "MANDARIN
PRIMER," BY THE SAME
AUTHOR.
Rev. J H N R S S
NEWCHWANG.
shanghai:
MDdcCrxxyii.
OF THE
UNIVERSITY
o OF ^
COREAN PRIMER,
LESSONS IN COKEAN ON ALL ORDLNAEY
SUBJECTS, TRANSLITERATED ON THE
PRINCIPLES OF THE "MANDARIN
PRIMER," BY THE SAME
AUTHOR.
B E V . JOHN ROSS
NEWCHWANG.
shanghai:
MDCCCLXXVII.
loqq
INTRODUCTION.
The following lessons are intended to in trod ace to the Corean language
those desirous to prepare for the official, rbetcantiie, and chiefly the
missionary intercourse with Corea, which cannot be of distant date.
The Corean words are given in the Corean alphabet in syllables, under
which is the Corean pronunciation in Roman letters, and the interpreta-
tion in English, according to the Corean idiom, viz. nom. obj., verb,
negative.
The lessons, matter, arrangement and number., are those of my
Mandarin Primer," where the English is rendered idiomatically. The
transliteration is also on the principle of that Primer. And in compar-
ing the two little books it will be discovered what a remarkable proportion
of Chinese words has become incorporated with the Corean language,
Hipplying defects, displacing some words and used alongside of others,
{sisbit, "light** and ffivang "light," metaphorically), like Latin and
Saxon in English, Chinese being the Latin of the Coreans, through
which their learning has been acquired. This comparison requires
only to note the defects of the Corean alphalDet and its numerous ter-
minative particles. The "Corean Primer" also affords numerous
examples of the ancient pronunciation of Chinese, and especially of the
final consonant dropped in Mandarin, though retained in the south.
As it is reported that a practised pen is engaged on, or has finished,
a Corean Grammar, it is unnecessary to explain the use of the numerous
and delicate particles. But as the Corean language, with no cases for
t 83490
its nouns or persons for its verbs, has the remarkable quality of inflexion
according to the rank of the person addressed, — superior, equal or in-
ferior, — it is deemed advisable to give the pronouns and a verb, in its
various tenses, with the proper terminations afiBxed.
Personal Pronouns.
I Yl ''^ (always) We, ^^j oori.
„ l^l* or y" ?ia, possessive.
Thou "£][, we t j, nu (addressing inferior) You t"| o| nut.
^^1 nimje ( „ equal) „ ^^|W| nimjene.
Superior always indirectly addressed by his title.
He, she, it t|] de (always) They "^^JAJ"^^ desa ramdid.
Verb.
Eoot n p ga^ to go.
Addressing superior, go (imp.)
„ equal „ „ •
„ inferior „
(sup.) Has (he) gone?
(equal) „ „
(inf.)
Has gone (affirm.)
(til) til
He has not gone 1. l]* iff]
Will (he) go?
ga-oo.
gashi.
gara.
(de) gasso ?
jt'^^] gassumma f
I- I I gcinnunif
y^-^^] gassumme.
^"Cj* gatda.
*^ -^ X)* gami upsooda.
%^4l5:ll » upsowe.
^ "C|* „ upda. [ansupdugga.
2. 'l^\i\- if'Cf- ^^^X]- gapga gadi ansupda.
3. If'C^L.J ifTT) ^'^ir\\^gadmigadiantuni.
Will go 1. ll'X^-?'^}' gagliatdapdodda.
2- 'ihyt'^'^^l gaghatdapde.
3. ij-^t'^h'^l^l* gctghatdadura.
(I know he) will not go 1. T j* tj ^^ ^ Z^ "CJ- gadi atmipdooda.
2lV"Cl ^i-^-el] „ ansupdS.
S-lfr) ^i^irlEh „ antura.
(He says he) wiU not go 1 . -^ T y y^ "pY -"T""^ moggaghitdapdooda.
2. -^1r 3C r?"^'! moggogJiatdapde.
3. -;^ Ip 3% "^r "^1 ^ r i^wggaghatdadura.
Unwilling to go 1- T ) ^j lT y> pj""^"^! 9^''^''- (^nkatdapdouda.
S-lj-'Cl ^it^t'pV'^'^l » anicatdcpde.
3. ij-Tll ^il'^t'^f'^l^l* » ankatdadura.
jjj and ^ are both negatives but differently used, as will be frequently
seen in the lessons ; ^ is the y^ of the affirmative-future. The 2, or
middle form is that in constant use, though respect to age, places parents
and much older people among the 1 class ; while 3 comprises children
as well as underlings.
The verb to " eat " follows, in the middle or commonly used form ;
gut, material (never used alone) ; mugghulgut, eatables.
Eat (imp.) muggushi.
Have you eaten ? mughussumma upsumma ?
Have eaten mtighussum.
Have not eaten mughumi upsowe.
Will you eat ? muggatdadun inugdi ankatdadun f
Will not eat. mugdi ansupde.
Cannot eat. mugdi imt-huvimuni. ,
Unwilling to eat. mxigdi ankatdapde
I will eat. mogassummi.
He will eat. moghatdapde.
The changes demanded by euphony belong to grammar but one or
two examples may be given as guides to the etymology of the words
in the lessons.
Boot of " come " is ^, o, 1 o-oo ; 2 oshi 3 not ora, but ona.
To " work " is " to do labour " ; labour is g. il, " to do," root "of" ^«'
2 is ir hashi, but 3 is not ilhara, but ilhayura.
The Alphabet.
The alphabet which begins the lessons, is spelled as the Coreans
learn it, the Eoman letter-spelling being based on the absolute rule of
" No one sound to any two letters, no letter with any two sound,'" — e, e
being exceptions, as also k, p, t, (Note 2nd below). Hence each letter
should be always pronounced with the same value. Occasionally tt
approaches French u ; but not sufficiently near enough to warrant a
separate form.
Alphabet :
Value
A
art
B
5an
Ch
c/mm
D
dare
Ds
lands
E
met
e
■ made
G
be gsiXi
H
/<appy
I
it
J
jam
K
can
L
lovf
M
N
no
pot (always)
00
moon
p
pan
R
ran
s
son
T
tan
Is
reii^s
U
fwn
V
ran
w
wan ■
wh (hw)
tvhy.
Y. 2/ard
7/taa
Note 1 : The same Corean letter stands for ds and J; for ch and
ts ; for I and r. Chinese I is translated by n not by r ; and / by 5 or p
Our w is formed by prefixing (^) to the vowel; a and i combine
to form e, and u and t to form e.
2. When closing a syllable, p, Jc, t ()=| 1/\) are to be pronounced
precisely as in English, they holding an intermediate position between
d, t, &c. which are harder than in English, having the same breathing
as the Chinese ; and d, t, like the Chinese, are pronounced with the tip
of the tongue from the edge of the upper row of teeth, instead of from
the roof of the mouth.
3. In pronouncing lip the Chinaman must make two syllables
It-pu; the English speaker opening his lips after forming the;?, but
uttering no audible sound. The Corean heeps his lips closed on every final
consonant, permitting no breath to escape, neither vocal like the Chinese,
nor inaudible like the English speaker. This renders some finals in-
distinct as is the case of the final English /c, p, t of N. 2.
4. Euphony plays strange tricks with these finals, especially with /^
which should be s, but is so only before an s. It is assimilated by the
succeeding consonant, becoming English t, before ff or t; h before g,
k; n, before n, &c. |*| final becomes m before w, and v before i
"T^very rarely becomes ng. [^ after ^ as?, becomes I; and ^ as r
after n, becomes n.
5. When /^ precedes a consonant (^, do) it makes it very acute,
like Chinese 4th tone: h after g^ in the same syllable, softens^ as it
does t in * the" " thing" &c ; as in Hebrew, Gaelic, Irish. But ogai
is as readily understood as ogMt
6. The 'sign in Corean before the vowel index, serves to distinguish
the affix, of which it forms part, from the root which immediately pre-
cedes it ; e. g. If^^ and -^^^ are similarly pronounced but
the latter points out the root ^, which the former cannot. It is also
8
useful in pronouncing the Roman letter, for hanga may be pronounced
han-ga or hmgaa, the Corean of which is respectively c^ T j" & "^r o|-.
7. The Corean alphabet, though always in syllables, is written, not
from left to right as here, but from top to bottom and right to left, like
Chinese ; and the current hand in English is no more unlike the printed
letter than in the Corean.
There is a slight difference between the pronunciation of this Primer
and that of the capital in some words, as hanul ' heaven," capital hanal;
tiundi heaven and earth," capital " chiunji." But these are not
numerous, and the pronunciation of the western provinces is understood
all over Corea.
Newchwang, 1877.
COREAN ALPHABET.
NINE FINALS.
giugaioit niwi digliud liul mium hivb
g n d r <fe 1 m b
sivd 01 iheng
s & t i ng
CONSONANTS WITH VOWELS ATTACHED.
ga gia gu fo gtu '^^ go ^ gio
goo gno gu gi
N.B. — Consonants all pronounced as in Chinese, the romamzation being on
the "system of my Mandarin Primer; the vowels are also on the same
principle, — of a certain definite unchangeable value, the u alvrays pro-
nounced as in fun, oo and iv standing for the other value of u. Corean o
final more open than o in English long, its nearest approximation, iiv
alvrays like ew of wew, feiv.
The double vowels o and a, form wa, oo and u, ww (ico rm), a and i, e of let,
u and i, a of lame, which I write e for precision.
na nia nu niu no nio
^ nf J=- H V
noo mw nu m na
da dia du diu do dio
dbo <?n«; rfw di da
na/- /i'a nul- -liu nol' Ho
Nia mta viu nuu mo mw
^^J2.i»| Y
moo miw
mt ma
44H1«1J1^
ba Ua bu
bo bio
-f4
bo biw bu bi ba
yl^ >fi*
sa or sha sia or shia su or shu siu or shiu so or s^ stb or shio
soo or shoo siw or sAiw su or sAtt sz or shi sa or s/<a
a ia orya wo yu kc o yo
^ ^ ^ a1 ^
00 yoo «
t a
v;
3.
-&
ha hia hu hiu ho Mo
^
^00 Aitw A?« hi ha
7^\7^
dsaoTj'a dsia or jia dsuovju dsiuovjiu dsoorjo dsio or jio
^ y^ X -^1 ^
dsoo or joo dsiw or ^zt^ dsu or y« <fs2 or ji dsa or ja
tsa or cAct fsza or c/^'a isw or c/zw fozw or chiu tso or cAo fojo or chio
tooo or choo tsiw or cAzw ifsM or chu tsi or cAj tsa or c/za
to fjia ill tiu to tio
too tixo tu
tiw tu ti ta
pa pia pu piu po pio
^3]^
poo piw pu pi pa
^M±M.
ha Ida ku hiu ko hio
koo kiw hi ki ka
COMPOUND VOWELS.
gwa gwu wa wu swa sum
hxva hwu de de
LIBRARY.
ne doeshun mal ho-ighyia handa
I Corean words (to) learn "want.
w] ^^ ^t' 1'^^ tVJ:^]^]
ne narul sMungseng dejiup haghannuni.
You (for) me teacher engage, wiin
ne dejiup ha ori.
I engage, can.
ulmena
dsooghasumma.
How much
give him ?
^ ^Ai]
^'1^
Jian dale
?m^^ njrtny.
One moon
four taels.
It ^^J^ 5.^lN SH^' ^"H
dio-oon shiunshengun matdangi degoogmal ammuni.
Good teacher should Chinese speech know.
doeshun mal hoigi sooipda
Corean speech (to) learn easy.
ifl^t sl^lil ^^M
de ghoog mal boigi uryupda.
Chinese (to) learn diflScult.
51^'^ tilii ATi^i t'^' l^^h
doeshunnum nein ffuji unyug anda.
Corean women even Corean letters know.
ne deghoog mal boigi sulfa.
I Chinese speech learn don't want.
ne doeshun mal doal haghojia handa.
I Corean speech to be able want (stop).
shiunsheng chiungkayu duru ona.
Teacher invite in (to) come.
duru wassum andsushi andsura.
In (he) has come please be seated yon sit down (inferior).
piunji handiang siidsooshi.
Letter one write.
handiangun jinsMro sugo.
One Chinese letter write.
liandiangun unyuglmro sushi.
One Corean letter write.
hooshi diosowa dioti ansowa.
Pen good, good not ? (is the pen good).
ughi dio-oon mug issowe.
Here good ink (there) is.
^t jigonge hiunhiunti mot hawe. ,
This paper respectable not is.
sMgoog jiongeyu sushi.
ugM shetsegi mansowe.
Here books many.
de tseg gojiu oshi.
That book take come (bring).
^i han gwan nirugi sooipso-wuni,
isTh one volume (to) read easy is.
pan tsegi nirugi sooipso-wum.
Printed book (to) read easy.
hulyii sunffut boghi uryupda.
Character written (to) look at difficult.
SCHOOL.
thiung sung nim. jiup diang nim. gulho ya dsoo-oo.
Teacher. Assistant teacher. Reading teach (me).
ffidboyura. gulUUura. gulbattiura.
Read (learn) that. To read. Repeat lesson.
handai-e. niangjiuni ulnie shigto.
One moon wages how much ?
handare dooniang shig hanrmnda. darungun upto.
One moon two tiaos one man; other expenses are not.
^27 niunS tsoopan don niangshig dsoommuni
One year (to) doorkeeper few tiaos give.
10
ne a dul isudange ollimi diosowa dioti cmsowa.
My son this school (has) gone to, is good or good not ?
diossowe. moosoon tsegid nirumma. yijiaya chiumlsemoon nirumme.
Good. What book learn? At first 'Thousand character door" they learn.
sariag da nillutda. Mengdsa nirughatda nomi nillara.
Four Books all learn. Mencius must be learned. Analects learn.
dehagun supjiangi wuni. diomgyongun liangwunio. shidiunun yulgwunio.
"Great Learning" ten books. Golden Mean one vol. Odes ten books.
KITCHEN.
heghe kun liollodsu hanna igff^^-
Kitchen large stove one is.
jiaghungut door itda. da soU poolshi.
Small two are. All charcoal burn.
game Jcungut jiaghungut da itda.
Pots large, both, small, and, all there are.
11
sunu nu dut ge sahal itda.
Three four bowls there are.
yurughe sootgarag itda.
Good few spoons there are.
nil yadul sang leal gxoa changdsu itda.
Seven eight pairs knives and forks are.
tsalboghi dediup hngjxin da itda.
Teacups, platters, plates all are.
yuru i<^gg^ shoeshohan moolgan itda.
Good few hundreds odds and ends things are ;
da gudoovm ganshiivhashi.
All arrange properly.
aphang sarain hoollu ona.
Cook call come.
boolpoo-igho hap hushi.
Fire light food to make.
12
^t -^^ ^2^
dsoban diumshim jiunyag.
Breakfast ; tiffin ; dinner.
DINING ROOM.
moolghuni domoodi ganjiung haya dota.
Things all clean I want.
guile jil dsodsosang gullSjil. hayura {Chinese, ba)
Handkerchief, to rub. Table dust (I want).
uijiyu gullejil hashi.
Chair dust (I want).
mStdium
Jiongiwa.
yuldoodium
dinesumme.
What
o'clock?
Twelre o'clock past.
t-l
-Clojibjok oV-oj
^0)1 >r|,
hdpi
doiyanunya.
dni
doiyanunya.
Food
ready
not
ready?
51^
'^'^l
(ioeyussumn
^i.
Rea'^y-
13
^I.^J- ^JL ^-Hl ii^Al
dsodsosang daffffo dsulge iw-ooshi.
Table Bet. Food bring in.
moosoon hapi issumme.
What food is there?
nx hdpi issumme. goog mool gogi jijiin.
Eice food there is. Soup, water-flesh(fish) fried.
so gogiga surrusuni, ddsJd sangasuni.
Ox flesh underdone, again roast.
yang gogigu tadiu mugji motJvaghMda.
Sheep-flesh burnt eat cannot.
doyaji gogi jijinunde dalgail dooura.
Pig-flesh fry, • eggs put inw
1' tf ^ ^^^H^
jingaroo dug surrura.
flour * bread cut.
naul tsowa, dainggajiwa, fiochio, soghom, daoo.
Me vinegar, cayenne, paper, salt, give.
14
ft ^t.M ±^fiy
vioorul dsclne scdara.
Water (into) cup pour.
hin toadsan sichura.
White teacup wash.
so jiodi dsai'reghannun motdsarreghannun.
Cow milk enough (or) not enough ?
dsarrSyJm summe. damasiu summe.
Enough (it) 18. Drunk (l) have (finished)
hang surrura mooldog gajiona.
Kang sweep. Water jar bring.
t. A «- Ol l_ •
shin ; gatjin ; tsoshin.
Shoe ; leather shoe ; grass shoe.
VISITORS.
ne ?«M'«7 hooroondi yurulun inde.
1 you called often.
15
no moousul luinurragh anni onun.
You why not come.
ne clooie isu nwolghun sMttsussumme.
1 behind was, thinj^s washing.
nimje sorrind dutdi mot ha yussumme.
Your voice hear not (I) did.
ncighane ivassumme, mepbooniwu. shebooniwi.
Visitors have come. how many ? three honorables.
tlj o|-L-lL| ofZ) ^t|-L-)M
ne anuni adi mot hanuni.
You do recognise, (or) do not.
adi mothamme.
Recognise (I) do not ?
shinggio tagho oni. da maltagho ivassumme.
Sedanchair sitting come"? All (on) horseback have come.
satvanhanun saram issupda upsupda.
Servant — man is there (or) is not.
16
^\^ °w m' ^^ iM^-^i
mahoo ishu tsetdig dulgo loassupde.
Groom there Is, whip holding come.
miungtiup dulgo wassvpde.
(A) card bringing (one) has come.
J-H 5l3t ^A^\ A°\ ^^in
narul hogat dapda. ddi cMngoue.
Me see give. All (are) friends.
^ m^ ^5'^hH ^v^^i iHiA)
de saramdul chiunghayu gegshirro duru oshi.
Those men invite great-room in come.
desaramdul da duru wassumme.
They all in have come.
degwa jiomantsu naogirul gidoorocfra mrushi.
Them a little (till) I come (to) wait invite.
chaboou nagane dejiup hashi.
Tea pour out, guests (to) drink.
'>n^ggs kunmodaghoo baghushi.
Few large nails fix in;
17
:1V V^] ^W ^^ ^'^)
gurhn gurusM dashi jiogam nopge.
Picture bang up still a little higher.
^f^l^^ht^HD HUM
lagdi mothaghatda vghi
(nail) hold will not. Here
laghushi.
fix it.
BED ROOM.
Mool daoo sang siggatda.
Water want face to wash.
-It°l ^l^^i] mA
yi mooi'i ganjiungchi mcthada.
This water clean is not.
neberrura hinoowa, shoogun daoo.
Pour out. Soap, towel want
mool hiuvgu do-oon moon illiinira.
In water jug good water is.
sheriunpooni shilgiungi itda.
Wash bason (on) wash stand is.
18
duoon mool dao mogyog haghatda mogyog hamji gagiu ona.
Hot water (l) want whole body (to) wash. Bath-tub take come.
negha gonhani yiljug doonnoopgatda piungsang gdlgo.
I weary early recline. Bed make.
nibool onge ona.
Matlrass turn over (come.)
41 ^ril:°l ^Wl f ^^^
ne jivani tsani bool
pooyura.
My room cold, fire
light.
^-] It] ^ifl] ± ^']^ij
ioori doti mothani, soot
dudoorura.
Fire good is not ; charcoal
put on.
L-ij vm ii^u°)
ne neil yildsugMni.
You to- morrow very early.
lUit ^-el-
wasu boot pooyuru.
Come ill, fire (to) light.
^H ^%y M2-|L}-iu|-
Jiai dujjia nirund ana.
San oome oat, rise come.
19
yiljughdni. tsa han sahal viasMjia.
Very early tea one cup (l) drink.
nitdi viara moon dadara moon yiinura.
Forget dont. Door, shut. Door open.
HOUSE BUILDING.
ne jip jiggojia handa girrinun shegil girrio.
I house built want, a ; loog> thirty feet long.
Hf+ti Wig's *ifet^^^x|-
nuhomun hangil hcinio jivan nopginun hangil doodsa.
Broad one jang half (fifteen feel) Eoom high one jang two feet.
t-fe ^A m mtu^ ^\m'm
tuiin nugdsa gvpge hagho dialgo dsoboon gusun dioU anta.
Foundation four feet deep want. Short, narrow, if it is. respectable not.
damun dootsong dollo hagho iaggafun bmgdang.
Foot of wall two rows large stones want. Outside burnt bricks;
anagun hulguro hagho moonnel gooniung dooshi
Inade sundried bricks want (For) door opening leave.
20
vioon nopgvuin ulinena halgo yusut cha ban hashi.
door height how much want ? five feet half.
moon shiulgissun doo chi ban dootui Iiashi
door posts two inches half thick.
shegkan jivool jiusJii jioo-oo topjirhanda 9<^gg(J-
Three rooms build. Joiner saw wood ; (cut down with axe.)
haranvun udutle Jinramma yilgoon sdgneyu ona.
Partition how made ? Labourers hire come.
^\^^ tt) ^^t tis.K]
dejiang boollu tiulmool mendurushi.
Smith order i^on-^york to do.
gulsewa, doldoghoo saoshi oeghoog giilse haghushi.
Lock, hinges buy. ' Foreign lock put in.
moon darara sJiiuggiung tscmgoo hagho gcqwori vpsti diutda.
Window put in glass panes (put in). Glue is not (Snished.)
tianbandsn dio-oon jionge barushi dobe {dobie) hayura.
Ceiling good paper paste on. Paper the walls.
21
jiangpan dootupda, girim durntshi.
The Kang paper very thick, oil put on.
lotdiangun biggigo gidoongun gotge hagoh.
Joist (is) horizontal, posts upright (are.)
nongmaruooioe suggarrerul doolde.
Cross beams above, rafters are.
giya gore hi sedi anni haghe.
Tiles steep, rain leak not (will).
gooltongi nopdi anumiun yun gishilta.
Chinaney high, not smoke (it will).
moonool anurodo yulgo haggurodo yumma?
Door (to) inside open? outside open?
haggurodo yulge.
Outside opens.
digha joo-oo moolghunul doalmenduldi.
He joiner work can do well.
22
wajiangi boollu dagha uinun hashi.
Bricklayer call come (to) consult,
^M ^\% Mf 1!:H f ^^
degha narul bojoo hanyu dsoolga.
He me security, a, must ^ve.
^ni\ T^l^o] Kt:) ^-lAHI
gongloowa desemogi doomoodi desaram.
Labour, material all his.
' ooltarinun biugdanguro sakJco.
All round, a brick wall (must be) built.
d/xmi moolgvdiutda ; , dashi sdushi.
Wall has fallen down, again must build.
han chiunnnianguro jitdi motMghatda.
One thousand taels build (it) cannot.
jiumiun jiung givei Jiada.
To build very, dear, (it is).
23
COMPOUND.
moolginnun saram ndi issuvuna.
Water-carrying-man, where is ?
de madangi isu yirJiamme.
He (in) compound is, working.
mooljoo udi
issumma f
Master, where
is?
t-l ^' l^o^
5'':|
L. 13 '
tfe jivane
Udi
ansumma.
He in room
is
not?
^ya naghapde.
Just gone out.
jipbagge saram it da.
House outside,
men are.
ti) 9^n|
o|Ai ^t!
cff ^a^
isu irhanda.
He outside
is busy.
tch
24
viadange '>^i^gg^ shilgwa mimoo issumvm.
Garden how many fruit trees are there ?
shimooghassumma ? shimooghassumme.
Are (they) planted ? They are planted.
-1!^ ^.It' 3!1 5U
yurum metchin gutdo iggo.
Fruit producing trees there are ;
^o7 pooinun gutdo iggo.
Flower-producing trees there are.
got giva poorri manJcoominta.
Flowers, grass very many.
//jyrt Zioowe shimoongusU Jiugdi ansowe.
(In) flower pots planted few, not a.
hanuri gmnoora gotchi da imruvda.
Weather drought, flowers all dried up.
gamoora dsooghoolga moosupda.
(Of) drought, die (I) fear.
25
^^?]^n'tH^Al
hangeshig da mooldsoosM.
One by one all must be watered.
najenim ' gai . mooldsoodi 7nashi
Foreuoon must (b). watered, not;
marrulga moosupda.
(b) burnt up (l) fear.
ft Alt c^) f ^-H^ hmM
gotchid shimoolde vioosoon gusid shimooghassumma f
Flower planting what kind plant?
gagyangul da shimooghassuin.
Each kind all (I want) planted.
m ^^^ ^°i mi ^ t^4
hudu nangge nungi shilgioarul jiup handa.
(On) willow tree can apples graft.
hogsoowa namoo gajirul gajiuda hudunungge jiuphandcu
Peach tree branch take, (on) willow graft.
26
DOMESTIC ANIMALS.
bondi sho nunghi chiarul gunda, doeshun shorul mitdi vwthanda.
Native ox can cart draw ; (to) Corean ox equal (it) is not.
hondi
sho gaghiga
di'igho.
Native
ox goes
slowly.
2^1
M ^ 1 lt|-
doeshun
hang sho kugho
diota.
Corean
bull (is) large
very;
ihPH^M
i^1 t^)
gagiglm
soghayu
nose gatda. .
Goes
quickly,
mule equal to
nunghi mooguoo7i chiavul gundci.
Can heavy cart draw.
yi hang shogha saljiutda.
This bull fat.
ne «?« shogha perretda.
Your cow lean.
27
jiaglmn shogha moodun hada.
Small calf fair.
miunyange gogi diota garyangi kuda.
Sheep flesh good. Ram large.
sanyangun noogda yi yang seggi saljtutda
Goat cheap. This lamb fat.
Mill ^A]^t^-1[A
Inunoe deyoog doalmugnunda.
Beyond-border pork (is) good eating.
6oot doyaji jooyin vpda.
Boar, owner has not.
nooi jwi gamiun nooi jtvi mugmda.
Whose house he enters, whose house he is fed.
am toyaji idme seggi na-assum?
Sow how many pigs farrowed?
^m "^^^1 >+?!•■#■
hanbeyu ' yulmiugge na assum.
One birth over ten farrowed.
28
O J
yj «€«e gai diotl aiita.
These dogs good are not.
de sootgai sarani moonda.
That dog men bites.
amkai seggi nakko niyag hada.
Bitch (when) whelps born wild is.
givangi sheni jooi doamnunda.
Cat good rats (at) catching.
soot nagoo kikuda.
He - ass large.
a?H naghoo kudi anta.
She - ass large not.
de soottal bogi diota.
That cock to see good (beautiful).
amtal ludnmdang al nannunda.
Hen daily eggs lays.
29
07-ri TMiigi naldi ■ mothanda.
Duck can fly not.
gesani
moogaji silda sookku amku da itda.
Goose
neck long. Male, female, all there are,
LESSonsr -X..
WILD .ANIMALS.
mv
■^'^^M 'y•i^
hiunweyu
met doyaji manta.
Beyond border wild boar plentiful.
Jl^^
1M^Wl^-t|-
goniung
tape chijia manta.
Ninguta
bannermen numerous.
i^-f) M"-^ tl^F
dong nap
wore seniung handa.
11th and 12th moons go hunting.
1!:i'
"-i^i M'i ^ M
^mdaZ
?tMmM seniung hani.
One moon
more hunting return.
^-&
«1M:| °J;-t|-
i?i??M7/J
manta anta.
Tigers
many not. '
30
14 ^c| "i-t^
I
po^no jiugdi
anta
Leopards few
not
H-f ^l^\
°^c
uyoo; salgi;
in.
Fox ; wild cat ;
wolf.
Nt°l Jl*
nhigoari go-omn.
The N. (Ch. haodsu of dog tribe) Bear.
^|^°| B.-Y i^l X*h
sasunii kuya boghi diota.
Deer, large, (to) see good.
mehwa nogi moonoo itda.
The m. deer (axes ?) spots has.
'<'^^' jio-g^f^i ffori upda.
(Ch. paodsu) small ; tail has not.
noroo 72««^ jc-gha boori upda.
Musk deer(?) small horns has not.
^M 11-%'* °e.H U<^1 i-W
dongpigha gajaiig yuru dtrhvuni
Sables very many kinds.
31
to] Af-j ft
vuingi, "* gwung, mooldal.
Eagle ; pheasant, snipe.
LIEJSSOIsr x:i-
TRAVEL.
ne 77100716 naghaglmssu77ir7fie.
I door want to pass (=travel).
udi gaghassumi7ia.
Whither lourney ?
googiung gaglmssumme.
Sight seeing I go.
sanooe olla bada hogassum.
Hill top ascend sea to see.
sa?i orughi diosowa ?
Hill ascended easy ?
jiaghoo tadoo dioho, gurughadoo diota.
(Both) donkey back good {&) walking good.
32
nunun chia taghoo nanun multaglioo gapse.
You cart hire, I horseback go.
AAk: m<^\ ^13,A
shangdsanun chia doohju ulgkusM.
Box €art behind place.
shoesho han vioolghunnun cJiia ane dooshi.
Odds & ends things cart inside.
^R°l 14ii[ It] l^4ll|-
chia gooni diosowa dioti ansowa.
Cart driver good, good not ?
d;ioti; motdoen saram aniwuni.
Good; stupid man he is not.
sogki gapse he dzughamme.
Quickly go sun go down.
Jiegha diughamvun.
Sun has gone down.
hamirrado moosiupdi anta.
Darkened; fear no.
33
gildoo gag^ii dtota ihuim mulcli anta.
Road (to) walk good ; ian far not.
kun diumoan mrudi mot haghassumme.
Large inn reach not can.
yi viari sanapda de kiun nose yong hada.
This horse wild. That mule docile.
diwne haroo moongnunde don ulmena susstimma.
Inn one day living (in) money how much spend
jianggweidi chiunghayu ash.
Innkeeper invite to come.
onool udiro dsotsa dunassiimma.
To-day whence from started.
jivooro dsotsa wassumvie.
Home from come.
tone moonuro gagJicissumnut.
Whither so ?
34
hoog biunuro gaghassumine.
Northwards go.
hooguro ganun giri gagi dioti ansoiv uni.
North going road walk good ■ not.
kunbiwa, mool inanta.
Great rain, water everywhere.
dovghiun gagi diosowa ansou'af
Eastwards go good or not ?
damot sheboogi go.g^O' diota.
Only N. W. go good.
:|-a-o-i|^^|olo|Ai
dmgiiaine kunderi isu.
E. S. (S.E.) large temple is.
appe
geghoo)' itda.
Ahead
river is.
l\^] l^^"
gipsumma
gipti ansumma.
Deep (or)
deep not ?
35
hiomoon gunnughadi mofkincla.
(Has) rained; cross cannot.
haroo yitul dineniiun damot gunnu gc^g^^ diota.
One day, two days wait on then cross go can.
^5'^j^o) o-|-,)A-)) ^;llul ^^olil.
phingyangi iigishe mienni giriwaf
Pingyang home how many li road?
meiini doedi ansumme ; jioglwm vmu7i gaghassumme.
Li (miles) many not ; little while will reach. ^
on to] ^hHi s^i w
ikiiin giri jiung gaghi dioti anta
This road very go good not.
chia hikooe gipda dsunhul isu.
Cart tracks deep mud (all) is.
appooro gamiun dsurun giri issumma tipsumma? '
Forwards going diverging road is is not?
dsurum gjri upgo gottsoo gammuni.
Diverging road is not straight on go.
36
%1^ Ihl B:) "iT^I-
Jam girun gagi dioti anta.
High road (to) go good (is) not.
dughime secha dodrri issumme.
(Over) there cart new track there is.
ingai gadi mothaghe hamme.
People (to) go (will) not permit.
chia mooghuwu guldi mothaglmtda.
Cart heavy draw cannot.
guruya ; sa heg gune dineji mothaghatdi.
Can draw; 400 catties pass not,
giunge niruru gamiun dart iggassum.
5th watch at (we) go; moon there is.
chia muyura. he dut olla omme.
Cart, yoke. Sun risen has.
moolghuni da gcdliimne.
Things all loose.
37
moolghunul da sMrutda.
Things all in order.
'^A^\ ^i-in ^^^¥] mtt]
shiaiigchagha mooguwn mnyudi mothaghatda.
Box heavy carry (one man) cannot.
doo sunuge saram hoolln jiooshi.
Two, three men call (to) carry.
^d°-/^o-]| o.|t:I ^-|Jf-f «h
jiun yage udi inumooramma.
At night where do yon lodge %
udiga udoopdunji udi mumooi'oopse.
Where it darkens there I lodge.
menni givina giughiiyu diumi issumnia.
Few It road, every, inn there is.
diume durru moolgun durul dsoshim hashi.
Inn lodging in, of things careful be.
begma sJiane immoo didmun itda.
*Bengma mts. trees wholly, are.
* The B. mountains are a splendid range S. of Ngaijow, with a cify.
38
damn gusun vpda.
Anything else there is not.
irt 1^-i ifol ^^^ ^;^l^
gumgawg sanul gai googiung hujia.
G. mountain ?| may be visited.
googiung wasswnmS.
Touring have come.
vialge olla monjiuglvx duru boshi.
Horse mount go ahead, see.
hwanoonsheni isswmna vpsumma ?
Steamer is, is not (come) ?
giabanshen wassumme.
Sailing ship has come.
guibmri innunde hwanoonsheni solcki ondamme.
Keported it is steamer quickly come.
51-^^2°) ^o] 4^) -;vp)-
hwanoonsheni nungi sokki gamma.
Steamer can quickly go.
t The G. mountains E. of Ngaijow crowded with temples.
39
jiaghun hei sdngne yu hwanoon shene oroogJvxssumme.
Small boat call, steamer (on board go.)
mimmori miruya hwanoonsheni daimt ganimum.
Tide flows steamer (will) immediately go.
mimnocfii jvniun hwanooii&Iieni qji mothanda.
Tide ebbs steamer come canDOt.
HORSE.
ne maltagho gaghasswn,
I horseback go.
t tt^HlAl
mar andsangjiu oski
horse saddle (&) come.
marandsangi tsudiussum; jiyu tadi mothaghatda.
Saddle destroyed ; (to) saddle use it, cannot.
ne andsang haggooru gashi.
Yon saddle change go.
40
go] t^]i] <M7rmAP§^i^
mari ganjiungti cinta jiaglial, dimgdsa da gcmjmngti anta.
Horse clean is not. Bridle, stirrups all clean not.
in ^^11
hogho dolliugam.
Lead (him) go back.
marhengdsang soghe moolghun ; dash gudoojl anle ganjmng hash.
Stable inside, things ; again arranged not clean.
nanun shilta nena.
I dismiss you.
mari gadsang m^pbunini.
Spoken very often.
nSgha j^'^'^ng dutji annuni.
You obstinate hear will not.
Hf -^^ ^^y
jiurtd gongjiim dsooma.
yOur wages (I) give.
neghu dibangul tsadsara.
You (other) place seek.
41
ne dash hanpil mal saglmtda.
I again one horse (want to) buy.
yi pil soommari sanapda.
This one entire horse wild.
dil pil animal jiung dioti anta.
That one mare very good not.
ne i/i moorang marul loiii moodun hcvda.
I this gelding (to) see fair (=think him good).
i'^l ^^1 l^^l-
vudld kudi anta.
Horse large not.
ne dt-rul boni jinshiUo hdruda.
I him looking (think) hardy, fast.
licdle nungi yiheng nirul gammuni
One day can 200 li go.
5b^l >!:-^4 ^M 1^1 ^it-^ ^-'IFMHI
metche nassumma. nai vianta austini ntyhe niive.
How mnch old.^ month many not; fcair teeth.
42
de han pirun nai mana mdgusumme.
That one's mouth much; old he is.
to| ^^1-0=1 ^j-^|i|-r-»|-|^)i)A|
man garhayu hamme ; ga de moolmeghishi.
Horse thirsty (is); go him water.
mal ddmneyussum de gullyu dsooshi.
Horse perspiring him walk slowly.
mal dsunvme; tsamnal madang gullyudsooshi.
Horse crippled ; must daily be exercised.
tagho dalHura. tagho dalliji amimiun.
Ride on (him). Kide on (him) don't.
sokki gaji anunda.
Quickly walk (him) don't.
karoo uhm poorul vieghnwui.
One divy how much grass feed ?
yidmeg gun poobne gimme.
10 odd catties grass feed.
43
ulme shooshi kongool meghimma?
How mnch millet, peas feed ?
doo doe shooshi; doo doe Jcongiioe.
2 shung millet ; 2 shung peas.
pom'i vpsowe. y\l chiun gunman sashi.
Straw is not (=finished). 1000 catties buy.
shooshisdl han shemme yulme doiiiwaf
Large millet one dan (10 pecks) how much money ?
gashi dam mar sasht.
Go five pecks buy.
ne mart niyag hayu ; tagho dalliji mothaghe handa.
My horse wild js; Eide on him cannot.
sarami gavn dei'ul tami upsummuni.
Man dare him ride is (none).
44
WALKING.
niirul mitdi mothaglMtda.
(With) you keep pace (I) canuot.
o
udutJce ivussuiiima.
How have you come"^
gum ivasswnme.
Walking cojue.
meimi girina gamma ?
Many li road walked ?
t^ 12| H^]
palsiipori gavimli.
85 li come.
t°| °W 1^r| ^^l-T^
dari apa; gadi imthaghatda.
Legs pained (wearied); go on I can't.
lie
ivasu
niirul
madia
oghassiivmu'
I
come
you
meet
Lave come.
45
^rSde jiuroorul hiru suvime
On road bag (I) have lost.
nari dupta ginriyu inool nencoida.
Weather hot; on street water stinks.
^^|°^ -'HI l-t) °H\
ffurriyu gagi dioti cmta.
Street to go good is not.
??e (Ze gwahangS tmssunimat
You him together have come 1
VI li iKinl 7^^^l
?ie «z<^ gwahavge glmpse.
I you together go.
de hamdsa gamme.
He, alone, went.
degha milgu mmgi gil gadi motlmnda.
He (is) old man can road go not.
yi
jiulmoon
saramoon
mmgi
sokld
ghanda.
This
young
man
can
quickly
go-
46
INN.
JL'il 1°^| jl^J- -^|-^'4
o?iMn ^;Ve gosang hayutda.
You have come 1 wearied (you must be).
anrt^i looyussumviaf ne mumoorrooghassum.
Chief room , empty ? I want to stay.
oFol-o^l -l-oj-^l oj^^l
anaglie naghane issumm^.
Chief room guest has.
mumoorroodi motJiaghassum. sharange mwmoorroobh.
Lodge (you) cannot. Side-room lodge in.
sharatigi diosowa dioti ansowaf
Side-room good, good not?
gai mumoorrooghassum.
May be occupied.
yi hangani moodun hada.
This reom fair.
47
yi satdi ganjiungti anuni seghut haghooshi.
This mat clean not; new change.
mi} ^A ^1 5]^F wpo^
dsodsotwa, uiji da itda bapsang.
Table, chair, all there are. Small roimd table.
^j-o^i y^v] ^^i-'s' 51^1-
tsange fi^^gg^ sheggiung itda.
Window several (pieces) glass has.
gvyug diumooti da moodun hada.
On road inns all fair.
1/i gusun jiaghun dium.
This one small inn.
jooiri shengi Trwoushiwa t
Landlord's surname honorable?
mot doin; sliengi wang gewS.
Flattered 1 surname wong.
ne nungi hun hange dsadi mot haghassumme.
I can large kang sleep not.
48
•ofHfolo]Ap|.^14p|-0|.H)o^l^o^|
an bangi is$u?nma upsumma ? an bang upsowe.
Inner room is, is not ? Inner room is not.
>> o I M fs I A o TT A o 'I
giut bangi upsumma ? giut bangun issumme.
Innkeeper's room is nof? Innkeeper's room there is.
damot bool ddi-iji anasum.
But fire burn (we do) not.
1 "^W t^M "^t^^
bool deramma marramma, gooman doosJd.
Fire light or not never mujd.
piung sangina issumma.
Bed (I) have.
moolguni nagluyhm gashi moolgun ongiuno ooshi.
Things take go (away.) Things move away.
jivanuro diryu oshi
Room put to right.
tsan viool dsoosJa sheshoo Jiaghassxan.
CoW ^'">fer want (lo) wash.
49
duoon
Hot
moot
water
sidta.
don't want
^V^l P-1 Ap). v)^] oYMv}
dambe mugsumma
Tobacco eat (smoke)
mughuldml
%'A
inugdi
eat
ansmnnm.
not?
Eat
diume
Inn
11
?M1
moroomme.
(I) will not.
mocnisid
what
^i:»)
muggulge
to eat
o
5JM
issumma.
has?
diume
Inn
hahoon damot sooshi sal
food only millet
iwum.
IS.
Ml ^^qy 1^)^, Oj^p.,^,
Til
<Zd
dooboowa.
baitsai
tssummum.
Also pea-curd, cabbage
jh) °.l ^
Meat
OA
issupda
is
4 °i^-&^
>
iipsupda ?
is not ?
J^-'^r-llH^^^M^lfAl-ll-^tf
upsupdi
None.
dalgail
Eggs
issupda 1
are there ?
nungi dal saghasupda f
Can fowl buy?
50
mossaffhassupda. y^^ft^g ffogi shogogi da upda.
Cannot buy, mutton, beef all are not.
yi gushi moosoon diumiwa.
This what (kind of) inn"?
yi damot dsurum giriwe. incmnai dioti mot hada.
This only bye road. TraflSc good not.
moolghun sasu nooighe palgo.
Things buy (to) whom sell?
nipsdl issumma? do upsowe.
Eice is there? Also is not.
tsondsange isu galgushi issumma f
The village in merchant is there ?
jiaghun maimai issujn.
Small merchandise there is.
nipsdl innundi umnundi dmngti mot haghassum.
Rice is is not, certain (I am) not.
51
H^U* ^1-^^ ''W >^1*^1
ne saram sMgiu gashu sashi.
You man send go buy.
^A 1st- 3)<^^] -SA^A^^'A
di dora wassummaf dora wassumme.
He returned come? Keturned has.
yi dibang hubnar upsoii-e.
What a place this is ?
jooin chiung hayuwa hemhashi.
Innkeeper call to settle accounts.
neil giunge gaghassum.
To-morrow 5th watch (I) start.
DIRECTIOIS" AND POSITION.
DoesJmnul vdiro homma.
Corea whither looks?
dongnamuro homiun.
E, S. (=S. E.) looks.
52
d(yiig hoog poong tsagiga niag hada.
E. N. (=N.E.) wind, cold bitter.
sliinam
poong
hoolgigha gojcmg kuda.
W. S. (S.W.) wind
blows very hard.
ofepj;^
^o^\ ov^\
arasanun
boog« itda.
Eussia
north is.
^^
^^yo^] Hl-r). ^Vrl-
donghoog
dongimmS
bada itda.
N. E.,
S. E.
sea is.
t^lo-)clo^t^o^-,|5>A
ne udi
: innui
I vghi issum.
You where are '\
f Here I am.
^t
o-jrl
5!:^ ^-b)24
doggoo
udi
mnu7i dughi tssum.
Hatchet
where
is ? There it is.
o^r
l\-l
o\-m] 7,M
udi
ghanun
ape gamme
Whither
go?
Ahead I go.
udooro omina de dooiro ommi.
Whence come? (From) behind come.
53
Ml Vl T^K'^ °|AA|
ne 7i€ dsdpiiinS ishishi.
You my left side stand.
M VI ^^d-tl t±^
ne ne oopiune andsuhi.
You my right side sit down.
giutte shun sarami nansowe
Beside, standing men (are) many.
°L^±^
t^ o AA|
antsrishi
a?j<SM7S^zis/«'
Sit down ;
please sit down.
•U-c
^til^f-H
andi
anhxsswnmS.
Sit,
I will not.
°L!4t^ i|- <^h'^H|
antsuldeffha
upsowe.
Sitting down
no (room).
f%/ja noousu dsamwe.
He lies down to sleep.
t|^^tfx|L|^-|L|-xlo^|^L|^^l^5!:5^:|-
niruanshx niruanji anni inotniru ankatda.
Get up. Get up (can) not. (I will) not get up.
64
niruandsushi niruanji am.
Stand up. Stand up (l) can't.
guriu sarami mana.
On street men many.
^^ trtHi "^^1^1 ^M
hoondsoo hapde. miltiji mashi
Crowds press. press don't.
widsu Jom ffidoomshi
Stand. I little stop.
ne andsUf gtdoorushi mothaghatda.
I stand, stop cannot.
^t ^°| %^^\
moosoon iri issumma.
WLat business is there ?
Bhhf ^oi) ,:i|e|3hA
degha moolsoge berighassum.
He (in) water fell.
guttiu guggooru dimme.
Slipping fell down.
55
|I^| lrHr])^4
miltiu numudighasswn.
Pushed fell down.
O
dungjigha gunu diutda duru diutda.
Stirrup gave way ; I fell down.
•^hf-^-l^^l- ^i^] ^4
EXCHANGE.
gwriyu nagha unghap dutgo.
Street go silver-price ask.
dorrawa neghe guihiul haski.
Eetum me inform.
^2.^] tit ^°i trj- °o'^'^^°i t ^»-
mooushi hapdang ; uni hapdang yang jiuni hapdang.
What (is) profitable ; silver profitable (or) dollars profitable.
yangjiuvi nooggu hapdangji anni.
Dollars cheap, profitable oot.
ifi hangi un bagoorru gasJa.
This one (shoe) silver change go.
56
uhne doongiwa sooin sugh mang nu don noog poon.
How much weight ? 50 (&) 3 taek, 4 mace, 6 cand.
yi han dungi menniang iwa.
This one ' button," how many taels ?
"-n ^^^^«
nugh niang nilgoop don doo boon.
4 taels, 7 mace, 2 cand.
dse haghji un join tullimmum.
Loose silver, a little discount.
t-'b^-l ^l^'l i^^'^i'-l
lian niangu han doo boon tullimmuni.
One tael, one, two cand. discount,
yang jiuni yug tullimmuni.
Dollars also (have) discount.
°| Jl X|t°M-|A-|
yi got dsu oori kusu.
This place, weights heavy,
ne uni doopooni ■ poojiog.
Your silver 2 cand loses.
57
o|-&°lS^litl^-^|-ol<
This silv
doni
Must
It
'er
JiteAi (foft" mothaya.
quality good not.
ttilUghassumme.
bear discount.
MERCHANDISE.
L-lp£o)o-|L|-l|-t^i^iCl|
ne gunu nagha moolghun salde.
You street go things buy.
moosoon moolghun saghassumma ?
What things buy ?
^an^ wo^t wooggi dasvt sa sassumme.
Foreign cottons cheap five feet buy.
moosoon shishe duru summa.
What price enquii-e.
yt cha yi manchi <inniya data.
This tea, ' much not good.
58
hdg tangi dosowuni.
White sugar fair.
nS moosoon shilgwarul panunf
You what fruit sell ?
ugi chido iggo tagwan chido iggo.
(Both) native there is (&) Outside produce there is.
g&igushi motdoin moolghun.
Those not good goods.
yang moolghun ongushi jiugdi ansowuni.
Foreign things come, few not.
lie moolghuni dio-oona, daviot bissada paldi mothaghatda.
Your things good, but dear. Sell, you cannot.
jiog'iom natsooiva palghassummn gapslii manti ansowuni.
Little less sell? Price much not.
fcloV.n|.AP=l^p]-^Al
paldi anhasivniun gooman dooshi.
(If) sell not J there's an end of -it !
59
jiogJiom dudsooshi diudsoodi ankatda.
(a) little add. Addition (is) not.
paldi ankassumme ; boonjiuni motdoimi.
Sell (I) will not ; Cost price, not (np to).
^ui gapse donul mitdiu don mitdidi anni. ,
That price money lose. Money lose cannot.
yi doo mal lipsal doishi o beg gun soot dallushi.
These 2 pecks rice, measure. 500 caties charcoal weigh.
nooghooru ho hamma.
Who security (will be) ?
yi sat maimed uduru sowa.
This time merchandise, how is?
moodun hada un gapski naja yang moolghuni ginne issumme.
Fair ; silver price fallen. Foreign goods gone up are.
guirumoon upsulga.
(In) that case is there none ?
60
miungdigha numu bisoa ; paldi imthagluitda.
Pongee loo dear ; sell cannot.
gajoog nihoori uhnena huwa hungu&ul dallamiun kungusJd itda.
Fur rug how large ? How large for want, so large is.
kun niboori noogsoiva? bissa sadi
mothaghatda.
Large rug how much? Dear buy
cannot.
o^l^if-^^?)L)-5;^af-
yu-oo g<yoog uhnena issvmma.
Fox fur how many are ?
ulmana dallanun ulniena itda.
How many (you) want how many are.
yi bidane, jomi isu, shang hayatda
This satin, worm, is in, injury received.
^i gushi gwangiuchi ansowuni.
This important not.
61
NUMBER.
tK)-:ft;^°^t|o;r|-^c.|^^loff
hanna ; doo)- ; suit ; nuit ; dasut ; yusiit ; nilgo ; yadul.
aoop; yul ; yiUlmnna; yiddasut ; sumool ; sumoorhamia.
9, 10, 11, 15 &c. 20, 21 &c.
ohiurun; sMunmhanna, maoon; maoonhana.
30 31 <fec. 40 41 &c.
shooiun; shooiunhamm ; esoon esconhanna nirun.
50 51 &c. 60, 61 &c. 70 &c.
yadun : ahun ; yiHeg ydheg sumoorhanna.
80 &c. 90 &c. 100 121 &c.
yi beg ; samheg ; sabeg ; dbeg ; moogheg chilheg palheg.
200 &c. 200 &c. 400 500 600, 700, 800,
goobeg yilchiun yilchkn yilbeg ; sarmhiun.
900, 1000 1200 &c. 3000 &c. as in hundreds.
62
yilnum; yihnan palchiun man man.
10,000 18,000 &c. myriad myriads.
hin damn shiurun nario jaglmn damn mmoo ahurhaio.
Large moon 30 days small moon 29 has.
ban damn yuldassedi sumooyusse
dineyer
gaghatda.
Half moon 15 26 days,
after,
I go.
f^^'^'fflira^l-
shiurun nilgoap chiug hegha itda.
87 "sail" ships are.
LENGTH, CAPACITT, LAND, WEIGHT.
gilgoo dalgocn soohioga yul pooni han chio.
Long and short measure 10 fractions, one inch.
yul cMgha han dsaio yul dsai han girio.
10 inch one foot. 10 feet one jang.
dasut dsai han hoio.
6 feet one (double) pace.
63
^^-i-ii^attM
sam leg esoon
I
hogha yil Ho.
360
]
paces 1 li'
t
s|ih
^
t^l
yul
doigha
han
mano.
10
pints
one
"peck."
yul mart han shumio.
10 "pecks" 1 "bushel."
ytil jpooni han niangio yulyut niangi han gunio.
10 fractions 1 oz. 16 ozs., one catty (ft)
yil beg guni Iian shumio.
100 catties 1 picuL
jiaghun beyu nunghi yadun shumul shiggatda.
Small boat can 80 piculs hold.
darushi ige metguni tnna.
Weigh this how many lbs. there are.
64
GRAIN.
doeshunun dei/usut gaji nipsdl nanda.
Corea 5, 6 kinds rice produces.
shivxxrun sarami manads nwdos nipsdl mungnunda.
Capital men many, all rice eat.
sanuboon sarami jiughudo dsopsdi rnmignunda.
S. (N. mountain) men few, email millet eat.
gidsangi, hoolgoodso, pi giomeg.
3 vara., of small pannicum. Buckwheat.
jiaghun mire jingdlgi nagho.
Wheat flour produces.
horinun siyoo dioonan noorooghd memdinda.
Barley (for) spirits to makes, yeast makes.
adsuggarinun mayooga nammuni.
Castor plant oil produces.
65
tsanggenun tseng girwn namrauni.
Sesamum fragrant oil yields.
Ji1^A>|o^|:^-^^|■y■f^IL|
mogha sIm hugyooga nammuni.
Cotton seeds the h. oil yields.
nogdooway pagguro gai garoo men dimmunL
Green pea, small pea may vermicelli make.
» • ♦
VEGETABLES; FRUITS.
shighumchi; sengcki; yulmoo-co; giuji wa; moo-oo.
Spinacb ; lettuce ; radish ; bitter turnip ; turnip.
gajirul ; vianul pangi denggaji, gochio, dalloo.
Eggplant ; garlic ; onion, cayenne, pepper, small garlic.
daenun oghogi nagho nanggenun shilgwa mechinda.
Earth 5 fruits produces. Trees fruits bear.
shilgwa rmnge sMlgwarrul ddgho.
Fruit-trees fruit pluck.
66
salgoonangi manjiu got pooinda he, hogshoowa.
Apricot first flower opens. Pear, peach.
engdo, oijajh sagwa, sJdungnoo, hodo, dilgwangi.
Cherry, plum, apple, pomegranate, walnut, "Haw,"
dedbo, bam, gemi garenun segJiaji podoo itda.
Buckthorn, chestnuts, hazels. Harvest, 3 kinds grapes are.
TIME.
degha gudsugge wassumme. gegi udsugge gapde.
He day bef. yesterday came. Guest yesterday went
onurun giururi upda neilwa hemjiung hapse.
To-day leisure have not. To-morrow settle accounts.
movenun negha udi naghaghassumme.
Day after-to-morrow I travel (war^t to) go.
Vl>|^difi:-l|2irt-3tr|
ne guniune dioong googe watdaghatdi.
I last year China aixived in.
67
Jiunrdune shijiuri doti mothada.
Year before last season good not.
gumniune jiunniune hihamiun dota.
This year, preceding years, compared with, good.
miung niune shingwan doim Jianda.
Next year new magistrate will come.
monjiotdal onun dal.
Last moon ; next moon.
vmnje toasmmma yijia wassumme.
When eome' Just come.
damot wassumme sokhi nirurru summe.
Directly will arrive. Quickly will come.
ne damot gaghassumme degha yijki gapde.
I directly will go. He just gone.
jioghom yisumiun gooman doo gliassum.
Little while will be finished.
68
ulme anni itda dota.
Much (time) not will be ready.
d^gha onun degha issummum.
He come long time is.
M|5^io|/|fo|4^|u|4e-|>i|
nero on guri. sijiuri soMd rururru summe.
Ancient come book. Time quickly come will.
Hooche omiun nungi nurul ungti mothaghatda.
Afterwards can you agree to ( I ) cannot.
o|Tf|^|o^fa^r|o|x)^^)-3J;i:|-
yi deine vduruldi aji mothaghatda.
In future how (it may be) ( I ) know not
liegha doda omme. Hegha diu gkaimne.
Sun risen come. Sun set gone.
ne ildsughani gaghassum.
I early will start.
l!A)^°j:oi^TH(:i£|-o3j-4
yilshi dongan imiun damot doraoghassum.
Two hours time, in, presently will return.
69
najtgiooru wassummaf atmmenun hapba.
Afternoon come? Forenoon busy;
gadsang odi mot hayutda jiun yog nari tsawe.
Better come not. Evening cool.
naje degha mHogho bamS hool hegho gul londa.
Daylight he reads. At night fire (=lamp) lights book, looks at.
5lf )Jo|^o|ct:|-^;^^p-|u)
hamjhd hani oya damot dsammuni.
Midnight come, then sleeps.
bami yudun damot moon dada gurushi.
Dark it is, then door close.
yi giwmi omun japse o giungi omiun nirunaski.
2nd watch j/hoiild sleep ; 5th watch sbonld get up.
nahnadang yiri itda dalmadang htoonoonsheni landusM onrnmrn-
Every day busmess is. Monthly steamer sure to come.
hemadang doobunshig gogsMugdul gfudoo-oommuni.
Yearly twice crops cut down.
70
niun niun dongji dal dongjiyu whangshangi tiundam je hammuni.
Yearly winter solstice moon, at solstice, Emperor heaven-altar sacrifices i<K
WEATHER.
hi onungusul surriyu hamnuif
Eain fall, fear of?
hurioomml ; hi ommuni hi ogi mujnrmun malgo
Cloudy; — raining. Eained; cleared up.
haram Jcurmun nungi hiodi matliagho.
Wind great can rain not.
goorocmhitchi nopado, hiodi mothammum.
Clouds high rain cannot.
huiioonnari gfwmoonniun^ handmhi hioghoja hammuni^
Cloudy, very dark, must rain.
hunge Jtamun, handmhi osrujil hammuni.
Lightning is, certain to thunder.
71
giuooreiiun bcogpoovgi manta murrumeiiuv, nainjjooiiffi wantd.
WinttT, N. wind ranch. Summer, S. wind prevails-.
$f o|< ^ ;,] o^l B ^ t),.).t|-
ehoo-ooi/a, sokki w-wiml taghatda.
Cold, quickly ice walk-able.
Jam haram hoonda, moonc nagJiagi dioc/ii anta.
Great wind blows, door go out good not.
baram nwggudun gat yoghntda.
Wind 6t0[)[)ed may go (out).
nan-i udurro sovoa jomi sian diokatda.
Weatlser how? At present good.
neil htoghassumma . annioglutssuinma.
To-raorrow rain or not ?
laramul boni bii-ul garni anhoclii viothag/iatda.
Wiud seeing, rain dare security not.
72
BODY.
muri apooda miiri oowe murigil itda.
Head-acbe. Head on hair 19.
doonggoog mramun mtiri g'^'ggo.
China men hair sliave.
doeshun saramun murigil doonda.
Coreans hair preserve.
noonjiungsin dtoti mot hada S/iogiung bodi motkaghassumma.
Eyes good not. Blind man seen have (you) not?
ne gwigha diota. de ghusun gioi miugdiangx.
Your ear good. His ear deaf.
ni apooda yi nulguninun ni tipda.
T«x)th-ache. This old man tooth has not.
lll^?|^°^|?|t^t^)A|^^^^5St|•1^Jll4
nigha ipsoghi itda de sarami hetdoghi jilgida.
Teeth in mouth are. That man's tongue stiff.
73
mai'ul dutdi imthaghatda kogha nungi hang nerul maggatda.
Speech (lisUiict not. Nose can fragrance, stench sraell.
ffittsumna '^' oji opooda ne iji hankmn saiiuu dut.da.
Congliing, throat pained I this OT)e hand stupid.
hankiun sone dasut gojxdi smnolhu garuchinan gushi vwovshi ni.
One hand 5 fingers Point with finger point out what ?
tlltM^I- l-]|tE|lt|-
ne sontop gilda. ne dwri dota.
Your finger-nails long. Your legs good.
jiaghun sin shinuni bari opooja lianhun hare, dasut gajidi.
Small shoes on, foot pained One foot, 5 toe?.
tsoiisaram parenun gulbugi itda.
Labouri'r's aira strength has.
de suram pulgubangii-ul huyu neritiutja.
That man's arm at elbow, cut fallen down.
moghoce hundi nuuda de saravi iiioJheiatn diang hunde.
Neck wound received. This skin grew sores.
74
yi samm saljiutda de sarav<e moihe ffinuhcing hada.
That man stout. His body vifjnrons is.
wome Jiun hiugdagJioo mantianta jiaghun hiugdaghoo met heggeni.
Body large bones few ; small bones several bnndj-ed.
maurni apoogho baildo opooda onrro'ni apoogho.
Heart pained. Bowels pained all body pnined.
hurrido apooda hagjil ivga boue de yvgsiii hannu.
Back pained. Ague has. He small- pox has.
desaram jooggasum bdtdiu jooghoon gooshin.
He died, drowning died.
tadiu jooghom gcoshin.
Burnt died.
mog inaiyu joogKon gooshin.
Strangled died.
inooggu jooghoongooslnn dog-havgut mugunna.
Strained by rope >^i^ Doison eat.
round body /
76
^A-Ii^i:f ^d ^t^-]
■susuro joojhoongooshin mog diiTV
Suicide died lliro.at-cnt.
%^°-ilKf^il^^J-°i
^^^i'
■hire jooghoongoosMn moghwju
Jooghoongoosltin,
Cut by sword died. Beheaded
died.
^^lo t:V)oI:]-/^
Jiuri buin gcoihin.
Cut-ia-lwo died.
SENSES. ToncH.
4ji run hiiigha dosvwa doti misowa 'iiimiju bo>>hi.
This kind colton good good not? Feel see.
viajidi auk uasmnme. hodi munjidi mushi. ne inuvjidi ansumnii.
Feci ( I ) don't want to. Look, touch don't. I touch will not.
-f-lt
SIGHT.
homma ? woousul boonuvge vpda.
moousut
What thing book at t anytJbing to look at la not.
76
derul yiinoo bowai-swn Ijoioassuiiime ne cmi boyhnsnum.
Him, li.Tve seen? Have scf^n. T not have seen.
de oegooq mram ho>ki siivdmi nuiiia bo)i mot luiyJiasiUin.
That foreijrn mnn look at. Men many see cannot.
gariivu ne boji molhaglmtda.
Obstruction, — I see cannot.
nurul boUedoo boji molhaghutda boji Jiiot hughasi>vpda.
You do see, see not? See cannot.
bodi mashi ; bulge upsoice negha gunshi htntui nooniue.
fiOok don't; seen, it should not be. I near sij>!itwl eyes.
mundi boji motkainme gunshighmg guhi.
Far see cannot, short sight spectack-s wear.
tl-5^o)H^tf^l;>Io| itll^tltc)-
diimot nungi boghussiim ne angimigi doti mot haghutdit.
Then can see. Your spectacles good not.
77
HEARING.
t-te£l ^1| it|- L-I]f 0-1 ^ii-Hj-
t/e fc'i f^"^.'?*" ^^''^f' vedara bowara.
That air hear good. You listen.
gwi mugha dutdi mothaghatda giuirul gcijang stidi mothaghatdu.
Ear heavy hear cannot ear very useful not.
deghushi cfwi miugdiangi.
He deaf.
ne sarame marul durum.
I men speak heard.
lMtil°|:i|ftiaM
wosu, neui gui hiurid duruni.
Yon come; your news (let me) hear.
sarami jsu nerul gwun ham; ni mat dangi durura.
Man is you advises; you should hear.
till^-llS'llol^'ilol
ne duru hoicannuni urn nuni.
You heard have or not?
78
7)uil dutji mothayusswnnie.
Speech heard have not.
Din (hin tuannunde mal dutji mothayusmimna.
Din, excelling, conie Bpeech heard or not?
e. — X ta
mal durussum.
Said, have heard.
do boji mothttyiissumine^ do dutji mothayussumn.e.
Also seen have notf and heard hare not.
TASTE.
°ltiiK)TllAi^hi5ii]-i>ii|-
yi silgiua mughuloshi inuggi dosowa dochi ansowa.
This fruit taste eating good good nof?
muggi dosoice mass/a dowa dcisut rnasshi issoue.
Eating good; taste good. Five tastes are.
siglio, dalgo, sugoo, mepgoo ddghoo.
Sour, sweet, bitter, acrid, talt.
79
f/i dasut viassid ujji hoongan gorui Jncahashi.
These five tastes how distinguish? Mix logether.
da ip-un issudo, da nungi viasul hoon-gan motliaghatda.
All month have, all can taste distinguish not.
SMKLL,
l°I-^°l«'f:tL)o)i5t:i)4tHA|-
koi nungi matuni yi dimbe vmtahoshi.
Nose can sinell. This tobacco smell.
iggochi hiangmi itda nmrrume guri nenanda.
This flower fragrant is summer street stinks.
SICKNESS.
ne avani hiung hani negha avioorumCon do piununti.
My father is ill I myself very well not.
ni
soksohki
gasu
id yun
chiunghayii
ona.
You
quickly
go;
doctor
summon
come.
80
tiiymii meg hogho.
Doctor pulse feels.
hiutdaghi nemirui-M bqise hungi gajang dulmwe.
Tongue put out to see. Illness at height.
ieriug issum, ?jag jiuslii
Materials are, medicine mix'.
tcmg yag issum mi-.ggi diota.
Liquid med. there is, taken easily.
garoo y^giw inooi'e ta mashigo.
Powders, water use to swallow.
liaroo hwan yag sliebim mugushi.
Daily pill, 3 times eat.
dsoban jiuiie ; jiunyag lioo yag muggo.
Breakfast before ; supper, after, med. take.
yag mugumiun bandushi dam nani.
Medicine taken, certainly perspire.
81
{jai vwone naghaji mashi.
May door out not go.
mome gulliugi upda, bandiishi bo yagul sushi.
Body strength has not, must fortifying naed. take.
hwaglia oruni ; nieng yagul sushi.
Fever has got ; cooling med. take.
hiungi dioong ha duni. join dullim me.
Illness increased. A little lighter.
nu abani udurrussowa jom nassowe.
Your father how ? A little better.
micuggu wu tohaghassum.
Stomach inclined to vomit.
biungna doonnooushi, antsu nirunaji mothamme.
He is ill, has fallen down, stand up cannot.
82
RELATIONS.
o[H|L|o)-^|o^f/^b|-1^r|<Ml|:lL^|
avani avwom mine ddra gadiimgniin devgttS.
Father ; mother ; son ; daughter ; husband ; wife.
hiwngnien jiugliuna lunnooi faghiinnooi c/tiiigu
Older brother ; younger brother ; older sister ; younger sister ; friend.
XiESSOIsT SIXIIX-
CRKMINAL.
chiaooe guru mrami issiqnJi^.
Cart, on, many men arc.
hogpane hanmt dsoin immitdr t^oeftL^u/lo vlgliai<itpd<^.
Centre, in, one bound is. with iron chain bound.
gut ghumti do niooji gaoiisapde.
Those others all soldiers.
udsut ■jiunyag sain giunge yisule goonsd issvpde.
Yesterday evening 3rd watch 20 soldiers were.
8'i
mal tayho taoiiij muiyo ; iitjo 'j-^ul lutriyh'ino ?
Riding, innskets carrying; Wbat to do gone?
d oodi (iHun gnsul dalhinuiir.
Ex'orlioiiate man to seize.
ilerid ainconaro ilsuhncjhapde.
Him to yamen they took.
saihnun dunije antguaa di'^nram moomiule.
His excelli'ncv court sat. Hlin examined.
7iim>-^ooH dsncriil dnnig hnyho d^rul yi bey yerul iipde.
AVhat jMMiishnient given ? Him 200 blows beat.
ilooiLil hd .dtiooiidj Jitom-inn ijiotiyhe dod.<uyiice.
Two months cangue carry. Examined many robbers.
derul bull dsoero dinuyhupde na'l neda burn damme.
Them to beheading punishment sentenced. To-mon'ow go to be beheaded.
sonysi.e
don
anniinittn
ulti
until.
To law
money
without,
good
not.
84
tson dsange innan gushi saram soeyinumgui^ld isswn.
Village in, a man oppressing is.
de gimhetjusd deglte gohaJe gwaiiini clerul dsahagciiiuie.
His neighbours liim accuser!. Lictors him seized.
de doraommde htirul vlgu^mm.
Hitn brought back fetters bound.
SOLDIER.
tji gwshiretchigha, yi moogpooiu dievulnni.
1'his officer, of 6th button.
degha sdwmd dsurlunja de nungi opooiue ollanuju.
He fighting brave. He can 5th grade rise to.
°PKI-|>^}t-'|^t-^|
yi gwanbiungi sdicme motgiunde.
These soldiers fightins: defeat'^d.
de saram dingdsai nl atgiwassuin.
His button taken (fi-oni him).
^sW^^i^lVJtM'
i^4°l^"Tl^!
85
-•^
P
dodsugi irotf/iun diussum.
Eebels fled.
yi dciinun sdwue motgiundimi upda.
His excellency fighting defeated never.
Jcunyoonsa nac/hapde luunsoonun goonsarul tsadi hagho.
Great army has gone. Coramander army (is the) leader.
gooslurrachinun a moomo.
Messengers (are of the) yaraen.
gunnun guonsa gooshirrachi/ bodam goossewuni.
Infantry, messengers, • than, better.
inaltan goonsa nungi hiusurrul Itammum.
Cavaby can officer become.
tepiung hani sdumul aui hanimi.
Peace it is, fighting will not be.
86
COLOUR.
purung j)ool purung uihog purung hanid.
Green grass; dark bine clothes ; bine heavens.
nmmmmHAmL
salgoo gotchi hoolgo Ian bit melnva googhivanun nom'uks hoolgo.
Apricot flower red — white colour. Rose flower yellow, red.
gu 7)10(41 bit gwnooii saram n/iin sat.
Black clour, black man, blue bird.
hoe seg dsadi oyaji tsoi-og.
Grey colour purple plums deep green.
MORAL.
goonghan saramul gundusM doioadsooshi.
Poor man pity assist.
booUiang hada yi sarami dogha doottupsotvS.
Have mercy on. This man very generous.
87
rnmwi sanaoon giLiun mramid boolsiangi anuiamme.
Heart hate men, pity knows not.
dutdut Iinn 7)uua7iun damoti giwuni.
Persevering mind is just the constant
numu Jmngti nuifhi.
80 Ftnbborn be not.
gongpxung haninun toesa ansumviS.
Honest man retreat will not.
goodoomnnn damot goodcon vmum.
Perverse man is just hard heart.
ag-han gushi sulfa matdangi jtovgue diuti onun saram.
Wickedness (may be hated) Ought bear good-not-man.
derul honi goth ghassiipda gottiji mot/iagliassupda.
Him, to see, repent repent not
iaram sarang haghirul jeinovi gatti.
Men, love, Belf (same) as.
88
avani urunarul gjihlci sarang handa.
Father cliilrl dearly loves.
d^ dejiup tulhnmpda.
Him treats well.
o|A^Bj■o|:fl|^j-c)-r^|1)-;.)-E^-t|x)
yi saraini per.ipdct degha saram tigi.
TLis man hastv tptnppr. He men beats.
eonuro euram tigho gvrundvnig urodo saram tinda.
Wi Lb fist men beats; wiili slick men beats.
SOUL.
ynngshinun hundushi dtooghado Hung wlionun d^oogdi annuiida.
Boly mast die. Soul die cannot.
hang wlioni pho ji grrei hangushidi husunap mothaghatda.
Soul most precious is. Transmigrate cannot.
sarainun pxlgninggut saram.
.Man to the last is man.
89
tarami hiun hayu gi^oald an ni-wuni.
Men change gods demons c.innot.
liungwhoni slieJicnig dim'uoom ihutda.
Soul, worM defiled by.
jivvgsimi anmmiim olti anta. dooghoon maum.
Ui ri"-lit mind, without, well is not. Straight bearL
o|ttflltc|fA|toj|t]t));)o];^r)Ll
yirul Jwne gai niaugaimul iighvrrutiji ansumrmmx.
lousiness doing, must conscience oppose not.
udin maum.
Conscience or virtue.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
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