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THE    CORRECT 
PRONUNCIATION 


OF 


LATIN 


ACCORDING    TO 
ROMAN     USAGE 


Publishers: 

ST.  GREGORY  GUILD.  Inc. 

1705  Rittenhouse  Square 

Philadelphia  3,  Pa. 


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THE  CORRECT 
PRDIVUIVCIATIDIV    OF    LATIIV 
ACCDRDIIVG   TO  RDMAIV  USAGE 

Rev.  Michael  de  Angelis,  C.R.M.,  Ph.D. 

With  Phonetic  Arrangements  of  the  Texts  of 

THE  ORDINARY  OF  THE  MASS 

REQUIEM  MASS 

RESPONSES  AT  MASS 

BENEDICTION  HYMNS  and 

HYMNS  IN  HONOR  OF  THE  BLESSED  VIRGIN  MARY 

Edited  by 
Nicola     A.     Montani 

Copyright  1937  by  the  ST.  GREGORY  GUILD,  Inc. 
Printed  in  U.  S.  A. 

Price  $1.00  net 

Discount  for  quantities — Postage  extra 


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vijii^'yrsi. 


GPiiege  of  Music 
Ubraiy 


NIHIL  OBSTAT 

C.  J.  KANE 

Censor  Deputatus 

IMPRIMATUR 

t  THOMAS  JOSEPHUS  WALSH 

Episcopus  Novarcetisis 

22  juLii  1937 


f  A 

F  3  1 


Editor's  Note:  Father  De  Angelis  was  born  in  Anagni  (ancient  capital  city 
of  the  Hernici),  situated  thirty 'Seven  miles  southeast  of  Rome.  He  received  his 
early  education  at  the  Gymnasium  (Grammar  and  High  School)  and  at  the 
Seminary  of  Anagni.  In  1904  he  went  to  Rome  to  pursue  his  studies  in 
Philosophy  and  Canon  Law  at  the  Gregorian  University.  He  remained  in  that 
Institution  for  eight  years  during  which  he  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  and 
the  Doctor's  degree  in  Theology.  Father  De  Angelis  was  ordained  by  Cardinal 
Respighi  in  the  Basilica  of  St.  John  Lateran  in  1908.  In  1912  he  was  appointed 
pastor  of  the  largest  parish  in  Anagni  and  held  that  position  until  he  was  called 
to  Rome  to  establish  the  new  parish  of  Monte  Sacro. 

Father  De  Angelis  had  for  his  teachers  such  renowned  professors  as  Canon 
Zapponi,  Rector  of  the  Seminary  in  Anagni  and  Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin; 
Canon  Professor  Anelli  and  Monsignor  Verghetti  (renowned  Latin  scholar  and 
Hymnographer  of  the  Sacred  Congregation  of  Rites),  both  students  of  the 
CoUegio  Pio  at  Rome,  and  Doctors  in  Theolog}^  After  almost  a  decade  of 
service  in  Rome,  Father  De  Angelis  came  to  the  United  States  at  the  request  of 
the  Most  Reverend  Thomas  J.  Walsh,  Bishop  of  Newark,  N.  J. 

He  occupied  the  post  of  Professor  of  Latin,  Itahan  and  Liturgy  at  the  Immacu- 
late Conception  Seminary,  Darlington,  N.  J.,  and  at  Seton  Hall  College,  South 
Orange,  N.  J.,  for  some  years.  He  was  chaplain  of  Villa  Lucia  for  six  years  and 
w^as  Professor  of  Latin  and  Apologetics  at  the  same  Institution.  He  was  also 
instructor  of  Latin  at  the  Newark  Diocesan  Institute  of  Sacred  Music.  He 
has  conducted  special  classes  for  the  teachers  of  Latin  in  the  Diocesan  Schools, 
Academies  and  Colleges  and  as  a  result,  greater  uniformity  has  been  achieved  in 
the  pronunciation  of  Latin  throughout  the  entire  Diocese  of  Newark.  At  the 
present  time  he  is  Rector  of  St.  Joseph's  Church,  Lodi,  N.  J. 

The  publication  of  this  work  is  timely  and  acquires  particular  importance  in 
view^  of  the  repeated  requests  on  the  part  of  the  Holy  See  for  the  universal 
adoption  of  the  Roman  pronunciation  of  Latin  in  speaking  and  singing  the 
Liturgical  text  in  Ecclesiastical  functions. 

It  is  issued  in  response  to  a  general  demand  on  the  part  of  scholars, 
teachers,  choirmasters,  organists  and  singers  who  desire  to  obtain  the  opinion  of 
a  qualified  authority  on  the  much-debated  question  of  the  true  Roman 
pronunciation  of  Latin. 


The  Correct  Pronunciation  of  Latin 
According  to  Roman  Usage* 

REV.  MICHAEL  DE  ANGELIS,  C.R.M.,  Ph.D. 

CHAPTER  I 

>^^HE  main  purpose  of  this  work  is  to  cast  light  on  the  intricate  and  involved 
^^y  question  of  the  correct  pronunciation  of  that  noble  language  which  has  exer' 
cised  such  a  great  influence  on  our  living  languages,  not  excluding  English,  which 
derives  about  one'half  of  its  roots  from  the  Latin. 

The  following  statements  are  addressed  to  all  who  are  interested  in  this  question, 
but  are  intended  particularly  for  Catholics  who  are  all  in  some  manner  or  another 
concerned  in  this  vital  subject. 

The  brevity  of  this  work  does  not  permit  us  to  refer  to  the  response  of  the  Epis' 
copate  to  the  wishes  of  the  Holy  See  in  this  matter,  but  for  all  there  is  much  to  be 
gained  from  a  perusal  of  the  following  letter  addressed  to  the  Archbishop  of  Bourges, 
Louis  Ernest  Dubois  (later  Cardinal  Archbishop  of  Paris),  by  Pope  Pius  X. 

TO  OUR  VENERABLE  BROTHER  LOUIS  ERNEST  DUBOIS 
ARCHBISHOP  OF  BOURGES 

VENERABLE  BROTHER: 

Your  letter  of  June  2 1  last,  as  well  as  those  which  We  have  received  from 
a  large  number  of  pious  and  distinguished  French  Catholics,  has  shown  Us  to 
Our  great  satisfaction  that  since  the  promulgation  of  Our  MOTU  PROPRIO 
of  November  22,  1903,  on  Sacred  Music,  great  2;eal  has  been  displayed  in  the 
different  dioceses  of  France  to  make  the  pronunciation  of  the  Latin  language 
approximate  more  closely  to  that  used  in  Rome,  and  that,  in  consequence,  it 
is  sought  to  perfect,  according  to  the  best  rules  of  art,  the  execution  of 
the  Gregorian  melodies,  brought  back  by  Us  to  their  ancient  traditional  form. 
You,  yourself,  when  occupying  the  Episcopal  See  of  Verdun,  entered  upon 
this  reform  and  made  some  useful  and  important  regulations  to  insure  its 
success.  We  learn  at  the  same  time  with  real  pleasure  that  this  reform  has 
already  spread  to  a  number  of  places  and  been  successfully  introduced  into 
many  cathedral  churches,  seminaries  and  colleges  and  even  into  simple  country 
churches.  The  question  of  the  pronunciation  of  Latin  is  closely  bound  up  with 
that  of  the  restoration  of  the  Gregorian  Chant,  the  constant  subject  of  Our 
thoughts  and  recommendations  from  the  very  beginning  of  Our  Pontificate.  The 
accent  and  pronunciation  of  Latin  had  great  influence  on  the  melodic  and 
rhythmic  formation  of  the  Gregorian  phrase  and  consequently  it  is  important 
that  these  melodies  should  be  rendered  in  the  same  manner  in  which  they  were 
artistically  conceived  at  their  first  beginning.  Finally  the  spread  of  the  Roman 
pronunciation  will  have  the  further  advantage  as  you  have  already  so  pertinently 
said,  of  consolidating  more  and  more  the  work  of  liturgical  union  in  France,  a 
unity  to  be  accomplished  by  the  happy  return  to  Roman  liturgy  and  Gregorian 
chant.  This  is  why  We  desire  that  the  movement  of  return  to  the  Roman 
pronunciation  of  Latin  should  continue  with  the  same  ::eal  and  consoling  success 
which  has  marked  its  progress  hitherto;  and  for  the  reasons  given  above  We  hope 
that  under  your  direction  and  that  of  the  other  members  of  the  episcopate  this 
reform  may  be  propagated  in  all  the  dioceses  of  France.  As  a  pledge  of  heavenly 
favors  to  you.  Venerable  Brother,  to  your  diocesans,  and  to  all  those  who  have 
addressed  petitions  to  Us  in  the  same  tenor  as  your  own,  We  grant  the  Apostolic 
Benediction. 

From  the  Vatican,  July  10,  1912.  Pius  PP.  X. 

*  Copyright,  1937,  The  St.  Gregory  Guild,  Inc.   Philadelphia,  Pa.   Printed  in  U.  S.  A. 


His  Holiness  Pius  XI  in  a  letter  to  Cardinal  Dubois  added  his  approval  to  that 
of  his  predecessor  in  the  following  words: 

To  Our  Dear  Son,  Louis  Dubois 

Cardinal  Priest  of  the  Holy  Roman  Church 

OF  THE  Title  of  Sancta  Maria  in  Aquiro, 

Archbishop  of  Paris 

POPE  PIUS  XL 

To  Our  dear  son,  Health  and  Apostolic  Benediction: 

*  *  *  We  also  esteem  very  greatly  your  plan  of  urging  all  who  come  under 
your  jurisdiction  to  pronounce  Latin  more  romano.  Not  content  like  Our 
predecessors  of  happy  memory,  Pius  X  and  Benedict  XV,  simply  to  approve  this 
pronunciation  of  Latin,  We,  Ourselves  express  the  keenest  desire  that  all  bishops 
of  every  nation  shall  endeavor  to  adopt  it  when  carrying  out  the  liturgical 
ceremonies. 

Lastly,  as  a  pledge  of  heavenly  favors,  and  in  testimony  of  Our  goodwill, 
We  grant  in  all  charity  in  our  Lord,  to  you  Our  dear  Son,  as  also  to  the  clergy 
and  faithful  of  your  diocese,  the  Apostolic  Benediction. 

Given  at  Saint  Peter's,  in  Rome,  Nov.  30,  1928,  the  seventh  year  of  Our 
pontificate. 

Pius  XI,  Pope. 

OTHER  OFFICIAL  DOCUMENTS  ON  THE  ROMAN 
PRONUNCIATION  OF  LATIN 

A  letter  addressed  by  his  Eminence  Cardinal  Gasparri,  to  Abbe  J.  Delporte  in  reference  to 
his  booklet  on  Roman  pronunciation  of  Latin : 

Vatican,  June  10,  1920. 

Monsieur  TAbbe: 

I  have  not  failed  to  present  to  the  Holy  Father  your  booklet  on  the  Roman 
pronunciation  of  Latin.  His  Holiness  being  aware  of  the  decisive  results  obtained 
on  this  point  in  your  region,  congratulates  you  for  your  contribution  in  the  matter. 
Joining  his  compliments  to  those  you  have  already  received  from  numerous  Bishops 
and  illustrious  personages  in  France.  He  hopes  that  your  new  work  will  obtain 
all  the  success  you  expect  and  that  it  will  unify  the  pronunciation  of  Latin,  taking 
for  basis  that  which  is  always  alive  in  the  center  of  Christendom  and  that  which 
you  have  so  clearly  fixed,  even  the  most  elementary  rules. 

:!:  ^  H:  H: 

By  this  unity  of  pronunciation  of  a  language  so  widely  known,  the  people  of 
today  like  those  Christians  of  bygone  days,  would  at  last  possess  this  unique  and 
universal  language,  that  we  have  looked  for  and  vainly  sought  elsewhere.  This 
greater  possibility  of  mutual  relations  would  be  most  attractive  and  would  con- 
stitute another  link  for  the  society  of  nations,  that  with  other  anxious  seekers  so 
ardently  desire  an  unbroken  peace. 

Since  your  booklet  also  tends  to  this  goal,  the  Holy  Father  cannot  but  wish  to 
your  labors  a  wide  success.  Its  reward  and  guarantee  will  be  the  Apostolic 
Benediction  that  he  has  charged  me  to  transmit  to  you. 

In  fulfilling  this  agreeable  duty,  I  beg  you  to  accept  my  personal  greetings  and 
the  assurance  of  my  religious  devotion  in  Our  Lord. 

Cardinal  Gasparri. 


6  The     Correct     Pronunciation     of     Latin 

There  are  also  two  letters  from  the  pen  of  his  Eminence  (then  Cardinal  Secretary  of  State) 
addressed  to  Dom  Marcet,  O.S.B.,  Abbot  coadjutor  of  Notre  Dame  of  Montserrat  in  Spain. 
We  will  note  that  it  is  not  only  in  France  where  the  reform  is  most  necessary,  for  w-e  find  these 
pressing  invitations  of  the  Holy  See  addressed  to  all  Catholic  countries.  We  will  limit  ourselves 
in  reproducing  only  the  essential  passages. 

Vatican,  July  31,  1919. 
Most  Reverend  Abbot : 

In  his  unending  solicitude  the  Holy  Father  has  not  lost  sight  of  the  happy  and 
timely  initiative  taken  by  you  a  few  years  ago  by  your  introduction  in  your 
Monastery  of  the  Roman  pronunciation  of  Latin  in  order  to  bring  about  the 
desired  uniformity. 

His  Holiness,  having  resolved  to  insist  on  this  point  in  Spain  and  in  other 
countries,  would  be  happy  to  learn  what  reception  has  been  given  to  this  wise 
reform.  .  .  . 

Cardinal  Gasparri. 


Vatican,  September  13,  1919. 
Most  Reverend  Abbot : 

I  have  received  your  letter  of  the  twelfth  of  August  by  which  you  inform  me 
of  the  reception  given  to  the  adoption  of  the  Roman  pronunciation  of  Latin  in 
your  Monastery,  where  according  to  your  report  the  said  pronunciation  has  been 
happily  introduced.  .  .  . 

I  have  not  failed  in  notifying  His  Holiness  at  once  of  all  that  you  have  reported 
to  me  in  the  letter  in  question,  and  His  Holiness  has  commissioned  me  to  inform 
you  of  his  satisfaction,  not  only  to  you  personally,  but  also  to  the  other  religious 
of  the  Abbey  who  in  following  your  initiative  have  given  proof  of  a  filial  and 
enlightened  respect  to  the  desires  of  the  Holy  Father. 

Cardinal  Gasparri. 

aCCORDING  to  the  clearly-expressed  wish  of  our  Holy  Mother  Church  our 
first  aim  should  be  directed  toward  the  attainment  of  the  Roman  pronimcia'' 
tion  of  Latin,  whatever  one's  personal  opinion  might  be. 

If  we  had  no  other  reason  for  observing  and  adopting  the  Latin  pronunciation 
according  to  Roman  usage,  the  motives  of  discipline  and  obedience  should  be  suffi' 
cient,  for  they  invite  us  to  unify  the  various,  more  or  less  scientific  and  more  or  less 
reasonable  pronunciations  of  the  same  noble  language  which  are  in  use  among  the 
cultured  classes  in  different  parts  of  the  world. 

CHIS  sense  of  discipline  should  be  felt  particularly  by  teachers  (reHgious  and 
lay),  choirmasters  and  singers,  since  they  are  called  upon  to  sing  in  the  Latin 
language  the  praises  of  God,  and  celebrate  by  means  of  the  divine  art  of  song,  the 
sublime  mysteries  of  reHgion,  in  the  same  rite,  using  the  same  Scriptural  texts,  the 
same  psalms  and  prayers  that  the  Holy  Mother  Church  uses  in  all  her  Liturgy. 

ONE  may  ask  if  the  Roman  pronunciation  in  actual  use  corresponds  perfectly 
to  the  phonetics  of  the  Classic  period.  We  answer,  that  according  to 
scientific  proofs,  no  one  particular  class  of  people  has  exactly  preserved  that  pro- 
nunciation,  but,  it  is  safe  to  conclude  that  the  pronunciation  which  is  closest  to  it  is 
the  Roman,  and  the  one  preferred. 

It  is  natural  to  presume  that  the  pronunciation  of  the  classic  or  golden  period  did 
not  come  to  us  in  its  entirety.  We  state  that  it  is  natural,  because  all  languages 
have  their  history,  changes  and  evolution.   The  same  thing  happened  to  the  Latin 


According    to    Roman     Usage  7 

« 

language,  and  even  to  a  greater  degree,  because  of  the  circumstances  that  accom^ 
panied  and  surrounded  it  in  its  origin,  its  development  and  decadence.  It  suffices  to 
say  that  during  the  golden  age  (100  B.C.  to  14  A.D.)  there  were  three  accents: 
tonic,  musical  and  literary  or  poetical,  the  latter  consisting  of  short  and  long  vowels. 
Now,  the  tonic  alone  remains. 

Setting  aside  the  consideration  of  accents,  which  also  have  great  weight  in 
phonetics,  it  is  quite  certain  that  even  during  the  golden  period  the  language  was 
not  uniform  for  the  "substrati"  particularly  in  the  cities  along  the  coasts,  in  the  La2;io 
district  and  in  upper  Italy.  Along  the  coasts,  the  influence  of  the  Greek  was  strongly 
felt,  in  the  La2,io  the  Etruscan,  and  in  upper  Italy  the  Gallic.  The  same  applies  to 
the  Itahan  language.  It  is  spoken  well  by  all  the  cultured  people  of  the  Peninsula, 
but  their  pronunciation  differs  slightly  or  to  a  greater  degree  according  to  the  region 
to  which  they  belong.  For  example:  the  Tuscan  pronunciation  of  Italian  is  different 
from  the  Roman,  and  this,  again,  is  quite  distinct  from  the  Neapolitan  or  Sicilian. 
We  have  the  sam.e  condition  in  America  where  English  is  pronounced  somewhat 
differently  than  in  England  and  where  the  East,  West  and  South  have  their  indi- 
vidual pronunciations  and  colloquialisms. 

It  was  previously  stated  that  the  Latin  pronunciation  closest  to  the  ancient  is 
the  Roman  and  therefore  to  be  preferred.  May  we  offer  the  following  reasons: 

1.  Because  the  Latin  language  had  its  home  uninterruptedly  in  Rome  for  the 
works  of  the  Church,  consequently  it  has  never  been  a  dead  language  but  has 
always  lived  and  still  lives  enriched  with  new  concepts  and  words.  Even 
the  phonetic  evolution  which  has  certainly  occurred,  is  most  natural  and 
homogeneous  to  the  language  itself. 

2.  Because  the  other  pronunciations  do  not  have  greater  claims  to  authenticity 
or  certainty  in  this  conformity  to  Classic  Latin  since  scientific  proofs  are 
lacking.  The  tact  is  that  for  centuries  Latin  remained  unknown  amongst  the 
masses  (outside  of  Italy),  but,  during  this  entire  period  the  language  was 
cultivated,  taught  grammatically  and  was  spoken  generally  throughout  Italy 
and  especially  in  Rome. 

3.  Because  Rome  is  the  center  of  Catholicism  and  since  the  pronunciations  are 
too  varied  throughout  the  world  it  is  necessary  to  adopt  only  one.  It  is  of 
cultural  advantage  to  have  a  unified  Latin  pronunciation  according  to  Roman 
tradition  in  order  that  learned  men  throughout  the  world  may  easily  under- 
stand one  another. 

Unus  Cultus  Uims  Cantus  Una  Lingua 

One  Worship  One  Chant  One  Language 


RULES  FOR  THE  CORRECT  PRONUNCIATION  OF  LATIN 

1.  The  letters  of  the  Latin  Alphabet  are  as  follows: 

Aa         Bb  Cc  Dd         Ee         Ff 

ah  bee  chee  dee  eh  eff 

G  g       H  h        I  i  J  j  K  k         LI 

^  gee        aXkah        ee        eeloongo        \ahppah        ell 

b08toi"i  [JiiJi/arsJty 

Oolle-Z}  of  [vlusic 

liorajy 


8  The    Correct    P r o n u  n  c  i  a t i o m    of    Latin 

Mm         Nn         Oo         Pp        Qq  Rr 

emm  enn  awe  pea  \oo         erreh 

Ss       Tt       Uu        Vv        Xx  Yy 

ess        tee         ooh  vee         ec\s       eepseelawn 

Z  z 
dzettah 

2.  Vowels:   The  Vowels  are  6  in  number,  viz;.:  A,  E,  I,  O,  U,  Y. 

A-a 

A  a  is  pronounced  as  "a"  in  father  (not  faw,  and  never  as  in  the  word  fan  or 
han).  There  is  no  mixture  of  vowel  quality.  The  Latin  AH  is  a  pure,  open  vowel, 
resounding  in  the  upper  part  of  the  mouth  (hard  palate)  instead  of  the  throat.  It  is 
not  a  nasal  sound,  but  when  sung  or  spoken  correctly  has  great  resonance  and 
carrying  power.  Lips  are  drawn  back  slightly  (in  smihng  position)  and  the  jaw  is 
relaxed.  This  relaxation  of  the  jaw  is  probably  the  most  important  factor  contrib- 
uting to  the  true  vocal  timbre  in  the  Roman  Pronunciation  of  Latin. 

Note — Syllables  capitaHzed  in  the  following  examples  indicate  accent: 

Ex.'^MPLES 

A-men — AH-mehn;  not  ah-meen  or  Ah-mane  (as  given  by  certain  choirs  and  even 
heard  in  phonographic  records  of  Chant) . 

Alleluia — AhMeh'LOO-eeah;  Sdnctus — SAH?s[K'toos  (not  Sa)tl('tuhs) ;  Gloria 
Patri — GLAW'Tccah  PAH'tree.  (Note — The  position  of  the  vowel  in  the  syllable, 
or  the  syllable  in  a  word,  does  not  change  the  color  or  timbre  of  the  vowel.) 

E-e 

E  e  (eh)  is  pronounced  as  in  let,  met,  rent,  bent,  tent,  went,  etc.  There  is  never 
any  deviation  in  color  or  timbre  from  the  short  exclamatory  "eh!"  sound.  In 
singing,  the  lower  jaw  needs  to  be  relaxed  somewhat  and  the  tongue  should  be  kept 
down  (tip  touching  the  front  lower  teeth) .  Never  give  "e''  the  long  sound  "a"  as  in 
"way,"  "bay,"  etc.  Examples 

de  — DEH;  et  — EHT;  erat  —  EH-raht:  Kv-ri-e  —  KEE-ree-eh  (not  KEE- 
ree'"ay");  Domine — DAW-mee-neh;  Deus — DEH'Oos;  Christe — CHREE-steh  (not 
CHREE'"stay");  miserere — mee'seh'REH'reh  (never  mee'2;ay'RAT'ray)  as  recom' 
mended  in  certain  text  books) . 

I-i 

I  i  (ee)  is  pronounced  like  "ee"  in  meet  or  "i"  in  machine.  The  correct  produc 
tion  of  this  vowel  depends  upon  the  control  of  the  lips.  The  edges  of  the  lips  should 
be  drawn  back  as  when  smiling  (without  grinning,  however) .  The  tip  of  the  tongue 
should  touch  the  lower  part  of  the  front  teeth,  but  lightly  and  in  no  strained  manner. 
There  is  no  modification  of  the  "ee"  sound  of  "i"  in  Latin.  The  sound  of  "i"  as 
in  the  words  "tin,"  "is,"  "milk"  is  not  to  be  given  to  this  vowel.  It  is  to  be  spoken 
and  sung  in  a  positive  manner  of  "ee"  without  exception.  Final  syllables  containing 
this  vowel  are  softened  but  there  is  no  loss  of  vowel  quantity  in  so  doing. 

Examples 
Christe  —  CHREE-steh:   Gloria  —  GLAW-ree-ah;   Domine  —  DAW-mee-neh; 
in — EE7<[;    nobis — NAW-bees;    Dei — DEH^ee;   Filii — EEE-lee-ee;    Patris — PAH- 
trees.  ♦ 


According    to    Roman     Usage  9 

O-o 

O  0  (aw)  is  pronounced  like  '"''o'''  in  ''order,''  or  like  ""a"  in  "awe."  It  is  never 
given  the  "o"  sound  as  in  "oh"  or  as  in  "go."  The  jaw  should  be  loose  and  the  lips 
extended  only  slightly,  never  as  much  as  when  producing  the  "oo"  sound  required 
for  the  proper  production  of  the  vowel  "u." 

Examples 
Domine — D A W'mee-neh ;  Gloria — GL AW'ree-ah ;  voluntatis — Vawloon-T AH' 
tees;    quoniam — Koo A W'nee'ahm;    non — NAWN;    mortuos — MAWR-too'aws; 
NEVER — Doh-mee-neh;  Glow-ree^dh;  Voh-lun-tdtis;  Koo-o/pnee-ahm;  nohn;  mohr^ 

too'ohs.  

U-u 

U  u  (oo)  is  produced  with  the  lips  extended  almost  in  the  position  of  whistling. 
It  has  the  sound  of  "oo"  in  "moon,"  "doom"  or  "room":  never  as  "u"  in  "dumb" 
or  "numb."  It  is  never  given  the  exaggerated  sound  of  "eeooh,"  or  the  French 
vowel  color  of  "u."  Examples 

cum  —  KOOM;  Spiritu  —  SPEE-ree-too:  tuo  —  TOO-aw;  iDium  —  OO-noom; 
Dominum — DA W'mecnoom ;  Christum — CHREE-stoom ;  Edctum — EAHK-toom ; 

incar?idtus — een-cahr-TN^AH-toos.  

Y-y  

T  y  (ee)  is  ponounced  exactly  Hke  the  Latin  "i  — "ee.  It  is  found  mostly  in 
Greek  words. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Consecutive  Vowels  Diphthongs  Double  Vowels 

General  Rule 

J^=^  HE  general  rule  regarding  the  pronunciation  of  consecutive  vowels,  diphthongs 
\^,J  and  double  vowels  is  to  give  each  vowel  its  proper  sound.  With  two  excep' 
tions,  viz,.,  "^"  and  "CE,"  each  vowel  in  the  word  is  heard  distinctly,  particularly 
when  the  consecutive  vowels  belong  to  separate  syllables. 

^— CE 

The  digraphs  oz  and  ce  are  pronounced  -eh-  exactly  like  the  Latin  "e."  ExaM' 
ples:  Caelum  (or  coelum)  CHEH-loom;  not  CHAY'luhm.  Practice  fluently — 
coelum  et  terracCHEH-loom  EHT  TEHR'reh.  (Repeat  five  or  six  times  with  loose 
jaw  and  with  active  movement  of  lips  and  tongue.) 

Exercises 
Qui  moerebat  et  dolebat — Kwee  mehREHbaht  eht  dawLEHbaht;  Et  ascendit  in 
coelum — Eht  ahSHEN-dit  een  CHEH-loom;  Haec  dies — Eck  DEE-ehs;  Et  laetemur 
— Eht  leh'TEH-moor:  Quaecumque  voluit — Kooeh-KGOM-kooeh  VAW-loo-eet; 
Requiem  aeternam — REH-kwecehm  eh-TEHR'nahm;  Ab  hoedis — AB  EH-dees. 

Exceptions 
(A)  Ae  and  ce  are  given  two  distinct  sounds  whenever  the  second  vowel  has  a 
diaeresis  on  it  and  (B)  in  words  derived  from  the  Hebrew  language.   Examples: 
(A)  Poesis — paw'EH'sees:  Poema — paw-EH-mah:  Aer — AHehr;  Aerope — ah-EH- 
raw'peh:  (B)  Michael— MEE-kah-ehl:  Raphael— RAH-fah-ehl. 


10 


The     Correct     Pronunciation     of     Latin 


AI— OU 

Vowel  sounds  are  very  clearly  differentiated  in  such  words  as  laicus — LAH'ee' 
koos;  ait — AH^eet;  coutuntur — Kawoo'TOON-toor;  prout — PRAW-oot. 

AU— EU— AY 

These  vowels  generally  form  one  syllable  but  both  are  distinctly  heard.  Should 
there  be  a  series  of  notes  on  this  syllable  the  singer  is  obliged  to  vocali2;e  the  passage 
on  the  first  vowel  (without  conglomerating  the  sounds),  introducing  the  second 
vowel  at  the  very  last  instant  before  singing  the  next  syllable. 

Examples 
Pauli  —  PAHoo'lee;   Lauda  —  LAH*oo'dah;    laudamus  —  lah^-oo-DAH-moos; 
exaudi  —  eg'SAHoo'dee;  euge  —  EH'OO'jeh;  euntes  —  eh-OON'tehs;  Eusebii  — 
ehoo'SEH'bee'ee;  Eustachii — Eh'00'STAH'kee'ee;Raymundi — Rah-ee-MOOiJ-dce. 
See  Musical  Illustrations  1'2'3. 

MO.  1 

*■    Iz: 


4P3r 


34; 


-Ji 


lET^ 


■  %^'^i 


'J-  ^^.^ 


y.  Lduda, 


^=^?fl^ 


:5-r 


Lie-  lu-    ia. 


Je-ju  saiem,         Doriinurn  |  lau- 


-  da   JDe-  um 


--^3  OJ^i^^ 


-tcg^ 


_      —    -4-— c4fl- 

.   oo^^oiaJL 


m.i 


y\i^"^>,'  j^^^,^jt—t-% 


fsssi 


vs- 


tem  Dominiim 


t^^^^^^^^ 


4 


The  "h"  is  silent;  it  is  here  introduced  solely  to  insure  the  correct  pronunciation  of  ah  (a). 


According    to    Roman     Usage 


kl 


A/0.3 


Ant.  ^ 
l.D    _ 


T^-y-^ 


e 


-* — - — ■ — = — ■- 


U-  Qe,    *  serve  bone    et    fide-    lis.    qui- a    in  pau- 


('['iinnrniTt^iP 


EI 

In  such  words  as  mei,  did,  deltas,  the  vowels  are  clearly  and  separately  sounded, 
viz.:  MEH-ee,  dee-EH-ee,  DEH'ce-tahs;  but  when  treated  as  an  interjection  Hei, 
it  is  sung  or  spoken  as  one  syllable,  viz;.:  EHEE. 

UI— UE— UA— UO 

When  ''U"  is  preceded  by  Q  or  NG  and  followed  by  another  vowel  as  in  the 
words  ''Qui,"  "Sanguis,''  etc.,  the  weight  or  pressure  is  placed  on  the  second  vowel 
(in  contrast  to  the  rule  given  for  the  pronunciation  of  AU,  EU).  Examples-  Qui 
— KooEE;  Quae— KooEH;  Quam— KooAHM;  Quod— KooAWD;  Sanguis— 
SAHN'goo-ees;  Quoniam — Koo-AW-nee-ahm;  Loquebar — Law-kooEH-bahr. 

See  Musical  Illustrations  4'5.. 


AiOH- 


ciWs: 


.    .    '    .^^^^ 


■   n;^ .  -i^'A.  I .  \^,,  J 


Spf-       ri-tus,    A-       qua,      et  San-guis  :  et  hi 

ft         .  ,       ^.^  /s 


?irT]n"ni'^4-hr' rirrn  i  ji^^n-i\ 


s 


-  -  -  s, 


Afor 


'!La^-^^ 


St: 


>.-J 


est 


psal-  li-    te  no-  mini    e-   jus,  quo-      ni-  am  su- 


12  The     Correct     Pronunciation     of     Latin 

In  other  instances  when  ''U"  is  followed  by  another  vowel  the  general  rule 
applies;  both  vowels  are  clearly  heard  and  are  differentiated  only  in  the  accentuation 
or  stress  (the  last  vowel  is  always  softened). 

'  Examples 
Tua— TOO-ah;  Tui— TOO-ee;  Tuae— TOO-eh;  Tuo— TOO-aw. 

Exceptions 

Cui — KOO-ee  is  generally  treated  as  a  word  of  two  syllables  but  in  the  hymn  at 
Lauds  for  the  Feast  of  the  Epiphany  because  of  the  metre  it  is  necessary  to  treat  the 
word  as  one  syllable.  ("Major  Bethlem  cui  contigit.'')  KWEE  (almost  like 
qui'KWEE).   See  Musical  Illustration  No.  6. 

\J  s6-la  magnin<7«  urbi-  um   Mi-jor   Bdthlem,  cui  c6nti-git  Diicem  sa-lu-tis  cadli-  tus 


CONSECUTIVE  VOWELS 

When  like  or  different  vowels  follow  in  consecutive  order  it  is  often  the  case 
that  one  or  the  other  is  ehded.  For  clear  cut  speech  it  is  essential  that  each  vowel 
be  distinctly  uttered — not  in  a  staccato  fashion,  but  in  a  manner  that  will  serve  to 
equalise  the  vowels  in  color  if  not  in  intensity. 

Examples 

incorrect  correct 

Filii — generally  sung Fill FEE-lee-ee 

Evangehi — generally  sung Evangeli     Eh-vahn-JEH-lee-ee 

AAron — generally  sung Ahron   AH-ah-rawn 

Ait — generally  sung Aht   AHeet 

Alleluia— generally  sung AlleluYAH AhWeh-LOO-eeah 

Gloria — generally  sung GZoryah GLAW-ree^ah 

In  atriis — generally  sung Inatris    Een^AH-tree'ees 

VOWELS  AT  THE  CONJUNCTION  OF  WORDS 

Among  speakers  and  singers  there  is  also  a  tendency  to  connect  vowels  at  the 
end  of  a  word  with  the  beginning  of  the  next  word,  particularly  when  these  happen 
to  be  like  vowels.  A  gentle  but  clear  separation  of  vowels  is  essential  to  good 
diction. 

Examples  incorrect  correct 

justi  in  conspectu . . .  Justiin  or  Justin  conspectu . .  YOO-stee  een  Kawn-SPEK-too 

Domine  exaudi Dominexaudi DAW'mecneh  eg-SAHoo'dee 

Lauda  anima  mea. .  .Laudanima  mea LAHoo-dah  AH-nee'mah 


According    to    Roman    Usage  13 

CHAPTER  III. 

Consonants 

Consonants  serve  the  purpose  of  opening  and  closing  the  doors  to  the  vowel 
sounds.  They  are  generally  "sounded  with"  the  vowels.  They  have  little  vocal 
sound  of  their  own,  but  serve  to  initiate  or  bring  to  a  close  the  vowels  with  which 
they  are  associated.  Consonants  should  never  obstruct  the  vowel  sounds.  On 
the  contrary,  they  should  give  right  of  way  to  the  vowel  and  be  so  articulated  as 
to  give  impetus  and  direction  to  the  usually  prolonged  vowel  sound.  Singers  and 
speakers  depend  upon  the  consonants  to  project  the  tone  to  the  proper  resonators 
in  the  facial  mask.  Consequently,  it  is  not  only  essential  to  good  diction  to  know 
how  to  produce  the  vowels  correctly;  it  is  equally  important  to  understand  the 
vocal  principles  involved  in  the  correct  articulation  of  consonants  whether  in  Latin 
or  in  other  languages. 

The  Latin  consonants  are:  B,  C,  D,  F,  G,  H,  K,  L,  M,  N,  P,  Q,  R,  S,  T, 
V,  X,  z. 


B 

B  is  articulated  as  in  English.  The  lips  are  first  closed  to  obstruct  the  breath 
which  fills  the  mouth.  An  explosive  effect  is  achieved  by  the  sudden  opening  of  the 
lips.  The  vowel  sound  which  follows  is  clarified  when  the  lips  are  tightly  com' 
pressed  and  released  very  sharply  in  articulating  the  initial  consonant  of  a  syllable. 

Exercises 

BAH—  BEH—  BEE—  BAW—  BOO 

ba —       be —       bi —      bo —       bu 

Staccato:  Repeated  5  to  10  times  with  increasing  speed. 

Avoid  a  laggard  motion  of  lips.  There  should  be  no  undue  movement  of  the  jaw 

in  making  these  sharp  strokes  with  the  lips. 


3ah  Beh .BtE,Bavtr'£ro-9  ""      '0Ai3AH,3/VH  Bah,  "Beh, 3EH,B£H,B£H,-5££,oe£ Bc-e,3fE;BAv^B/(vvfiAwJifliv;.pa<? 

Examples 
Amabat  —  ah'MAH-bat;  docebat  —  daw-CHEH-baht;  benedicta  —  beh-neh- 
DEEK'tah;  bonae  —  BAW-neh.         

C 

C  has  two  sounds,  either  the  hard  sound  of  K  as  in  ""common,"  "curtain,"  etc., 
or  the  soft  sound  of  c  as  in  "check,"  "cheer,"  "church,"  etc.  The  soft  sound  of  C 
is  used  in  Latin  when  the  letter  precedes  the  vowels  "e,"  "i,"  "y"  and  the  diph' 
thongs  "ffi,"  "oe"  and  "eu." 

Examples 

Luceat — LOO-cheh-aht;  civitas — CHEE-vectahs;  caelum  (or  coelum) — CHEH' 
loom;  amici — ah-MEE-chee;  cives — CHEE-vehs;  certus — CHEHR-toos;  vocet — 
VAW'chet;  fecit  —  FEH-cheet;  societatis  —  sawchee-eh'TAH-tees;  cithara  — 
CHEE'tah-rah;  benedicimus  —  beh-neh-DEE-chee-moos;  crucifixus  —  croo-chee- 
FEE'Xus;  procedenti — prawcheh-DEHN-tee;  cernui — CHEHR'noo-ee;  cym-balum 
— CHEEM'bah'loom  (not  SEEM-bah-loom) . 


14  The    Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 

C  is  given  the  hard  sound  of  K  when  it  precedes  the  vowels  a-o-u,  and  before 
consonants. 

Examples 

Caterva  — kah'TEHR'vah;  caro  — KAH-raw;  corda  — KAWR-dah;  s^cula  — 
SEH'koO'lah;  caecus  —  CHEH-koos;  cruce  —  KROO-cheh;  credo  —  KREH-daw; 
sanctus  —  SAHNK-toos  (not  sank-tuhs);  amicti  —  ah-MEEK-tee;  cuncta  — 
KOONK'tah. 


CC 

The  sound  of  double  C  before  e,  i,  ae,  oe,  and  y  is  like  "tch"  in  the  word  "fetch." 

Examples 

Ecce — EH'tcheh  (a  sharp  separation  of  syllables  is  to  be  made  in  order  that 

the  second  C  may  be  given  a  decisive  stroke  with  tip  of  tongue);  accipe — 
AH'tchec'peh. 


CH 

Ch  before  any  vowel  is  given  the  hard  sound  of  K  without  exception. 

Examples 
Charitas — KAH-ree-tahs:    charta — KAHR-tah;    Cham — KAHM;    machina — 
M AH-kecnah ;  chimaera — KEE'meh'rah . 

C  at  the  end  of  a  word  is  generally  sounded  as  K. 

Examples 
Huic— OO-eek;  nunc— NOONK;  haec— ECK;  hoc— AWK;  illuc— EEL-look. 


D 

Whether  found  in  the  beginning  or  at  the  end  of  a  syllable,  this  consonant  must 
be  crisply  articulated.  The  tongue  prepares  for  the  sound  by  touching  the  upper 
gums  near  the  junction  of  teeth  and  gums  and  by  a  quick  movement  downwards 
releases  the  accumulated  breath.  The  more  incisive  the  stroke  of  the  tip  of  the 
tongue  the  more  distinct  will  be  the  articulation.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to 
anticipate  the  consonant  by  the  introduction  of  a  preliminary  humming  sound  or  a 
sound  that  approaches  the  peculiar  ''Uh"  quality  often  heard  in  singing  and  speak' 
ing.  (UhDominus  Vobiscum — Caused  by  forcing  the  breath  against  the  palate 
while  the  tongue  is  held  against  the  upper  gums.) 

Examples 

D  as  initial  consonant  of  syllable  or  word:  de — DEH;  Domino — DAW-mee-naw; 
laudamus — lah-oo-DAH-moos;  Deus — DEH-oos;  mundi — MOON-dee;  dexteram 
— DECKS'teh-rahm. 

D  at  the  end  of  the  syllable:  Ad — AHD  (not  Ahd-duh);  idipsum — ee-DEEP- 
soom. 

Two  d's  at  conjunction  of  words:  ad  dexteram — AHD-DECKS-teh-rahm  (not  to 
be  exaggerated  into  Adduh'DECKS-teh'rahm).  llie  two  d's  are  clearly  articulated 
— the  ending  "d"  enunciated  softly  while  the  initial  is  given  a  more  decided  stroke. 

Exercises 
It  will  be  of  some  benefit  to  practice  repeated  strokes  of  the  tongue,  reciting  or 
singing  the  same  exercise  as  given  for  B,  using  D  in  place  of  B,  viz:  dah,  deh,  dee, 
daw,  doo.   For  the  singer  it  will  also  be  worth  while  to  change  the  exercise  to  an 
ascending  and  a  descending  series  of  five  notes  of  the  scale,  viz: 


According    to    Roman    Usage 


15 


"RctJCtvt-.   tcsini,    a-tl^^^-"''"^^'^'^V^yv^  ^-S/vpiCATeJ)  i^Cncfijenc    sty^^S'Oj.   e,f-s  ti^^^  tfYMjuJL) 


IfVH,  De«,  Dee. ,  7ah',  Dffo   '^1>Ati,   Ten,  Jee,  Jai*',  Po^ 

7ah,  Tth_,  Tte,   P/i^,    "^ec     r-    Tah  ,    ^£rf,  t-£E:,-l-/tvi/, Too. 

K+H  Keh    Ke£    Kw/in/,  /Coo.  rP  Knn     /fest  K^he-,  <=»v*'  ^c" 

'  --^ --^- — ,Voj.  o  r,   '  '•      ■■■ — — 


F  and  V 

F,  a  labial,  like  B,  P  and  V,  is  produced  by  stretching  the  lower  lip  for  a  con- 
siderable extent  under  the  upper  teeth,  and  with  a  rapid  movement  forward  explod' 
ing  the  accumulated  breath  into  a  vocali2,ed  sound  of  F  (eff).  Both  consonants 
generally  suifer  in  production  from  a  '"too-lackadaisical"  movement  of  the  lips.  It 
is  necessary  to  energize  the  lips  sufficiently  to  cause  them  to  move  apart  or  forward 
with  the  instantaneous  action  of  a  gun-trigger  or  a  rubber  band  when  released  from 
high  tension. 

Exercises 

Fah,  feh,  fee,  faw,  foo.  (Sung  or  spoken  rapidly.)  The  exercises  given  for  other 
consonants  may  be  utilized. 

Vah,  veh,  vee,  vaw,  voo.  Good  results  in  speaking  or  singing  so  far  as  clarity  in 
articulation  is  concerned  will  depend  upon  the  development  of  the  lip  and  tongue 
muscles,  through  well  planned  exercises,  which  should  be  practiced  daily. 


G  like  C  has  two  sounds:  (a)  soft  like  g  in  general,  gender,  or  (b)  hard  like  g  in 
get,  go,  garden,  govern,  etc. 

It  is  soft  before  e,  i,  oe,  ae  and  y. 

Examples 

Genus — JEH-noos  (j,  in  these  examples  is  given  the  usual  English  pronuncia- 
tion) :  genitori — jeh-nee-TAW-ree;  unigenite — oo-nee-JEH-nee-teh;  regina — reh- 
JEE-nah;  intingit — een-TEEN-jeet. 

It  is  hard  in  every  other  case  except  when  followed  by  n.    (See  GN.) 

Examples 

Gladius — GLAH-dee-oos;  gloria — GLAW-ree-ah;  sanguis — SAHN-gooees;  ego 
— EH-gaw;  plaga — PLAH-gah;  ergo — EHR-gaw;  Gallia — GAHL-lee-ah. 


GN 

The  English  equivalent  to  the  sound  of  the  Latin  gn  is  found  in  the  combination 
of  ny  with  the  vowels  (as  in  cafiyon).  The  last  syllable  of  the  word  Dominion 
gives  a  fairly  accurate  impression  of  the  sound.  However,  when  "Gn"  occurs  at 
the  beginning  of  a  word  it  is  given  the  natural  English  sound. 

Examples 

Agnus — AH-nyoos  ( AH-neeyoos) ;  igne — EE-neeyeh  (Note — the  last  syllable  is 
quickly  amalgamated  in  one  sound);  magnam — MAH-neeyahm;  dignum — DEE- 
neeyoom;  magnificat — mah-NEEYEE-fee-caht;  Gnaeus — GUHNEH-oos. 


H 


H  is  not  exactly  a  consonant.   It  should  never  be  aspirated  as  in  English.   It  is 
heard   (a)  when  it  is  joined  with  p   (ph)   and  is  pronounced  as  f.    Example: 


16  The     Correct     Pronunciatiox     of     Latin 

Philosophus — fee'LAW'saw'foos.  (b)  When  it  is  between  c  and  the  vowels 
e,  i  and  o.  Examples:  chirografus — kee-RAW'grah'foos;  pulcher — POOL'kehr; 
chorus — KAW-roos.  (c)  In  two  words,  mihi  and  nihil  where  the  h  is  pronounced 
as  ch  (k)— MEE'kee;  NEE-keel. 

(It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  spelling  of  these  words  in  ancient  manuscripts  was 
michi  and  nichil  (meekee  and  neekeel) . 

It  is  also  to  be  observed  that  the  spelling  of  Hosanna  in  the  old  Graduales  and 
early  Chant  books  was  "Osanna." 

In  all  other  cases  the  H  is  silent. 


J 

J,  often  written  as  I,  is  ponounced  as  Y  -ee.  It  is  combined  into  one  sound  with 

succeeding  vowels,  vi2;:  Jesus — eeYEH'SOOs;  jam — eeYAHM;  Jerusalem — eeyeh' 
ROO'sah'lem;  major — MAH'eeyohr;  ejus — EH'ceyoos:  judicium — eeyoo  DEE' 
chee-oom;  adjuva — AHD-eeyoo-vah;  Joannes — eeyoh-AHNess;  Jacobi — eeyah- 
CAW'bee. 


K 

K  is  found  in  two  words:   Kalendae — kah-LEN'deh,  the  first  day  of  the  month, 
and  Kaeso — KEH'saw,  a  proper  name.  It  is  pronounced  the  same  as  in  English. 


L 

In  articulating  this  consonant  the  tongue  tip  touches  the  point  at  the  junction  of 
upper  teeth  and  palate  and  makes  a  rapid  downward  stroke  to  its  normal  position. 
Energetic  action  of  the  tip  of  tongue  is  necessary  for  crisp  attack.  In  words  con' 
taining  the  double  1  the  tongue  should  remain  at  rest  for  an  instant  before  attacking 
the  second  1.  A  common  fault  is  to  permit  the  tip  of  the  tongue  to  return  to  the 
roof  of  the  mouth  immediately  after  having  articulated  the  consonant.  There 
should  be  no  preliminary  sound  in  anticipation  of  the  stroke,  viz;:  uhl-lah. 

Examples 
Lauda  —  LAH-oodah;  laeva  —  LEH'vah;  liberasti  —  lee-beh'RAH'Stee;  lucis  — 
LOO'chees;  alleluia — ahMeh-LOO-eeyah;  illuc — EEL'look;  illud — EEL-lood. 

M 

HOR  the  proper  articulation  of  this  consonant  the  hps  are  first  pressed  tightly 
together  then  quickly  released  in  a  sharp  explosive  manner.  The  crisp  move' 
ment  of  the  lips  in  breaking  apart  is  essential  to  the  effective  projection  of  the  vowel 
which  generally  follows  this  consonant.  This  sharp  stroke  is  indicated  particularly 
when  the  consonant  initiates  the  word. 

Examples 
M^'a  —  MEH'ah;  meus  —  MEH-oos:  mihi  —  MEE-kee;  mater  —  MAH-tehr; 
mori^'tur — mawree'EH-toor;  7nz/lier — MOO'lee'ehr;  M  as  a  part  of  a  secondary 
syllable  is  not  given  as  sharp  a  stroke:  the  lips  move  apart  in  a  gentler  manner.  Amen 
— AH'mehn  (not  AH'mane  or  AH'main) ;  Dominus — DAW'mee-noos;  laudamus — 
lah'OO'DAH'moos.  M  at  the  end  of  a  word  is  given  a  still  lighter  stroke.  There 
should  be  no  additional  vowel  (as  is  often  heard)  at  the  close  of  the  word.  Ex.: 
mrtgnam — MAH'neeyahm  (not  MAH'neeyahm'muh) ;  gidriam — GLAW'ree-ahm; 
d^'xteram — DECKS'teh-rahm ;    deprecationem — deh'preh'cah'tsee-A W'uem . 


According    to    Roman    Usage  17 

Note:  Avoid  anticipating  the  consonant  in  such  words  as  Amen — AHM-en; 
Ddminus — DAWM'eC'noos;  homznibus — awm'EE'nee-boos.  For  effective  speak- 
ing or  singing  it  is  necessary  to  prolong  the  vowel  in  each  syllable  to  at  least  two- 
thirds  the  length  of  the  consonant. 

N 

What  has  been  said  regarding  the  articulation  of  the  letter  M  applies  equally  well 
to  the  consonant  N  with  the  exception  that  the  tongue  is  utiHzied  for  the  stroke  in 
place  of  the  lips. 

A  sharp  downward  stroke  is  made  by  the  tip  of  the  tongue  beginning  at  the  hard 
palate  close  to  the  teeth  and  then  descending  to  its  normal  position  in  the  mouth. 
There  should  be  no  simultaneous  movement  of  the  jaw.  The  jaw  simply  remains 
devitali2;ed,  permitting  the  independent  movement  of  tongue  or  lips. 

Examples 
T^on — NAWN  (the  closing  n  is  silent;  the  tongue  moves  against  the  hard  palate, 
producing  a  humming  sound.  The  exaggerated  vowel  ending  should  be  avoided — 
vi2;.,  NAWN-nuh);  7Tomine  —  NAW'meC'neh;  ?7obis  —  NAW-bees;  )idstro  — 
NAW'Straw;  nuy7c  —  NOONK;  mundi  —  MOON-dee;  sdnctus  —  SAHNK-toos 
(never  SANK'tuhs).  Double  n's  are  to  be  clearly  differentiated,  e.g.:  hosmma — 
aw'SAHN-nah;  nonne — NAWN^neh;  innoc^'ntes — een-naw-TCHEN'tehs. 

Exercises 
The  exercises  given  in  the  first  part  of  this  chapter  may  be  used  with  benefit  in  the  produc 
tion  of  the  remaining  consonants,  either  with  music  or  without.  The  main  object  is  to  acquire 
facihty  in  the  rapid  articulation  of  the  consonants  which  involve  the  use  of  tongue  and  lips. 
Increasing  the  speed  gradually  will  greatly  assist  the  student  in  overcoming  the  throaty, 
raucous  quality  of  tone  which  proceeds  from  a  lack  of  co-ordination  between  the  lungs,  the 
tongue  and  lips. 

P 

When  the  letter  P  occurs  at  the  beginning  of  a  word  it  is  sounded  briskly  with  a 
preparatory  closed-lip  action  (lips  are  pressed  tightly  together  and  given  a  corrc 
sponding  quick  release) .  Avoid  any  lackadaisical  movement,  particularly  when  this 
letter  coincides  with  an  accented  syllable. 

Examples 
Pax— PAHCKS;   pl^'ni— PLEH-nee;   jb^'ter— PAH-tehr;   /^rt'Imis— PAHL-mees; 
/^zHchra — POOL-krah;    p^'tre — PAH-treh;    propter — PRAWP-tehr;    bapt/sma — 
bahp'TEE-smah;  spfritu  —  SPEE-ree-too;  spir/tui  —  spee-REE-too-ee;  perp/tua  — 
pehr-PEH'too-ah. 

PH 

PH  is  pronounced  as  f  —  vi2;.:phrenetici — freh-NEH' tee-tehee. 


Q 

Q  is  best  produced  by  extending  the  lips  as  in  the  position  of  whistling.  The 
lips  initiate  the  sound  of  Koo  which  precedes  the  vowel.  As  in  other  instances 
the  rapid  action  of  lips  insures  the  projection  of  the  tone  to  its  proper  focal  point  in 
the  hard  palate. 


18  The     Correct     Pronunciation     of     Latin 

Examples 
qui— KWEE;    qu/a— KWEE-ah;    qtnd— KWEED:    qiimn— KWAM;    quae— 
KWEH;   quaes/vi— kweh'SEE'vee;   qiirtjido— KWAHN-daw;   quos— KWAWS 
quare  —  KWAH'reh;  loqu^'tur  —  law-kooEH'toor;  tib/quae  —  tee-BEE'kweh 
qudniam  —  KWAW'nee'ahm;  quotiesciimque  —  kooawtzee'es'KOOM'kooeh 
3.equdlis — eh'kooAH'lees;  in/quitas — ee-NEE'kooee'tahs;  usquequaque — oos'kweh' 
KWAH'kweh.   Note:   Where  the  "Koo"  is  indicated  in  the  phonetic  arrangement 
this  sound  should  be  quickly  merged  into  the  succeeding  vowel.  "KW"  is  also  used 
to  convey  the  same  impression  and  to  facilitate  a  more  rapid  fusion  of  sounds. 

Exercises 
In  rapid  succession  sing  or  speak  the  follovv^ing  words:   que,  qui,  qua,  quo: 
KWEH,  KWEE,  KWAH,  KWAW.    Repeat  with  increasing  speed  and  with 
sharper  movement  of  the  lips. 

R 

The  R  is  rolled  slightly  when  it  occurs  at  the  beginning  of  a  word:  it  is  not  rolled 
so  decidedly  when  it  occurs  in  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  a  word  or  syllable. 

The  vibration  or  trilMike  movement  of  the  tongue  takes  place  at  the  forward 
upper  portion  of  the  hard  palate  and  is  caused  by  the  pressure  of  breath  against  the 
tip  of  the  tongue  which  oscillates  back  and  forth  against  the  palate.  Many  are 
incapable  of  rolling  the  r.  Energetic  action  of  the  breath  is  required  to  create  the 
regular  movements  of  the  tongue'tip  through  focussed  pressure.  It  is  needless  to  say 
that  the  over'roUed  r  savors  of  pure  affectation. 

Examples 

R^gnum — RREH'neeyoom;  regma — rreh'GEE-nah;  rt'spice — RREH-spee-cheh; 
refulsit — rreh-FOOHL-seet;  rer^'la — rrehWEH'lah;  personae  —  pehr^SAW'neh; 
)2d5tra — NAW'Strah;  aet^'rna — eh-TEHR-nah;  cor — CAWR;  sniper — SOO-pehr 
(not  suh'purr) ;  conse  qu^mur — cawn'seh'KWAH-moor. 

Note:  The  rule  already  given,  vi2;.,  that  a  consonant  should  never  he  anticipated, 
apphes  with  particular  force  to  the  r.  For  instance,  Kyvie  should  not  be  pronounced 
KYRR-eceh  but  KEE'receh;  te'rram — pronounced  Teh'rahm,  not  TERRR'ahm; 
mdrtuis  pronounced  MAWR'tocees,  not  MOHRR-too'ces:  gloria  is  GLAW^recah, 
not  GLAWRR-ee-ah. 

Another  common  fault  is  the  overemphasis  given  to  the  final  'V  in  such  words  as 
"super,"  etc.  Semper  is  often  pronounced  sem-purrr  instead  of  SEHM-pehr.  Con- 
fundar  is  incorrectly  pronounced  confiDidarr  instead  of  cawn'FOON'dahr. 


S 

S  is  given  the  same  sound  as  in  the  English  words  son,  sound,  sing  and  case.  It 
should  never  be  given  the  sound  of  Z  as  in  raise,  praise  or  da^e. 

Examples 

Sapientiae — sah'pee'EHN-tzee'eh;  sentire — sehn'TEE  reh:  sicut — SEE'koot. 

Reges — REH'jehs  (not  rayjayz);  caedes — TCHEH-dehs  (not  tchaydays);  itrbes 
— OOR'behs;  homines — AW-mee-nehs;  dies — DEE-ehs  (not  DEE^ays);  res — 
REHS  (not  raise) . 

Note:  When  s  is  found  between  two  vowels  it  is  sHghtly  softened,  e.g., 
mise?v're  —  mee-seh'REH'reh  (not  mis'Crr'rayray) ;  misericordiae  —  mee'seh'rec 
CAWR'dee-eh. 


According    to    Roman     Usage  19 

SS 

The  rule  regarding  double  consonants  (which  generally  demands  a  clear'Cut  separa' 
tion  of  each  consonant),  is  somewhat  modified  in  the  case  of  the  double  "s"  in  the 
middle  of  words,  such  as  ''altissimus,"'"'  "sublet'dsset,"  ""cessassent,"  "misericordiS' 
simae,"  "esse,"  "possideat,""  etc.  The  tip  of  the  tongue  is  raised  to  the  hard  palate 
on  the  first  '"'"s"  and  is  held  for  an  instant,  then  released  for  the  articulation  of  the 
second  "s";  e.g.,  Ahl'TEES'see-moos,  soob4eh'VAHS'seht,  chehs-SAHS-sent,  mee' 
seh-rec'cawr-DEES'see-meh,  EHS'seh,  paws'SEE-deh-aht.  An  elongation  of  the  "s" 
is  thus  effected,  but  this  should  not  approach  an  exaggerated  hissing  sound. 

SC 

SC  before  e,  i,  y,  ae,  oe,  eu  has  the  sound  of  sh  in  shed,  shall,  she  or  shore. 

Examples 

Desc^'ndit — deh'SHEN'deet;  v/scera- — VEE'sheh'rah;  asc^^'ndit — ah-SHEN'deet; 
scelus  —  SHEH'loos;  requie'scet  —  reh'kwecEH'shet;  tabescet  —  tah'BEH'shet; 
5//5cipe — SOO'she-peh;  s//5citans — SOO-she-tahns;  5c/mus — She-moos;  7T('7scitur — 
NAH'shee'toor;  quiescit — kwee-EH'sheet;  scio — SHEE-aw;  5C<^na — SHEH-nah; 
Francisce — Frahn'TCHEE'sheh;  Damasci — dah-MAH-shee. 

SC 

SC  before  A,  O  or  U  is  pronounced  as  sc  in  the  English  word  scope  or  scholar, 
or  as  s\  in  skull. 

Examples 

Scabellum  —  skah-BEHL-loom ;  sciito  —  SKOO-taw;  requie'scat  —  reh-kwecEH' 
skaht;  Pischa  —  PAH-skah;  cogndsco  —  cawneeAW'skaw;  abscdndito  —  ahb' 
SKAWN'dee'taw;  obscur^'ntur — awb'skoo'REHN-toor. 

SCH 

Sch  has  the  same  sound  as  in  Enghsh.  Schdla — SKAW'lah;  Schol(istica — 
ska  W'L  AH'Stee'kah . 

T 

(The  rule  for  ti  appears  under  a  separate  heading) 

T  at  the  beginning  of  words  is  given  the  same  sound  as  in  English.  It  is  articulated 
in  a  crisp  manner  but  without  any  explosive  or  blowing  sound.  The  tip  of  the 
tongue  releases  the  accumulated  breath  by  a  rapid  movement  from  the  hard  palate 
to  the  normal  position. 

Examples 

Tempord. — TEHM-paw-rah;  tfbi — TEE-bee:  tuo — TOO-aw;  te-TEH;  t^'rra — 
TEHR-rah;  to'Ilis — TAWL-lees;  trt)itum — TAHN-toom;  testain^'ntum — teh-stah- 
MEN-toom:  t^'rrae — TEHR-reh. 

At  the  end  of  words  the  t  is  clearly  defined  by  the  tip  of  the  tongue,  but  not  in 
such  an  exaggerated  manner  as  to  give  forth  an  added  vowel  sound,  e.g.,  et — EHT, 
not  ETTUH:  ut— OOT,  not  OOTTUH.  A  softer  sound  is  given  to  the  t  in  such 
words  as  e'tenim — EHT-eh-neem;  utraque — OO'trah'kweh;  uterque — oo'TEHR' 
kooeh,  etc. 

General  Rule 

Within  the  sentence,  when  words  end  with  a  consonant  and  the  following  word 
begins  with  another  consonant,  both  must  be  pronounced  separately,  e.g.,  et  c^'tera 
— "EHT  TCHEH'teh-rah;  laud^'bunt  te  —  lahoo-DAH-boont  teh;  qui  ti'ment 
Ddminum — kwee  TEE-mehnt  DAW-mee-noom. 


20  The    Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 

On  the  contrary  some  prepositions  must  be  jointly  pronounced  when  words 
which  follow  begin  with  a  vowel,  e.sj.:  et  <^'it — EHTAH-eet;  ab  ilh — AHB-EEL- 
law;  ut  ipse— OOHT'EEP'seh;  Deus^et  homo— DEH-oos-EHTAW-maw. 

TH 

Th  is  pronounced  simply  t  as  in  the  English  words:  to,  ten,  Tom,  tent;  never  as 
in  thought  or  then. 

Examples 

Cat/io'licam  —  Kah-TAW-lee-cahm;  Thes^'itrus  —  teh'SAHoo-roos;  Thdrsis  — 
TAHr-sees;  Theos — TEH-aws;  Thomas — TAW'mahs;  thema — TEH-mah. 


TI 

(a)  When  the  syllable  ti  is  followed  by  a  vowel  and  preceded  by  any  letter  except 
S.T.  or  X  it  is  pronounced  tzee  or  tsee  (not  tee). 

Examples 
Gr<7tia — GRAH-tbce-ah;  deprecationem — deh'preh'cah-tsee'AW-nem  (not  day 
praycah'tee-OH-nem) ;  t^'rtia  —  TEHR-tsee^ah;  sper^ntium  —  speh-RAHN'tsec 
oom;  laet/tiam — leh-TEE-tsee-ahm;  satiet^tis — sah'tsee-eh'TAH-tees;  redemptionis 
— reh'dehmp'tsee'AW-nees;  p^'tii — PEH-tsee-ee;  tdtius — TAW-tsee-oos;  ^'tiam — 
Eh'tsee-ahm;  trist/tia  —  tree-STEE'tsee-ah;  hquentium  —  lawKWEN-tsee-oom ; 
morie'ntium  —  mawree'EHN-tsecoom;  malignaVitium  —  mah'lee'neeAHN-tsee' 
oom :  innoce'ntior — een-awTCHEN'tsecawr. 

(b)  When  ti  is  followed  by  any  vowel  and  is  preceded  by  s,  t  or  x  it  retains  its 
own  sound. 

Examples 
lustior — eeOO'Stee-awr;    mod^'stia — mawDEH'Stecah;    rtttius — AHT'tecoos; 
mixtio — MEECKS'tee-aw. 

(c)  Ti  (or  ty)  retains  its  own  sound  also  in  certain  Greek  words,  e.g.:  Ti^'ra — 
tee-AH-rah;  asty<'zges — ah-stee-AH'jess;  asty<7nax — ah'Stee-AH-nahcks. 

(d)  Ti  also  retains  its  normal  sound  in  the  case  of  the  infinitive  of  the  deponent 
and  passive  verbs  when  enlarged. 

Examples 
Prttier — PAH'tee-ehr;  tv'rtier — VEHR'tec'ehr  (from  pati — PAH'tee  and  verti 
— VEHR'tee).  Corn; Mi  —  cawhn'VEHR-tee;  convertkr  —  cawn^VEHR'tee'ehr; 
patior — PAH'tee'awr. 

V 

V  is  treated  exactly  as  in  English  (see  exercises  at  letter  F) . 


X 

X  is  a  double  consonant;  a  combination  of  cs,  gs,  or  ks.  It  is  given  the  softer 
sound  of  gs  at  the  beginning  of  words  when  X  is  preceded  by  e  and  followed  by  a 
vowel — or  when  between  x  and  a  vowel  there  occurs  the  letter  h  or  s. 

Examples 

Exalto  —  eg'SAHL'taw  (not  eck-ZAHL'taw) ;  exe'rceo  —  eg-SEHR'cheh-aw; 
exdpto  —  eg'SAW'ptaw;  exsulto  —  eg-SOOL'taw;  exhibeo  —  eg-SEE-beh-aw; 
exsupero  —  eg'SOO-peh-raw;  e'xsules  —  EG-soO'lehs;  exsiirge  —  eg'SOOR'jeh; 
vexilla — veg-SEEL'lah. 

In  every  other  instance  it  takes  on  the  harder  sound  of  X  (eck). 


According    to    Roman    Usage 


21 


Examples 

Excelsis — eck'SHELL'sees;   pax — PAHCKS;   vox — VAWCKS;   excussdrum — 

ecks'koos'SAW'room;     Xavier  —  CKSAH'vee'ehr;    or    ZAH'vee'ehr;    lux  — 

LOOCKS;  exce'ssus — eck-SHEH-ssoos;  ex — ECKS;  resurre'xit — reh'soo'RRECK' 

seet:  exposcite  —  ecks-PAW'shee-teh;  tutrix  —  TOO'treecks;  praednxit  —  preh' 

CHEENCKS-eet.  

Y  (Same  as  I) 


Z  is  pronounced  dz,.    Examples:   Laz^arus  —  LAH-dzah-roos;  2,iz<inia  —  dzee- 
DZAH-nee-ah;   2;flus  —  DZEH-loos;  Zebedae'o  —  dzeb-eh'dah'EH-aw. 


CHAPTER  IV 

THE  ORDINARY  OF  THE  MASS 

Phonetically  arranged** 

ASPERGES  ME 

On  Sundays,  except  during  Eastertide. 

Asperges  me,  Domine,  hyssopo,  et  mun-     Ah-SPEHR'gesMEH,*  DAW^mee-neh, 

ee- SAW -pah,  EHT  moon-DAH- 
dabor;  lavabis  me  et  super  nivem  deal-         bawr;    lah'VAH-bees    MEH,    EHT 

SOO'pehr  HE&wehm  deh-ahl-BAH- 
babor.  bawr. 

Ps.    Miserere    mei,    Deus*    secundum     Ps.    Mee-seh-REH-reh  MEH-ee,  DEH- 

oos,*  seh  -  K007\[ '  doom  MAH-nee- 


magnam  misericordiam  tuam. 
(1)    Gloria  Patri,  et  Filio,  et  Spiritui 
Sancto.*    Sicut  erat  in  principio,  et 
nunc,  et  semper,  et  in  saecula  saecu- 
lorum.   Amen. 


yahm  mee'seh'ree'KAWR'decahm 
TOO-ahm. 
(1)  GLAW-ree-ah  PAH-tree  EHT 
FEE'lee-aw,  EHT  spee'REF-too'ce 
SAHNK'taw.*  SFE'koot  FH-raht 
EEKl  Preen-CHEF'pee-aw,  EHT 
KOOHK  EHT  SFHM'pehr,  EHT 
FEN  SFH'koo'lah  seh-koo-LAW- 
room.   AH'mehn. 

(Asperges  is  repeated  from  the  beginning     (Asperges  is  repeated  from  the  beginning 
to  the  Psalm.)  to  the  Psalm.) 

VIDI  AQUAM 

(Sung  on  Sundays  during  Eastertide) 

Vidi  Aquam*  egredientem  de  templo  a     VFF-dee   AH-kooahm*    eh-greh^dec 

FHN'tehm  DFH  TFHM-plaw,  AH 
latere  dextro,  alleluia;  LAH-teh-reh   DFCK-straw,   AhMeh- 

LOO-eeah; 
et  omnes  ad  quos  pervenit  aqua  ista,     FHT  A WM^nehs  AHD  kooAWS  pehr' 

VFH-neet  AH'kooah  FF-stah,  SAHL- 
salvi  facti  sunt,  et  dicent:  Alleluia,         vee  FAHK-tee-SOONT',  FHT  DFF- 

chehnt;    AhMeh-LOO-eeah,    AhMeh- 
alleluia.  LOO-eeah. 

*  The  "Gloria  Patri"  is  omitted  on  Passion  and  Palm  Sundays. 

**  Phonetic  arrangement  Copyright  1937:  The  St.  Gregory  Guild.  Phila.,  Pa. 


22  The    Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 

Ps.  Confitemini  Domino  quoniam  bonus; 
quoniam   in  saeculum   misericordiam 


ejus. 
Gloria  Patri,  et  Filio,  et  Spiritui  Sancto,* 

Si'cut  erat  in  principio,  et  nunc  et  semper, 
et  in  saecula  saeculorum.   Amen. 

("Vidi  Aquam'""  is  repeated  from  the 
beginning  to  the  Psalm.) 


Ps.  Kawn'fee-TEH'mee'nee  DAW'mee- 
naw  KooAW'nee-ahm  BAW^noos; 
KooA W '  nee '  ahm  ££7\[  SEH-koo- 
loom  mee'seh'ree'KAWR'dee'ahm 
EH'yoos. 

GLAW-ree-ah  PAH-tree  EHT  FEE-lee- 
aw,  jEHT  spee-REE'too-ee  SAHNK- 
taw*   - 

S££'koot  EH-raht  EEH  preen-CHES- 
pee-aw,  EHT  KlOOliK,  EHT  SEHM- 
pehr,  EHT  EEH  S£H'koo4ah  seh- 
koo'LAW'room.  AH'mehn. 

C'Vidi  Aquam"  is  repeated  from  the 
beginning  to  the  Psalm). 


RESPONSES  AFTER  THE  ASPERGES  OR  THE  VIDI  AQUAM 


1 — Celebrant:  V.  Ostende  nobis,  D6' 
mine,  misericordiam  tuam.  (During 
Eastertide  "Alleluia"  is  added.) 


1 — Choir:  R.  Et  salutare  tuum  da  nobis. 
(During  Eastertide  ''Alleluia''  is 
added.) 

2 — Cel.:  V.  Domine  exaudi  orationem 
meam. 

2 — Choir:    R.    Et  clamor  meus  ad  te 

veniat. 
3 — Cel.:  V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 

3 — Choir:  R.  Et  cum  Spiritu  tuo. 

4 — Cel.:  V.  Oremus,  etc.  (Prayer  clos- 
ing with  "Per  Christum  Dominum 
nostrum." 

4 — Choir:  R.  Amen. 


1— Celebrant:    V.    Aw'STEHN'deh 

T^^AW'bees,  DAW-mee-neh,  mee-seh- 

ree-KAWR'dee-ahm   TOO-ahm: 

(During    Eastertide    add    AhMeh- 

LOO-eeah.) 

I— Choir:    R.    EHTsah-loo-TAH-reh 
TOO-oom  DAH  NAW-bees.    (Dur- 
ing Eastertide   "AhMeh-LOO-eeah" 

is  added.) 

2— Cel.:  V.  DAW-mee-neh  eg-SAHoo- 
dee  aw-rah-tsee-AW-nehm  MEH^ahm. 

2— Choir:  R.  EHT  CLAH-mawr  MEH- 
oos  AHD  TEH  VEH-nee-aht. 

3— Cel.:  V.  DAW-mee-noos  vaw-BEE- 
skoom. 

}>— Choir:  R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree- 
too  TOO-aw. 

4 — Cel.:  V.  Aw-REH-moos  (Prayer 
closing  with  PEHR  CHREE-stoom 
DAW-mee-noom  Js^AW-stroom.) 

4— Choir:  R.  AH-mehn. 


Kyrie  eleison  (3  times) 
Christe  eleison  (3  times) 
Kyrie  eleison  ( 3  times) 


KYRIE  ELEISON 


K£E-ree-eh  eh-LEH-ee-sawn  (3  times) 
KREE-steh  eh-LEH-ee-sawn  (3  times) 
KEE-ree-eh  eh-LEH-ee-sawn   (3  times) 


According    to    Roman    Usage 


23 


GLORIA  IN  EXCELSIS  DEO 


Celebrant:  Gloria  in  excelsis  Deo. 

Choir:  Et  in  terra  pax  hominibus  bonx 
voluntatis. 

Laudamus  te.  Benedicimus  te.  Adora' 
mus  te.  Glorificamus  te.  Gratias  agi' 
mus  tibi  propter  magnam  gloriam 
tuam. 

Domine  Deus.  Rex  coelestis,  Deus  Pater 

omnipotens.    Domine  Fili  unigenite, 

Jesu  Christe. 
Domine  Deus,  Agnus  Dei,  Filius  Patris. 

Qui  tollis  peccata  mundi:  miserere  nobis. 

Qui  tollis  peccata  mundi,  suscipe  deprc 

cationem  nostram. 
Qui  sedes  ad  dexteram  Patris,  miserere 

nobis. 
Quoniam   tu   solus   sanctus.    Tu   solus 

Dominus.    Tu   solus   altissimus  Jesu 

Christe. 
Cum  Sancto  Spiritu  in  gloria  Dei  Patris. 
Amen. 


Celebrant:     GLAW-ree-ah    EEH    eck- 

SHELL'sees  DEH'aw. 
Choir:  EHT  EEH  TEH-rrah  PAHCKS 

awMEE-nee-boos  BAW'neh  vaw 

loon-TAH'tees. 

Lah'OO'DAH-moos  TEH.  Beh-neh-DEE- 
chee-mooS'TEH.  Ah-dawRAH-moos 
TEH.  Glawree-fee-KAH-moos'TEH. 
GRAH'tsee-ahs  AH-jee-moos  TEE- 
bee  PRAWP'tehr  MAH-neeyahm 
GLAW-ree-ahm  TOO-ahm. 

DAW-mee-neh  DEH-oos.  RREHCKS 
cheh'LEH'Stees,  DEH-oos  PAH-tehr 
awm-'7\[EE'paw'tehns.  DAW'mee- 
neh  EEE'lee  oo'nee-JEH'nee-teh, 
TEH'Soo  KREE'Steh. 

DAW-mecneh  DEH-oos  AH^neeyoos 
DEH^eQ,  FEE'lee-oos  PAH-trees. 

KooEE  TAWL'lees  Peck -KAH- tab 
MOON'dee,  mee-seh-REH-reh 
NAW'bees. 

KooEE  TAWL'lees  Peck -KAH- tab 
M007\['dee  SOO-shee-peh  deh-preh- 
cah'tsee-AW'nehm  T^^AW-strahm. 

KooEE  SEH'dehs  AHD  DECKS-teh- 
rahm  PAH'trees,  mee'seh'REH-reh 
NAW'bees. 

Koo-AW-nee-ahm  TOO  SAW-loos 
SAHNK'toos.  rOO  SAW'loos 
DAW-mee-noos.  TOO  SAW4oos 
ahl'TEES'see-moos,  TEH-soo  KREE^ 
steh. 

KOOM  SAHNK'taw  SPEE-ree-too 
EEH  GLAW-ree-ah  DEH^ee  PAH- 
trees.   AH^mehn. 


RESPONSES  BEFORE  THE  COLLECT  AND  OTHER  PRAYERS 

1 — Gel.:  V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 


1 — Cel:  V.  DAW-mee-noos  vaw'BEE' 

skoom. 
I— Choir:  R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree- 
too  TOO-aw. 
2— Gel:  V.  Or  emus.  (Here  follow  the     2— Cel:  V.  awREH-moos.    (Here  fol- 


1 — Choir:  R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 

-Cel:  V. 
orations.) 
2 — Choir:  R.  Amen. 


low  the  orations.) 
2 — Choir:  R.  AH-mehn. 


24 


The    Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 
RESPONSES  BEFORE  THE  GOSPEL 


1 — Cel.:  V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 
1 — Choir:  R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 


1— Cel.:  V.  DAW-mee-noos  vaw'BEE- 
skoom. 

1— Choir:  R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree- 
too  TOO-aw. 

2 — Cel.:  V.   Sequentia  sancti  Evangelii     2 — Cel.:     V.    Seh-kooEHN'tsecah 

SAHNK'tee  Eh'vahn'JEH4ee'ee  seh- 
secundum  Liicam.  K007s['doom  LOO-kahm. 

2— Choir:  R.  Gloria  tibi  Domine.  2— Choir:   R.   GLAW-ree-ah  TEE-bee 

DAW-mee-neh. 


CREDO 


Celebrant:  Credo  in  unum  Deum. 


Choir:  Patrem  omnipotentem  factorem 
coeli  et  terras,  visibilium  omnium,  et 
invisibilium. 


Et  in  unum  Dominum,  Jesum  Christum, 
Filium  Dei  unigenitum. 

Et  ex  Patre  natum  ante  omnia  saecula. 

Deum  de  Deo,  lumen  de  lumine,  Deum 
verum  de  Deo  vero. 

Genitum,  non  factum,  consubstantialem 
Patri;  per  quem  omnia  facta  sunt. 


Qui  propter  nos  homines,  et  propter  nos- 
tram  salutem,  descendit  de  coelis. 


Et  incarnatus  est  de  Spiritu  Sancto  ex 
Maria  Virgine: 

Et  homo  factus  est. 

Crucifixus  etiam  pro  nobis:    sub  Pontio 
Pilato  passus,  et  sepultus  est. 


Celebrant:  KREH-daw  E£A[  OO-noom 
DEH'Oom. 

Choir:  PAH'trehm  awm-nee-paw 
TEHN 'tehm  fahk  -  TAW  -  rehm 
CHEHAee  EHT  TEH-rreh  vee-see- 
BEE'lee-oom  AWM-nee-oom,  EHT 
een-vee'see'BEE'lee-oom . 

EHT  EEH  OO-noom  DAW-mee-noom, 
TEH'Soom  KREE-stoom,  FEE-lee-oom 
DEH-ee  oo^nee-JEH-nee-toom. 

EHT  ECKS  PAH'treh  NAH-toom 
AHN'teh  AWM-nee-ah  SEH-koo-lah. 

DEH'Oom  DEH  DEH-aw,  LOO-mehn 
DEH  LOO-mee-neh.  DEH-oom  VEH- 
room  DEH  DEH-aw  VEH-raw. 

JEH' nee 'toom  TsJAWN  EAHK-toom 
kawn-soob'Stahn'tsee-AH'lehm  PAH- 
tree;  PEHR  kooEHM  AWM  -  nee- 
ah  FAHK'tah  SOOHT. 

KooEE   PRAWP'tehr   HAWS   AW- 
•  mee-nehs,  EHT  PR AWP-tehr  N AW- 
strahm  sah-LOO-tehm,  deh-SHEHT^- 
deet  DEH  CHEH-lees. 

EHT  een-kahr-NAH'toos  EHST  DEH 
SPEE-ree-too  SAHNK-taw  ECKS 
mah'REE-ah  VEER-jee-neh: 

EHT  AVV-maw  EAHK-toos  EHST. 

Croo'chec'EEECK'SOos  EH 'tsee-ahm 
PRAWNAW'bees:  SOOB  PAWN' 
tsee'aw  pee-LAH-taw  PAH-ssoos, 
EHT  seh'POOL'toos  EHST. 


According    to    Roman    Usage 


25 


Et  resurrexit  tertia  die,  secundum  Scrip' 
turas. 


Et  ascendit  in  coelum : 
Patris. 


sedet  ad  dexteram 


Et  iterum  venturus  est  cum  gloria,  judi' 
care  vivos  et  mortuos:  cujus  regni  non 
erit  finis. 


Et  in  Spiritum  Sanctum  Dominum  et 
vivificantem:  qui  ex  Patre  Filioque 
procedit; 


qui  cum  Patre  et  Filio  simul  adoratur  et 
conglorificatur:  qui  locutus  est  per 
Prophetas. 


Et  unam  sanctam  catholicam  et  apos' 
tolicam  Ecclesiam. 

Confiteor  unum  baptisma  in  remissionem 
peccatorum.  Et  exspecto  resurrection 
nem  mortuorum. 


Et  vitam  venturi  saeculi.  Amen. 


EHT  reh'Soor-REHCK'seet  TEHR-tsee- 
ah  DEE-eh,  seh'KOO>^'doom  skreep- 
TOO-rahs. 

EHT  ah'SHEHN'deet  EEH  CHEH^ 
loom:  SEH'deht  AMD  DECKS-teh- 
rahm  PAH'trees. 

EHT  EE'teh-room  vehn-TOO-roos 
EHSr  KOOM  GLAW-ree-ah,  yoo- 
dee  '  KAH  -  reh  VEE  -  vaws  EHT 
MAWR'too-aws:  KOO-yoos  REEK" 
yee  A[AWN  EH-reet  EEE-nees. 

EHT  EEH  SPEE-ree-toom  SAHNK- 
toom  DAW'mee-noom  EHT  vee'vee' 
fee-KAHN'tehm:  kooEE  ECKS 
PAH'treh  fee-lee-AW'kooEH  praw 
CHEH'deet; 

kooEE  KOOM  PAH'treh  EHT  EEE- 
lee-aw  SEE-mool  ah'dawRAH-toor, 
EHT  kawn'glawree'fee'KAH'toor: 
kooEE  law'KOO'toos  EHST  PEHR 
praw'FEH'tahs. 

EHT  00 -nahm  SAHNK-tahm  kah- 
TAW'lee-kahm  EHT  ah-paw 
STAW'lee-kahm  eh-KKLEH-see-ahm. 

Kawn-EEE'teh-awr  OO-noom  bahp' 
TEES-mah  EET^l  reh-mees-see-AW' 
nehm  peck -kah- TAW -room.  EHT 
ecks '  PEHK  -  taw  reh '  soor '  reck  -  t2,ee ' 
AW-nehm  mawptoo'AW-room. 

EHT  VEE'tahm  vehn-TOO-ree  SEH^ 
koo'lee.  AH-mehn. 


RESPONSES  BEFORE  THE  OFFERTORY 


1 — Cel.:  V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 
1 — Choir:  R.   Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 
2 — Cel.:  V.  Oremus. 


1 — Cel.:   V.    DAW/'mee-noos    vaw- 
BEES'koom. 

I— Choir:  R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree- 
too  TOO-aw. 

2— Cel:  V.  AwREH-moos. 


Choir  proceeds  with  the  Proper  Offertory  of  the  Day,  after  which  an 
appropriate  motet  may  be  sung. 


26  The     Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 

RESPONSES  BEFORE  THE  PREFACE 

1 — Cel.:  V.  Per  omnia  saecula  saeculo 

rum. 
1 — Choir:  R.   Amen. 
2 — Cel.:   V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 


1— Cel.:.    V.    PEHR    AWM-nee-ah- 
SEH'koO'lah  seh-koo'LAW^room. 

l—CJioir:  R.   AH-mehn. 

2 — Cel.:    V.    DAW-mee-noos   vaw 
BEES'\oom. 

2— Choir:   R.  EHT  KOOM  SPE&ree^ 
too  TOO-aw. 

3_CeI.:  V.  SOOR-soom  KAWR-dah. 

3— Choir:    R.  Ah-BEH-moos    AHD 
DA  W'mee'noom . 

4 — Cel:    V.    Gratias  agamus  Domino     4 — Cel.:  V.   GRAH-tsee-ahs  ah'GAH- 
Deo  nostro.  moos    DAW'mee-naw    DEH'aw 

?v^AW'Straw. 

4 — Choir:  R.  Dignum  et  justum  est.         4 — Choir:    DEE-neeyoom  EHT  TOO' 

stoom  EHST. 


2 — C/ioir:  R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 

3 — Cel.:  V.  Sursum  corda. 

3 — Choir:    R.    Habemus  ad  Dominum. 


SANCTUS 

Sanctus,     Sanctus,     Sanctus    Dominus     SAH7s[K'toos,  SAH7\[K'toos,  SAHJ\[K' 
Deus  Sabaoth.  toos  DAW-mee-noos  DEH-oos  SAH- 

bah'awt. 

Pleni  sunt  coeli  et  terra  gloria  tua.   Ho-     PLEH^nee    S001<iT    CHEHAee   EHT 
sanna  in  excelsis.  TEHR-rah   GLAW-ree-ah   TOO-ah. 

Aw'SAH-nnah    EEH    eck-SHELL- 

sees. 

BENEDICTUS 

Benedictus  qui  venit  in  nomine  Domini.     Beh'neh-DEEK'toos    kooEE    VEH'neet 

EEKl  JV^AW-mee-neh  DAW'mee-nee. 
Hosanna  in  excelsis.  AwSAH-nnah  E£7\[   eck-SHELL' 

sees. 


RESPONSES  AT  THE  PATER  NOSTER 
I— Cel:    V.    Per  omnia  saecula  saecu'     1— Cel.:  V.  PEHR  AWM-nee-ah  SEH- 


lorum. 
1 — Choir:  R.  Amen. 


koo'lah  seh'koo'LAW'room. 
I— Choir:   R.  AH-mehn. 


2 — Cel:    V.  Oremus,  etc. — Et  ne  nos     2 — Cel.:  V.  AwREH-moos,  etc.,  EHT 

HEH  HAWS  een-DOO'kahs  EEN 
tehn-tah'tsee- A  W'nehm . 

2— Choir:    R.    SEHD    LEE-beh-rah 


inducas  in  tentationem. 
2 — Choir:  R.  Sed  libera  nos  a  malo. 


HAWS  AH  MAH'law. 


According    TO    Roman    Usage  27 

RESPONSES  BEFORE  THE  AGNUS  DEI 

i—Cel:    V.    Per  omnia  saecula  saecu-      1— CeL:  V.  P£HR  AWM-nee-ahSEH- 
lorum.  koo'lah  seh-koo-LAV/'room. 

{—Choir:  R.  Amen.  1— Choir;  R.  AH-mehn. 

2—Cel:    V.    Pax  Domini  sit  semper     2—Cel.:   V.   PAHCKS  DAW-mee-nee 
vobiscum.  SEET  SEHM-pehr  vawBEE-skoom. 

2— Choir:  R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo.  2— Choir:   R.   £HT  KOOM  SPEE-ree- 

too  TOO-aw. 

AGNUS  DEI 

Agnus   Dei   qui   tollis   peccata   mundi:     AH'neeyoos   DEH^ee   kooEE   TAWL' 

lees  peck'KAH'tah  MOON'dee:  mee- 
miserere  nobis  (Repeat.)  seh-REH-reh  ]\[AW'bees.    (Repeat.) 

Agnus   Dei   qui   tollis   peccata  mundi:     AH-neeyoos   DEH^ee  kooEE   TAWL- 

lees  peck'KAH'tah  MOON'dee: 
dona  nobis  pacem.  DAW-nah  ^AW-bees  PAH-chehm. 

RESPONSES  BEFORE  THE  POST  COMMUNION 

1 — Cel:  V.  Dominus  vobiscum.  1 — Cel:  V.  DAW-mee-noos  vaw-BEE- 

skoom. 

I— Choir:  R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo.  1— Choir:    R.   EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree 

too  TOO-aw. 

2—Cel:   V.    Oremus  (here  follow  the     2—Cel.:  R.  awREH-moos  (here  follow 

orations).  the  orations). 

2— Choir:  R.  Amen.  2— Choir:   R.   AH-mehn. 


RESPONSES  AT  END  OF  MASS 

1 — Cel:   V.  Dominus  vobiscum.  1 — Cel.:  V.  DAW-mee-noos  vaw-BEE- 

skoom. 

1— Choir:   R.   Et  cum  spiritu  tuo.  I— Choir:   R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree- 

too  TOO-aw. 

2— Cel.:  V.   Ite  missa  est,  or  Benedica-     2— Cel:  V.   EE-teh,  MEE-ssah  EHST, 
mus  Domino,  or  Beh - neh -  dee -KAH' moos  DAW' 

mee'naw. 
2_Choir:  R.  Deo  gratias.  2— Choir:  R.  DEH-aw  GRAH-tsee-ahs. 


28 


The     Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 
PONTIFICAL  BLESSING 


I— Cell    V.    Sit  nomen  Domini  bene-     1— Cel.:  V.  S££T  N A W-mehn  DAW- 
dictum.  mec'nee  beh'neh-DEEK'toom. 

I— Choir:   R.   Ex  hoc  nunc  et  usque  in     1— Choir:   R.   ECKS  AWK  HOOHK 


saeculum. 

2 — Cel.:    V.    Adjutorium   nostrum   in 
nomine  Domini. 

2 — Choir:     R.     Qui    fecit    coelum    et 

terram. 
3 — Cel.:   V.   Benedicat  vos  omnipotens 

Deus:     Pater,    et   Filius,    et   Spiritus 

Sanctus. 

3 — Choir:  R.  Amen. 


EHT  OOS'koo£H  EEli  SEH-koo- 
loom. 

2 — Cel.:  V.  Ahd-yoo-TAW-ree-oom 
NAW'Stroom  EEX  NAW-mee-neh 
DAW'mec'nee. 

2— Choir:  R.  KooEE  FEH-cheet  CHEH- 
loom  EHT  TFH-rrahm. 

3— Cel:  V.  Beh-neh-DFE-kaht  VAWS 
awm-TsJEF-paw'tens  DEH-oos  PAH- 
tehr  EHT  EEE-lee-oos,  EHT  SPEE- 
ree-toos  SAH7\[K'toos. 

^— Choir:   R.   AH-mehn. 


CHAPTER  V 

THE  REQUIEM  MASS  AND  ABSOLUTION 
(INCLUDING  PARTS  OF  THE  BURIAL  SERVICE) 

SUBVENITE 

Subvenite*  Sancti  Dei,  occurrite  Angeli     Soob-veh-^^EE-teh*  SAH7s[K'tee  DEH- 

ee,   awk-KOOR-ree-teh  AHTsJ-jeh-lee 
Domini:  DAV/'mecnee: 

*Suscipientes  animam  ejus:  *SoO'shee'pee'EH?\['tehs   AH'necmahm 

EH'yoos: 

fOiferentes  earn  in  conspectu  AJtissimi.     jAwf'feh'REHTvJ'tehs  EH 'ahm   £EA[ 

kawn'SPEHK'too  ahl-TEES-see-mee. 

V.  Suscipiat  te  Christus,  qui  vocavit  te:     V.  Soo'SHEE'pee'aht  TEH  CHREE- 

stoos,   kooEE  vaw'KAH'veet  TEH: 

et  in  sinum  Abrahae  Angeli  deducant         EHT  E£7\[  SEE 'noom  AH'brah-eh 

AHN'jeh'lee  deh-DOO-kahnt  TEH. 

te.    (Repeat  "Susdpientes"  to  "AltiS'         (Repeat  "Suscipientes''  to  "Altis- 

simi").  simi"). 

V.  Requiem  aeternam  dona  ei  Domine:     V.    REH 'kooee-ehm    eh' TEHR -nahm 

DAW  -  nah  EH  -  ee  DAW  -  mee  -  neh : 
et  lux  perpetua  luceat  ei.  EHT    LOOCKS    pehr-PEH-too-ah 

LOO'cheh-aht  EH^ee. 

fRepeat  "Offerentes"  to  "Altissimi."  fRepeat  "Offerentes"  to  ''Altissimi." 


According    to    Roman    Usage 
INTROIT 


29 


Requiem  aeternam  dona  eis  Domine:         REH'kwee'ehm  eh-TEHR'nahm  DAW' 

nah  EH'ees  DAW'mee'neh: 

et  lux  perpetua  luceat  eis.  EHT  LOOCKS  pehr-PJEH-too-ah  LOO^ 

cheh'aht  EH-ees. 
(Psalm)  Te  decet  hymnus  Deus  in  Sion,     (Psalm)    TEH   DEH-cheht   EEM-noos 

DEH'Oos  EElsl  SEE^awn, 

et  tibi  reddetur  votum  in  Jerusalem:  EHT  TEE-bee  reh-DDEH-toor  VAW' 

toom  EE]\[  yeh'ROO'sah'lehm: 

*  exaudi  orationem  meam,  *  eg-SAHoo-dee   awrah'tZiee'AW'nehm 

MEH-ahm, 
ad  te  omnis  caro  veniet.  AHD    TEH    AWM '  nees    KAH  -  raw 

VEH-nee-eht. 
(Repeat  "Requiem"  to  the  Psalm.)  (Repeat  "Requiem"  to  the  Psalm). 


Kyrie  eleison  (three  times). 
Christe  eleison  (three  times). 
Kyrie  eleison  (three  times). 


V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 
R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 

V.  Oremus,  etc. 

Per  omnia  saecula  saeculorum 

R.  Amen. 


KYRIE 

KEE'ree-eh  eh  -  LEH '  ee  -  sawn   (three 

times) . 
CHREE 'Steh  eh -LEH-ee- sawn    (three 

times) . 
KEE'receh  eh '  LEH '  ee '  sawn   (three 

times) . 

RESPONSES 

V.  DAW-mee-noos  vawBEES-koom. 
R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree-too  TOO- 

aw. 
V.  Aw-REH-moos,  etc. 

PEHR    AWM-nee-ah    SEH'koo4ah 

seh'koo'L  A  W-room . 
R.  AH-mehn. 


GRADUALE 


Requiem  aeternam  dona  eis  Domine 

et  lux  perpetua  luceat  eis. 

V.  In  memoria  aeterna 

erit  Justus 

ab  auditione  mala 

non  timebit. 


REH'kwee-ehm  eh-TEHR-nahm  DAW- 

nah  EH-ees  DAW-mecneh 
EHT  LOOCKS  pehr-PEH-too-ah  LOO^ 

tcheh-aht  EH-ees. 
V.  EETi  meh-MAW-ree-ah  eh-TEHR- 

nah 
EH-reet  TOO-stoos 

AHB  ahoo'dee-t^ee-AW-neh  MAH-lah 
HAWn  tee-MEH'beet. 


30  The     Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 

TRACTUS 
Absolve  Domine,  animas 


omnium  fidelium  defunctorum 
ab  omni  vinculo  delictorum. 
V.  Et  gratia  tua  illis  succurrente, 
mereantur  evadere  judicium  ultionis. 

V.  Et  lucis  aeternae 
beatitudine  perfrui. 


Ahb'SAWL'veh  DAW-mee-neh,  AH- 

necmahs 
AW7S['nee'Oom    fee-DEPi'lecoom    deh- 

foonk'TAW-room 
AHB  AW-mnee  V£EN'koo4aw  deh- 

leek'TAW'room. 
V.  EHT  GRAH't^ee-ah  TOO-ah  EEL 

lees  sook'koo'R£H7s['teh, 
meh'reh'AH7\['toor  eh-VAH-deh-reh 

yoo'D££'chee'Oom    ool't2,ee'AW' 

nees. 
V.  EHT  LOO'chees  eh-TEHR-neh 
beh-ah'tee-TOO'dee-neh   PEHR-froo-ee. 


SEQUENCE 

1 — Dies  irae,  dies  ilia, 

Solvet  saeclum  in  fa  villa: 

Teste  David  cum  Sibylla. 
2 — Quantus  tremor  est  futurus, 

Quando  judex  est  venturus 

Cuncta  stricte  discussurus! 

3 — Tuba  mirum  spargens  sonum 
Per  sepulcra  regionum, 
Coget  omnes  ante  thronum. 

4 — Mors  stupebit  et  natura, 
Cum  resurget  creatura, 
Judicanti  responsura. 

5 — Liber  scriptus  proferetur, 
In  quo  totum  continetur, 
tJnde  mundus  judicetur. 


—DIES  IRAE 

1— D££'ehs  E&reh,  DEE^ehs  EEDhh, 
SAWL'vet  SEH'cloom  EEH  fah- 
V££L'lah:  TEH'Steh  DAH-veed 
KOOM  See'B££L4ah. 

2— KooAHN'toos  TREH-moor  EHST 

foo'TOO'roos, 
KooAHN'daw  TOO-decks  EHST 

vehn'TOO'roos 
KOONK'tah     STREEK'teh     dee- 

skoos'SOO-roos! 

3— TOO'bah  MEE-room  SPAHR^ 

gens  SAW'noom 
PEHR  seh'POOL'krah  reh-gee- 

AW-noom, 
KAW'jet  AW-mnehs  AHN'teh 

TRAW-noom. 

4— MAWRS  stoo'PEH'beet  EHT  nah- 

TOO-rah, 
KOOM  reh'SOOR'jet  kreh-ah- 

TOO-rah, 
yoo'dee'KAH7\['tee  reh' spawn' 

SOO-rah. 

5 — LEE'behr  SKREEP-toos  prawfeh- 

REH'toor, 
EE7\[  KooAW  TAW'toom  kawn- 

tee'7s[EH'toor, 
OON 'deh  MOON'doos  yoo-dee- 

CHEH'toor. 


According    to 
6 — Judex  ergo  cum  sedebit 

Quid'quid  latet  apparebit 

Nil  in  ultum  remanebit 
7 — Quid  sum  miser  tunc  dicturus? 

Quern  patronum  rogaturus? 

Cum  vix  Justus  sit  securus 
8 — Rex  tremendae  majestatis, 

Qui  salvandis  salvas  gratis, 

Salva  me,  fons  pietatis. 
9 — Recordare  Jesu  pie. 

Quod  sum  causa  tuae  viae; 

Ne  me  perdas  ilia  die. 
10- — Quaerens  me,  sedisti  lassus: 

Redemisti  crucem  passus: 

Tantus  labor  non  sit  cassus. 
11 — Juste  judex  ultionis, 

Donum  fac  remissionis; 

Ante  diem  rationis. 
12 — Ingemisco,  tamquam  reus, 

Culpa  rubet  vultus  mens 

Supplicanti  parce  Deus. 
1 3 — Qui  Mariam  absolvisti, 

Et  latronum  exaudisti 

Mihi  quoque  spem  dedisti. 


Roman    Usage 


31 


6— TOO'decks  EHR'gaw  KOOM  seh- 

DEH'beet 
KooEED'kooeed   LAH-tet   alvpah- 

REH'beet 
l^EEL  EEJ<i  OOL'toom  reh-mah- 

NSH'beet 
1—KooEED    SOOM    MEE-sehr 

TOONK  deek'TOO-roos? 
KooEHM  pah'TRAW-noom  raw 

gah'TOO-roos? 
KOOM  VEECKS  TOO-stoos 

SEET  seh'KOO-roos 
8—REHCKS    treh'MEHN'deh    mah^ 

yes'TAH'tees, 
KooEE    sahl'VAHN'dees    SAHL- 

vahs  GRAH'tees, 
SAHL'vah  MEH,  FAWNS  pee- 

eh'TAH'tees. 
9— Reh-cawr-DAH-reh  TEH-soo 

PEE^eh, 
KooAWz3    SOOM    KAHoo'sah 

TOO-eh  V££'eh; 
HEH  MEH  PEHR'dahs  EEL-lah 

D££'eh. 
10— KooEH-rehns  MEH,  seh-DEE-stee 

LAH'Ssoos: 
Reh'deh'MEE'Stee  KROO-tchem 

PAHS'Soos. 
TAHN'toos  LAH'bawr  NAWN 

SEEr  KAHS'Soos. 
11— TOO'Steh    TOO 'decks   ool-tzee- 

AW'nees, 
DAW-noom   FAHK  reh-mee-ssec 

AW'nees; 
AHN'teh  DEE'chm  rah'tsee-AW- 

nees. 
12— Een'jeh'M££'skaw,  TAM'kwahm 

REH'Oos, 
KOOL'pah  ROO'beht  VOOL'toos 

MEH'Oos 
Soo'plee'KAHN'tee  PAHR'tcheh 

DEH'Oos. 
13— KooEE    Mah'REE'ahm    ahb-sawl' 

VEE'Stee, 
EHT   lah'TRAW-noom   eg'sahoo- 

DEE'Stee 
MEE'kee  KooAW-kooeh  SPEHM 

deh'DEE'Stee. 


32  The    Correct    Pro 

14 — Preces  meae  non  sunt  dignae; 

Sed  tu  bonus  fac  benigne, 

Ne  perenni  cremer  igne. 
1 5 — Inter  oves  locum  praesta, 

Et  ab  hoedis  me  sequestra, 

Statuens  in  parte  dextra. 
16 — Confutatis  maledictis, 

Flammis  acribus  addictis, 

Voca  me  cum  benedictis. 
17 — Oro  supplex  et  acclinis, 

Cor  contritum  quasi  cinis, 

Gere  curam  mei  finis. 
18 — Lacrimosa  dies  ilia, 

Qua  resurget  ex  fa  villa. 
19 — Judicandus  homo  reus; 

Huic  ergo  parce  Deus. 

20 — Pie  Jesu  Domine, 

dona  eis  requiem.  Amen. 


NUNCIATION      OF      LaTIN 


14_PR£;H'tches  MEH-eh  NAWN 

SOOHT  DEEN-yeh; 
SEHD  rOO  BAW-noos  FAHK 

beh'N££N'yeh, 
HEH    per-EHN-nee    KREH-mehr 

EEH^yeh. 
15— EEN'tehr  AW-vehs  LAWkoom 

PREH'Stah, 
EHr  AB  EH'dees  MEH  seh- 

KWEH'Strah, 
STAH'too-ehns   EEK   PAHR-teh 

DFCK'Strah. 
16 — Kawn-foo'TAH'tees  mah'leh 

DEEK'tees, 
FLAHM-mees  AHK^ree^boos 

Ahd^DEEK'tees, 
VAW'kah  MEH  KOOM  beh-neh 

DEEK'tees. 
17— AVV-raw  SOOP-plecks  EHT  ahk- 

KLEE-nees, 
KAWR  kawn-TREE'toom 

KooAH'see  TCHEE-nees, 
JEH-reh  KOO-rahm  MEH-ee  FEE^ 

nees. 
18— Lah'kree-MAW'sah  DEE  -  ehs 

EEL'lah 
KooAH  re-SOOR'jet  ECKS  fah- 

VEEL'lah. 
19     Yoo '  dee  -  KAHTi  -  doos  AW-maw 

REH'Oos: 
OO-eek  EHR 'gaw  PAHR-cheh 

DEH'Oos. 
20— PEE-eh  TEH'Soo  DAW-mee-neh, 
DAW-nah   EH-ees  REH-kooee- 

ehm.   AH'mehn. 


RESPONSES  AT  THE  GOSPEL 


V.  Dominus  vobiscum 
R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 


V.  Sequentia  Sancti  Evangelii 

secundum  Mattheum. 
R.  Gloria  tibi  Domine. 


V.  DAW'mecnoos  vawBEE'skoom 
R.  EHr  KOOM  SPEE-ree-too  TOO^ 

aw. 
V.  Seh'kooEHN'tsee-ah  SAHNK-tee 
Eh'vahn'fEH'lee-ee 
seh'KOON'doom  Maht-THEH-oom. 
R.  GL A W-rec-ah  TEE-bee  DAW-mee- 
neh. 


According    to    Roman     Usage 
OFFERTORY  RESPONSES 


33 


Celebrant:  Dominus  vobiscum. 
R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 


Cel.:   DAW'mee'noos  vawBEE'skoom. 
R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree-too  TOO- 
aw. 


OFFERTORY 


Domine  Jesu  Christe, 
Rex  gloriae,  libera  animas 

omnium  fidelium  defunctorum 

de  poenis  inferni  et  de 

prof  undo  lacu: 

libera  eas  de  ore  leonis, 

ne  absorbeat  eas  tartarus, 

ne  cadant  in  obscurum: 

sed  signifer  sanctus  Michael 

repraesentet  eas  in  lucem  sanctam: 

Quam  olim  Abrahae  promisisti, 

et  semini  ejus. 

V.  Hostias  et  preces  tibi  Domine 

laudis  oiferimus:  tu  suscipe 

pro  animabus  illis,  quarum  hodie 

memoriam  facimus:  fac  eas,  Domine, 

de  morte  transire  ad  vitam. 

(Repeat  QUAM  OLIM  to  ^'ejus") 


DAW-mee-neh  TEH-soo  KREE-steh, 
REHCKS  GLAW-ree-eh,  LEE-beh-rah 

AH-nee'mahs 
AWM'nee-oom  fee'DEH-lee-oom  deh- 

foonk'TAW-room 
DEH    PEH-nees    een-EEHR-nee    EHT 

DEH 
praw'EOON'daw  LAH-koo: 
LEE'beh-rah  EH-ahs  DEH  AW-reh  leh- 

AW'nees, 
HEH  ahb'SAWR'beh-aht  EH -ahs 

TAHR'tah-roos, 
HEH  KAH'dahnt  EEH  awb-SKOO- 

room: 
SEED  SEEN -yee-fehr  SAHNK-toos 

MEE'kah-ehl 
reh'preh'SEHN'teht  EH-ahs  EEH  LOO^ 

chehm  SAHNK-tahm: 
KooAHM  AW'leem  AH-brah-eh  praw 

mec'SEE'Stee, 
EHT  SEH^mee-nee  EH-yoos. 
V.  AW'Stee-ahs  EHT  PREH-chehs 

TEE'bee  DAW-mee-neh 
LAHoo'dees  awf-EEH-ree-moos:   TOO 

SOO'shec'peh 
PRAW  ah  -  nee  -  MAH  -  boos  EEL  -  lees, 

KooAH-room  AW-dee-eh 
meh-MAVV-recahm  EAH-tchee-moos; 

EAHK  EH>ahs,  DAW-mee-neh, 
DEH  MAWR'teh  trahn-SEE-reh  AHD 

VEE'tahm. 
(Repeat  "QUAM  OLIM"  to  "Ejus") 


RESPONSES  TO  THE  PREFACE 

Cel:  Per  omnia  saecula  saeculorum.  Cel.:    PEHR  AWM-nee-ah  SEH-koo- 

lah  seh'koo'LAW-room. 

R.  Amen.  R.  AH^mehn. 

V.  Dominus  vobiscum.  V.  DAW-mee-noos  vawBEE'skoom. 

R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo.  R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE-ree-too  TOO- 

aw. 


34 


The     Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 


V.  Sursum  corda.  V.  SOOR-soom  KAWR-dah. 

R.  Habemus  ad  Dominum.  R.  Ah  -  BEH  -  moos  AHD  DAW  -  mee  - 

noom. 
V.  Gratias  agamus  Domino  Deo  Nostro.     V.  GR  AH '  tsee  -  ahs    ah '  G AH '  moos 

DAWmee-naw  DEH-aw  NAW- 

straw. 
R.  DEE-neeyoom    EHT    TOO-stoom 

EHSr. 


R.  Dignum  et  justum  est. 


Sanctus,  Sanctus,  Sanctus 

Dominus  Deus  Sabaoth. 

Pleni  sunt  coeli  et  terra 

gloria  tua. 
Hosanna  in  excelsis. 


Benedictus  qui  venit 
in  nomine  Domini. 
Hosanna  in  excelsis. 


SANCTUS 

SAHNK'toos,  SAHNK'toos,  SAH^K- 

toos 
DAW '  mee  -  noos  DEH  -  oos  SAH  -  bah- 

awt. 
PLEH-nee  SOOHT  TCHEH-lee  EHT 

TEHR-rah 
GLAW-ree-ah  TOO-ah. 
Aw'SAHTv^-nah  een  eck-SHELL-sees. 

BENEDICTUS 

Beh-neh'DEEK'toos    kooEE    VEH-neet 
£E7s(  NAW-mee-neh  DAW-mee-nee. 
Aw'SAHN-nah  EET^  eck-SHELL-sees. 


RESPONSES  AT  THE  PATER  NOSTER 


Cel.:  Per  omnia  saecula  saeculorum 

R.  Amen. 

V.  Oremus,  etc.  Et  ne  nos  inducas 

in  tentationem. 
R.  Sed  libera  nos  a  malo. 

V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 

R .  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo 

V.  Pax  Domini  sit  semner  vobiscum. 


R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 


Cel:    PEHR  AWM-nee-ah  SEH-koo- 

lah  seh-koo'LAW-room. 
R.  AH-mehn. 
V.  Aw  REH' moos,  etc.    EHT  HEH 

HAWS  een-DOO'kahs 
££7\[  tehn-tah'tsee-AW-nehm. 
R.  SEHD  LEE 'beh' rah  HAWS  AH 

MAH'law. 
V.  DAW'mee-noos  vawBEE'skoom. 
R.  EHTKOOMSPEE-ree-too  TOO-aw 
V.  PAHCKS     DAW-mee-nee     SEET 

SEHM'pehr  vawBEE-skoom. 
R.  EHTKOOMSPEE-ree'tooTOO-aw. 


AGNUS  DEI 


Agnus  Dei,  qui  tollis  peccata  mundi: 

dona  eis  requiem. 

(Repeat  '"'" Agnus"  and  ''dona  eis") 

Agnus  Dei,  qui  tollis  peccata  mundi: 

dona  eis  requiem  *  *  sempiternam. 


AH-neeyoos  DEH^ee,  kooEE  TAWL- 
lees  peck'KAH'tah  MOON'dee: 

DAW-nah  EH-ees  REH-kooee-ehm. 

(Repeat  "Agnus"  and  ''dona  eis.") 

AH-neeyoos  DEH-ee,  kooEE  TAWL- 
lees  peck'KAH'tah  MOON'dee: 

DAW'nah  EH-ees  REH  -  kooee  -  ehm 
sehm-pee-TEHR-nahm . 


According    to     Roman     Usage 


35 


COMMUNION 


Lux  aeterna  luceat  eis,  Domine: 

*Cum  Sanctis  tuis  in  aeternum, 

quia  pius  es. 

V.  Requiem  aeternam  dona 

eis  Domine, 
et  lux  perpetua 


LOOCKS  eh'TEHR-nah  LOO-cheh-aht 
£H'ees,  DAW-mee-neh: 

*KOOM  SAHNK'tees  TOO-ees  EEH 
eh'TEHR-noom, 

K\V££'ah  PEjE'oos  ESS. 

V.  R£H 'kwee-ehm   eh-TEHR-nahm 
DAVV-nah 

EH-ees  DAW-mee-neh, 

£HT  LOOCKS  pehr-PEH'too-ah 
luceat  eis.    (Repeat  ''Cum  Sanctis"  to     LOO-cheh-aht  LH-ees.    (Repeat  "Cum 


''pius  es/') 


Sanctis"  to  "pius  es.") 


RESPONSES 


Ccl.:  Dominus  Vobiscum 

R.  Et  Cum  spiritu  tuo. 

V.  Oremus,  etc. 

V.  Per  omnia  saecula  saeculorum 

R.  Amen. 

V.  Requiescant  in  pace. 

R.  Amen. 


Cel.:   DAW'mee-noos  vaw'BjEL-skoom. 
R.  LHTKOOMSPLL-ree'tooTOO-aw. 
V.  Aw'RLH-moos,  etc. 
V.  PEHR  AWM-nee-ah   SLH-koo-lah 

seh'koo'LA  W'room . 
R.  AH-mehn. 

V.  Reh'kwee-LH'skahnt  een  PAH-cheh. 
R.  AH-mehn. 


ABSOLUTION 


Libera  me,  Domine,  de  morte 

aeterna  in  die  ilia  tremenda; 

Quando  coeli  movendi  sunt 

et  terra:   Dum  veneris  judicare 

saeculum  per  ignem. 

V.  Tremens  factus  sum  ego, 

et  timeo,  dum  discussio  venerit, 

atque  ventura  ira. 

(Repeat  "Quando  coeli"  to  "terra.") 

V.  Dies  ilia,  dies  irae 

calamitatis  et  miseriae, 

dies  magna,  et  amara  valde. 

Dum  veneris  judicare  saeculum 

per  ignem. 


LEE'beh-rah  MEH,  DAW  -  mee  -  neh, 

DEH  MAWR'teh 
eh'TLHR-nah    EEH   DEE-eh    EEL-lah 

treh'MEHN'dah; 
kooAHN'daw  CHEH-lee  maw V£HN' 

dee  SOOHT 
EHT   TEH-rrah:    DOOM   VEH-neh- 

rees  yoo'dee'KAH'reh 
SEH'koo'loom  PEHR  EEH^yehm. 
V.  TREH-mehns  EAHK-toos  SOOM 

EH'gaw 
EHT  TEE-meh-AW,  DOOM  dees- 

KOOS'see-aw  VEH-neh-reet, 
AHT'kooEH  vehn-TOO-rah  EE-rah. 
(Repeat  "Quando  coeli"  to  "terra.") 
V.  DEE-ehs  EEL'lah,  DEE-ehs  EE-reh 
kah-lah-mee-TAH'tees  EHT  mee-SEH- 

rec'ch 
DEE-ehs  MAH-neeyah,  EHT  ah-MAH- 

rah  VAHL'deh. 
DOOM  VEH-neh-rees  yoo-dee-KAH- 

reh  SEH'koo'loom 
PEHR  EEN-yehm. 


36  The    Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 

Requiem  aeternam  dona  eis  Domine; 
et  lux  perpetua  luceat  eis. 
(Repeat  "Libera"  to  "Treme^is.") 


REH-kooee-ehm  eh-TEHR-nahm  DAW- 
nah  £H'ees  DAW'mee'neh: 

EHT  LOOCKS  pehr-PEH-too-ah  LOO^ 
cheh'aht  £H'ees. 

(Repeat  ''Libera"  to  ^'Tremens.'') 


RESPONSES  AFTER  THE  "LIBERA" 
Kyrie  eleison,  Christe  eleison, 


Kyrie  eleison. 

Cel. :  "Pater  noster,"  etc. 

V.  Et  ne  nos  inducas  in  tentationem. 

R.  Sed  libera  nos  a  malo. 

V.  A  porta  inferi. 
R.  Erue  Domine  animam  ejus 
(or  "animas  eorum"). 

V.  Requiescat  in  pace.  R.  Amen. 

V.  Domine  exaudi  orationem  meam. 

R.  Et  clamor  meus  ad  te  veniat. 

V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 

R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 

V.  Oremus,  etc. 

V.  Per  Christum  Dominum  nostrum. 

R.  Amen. 


KEE-ree-eh   eh-LEH-ee-sawn,   CHREE' 

steh  eh'LEH'ec'sawn, 
KEE'reh'eh  eh'LEH'ce'sawn. 
Cel:  PAH'tehr  NAW-stehr,  etc. 
V.  EHT  7\[£H  NAWS  een-DOO-kahs 

EEKl  ten-tah'tsee-AV/'nehm. 
R.  SEED  LEE'beh-rah  NAWS  AH 

MAH'law. 
V.  AH  PAWR'tah  EEN'felvree. 
R.  EH-roo-eh  DAW-mee-neh  AH-nee- 

mahm    EH'ceoos    (or    "AH-nee' 
mahs  eh'AW'room"'"'). 
V.  Reh'kwee-EH'skaht  een  PAH-cheh. 
R.  AH-mehn. 
V.  DAW'mee'neh    egs-AHoo-dee    aw 

rah'tsee'AW-nehm  MEH'ahm. 
R.  EHT  KLAH-mawr  MEH-oos  AHD 

TEH  VEH-nee-aht. 
V.  DAW-mee-noos  vaw-BEE-skoom. 
R.  EHT  koom  SPEE-ree-too  TOO-aw. 
V.  Aw'REH-moos,  etc. 
V.  PEHR  KREE  -  stoom  DAW  -  mee- 

noom  NAW'Stroom. 
R.  AH-mehn. 


BENEDICTUS 


Cel.:  Ego  sum. 

Choir:  Benedictus  Dominus  Deus  Israel: 

quia  visitavit,  et  fecit 

redemptionem  suae. 
2 — Et  erexit  cornu  salutis  nobis: 

in  domo  David  pueri  sui. 

3 — Sicut  locutus  est  per  os  sanctorum; 

quia  saeculo  sunt, 
prophetarum  ejus: 


Cel:  EH-aawSOOM. 
Choir:    Beh-neh-DEEK-toos  DAW- 
mecnoos  DEH'Oos  EE'srah'chl: 
kooEE-ah  vee'see-TAH-veet,  EHT 

EEH'cheet 
reh'dehmp'tsec'AW'nehm  SOO-eh. 
2— EHT  eh 'REHCK' sect  KAWR- 
nooh  sah'LOO'tees  7\[AW'bees: 
EEK   DAW-maw   DAH-veed 
POOH-eh-ree  SOO^ee. 
3— SEE' koot  law'KOO'toos  EHST 
PEHR  AWS  sahnk'TAW-room: 
kooEE-ah   SEH'koo'law   SOOKT, 
prawfeh'TAH-room  EH'ceoos. 


According    to 
4 — Salutem  ex  inimicis  nostris, 

et  de  manu  omnium  qui  oderunt  nos 

5 — Ad  faciendam  misericordiam 
cum  patribus  nostris; 
et  memorari  testament!  sui  sancti. 

6 — Jusjurandum,  quod  juravit 

ad  Abraham  patrem  nostrum, 

daturum  se  nobis. 
7 — Ut  sine  timore, 

de  manu  inimicorum 

nostrorum  liberati, 

serviamus  illi. 
8 — In  sanctitate  et  justitia 


coram  ipso, 

omnibus  diebus  nostris. 


9 — Et  tu  puer,  propheta 

Altissimi  vocaberis; 

praeibis  enim  ante  faciem 

Domini  parare  vias  ejus, 
10 — Ad  dandam  scientiam 

salutis  plebi  ejus; 

in  remissionem  peccatorum  eorum: 

11 — Per  viscera  misericordiae  Dei 

nostri: 

in  quibus  visitavit  nos, 

oriens  ex  alto. 


Roman     Usage 


37 


4— Sah'LOO'tehm  ECKS  ee-nee-MEE- 
tehees  T^AW'Strees, 
EHT  DEH  MAH-noo  AWM-nee- 
oom  KWEE  awDEH^roont 
NAWS 

5 — AHD  fah' tehee 'EH7\['dahm  mee- 
seh'ree-KAWR'dee'ahm 
KOOM  PAH'tree-boos  NAW- 

strees; 
EHT  me-maw'RAH'ree  teh-stah' 
MEHN'tee  SOO^ee  SAHNK- 
tee. 

6— Yoos-yoo'RAHN'doom,  KooAVVD 

Yoo'RAH'veet 
AHD  AH'brah-ahm  PAH-trehm 

7s[AWS'troom, 
dah'TOO-room  SEH  NAW-bees. 
7_00T    SEE -neh    tee-MAW-reh, 

DEH  MAH-noo  ecnee-mee' 

KAW-room 
naw'STRAVV-room  lee-beh-RAH- 

tee, 
Sehr'vee'AH-moos  EEL-lee. 
8— EEN  sahnk'tee-TAH'teh  EHT 

yoos'TEE'tsecah 
KAW-rahm  EEP-saw, 
AWM' nee 'boos    dee -EH -boos 

NAW'Strees. 
9— EHT  rOO  POO-ehr,  prawEEH- 

tah 
Ahl'TEES'see-mee   vawKAH-beh- 

rees; 
preh'EE'bees  EH -neem  AHA['teh 

EAH-checehm 
DAW-mee-nee  pah-RAH-reh  VEE^ 

ahs  EH-yoos. 
10— AHD  DAHN'dahm  shee-EHN' 

tsee-ahm 
sah'LOO'tees  PLEH-hee  EH-eeoos; 
EEKl  reh-mees'see'AW'nehm  pehk- 

kah'TAW-room  eh-AW-room: 
11— PEHR  VEE'sheh-rah  mee-seh-ree- 

CAWR'dee-eh  DEH^ee 
NAW'Stree: 
EEJi  kooEE'boos  vee'see'TAH-veet 

1<[A\VS 
AW-ree-ehns  ECKS  AHL-taw. 


38  The    Correct    Pron 

12 — Illuminare  his,  qui  in  tenebris, 

et  in  umbra  mortis  sedent: 

ad  dirigendos  pedes  nostros  in  viam 

pads. 
13 — Requiem  aeternam 
dona  eis  (ei)  Domine. 


14 — Et  lux  perpetua, 
luceat  eis  (ei). 


Ego  sum  resurrectio 
et  vita:  qui  credit  in  me, 


UNCIATION      OF      LaTIN 

12— EeMoo-mee-NAH-reh  EES,  KWEE 
EEKi  TEH-neh'brees 
EUr  EEH  OOM'brah  MAWR- 

tees  SEH'dehnt: 
AHD  dee-ree-JEN-daws  PEH-dehs 
NAWS'traws    EEN    VEE-ahm 
PAH'chees. 
13— REH'kooee-ehm  eh'TEHR-nahm 
Dawnah  EH-ees   (Eh-ee)   DAW- 
mec'neh. 
14— EHT  LOOCKS  pehr-PEH-too-ah 
LOO'cheh-aht  EH-ees  (EH^ee). 


ANTIPHON  — EGO  SUM 


etiam  si  mortuus  fuerit,  vivet: 

et  omnis  qui  vivit  et  credit 

in  me,  non  morietur  in  aeternum. 


EH'gaw  SOOM  reh-soo-RRECK-tsee-aw 
EHT  VEE'tah:  kooEE  KREH-deet  EE7\[ 

MEH, 
EH 'tsee-ahm    SEE   MAWR  -  too  -  oos 

EOO-eh-reet,  VEE-veht: 
EHT  AWM-nees  kooEE  VEE  -  veet 

EHT  KREH'deet 
EEH  MEH,  HAWrM  mawree-EH'toor 

EE7i  eh'TEHR-noom. 


RESPONSES 


Cel.:  Kyrie  eleison 
Chon:  Christe  eleison 

Kyrie  eleison. 
Cel.:  Pater  noster,  etc. 

Et  ne  nos  inducas  in  tentationem. 

Ch.:  Sed  libera  nos  a  malo. 

V.  A  porta  inferi 

R.  Erue,  Domine,  animam  ejus. 

V.  Requiescat  in  pace.  R.  Amen. 

V.  Domine  exaudi  orationem  meam. 

R.  Et  clamor  meus  ad  te  veniat. 

V.  Dominus  vobiscum. 
R.  Et  cum  spiritu  tuo. 
V.  Oremus  —  Per  Christum  Dominum 
nostrum. 


Cel.:  KEE'ree-eh  eh'LEH'ee-sawn. 
Choir:  KREE-steh  eh-LEH-ee-sawn. 

KEE-ree-eh  eh-LEH-ee-sawn. 
Cel.:  PAH'tehr  NAW'Stehr,  etc. 

ET  HEH   NAWS   een-DOO'cahs 
EEJ\l  ten-tah'tsee-AW-nehm. 
Ch.:   SEED  LEE'beh-rah  HAWS  AH 

MAH'law. 
V.  AH  PAWR'tah  EEN'feh-ree. 
R.  EH-roo-eh,  DAW-mee-neh,  AH-nee- 

mahm  EH^yoos. 
V.  Reh'kooee- EH 'skaht  EE7<[  PAH- 

cheh.   R.  AH'mehn. 
V.  DAW-mee-neh    eg-SAHoo-dee    aw' 

rah'tsee-AW'nehm  MEH-ahm. 
R.  EUr  KLAH-mawr  MEH-oos  AHD 

TEH  VEH-nee-aht. 
V.  DAW'mee-noos  vaw-BEES-koom. 
R.  EHT  KOOM  SPEE'ree-tooTOO-aw. 
V.  aw'REH-moos  —  PEER  KREE- 

stoom    DAW'mee-noom    J^AW- 

stroom . 


According    to    Roman    Usage 


39 


R.  Amen.    V.  Requiem  aeternam  dona     R.  AH-mehn.    V.    REH-kooee'ehm  eh' 

TEHR-nahm  DAW-nah  EH^ee 
DAW'mee'neh. 
R.  EHT  LOOCKS  pehr  -  P£H  -  too  -  ah 


ei  Domine 
R.  Et  lux  perpetua  luceat  ei. 
Chanters:  Requiescat  in  pace 


Choir:  Amen. 

Cel.:  Anima  ejus  et  animae 

omnium  fidelium  defunctorum 

per  misericordiam  Dei  requiescant 

in  pace.   R.  Amen. 


LOO'cheh-aht  EH-ee. 
Chanters:    Reh  -  kooee  -  EH  -  skaht  ££7\[ 

PAH'cheh 
Choir:  AH'mehn. 

Cel.:   AH-nee-mah  EH-yoos  EHT  AH- 
nee-meh 
AWM'nee'Oom    fee 'D£H' lee 'oom 

deh'foonk'TAW'room 
PEHR  mee'seh-ree'CAWR-dee-ahm 
DEH-ee-reh-kooee'EH'skahnt 
EEK  PAH'cheh.  R.  AH-mehn. 


IN  PARADISUM 


In  paradisum  deducant  te  Angeli; 
In  tuo  adventu  suscipiant  te 
Martyres,  et  perducant  te  in 
civitatem  sanctam  Jerusalem. 
Chorus  Angelorum  te  suscipiat,  et 
cum  Laziaro  quondam  paupere  aeternam 
habeas  requiem. 


EEn  pah-rah'DEE'Soom  deh-DOO-kahnt 

TEH  AHNieh'lee; 
EEH  TOO -aw  ahd-VEHN'too  soo- 

SHEE'pee-ahnt  TEH 
MAHR'tee-rehs,  EHT  pehr-DOO-kahnt 

TEH  EEH 
Chee-vee-TAH'tehm   SAHNK-tahm 

Yeh'ROO'sah'lehm. 
KAW-roos  ahn-jeh' LAW -room  TEH 

soo'SHEE'pee-aht,  EHT 
KOOM  LAH'dzah-raw  kooAWN' 

dahm  PAHoo-peh-reh  eh-TEHR-nahm 
AH'beh-ahs  REH-kooecehm. 


CHAPTER  VI 

Jienebiction  ||pmnsi 

O  SALUTARIS  HOSTIA 


O  Salutaris  Hostia 
Quae  coeli  pandis  ostium, 

Bella  premunt  hostiha. 

Da  robur,  fer  auxihum. 


AW  sah'loo'TAH-rees  AW-stee-ah, 
KooEH  CHEHAee  PAHN'dees  AW- 

stec'oom, 
BEHL'lah   PREH-moont   awSTEE-lee- 

ah. 
DAH  RAW'boor,  FEHR  ahoo-XEE- 

lee-oom. 


40  The     Correct     Pronunciatiox     of     Latin 

Uni  trinoque  Domino  00 -nee  tree-TsJAW-kweh  DAW-mee- 

Sit  sempiterna  gloria, 

Qui  vitam  sine  termino 


naw 


SEET  sehm-pee-TEHR'nah  CLAW- 

ree^ah, 
Koo££    VEE'tahm    SE&neh    TEHR- 

mee'naw 
Nobis  donet  in  patria.  Amen.  NAW- bees   DAW-neht   EEN   PAH- 

tree'ah.  AH-mehn. 


Adoro  te  devote,  latens  Deitas, 
Quae  sub  his  figuris  vere  latitas: 
Tibi  se  cor  menm  totum  subjicit, 
Quia  te  contemplans  totum  deficit. 

Visus,  tactus,  gustus  in  te  fallitur 
Sed  auditu  solo  tuto  creditur: 
Credo  quidquid  dixit  Dei  Filius: 
Nil  hoc  verbo  veritatis  verius. 
Jesu,  quem  velatum  nunc  adspicio, 
Oro  fiat  illud  quod  tarn  sitio: 
Ut  te  revelata  cernens  facie, 
Visu  sim  beatus  tuae  gloriae.  Amen 


ADORO  TE  DEVOTE 

Ah'DAW-raw  TEH  deh-VAW-teh, 

LAH'tehns  DEH-ee-tahs, 
KooEH  SOOB  EES  fee-GOO-rees  VEH- 

reh  L AH'tee-tahs : 
TEE'bee  SEH  CAWR  MEH-oom 

TAW'toom  SOOB-yee-cheet, 
KooE£'ah    rEH    kawn-TEHM-plahns 

TAW'toom  DEH'fee-cheet. 


VEE '  soos,  TAHK  -  toos,  GOO  -  stoos 

EEJi  TEH  FAHL'lee-toor 
SEHD  ahoo'DEE'too  SAW-law  TOO^ 

taw  CREH'dee-toor: 
CREH'daw  kooEED'kooeed  DEECKS^ 

eet  DEH-ee  EEE-lee-oos: 
HEEL  AWK  VEHR 'baw  veh  -  ree - 

TAH'tees  VEH-ree-oos. 
TEH'Soo  kooEHM  veh  -  LAH  -  toom 

HOOHK  ahd'SPEE'chee-aw, 
AW-raw  EEE-aht  EEL-lood  kooAWD 

TAHM  SEE't^ee-aw: 
OOr  TEH  reh'veh'LAH'tah  CHEHR^ 

nehns  EAH-tchec'eh, 
VEE'soo  SEEM  beh-AH-toos  TOO-eh 

GL A W-ree-eh.   AH-mehn. 


PANGE  LINGUA— TANTUM  ERGO 

1 — Pange  lingua  gloriosi 


Corporis  mysterium, 
Sanguinisque  pretiosi, 
Quem  in  mundi  pretium 
Fructus  ventris  generosi 
Rex  efFudit  gentium. 


1 — PAHT^^'jeh  LEE]\( 'gooah  glawrec 
AW'see 
CAWR' paw  rees    mec'STEH'ree' 

oom, 
Sahn-gooec'TsJEE'skooeh   preh'tsec' 
AW'see, 
KooEHM    EEn.    MOON'dee    PREH- 
tsee'oom 
EROOK'toos  VEHN'trees  jeh-neh- 
RAW'see 
REHCKS  ehf'EOO'deet  JEHN'tsee- 
oom. 


According    to    Roman    Usage 
2 — Nobis  datus,  nobis  natus 


41 


Ex  intacta  Virgine, 
Et  in  mundo  conversatus, 
Sparse  verbi  semine, 
Sui  moras  incolatus 
Miro  clausit  or  dine. 

3 — In  supremae  nocte  coenae 

Recumbens  cum  fratribus, 

Observata  lege  plene 

Cibis  in  legalibus, 

Cibum  turbae  duodenae 

Se  dat  suis  manibus. 
4 — Verbum  caro,  panem  verum 

Verbo  carnem  efficit: 

Fitque  sanguis  Christi  merum, 

Et  si  sensus  deficit, 

Ad  firmandum  cor  sincerum 

Sola  fides  sufficit. 


2— NAW'bees  DAH-toos,  NAW-bees 

NAH'toos 
ECKS  een-TAHK'tah  VEER-gee- 

neh, 
EHT  EE7<i  MOON'daw  cawn-vehr- 

SAH'toos, 
SPAHR'saw  VEHR-bee  SEH-mee- 

neh, 
SOO^ee  MAVV-rahs  een-cawLAH- 

toos 
MEE-raw  KLAHoo-seet  AWR-dee- 

neh. 

3— EEN  soo'PREH-meh  NAWK-teh 

TCHEH-neh 
REH'koom-behns  KOOM  ERAH- 

trec'boos 
AWB'sehr-VAH'tah    LEH-jeh 

PLEH-neh 
TCHEE'bees  EEH  leh-GAH-lee- 

boos, 
TCHEE'boom  TOOR-beh  doo-aw 

DEH-neh 
SEH  DAHT  SOO-ees  MAH-nee- 

boos 
4— VEHR'boom  KAH-raw,  PAH-nehm 

VEH-room 
VEHR'baw  KAHR-nehm  EHE-fee- 

cheet: 
EEET'kooeh  SAHN'gooees  KREE^ 

stee  MEH'room, 
EHT  SEE  SEHN'Soos  DEH-fee- 

cheet 
AHD   feer-MAHN'doom   KAWR 

seen-TCHEH-room 
SAW'lah  EEE'dehs  SOOE-fee-cheet. 


TANTUM  ERGO 


5 — Tantum  Ergo  Sacramentum 
Veneremur  cernui: 
Et  antiquum  documentum 
Novo  cedat  ritui: 
Praestet  fides  supplementum 
Sensuum  defectui. 


5 — TAH7s[ '  toom  EHR  -  gaw  sah  -  krah' 

MEH7\['toom 
Veh-neh-REH-moor  TCHEHR-noo- 

ee: 
EHT  ahn-TEE'koo-oom  dawkoo- 

MEHN'toom 
NAW'vaw  TCHEH'daht  REE-too- 

ee: 
PREH'Steht    EEE -dehs    soo-pleh- 

MEHN'toom 
SEHN'Soo'Oohm  deh-EECK-too^ee. 


42  The     Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 

6 — Genitori,  Genitoque 


Laus  et  jubilatio, 

Salus,  honor,  virtus  quoque 

Sit  et  benedictio: 
Procedenti  ab  utroque 

Compar  sit  laudatio.  Amen. 


6— Jeh-nee-TAW-ree,  Jeh-nee-TAW- 

kooeh 
LAHoos    EHT    yoo-bee-LAH'tsee' 

aw, 
SAH'loos,  AW-nawr,  VEER^toos 

kooAW'kooeh 
SEET  EHT  beh-neh-DEEK'tsee-aw: 
Praw'tcheh'DEH7\['tee   AHB  oo- 

TRAW'kooeh 
KAWM'pahr   SEET   lahoo-DAH-tsee-- 

aw.  AH-mehn. 


V.  PAH-nehm  deh  TCHEH-law  preh- 
stee-TEE'Stee  EH-ees. 
(T.  P.  AhMeh'LOO-eeah.) 
R.  Omne  delectamentum  in  se  habentem.     R.  AWM  •-  neh  deh '  leek  -  tah '  MEH?\[ ' 


V.  Panem  de  coelo  praestitisti  eis. 
(T.  P.  Alleluia.) 


(T.  P.  Alleluia.) 


toom  EEK[  SEE  ah-BEHTv^-tehm. 
(T.  P.  AhMeh'LOO-eeah.) 


PANIS  ANGELICUS 
Panis  Angelicus  fit  panis  hominum; 
Dat  panis  coelicus  figuris  terminum: 
O  res  mirabilis!  manducat  Dominum 
Pauper,  servus,  et  humilis. 


PAH-nees  Ahn  -  JEH  -  lee  -  koos  FEET 

PAH-nees  AW'mee-noom; 
DAHT  PAH-nees  TCHEH-lee-koos  fee- 

GOO-rees  TEHR'niee-noom 
AW  REHS  mee-RAH-bee-lees!  mahn- 

DOO'kaht  DAW-mee-noom 
PAHoo  '  pehr,  SEHR  -  voos  EHT  00^ 

mee'lees. 


Te  trina  Deitas  unaque  poscimus, 
Sic  nos  tu  visita,  sicut  te  colimus: 
Per  tuas  semitas  due  nos  quo  tendimus, 
Ad  lucem  quam  inhabitas.  Amen. 


TEH  TREE-nah  DEH-ee-tahs  OO-nah- 

kooeh  PAW'shee'moos, 
SEEK  HAWS  TOO  VEE-see-tah,  SEE^ 

koot  TEH  KAW'lee-moos: 
PEHR  TOO^ahs  SEH-mee-tahs  DOOK 

HAWS  KooAW  TEHN^dee-moos, 
AHD  LOO'chehm  kooAHM  een-AH- 

bee-tahs.   AH'mehn. 


AVE  VERUM  CORPUS 


Ave  verum  Corpus  natum 

de  Maria  Virgine: 

Vere  passum,  immolatum  in 


AH'veh  VEH-room  KAWR-poos 

7\[AH'toom 
DEH  Mah'REE-ah  VEER-gee-neh: 
VEH-reh  PAHS-soom,  eem-mawLAH- 

toom  EEK 


According    to    iIoman    Usage 


43 


cruce  pro  homine: 
Ci'ijus  latus  perforatum 

fluxit  aqua  et  sanguine: 

Esto  nobis  praegustatum 
mortis  in  examine. 

O  Jesu  dulcis!  O  Jesu  pie! 
O  Jesu  fili  Mariae. 

ADOREMUS  IN  AETERNUM 
Adoremus  in  aeternum 
Sanctissimum  Sacramentum. 


KROO'tcheh  PRAW  AW-mee  neh: 
KOO-yoos    LAH'toos    pehr-fawRAH- 

toom 

FLOOCK'Stet  AH-kooah  EHT  SAHN' 

gooee^neh: 
EH'Staw  7s[AW'bees  preh-goo-STAH' 
toom    MAWR'tees    EEH    egs-AH- 
mee'neh. 
AW  TEH '  soo  DOOL  -  chees!    AW 

TEH'Soo  PEE-eh! 
Aw  TEH'Soo  FEE'lee  Mah-REE-eh. 

AND  LAUDATE  DOMINUM 

Ah '  daw '  REH '  moos  EEN  eh  -  TEHR- 

noom 
Sahnk' TEES' see -moom    Sah  -  krah - 

MEHN'toom. 


Laudate  Dominum  omnes  gentes: 

Laudate  eum  omnes  populi. 

Quoniam  confirmata 
est  super  nos 
misericordia  ejus: 
Et  Veritas  Domini 
manet  in  aeternum. 
Gloria  Patri,  et  Fiho: 

et  Spiritui  Sancto. 
Sicut  erat  in  principio, 


Lahoo  '  DAH  -  teh  DAW  -  mee  -  noom 

AW-mnehs  JEHN'tehs: 
Lahoo'DAH'teh    EH-oom    AWM-nehs 

PAW'poo'lee. 
KooAW-nee-ahm  kawn-feer-MAH-tah 

EHST  SOO'pehr  HAWS  mee-seh- 

ree-KAWR'dee-ah  EH-yoos: 
EHT  VEH  '  ree  -  tahs  DAW  -  mee  -  nee 

MAH-neht  EE7<[  eh-TEHR-noom. 
GLAW-ree-ah  PAH-tree  EHT  EEE-lee- 


aw: 
EHT  Spee-REE'too-ee  SAHNK-taw, 
SEE'koot  EH-raht  EEH  preen-CHEE- 

pee-aw, 
EHT  HOOHK  EHT  SEHM-pehr, 
EHT  EEH  SEH'koo'lah  Seh-koo-LAW- 

room.    AH-mehn. 

Note:    The  "Adoremus  in  aeternum,"  etc.,  can  be  repeated  at  the  end  of  Psalm  and  also  inserted  before 
the  "Gloria  Patri"  if  desired. 

ANTIPHONS  IN  HONOR  OF  THE  BLESSED  VIRGIN 

AVE  MARIA 


et  nunc,  et  semper, 

et  in  saecula  saeculorum.  Amen. 


Ave  Maria,  gratia  plena: 
Dominus  tecum,  benedicta  tu 


AH'veh    Mah'REE-ah,    GRAH-tsee-ah 

PLEH-nah: 
DAW'mee-noos   TEH'koom,   beh'ueh' 

DEEK'tah  rOO 


44  The     Correct    Pronunciation    of    Latin 

in  mulieribus,  et  benedictus  ££7^    moo'lee'EH'ree-boos,    EHT   beh' 

neh'D££K'toos 
fructus  ventris  tui,  Jesus.  FROOK  -  toos  VEHT^  -  trees  TOO  '  ee, 

TEH'Soos. 
Sancta  Maria,  Mater  Dei,  SAH'HK^ah  Mah-REE-ah,  MAH-tehr 

DEH^ee, 
ora  pro  nobis  peccatoribus,  AW-rah  PRAW  7s(AVV'bees  pehk-kah- 

TAW-ree-boos, 
nunc,  et  in  hora  mortis  nostrae.   Amen.     7<[007<IK,     EHT    ££7\[    AW  -  rah 

MAWR'tees  NAW-streh.  AH-mehn. 


ALMA  REDEMPTORIS  MATER 


Alma  Redemptoris  Mater, 
quae  pervia  coeli  porta  manes, 
Et  Stella  maris,  succurre  cadenti, 
suigere,  qui  curat  populo: 
Tu  quae  genuisti,  natura  mirante, 
tuum  sanctum  Genitorem: 
Virgo  prius  ac  posterius, 
Gabrielis  ab  ore  sumens  illud  Ave, 
peccatorum  miserere. 


AHL-mah  reh-dehmp-TAW-rees  MAH- 
tehr, 

KooEH    PEHR'vee- ah    CHEHAee 

PAWR'tah  MAH-nehs, 
EHT  STEHL'lah  MAH-rees,  soo- 

KKOO-rreh  kah-DEHN'tee, 
SOOR'jeh-reh  kooEE  KOO-raht  PAW- 

poo'law: 

TOO  kooEH  jeh-noo'EE'Stee,  nah-TOO- 

rah  mee-RAHN'teh, 
TOO  '  oom   SAHA[K '  toom   jeh  '  nee ' 

TAW-rehm: 

VEER 'gaw    PREE 'oos    AHK    paw 

STEH'ree-oos, 
Gah'bree'EH'lees    AHB    AW-reh 

SOO-mehns  EEL-lood  AH-veh, 
peck'kah'TAW'room  mee-seh'REH-reh. 


AVE  REGINA  COELORUM 


Ave  Regi'na  coelorum, 
Ave  Domina  Angelorum: 

Salve  radix,  salve  porta, 

Ex  qua  mundo  lux  est  orta. 

Gaude  Virgo  gloriosa. 

Super  omnes  speciosa: 


AH'veh  reh'JEE-nah  cheh-LAW-room 
AH'veh  DAW-mee-nah  ahn-jeh-LAW- 

room: 
SAHL'veh  RAH-deecks,  SAHL-veh 

PAWR'tah, 
ECKS  kooAH  MOON'daw  LOOCKS 

EHST  AWR'tah. 
GAHoo'deh  \^EER'gaw  glawree  AW- 

sah, 
SOO'pehr  AWM-ness  speh-chee-AW- 

sah: 


According    to    Roman    Usage 
Vale,  o  valde  decora, 

Et  pro  nobis  Christum  exora. 


45 


VAH'leh,  AW  VAHL'deh  deh-CAW- 
rah, 

EUr    PRAW    NAW'bees    KREE- 
stoom  eg'SAW'rah. 


REGINA  COELI 


Regi'na  coeH  laetare,  alleluia: 
Quia  quern  meruisti  portare,  alleluia, 
Resurrexit,  sicut  dixit,  alleluia: 
Ora  pro  nobis  Deum,  alleluia. 


Reh'JEE-nah    CHEH-lee    leh-TAH-reh 
ahHeh'LOO-eeah: 

Koo££'ah   kooEHM   meh-roo-EE-stee 
pawr-TAH-reh,  ahl-leh-LOO-eeah: 

Reh'Soor'RECK'seet,    SEE-koot 
DEECK'seet  ahMeh-LOO-eeah: 

AW-rah  praw  7S[AW'bees  DEH-oom, 
ahMeh'LOO-eeah. 


SALVE  REGINA 


Salve,  Regina,  mater  misericordiae: 
Vita,  dulcedo,  et  spes  nostra,  salve. 
Ad  te  clamamus,  exsules,  filii  Hevae. 
At  te  suspiramus,  gementes  et  flentes 
in  hac  lacrimarum  valle. 
Eia  ergo,  Advocata  nostra,  illos  tuos 
misericordes  oculos  ad  nos  converte. 


Et  Jesum,  benedictum  fructum  ventris 
tui, 

nobis  post  hoc  exsilium  ostende. 

O  clemens:  O  pia:  O  dulcis  Virgo  Maria. 


SAHL'veh  Reh-JEE-nah  MAH-tehr 
Mee-seh-ree-CA  WR'dee-eh : 

VEE 'tah,  dool'TCHEH'daw,  EUr 
SPEHS  NAW'Strah  SAHL-veh. 

AHD  TEH  clah'MAH-moos,  ECK-soo- 
lehs,  EEE'lee-ee  EH-veh. 

AHD  TEH  soo'spee-RAH-moos,  jeh- 
MEHN'tehs  EHT  ELEHN'tehs 

EEK  AHCK  lah-kree-MAH-room 
VAHL'leh. 

EH-eeah  EHR-gaw,  Ahd-vawKAH-tah 
NAW'Strah,  EEL-laws  TOO-aws 

mee'seh-ree-CAWR'dehs  AW-kocK 
lawss  AHD  HAWS  kawn-VEHR- 
teh. 

EHT  TEH'Soom  beh-neh-DEEK-toom 
EROOK'toom  VEHN'trees  TOO^ee, 

NAW'bees  PAWST  AWK  eck-SEE- 
lee'oom  avv^-STEHN'deh. 

AW  KLEH-mehns,  AW  PEE-ah,  AW 
DOOL'chees  VEER-gaw  mah-REE- 
ah. 


46 


APPENDIX 


Some  Practical  Suggestions  For  Reciting 
The  Office  Well 


By  O.  S.  U. 


In  order  to  recite  the  Office  well,  a  good 
pronunciation  is  above  all  necessary,  for  it  is 
the  only  means  of  attaining  a  harmonious 
whole.  And  for  this  there  must  be : 

(1)  Purity  of  tone;  (2)  Uniformity  in  pro- 
nunciation and  in  time,  neither  hurrying  nor 
dragging;  (3)  Uniformity  in  ceremonies:  ris- 
ing, sitting  down,  bowing  all  together;  this 
alone  is  a  great  help  to  all  the  rest. 

A  good  pronunciation  is  arrived  at  by  the 
following  means: 

Equality  of  the  syllables.  In  Latin  all  the 
syllables  have  about  the  same  value  (time)  in 
recitation  as  well  as  in  singing.  They  should, 
therefore,  all  be  pronounced  distinctly,  without 
either  hurrying  or  dragging.  When  two  vowels 
occur  together  in  a  word  they  must  be  pro- 
nounced separately   (ho^-di^-e^,  not  ho^-die-). 

Accentuation.  Uniformity  of  pace,  once  es- 
tablished, we  must  watch  carefully  over  our 
accentuation,  which  consists  of  a  light  and 
rapid  stress  on  the  accented  syllable,  without 
however  delaying  on  it.  Raise  the  accented 
syllabic,  do  not  crush  it.  It  must  not  be  a 
sudden  jerk,  but  a  little  push  forward,  slightly 
crescendo  and  rendered  more  noticeable  by  the 
softening  of  the  unaccented  syllables  which 
follow.  The  accent  must  not  be  regarded  as 
anything  forced,  but  as  a  slight  raising  of  the 
voice.  It  will  then  be  a  real  outburst  of  the 
soul,  a  veritable  song;  thus  keeping  something 
of  its  primitive  nature,  and  giving  life  to  the 
recitation  or  the  singing. 

Good  accentuation  will  also  facilitate  uni- 
formity, by  marking  out  certain  accented  syl- 
lables which  by  their  frequent  recurrence  will 
serve  as  landmarks,  to  keep  the  harmony  of 
movement. 

In  Latin  the  accent  is  never  on  the  last  syl- 
lable. It  falls  on  the  first  in  words  of  two 
syllables,  and  on  the  syllable  marked  with  an 
accent  in  words  of  more  than  two  syllables. 
In  psalmody,  whether  recited  or  sung,  the  ac- 
cents are  not  all  equal.  The  most  perfect  way 
is  to  begin  in  such  a  manner  that  the  strongest 
accent  is  the  last  one  before  the  mediant  or 
in  cadences  with  two  accents,  the  last  two;  i.e., 


Crescendo,  and  then  to  go  on  from  there  de' 
crescendo  to  the  end  of  the  verse. 

These  delicate  shades  of  sound,  though  more 
noticeable  in  singing,  can  be  made  in  simple 
recitation.  We  should  at  least  tend  towards 
their  realisation  in  order  to  get  a  recitation 
with  some  life  in  it  and  not  too  monotonous. 

In  the  hymns  the  pace  should  be  a  little 
quicker  and  care  must  be  taken  to  observe  the 
metrical  accent  which,  in  the  hymns  of  the 
Little  Office,  consists  of  a  noticeable,  but  not 
exaggerated,  prolongation  of  the  last  accented 
syllable  in  each  line. 

Tliis  prolongation  is  made  also,  but  less 
markedly  (without  doubling  the  value)  on  the 
last  accented  syllable  before  the  asterisk  * 
which  marks  the  mediant  in  the  Psalms.  The 
prolongation  of  the  metrical  accent  necessarily 
affects  the  last  syllables  of  the  verse.  It  is  not 
so  much  a  stress  as  a  very  slight  slowing  down 
of  the  time;  that  is  to  say,  it  should  not  give 
the  idea  of  a  pause  or  a  stop. 

Of  the  Rhythm 

Rhythm  is  the  regulation  of  movement;  and 
movement  includes  action  motion  and  rest. 

(Do  not  confuse  rest  and  rests.  You  rest  on 
your  right  foot  while  you  swing  the  left  leg 
forward  in  order  to  make  a  step  in  advance; 
and  then  you  rest  on  your  left  foot  in  order 
to  swing  the  right  leg  forward  for  the  same 
purpose.  But  you  are  walking  all  the  time, 
not  reposing.) 

Rests  in  music  are  signs  for  silence. 

Practical  Remarks 

One  thing  above  all  necessary,  is  the  choice 
of  a  tone  which  best  suits  the  Choir.  It  will 
depend  on  the  nature  of  the  voices  and  will 
be  the  one  most  suitable  to  the  majority.  It 
should  be  neither  too  high  nor  too  low,  but 
rather  higher  than  lower,  if  the  tone  is  to  be 
kept  up  well  all  through  the  OfRce.  This  of 
course  necessitates  sustained  effort,  without 
which  nothing  can  be  done.  The  time,  or  pace, 
neither  too  slow  nor  hurried,  should  be  given 
out  clearly  and  firmly  at  the  "Deus  in  adju- 
torium."   This  versiclc  must  be  recited  or  sung 


47 


without  pauses  or  rests,  but  simply  with  the 
mora  vocis,  or  sUght  ritardando  and  diminu' 
endo.  A  very  ordinary  fault,  which  must 
be  avoided,  is  cutting  it  up  into  parts.  The 
Invitatory  should  be  said  at  a  slightly  quicker 
pace,  but  calmly  and  without  hurry.  Mark  the 
great  pause  well  from  the  very  beginning,  that 
the  Choir  may  take  up  without  hesitation;  the 
verses  of  the  Psalms  must  be  well  accented  and 
the  rhythm  well  marked. 

The  Hymns  should  move  at  a  brisk  pace, 
with  due  regard  to  the  influence  of  the  metrical 
accent. 

The  Antiphoyis  must  be  recited  in  perfect 
concord,  paying  attention  to  the  different 
pauses. 

In  the  Psalms  care  must  be  taken  to  keep 
up  the  pitch,  avoiding  taking  up  the  first  syl' 
lable  after  the  mediant,  and  the  first  one  of 
the  next  verse  on  a  lower  pitch. 

Endeavor  to  give  some  life  to  the  psalmody 
by  good  accentuation,  graduated  according  to 
the  rules  already  given. 

The  versicles  are  always  recited  or  sung  in 
one  breath;  avoid  splitting  them  up,  a  very 
ordinary  fault. 

The  Lessons  must  be  read  or  sung  calmly, 
with  a  very  distinct  pronunciation  and  perfect 
accentuation,  noticing  all  the  pauses  marked, 
and  ma\ing  them;  so  that  everyone  may  be 
able  to  follow  without  even  looking  at  the 
book. 

The  Responses  are  made  up  of  two  parts: 
(a)  the  body  of  the  Response;  (b)  the  versicle. 
The  body  of  the  Response  is  again  divided  by 
an  asterisk,  which  demands  a  great  pause  of 
two  beats.  For  the  versicles,  keep  to  the  pauses 
indicated. 

The  Choir  should  take  up  the  reply  (2nd 
part  of  the  Response)  firmly  and  without  hesi- 
tation. 

The  Prayers  need  to  be  recited  or  sung 
evenly,  without  hurry,  and  with  good  accentua' 
tion,  quite  unaffectedly,  with  freedom  and 
ease,  but  keeping  the  meaning  of  the  text  clear 
by  exact  conformity  to  the  signs.  The  words 
well  (but  not  too  much)  articulated,  the  pray 
ers  being  said  by  one  voice  for  the  whole 
Choir. 

N.  B. — Whether  the  OfEce  be  sung  or  sim- 
ply recited,  and  whether  entirely  or  in  part 
only,  all  these  rules  hold  good.  The  only  dif- 
ference is,  that  when  it  is  sung,  the  move- 
ment will  be  a  little  slower  and  the  pauses  will 
consequently  be  longer,  as  they  are  determined 


by  the   amount  of  impetus  given  at  the  be- 
ginning. 

The  rests  are  marked  by  pauses  and  it  is  all 
important  to  know  where  to  place  these  pauses 
and  how  to  make  them  and  where  to  make 
them.  The  effect  of  pauses  made  with  dis- 
cernment is: 

(a)  To  render  the  text  more  intelligible,  by 
the  very  fact  of  the  good  rhythmic  pronuncia- 
tion. 

(b)  To  make  the  recitation  or  the  singing 
easier  and  more  agreeable  by  the  perfect  order- 
ing of  motion  and  rest. 

(c)  And  at  the  same  time  to  facilitate  the 
blending  of  the  voices  when  several  have  to 
recite  or  sing  together. 

There  are  several  kinds  of  pauses: 

(1)  The  smallest  (mora  vocis)  or  simple 
delay  of  the  voice  without  taking  breath. 

(2)  The  little  pauses  (mora  vocis)  with  a 
respiration  taken  off  the  value  of  the  doubled 
syllable. 

(3)  The  great  pauses,  with  respiration  and 
a  silence  of  one  or  two  beats,  over  and  above 
the  doubled  value  of  the  syllable. 

To  sum  up  all  that  regards  the  pauses,  we 
may  say  that  a  silence  of  one  beat  must  be 
observed : 

( 1 )  After  every  intonation. 

(2)  Before  each  choir  answers  the  other. 

(3)  At  the  end  of  each  verse  of  the  Psalms. 

(4)  In  the  middle  and  at  the  end  of  each 
strophe  of  the  Hymns.  This  rest  in  the  middle 
of  the  strophe  consists  in  doubling  the  value 
of  the  last  (accented)  syllable  and  in  adding 
thereto  a  time  of  silence  before  taking  up  the 
third  line. 

(5)  Before  the  Amen  said  by  both  choirs 
at  the  end  of  the  Hymns.  If  there  is  no  change 
of  Choir,  as  at  the  end  of  the  Gloria  Patri, 
the  Amen  follows  straight  on  without  any 
pause. 

A  Silence  of  2  heats  must  be  observed  at  the 
asterisk : 

(1)  In  the  Invitatory  before  the  reply. 

(2)  In  the  Psalms  at  the  mediant  of  each 
verse. 

(3)  At  the  Responses,  in  the  middle  of  the 
response. 

Great  care  must  be  taken  to  observe  all  these 

rests  perfectly. 

(From  the  Catholic  Choirmaster) 


^  ■*'<^ 


Date  Due 


PA     2117     ¥37 


AUTHOR 

de  Angelis,   Eev.   Michael 


■"^'-^    The  Correct  Pronunciation 
of  Latin  ace.    tQ  Rogian .Usage 


DATE    DUE 


BORROWER'S    NAME 


0  1.. d   7  2  2 


Id 


JCAN  .EVANS 


1    -^    .  •      r^,   <-\   /-^ 


F3  7 


■4 


BOSTON    UNIVERSITY 


III 


1719  02753  772-